FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Hartzell, S
Mendoza, C
AF Hartzell, Stephen
Mendoza, Carlos
TI Source and Site Response Study of the 2008 Mount Carmel, Illinois,
Earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; RUPTURE HISTORY;
GROUND-MOTION; FINITE-FAULT; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; WAVE; AFTERSHOCKS;
PLANE
AB Two separate inversions are performed using the ground-motion data from the 2008 Mount Carmel, Illinois, earthquake. One uses aftershocks as empirical Green's functions to determine a finite-fault slip distribution. The second uses main-shock ground-motion spectra to calculate source, path, and site response parameters. The slip inversion reveals a prominent asperity at the hypocenter with an area of approximately 6 km(2), moment of 7.0 x 10(23) dyn cm (M-w 5.20), and stress drop of about 100 bars. Considering all major and minor slip, the total moment is 1.7 x 10(24) dyn cm (M-w = 5: 45). The rupture velocity is not resolvable due to the small source area. After fixing the geometric spreading, the source, path, and site parameter inversion yields a similar moment of 8.8 x 10(23) dyn cm (M-w 5.26) and a corner frequency of 0.89 Hz, which also give a stress drop of approximately 100 bars. Our combined geometric and anelastic attenuation function, Q(f)r(-b) = 1137f(0.12)r(-0.94), fits the regional spectral amplitudes, where the data is more plentiful, as well as previously derived attenuation relationships. Site response spectra show prominent resonant frequencies that correlate with the thickness of Mississippi River sediments and Mississippi embayment deposits. In addition, higher frequency resonance peaks are observed that most likely represent higher mode resonances and resonances from shallower structure.
C1 [Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Mendoza, Carlos] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro, Mexico.
RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 40
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 3
BP 951
EP 963
DI 10.1785/0120100222
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 769PL
UT WOS:000291029700003
ER
PT J
AU Thompson, EM
Baise, LG
Kayen, RE
Morgan, EC
Kaklamanos, J
AF Thompson, Eric M.
Baise, Laurie G.
Kayen, Robert E.
Morgan, Eugene C.
Kaklamanos, James
TI Multiscale Site-Response Mapping: A Case Study of Parkfield, California
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION; SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; HORIZONTAL COMPONENT;
AMPLIFICATION; ACCELERATION; PROXY; ATTENUATION; PREDICTION; EQUATIONS;
DATABASE
AB The scale of previously proposed methods for mapping site-response ranges from global coverage down to individual urban regions. Typically, spatial coverage and accuracy are inversely related. We use the densely spaced strong-motion stations in Parkfield, California, to estimate the accuracy of different site-response mapping methods and demonstrate a method for integrating multiple site-response estimates from the site to the global scale. This method is simply a weighted mean of a suite of different estimates, where the weights are the inverse of the variance of the individual estimates. Thus, the dominant site-response model varies in space as a function of the accuracy of the different models. For mapping applications, site-response models should be judged in terms of both spatial coverage and the degree of correlation with observed amplifications. Performance varies with period, but in general the Parkfield data show that: (1) where a velocity profile is available, the square-root-of-impedance (SRI) method outperforms the measured V(S30) (30 m divided by the S-wave travel time to 30 m depth) and (2) where velocity profiles are unavailable, the topographic slope method outperforms surficial geology for short periods, but geology outperforms slope at longer periods. We develop new equations to estimate site response from topographic slope, derived from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) database.
C1 [Thompson, Eric M.; Baise, Laurie G.; Morgan, Eugene C.; Kaklamanos, James] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
[Kayen, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Thompson, EM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
EM eric.thompson@tufts.edu
RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010; Baise, Laurie/D-1648-2010
OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806;
FU National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) [G09AP00062]
FX This research is funded by National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
(NEHRP) Award #G09AP00062. We thank Rich Vogel and David Garman for
valuable discussions and support on statistical modeling. Discussions
with David Wald and Trevor Allen improved our implementation of their
method for predicting VS30 from topographic slope. Reviews by
Jon Stewart, Dave Boore, and an anonymous reviewer have substantially
improved this article.
NR 53
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Z9 11
U1 0
U2 5
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 3
BP 1081
EP 1100
DI 10.1785/0120100211
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 769PL
UT WOS:000291029700011
ER
PT J
AU Atkinson, GM
Boore, DM
AF Atkinson, Gail M.
Boore, David M.
TI Modifications to Existing Ground-Motion Prediction Equations in Light of
New Data
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; STOCHASTIC
POINT-SOURCE; RESPONSE SPECTRA; NGA PROJECT; EARTHQUAKES; ATTENUATION;
SIMULATIONS; CANADA; AMPLITUDES
AB We compare our recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for western North America (WNA; Boore and Atkinson, 2008 [BA08]) and eastern North America (ENA; Atkinson and Boore, 2006 [AB06]; Atkinson, 2008 [A08]) to newly available ground-motion data. Based on these comparisons, we suggest revisions to our GMPEs for both WNA and ENA. The revisions for WNA affect only those events with M <= 5.75, while those for ENA affect all magnitudes. These are simple modifications to the existing GMPEs that bring them into significantly better agreement with data. The wealth of new data clearly demonstrates that these modifications are warranted; we therefore recommend the use of the updated equations for seismic hazard analyses and other applications. More detailed studies are under way by many investigators (including ourselves) to develop a new generation of ground-motion models in both WNA and ENA from scratch, through a comprehensive reevaluation of source, path, site, and modeling issues. In time, those more complete models will replace those proposed in this study. However, as the new models will be several years in development, we recommend using the modified models proposed herein, labeled BA08' (for WNA), AB06' (for ENA), and A08' (for ENA, to replace A08), as interim updates to our existing models. The proposed models are in demonstrable agreement with a rich database of ground motions for moderate-magnitude earthquakes in both WNA and ENA and are constrained at larger magnitudes by the BA08 magnitude and distance scaling.
C1 [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
[Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Atkinson, GM (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada
Foundation for Innovation
FX We thank Brian Chiou and B. C. Hydro for providing the ShakeMap database
for California. Constructive reviews that improved the manuscript were
provided by Ken Campbell, John Douglas, Nikos Theodulidis, and Kent
Fogleman. The financial support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada and the Canada Foundation for Innovation is
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 27
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U1 0
U2 5
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 3
BP 1121
EP 1135
DI 10.1785/0120100270
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 769PL
UT WOS:000291029700014
ER
PT J
AU Hunter, LE
Howle, JF
Rose, RS
Bawden, GW
AF Hunter, L. E.
Howle, J. F.
Rose, R. S.
Bawden, G. W.
TI LiDAR-Assisted Identification of an Active Fault near Truckee,
California
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; RANGE PROVINCE; LAKE TAHOE;
GREAT-BASIN; PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN BASIN;
DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE
AB We use high-resolution (1.5-2.4 points/m(2)) bare-earth airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) imagery to identify, map, constrain, and visualize fault-related geomorphology in densely vegetated terrain surrounding Martis Creek Dam near Truckee, California. Bare-earth LiDAR imagery reveals a previously unrecognized and apparently youthful right-lateral strike-slip fault that exhibits laterally continuous tectonic geomorphic features over a 35-km-long zone. If these interpretations are correct, the fault, herein named the Polaris fault, may represent a significant seismic hazard to the greater Truckee-Lake Tahoe and Reno-Carson City regions. Three-dimensional modeling of an offset late Quaternary terrace riser indicates a minimum tectonic slip rate of 0.4 +/- 0.1 mm/yr. Mapped fault patterns are fairly typical of regional patterns elsewhere in the northern Walker Lane and are in strong coherence with moderate magnitude historical seismicity of the immediate area, as well as the current regional stress regime. Based on a range of surface-rupture lengths and depths to the base of the seismogenic zone, we estimate a maximum earthquake magnitude (M) for the Polaris fault to be between 6.4 and 6.9.
C1 [Hunter, L. E.; Rose, R. S.] USA, Corps Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
[Howle, J. F.] US Geol Survey, Carnelian Bay, CA 96140 USA.
[Bawden, G. W.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Hunter, LE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
NR 64
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U1 1
U2 11
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 3
BP 1162
EP 1181
DI 10.1785/0120090261
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 769PL
UT WOS:000291029700017
ER
PT J
AU Holland, MD
Gray, BR
AF Holland, Mark D.
Gray, Brian R.
TI Multinomial mixture model with heterogeneous classification
probabilities
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Abundance index; Classification probability; Detection probability;
Latent class model; Population index; Site occupancy; Submersed aquatic
vegetation
AB Royle and Link (Ecology 86(9):2505-2512, 2005) proposed an analytical method that allowed estimation of multinomial distribution parameters and classification probabilities from categorical data measured with error. While useful, we demonstrate algebraically and by simulations that this method yields biased multinomial parameter estimates when the probabilities of correct category classifications vary among sampling units. We address this shortcoming by treating these probabilities as logit-normal random variables within a Bayesian framework. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo to compute Bayes estimates from a simulated sample from the posterior distribution. Based on simulations, this elaborated Royle-Link model yields nearly unbiased estimates of multinomial and correct classification probability estimates when classification probabilities are allowed to vary according to the normal distribution on the logit scale or according to the Beta distribution. The method is illustrated using categorical submersed aquatic vegetation data.
C1 [Holland, Mark D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
RP Holland, MD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, 313 Ford Hall,224 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM holland@stat.umn.edu
OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550
FU Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Great River Ecosystems
(EMAP-GRE); Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP)
FX We thank Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Great River
Ecosystems (EMAP-GRE) and Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP)
for funding MDH and BRG, respectively. We also thank Steve Gutreuter
(Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center), Leif Johnson (School of
Statistics, University of Minnesota), and an anonymous reviewer for
their helpful suggestions and revisions.
NR 14
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U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1352-8505
EI 1573-3009
J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT
JI Environ. Ecol. Stat.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 18
IS 2
BP 257
EP 270
DI 10.1007/s10651-009-0131-2
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications;
Statistics & Probability
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics
GA 769TG
UT WOS:000291040600004
ER
PT J
AU Vogelmann, JE
Kost, JR
Tolk, B
Howard, S
Short, K
Chen, XX
Huang, CQ
Pabst, K
Rollins, MG
AF Vogelmann, James E.
Kost, Jay R.
Tolk, Brian
Howard, Stephen
Short, Karen
Chen, Xuexia
Huang, Chengquan
Pabst, Kari
Rollins, Matthew G.
TI Monitoring Landscape Change for LANDFIRE Using Multi-Temporal Satellite
Imagery and Ancillary Data
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Workshop on Multi-Temporal Imagerhy Analysis
CY JUL 28-30, 2009
CL Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT
HO Univ Connecticut
DE Landscape monitoring; LANDFIRE; Landsat; MODIS; time series analyses
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; ETM PLUS DATA;
CONIFEROUS FORESTS; COVER DATABASE; CANOPY HEIGHT; LANDSAT DATA;
VEGETATION; DAMAGE; FIRE
AB LANDFIRE is a large interagency project designed to provide nationwide spatial data for fire management applications. As part of the effort, many 2000 vintage Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus data sets were used in conjunction with a large volume of field information to generate detailed vegetation type and structure data sets for the entire United States. In order to keep these data sets current and relevant to resource managers, there was strong need to develop an approach for updating these products. We are using three different approaches for these purposes. These include: 1) updating using Landsat-derived historic and current fire burn information derived from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity project; 2) incorporating vegetation disturbance information derived from time series Landsat data analysis using the Vegetation Change Tracker; and 3) developing data products that capture subtle intra-state disturbance such as those related to insects and disease using either Landsat or the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS). While no one single approach provides all of the land cover change and update information required, we believe that a combination of all three captures most of the disturbance conditions taking place that have relevance to the fire community.
C1 [Vogelmann, James E.; Chen, Xuexia; Pabst, Kari] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Short, Karen] Syst Environm Management, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
[Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Vogelmann, JE (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012;
OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798; Vogelmann,
James/0000-0002-0804-5823
NR 52
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U1 0
U2 18
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 252
EP 264
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2044478
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 769EO
UT WOS:000290992900002
ER
PT J
AU Slonecker, ET
AF Slonecker, E. Terrence
TI The Use of Historical Imagery in the Remediation of an Urban Hazardous
Waste Site
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Workshop on Multi-Temporal Imagerhy Analysis
CY JUL 28-30, 2009
CL Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT
HO Univ Connecticut
DE Chemical weapons; historical imagery; photo interpretation; World War I
ID AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; LANDFILL; RESIDENCE
AB The information derived from the interpretation of historical aerial photographs is perhaps the most basic multi-temporal application of remote-sensing data. Aerial photographs dating back to the early 20th century can be extremely valuable sources of historical landscape activity. In this application, imagery from 1918 to 1927 provided a wealth of information about chemical weapons testing, storage, handling, and disposal of these hazardous materials. When analyzed by a trained photo-analyst, the 1918 aerial photographs resulted in 42 features of potential interest. When compared with current remedial activities and known areas of contamination, 33 of 42 or 78.5% of the features were spatially correlated with areas of known contamination or other remedial hazardous waste cleanup activity.
C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Slonecker, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM tslonecker@usgs.gov
OI slonecker, Terry/0000-0002-5793-0503
NR 45
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U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 281
EP 291
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2049254
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 769EO
UT WOS:000290992900005
ER
PT J
AU Tan, B
Morisette, JT
Wolfe, RE
Gao, F
Ederer, GA
Nightingale, J
Pedelty, JA
AF Tan, Bin
Morisette, Jeffrey T.
Wolfe, Robert E.
Gao, Feng
Ederer, Gregory A.
Nightingale, Joanne
Pedelty, Jeffrey A.
TI An Enhanced TIMESAT Algorithm for Estimating Vegetation Phenology
Metrics From MODIS Data
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Workshop on Multi-Temporal Imagerhy Analysis
CY JUL 28-30, 2009
CL Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT
HO Univ Connecticut
DE MODIS; NACP; phenology; TIMESAT
ID VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; SERIES; INDEX
AB An enhanced TIMESAT algorithm was developed for retrieving vegetation phenology metrics from 250 m and 500 m spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indexes (VI) over North America. MODIS VI data were pre-processed using snow-cover and land surface temperature data, and temporally smoothed with the enhanced TIMESAT algorithm. An objective third derivative test was applied to define key phenology dates and retrieve a set of phenology metrics. This algorithm has been applied to two MODIS VIs: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). In this paper, we describe the algorithm and use EVI as an example to compare three sets of TIMESAT algorithm/MODIS VI combinations: a) original TIMESAT algorithm with original MODIS VI, b) original TIMESAT algorithm with pre-processed MODIS VI, and c) enhanced TIMESAT and pre-processed MODIS VI. All retrievals were compared with ground phenology observations, some made available through the National Phenology Network. Our results show that for MODIS data in middle to high latitude regions, snow and land surface temperature information is critical in retrieving phenology metrics from satellite observations. The results also show that the enhanced TIMESAT algorithm can better accommodate growing season start and end dates that vary significantly from year to year. The TIMESAT algorithm improvements contribute to more spatial coverage and more accurate retrievals of the phenology metrics. Among three sets of TIMESAT/MODIS VI combinations, the start of the growing season metric predicted by the enhanced TIMESAT algorithm using pre-processed MODIS VIs has the best associations with ground observed vegetation greenup dates.
C1 [Tan, Bin; Gao, Feng] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA.
[Tan, Bin; Wolfe, Robert E.; Gao, Feng; Nightingale, Joanne; Pedelty, Jeffrey A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Ederer, Gregory A.; Nightingale, Joanne] Sigma Space, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
RP Tan, B (reprint author), ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA.
RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012
OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855;
NR 22
TC 53
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U1 5
U2 43
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 361
EP 371
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2075916
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 769EO
UT WOS:000290992900013
ER
PT J
AU Ramsey, E
Lu, Z
Suzuoki, Y
Rangoonwala, A
Werle, D
AF Ramsey, Elijah, III
Lu, Zhong
Suzuoki, Yukihiro
Rangoonwala, Amina
Werle, Dirk
TI Monitoring Duration and Extent of Storm-Surge and Flooding in Western
Coastal Louisiana Marshes With Envisat ASAR Data
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Workshop on Multi-Temporal Imagery Analysis
CY JUL 28-30, 2009
CL Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT
HO Univ Connecticut
DE Coastal marshes; flooding; hurricanes; radar; storm surge; topography
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY;
INUNDATION; MANAGEMENT; WETLANDS; FORESTS; AREA
AB Inundation maps of coastal marshes in western Louisiana were created with multitemporal Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture (ASAR) scenes collected before and during the three months after Hurricane Rita landfall in September 2005. Corroborated by inland water-levels, 7 days after landfall, 48% of coastal estuarine and palustrine marshes remained inundated by storm-surge waters. Forty-five days after landfall, storm-surge inundated 20% of those marshes. The end of the storm-surge flooding was marked by an abrupt decrease in water levels following the passage of a storm front and persistent offshore winds. A complementary dramatic decrease in flood extent was confirmed by an ASAR-derived inundation map. In nonimpounded marshes at elevations < 80 cm, storm-surge waters rapidly receded while slower recession was dominantly associated with impounded marshes at elevations > 80 cm during the first month after Rita landfall. After this initial period, drainage from marshes-especially impounded marshes-was hastened by the onset of offshore winds. Following the abrupt drops in inland water levels and flood extent, rainfall events coinciding with increased water levels were recorded as inundation re-expansion. This postsurge flooding decreased until only isolated impounded and palustrine marshes remained inundated. Changing flood extents were correlated to inland water levels and largely occurred within the same marsh regions. Trends related to incremental threshold increases used in the ASAR change-detection analyses seemed related to the preceding hydraulic and hydrologic events, and VV and HH threshold differences supported their relationship to the overall wetland hydraulic condition.
C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 70506 USA.
[Lu, Zhong] Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA.
[Suzuoki, Yukihiro] ASci Corp Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Rangoonwala, Amina] IAP Worldwide Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Werle, Dirk] AERDE Environm Res, Halifax, NS B3J 2X1, Canada.
RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM elijah_ramsey@usgs.gov
RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013
NR 41
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U1 1
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 387
EP 399
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2096201
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 769EO
UT WOS:000290992900015
ER
PT J
AU Mattson, DJ
Clark, SG
Byrd, KL
Brown, SR
Robinson, B
AF Mattson, D. J.
Clark, S. G.
Byrd, K. L.
Brown, S. R.
Robinson, B.
TI Leaders' perspectives in the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation
Initiative
SO POLICY SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Leadership; Perspectives; Large-scale conservation; Yellowstone to
Yukon; Q method; Policy sciences; Learning
ID SOCIAL-MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS
AB The Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative (Y2Y) was created in 1993 to advance conservation in a 1.2 million km(2) portion of the North American Rocky Mountains. We assembled 21 people with influence over Y2Y in a workshop to elucidate perspectives on challenges and solutions for this organization at a key point in its evolution, and used Q method to define four perspectives on challenges and three on solutions. Participants were differentiated by four models for effecting change-vision-based advocacy, practice-based learning, political engagement, and scientific management-with emphasis on the first three. Those with authority in Y2Y aligned with vision-based advocacy and expressed ambivalence about practice-based adaptive learning and rigorous appraisals of existing strategies. Workshop results were consistent with an apparent trend toward organizational maturation focused on stabilizing revenues, developing formal organizational arrangements, and focusing strategies. Consolidation of power in Y2Y around a long-standing formula does not bode well for the effectiveness of Y2Y. We recommend that leaders in Y2Y and similar organizations focused on large-scale conservation to create and maintain an open system-philosophically and operationally-that capitalizes on the diverse perspectives and skills of individuals who are attracted to such efforts. We also recommend that the Y2Y initiative be followed closely to harvest additional lessons for potential application to large-scale conservation efforts elsewhere.
C1 [Mattson, D. J.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Clark, S. G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Yale Inst Social & Policy Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
[Clark, S. G.; Byrd, K. L.] No Rockies Conservat Cooperat, Jackson, WY 83001 USA.
[Brown, S. R.] Kent State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
[Robinson, B.] Biosphere Inst Bow Valley, Canmore, AB T1W 2T2, Canada.
RP Mattson, DJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM David_Mattson@usgs.gov; susan.g.clark@yale.edu; byrd0023@umn.edu;
sbrown@kent.edu; bart@biosphereinstitute.org
NR 79
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 6
U2 24
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0032-2687
J9 POLICY SCI
JI Policy Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 44
IS 2
BP 103
EP 133
DI 10.1007/s11077-011-9127-5
PG 31
WC Planning & Development; Public Administration; Social Sciences,
Interdisciplinary
SC Public Administration; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 763RQ
UT WOS:000290577800001
ER
PT J
AU Ransom, JI
AF Ransom, Jason I.
TI Customizing a rangefinder for community-based wildlife conservation
initiatives
SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Abundance; Asiatic wild ass; Equus hemionus; Khulan; Density; Distance
sampling; Line transect; Mongolia; Point count
ID DISTANCE
AB Population size of many threatened and endangered species is relatively unknown because estimating animal abundance in remote parts of the world, without access to aircraft for surveying vast areas, is a scientific challenge with few proposed solutions. One option is to enlist local community members and train them in data collection for large line transect or point count surveys, but financial and sometimes technological constraints prevent access to the necessary equipment and training for accurately quantifying distance measurements. Such measurements are paramount for generating reliable estimates of animal density. This problem was overcome in a survey of Asiatic wild ass (Equus hemionus) in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area, Mongolia, by converting an inexpensive optical sporting rangefinder into a species-specific rangefinder with visual-based categorical labels. Accuracy trials concluded 96.86% of 350 distance measures matched those from a laser rangefinder. This simple customized optic subsequently allowed for a large group of minimally-trained observers to simultaneously record quantitative measures of distance, despite language, education, and skill differences among the diverse group. The large community-based effort actively engaged local residents in species conservation by including them as the foundation for collecting scientific data.
C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Ransom, JI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM ransomj@usgs.gov
FU Colorado State University's Center for Collaborative Conservation
FX Thanks to P. Kaczensky for input on the application of this tool for use
in the Gobi, and to L. Ellison, R. Waltermire, and two anonymous
reviewers for critical reviews of this research note. Development of
this tool and its application for equid conservation was funded by a
fellowship through Colorado State University's Center for Collaborative
Conservation. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Colorado
State University or the US Government.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0960-3115
J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV
JI Biodivers. Conserv.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 7
BP 1603
EP 1609
DI 10.1007/s10531-011-0040-1
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 765RL
UT WOS:000290726200016
ER
PT J
AU Brumbaugh, WG
Hammerschmidt, CR
Zanella, L
Rogevich, E
Salata, G
Bolek, R
AF Brumbaugh, William G.
Hammerschmidt, Chad R.
Zanella, Luciana
Rogevich, Emily
Salata, Gregory
Bolek, Radoslaw
TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS OF ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE AND
SIMULTANEOUSLY EXTRACTED NICKEL IN SPIKED SEDIMENTS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Sediment chemistry; Acid-volatile sulfide; Nickel; Variability
ID METALS
AB An interlaboratory comparison of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted nickel (SEM_Ni) measurements of sediments was conducted among five independent laboratories. Relative standard deviations for the seven test samples ranged from 5.6 to 71% (mean = 25%) for AVS and from 5.5 to 15% (mean = 10%) for SEM_Ni. These results are in stark contrast to a recently published study that indicated AVS and SEM analyses were highly variable among laboratories. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1306-1309. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA.
[Hammerschmidt, Chad R.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
[Zanella, Luciana] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA.
[Rogevich, Emily] Nickel Producers Environm Res Assoc, Durham, NC USA.
[Salata, Gregory] Columbia Analyt Serv, Kelso, WA USA.
[Bolek, Radoslaw] Alloway Labs, Lima, OH USA.
RP Brumbaugh, WG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA.
EM bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov
RI Hammerschmidt, Chad/M-3139-2014
FU NiPERA
FX We thank John Besser, Chris Ivey, Chris Ingersoll, Jesse Arms, Jim
Fairchild, and Carl Orazio (USGS); G. Allen Burton Jr. and students
(University of Michigan); Robbie Weller and Kat lin Bowman (Wright State
University); Jean-Francois Gaillard (Northwestern University); Chris
Schlekat (Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association; NiPERA);
and Dave Mount (U.S. EPA). Financial support for this study was provided
in part by NiPERA.
NR 4
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1306
EP 1309
DI 10.1002/etc.506
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 766ZN
UT WOS:000290825200010
PM 21452392
ER
PT J
AU Bartelt-Hunt, SL
Snow, DD
Damon-Powell, T
Brown, DL
Prasai, G
Schwarz, M
Kolok, AS
AF Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L.
Snow, Daniel D.
Damon-Powell, Teyona
Brown, DelShawn L.
Prasai, Gyanendra
Schwarz, Matthew
Kolok, Alan S.
TI QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF LABORATORY UPTAKE RATES FOR PESTICIDES,
PHARMACEUTICALS, AND STEROID HORMONES USING POCIS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE POCIS; Passive samplers; Pesticides; Pharmaceuticals; Steroid hormones
ID CHEMICAL INTEGRATIVE SAMPLERS; WASTE-WATER; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS;
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PASSIVE
SAMPLERS; POLAR HERBICIDES; SURFACE-WATER; USA
AB Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) are useful in monitoring for a wide range of chemicals in aquatic systems; however, a lack of available uptake rate data for compounds of environmental interest is one limitation in the application of these samplers to environmental studies. In this study, laboratory calibration experiments were conducted with POCIS for 65 compounds at 25 degrees C under flowing conditions to determine chemical-specific uptake rates (R(s)). Experimental uptake rates measured in this study ranged from 0.034 to 1.33 L/d, and uptake rates were determined for 36 compounds with no previously reported values. Experimentally determined uptake rates were applied to data obtained from POCIS samplers deployed downstream of three wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharges and in four surface waters influenced by agricultural runoff. Time-weighted average concentrations for atrazine and metolachlor determined using uptake rates generated in this study compare well with results from composited grab sampling previously conducted in agricultural watersheds in Nebraska, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1412-1420. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L.; Snow, Daniel D.; Damon-Powell, Teyona; Brown, DelShawn L.; Prasai, Gyanendra] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
[Schwarz, Matthew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Grand Isl, NE USA.
[Kolok, Alan S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA.
RP Bartelt-Hunt, SL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
EM sbartelt2@unl.edu
NR 28
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 5
U2 48
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1412
EP 1420
DI 10.1002/etc.514
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 766ZN
UT WOS:000290825200022
PM 21381085
ER
PT J
AU Franson, JC
Hoffman, DJ
Flint, PL
AF Franson, J. Christian
Hoffman, David J.
Flint, Paul L.
TI SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM
IN WILD LONG-TAILED DUCKS AND COMMON EIDERS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Common eider; Long-tailed duck; Selenium; Glutathione metabolism; Alaska
ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; DIETARY SELENIUM; TISSUE; CONTAMINANTS; PEROXIDASE;
BLOOD; USA
AB The relationships of selenium (Se) concentrations in whole blood with plasma activities of total glutathione peroxidase, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were studied in long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and common eiders (Somateria mollissima) sampled along the Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska, USA. Blood Se concentrations were >8 mu g/g wet weight in both species. Linear regression revealed that the activities of total and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase were significantly related to Se concentrations only in long-tailed ducks, raising the possibility that these birds were experiencing early oxidative stress. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1479-1481. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Hoffman, David J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA.
[Flint, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.
RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
EM jfranson@usgs.gov
RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012;
OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank L.
Thorsteinson and D. Derksen for support of this project. Personnel of BP
Exploration Alaska, Oasis Environmental, ExxonMobil Production, ERA
Helicopters, Cape Smythe Air, Alaska Clean Seas, Nana Oilfield Services,
and Lynden Transport provided logistical support. We thank the many
individuals who participated in the capture of ducks and collection of
samples. T. Custer and G. Heinz provided comments on earlier drafts of
the article. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1479
EP 1481
DI 10.1002/etc.522
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 766ZN
UT WOS:000290825200029
PM 21462234
ER
PT J
AU Jochum, KP
Wilson, SA
Abouchami, W
Amini, M
Chmeleff, J
Eisenhauer, A
Hegner, E
Iaccheri, LM
Kieffer, B
Krause, J
McDonough, WF
Mertz-Kraus, R
Raczek, I
Rudnick, RL
Scholz, D
Steinhoefel, G
Stoll, B
Stracke, A
Tonarini, S
Weis, D
Weis, U
Woodhead, JD
AF Jochum, Klaus Peter
Wilson, Steven A.
Abouchami, Wafa
Amini, Marghaleray
Chmeleff, Jerome
Eisenhauer, Anton
Hegner, Ernst
Iaccheri, Linda M.
Kieffer, Bruno
Krause, Joachim
McDonough, William F.
Mertz-Kraus, Regina
Raczek, Ingrid
Rudnick, Roberta L.
Scholz, Denis
Steinhoefel, Grit
Stoll, Brigitte
Stracke, Andreas
Tonarini, Sonia
Weis, Dominique
Weis, Ulrike
Woodhead, Jon D.
TI GSD-1G and MPI-DING Reference Glasses for In Situ and Bulk Isotopic
Determination
SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE microbeam techniques; International Association of Geoanalysts; in situ
techniques; thermal ionisation mass spectrometry; ICP-MS; LA-ICP-MS
ID MC-ICP-MS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ND-YAG LASER; HIGH-PRECISION; 193
NM; GEOLOGICAL GLASSES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; SILICATE-GLASSES; REFERENCE
VALUES; MELT INCLUSIONS
AB This paper contains the results of an extensive isotopic study of United States Geological Survey GSD-1G and MPI-DING reference glasses. Thirteen different laboratories were involved using high-precision bulk (TIMS, MC-ICP-MS) and microanalytical (LA-MC-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS) techniques. Detailed studies were performed to demonstrate the large-scale and small-scale homogeneity of the reference glasses. Together with previously published isotopic data from ten other laboratories, preliminary reference and information values as well as their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level were determined for H, O, Li, B, Si, Ca, Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb, Th and U isotopes using the recommendations of the International Association of Geoanalysts for certification of reference materials. Our results indicate that GSD-1G and the MPI-DING glasses are suitable reference materials for microanalytical and bulk analytical purposes.
C1 [Jochum, Klaus Peter; Abouchami, Wafa; Krause, Joachim; Mertz-Kraus, Regina; Raczek, Ingrid; Scholz, Denis; Stoll, Brigitte; Weis, Ulrike] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany.
[Wilson, Steven A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Amini, Marghaleray; Eisenhauer, Anton] IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, D-24148 Kiel, Germany.
[Amini, Marghaleray] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatchewan Isotope Lab, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
[Chmeleff, Jerome; Steinhoefel, Grit] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
[Chmeleff, Jerome] Univ Toulouse III, LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Hegner, Ernst; Iaccheri, Linda M.] Univ Munich, Dept Geo & Umweltwissensch, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
[McDonough, William F.; Rudnick, Roberta L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Scholz, Denis] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geowissensch, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Stracke, Andreas] ETH, Inst Isotopengeol & Mineral Rohstoffe, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Tonarini, Sonia] CNR, Ist Geosci & Georisorse, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
[Kieffer, Bruno; Weis, Dominique] Univ British Columbia, Pacific Ctr Isotop & Geochem Res, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Woodhead, Jon D.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Stracke, Andreas] Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
RP Jochum, KP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Postfach 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany.
EM k.jochum@mpic.de
RI Woodhead, Jon/C-2227-2012; McDonough, William/C-4791-2009; Mertz-Kraus,
Regina/K-3558-2014; McDonough, William/I-7720-2012; Weis,
Dominique/Q-7658-2016; Eisenhauer, Anton/K-6454-2012; Scholz,
Denis/G-1861-2016
OI Woodhead, Jon/0000-0002-7614-0136; Rudnick, Roberta/0000-0003-1559-7463;
McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Mertz-Kraus,
Regina/0000-0002-5122-4480; McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673;
Weis, Dominique/0000-0002-6638-5543;
NR 70
TC 40
Z9 42
U1 3
U2 37
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1639-4488
J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES
JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 35
IS 2
BP 193
EP 226
DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00114.x
PG 34
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 765UL
UT WOS:000290734000004
ER
PT J
AU Lloyd, JD
Doyle, T
AF Lloyd, John D.
Doyle, Terry
TI Abundance and population trends of mangrove landbirds in southwest
Florida
SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Black-whiskered Vireo; Coccyzus minor; Mangrove Cuckoo; mangroves;
population decline; Vireo altiloquus; West Nile virus
ID COUNT DATA
AB The avifauna of south Florida's mangrove forests is unique and relatively unstudied. The population status of landbirds that breed in these forests is currently unknown, and this lack of information is especially problematic for species that have North American ranges limited almost exclusively to Florida's mangroves. To address this information gap, we estimated trends in abundance using data generated during bird surveys conducted from 2000 to 2008 at 101 points in mangrove forests in southwestern Florida. We found that populations of two of three mangrove-dependent species that breed in these forests, Black-whiskered Vireos (Vireo altiloquus) and Mangrove Cuckoos (Coccyzus minor), declined significantly during our study. In contrast, only one of seven species with a broader North American range (Red-bellied Woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinensis) declined in abundance. No species increased in abundance. The Mangrove Cuckoo population exhibited the greatest decline, with numbers declining 87.1% from 2000 to 2008. Numbers of Black-whiskered Vireos declined 63.9%. These declines coincided with the outbreak of West Nile virus that has been linked to population declines of other North American birds, but we could not rule out other potential causes, including changes in the quality or extent of breeding or wintering habitat.
C1 [Lloyd, John D.] Ecostudies Inst, S Strafford, VT 05070 USA.
[Doyle, Terry] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Lloyd, JD (reprint author), Ecostudies Inst, POB 106, S Strafford, VT 05070 USA.
EM jlloyd@ecoinst.org
OI Lloyd, John/0000-0002-9143-3789
FU USFWS [401818J604]; Ecostudies Institute [401818J604]
FX This project was funded in part through a cooperative agreement (CA no.
401818J604) between USFWS and Ecostudies Institute. We thank J. Palmer
for continued support of our research and monitoring efforts. The
findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service.
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 17
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0273-8570
J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL
JI J. Field Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 2
BP 132
EP 139
DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2011.00315.x
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 768DR
UT WOS:000290912200002
ER
PT J
AU Work, TM
Aeby, GS
AF Work, Thierry M.
Aeby, Greta S.
TI Pathology of tissue loss (white syndrome) in Acropora sp corals from the
Central Pacific
SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Acropora; White syndrome; Tissue loss; Histopathology; Lesion; Coral
disease
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; BAND DISEASE; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; ELKHORN CORAL;
PALMATA; IDENTIFICATION; LESIONS; PLANTS; AGENT
AB We performed histological examination of 69 samples of Acropora sp. manifesting different types of tissue loss (Acropora White Syndrome-AWS) from Hawaii, Johnston Atoll and American Samoa between 2002 and 2006. Gross lesions of tissue loss were observed and classified as diffuse acute, diffuse subacute, and focal to multifocal acute to subacute. Corals with acute tissue loss manifested microscopic evidence of necrosis sometimes associated with ciliates, helminths, fungi, algae, sponges, or cyanobacteria whereas those with subacute tissue loss manifested mainly wound repair. Gross lesions of AWS have multiple different changes at the microscopic level some of which involve various microorganisms and metazoa. Elucidating this disease will require, among other things, monitoring lesions over time to determine the pathogenesis of AWS and the potential role of tissue-associated microorganisms in the genesis of tissue loss. Attempts to experimentally induce AWS should include microscopic examination of tissues to ensure that potentially causative microorganisms associated with gross lesion are not overlooked. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
[Work, Thierry M.; Aeby, Greta S.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231,POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
EM Thierry_work@usgs.gov
RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015
OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090
NR 41
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 28
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2011
J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL
JI J. Invertebr. Pathol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 2
BP 127
EP 131
DI 10.1016/j.jip.2011.03.009
PG 5
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 768GO
UT WOS:000290922100005
PM 21457717
ER
PT J
AU Battaglin, WA
Sandstrom, MW
Kuivila, KM
Kolpin, DW
Meyer, MT
AF Battaglin, William A.
Sandstrom, Mark W.
Kuivila, Kathryn M.
Kolpin, Dana W.
Meyer, Michael T.
TI Occurrence of Azoxystrobin, Propiconazole, and Selected Other Fungicides
in US Streams, 2005-2006
SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Fungicide; Soybean rust; Toxicity; Water quality
ID MIDWESTERN STREAMS; AZOLE FUNGICIDES; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES;
WASTE-WATER; PESTICIDES; CONTAMINANTS; COMMUNITIES; GLYPHOSATE;
DEPOSITION
AB Fungicides are used to prevent foliar diseases on a wide range of vegetable, field, fruit, and ornamental crops. They are generally more effective as protective rather than curative treatments, and hence tend to be applied before infections take place. Less than 1% of US soybeans were treated with a fungicide in 2002 but by 2006, 4% were treated. Like other pesticides, fungicides can move-off of fields after application and subsequently contaminate surface water, groundwater, and associated sediments. Due to the constant pressure from fungal diseases such as the recent Asian soybean rust outbreak, and the always-present desire to increase crop yields, there is the potential for a significant increase in the amount of fungicides used on US farms. Increased fungicide use could lead to increased environmental concentrations of these compounds. This study documents the occurrence of fungicides in select US streams soon after the first documentation of soybean rust in the US and prior to the corresponding increase in fungicide use to treat this problem. Water samples were collected from 29 streams in 13 states in 2005 and/or 2006, and analyzed for 12 target fungicides. Nine of the 12 fungicides were detected in at least one stream sample and at least one fungicide was detected in 20 of 29 streams. At least one fungicide was detected in 56% of the 103 samples, as many as five fungicides were detected in an individual sample, and mixtures of fungicides were common. Azoxystrobin was detected most frequently (45% of 103 samples) followed by metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), myclobutanil (9%), and tebuconazole (6%). Fungicide detections ranged from 0.002 to 1.15 mu g/L. There was indication of a seasonal pattern to fungicide occurrence, with detections more common and concentrations higher in late summer and early fall than in spring. At a few sites, fungicides were detected in all samples collected suggesting the potential for season-long occurrence in some streams. Fungicide occurrence appears to be related to fungicide use in the associated drainage basins; however, current use information is generally lacking and more detailed occurrence data are needed to accurately quantify such a relation. Maximum concentrations of fungicides were typically one or more orders of magnitude less than current toxicity estimates for freshwater aquatic organisms or humans; however, gaps in current toxicological understandings of the effects of fungicides in the environment limit these interpretations.
C1 [Battaglin, William A.; Sandstrom, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA.
[Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA.
RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM wbattagl@usgs.gov
RI Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013;
OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985; Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675
FU USGS
FX This study was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program
and conducted with the logistical support of USGS Water Science Centers
in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, and South
Carolina. The authors would especially like to acknowledge USGS
personnel who collected samples: Richard Coupe, Angela Crain, David
Dupre, James Fallon, Jeffery Frey, Thomas Harris, Brian Hughes, Steve
Kalkhoff, Michael Wood-side, and Ron Zelt. The use of trade names or
product names in this report does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation by the USGS.
NR 65
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U1 7
U2 61
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0049-6979
EI 1573-2932
J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL
JI Water Air Soil Pollut.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 218
IS 1-4
BP 307
EP 322
DI 10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water
Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
GA 765QT
UT WOS:000290724400027
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, LA
Haukos, DA
Smith, LM
McMurry, ST
AF Johnson, Lacrecia A.
Haukos, David A.
Smith, Loren M.
McMurry, Scott T.
TI Loss of Playa Wetlands Caused by Reclassification and Remapping of
Hydric Soils on the Southern High Plains
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Depressional soils; Playa conservation; Playa management; Revised soil
survey; Texas; USDA
ID AREA; USA
AB Historically, playas in the Southern High Plains (SHP) were identified by the presence of hydric soils. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has begun a reclassification and remapping of upland and depressional soils for the playa region of Texas. For eight counties in Texas, we compared the occurrence of playas, as indicated by soils designated as hydric in original soil surveys, to designations in remapped soil surveys. We estimate a 65% decrease in playa numbers and 50% decrease in area as defined by the presence of hydric soil. Anthropogenic impacts, resulting in an altered hydrology and masking of hydric soil are proposed as primary factors responsible for reduction in playa numbers. Other potential factors include current USDA methodology and correction of historical survey errors. Playas on the SHP being considered for inclusion under USDA conservation programs must be individually and independently assessed on-site for wetland criteria, rather than reliance on revised USDA-NRCS Soil Survey maps. During on-site evaluations, effects of anthropogenic alterations on the playa soil to develop and maintain hydric characteristics must be considered. Until completion of the remapping effort, confusion will ensue with the use of the online USDA-NRCS Soil Survey maps during interpretation by those unfamiliar with the status of soil survey reports for the Texas SHP.
C1 [Johnson, Lacrecia A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Smith, Loren M.; McMurry, Scott T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM lacrecia.johnson@ttu.edu
FU United States Environmental Protection Agency; Texas Tech University
Department of Natural Resources Management; Playa Lakes Joint Venture
(PLJV); United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
FX Financial support was provided by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency, Texas Tech University Department of Natural Resources
Management, Playa Lakes Joint Venture (PLJV), and the United States Fish
and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Results and conclusions do not necessarily
represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We greatly
appreciate the GIS data contributions of PLJV and USFWS. Lastly, we
especially thank T. LaGrange, W. P. Johnson, and anonymous referees for
providing comments on drafts of this manuscript.
NR 29
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Z9 7
U1 2
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 3
BP 483
EP 492
DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0177-4
PG 10
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 765CO
UT WOS:000290681200004
ER
PT J
AU Britton, DK
Dingman, S
AF Britton, David K.
Dingman, Sandra
TI Use of quaternary ammonium to control the spread of aquatic invasive
species by wildland fire equipment
SO AQUATIC INVASIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Quagga Mussels in the Western United States -
Monitoring and
Management/World-Aquaculture-Societys-Triennial-Conference
CY MAR, 2010
CL San Diego, CA
SP World Aquaculture Soc Triennial, Natl Shellfisheries Assoc
DE quagga mussels; Lower Colorado River; decontamination; wildland fire;
quaternary ammonium
AB Wildland firefighting equipment moves large volumes of raw water during fire incidents in order to extinguish flames or control fire growth. This water movement may serve as pathways for aquatic invasive organisms to be moved between water bodies and watersheds. The equipment used may become contaminated and serve as vectors for future invasions across large geographic areas. New guidelines used by federal firefighting agencies recommend the application of sanitation solutions using quaternary ammonium compounds for decontaminating wildland fire equipment to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species that may foul the equipment. While quaternary ammonium compounds have been tested on other aquatic organisms, the effectiveness of such compounds has not been systematically tested on mussels. We tested the survival of quagga mussel veligers after exposure to a 3% solution of Sparquat 256 (R) for 5 and 10 minutes. We assessed survival immediately after treatment and then after 60 minutes in fresh water. We found that a 5 minute exposure duration was insufficient to kill 100% of tested veligers. However a 10 minute exposure, as prescribed in the interagency operational guidelines for preventing spread of aquatic invasive species, was effective in killing all tested veligers, but not immediately after treatment. An additional 60 minutes were required after the quaternary ammonium solution was removed before 100% mortality was achieved. This work highlights the need for more rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of various sanitation solutions in killing quagga and zebra mussels under different ambient temperatures in order to validate and refine the sanitation protocol for firefighting equipment and other applications.
C1 [Britton, David K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
[Dingman, Sandra] Natl Pk Serv, Lake Mead Natl Recreat Area, Boulder City, NV 89005 USA.
RP Britton, DK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Biol, UTA Box 19498, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
EM david_britton@fws.gov; sandee_dingman@nps.gov
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 16
PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC
PI HELSINKI
PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND
SN 1798-6540
J9 AQUAT INVASIONS
JI Aquat. Invasions
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 2
SI SI
BP 169
EP 173
DI 10.3391/ai.2011.6.2.06
PG 5
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 781SZ
UT WOS:000291958100006
ER
PT J
AU Vajda, AM
Barber, LB
Gray, JL
Lopez, EM
Bolden, AM
Schoenfuss, HL
Norris, DO
AF Vajda, Alan M.
Barber, Larry B.
Gray, James L.
Lopez, Elena M.
Bolden, Ashley M.
Schoenfuss, Heiko L.
Norris, David O.
TI Demasculinization of male fish by wastewater treatment plant effluent
SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Endocrine disruption; Estrogen; Nonylphenol; Wastewater; Fish
ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; E-SCREEN
ASSAY; FATHEAD MINNOW; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; SEWAGE EFFLUENT; END-POINTS;
ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; REPRODUCTIVE DISRUPTION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
AB Adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to effluent from the City of Boulder, Colorado wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) under controlled conditions in the field to determine if the effluent induced reproductive disruption in fish. Gonadal intersex and other evidence of reproductive disruption were previously identified in white suckers (Carostomus commersoni) in Boulder Creek downstream from this WWTP effluent outfall. Fish were exposed within a mobile flow-through exposure laboratory in July 2005 and August 2006 to WWTP effluent (EFF), Boulder Creek water (REF), or mixtures of EFF and REF for up to 28 days. Primary (sperm abundance) and secondary (nuptial tubercles and dorsal fat pads) sex characteristics were demasculinized within 14 days of exposure to 50% and 100% EFF. Vitellogenin was maximally elevated in both 50% and 100% EFF treatments within 7 days and significantly elevated by 25% EFF within 14 days. The steroidal estrogens 17 beta-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, as well as estrogenic alkylphenols and bisphenol A were identified within the EFF treatments and not ill the REF treatment. These results support the hypothesis that the reproductive disruption observed in this watershed is clue to endocrine-active chemicals in the WWTP effluent. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Vajda, Alan M.; Lopez, Elena M.; Bolden, Ashley M.; Norris, David O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Barber, Larry B.; Gray, James L.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud St Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA.
RP Vajda, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, CB171, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
EM alan.vajda@ucdenver.edu
RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS)
FX This research was partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Research
Program, and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank Steve
Brinkman and Nicole Vieira (Colorado Division of Wildlife), Ted Noyes,
Greg Brown, and Steffanie Keefe (USGS), Jim Lazorchak (USEPA), and the
City of Boulder for their assistance. Use of trade names is for
identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 58
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Z9 64
U1 7
U2 70
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-445X
J9 AQUAT TOXICOL
JI Aquat. Toxicol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 103
IS 3-4
BP 213
EP 221
DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.007
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
GA 781CL
UT WOS:000291908100010
PM 21473848
ER
PT J
AU Weiser, EL
Powell, AN
AF Weiser, Emily L.
Powell, Abby N.
TI Reduction of Garbage in the Diet of Nonbreeding Glaucous Gulls
Corresponding to a Change in Waste Management
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Article
DE development; diet; glaucous gull; human refuse; human-subsidized
predators; Larus hyperboreus; management
ID ANTHROPOGENIC FOOD; BEAUFORT SEA; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; PREDATORS;
SURVIVAL; COLONY
AB Glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) are major predators in the Arctic and may benefit from human development. We studied use of garbage by glaucous gulls in Barrow, Alaska, in 2007, when municipal waste was disposed of in a landfill, and in 2008, when it was incinerated. In both years, diet samples from breeding adult gulls contained less garbage than those from loafing nonbreeding gulls (mostly subadults of less than four years), possibly because the breeding colony was more distant than many loafing sites from the landfills. Although breeding gull samples showed no change, garbage in regurgitated pellets and food remains of nonbreeding gulls was significantly less prevalent in 2008 than in 2007 (28% vs. 43% occurrence in diet samples), and this reduction could be explained by the switch from landfill to waste incineration. Yet garbage remained a substantial part of nonbreeding gull diet after the management change. Other aspects of waste management, such as storage prior to disposal, may also be important in limiting scavengers' access to garbage and thus reducing the indirect impact of human development on prey species of conservation concern.
C1 [Weiser, Emily L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Powell, Abby N.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Weiser, EL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, POB 756100, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM emily.l.weiser@gmail.com
OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X
FU North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management; U.S. Bureau of
Land Management (Arctic Field Office); University of Alaska Foundation
FX This study was funded by the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife
Management (with a grant from NPR-A Impact Mitigation Program, Alaska
Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development), the U.S.
Bureau of Land Management (Arctic Field Office), and a University of
Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Grant. We thank
Ruby Baxter for assistance with sample collection and analysis and
Robert Suydam and Debbie Nigro for logistical support. Debbie Nigro,
Declan Troy, Christine Hunter, Alan Springer, and three anonymous
reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. This study was
conducted under approval #07-46 of the Institutional Animal Care and Use
Committee of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 41
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U1 2
U2 25
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 64
IS 2
BP 220
EP 226
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 785JU
UT WOS:000292226100007
ER
PT J
AU McGowan, CP
Hines, JE
Nichols, JD
Lyons, JE
Smith, DR
Kalasz, KS
Niles, LJ
Dey, AD
Clark, NA
Atkinson, PW
Minton, CDT
Kendall, W
AF McGowan, Conor P.
Hines, James E.
Nichols, James D.
Lyons, James E.
Smith, David R.
Kalasz, Kevin S.
Niles, Lawrence J.
Dey, Amanda D.
Clark, Nigel A.
Atkinson, Philip W.
Minton, Clive D. T.
Kendall, William
TI Demographic consequences of migratory stopover: linking red knot
survival to horseshoe crab spawning abundance
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE apparent survival; Calidris canutus; Limulus polyphemus; match/mismatch;
migration carry-over effects; multistate models; robust design
AB Understanding how events during one period of the annual cycle carry over to affect survival and other fitness components in other periods is essential to understanding migratory bird demography and conservation needs. Previous research has suggested that western Atlantic red knot (Calidris canutus rufa) populations are greatly affected by horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) egg availability at Delaware Bay stopover sites during their spring northward migration. We present a mass-based multistate, capture-recapture/resighting model linking (1) red knot stopover mass gain to horseshoe crab spawning abundance and (2) subsequent apparent annual survival to mass state at the time of departure from the Delaware Bay stopover area. The model and analysis use capture-recapture/resighting data with over 16,000 individual captures and 13,000 resightings collected in Delaware Bay over a 12 year period from 1997-2008, and the results are used to evaluate the central management hypothesis that red knot populations can be influenced by horseshoe crab harvest regulations as part of a larger adaptive management effort. Model selection statistics showed support for a positive relationship between horseshoe crab spawning abundance during the stopover and the probability of red knots gaining mass (parameter coefficient from the top model (b) over cap = 1.71, (SE) over cap = 0.46). Our analyses also supported the link between red knot mass and apparent annual survival, although average estimates for the two mass classes differed only slightly. The addition of arctic snow depth as a covariate influencing apparent survival improved the fit of the data to the models (parameter coefficient from the top model (b) over cap = 0.50, (SE) over cap = 0.08). Our results indicate that managing horseshoe crab resources in the Delaware Bay has the potential to improve red knot population status.
C1 [McGowan, Conor P.; Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.; Kendall, William] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Kalasz, Kevin S.] Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, Smyrna, DE 19977 USA.
[Niles, Lawrence J.] Conserve Wildlife Fdn New Jersey, Greenwich, NJ 08323 USA.
[Dey, Amanda D.] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Endangered & Nongame Species Program, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA.
[Minton, Clive D. T.] Victoria Wader Study Grp, Melbourne, Vic 3193, Australia.
RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey Science
Support Program
FX The authors thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and U.S.
Geological Survey Science Support Program for funding this work. We
thank S. Michels and B. Swan for coordinating the horseshoe crab
spawning survey and making those data available. We thank A. J. Baker,
J. A. Collazo, S. J. Converse, P. M. Gonzalez, B. Sandercock, H. P.
Sitters, J. Yoshizaki and two anonymous referees for reviewing and
helping us improve this manuscript. We are grateful for the dedicated
and sustained efforts of large numbers of volunteers from all over the
world who, over a 12 year period, carried out the red knot capture and
resighting activities on which this paper is based. The findings and
conclusions in this article do not represent the views of the U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. Use of product or firm names does not imply
endorsement by the U. S. Government.
NR 77
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Z9 8
U1 5
U2 23
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 6
AR UNSP art69
DI 10.1890/ES11-00106.1
PG 22
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30IW
UT WOS:000208810700005
ER
PT J
AU Munson, SM
Belnap, J
Schelz, CD
Moran, M
Carolin, TW
AF Munson, Seth M.
Belnap, Jayne
Schelz, Charles D.
Moran, Mary
Carolin, Tara W.
TI On the brink of change: plant responses to climate on the Colorado
Plateau
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE arid; climate change; national parks; plant canopy cover; plant
community composition; precipitation; southwestern United States;
temperature
AB The intensification of aridity due to anthropogenic climate change in the southwestern U. S. is likely to have a large impact on the growth and survival of plant species that may already be vulnerable to water stress. To make accurate predictions of plant responses to climate change, it is essential to determine the long-term dynamics of plant species associated with past climate conditions. Here we show how the plant species and functional types across a wide range of environmental conditions in Colorado Plateau national parks have changed with climate variability over the last twenty years. During this time, regional mean annual temperature increased by 0.18 degrees C per year from 1989-1995, 0.06 degrees C per year from 1995-2003, declined by 0.14 degrees C from 2003-2008, and there was high interannual variability in precipitation. Non-metric multidimensional scaling of plant species at long-term monitoring sites indicated five distinct plant communities. In many of the communities, canopy cover of perennial plants was sensitive to mean annual temperature occurring in the previous year, whereas canopy cover of annual plants responded to cool season precipitation. In the perennial grasslands, there was an overall decline of C-3 perennial grasses, no change of C-4 perennial grasses, and an increase of shrubs with increasing temperature. In the shrublands, shrubs generally showed no change or slightly increased with increasing temperature. However, certain shrub species declined where soil and physical characteristics of a site limited water availability. In the higher elevation woodlands, Juniperus osteosperma and shrub canopy cover increased with increasing temperature, while Pinus edulis at the highest elevation sites was unresponsive to interannual temperature variability. These results from well-protected national parks highlight the importance of temperature to plant responses in a water-limited region and suggest that projected increases in aridity are likely to promote grass loss and shrub expansion on the Colorado Plateau.
C1 [Munson, Seth M.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
[Schelz, Charles D.] Natl Pk Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA.
[Moran, Mary] Natl Pk Serv, Southeast Utah Grp, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
[Carolin, Tara W.] Natl Pk Serv, Crown Continent Res Learning Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S West Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
EM smunson@usgs.gov
FU USGS Ecosystems and Global Change Research Program
FX The National Park Service and grants from the USGS Ecosystems and Global
Change Research Program supported this work. We are grateful to past and
current NPS field crews for data collection and maintenance. Many thanks
to Mark Miller for soil characterization and helpful suggestions, Maegan
McKee and Aneth Wight for compiling park datasets, as well as Jana
Heisler-White, Christina Vojta, Heath Weaver, and anonymous reviewers of
earlier versions of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 45
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 22
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 6
AR UNSP art68
DI 10.1890/ES11-00059.1
PG 15
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30IW
UT WOS:000208810700004
ER
PT J
AU Reeves, MK
Perdue, M
Blakemore, GD
Rinella, DJ
Holyoak, M
AF Reeves, Mari K.
Perdue, Margaret
Blakemore, Gareth D.
Rinella, Daniel J.
Holyoak, Marcel
TI Twice as easy to catch? A toxicant and a predator cue cause additive
reductions in larval amphibian activity
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; amphibian; copper; frog; Lithobates sylvaticus; multiple
stressor; predator; toxicity; trait-mediated interaction; Rana sylvatica
AB Toxicants may harm predators or prey differentially, hindering clear determination of multiple stressor effects on predation dynamics in polluted aquatic systems. We built on a prior field study in which we demonstrated that a chemical contaminant, copper (Cu) and odonate predators were correlated with more frequent observations of skeletal abnormalities in Alaskan wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles. Our prior study established a multiple stressor effect linked to an important environmental phenomenon (malformed amphibians) but did not provide clear mechanisms that might guide management. We here investigated behavioral mechanisms because of their potential to produce large changes in predation dynamics, and because in published studies low concentrations of Cu produced behavioral changes in predator-detection in fish. Surprisingly, low but environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu (5 mu g/L) combined with chemical cues from a predator (Aeshna sitchensis) to produce large changes in the behavior of larval amphibians. Experiments demonstrated that a low concentration of Cu did not inhibit the ability of wood frog tadpoles to detect chemical cues of predators by olfactory means, but produced strong behavioral effects, causing tadpoles to reduce activity and alter microhabitat use. These results occurred with Cu at an exposure level lower than any we could find reported as toxic to amphibians in the literature. When Cu and predator cues were administered together, the activity reduction was additive and stronger at earlier life stages. We suggest that Cu intoxication would be disadvantageous to larval amphibian prey with prolonged exposure to predators during development, and we present field data from 2010 that support this assertion. Our study demonstrates the need to use sensitive behavioral assays and to investigate multiple stressor mechanisms to understand how multiple threats combine to affect organisms in nature.
C1 [Reeves, Mari K.; Perdue, Margaret; Blakemore, Gareth D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fisheries & Ecol Serv Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
[Reeves, Mari K.; Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Reeves, Mari K.; Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Reeves, MK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fisheries & Ecol Serv Off, 605 West 4th Ave,Room G-61, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
EM mari_reeves@fws.gov
OI Holyoak, Marcel/0000-0001-9727-3627
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Environmental Quality
FX M. L. Johnson, P. T. J. Johnson, S. P. Lawler, and A. Sih for help with
experimental design, analysis, and writing. D. Bogan for sampling of
periphyton and predatory invertebrates in field sites. This work was
funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of
Environmental Quality.
NR 70
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U1 3
U2 18
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 6
AR UNSP art72
DI 10.1890/ES11-00046.1
PG 20
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30IW
UT WOS:000208810700008
ER
PT J
AU Graham, J
Jarnevich, CS
Simpson, A
Newman, GJ
Stohlgren, TJ
AF Graham, Jim
Jarnevich, Catherine S.
Simpson, Annie
Newman, Gregory J.
Stohlgren, Thomas J.
TI Federated or cached searches: Providing expected performance from
multiple invasive species databases
SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE design; performance; invasive species; web services; databases;
federated search; search engine
ID UNITED-STATES; WEB SERVICES
AB Invasive species are a universal global problem, but the information to identify them, manage them, and prevent invasions is stored around the globe in a variety of formats. The Global Invasive Species Information Network is a consortium of organizations working toward providing seamless access to these disparate databases via the Internet. A distributed network of databases can be created using the Internet and a standard web service protocol. There are two options to provide this integration. First, federated searches are being proposed to allow users to search "deep" web documents such as databases for invasive species. A second method is to create a cache of data from the databases for searching. We compare these two methods, and show that federated searches will not provide the performance and flexibility required from users and a central cache of the datum are required to improve performance.
C1 [Graham, Jim; Newman, Gregory J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Jarnevich, Catherine S.; Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Simpson, Annie] US Geol Survey Headquarters, Reston, VA USA.
RP Graham, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM jim@nrel.colostate.edu
OI Simpson, Annie/0000-0001-8338-5134
FU US Geological Survey; USDA [CSREES-NRI-2008-35615-04666]
FX Funding was partly provided by the US Geological Survey National
Biologic Information Infrastructure (NBII) Invasive Species information
Node. Logistic support was provided by Colorado State University and the
US Geological Survey. Additional support and advice was provided by Dr.
Wei GAO and the Integrated Bioclimatic-Dynamic Modeling of Climate
Change Impacts on Agricultural & Invasive Plant Distributions in the
United States project funded by USDA CSREES-NRI-2008-35615-04666. Dr.
Thomas Stohlgren's contribution supported by U.S. Geologicd Invasive
Species Program, USGS Fort Collins Science Program, and USDA
CSREES-NRI-2008-35615-04666. We thank Michael Browne and Kyle Braak for
comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
government.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 2095-0195
EI 2095-0209
J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC
JI Front. Earth Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 2
BP 111
EP 119
DI 10.1007/s11707-011-0152-7
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 002SS
UT WOS:000308556000001
ER
PT J
AU York, P
Evangelista, P
Kumar, S
Graham, J
Flather, C
Stohlgren, T
AF York, Patricia
Evangelista, Paul
Kumar, Sunil
Graham, James
Flather, Curtis
Stohlgren, Thomas
TI A habitat overlap analysis derived from Maxent for Tamarisk and the
South-western Willow Flycatcher
SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Niche modeling; species interactions; Tamarisk; South-western Willow
Flycatcher; habitat overlap analysis
ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION;
NORTH-AMERICA; RESTORATION; SALTCEDAR; ECOLOGY; PREDICTION; MODELS; SPP.
AB Biologic control of the introduced and invasive, woody plant tamarisk (Tamarix spp, saltcedar) in south-western states is controversial because it affects habitat of the federally endangered South-western Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). These songbirds sometimes nest in tamarisk where floodplain-level invasion replaces native habitats. Biologic control, with the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongate), began along the Virgin River, Utah, in 2006, enhancing the need for comprehensive understanding of the tamarisk-flycatcher relationship. We used maximum entropy (Maxent) modeling to separately quantify the current extent of dense tamarisk habitat (>50% cover) and the potential extent of habitat available for E. traillii extimus within the studied watersheds. We used transformations of 2008 Landsat Thematic Mapper images and a digital elevation model as environmental input variables. Maxent models performed well for the flycatcher and tamarisk with Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) values of 0.960 and 0.982, respectively. Classification of thresholds and comparison of the two Maxent outputs indicated moderate spatial overlap between predicted suitable habitat for E. traillii extimus and predicted locations with dense tamarisk stands, where flycatcher habitat will potentially change flycatcher habitats. Dense tamarisk habitat comprised 500 km(2) within the study area, of which 11.4% was also modeled as potential habitat for E. traillii extimus. Potential habitat modeled for the flycatcher constituted 190 km(2), of which 30.7% also contained dense tamarisk habitat. Results showed that both native vegetation and dense tamarisk habitats exist in the study area and that most tamarisk infestations do not contain characteristics that satisfy the habitat requirements of E. traillii extimus. Based on this study, effective biologic control of Tamarix spp. may, in the short term, reduce suitable habitat available to E. traillii extimus, but also has the potential in the long term to increase suitable habitat if appropriate mixes of native woody vegetation replace tamarisk in biocontrol areas.
C1 [York, Patricia; Evangelista, Paul; Kumar, Sunil; Graham, James] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Flather, Curtis] US Forest Serv, Dept Agr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Stohlgren, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP York, P (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, 1499 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM pmyork0714@gmail.com
RI Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016; Flather,
Curtis/G-3577-2012
OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126
FU US Geological Survey
FX We wish to thank the US Geological Survey for funding and the Natural
Resources Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University for logistical
support. TJS contribution supported by US Geological Survey Invasive
Species Program, USGS Fort Collins Science Program, and USDA CSREES/NRI
2008-35615-04666. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
Government.
NR 54
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 52
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 2095-0195
J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC
JI Front. Earth Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 2
BP 120
EP 129
DI 10.1007/s11707-011-0154-5
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 002SS
UT WOS:000308556000002
ER
PT J
AU Liang, CT
Stohlgren, TJ
AF Liang, Christina T.
Stohlgren, Thomas J.
TI Habitat suitability of patch types: A case study of the Yosemite toad
SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE species distribution models; Maxent; habitat patch; patchy populations;
Yosemite toad; Anaxyrus canorus; Bufo canorus
ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES;
AMERICAN BULLFROG; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; SIERRA-NEVADA;
CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; POPULATIONS
AB Understanding patch variability is crucial in understanding the spatial population structure of wildlife species, especially for rare or threatened species. We used a well-tested maximum entropy species distribution model (Maxent) to map the Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus (= Bufo) canorus) in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. Twenty-six environmental variables were included in the model representing climate, topography, land cover type, and disturbance factors (e. g., distances to agricultural lands, fire perimeters, and timber harvest areas) throughout the historic range of the toad. We then took a novel approach to the study of spatially structured populations by applying the species-environmental matching model separately for 49 consistently occupied sites of the Yosemite toad compared to 27 intermittently occupied sites. We found that the distribution of the entire population was highly predictable (AUC = 0.95+/-0.03 SD), and associated with low slopes, specific vegetation types (wet meadow, alpine-dwarf shrub, montane chaparral, red fir, and subalpine conifer), and warm temperatures. The consistently occupied sites were also associated with these same factors, and they were also highly predictable (AUC = 0.95+/-0.05 SD). However, the intermittently occupied sites were associated with distance to fire perimeter, a slightly different response to vegetation types, distance to timber harvests, and a much broader set of aspect classes (AUC = 0.90+/-0.11 SD). We conclude that many studies of species distributions may benefit by modeling spatially structured populations separately. Modeling and monitoring consistently-occupied sites may provide a realistic snapshot of current species-environment relationships, important climatic and topographic patterns associated with species persistence patterns, and an understanding of the plasticity of the species to respond to varying climate regimes across its range. Meanwhile, modeling and monitoring of widely dispersing individuals and intermittently occupied sites may uncover environmental thresholds and human-related threats to population persistence.
C1 [Liang, Christina T.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Liang, Christina T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA.
[Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey Sci, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Liang, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM christinaliang@fs.fed.us
FU University of California at Davis
FX Data were provided by the Inyo National Forest, Sierra National Forest,
Stanislaus National Forest, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park, and
Yosemite National Park. We thank R. Grasso for assistance in classifying
Yosemite toad locations and S. Kumar for Maxent training. S. Kumar, T.
Holcombe, A. Lind, S. Lawler, and J. Quinn provided helpful reviews on
an earlier version of the manuscript. CTL funding was provided by the
University of California at Davis. TJS contribution supported by US
Geological Survey Invasive Species Program, USGS Fort Collins Science
Program, and USDA CSREES/NRI 2008-35615-04666. The Natural Resources
Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University provided logistical
support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 33
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 2095-0195
J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC
JI Front. Earth Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 2
BP 217
EP 228
DI 10.1007/s11707-011-0157-2
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 002SS
UT WOS:000308556000012
ER
PT J
AU Stafford, JD
Yetter, AP
Hine, CS
Smith, RV
Horath, MM
AF Stafford, Joshua D.
Yetter, Aaron P.
Hine, Christopher S.
Smith, Randolph V.
Horath, Michelle M.
TI Seed Abundance for Waterfowl in Wetlands Managed by the Illinois
Department of Natural Resources
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE habitat conservation; Illinois; moist-soil management; public lands;
waterfowl
ID TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; MOIST-SOIL
SEEDS; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; WINTER; FOODS; DUCKS; DETERIORATION;
MALLARDS; DENSITY
AB Managed wetlands on public lands in Illinois, United States, provide foraging habitats for migrating and wintering waterfowl. However, few studies have estimated abundances of waterfowl foods in mid-migration regions of North America, yet such information is needed to inform management and conservation decision-making. During 20052007, we used a multistage sampling design to estimate moist-soil plant seed production (kg/ha, dry mass) and energetic carrying capacity at sites managed by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and modeled variation in seed biomass. Average seed biomass among all sites ranged from 1,030.0 +/- 64.1 (SE) kg/ha in 2005 to 501.5 +/- 124.1 kg/ha in 2007. Our overall estimate (2005-2007) of moist-soil plant seed biomass was precise (691.3 +/- 56.4 kg/ha; CV: 8.2%), equaling 5,128 energetic use-days/ha. This value was similar to or slightly greater than previous estimates from other regions of North America and exceeded the estimate used the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture for waterfowl conservation planning (514 kg/ha). We formulated eight models to predict abundance of moist-soil plant seeds within sampled wetlands. The best approximating model included the number of desirable plant species within wetlands and study year. The second best model included the categorical effect of management intensity and indicated that, although variable, actively managed wetlands produced about 240 kg/ha more seed than those that were passively managed. As with other regions, wetland management practices that encourage diverse plant communities over monotypes and growth of early successional plants should yield substantial increases in waterfowl food abundances at Illinois Department of Natural Resources sites, especially given that only 27% of our study wetlands were actively managed. Such efforts would also help reduce deficits in energetic carrying capacity identified by the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture.
C1 [Stafford, Joshua D.; Yetter, Aaron P.; Hine, Christopher S.; Smith, Randolph V.; Horath, Michelle M.] Univ Illinois, Frank C Bellrose Waterfowl Res Ctr, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Havana, IL 62644 USA.
RP Stafford, JD (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, NPBL 2140 B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM joshua.stafford@sdstate.edu
RI Stafford, Joshua/H-4039-2011
FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Fund through the IDNR project
[W-43-R]
FX We thank the many IDNR site personnel that provided us access to their
sites and information on management practices. R. Marshalla, J.
Buhnerkempe, and D. Holm of the IDNR advised the project. Comments by
two anonymous reviewers improved our manuscript considerably. Funding
was provided by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Fund
administered through the IDNR project W-43-R.
NR 45
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 15
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 3
EP 11
DI 10.3996/092010-JFWM-034
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000002
ER
PT J
AU Hinck, JE
Chojnacki, K
Finger, S
Linder, G
Kilbride, K
AF Hinck, Jo Ellen
Chojnacki, Kimberly
Finger, Susan
Linder, Greg
Kilbride, Kevin
TI A Geospatial Approach to Identify Water Quality Issues for National
Wildlife Refuges in Oregon and Washington
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Clean Water Act; geographic information systems; National Wildlife
Refuge System; total maximum daily loads; trust resources; water quality
assessment
AB Many National Wildlife Refuges (Refuges) have impaired water quality resulting from historic and current land uses, upstream sources, and aerial pollutant deposition. Competing duties limit the time available for Refuge staff to identify and evaluate potential water quality issues. As a result, water quality-related issues may not be resolved until a problem has already arisen. This study developed a geospatial approach for identifying and prioritizing water quality issues affecting natural resources (including migratory birds and federally listed species) within Refuge boundaries. We assessed the location and status of streams pursuant to the Clean Water Act in relation to individual Refuges in Oregon and Washington, United States. Although twelve Refuges in Oregon (60%) and eight Refuges in Washington (40%) were assessed under the Clean Water Act, only 12% and 3% of total Refuge stream lengths were assessed, respectively. Very few assessed Refuge streams were not designated as impaired (0% in Oregon, 1% in Washington). Despite the low proportions of stream lengths assessed, most Refuges in Oregon (70%) and Washington (65%) are located in watersheds with approved total maximum daily loads. We developed summaries of current water quality issues for individual Refuges and identified large gaps for Refuge-specific water quality data and habitat utilization by sensitive species. We conclude that monitoring is warranted on many Refuges to better characterize water quality under the Clean Water Act.
C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Chojnacki, Kimberly; Finger, Susan; Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Kilbride, Kevin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Branch Refuge Biol, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM jhinck@usgs.gov
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 12
EP 21
DI 10.3996/112010-JFWM-043
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000003
ER
PT J
AU Ostrand, KG
Siepker, MJ
Wahl, DH
AF Ostrand, Kenneth G.
Siepker, Michael J.
Wahl, David H.
TI Effectiveness of Livewell Additives on Largemouth Bass Survival
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE competitive angling; largemouth bass; livewell; tournament; water
conditioners
ID RELEASE ANGLING TOURNAMENTS; BLACK BASS; FISHING TOURNAMENTS; SMALLMOUTH
BASS; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; STRIPED BASS; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT;
WATERS
AB Livewell conditions during competitive angling events are thought to affect fish mortality. We examined the effects of livewell additives on initial and delayed mortality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. We applied three treatments (salt, ice, or salt and ice) to livewells during tournaments conducted on lakes in Illinois, United States, as well as in laboratory and pond experiments designed to examine the effects of fish size and ambient water temperature on mortality. Fish were collected after tournament weigh-in procedures were completed and monitored for delayed mortality every 24 h for 5 d. Initial mortality did not differ among livewell additives during these field experiments. Although delayed mortality was high (35%), it was not significantly different among livewells that contained salt (56%), ice (48%), ice and salt (40%), and controls (30%). Additives administered during the laboratory experiments, at cool water temperatures, resulted in significantly lower delayed mortalities than those observed during the field experiments when ambient water temperatures were warmer. Initial and delayed mortality did not differ among livewell additives during the laboratory experiments. Larger fish in field experiments had significantly greater delayed mortality than smaller fish in the pond experiments even though initial and delayed mortality did not differ among livewell additives. Our results suggest that fish size and ambient water temperature have a greater influence on delayed mortality observed during competitive angling events than the specific livewell additives studied here.
C1 [Ostrand, Kenneth G.; Siepker, Michael J.; Wahl, David H.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Sam Parr Biol Stn, Kinmundy, IL 62854 USA.
RP Ostrand, KG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Physiol Program, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
EM kenneth_ostrand@fws.gov
FU Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Project [F-135-R]
FX This project benefited from the technical assistance of all tournament
sponsors and anglers, as well as Sam Parr and Kaskaskia Biological
Station staff. The Aquatic Ecology Discussion Group of the Kaskaskia
Biological Station provided helpful reviews on earlier drafts. This
research was supported by Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Project
F-135-R, administered by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources
(IDNR). S. Pallo, L. Dunham, and J. Ferencak coordinated activities with
the IDNR. R. Wagner (INHS) provided valuable administrative support.
Three anonymous reviewers and the Subject Editor provided comments that
improved an earlier version of this manuscript.
NR 27
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U1 0
U2 7
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 22
EP 28
DI 10.3996/092010-JFWM-037
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000004
ER
PT J
AU Halstead, BJ
Wylie, GD
Amarello, M
Smith, JJ
Thompson, ME
Routman, EJ
Casazza, ML
AF Halstead, Brian J.
Wylie, Glenn D.
Amarello, Melissa
Smith, Jeffrey J.
Thompson, Michelle E.
Routman, Eric J.
Casazza, Michael L.
TI Demography of the San Francisco Gartersnake in Coastal San Mateo County,
California
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE abundance; Bayesian analysis; California; Jolly-Seber model; population
trend; San Francisco gartersnake; snake; survival; Thamnophis sirtalis
tetrataenia
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; POPULATION; SNAKE; CONSERVATION;
SURVIVAL; DESIGN; ROBUST; MODEL
AB The San Francisco gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia has been federally listed as endangered since 1967, but little demographic information exists for this species. We examined the demography of a San Francisco gartersnake population on approximately 213 ha of California coastal prairie in San Mateo County, California, from 2007 to 2010. The best-supported mark-recapture model indicated annual variation in daily capture probabilities and annual survival rates. Abundance increased throughout the study period, with a mean total population from 2008 to 2010 of 443 (95% CI = 313-646) individuals. Annual survival was slightly greater than that of most other gartersnakes, with an annual probability of survival of 0.78 (0.55-0.95) in 2008-2009 and 0.75 (0.49-0.93) in 2009-2010. Mean annual per capita recruitment rates were 0.73 (0.02-2.50) in 2008-2009 and 0.47 (0.02-1.42) in 2009-2010. From 2008 to 2010, the probability of an increase in abundance at this site was 0.873, with an estimated increase of 115 (282 to 326) individuals. The estimated population growth rate in 2008-2009 was 1.52 (0.73-3.29) and in 2009-2010 was 1.21 (0.70-2.17). Although this population is probably stable or increasing in the short term, long-term studies of the status of the San Francisco gartersnake at other sites are required to estimate population trends and to elucidate mechanisms that promote the recovery of this charismatic member of our native herpetofauna.
C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Amarello, Melissa; Smith, Jeffrey J.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
[Thompson, Michelle E.; Routman, Eric J.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
EM bhalstead@usgs.gov
OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Science Foundation
FX We thank J. Powers for access to the study site, promotion of our study,
and assistance with logistics. Housing was provided by J. Wade and R.
Bennett of the Pescadero Conservation Alliance at their research station
at Gazos Creek. We thank many biological technicians and volunteers,
including J. Capps, S. Cloherty, K. Colgate, M. Feldner, B. Freiermuth,
E. Hellgren, D. Pearse, L. Pearse, M. Pilgrim, E. Taylor, Z. Thompson,
J. D. Willson, and C. Winne, for assistance in the field and
installation of traps and cover boards. P. Gore provided administrative
support. G. Fellers, M. Herzog, three anonymous reviewers, and the
Subject Editor provided valuable comments that improved an earlier
version of this manuscript. J. Powers, N. Smith, M. Smith, C. Bettner,
F. Andrews, and Mike of Santa Cruz Hydroponics and Organics donated all
cover board materials used in this project. Funding was provided by a
grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and a National Science
Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to M. A. Snakes were handled in
accordance with the University of California-Davis Animal Care and Use
Protocol 9699 and as stipulated in U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Recovery Permits TE-170403 (2007 and 2008), TE-020548-5, and California
Fish and Game Memorandum of Understanding (SC-009313, SC-009315).
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 7
U2 21
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 41
EP 48
DI 10.3996/012011-JFWM-009
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000006
ER
PT J
AU Bolenbaugh, JR
Krementz, DG
Lehnen, SE
AF Bolenbaugh, Jason R.
Krementz, David G.
Lehnen, Sarah E.
TI Secretive Marsh Bird Species Co-Occurrences and Habitat Associations
Across the Midwest, USA
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE marsh bird; Midwest; occupancy; abundance; habitat use; wetland; species
co-occurrence
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; PRESENCE-ABSENCE
DATA; NEW-YORK; ABUNDANCE; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGY; IOWA
AB Because secretive marsh birds are difficult to detect, population status and habitat use for these birds are not well known. We conducted repeated surveys for secretive marsh birds across 264 sites in the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Joint Venture region to estimate abundance, occupancy, and detection probabilities during the 2008 and 2009 breeding seasons. We identified species groups based on observed species co-occurrences. Two species, least bittern Ixobrychus exilis and American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus, co-occurred with other species less often than expected by chance, and two species groups, rails (Virginia rail Rallus limicola and sora Porzana carolina) and open-water birds (pied-billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps, common moorhen Gallinula chloropus, and American coot Fulica americana; coots were only surveyed in 2009), co-occurred more often than expected by chance. These groupings were consistent between years. We then estimated the relation of these species and groups to landscape and local site characteristics by using zero-inflated abundance models that accounted for incomplete detection. At the landscape level (5-km radius), the amount of emergent herbaceous wetland was positively associated with least bittern occupancy, whereas the amount of woody wetland was negatively associated with least bittern, rail, and open-water bird occupancy. At the local level, habitat variables that were associated with abundance were not consistent among groups or between years, with the exception that both least bitterns and open-water birds had a strong positive association between abundance and water-vegetation interspersion. Land managers interested in marsh bird management or conservation may want to consider focusing efforts on landscapes with high amounts of emergent herbaceous wetland and low amounts of woody wetland, and managing for high amounts of water-vegetation interspersion within the wetland.
C1 [Krementz, David G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
RP Krementz, DG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
EM krementz@uark.edu
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Birds; U.S.
Geological Survey Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Division of Migratory Birds and the U.S. Geological Survey
Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit.
NR 56
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Z9 7
U1 2
U2 47
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 49
EP 60
DI 10.3996/012011-JFWM-001
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000007
ER
PT J
AU Hanson, KC
Gale, WL
Simpson, WG
Kennedy, BM
Ostrand, KG
AF Hanson, Kyle C.
Gale, William L.
Simpson, William G.
Kennedy, Benjamen M.
Ostrand, Kenneth G.
TI Physiological Characterization of Hatchery-Origin Juvenile Steelhead
Oncorhynchus mykiss Adopting Divergent Life-History Strategies
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE smoltification; physiology; Na+,K+-ATPase activity; Na+,K+-ATPase
alpha-subunit expression; residual salmon; hatchery management
ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; K+ ATPASE ACTIVITY; ATLANTIC
SALMON; COHO SALMON; NA+,K+,2CL(-) COTRANSPORTER; SEAWATER TOLERANCE;
SMOLT DEVELOPMENT; REARED STEELHEAD; GROWTH-HORMONE
AB Smoltification by juvenile Pacific salmonids has been described as a developmental conflict whereby individuals face several life-history decisions. Smoltification occurs as a result of interactions between organismal condition and environmental cues, although some fish may forgo ocean migration and remain in freshwater streams for some time (residualize). We compared the physiological profiles of steelhead that were actively migrating to the ocean (migratory fish) and those that remained in fresh water (residuals) for at least a period of between 2 wk and 3 mo after release from a hatchery facility. In addition, we investigated the physiological characterization of residuals that further differentiated into precocial freshwater residents or parr that will either precocially mature in fresh water or migrate to the ocean in the future. Residuals had higher condition factors and gonadosomatic index than migratory fish and were characterized as less prepared for saltwater due to low levels of gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and Na+,K+-ATPase alpha 1b-subunit expression. Residuals tended to be males with the highest condition factors. Sex-specific differences are probably reflective of male fish adopting an alternative life-history strategy foregoing outmigration as a result of condition at the time of release. Collection of residuals throughout the fall suggested that residual hatchery fish further diversify into precocially mature fish that will presumably attempt to spawn without ever migrating to the ocean or into parr that will precocially mature or migrate in a future year.
C1 [Hanson, Kyle C.; Gale, William L.; Simpson, William G.; Kennedy, Benjamen M.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
EM kyle_hanson@fws.gov
FU Bonneville Power Administration
FX Data collection and reporting for 2007 were funded through the
Bonneville Power Administration. We thank Jeff Poole and John Holmes for
spawning, handling, and maintaining hatchery brood stock and their
progeny. We thank the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for
maintaining the screwtrap on Abernathy Creek for collection of migrating
smolts. We also thank Patty Crandell and four anonymous reviewers for
commenting on an earlier version of this manuscript.
NR 62
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 17
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 61
EP 71
DI 10.3996/092010-JFWM-032
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000008
ER
PT J
AU Smith, CT
Reid, SB
Godfrey, L
Ardren, WR
AF Smith, Christian T.
Reid, Stewart B.
Godfrey, Lindsay
Ardren, William R.
TI Gene Flow Among Modoc Sucker and Sacramento Sucker Populations in the
Upper Pit River, California and Oregon
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE migration; microsatellite; endangered species; suckers; hybrid
ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; HYBRIDS; INTROGRESSION; HYBRIDIZATION; EXTINCTION;
CATOSTOMUS; DISTANCES; EVOLUTION; SOFTWARE; PROGRAM
AB The Modoc sucker Catostomus microps received legal protection in the United States based partially on concerns that anthropogenic environmental changes had restricted migration among populations and catalyzed hybridization with a more abundant congener, the Sacramento sucker Catostomus occidentalis. We applied eight microsatellite markers to samples of both species collected from two tributaries to the Pit River, California (Ash Creek and Turner Creek), and one tributary of Goose Lake, Oregon (Thomas Creek). Modoc sucker populations in these three tributaries seemed to be largely isolated from one another: gene flow between Ash Creek and Turner Creek was no greater than that among these two creeks and Thomas Creek. In contrast, divergence estimates among collections of Sacramento suckers indicated greater gene flow between Ash Creek and Turner Creek than between either of these creeks and Thomas Creek. Samples collected at a single site (Ash Valley) were identified based on morphology as Modoc suckers, but genetic data suggested they were much more similar to Sacramento suckers. Interspecific hybrids were detected in all three tributaries. Collections of Modoc suckers yielded 0.0-3.9% hybrids, and collections of Sacramento suckers yielded 0.0-80.0% hybrids. The two collections with the greatest proportions of hybrids (54.5 and 80.0%) were both from tributaries to lower Thomas Creek, and neither of these tributaries is thought to have upstream populations of Modoc suckers. Based on 1) low levels of hybrid detection in all three tributaries, 2) the absence of hybrids from typical parental habitats (upstream habitats for Modoc suckers and Pit River mainstem for Sacramento suckers), and 3) highly significant RST (variance in allele size) values between the species, we conclude that hybridization is common but that significant introgression (i.e., loss of parental genotypes) has not occurred. We also note that hybridization, and subsequent introgression, may become a conservation concern in such cases when the habitat of one or both of these species is eliminated or modified.
C1 [Smith, Christian T.; Godfrey, Lindsay; Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
[Reid, Stewart B.] Western Fishes, Ashland, OR 97520 USA.
RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
EM christian_smith@fws.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX This work was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of
trade, product, website, or firm names in this publication is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 31
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 72
EP 84
DI 10.3996/022010-JFWM-003
PG 13
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000009
ER
PT J
AU Brady, TR
Aloisi, D
Gordon, R
Wege, G
AF Brady, Tony R.
Aloisi, Doug
Gordon, Roger
Wege, Gary
TI A Method for Culturing Mussels Using In-River Cages
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE freshwater mussels; endangered mussels; Lampsilis higginsi; culture;
cages
ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS
AB A variety of techniques have been used since the early 1900s to produce mussels for augmenting depleted populations, including the use of wire-covered crates to house fish bearing mussel larvae. Here we describe a modification of earlier techniques, which provides a viable, low-cost method for producing large numbers of mussels. Aluminum-framed cages covered with commercially available hardware cloth are used to confine glochidia-bearing fish. Juvenile mussels then excyst off the host fish, and fall to the substrate-covered cage bottom, which protects the mussels from predation until they mature into subadult mussels. To date, seven species of mussels totaling over 57,100 2- and 3-y-old mussels have been reared in these culture cages.
C1 [Brady, Tony R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA.
[Aloisi, Doug] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Geno, WI 54632 USA.
[Gordon, Roger] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Elmira, MI 49730 USA.
[Wege, Gary] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Twin Cities Field Off, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA.
RP Brady, TR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 615 S Dr, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA.
EM tony_brady@fws.gov
FU U.S. Army Corp of Engineers St. Paul and Rock Island Districts; U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service's Twin Cities Ecological Services Office
FX We would like to thank the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers St. Paul and Rock
Island Districts and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Twin Cities
Ecological Services Office for funding for this project.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 5
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 85
EP 89
DI 10.3996/102009-JFWM-017
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000010
ER
PT J
AU Brignon, WR
Davis, MB
Olson, DE
Schaller, HA
Schreck, CB
AF Brignon, William R.
Davis, M. Brian
Olson, Douglas E.
Schaller, Howard A.
Schreck, Carl B.
TI Snorkelers' In-Water Observations Can Alter Salmonid Behavior
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE fish behavior; salmonids; snorkel survey
ID ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC SALMON; MICROHABITAT USE; PREDATOR
INSPECTION; JUVENILE CHINOOK; RAINBOW-TROUT; STREAM FISHES; COHO SALMON;
BROWN TROUT; HABITAT
AB Direct underwater observation techniques (e. g., snorkel surveys) are widely used in fisheries science. Data collected from these surveys are used to estimate species abundance, detect presence and absence, and construct statistical models that predict microhabitat use and nonuse. To produce an unbiased estimate or model, fish should ideally behave as if there were no observer present. We conducted a study using underwater video to test whether snorkeling can elicit a change in fish behavior. Four behavioral metrics were measured: upstream movement, downstream movement, total movement, and number of fish in the field-of-view. Significant differences were detected in upstream, downstream, and total movements as a function of the in-water observer. These results suggest that an in-water observer can disturb fish, resulting in altered behavior, which in turn may bias study results. We suggest researchers use caution in making inferences to an entire population when data-collection methods have potential to bias fish behavior.
C1 [Brignon, William R.; Davis, M. Brian; Olson, Douglas E.; Schaller, Howard A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[Brignon, William R.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Brignon, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM bill_brignon@fws.gov
NR 31
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 11
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 90
EP 98
DI 10.3996/052010-JFWM-012
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000011
ER
PT J
AU Naidu, A
Smythe, LA
Thompson, RW
Culver, M
AF Naidu, Ashwin
Smythe, Lindsay A.
Thompson, Ron W.
Culver, Melanie
TI Genetic Analysis of Scats Reveals Minimum Number and Sex of Recently
Documented Mountain Lions
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Puma concolor; Arizona; noninvasive genetics; identification; species;
individual; sex
ID PUMA PUMA-CONCOLOR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; AMERICAN PUMA; POPULATIONS;
IDENTITY; ARIZONA; SUCCESS; SAMPLES; FLOW
AB Recent records of mountain lions Puma concolor and concurrent declines in desert bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis mexicana on Kofa National Wildlife Refuge in Arizona, United States, have prompted investigations to estimate the number of mountain lions occurring there. We performed noninvasive genetic analyses and identified species, individuals, and sex from scat samples collected from the Kofa and Castle Dome Mountains. From 105 scats collected, we identified a minimum of 11 individual mountain lions. These individuals consisted of six males, two females and three of unknown sex. Three of the 11 mountain lions were identified multiple times over the study period. These estimates supplement previously recorded information on mountain lions in an area where they were historically considered only transient. We demonstrate that noninvasive genetic techniques, especially when used in conjunction with camera-trap and radiocollaring methods, can provide additional and reliable information to wildlife managers, particularly on secretive species like the mountain lion.
C1 [Naidu, Ashwin; Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Smythe, Lindsay A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA.
[Thompson, Ron W.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA.
RP Naidu, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1311 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM ashwin@email.arizona.edu
RI Naidu, Ashwin/B-3394-2011
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Desert Bighorn Council; Arizona Desert
Bighorn Sheep Society
FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding this project
through the Science Support Program and for providing logistic and
biological support. We also thank the AGFD for collaboration and
research assistance. We are grateful to the Desert Bighorn Council for
their support during the project and the Arizona Desert Bighorn Sheep
Society for their desire to continue with support in the future to
expand this project regionally through the use of the Special Big Game
Tag Fund. We extend our personal thanks to members of the Conservation
Genetics Laboratory and University of Arizona Genetics Core members to
have assisted us in laboratory and data analyses. Special thanks to R.
Henry, S. Henry, R. Law, B. Jansen, M. Overstreet, P. Kanukurti, R.
Fitak, C. Richins, R. Celaya, J. Feltner, R. Fuentes, A. Giordano and S.
Bogner for their assistance in field and laboratory work. Finally, we
wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for critical review of this
manuscript and their input toward its publication.
NR 26
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 16
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 106
EP 111
DI 10.3996/042010-JFWM-008
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044MX
UT WOS:000311625000013
ER
PT J
AU Meyers, JM
AF Meyers, J. Michael
TI Population Densities of Painted Buntings in the Southeastern United
States
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
AB The eastern population trend of Passerina ciris (Painted Bunting) declined 3.5% annually during the first 30 yrs of the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS, 1966-1996). Recently, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed Painted Buntings as a focal species. Surveys for this focal species for the next 10 yrs (BBS, 1997-2007), however, are too low (< 1 bird per 50 stops) for determining trend estimates. Also, to monitor densities adequately, surveys should account for incomplete detections. I surveyed singing Painted Buntings from 13 May to 26 June 2003 at 582 point counts (50 randomly selected transects) within blocks (64 x 64 km) in coastal and river areas from Florida to North Carolina. I compared densities of Painted Buntings for major habitats. Painted Buntings were detected at 33.5% of points surveyed for 5 min. Densities varied from 9 singing males per km(2) in young pine plantations to 42 per km(2) in maritime shrub. Effective detection radii for habitats varied from 64 to 90 m and were slightly higher in developed than in undeveloped habitats. Distance sampling is recommended to determine densities of Painted Buntings; however, large sample sizes (70-100 detections/habitat type) are required to monitor Painted Bunting densities in most habitats in the Atlantic coastal region of the southeastern United States. Special attention should be given to maritime shrub habitats, which may be important to maintaining the Painted Bunting population in the southeastern US.
C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Meyers, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM jmeyers@warnell.uga.edu
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 4
FX United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 4, provided partial
funding for this project. K. Bettinger assisted with field work and
managed data. J. Peterson, J. Kubel, and two anonymous reviewers
provided helpful comments and suggestions for the manuscript that
improved the final draft. J. Nichols inspired me to conduct this
monitoring research. I thank my colleagues of the Eastern Painted
Bunting Working Group for discussions, which also helped me develop
ideas for this monitoring research project. K. Chapman of the USFWS
assisted with administration of the project. Many persons facilitated
permits for surveys at parks, wildlife management areas, and refuges,
and their help was important to completing this project during a period
of special care for my terminally ill mother, Jane Rojahn Meyers.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 10
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 2
BP 345
EP 356
DI 10.1656/058.010.0213
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 976SS
UT WOS:000306605700013
ER
PT J
AU Berdeen, JB
Otis, DL
AF Berdeen, James B.
Otis, David L.
TI Rapid Change in the Defense of Flightless Young by a Mourning Dove
Parent
SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID INVESTMENT; AGE
AB We report that an adult-sized Zenaida macroura (Mourning Dove), presumably a parent, rapidly decreased risk taken in defense of a juvenile as the likelihood of predation to the juvenile increased. We attribute this decrease in risk taken to (1) the parent's perception that the risk of predation had increased to the extent that a continuation of defensive behaviors would not prevent the death of the juvenile, and (2) its attempt to minimize its own risk of death. It may be that there is a threshold beyond which Mourning Dove parents will forgo the risk of additional defense of offspring in favor of making another reproductive attempt.
C1 [Berdeen, James B.] Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Otis, David L.] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Berdeen, JB (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, 102 23rd St NE, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA.
EM james.berdeen@gmail.com
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Webless Migratory Upland Game Bird Research
Fund; USGS - Biological Resources Division South Carolina Cooperative
Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources; South Carolina Public Service Authority; Clemson University;
Safari Club International
FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife
Service Webless Migratory Upland Game Bird Research Fund, USGS -
Biological Resources Division South Carolina Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources,
South Carolina Public Service Authority (Santee Cooper), Clemson
University, and Safari Club International. Logistical support was
provided by Santee NWR personnel. We thank K. Sughrue for her assistance
with this phase of the research project. D. Rave and K. Sughrue provided
helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1528-7092
J9 SOUTHEAST NAT
JI Southeast. Nat.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 2
BP 374
EP 377
DI 10.1656/058.010.0217
PG 4
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 976SS
UT WOS:000306605700017
ER
PT J
AU Batts, W
Yun, S
Hedrick, R
Winton, J
AF Batts, William
Yun, Susan
Hedrick, Ronald
Winton, James
TI A novel member of the family Hepeviridae from cutthroat trout
(Oncorhynchus clarkii)
SO VIRUS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Hepatitis E; Persistent infection; Trout; Fish virus
ID HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS;
VIRAL-HEPATITIS; PREGNANCY; HEV; INFECTION; MYKISS
AB Beginning in 1988, the Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cell line was used to isolate a novel virus from spawning adult trout in the state of California, USA. Termed the cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) virus (DV), the small, round virus was not associated with disease, but was subsequently found to be present in an increasing number of trout populations in the western USA, likely by a combination of improved surveillance activities and the shipment of infected eggs to new locations. Here, we report that the full length genome of the 1988 Heenan Lake isolate of DV consisted of 7269 nucleotides of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA beginning with a 5' untranslated region (UTR), followed by three open reading frames (ORFs), a 3' UTR and ending in a polyA tail. The genome of DV was similar in size and organization to that of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) with which it shared the highest nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities. Similar to the genomes of human, rodent or avian hepeviruses, ORF 1 encoded a large, non-structural polyprotein that included conserved methyltransferase, protease, helicase and polymerase domains, while ORF 2 encoded the structural capsid protein and ORF 3 the phosphoprotein. Together, our data indicated that DV was clearly a member of the family Hepeviridae, although the level of amino acid sequence identity with the ORFs of mammalian or avian hepeviruses (13-27%) may be sufficiently low to warrant the creation of a novel genus. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis using a 262 nt region within ORF 1 for 63 isolates of DV obtained from seven species of trout reared in various geographic locations in the western USA. While the sequences fell into two genetic clades, the overall nucleotide diversity was low (less than 8.4%) and many isolates differed by only 1-2 nucleotides, suggesting an epidemiological link. Finally, we showed that DV was able to form persistently infected cultures of the CHSE-214 cell line that may have use in research on the biology or treatment of hepevirus infections of humans or other animals. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Batts, William; Winton, James] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Yun, Susan; Hedrick, Ronald] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Winton, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM bbatts@usgs.gov; scyun@ucdavis.edu; rphedrick@ucdavis.edu;
jwinton@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Government
FX The authors are grateful to the fish health experts in the Western USA
who provided isolates of DV for this study. Dr. Graham Young of the
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington
and Dr. Penny Swanson of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration provided helpful
advice on the reproductive endocrinology of teleosts. We also thank two
anonymous reviewers for suggestions that substantially improved the
manuscript. This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. Mention
of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 38
TC 88
Z9 91
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1702
J9 VIRUS RES
JI Virus Res.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 1-2
BP 116
EP 123
DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.03.019
PG 8
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 783JM
UT WOS:000292077300015
PM 21458509
ER
PT J
AU Dettinger, MD
Ralph, FM
Das, T
Neiman, PJ
Cayan, DR
AF Dettinger, Michael D.
Ralph, Fred Martin
Das, Tapash
Neiman, Paul J.
Cayan, Daniel R.
TI Atmospheric Rivers, Floods and the Water Resources of California
SO WATER
LA English
DT Article
DE precipitation; floods; water supply; California; atmospheric rivers
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; PACIFIC-OCEAN;
PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; CLIMATE; FLUXES; MOISTURE;
IMPACTS
AB California's highly variable climate and growing water demands combine to pose both water-supply and flood-hazard challenges to resource managers. Recently important efforts to more fully integrate the management of floods and water resources have begun, with the aim of benefitting both sectors. California is shown here to experience unusually large variations in annual precipitation and streamflow totals relative to the rest of the US, variations which mostly reflect the unusually small average number of wet days per year needed to accumulate most of its annual precipitation totals (ranging from 5 to 15 days in California). Thus whether just a few large storms arrive or fail to arrive in California can be the difference between a banner year and a drought. Furthermore California receives some of the largest 3-day storm totals in the country, rivaling in this regard the hurricane belt of the southeastern US. California's largest storms are generally fueled by landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs). The fractions of precipitation and streamflow totals at stations across the US that are associated with ARs are documented here and, in California, contribute 20-50% of the state's precipitation and streamflow. Prospects for long-lead forecasts of these fractions are presented. From a meteorological perspective, California's water resources and floods are shown to derive from the same storms to an extent that makes integrated flood and water resources management all the more important.
C1 [Dettinger, Michael D.; Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Ralph, Fred Martin; Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Dettinger, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM mddettin@usgs.gov; marty.ralph@noaa.gov; tadas@ucsd.edu;
paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov; dcayan@ucsd.edu
NR 36
TC 130
Z9 131
U1 12
U2 82
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2073-4441
J9 WATER-SUI
JI Water
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 2
BP 445
EP 478
DI 10.3390/w3020445
PG 34
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 053EW
UT WOS:000312254700001
ER
PT J
AU Bain, DJ
Arrigo, JAS
Green, MB
Pellerin, BA
Vorosmarty, CJ
AF Bain, Daniel J.
Arrigo, Jennifer A. S.
Green, Mark B.
Pellerin, Brian A.
Voeroesmarty, Charles J.
TI Historical Legacies, Information and Contemporary Water Science and
Management
SO WATER
LA English
DT Article
DE retrospective assessment; detection; attribution; hydrologic history
ID RIVER RESTORATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DAM REMOVAL; NEW-ENGLAND;
RECONSTRUCTIONS; OPPORTUNITIES; URBANIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; AGRICULTURE;
NITROGEN
AB Hydrologic science has largely built its understanding of the hydrologic cycle using contemporary data sources (i.e., last 100 years). However, as we try to meet water demand over the next 100 years at scales from local to global, we need to expand our scope and embrace other data that address human activities and the alteration of hydrologic systems. For example, the accumulation of human impacts on water systems requires exploration of incompletely documented eras. When examining these historical periods, basic questions relevant to modern systems arise: (1) How is better information incorporated into water management strategies? (2) Does any point in the past (e.g., colonial/pre-European conditions in North America) provide a suitable restoration target? and (3) How can understanding legacies improve our ability to plan for future conditions? Beginning to answer these questions indicates the vital need to incorporate disparate data and less accepted methods to meet looming water management challenges.
C1 [Bain, Daniel J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
[Arrigo, Jennifer A. S.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
[Green, Mark B.; Voeroesmarty, Charles J.] CUNY City Coll, CUNY Environm Cross Rd Initiat, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Green, Mark B.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA.
[Pellerin, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95810 USA.
RP Bain, DJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 200 SRCC,4107 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
EM dbain@pitt.edu; arrigoj@ecu.edu; mbgreen@plymouth.edu; bpeller@usgs.gov;
cvorosmarty@ccny.cuny.edu
RI Bain, Daniel/G-3055-2013
FU NSF-EAR [0854957]; University of Pittsburgh College of Arts and Sciences
FX Thanks to Caroline Hermans, Chris Pastore, and two anonymous reviewers
for helpful reviews of this manuscript. This work is funded by NSF-EAR
Grant #0854957 to the City University of New York and by the University
of Pittsburgh College of Arts and Sciences.
NR 47
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U1 0
U2 30
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2073-4441
J9 WATER-SUI
JI Water
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 2
BP 566
EP 575
DI 10.3390/w3020566
PG 10
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 053EW
UT WOS:000312254700006
ER
PT J
AU Refsnider, JM
Mitchell, TS
Streby, HM
Strickland, JT
Warner, DA
Janzen, FJ
AF Refsnider, Jeanine M.
Mitchell, Timothy S.
Streby, Henry M.
Strickland, Jeramie T.
Warner, Daniel A.
Janzen, Fredric J.
TI A Generalized Method to Determine Detectability of Rare and Cryptic
Species Using the Ornate Box Turtle as a Model
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE detectability; detection probability; Illinois; mark-recapture; ornate
box turtle; radiotelemetry; sand prairie; Terrapene ornata;
visual-encounter survey
AB Estimates regarding population parameters are often based on data from surveys. To ensure that such estimates are as accurate as possible, it is important to know the detectability resulting from the particular survey method used. We used radiotelemetry to measure detectability of ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata), using visual-encounter surveys in a sand prairie in northwestern Illinois, USA. We found that the overall detection probability of visual-encounter surveys was 0.03, and our high frequency of nondetection was due to a failure to detect visible turtles rather than turtles being underground or hidden in dense vegetation. Despite the substantial population density at our study site, visual-encounter surveys failed to detect box turtles on most visits, which resulted in a prohibitively high number of surveys that would be required to accurately estimate population size or to infer absence of the species from a site. Our method of using radiotelemetry to measure detection probability of a survey method could be easily applied to other small, cryptic, or rare species. However, our low detection probability and high frequency of nondetections recommend against use of visual-encounter surveys alone in estimating population parameters for ornate box turtles. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Refsnider, Jeanine M.; Mitchell, Timothy S.; Warner, Daniel A.; Janzen, Fredric J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Streby, Henry M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Strickland, Jeramie T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Mississippi River Natl Wildlife Refuge, Thomson, IL 61285 USA.
RP Refsnider, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM refsnij@iastate.edu
FU Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife Fish Refuge; NSF [DEB-0640932]
FX Funding for this research was provided by the Upper Mississippi River
National Wildlife & Fish Refuge and NSF DEB-0640932 and supplements (to
F.J.J.). Research was conducted in accordance with Illinois Department
of Natural Resources permits no. 04-9S and NH10.0073. The authors thank
T. Radzio, I. Tapia, C. Tucker, and the many members of the 2010 Turtle
Camp research crew who conducted the visual-encounter surveys. We also
thank E. Britton, K. Buhlmann, P. Heglund, J. Maerz, an anonymous
reviewer, and members of the Janzen laboratory for comments on earlier
drafts of the manuscript.
NR 34
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U1 2
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1938-5463
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 35
IS 2
BP 93
EP 100
DI 10.1002/wsb.14
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA V38GU
UT WOS:000209332700008
ER
PT J
AU Ausband, DE
Young, J
Fannin, B
Mitchell, MS
Stenglein, JL
Waits, LP
Shivik, JA
AF Ausband, David E.
Young, Julie
Fannin, Barbara
Mitchell, Michael S.
Stenglein, Jennifer L.
Waits, Lisette P.
Shivik, John A.
TI Hair of the Dog: Obtaining Samples From Coyotes and Wolves Noninvasively
SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Canis latrans; Canis lupus; coyote; DNA; gray wolf; monitoring;
noninvasive sampling
AB Canids can be difficult to detect and their populations difficult to monitor. We tested whether hair samples could be collected from coyotes (Canis latrans) in Texas, USA and gray wolves (C. lupus) in Montana, USA using lure to elicit rubbing behavior at both man-made and natural collection devices. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to determine whether collected hair samples were from coyote, wolf, or nontarget species. Both coyotes and wolves rubbed on man-made barbed surfaces but coyotes in Texas seldom rubbed on hanging barbed surfaces. Wolves in Montana showed a tendency to rub at stations where natural-material collection devices (sticks and debris) were present. Time to detection was relatively short (5 nights and 4 nights for coyotes and wolves, respectively) with nontarget and unknown species comprising approximately 26% of the detections in both locations. Eliciting rubbing behavior from coyotes and wolves using lures has advantages over opportunistic genetic sampling methods (e.g., scat transects) because it elicits a behavior that deposits a hair sample at a fixed sampling location, thereby increasing the efficiency of sampling for these canids. Hair samples from rub stations could be used to provide estimates of abundance, measures of genetic diversity and health, and detection-nondetection data useful for cost-effective population monitoring. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Ausband, David E.; Fannin, Barbara] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Young, Julie] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Stenglein, Jennifer L.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Shivik, John A.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Ausband, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM david.ausband@mso.umt.edu
RI Young, Julie/H-6147-2011
FU Wolf Recovery Foundation; Wilburforce Foundation; Department of Fish and
Game; Nez Perce Tribe; Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal
Welfare; National Wildlife Research Center; Sigma Xi; Rob and Bessie
Welder Wildlife Foundation; Leonard X. Bosack and Bette M. Kruger
Foundation
FX Funding was provided by the Wolf Recovery Foundation, Wilburforce
Foundation, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Nez Perce Tribe, Regina
Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare, National Wildlife
Research Center, Sigma Xi, Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation,
and Leonard X. Bosack and Bette M. Kruger Foundation. Specifically, we
thank L. Bradley, S. Brummer, J. Cox, J. Derbridge, R. Flatz, K. Holt,
C. Mack, B. Martinez, R. Maughan, M. Panasci, C. Sime, C. Stansbury, J.
Winans, and P. Zager for assistance and advice. We also thank D. Spicer
and J. Husseman for early manuscript reviews. Anonymous reviewers
greatly contributed to the strength of this manuscript and we appreciate
their thorough reviews. This is Welder Wildlife Foundation Contribution
697.
NR 40
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U1 4
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1938-5463
J9 WILDLIFE SOC B
JI Wildl. Soc. Bull.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 35
IS 2
BP 105
EP 111
DI 10.1002/wsb.23
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA V38GU
UT WOS:000209332700010
ER
PT J
AU White, JD
Gutzwiller, KJ
Barrow, WC
Johnson-Randall, L
Zygo, L
Swint, P
AF White, Joseph D.
Gutzwiller, Kevin J.
Barrow, Wylie C.
Johnson-Randall, Lori
Zygo, Lisa
Swint, Pamela
TI Understanding Interaction Effects of Climate Change and Fire Management
on Bird Distributions through Combined Process and Habitat Models
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; conservation planning; desert birds; ecosystem modeling;
fire suppression
ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION;
ASSOCIATIONS; LANDSCAPES; RADIATION; IMPACTS
AB Avian conservation efforts must account for changes in vegetation composition and structure associated with climate change. We modeled vegetation change and the probability of occurrence of birds to project changes in winter bird distributions associated with climate change and fire management in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (southwestern U.S.A.). We simulated vegetation change in a process-based model (Landscape and Fire Simulator) in which anticipated climate change was associated with doubling of current atmospheric carbon dioxide over the next 50 years. We estimated the relative probability of bird occurrence on the basis of statistical models derived from field observations of birds and data on vegetation type, topography, and roads. We selected 3 focal species, Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), and Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus), that had a range of probabilities of occurrence for our study area. Our simulations projected increases in relative probability of bird occurrence in shrubland and decreases in grassland and Yucca spp. and ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) vegetation. Generally, the relative probability of occurrence of all 3 species was highest in shrubland because leaf-area index values were lower in shrubland. This high probability of occurrence likely is related to the species' use of open vegetation for foraging. Fire suppression had little effect on projected vegetation composition because as climate changed there was less fuel and burned area. Our results show that if future water limits on plant type are considered, models that incorporate spatial data may suggest how and where different species of birds may respond to vegetation changes.
C1 [White, Joseph D.; Gutzwiller, Kevin J.; Swint, Pamela] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA.
[Barrow, Wylie C.; Johnson-Randall, Lori] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Zygo, Lisa] Baylor Univ, Ctr Spatial Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA.
RP White, JD (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, 1 Bear Pl 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA.
EM joseph_d_white@baylor.edu
FU Baylor University; USGS-BRD [99CRAG0013]
FX We thank National Park Service personnel, specifically R. Skiles, J.
Morlock, and R. Gatewood, who provided logistical and scientific input.
We thank B. S. Cade and S. K. Riffell for discussions about statistical
analyses, and E. Fleishman, N. Horning, R. S. Mordecai, D. Vodopich, and
2 anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments during preparation of
the manuscript. This work was supported by Baylor University and a U.S.
Geological Survey Global Change Project funded as a Cooperative
Agreement between Baylor University and the USGS-BRD (99CRAG0013). Any
use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only
and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 42
TC 3
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U1 7
U2 44
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 3
BP 536
EP 546
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 762PK
UT WOS:000290491700016
PM 21535146
ER
PT J
AU Bolliger, J
Edwards, TC
Eggenberg, S
Ismail, S
Seidl, I
Kienast, F
AF Bolliger, Janine
Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.
Eggenberg, Stefan
Ismail, Sascha
Seidl, Irmi
Kienast, Felix
TI Balancing Forest-Regeneration Probabilities and Maintenance Costs in Dry
Grasslands of High Conservation Priority
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dry grasslands; expert knowledge; MARXAN; reserve selection;
set-covering algorithm
ID LAND-USE CHANGE; RESERVE SELECTION; REGIONAL-SCALE; AREAS; BIODIVERSITY;
MODELS; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; IRREPLACEABILITY; REQUIREMENTS
AB Abandonment of agricultural land has resulted in forest regeneration in species-rich dry grasslands across European mountain regions and threatens conservation efforts in this vegetation type. To support national conservation strategies, we used a site-selection algorithm (MARXAN) to find optimum sets of floristic regions (reporting units) that contain grasslands of high conservation priority. We sought optimum sets that would accommodate 136 important dry-grassland species and that would minimize forest regeneration and costs of management needed to forestall predicted forest regeneration. We did not consider other conservation elements of dry grasslands, such as animal species richness, cultural heritage, and changes due to climate change. Optimal sets that included 95-100% of the dry grassland species encompassed an average of 56-59 floristic regions (standard deviation, SD 5). This is about 15% of approximately 400 floristic regions that contain dry-grassland sites and translates to 4800-5300 ha of dry grassland out of a total of approximately 23,000 ha for the entire study area. Projected costs to manage the grasslands in these optimum sets ranged from CHF (Swiss francs) 5.2 to 6.0 million/year. This is only 15-20% of the current total estimated cost of approximately CHF30-45 million/year required if all dry grasslands were to be protected. The grasslands of the optimal sets may be viewed as core sites in a national conservation strategy.
C1 [Bolliger, Janine; Ismail, Sascha; Seidl, Irmi; Kienast, Felix] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
[Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Eggenberg, Stefan] UNA Atelier Naturschutz & Umweltfragen AG, CH-3007 Bern, Switzerland.
[Ismail, Sascha] ETH, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Terr Ecosyst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Kienast, F (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
EM felix.kienast@wsl.ch
RI Bolliger, Janine/L-3387-2013; Kienast, Felix/L-3536-2013;
OI Bolliger, Janine/0000-0001-8145-559X; Ismail, Sascha
Asif/0000-0003-2883-0666
FU Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; UNA (Atelier fur Naturschutz und
Umweltfragen, Berne)
FX We thank the dry-grassland project team at the Swiss Federal Research
Institute WSL and at UNA (Atelier fur Naturschutz und Umweltfragen,
Berne) for their support. E. Fleishman, M. Burgman, and two reviewers,
especially J. Moore, gave us constructive suggestions for improving this
paper. Identification of a particular product by name does constitute
endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey or the United States
Government.
NR 54
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U1 1
U2 24
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 3
BP 567
EP 576
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01630.x
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 762PK
UT WOS:000290491700019
PM 21175843
ER
PT J
AU Kanno, Y
Vokoun, JC
Letcher, BH
AF Kanno, Yoichiro
Vokoun, Jason C.
Letcher, Benjamin H.
TI Sibship reconstruction for inferring mating systems, dispersal and
effective population size in headwater brook trout (Salvelinus
fontinalis) populations
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sibship reconstruction; Polygamy; Dispersal; Effective population size
(N(e)); Salvelinus fontinalis; Headwater streams
ID INDIVIDUAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; STREAM
FISHES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; WILD POPULATION;
GROUNDWATER; TRUTTA; CHARR
AB Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations have declined in much of the native range in eastern North America and populations are typically relegated to small headwater streams in Connecticut, USA. We used sibship reconstruction to infer mating systems, dispersal and effective population size of resident (non-anadromous) brook trout in two headwater stream channel networks in Connecticut. Brook trout were captured via backpack electrofishing using spatially continuous sampling in the two headwaters (channel network lengths of 4.4 and 7.7 km). Eight microsatellite loci were genotyped in a total of 740 individuals (80-140 mm) subsampled in a stratified random design from all 50 m-reaches in which trout were captured. Sibship reconstruction indicated that males and females were both mostly polygamous although single pair matings were also inferred. Breeder sex ratio was inferred to be nearly 1:1. Few large-sized fullsib families (> 3 individuals) were inferred and the majority of individuals were inferred to have no fullsibs among those fish genotyped (family size = 1). The median stream channel distance between pairs of individuals belonging to the same large-sized fullsib families (> 3 individuals) was 100 m (range: 0-1,850 m) and 250 m (range: 0-2,350 m) in the two study sites, indicating limited dispersal at least for the size class of individuals analyzed. Using a sibship assignment method, the effective population size for the two streams was estimated at 91 (95%CI: 67-123) and 210 (95%CI: 172-259), corresponding to the ratio of effective-to-census population size of 0.06 and 0.12, respectively. Both-sex polygamy, low variation in reproductive success, and a balanced sex ratio may help maintain genetic diversity of brook trout populations with small breeder sizes persisting in headwater channel networks.
C1 [Kanno, Yoichiro; Vokoun, Jason C.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
RP Kanno, Y (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 1376 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM yoichiro.kanno@uconn.edu
FU Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Storrs Agricultural
Experiment Station through the Hatch Act; Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust
FX This research was financially supported by the Connecticut Department of
Environmental Protection through the State Wildlife Grants Program, the
Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station through the Hatch Act, and the
Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust. We thank Neal Hagstrom, Mike Humphreys,
Mike Beauchene, Elise Benoit, Mike Davidson, George Maynard, Daniel
Watrous and Jason Carmignani for their field assistance. Jason Coombs,
Paul Schueller and Anne Timm provided technical assistance with genetic
analysis. We are grateful to the Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust,
Northwest Conservation District, US Army Corps of Engineers and many
private landowners for granting or facilitating access to the study
sites. Kent Holsinger, Eric Schultz and two anonymous reviewers provided
constructive comments that improved an earlier version of this
manuscript.
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U1 1
U2 35
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 3
BP 619
EP 628
DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0166-9
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 760IY
UT WOS:000290319200002
ER
PT J
AU Morrison, CL
Ross, SW
Nizinski, MS
Brooke, S
Jarnegren, J
Waller, RG
Johnson, RL
King, TL
AF Morrison, Cheryl L.
Ross, Steve W.
Nizinski, Martha S.
Brooke, Sandra
Jaernegren, Johanna
Waller, Rhian G.
Johnson, Robin L.
King, Tim L.
TI Genetic discontinuity among regional populations of Lophelia pertusa in
the North Atlantic Ocean
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cold-water coral; Connectivity; Gene flow; Dispersal barriers; Isolation
by distance
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; DEEP-SEA CORAL; REEF-BUILDING
CORALS; MARINE POPULATIONS; LINNAEUS 1758; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ALLELE
FREQUENCIES; LARVAL DISPERSAL; SELF-RECRUITMENT
AB Knowledge of the degree to which populations are connected through larval dispersal is imperative to effective management, yet little is known about larval dispersal ability or population connectivity in Lophelia pertusa, the dominant framework-forming coral on the continental slope in the North Atlantic Ocean. Using nine microsatellite DNA markers, we assessed the spatial scale and pattern of genetic connectivity across a large portion of the range of L. pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean. A Bayesian modeling approach found four distinct genetic groupings corresponding to ocean regions: Gulf of Mexico, coastal southeastern U.S., New England Seamounts, and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. An isolation-by-distance pattern was supported across the study area. Estimates of pairwise population differentiation were greatest with the deepest populations, the New England Seamounts (average F (ST) = 0.156). Differentiation was intermediate with the eastern North Atlantic populations (F (ST) = 0.085), and smallest between southeastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico populations (F (ST) = 0.019), with evidence of admixture off the southeastern Florida peninsula. Connectivity across larger geographic distances within regions suggests that some larvae are broadly dispersed. Heterozygote deficiencies were detected within the majority of localities suggesting deviation from random mating. Gene flow between ocean regions appears restricted, thus, the most effective management scheme for L. pertusa involves regional reserve networks.
C1 [Morrison, Cheryl L.; Johnson, Robin L.; King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Ross, Steve W.] UNC Wilmington, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
[Nizinski, Martha S.] Smithsonian Inst, NHB, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Brooke, Sandra] Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA.
[Jaernegren, Johanna] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway.
[Waller, Rhian G.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA.
RP Morrison, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Biol Resources Div, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
EM cmorrison@usgs.gov
FU USGS; Minerals Management Service; SEUS [DASS2005]; Duke/UNC
Oceanographic Consortium (to SWR); Statoil Hydro; Norwegian Academy of
Science and Letters; USGS-BRD Leetown Science Center, Aquatic Ecology
Branch
FX This investigation was financially supported by the USGS Outer
Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program and was sponsored by the Minerals
Management Service. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration supported field
work both in the SEUS via four cruises (grants to S. W. Ross and S.
Brooke, lead PIs) and also to the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts
(cruise DASS2005, grant to L. Watling, T. Shank, S. France, R. Waller
and P. Auster, lead PIs). Thanks to the ROV pilots and crew of the R/V
Ronald H. Brown facilitating collection of the NES samples. The two R/V
Cape Hatteras missions were sponsored by the Duke/UNC Oceanographic
Consortium (to SWR), and we thank that ship's personnel for excellent
support. We thank J.M. Roberts and G. Duineveld for facilitating cruise
participation of SWR on R/V Pelagia where ENAO samples were collected.
Norwegian collections were financially supported by Statoil Hydro and
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Special thanks to USGS
Lophelia I research colleagues: G. Brewer, C. Kellogg, K. Sulak and the
crew at the USGS Coastal Ecology and Conservation Research. We also
thank the Continental Shelf Associates Lophelia I scientists for
allowing an author (CLM) to participate on GOM cruises. The USGS-BRD
Leetown Science Center, Aquatic Ecology Branch, provided partial funding
to CLM. The following individuals kindly donated coral samples: E.
Cordes, C. Fisher, W. Schroeder, A. Davies, J. Reed, C. Messing. Thanks
are extended to the following individuals for helpful discussions
regarding data collection and analyses: M. Eackles, B. Lubinski, C.
Young, and J. Switzer. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, the crew
members of the R/V Seward Johnson I and II, and the JSL submersible crew
helped make this research possible. M. Carlson produced maps and
calculated geographic distances. M. Rhode and M. Springmann assisted
with Figs 1 and 2, respectively. Comments by J. Switzer, M. Miller and 3
anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product,
or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U. S. Government.
NR 96
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U1 1
U2 31
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
EI 1572-9737
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 3
BP 713
EP 729
DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0178-5
PG 17
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 760IY
UT WOS:000290319200011
ER
PT J
AU Solovyeva, DV
Pearce, JM
AF Solovyeva, Diana V.
Pearce, John M.
TI Comparative mitochondrial genetics of North American and Eurasian
mergansers with an emphasis on the endangered scaly-sided merganser
(Mergus squamatus)
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Haplotype diversity; Waterfowl; Scaly-sided merganser; mtDNA; Phylogeny
ID COMMON MERGANSERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SITE FIDELITY; DIVERSITY;
ALASKA; ANATIDAE; MARKERS; GROWTH
AB The scaly-sided merganser, Mergus squamatus, is considered one of the most threatened sea duck species in the Palearctic with limited breeding and wintering distribution in China and Russia. To provide information for future conservation efforts, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region in four species of mergansers and three additional sea duck taxa to characterize the evolutionary history of the scaly-sided merganser, infer population trends that may have led to its limited geographic distribution, and to compare indices of genetic diversity among species of mergansers. Scaly-sided mergansers exhibit substantially lower levels of mtDNA genetic diversity (h = 0.292, pi = 0.0007) than other closely related sea ducks and many other avian taxa. The four haplotypes observed differed by a single base pair suggesting that the species has not experienced a recent population decline but has instead been at a low population level for some time. A phylogenetic analysis placed the scaly-sided merganser basal to North American and European forms of the common merganser, M. merganser. Our inclusion of a small number of male samples doubled the number of mtDNA haplotypes observed, suggesting that additional genetic variation likely exists within the global population if there is immigration of males from unsampled breeding areas.
C1 [Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Solovyeva, Diana V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia.
RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM jpearce@usgs.gov
RI Solovyeva, Diana/J-7302-2012
FU Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust; Rufford Small Grant Program; Forestry
Bureau COA of Taiwan
FX Field work was supported through the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, the
Rufford Small Grant Program, and the Forestry Bureau COA of Taiwan. A.
Ramey, D. Derksen, and M. Kuro-o provided comments on earlier drafts of
the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this
publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the US Government.
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PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 3
BP 839
EP 844
DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0180-y
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 760IY
UT WOS:000290319200023
ER
PT J
AU Storlazzi, CD
Elias, E
Field, ME
Presto, MK
AF Storlazzi, C. D.
Elias, E.
Field, M. E.
Presto, M. K.
TI Numerical modeling of the impact of sea-level rise on fringing coral
reef hydrodynamics and sediment transport
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sea level; Fringing reef; Waves; Currents; Sediment; Erosion
ID SOUTHERN MOLOKAI; UNIFIED VIEW; HAWAII; FLOW; CURRENTS; WAVES; FLAT;
VARIABILITY; TURBIDITY; RESUSPENSION
AB Most climate projections suggest that sea level may rise on the order of 0.5-1.0 m by 2100; it is not clear, however, how fluid flow and sediment dynamics on exposed fringing reefs might change in response to this rapid sea-level rise. Coupled hydrodynamic and sediment-transport numerical modeling is consistent with recent published results that suggest that an increase in water depth on the order of 0.5-1.0 m on a 1-2 m deep exposed fringing reef flat would result in larger significant wave heights and setup, further elevating water depths on the reef flat. Larger waves would generate higher near-bed shear stresses, which, in turn, would result in an increase in both the size and the quantity of sediment that can be resuspended from the seabed or eroded from adjacent coastal plain deposits. Greater wave- and wind-driven currents would develop with increasing water depth, increasing the alongshore and offshore flux of water and sediment from the inner reef flat to the outer reef flat and fore reef where coral growth is typically greatest. Sediment residence time on the fringing reef flat was modeled to decrease exponentially with increasing sea-level rise as the magnitude of sea-level rise approached the mean water depth over the reef flat. The model results presented here suggest that a 0.5-1.0 m rise in sea level will likely increase coastal erosion, mixing and circulation, the amount of sediment resuspended, and the duration of high turbidity on exposed reef flats, resulting in decreased light availability for photosynthesis, increased sediment-induced stress on the reef ecosystem, and potentially affecting a number of other ecological processes.
C1 [Storlazzi, C. D.; Field, M. E.; Presto, M. K.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Elias, E.] US Geol Survey Deltares, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov
OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
EI 1432-0975
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
SU 1
SI SI
BP 83
EP 96
DI 10.1007/s00338-011-0723-9
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 760LE
UT WOS:000290325000008
ER
PT J
AU Meeuwig, MH
Guy, CS
Fredenberg, WA
AF Meeuwig, Michael H.
Guy, Christopher S.
Fredenberg, Wade A.
TI Trophic relationships between a native and a nonnative predator in a
system of natural lakes
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Article
DE trophic relationship; stable isotope analysis; bull trout; lake trout;
competitive exclusion
ID STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES; MYSIS-RELICTA; BULL TROUT; FOOD WEBS; FLATHEAD
LAKE; DIET; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; ECOSYSTEM
AB Bull trout, a species of char listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act, have been displaced from portions of their historic range following the introduction of nonnative lake trout. It has been suggested that competitive exclusion as a result of trophic overlap between bull trout and lake trout may be the causal mechanism associated with displacement of bull trout. This study used stable isotope data to evaluate trophic relationships among native bull trout, nonnative lake trout and other fishes in seven lakes in Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana. Bull trout and lake trout had greater delta 15N values relative to other fishes among lakes (delta 15N >= 3.0 parts per thousand). Lake trout had greater delta 15N values relative to bull trout (delta 15N = +1.0 parts per thousand). Bull trout had greater delta 13C values relative to lake trout in six of the seven lakes examined. Although both bull trout and lake trout had greater delta 15N values relative to other fishes within lakes in GNP, differences in delta 15N and delta 13C between bull trout and lake trout suggest that they are consuming different prey species or similar prey species in different proportions. Therefore, displacement of bull trout as a direct result of complete overlap in food resource use is not anticipated unless diet shifts occur or food resources become limiting. Additionally, future studies should evaluate food habits to identify important prey species and sources of partial dietary overlap between bull trout and lake trout.
C1 [Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Fredenberg, Wade A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Fish & Wildlife Ctr, Kalispell, MT USA.
RP Meeuwig, MH (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Mail Stop 315, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
EM meeuwig@gmail.com
FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US National Park
Service
FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Geological Survey, US
Fish and Wildlife Service and US National Park Service. H. Hodges, C.
Penne, D. Pewitt, L. Rose and S. Townsend provided assistance during
field sampling for this project. B. Michels, J. Potter, J. Tilmant and
GNP personnel provided administrative and logistical support. P. Brown,
A. Hansen, J. Junker, S. Kalinowski, T. McMahon and three anonymous
reviewers provided critical comments on early drafts of this manuscript.
Use of trade or firm names in this document is for reader information
only and does not constitute endorsement of a product or service by the
US Government.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0906-6691
EI 1600-0633
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 2
BP 315
EP 325
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00498.x
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 758MK
UT WOS:000290168700014
ER
PT J
AU Fernandez, JRR
Hofle, U
Mateo, R
de Francisco, ON
Abbott, R
Acevedo, P
Blanco, JM
AF Rodriguez-Ramos Fernandez, Julia
Hoefle, Ursula
Mateo, Rafael
Nicolas de Francisco, Olga
Abbott, Rachel
Acevedo, Pelayo
Manuel Blanco, Juan
TI Assessment of lead exposure in Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti)
from spent ammunition in central Spain
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Aquila adalberti; Lead; Spanish imperial eagle; Spent ammunition
ID HARRIERS CIRCUS-AERUGINOSUS; SHOT INGESTION; EBRO DELTA; FEATHERS;
METALS; BIRDS; WILD; EUROPE; BLOOD; BONES
AB The Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) is found only in the Iberian Peninsula and is considered one of the most threatened birds of prey in Europe. Here we analyze lead concentrations in bones (n = 84), livers (n = 15), primary feathers (n = 69), secondary feathers (n = 71) and blood feathers (n = 14) of 85 individuals collected between 1997 and 2008 in central Spain. Three birds (3.6%) had bone lead concentration > 20 mu g/g and all livers were within background lead concentration. Bone lead concentrations increased with the age of the birds and were correlated with lead concentration in rachis of secondary feathers. Spatial aggregation of elevated bone lead concentration was found in some areas of Montes de Toledo. Lead concentrations in feathers were positively associated with the density of large game animals in the area where birds were found dead or injured. Discontinuous lead exposure in eagles was evidenced by differences in lead concentration in longitudinal portions of the rachis of feathers.
C1 [Rodriguez-Ramos Fernandez, Julia; Hoefle, Ursula; Mateo, Rafael] IREC UCLM CSIC JCCM, Natl Inst Game Res, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain.
[Nicolas de Francisco, Olga] Ctr Recuperac Vallcalent, Lleida 25195, Cataluna, Spain.
[Abbott, Rachel] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Acevedo, Pelayo] Univ Malaga, Biogeog Divers & Conservat Res Team, Dept Anim Biol, Fac Sci, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.
[Manuel Blanco, Juan] Ctr Estudios Rapaces Ibericas, Ctr Studies Iberian Raptors, Sevilleja De La Jara 45671, Spain.
RP Fernandez, JRR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jrodriguez_ramos@yahoo.es
RI Hofle, Ursula/F-8585-2013; Acevedo, Pelayo/L-6737-2013; Mateo,
Rafael/A-3117-2011
OI Hofle, Ursula/0000-0002-6868-079X; Acevedo, Pelayo/0000-0002-3509-7696;
Mateo, Rafael/0000-0003-1307-9152
FU Spanish Ministry of Science [CGL2007-62797]; Ministerio de Ciencia e
Innovacion-Fondo Social Europeo; [CGL2009-11316-FEDER]
FX Lead analyses performed at IREC were funded by a grant of the Spanish
Ministry of Science (CGL2007-62797). P. Acevedo is currently holding a
Juan de la Cierva research contract awarded by the Ministerio de Ciencia
e Innovacion-Fondo Social Europeo and partially by the project
CGL2009-11316-FEDER. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S.
Government. Comments provided by C. Bunck, J.C. Franson and C.J. Johnson
were appreciated. We would like to thank to EL Organismo Autonomo de
Espacios Naturales de Castilla-La Mancha and EL Centro de Estudios de
Rapaces Ibericas.
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PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0963-9292
J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY
JI Ecotoxicology
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 4
BP 670
EP 681
DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0607-3
PG 12
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 760ND
UT WOS:000290330100006
PM 21327487
ER
PT J
AU Henny, CJ
Grove, RA
Kaiser, JL
Johnson, BL
Furl, CV
Letcher, RJ
AF Henny, Charles J.
Grove, Robert A.
Kaiser, James L.
Johnson, Branden L.
Furl, Chad V.
Letcher, Robert J.
TI Wastewater dilution index partially explains observed polybrominated
diphenyl ether flame retardant concentrations in osprey eggs from
Columbia River Basin, 2008-2009
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Osprey; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Oregon; Washington; Idaho;
Wastewater treatment plants; Biomagnification factors; Productivity;
Dilution index
ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS;
CHESAPEAKE BAY; GULL EGGS; BIRDS; TRENDS; OREGON; FISH; PREY
AB Several polybrominated biphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were found in all 175 osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs collected from the Columbia River Basin between 2002 and 2009. I PBDE pound concentrations in 2008-2009 were highest in osprey eggs from the two lowest flow rivers studied; however, each river flowed through relatively large and populous metropolitan areas (Boise, Idaho and Spokane, Washington). We used the volume of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) discharge, a known source of PBDEs, as a measure of human activity at a location, and combined with river flow (both converted to millions of gallons/day) created a novel approach (an approximate Dilution Index) to relate waterborne contaminants to levels of these contaminants that reach avian eggs. This approach provided a useful understanding of the spatial osprey egg concentration patterns observed. Individual osprey egg concentrations along the Upper Willamette River co-varied with the Dilution Index, while combined egg data (geometric means) from rivers or segments of rivers showed a strong, significant relationship to the Dilution Index with one exception, the Boise River. There, we believe osprey egg concentrations were lower than expected because Boise River ospreys foraged perhaps 50-75% of the time off the river at ponds and lakes stocked with fish that contained relatively low I PBDE pound concentrations. Our limited temporal data at specific localities (2004-2009) suggests that I PBDE pound concentrations in osprey eggs peaked between 2005 and 2007, and then decreased, perhaps in response to penta- and octa-PBDE technical mixtures no longer being used in the USA after 2004. Empirical estimates of biomagnification factors (BMFs) from fish to osprey eggs were 3.76-7.52 on a wet weight (ww) basis or 4.37-11.0 lipid weight. Our earlier osprey study suggested that I PBDE pound egg concentrations > 1,000 ng/g ww may reduce osprey reproductive success. Only two of the study areas sampled in 2008-2009 contained individual eggs with I PBDE pound concentrations > 1,000 ng/g, and non-significant (P > 0.30) negative relationships were found between I PBDEs pound and reproductive success. Additional monitoring is required to confirm not only the apparent decline in PBDE concentrations in osprey eggs that occurred during this study, but also to better understand the relationship between PBDEs in eggs and reproductive success.
C1 [Henny, Charles J.; Grove, Robert A.; Kaiser, James L.; Johnson, Branden L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Furl, Chad V.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Environm Assessment Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA.
[Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM hennyc@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey; Washington State Department of Ecology
FX We thank the electric utility companies (Avista, Inland Power and Light,
Idaho Power, Emerald People's Utility District, Eugene Water and
Electric Board, Pacific Power and Light Company, Salem Electric,
Portland General Electric Company, Consumers Power, Inc.) associated
with all of the study areas for providing bucket trucks and personnel to
access the nests on power poles. The US Coast Guard kindly permitted
access to osprey nests built on navigation aids in the Columbia River.
D. MacCoy (USGS) provided fish from the Boise River. We are grateful to
the numerous landowners who permitted access to their property to survey
nesting osprey. P. Haggerty (USGS) and C. Meredith (WSDE) kindly drafted
the study area maps. D. Wise (USGS) provided Wastewater Treatment Plant
discharge information. We acknowledge L. Periard and L. Gauthier in the
Letcher Research Group (at NWRC, Ottawa) for chemical analysis of PBDEs.
An earlier draft of the manuscript was improved by comments from G.
Heinz, B. Rattner and R. Lazarus (all USGS). The study was funded by the
US Geological Survey with the Spokane River study area partially funded
by Washington State Department of Ecology. Any use of trade, product, or
firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the US Government or State of Washington.
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PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0963-9292
J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY
JI Ecotoxicology
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 4
BP 682
EP 697
DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0608-2
PG 16
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 760ND
UT WOS:000290330100007
PM 21340556
ER
PT J
AU Foreman, CM
Dieser, M
Greenwood, M
Cory, RM
Laybourn-Parry, J
Lisle, JT
Jaros, C
Miller, PL
Chin, YP
McKnight, DM
AF Foreman, Christine M.
Dieser, Markus
Greenwood, Mark
Cory, Rose M.
Laybourn-Parry, Johanna
Lisle, John T.
Jaros, Christopher
Miller, Penney L.
Chin, Yu-Ping
McKnight, Diane M.
TI When a habitat freezes solid: microorganisms over-winter within the ice
column of a coastal Antarctic lake
SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctica; lake ice; microorganisms
ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; MELTWATER PONDS;
MICROBIAL MATS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SP NOV.; BACTERIA; SHELF;
DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS
AB A major impediment to understanding the biology of microorganisms inhabiting Antarctic environments is the logistical constraint of conducting field work primarily during the summer season. However, organisms that persist throughout the year encounter severe environmental changes between seasons. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we collected ice core samples from Pony Lake in early November 2004 when the lake was frozen solid to its base, providing an archive for the biological and chemical processes that occurred during winter freezeup. The ice contained bacteria and virus-like particles, while flagellated algae and ciliates over-wintered in the form of inactive cysts and spores. Both bacteria and algae were metabolically active in the ice core melt water. Bacterial production ranged from 1.8 to 37.9 mu g C L-1 day-1. Upon encountering favorable growth conditions in the melt water, primary production ranged from 51 to 931 mu g C L-1 day-1. Because of the strong H(2)S odor and the presence of closely related anaerobic organisms assigned to Pony Lake bacterial 16S rRNA gene clones, we hypothesize that the microbial assemblage was strongly affected by oxygen gradients, which ultimately restricted the majority of phylotypes to distinct strata within the ice column. This study provides evidence that the microbial community over-winters in the ice column of Pony Lake and returns to a highly active metabolic state when spring melt is initiated.
C1 [Foreman, Christine M.; Dieser, Markus] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Greenwood, Mark] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Cory, Rose M.; Jaros, Christopher; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Laybourn-Parry, Johanna] Univ Bristol, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Lisle, John T.] Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, USGS, St Petersburg, FL USA.
[Miller, Penney L.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA.
[Chin, Yu-Ping] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Mendenhall Lab 285, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Foreman, CM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, 366 EPS Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM cforeman@montana.edu
RI Cory, Rose/C-4198-2016;
OI Foreman, Christine/0000-0003-0230-4692; MCKNIGHT,
DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533; Cory, Rose/0000-0001-9867-7084
FU NSF [OPP-0338260, OPP-0338299, OPP-0338121, OPP-0338342]
FX Logistical support was made available by Raytheon Polar Services and
Petroleum Helicopters Incorporated. We are grateful to J. Guerard, K.
Cawley, R. Fimmen, and the RPSC volunteer field assistants who aided our
field work and the invaluable service provided by the PHI helicopter
pilots. Funding for this project came from NSF OPP-0338260 to Y.-P.C.,
OPP-0338299 to D.M.M., OPP-0338121 to P.L.M., and OPP-0338342 to C.M.F.
Any opinions, findings, or conclusions stated in this paper are solely
those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
National Science Foundation.
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0168-6496
J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL
JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 76
IS 3
BP 401
EP 412
DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01061.x
PG 12
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 760HH
UT WOS:000290314900001
PM 21276026
ER
PT J
AU Walther, DA
Whiles, MR
AF Walther, Denise A.
Whiles, Matt R.
TI Secondary production in a southern Illinois headwater stream:
relationships between organic matter standing stocks and
macroinvertebrate productivity
SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE aquatic invertebrate; detritus; wood; turnover; functional group
ID RESOURCE LIMITATION; PRAIRIE STREAM; INVERTEBRATE PRODUCTION;
LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; TROPHIC
BASIS; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEM; SYSTEM
AB We quantified macroinvertebrate production and organic matter standing stocks in riffle/run and pool habitats for 2 y in 2 reaches of Big Creek, a 3(rd)-order stream in southern Illinois, USA. Habitat-weighted secondary production was 24.9 and 26.2 g ash-free dry mass (AFDM) m(-2) y(-1) in the upper and lower reaches, respectively, in year 1 of the study and 17.6 and 15.1 AFDM m(-2) y(-1) in year 2. Annual production to biomass (P/B) ratios of the macroinvertebrate assemblages ranged from 7 to 10. Collector-gatherers, which were dominated by nontanypodine Chironomidae and Oligochaeta, accounted for >60% of total habitat-weighted production in both reaches, and consumption estimates based on production efficiencies indicated they consumed high proportions of available organic matter resources <= 250 mu m. Macroinvertebrate production in Big Creek was strongly correlated with organic matter standing stocks, and our subsequent analyses of production and organic matter resources across several low-order North American streams suggested standing stocks of small wood, a relatively refractory component of organic matter, are an important component of the relationship between macroinvertebrate production and organic matter. However, the apparent influence of small wood on production may be related to associated physical characteristics of these streams, such as pH and canopy cover. Secondary production estimates in our data set were a function of both adjusted total organic matter exclusive of wood and wood standing stocks. Although production-organic matter relationships may be obscured by other factors at the local level, our results indicate that patterns of macroinvertebrate production across large geographic scales may be driven largely by the availability of detrital resources.
C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
RP Walther, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99705 USA.
EM denise.walther@yahoo.com; mwhiles@zoology.siu.edu
FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources [C2000]; Southern Illinois
University Carbondale (SIUC) Department of Zoology; SIUC
FX This research was funded by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources
C2000 and Pilot Watershed Programs, the Southern Illinois University
Carbondale (SIUC) Department of Zoology, and the SIUC Women's Studies
Program. We thank the late Phillip Otrich for his support of restoration
efforts in Big Creek and for allowing us access to field sites. We also
thank the late Don Hank la for his leadership in the restoration and
research efforts in Big Creek. D. Day, D. Austen, and H. Dodd (Illinois
Department of Natural Resources) provided valuable input during the
development of this project. We thank S. D. Peterson, E. T. Volkman, T.
Heatherly, M. L. Stone, and K. Emme for extensive field and laboratory
assistance. M. Chadwick (University of Alabama) provided technical
assistance with bootstrapping procedures.
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PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0887-3593
J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC
JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 2
BP 357
EP 373
DI 10.1899/10-006.1
PG 17
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 760YQ
UT WOS:000290361600003
ER
PT J
AU Shea, CP
Peterson, JT
Wisniewski, JM
Johnson, NA
AF Shea, Colin P.
Peterson, James T.
Wisniewski, Jason M.
Johnson, Nathan A.
TI Misidentification of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia:Unionidae):
contributing factors, management implications, and potential solutions
SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE unionids; bias; false positive errors; species identification; natural
resource management
ID DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SHELL SCULPTURE; BIVALVIA; MODEL; BIAS;
POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; DESIGN; SPACE
AB Surveys of freshwater mussel populations are used frequently to inform conservation decisions by providing information about the status and distribution of species. It is generally accepted that not all mussels or species are collected during surveys, and incomplete detection of individuals and species can bias data and can affect inferences. However, considerably less attention has been given to the potential effects of species misidentification. To evaluate the prevalence of and potential reasons for species misidentification, we conducted a laboratory-based identification exercise and quantified the relationships between mussel species characteristics, observer experience, and misidentification rate. We estimated that misidentification was fairly common, with rates averaging 27% across all species and ranging from 0 to 56%, and was related to mussel shell characteristics and observer experience. Most notably, species with shell texturing were 6.09x less likely than smooth-shelled species to be misidentified. Misidentification rates declined with observer experience, but for many species the risk of misidentification averaged >10% even for observers with moderate levels of experience (5-6 y). In addition, misidentification rates among observers showed substantial variability after controlling for experience. Our results suggest that species misidentification may be common in field surveys of freshwater mussels and could potentially bias estimates of population status and trends. Misidentification rates possibly could be reduced through use of regional workshops, testing and certification programs, and the availability of archived specimens and tissue samples in museum collections.
C1 [Shea, Colin P.; Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Wisniewski, Jason M.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA.
[Johnson, Nathan A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, SE Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
RP Shea, CP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM cpshea@warnell.uga.edu; jt.peterson@oregonstate.edu;
jason.wisniewski@dnr.state.ga.us; najohnson@usgs.gov
OI Johnson, Nathan/0000-0001-5167-1988
FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department
of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management
Institute
FX We thank Carson Stringfellow, Jim Williams, and Steve Golladay for
organizing and coordinating the ACF Mussel Workshop. We are also
indebted to the many workshop participants and the following people for
helpful comments and suggestions: Brett Albanese, Andrea Crownhart,
Justin Dycus, Krishna Pacifici, Guenter Schuster, and Chris Skelton.
Earlier drafts of the manuscript were improved by suggestions from Jayne
Brim Box, Michael J. Conroy, Mary C. Freeman, and 2 anonymous referees.
The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for
informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the
US Government or the US Geological Survey. The Georgia Cooperative Fish
and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological
Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of
Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife
Management Institute.
NR 55
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U1 5
U2 21
PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0887-3593
J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC
JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 2
BP 446
EP 458
DI 10.1899/10-073.1
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 760YQ
UT WOS:000290361600009
ER
PT J
AU Meador, JR
Peterson, JT
Wisniewski, JM
AF Meador, Jason R.
Peterson, James T.
Wisniewski, Jason M.
TI An evaluation of the factors influencing freshwater mussel capture
probability, survival, and temporary emigration in a large lowland river
SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Robust Design; Altamaha River; program MARK; estimation; sample design;
unionid; Georgia; freshwater mussels
ID RECAPTURE DESIGN; UNIONID MUSSELS; COASTAL-PLAIN; POPULATION;
SALAMANDERS; BIVALVIA; STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGES; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE
AB The decline of freshwater mussels in the southeastern US emphasizes the need to evaluate the current status of mussel populations. We used the Robust Design, which is a capture recapture sampling design, to estimate demographic parameters (apparent survival and temporary emigration) and capture probabilities of Alasmidonta arcula, Lampsilis dolabraeformis, Lampsilis splendida, and Pyganodon gibbosa in a large lowland river in Georgia. Mussels were sampled in individual habitat units using line-transect methods at similar to 6-wk intervals from summer 2006-2007. We used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate the relative importance of maximum river discharge, habitat characteristics, mussel species, and season on temporary emigration (i.e., proportion of mussels not at the surface), apparent survival, and capture probability. The best-supported models indicated that apparent survival and capture probability varied positively with mussel shell length and among habitat types. Apparent survival (6-wk interval) ranged from 94 to 99% and was greatest in slackwater and lowest in swiftwater habitat. Capture probability ranged from 8 to 20% and was greatest in slackwater and lowest in swift-water habitat. Temporary emigration also varied among species and season and appeared to be related to reproductive behavior, with the largest proportion of mussels occurring at the surface when mussels appeared to be reproductively active. A comparison of catch-per-unit-effort indices to population estimates suggested that the reliability of catch-per-unit-effort indices was influenced by vertical migration behavior and other factors affecting mussel capture probability.
C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Wisniewski, Jason M.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA.
RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM meadorj@warnell.uga.edu; jt.peterson@oregonstate.edu;
jason.wisniewski@dnr.state.ga.us
FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department
of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife Management
Institute
FX We are indebted to many technicians, volunteers, and graduate students,
including B. Albanese, S. Craven, M. Elliott, R. Fauver, L. Hunt, J.
Olin, S. Pankey, S. Small, D. Weiler, and A. Wilson. Funding and
logistical support for this project was provided by the Georgia
Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Nongame
Conservation Section and the State Wildlife Grants Program. The
manuscript was improved with suggestions from B. Albanese, M. Conroy, C.
Shea, D. Smith, and anonymous referees. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey,
the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of Natural
Resources, the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife Management
Institute.
NR 55
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U1 5
U2 35
PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0887-3593
J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC
JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 2
BP 507
EP 521
DI 10.1899/10-105.1
PG 15
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 760YQ
UT WOS:000290361600014
ER
PT J
AU Hansen, ES
Budy, P
AF Hansen, Eriek S.
Budy, Phaedra
TI The potential of passive stream restoration to improve stream habitat
and minimize the impact of fish disease: a short-term assessment
SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE stream restoration; passive; in-stream habitat; synergistic effects;
disease management; livestock exclusion; riparian vegetation; native
fishes
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; SALMONID WHIRLING
DISEASE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RIVER RESTORATION; RAINBOW-TROUT;
ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; NORTH-AMERICA; RIPARIAN; ECOLOGY
AB We evaluated the potential of habitat restoration to improve stream and riparian habitat and to minimize the prevalence of whirling disease in a population of native cutthroat trout in northern Utah. We fenced 67 ha of riparian habitat to exclude livestock and measured key response variables at impact and control sites before and after the completion of the exclosure. Total N concentrations decreased in response to the exclusion. Over this short time period (1-2 y postrestoration), the combination of natural variability and exclusion of livestock grazing appeared to alter the vegetation and riparian conditions through increased bank stability and decreased % cover of exotic plant species. The effect of the exclosure on whirling disease was confounded by climatic variation. However, restoration appeared to reduce the prevalence of whirling disease during a nondrought year, but not during a drought year. Therefore, in the short term, these beneficial effects of restoration on trout appeared to hinge on favorable climatic conditions. We expect the longer-term restoration response to be affected less than the short-term response by climatic conditions. The results of our study indicate that passive stream restoration is an effective management approach for restoring stream habitat and has the potential to minimize interactive effects of disease and habitat degradation, especially when other options for disease management are not possible or practical.
C1 [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
Utah State Univ, Intermt Ctr River Rehabil & Restorat, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM eriek_hansen@hotmail.com; phaedra.budy@usu.edu
RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012
FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR) [F-47-R]; Utah Division of
Water Quality, Environmental Protection Agency [319]
FX Our research was funded primarily by Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
(UDWR), Project XV, Sport Fisheries Research, Grant Number F-47-R,
Amendment 20, and by the Utah Division of Water Quality, Environmental
Protection Agency Clean Water Act Section 319. Additional contributions
were made by Utah State University, US Geological Survey Utah
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Cache Anglers Chapter of
Trout Unlimited (TU), Logan Ranger District Cache National Forest US
Forest Service, UDWR Dedicated Hunter Program, Fish and Aquatic Ecology
Unit USFS, TU Embrace-a-Stream Program, UDWR Blue Ribbon Fisheries
Program, John Carter and Western Watersheds, Bonneville Chapter of the
American Fisheries Society, Utah Council of TU, Weber Basin Anglers
Chapter of TU, The Stonefly Society, Bridgerland Audubon Society,
Bridgerland Outdoor Coalition, and Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife.
Specifically, we offer sincere gratitude to Paul Chase (USFS), Chris
Thomas (Cache Anglers), and Chris Wilson (UDWR, FES) for spearheading
the exclosure project and evaluation, raising >200,000 USD, and enduring
endless and painful negotiations with all the political entities
involved. We also thank Gary Thiede, Charles (Chuck) Hawkins, John
(Jack) C. Schmidt, and numerous UDWR Fisheries Experiment Station (FES)
staff and other volunteers and technicians for scientific and logistical
contributions and general support. Brett Roper, Ronald Ryel, Scott
Miller, Gary Thiede, and anonymous referees reviewed previous drafts of
this manuscript and provided constructive criticism and insight.
NR 65
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U1 1
U2 33
PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0887-3593
J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC
JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 2
BP 573
EP 588
DI 10.1899/10-018.1
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 760YQ
UT WOS:000290361600019
ER
PT J
AU Wiseman, S
Jorgensen, EH
Maule, AG
Vijayan, MM
AF Wiseman, Steve
Jorgensen, Even H.
Maule, Alec G.
Vijayan, Mathilakath M.
TI Contaminant loading in remote Arctic lakes affects cellular
stress-related proteins expression in feral charr
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cyp1A; hsp70; Glucocorticoid receptor; Salvelinus alpinus; PCB;
Salmonid; Fish
ID BJORNOYA BEAR ISLAND; HEAT-SHOCK; POLLUTANTS; FISH
AB The remote Arctic lakes on Bjornoya Island, Norway, offer a unique opportunity to study possible affect of lifelong contaminant exposure in wild populations of landlocked Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). This is because Lake Ellasjoen has persistent organic pollutant (POP) levels that are significantly greater than in the nearby Lake yangen. We examined whether this differential contaminant loading was reflected in the expression of protein markers of exposure and effect in the native fish. We assessed the expressions of cellular stress markers, including cytochrome P4501A (Cyp1A), heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in feral charr from the two lakes. The average polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) load in the charr liver from Ellasjoen was approximately 25-fold higher than in individuals from yangen. Liver Cyp1A protein expression was significantly higher in individuals from Ellasjoen compared with yangen, confirming differential PCB exposure. There was no significant difference in hsp70 protein expression in charr liver between the two lakes. However, brain hsp70 protein expression was significantly elevated in charr from Ellasjoen compared with yangen. Also, liver GR protein expression was significantly higher in the Ellasjoen charr compared with yangen charr. Taken together, our results suggest changes to cellular stress-related protein expression as a possible adaptation to chronic-contaminant exposure in feral charr in the Norwegian high-Arctic.
C1 [Wiseman, Steve; Vijayan, Mathilakath M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Jorgensen, Even H.] Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci, Tromso, Norway.
[Maule, Alec G.] USGS, Cook, TN USA.
RP Vijayan, MM (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
EM mvijayan@uwaterloo.ca
OI Wiseman, Steve/0000-0002-8215-2272
FU Norwegian Research Council [114263/720]; Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada)
FX We thank Guttorm Christensen and Anita Evenset who collected the fish
tissue samples for us at Bjornoya Island. The study was funded by the
Norwegian Research Council, project no. 114263/720 and the Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC, Canada) discovery
grant.
NR 19
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U1 1
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 6
BP 933
EP 937
DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0939-0
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 760NP
UT WOS:000290331300014
ER
PT J
AU Hahn, DC
Reisen, WK
AF Hahn, D. Caldwell
Reisen, William K.
TI Heightened Exposure to Parasites Favors the Evolution of Immunity in
Brood Parasitic Cowbirds
SO EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Ecoimmunology; Brood parasitism; Cowbird; West Nile virus;
Parasite-mediated selection; Evolution of immunity
ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; NEW-WORLD BLACKBIRDS;
ECOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION;
CALIFORNIA BIRDS; LIFE-HISTORY; AVIAN HOST; TRADE-OFFS
AB Immunologists and evolutionary biologists are interested in how the immune system evolves to fit an ecological niche. We studied the relationship between exposure to parasites and strength of immunity by investigating the response of two species of New World cowbirds (genus Molothrus, Icteridae), obligate brood parasites with contrasting life history strategies, to experimental arboviral infection. The South American shiny cowbird (M. bonariensis) is an extreme host-generalist that lays its eggs in the nests of > 225 different avian species. The Central American bronzed cowbird (M. aeneus) is a relative host-specialist that lays its eggs preferentially in the nests of approximately 12 orioles in a single sister genus. West Nile virus provided a strong challenge and delineated immune differences between these species. The extreme host-generalist shiny cowbird, like the North American host-generalist, the brown-headed cowbird, showed significantly lower viremia to three arboviruses than related icterid species that were not brood parasites. The bronzed cowbird showed intermediate viremia. These findings support the interpretation that repeated exposure to a high diversity of parasites favors the evolution of enhanced immunity in brood parasitic cowbirds and makes them useful models for future studies of innate immunity.
C1 [Hahn, D. Caldwell] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Hahn, DC (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM chahn@usgs.gov
FU National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH [RO1-39483,
RO1-AI47855, AI55607]; Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of California; USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
FX We thank Katsi Ramos Alvarez and Marilyn Colon, Division Recursos
Terrestre, Puerto Rico for making shiny cowbirds available and arranging
transport, and Scott Summers, The Nature Conservancy of Texas, for
making bronzed cowbirds available and arranging transport. This research
was funded, in part, by Research Grants RO1-39483, RO1-AI47855, and
AI55607 from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
NIH, the Coachella Valley and Kern Mosquito and Vector Control
Districts, special funds for the Mosquito Research Program allocated
annually through the Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
University of California, and by base funds from USGS-Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center. We thank staff of the Center for Vectorborne Diseases
for excellent technical support: V.M. Martinez, H.D. Lothrop, S.S.
Wheeler and B.D. Carroll assisted with bird collections; V.M. Martinez
assisted with bird maintenance and bleeding; and Y. Fang, M. Shafii, S.
Garcia, R.E. Chiles and S. Ashtari assisted with laboratory diagnostics.
We thank R.B. Payne, S.M. Lanyon, D. Mock, and two anonymous reviewers
for helpful comments on the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm
names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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U1 1
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0071-3260
EI 1934-2845
J9 EVOL BIOL
JI Evol. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 2
BP 214
EP 224
DI 10.1007/s11692-011-9112-0
PG 11
WC Evolutionary Biology
SC Evolutionary Biology
GA 756TW
UT WOS:000290038600008
ER
PT J
AU Suleimani, E
Nicolsky, DJ
Haeussler, PJ
Hansen, R
AF Suleimani, Elena
Nicolsky, Dmitry J.
Haeussler, Peter J.
Hansen, Roger
TI Combined Effects of Tectonic and Landslide-Generated Tsunami Runup at
Seward, Alaska During the M (W) 9.2 1964 Earthquake
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Tsunami; runup; inundation; numerical modeling; 1964 Alaska Earthquake;
submarine landslides; Resurrection Bay; Seward
ID WILLIAM-SOUND EARTHQUAKE; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; WAVES; INVERSION;
MUDSLIDE
AB We apply a recently developed and validated numerical model of tsunami propagation and runup to study the inundation of Resurrection Bay and the town of Seward by the 1964 Alaska tsunami. Seward was hit by both tectonic and landslide-generated tsunami waves during the M-W 9.2 1964 megathrust earthquake. The earthquake triggered a series of submarine mass failures around the fjord, which resulted in landsliding of part of the coastline into the water, along with the loss of the port facilities. These submarine mass failures generated local waves in the bay within 5 min of the beginning of strong ground motion. Recent studies estimate the total volume of underwater slide material that moved in Resurrection Bay to be about 211 million m(3) (Haeussler et al. in Submarine mass movements and their consequences, pp 269-278, 2007). The first tectonic tsunami wave arrived in Resurrection Bay about 30 min after the main shock and was about the same height as the local landslide-generated waves. Our previous numerical study, which focused only on the local landslide-generated waves in Resurrection Bay, demonstrated that they were produced by a number of different slope failures, and estimated relative contributions of different submarine slide complexes into tsunami amplitudes (Suleimani et al. in Pure Appl Geophys 166:131-152, 2009). This work extends the previous study by calculating tsunami inundation in Resurrection Bay caused by the combined impact of landslide-generated waves and the tectonic tsunami, and comparing the composite inundation area with observations. To simulate landslide tsunami runup in Seward, we use a viscous slide model of Jiang and LeBlond (J Phys Oceanogr 24(3):559-572, 1994) coupled with nonlinear shallow water equations. The input data set includes a high resolution multibeam bathymetry and LIDAR topography grid of Resurrection Bay, and an initial thickness of slide material based on pre- and post-earthquake bathymetry difference maps. For simulation of tectonic tsunami runup, we derive the 1964 coseismic deformations from detailed slip distribution in the rupture area, and use them as an initial condition for propagation of the tectonic tsunami. The numerical model employs nonlinear shallow water equations formulated for depth-averaged water fluxes, and calculates a temporal position of the shoreline using a free-surface moving boundary algorithm. We find that the calculated tsunami runup in Seward caused first by local submarine landslide-generated waves, and later by a tectonic tsunami, is in good agreement with observations of the inundation zone. The analysis of inundation caused by two different tsunami sources improves our understanding of their relative contributions, and supports tsunami risk mitigation in south-central Alaska. The record of the 1964 earthquake, tsunami, and submarine landslides, combined with the high-resolution topography and bathymetry of Resurrection Bay make it an ideal location for studying tectonic tsunamis in coastal regions susceptible to underwater landslides.
C1 [Suleimani, Elena; Nicolsky, Dmitry J.; Hansen, Roger] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Haeussler, Peter J.] Alaska Sci Ctr, USGS, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Suleimani, E (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM elena@gi.alaska.edu
RI Nicolsky, Dmitry/I-1877-2012;
OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247
FU NOAA through Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research [27-014d,
06-028a]; High Performance Computing resources from the Arctic Region
Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks as part of
the US Department of Defense
FX This study was supported by NOAA grants 27-014d and 06-028a through
Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research. We thank Prof. Efim
Pelinovsky and one anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions that
improved this manuscript. Dr. Alexander Rabinovich gave us a number of
critical comments and valuable recommendations that we greatly
appreciate. The authors also thank Eric Geist and Jason Chaytor for
their thorough and constructive reviews. We are grateful to Prof. Jeff
Freymueller for valuable discussions, and to Dr. Hisashi Suito for
providing us with parameters of his model. Numerical calculations for
this work are supported by a grant of High Performance Computing
resources from the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center at the University
of Alaska Fairbanks as part of the US Department of Defense HPC
Modernization Program.
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PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
PI BASEL
PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 168
IS 6-7
BP 1053
EP 1074
DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0228-4
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 753QM
UT WOS:000289794700007
ER
PT J
AU Borrero, JC
McAdoo, B
Jaffe, B
Dengler, L
Gelfenbaum, G
Higman, B
Hidayat, R
Moore, A
Kongko, W
Lukijanto
Peters, R
Prasetya, G
Titov, V
Yulianto, E
AF Borrero, Jose C.
McAdoo, Brian
Jaffe, Bruce
Dengler, Lori
Gelfenbaum, Guy
Higman, Bretwood
Hidayat, Rahman
Moore, Andrew
Kongko, Widjo
Lukijanto
Peters, Robert
Prasetya, Gegar
Titov, Vasily
Yulianto, Eko
TI Field Survey of the March 28, 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake and Tsunami
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Tsunami; earthquake; Sumatra; subduction zone; natural hazards; hazard
mitigation
ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; SUMATRA; DECEMBER-2004; MEGATHRUST; BENGKULU; WAVE
AB On the evening of March 28, 2005 at 11:09 p.m. local time (16:09 UTC), a large earthquake occurred offshore of West Sumatra, Indonesia. With a moment magnitude (M (w)) of 8.6, the event caused substantial shaking damage and land level changes between Simeulue Island in the north and the Batu Islands in the south. The earthquake also generated a tsunami, which was observed throughout the source region as well as on distant tide gauges. While the tsunami was not as extreme as the tsunami of December 26th, 2004, it did cause significant flooding and damage at some locations. The spatial and temporal proximity of the two events led to a unique set of observational data from the earthquake and tsunami as well as insights relevant to tsunami hazard planning and education efforts.
C1 [Borrero, Jose C.] ASR Ltd, Marine Consulting & Res, Raglan 3225, New Zealand.
[Borrero, Jose C.] Univ So Calif, Tsunami Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[McAdoo, Brian] Vassar Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA.
[Jaffe, Bruce; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Peters, Robert] Pacific Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Dengler, Lori] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Higman, Bretwood] Univ Washington, Dept Earth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Hidayat, Rahman; Kongko, Widjo; Lukijanto; Prasetya, Gegar] Coastal Engn Lab BPPT, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
[Moore, Andrew] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
[Titov, Vasily] NOAA Ctr Tsunami Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Titov, Vasily] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Yulianto, Eko] Indonesian Inst Sci, Jakarta, Indonesia.
[Hidayat, Rahman] UNU ISP, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1508925, Japan.
RP Borrero, JC (reprint author), ASR Ltd, Marine Consulting & Res, Raglan 3225, New Zealand.
EM jborrero@usc.edu
RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012;
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829
FU University of Southern California; National Science Foundation; USAID
Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; US Geological Survey; Vassar
College
FX The authors would like to acknowledge Captain Lee Clarke, First Mate
Darren Stockwell and the crew of the M.V. Seimoa for their efforts in
making the voyage safe and successful. Anthony Marcotti and Jordan Heuer
of Saraina Koat Mentawai Surf Charters were instrumental in organizing
the trip's complicated logistics. The University of Southern California,
the National Science Foundation, USAID Office of Foreign Disaster
Assistance, the US Geological Survey and Vassar College provided funding
for this study. Etienne Kingsley assisted in the field data collection
effort. JCB would like to thank Dunstan and Trish Hogan for providing a
tranquil location in St. Francis Beach, South Africa where significant
progress in the preparation of this report for publication was made.
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PI BASEL
PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 168
IS 6-7
BP 1075
EP 1088
DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0218-6
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 753QM
UT WOS:000289794700008
ER
PT J
AU Li, XX
Bianchi, TS
Yang, ZS
Osterman, LE
Allison, MA
DiMarco, SF
Yang, GP
AF Li, Xinxin
Bianchi, Thomas S.
Yang, Zuosheng
Osterman, Lisa E.
Allison, Mead A.
DiMarco, Steven F.
Yang, Guipeng
TI Historical trends of hypoxia in Changjiang River estuary: Applications
of chemical biomarkers and microfossils
SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hypoxia; Foraminifera; Chemical biomarkers; Paleo-reconstruction;
Changjiang River
ID EAST CHINA SEA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING CRENARCHAEOTA;
LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; YANGTZE-RIVER;
ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; WATER COLUMN; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS
AB Over the past two decades China has become the largest global consumer of fertilizers, which has enhanced river nutrient fluxes and caused eutrophication and hypoxia in the Yangtze (Changjiang) large river delta-front estuary (LDE). In this study, we utilized plant pigments, lignin-phenols, stable isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) and foraminiferal microfossils in Pb-210 dated cores to examine the history of hypoxia in the Changjiang LDE. Two sediment cores were collected onboard R/V Dong Fang Hong 2 using a stainless-steel box-corer; one at a water depth of 24.7 m on Jun. 15, 2006 and the other at 52 m on Nov. 20, 2007, both in the hypoxic region off the Changjiang LDE.
There has been a significant increase in the abundance of plant pigments after 1979 that are indicators of enhanced diatom and cyanobacterial abundance, which agrees with post-1980 record of increasing nutrient loads in the Changjiang River. The increased inputs of terrestrially derived materials to the LDE are largely woody plant sources and most likely due to deforestation that began in the early 1950s. However, post-1960 lignin data did not reflect enhanced loading of woody materials despite continued deforestation possibly due to increased trapping from greater dam construction, a reduction of deforestation in the drainage basin since the last 1990s, and soil conservation practices. The lack of linkages between bulk indices (stable isotopes, % OC, molar C/N ratios) and microfossil/chemical biomarkers may reflect relative differences in the amount of carbon tracked by these different proxies. Although NO3- is likely responsible for most of the changes in phytoplankton production (post 1970s), historical changes in N loading from the watershed and hypoxia on the LDE shelf may not be as well linked in East China Sea (ECS) sediments due to possible denitrification/ammonification processes; finally, increases in low-oxygen tolerant foraminiferal microfossils indicate there has been an increase in the number of hypoxic bottom water events on the Changjiang LDE over the past 60 years. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Xinxin; Bianchi, Thomas S.; DiMarco, Steven F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Li, Xinxin; Yang, Guipeng] Ocean Univ China, Dept Marine Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Zuosheng] Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Seafloor Sci & Explorat Technol, Coll Marine Geosci, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
[Osterman, Lisa E.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Allison, Mead A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
RP Bianchi, TS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM tbianchi@tamu.edu
RI Allison, Mead/A-7208-2010; DiMarco, Steven/D-3650-2012
OI DiMarco, Steven/0000-0002-4394-9094
FU Texas A&M University Research Office; Chinese Scholarship Council
FX We would like to thank Zhigang Guo from Fudan University for help in
collection of the sediment core. Richard Smith, Kathryn Schreiner and
Zhao Xu provided assistance in the lab and graphing. This work was
supported in part by funding from Texas A&M University Research Office
and the Chinese Scholarship Council.
NR 93
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Z9 40
U1 3
U2 45
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-7963
EI 1879-1573
J9 J MARINE SYST
JI J. Mar. Syst.
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 86
IS 3-4
BP 57
EP 68
DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.003
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 750JV
UT WOS:000289543300003
ER
PT J
AU Richards, TM
Krebs, JM
McIvor, CC
AF Richards, Travis M.
Krebs, Justin M.
McIvor, Carole C.
TI Microhabitat associations of a semi-terrestrial fish, Kryptolebias
marmoratus (Poey 1880) in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest,
west-central Florida
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CPUE; Crab burrow; Habitat use; Killifish; Leaf litter;
Length-frequency; Mangrove rivulus; Trench trap
ID RIVULUS-MARMORATUS; SALT-MARSH; HABITAT; KILLIFISH; NEKTON; SELECTION;
PATTERNS; WETLANDS; GROWTH
AB Mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) is one of the few species of fish that is semi-terrestrial and able to use exposed intertidal and potentially supratidal habitats for prolonged periods of time. Based on previous work demonstrating frequent use of subterranean crab burrows as well as damp leaf litter and logs, we examined the microhabitat associations of rivulus in a mosquito-ditched mangrove forest on the Gulf coast of Florida near the northern limit of its distribution. We captured 161 rivulus on 20 dates between late April and mid-December 2007 using trench traps. Fish ranged in size from 7 to 35 mm SL. Peak abundance in midsummer coincided with recruitment of a new year-class. The three study sites occurred within 0.5 km of one another, and experienced similar water temperatures and salinities. Nevertheless, they differed in their degree of tidal inundation, standing stock of leaf litter, and density of entrances to fiddler crab burrows. We consistently observed the highest mean catches of rivulus away from permanent subtidal waters of mosquito ditches, at intermediate relative elevations, and where leaf litter was locally abundant. Density of entrances to crab burrows was apparently unrelated to rivulus distribution or abundance in these forests. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Richards, Travis M.] Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA.
[Krebs, Justin M.] Jacobs Technol US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP McIvor, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM carole_mcivor@usgs.gov
FU Tampa Bay Integrated Science Study; Eckerd College; U.S. Geological
Survey
FX We thank several anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved
this manuscript. We thank the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems
Program and Tampa Bay Integrated Science Study for funding this project.
A cooperative undergraduate student internship program between Eckerd
College and the U.S. Geological Survey supported T. Richards. We thank
the State of Florida's Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (State
of Florida Special Activity License #04SR-708B), Pinellas County and the
Weedon Island Preserve, specifically Steven Harper, for permission to
conduct this research. Bill Szelistowski provided valuable discussion to
guide the study and Mann Greenwood, Ed Sherwood and an anonymous
reviewer provided statistical advice. We thank Noah Hansen for
assistance with field work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government. [SS]
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD MAY 31
PY 2011
VL 401
IS 1-2
BP 48
EP 56
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.03.003
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 771PJ
UT WOS:000291172900007
ER
PT J
AU Aeby, GS
Williams, GJ
Franklin, EC
Kenyon, J
Cox, EF
Coles, S
Work, TM
AF Aeby, Greta S.
Williams, Gareth J.
Franklin, Erik C.
Kenyon, Jean
Cox, Evelyn F.
Coles, Steve
Work, Thierry M.
TI Patterns of Coral Disease across the Hawaiian Archipelago: Relating
Disease to Environment
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID WHITE-BAND DISEASE; INDO-PACIFIC; ACROPORA-PALMATA; GROWTH ANOMALIES;
REEF SYSTEM; KANEOHE BAY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PORITES-COMPRESSA; MODEL
SELECTION; PALMYRA ATOLL
AB In Hawaii, coral reefs occur across a gradient of biological (host abundance), climatic (sea surface temperature anomalies) and anthropogenic conditions from the human-impacted reefs of the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) to the pristine reefs of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Coral disease surveys were conducted at 142 sites from across the Archipelago and disease patterns examined. Twelve diseases were recorded from three coral genera (Porites, Montipora, Acropora) with Porites having the highest prevalence. Porites growth anomalies (PorGAs) were significantly more prevalent within and indicative of reefs in the MHI and Porites trematodiasis (PorTrm) was significantly more prevalent within and indicative of reefs in the NWHI. Porites tissue loss syndrome (PorTLS) was also important in driving regional differences but that relationship was less clear. These results highlight the importance of understanding disease ecology when interpreting patterns of disease occurrence. PorTrm is caused by a parasitic flatworm that utilizes multiple hosts during its life cycle (fish, mollusk and coral). All three hosts must be present for the disease to occur and higher host abundance leads to higher disease prevalence. Thus, a high prevalence of PorTrm on Hawaiian reefs would be an indicator of a healthy coral reef ecosystem. In contrast, the high occurrence of PorGAs within the MHI suggests that PorGAs are related, directly or indirectly, to some environmental co-factor associated with increased human population sizes. Focusing on the three indicator diseases (PorGAs, PorTrm, PorTLS) we used statistical modeling to examine the underlying associations between disease prevalence and 14 different predictor variables (biotic and abiotic). All three diseases showed positive associations with host abundance and negative associations with thermal stress. The association with human population density differed among disease states with PorGAs showing a positive and PorTrm showing a negative association, but no significant explanatory power was offered for PorTLS.
C1 [Aeby, Greta S.; Franklin, Erik C.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA.
[Williams, Gareth J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Williams, Gareth J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Kenyon, Jean] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Kenyon, Jean] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Cox, Evelyn F.] Univ Hawaii W Oahu, Pearl City, HI USA.
[Coles, Steve] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA.
RP Aeby, GS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA.
EM greta@hawaii.edu; gareth@ucsd.edu
RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015;
OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Kenyon, Jean/0000-0001-7682-475X
FU Victoria University of Wellington (VUW); New Zealand International
Doctoral Research Scholarship; Papahanaumokuakea Marine National
Monument-Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology MOA; Hawaii Coral Reef
Initiative; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAS5-03117]
FX GW was supported by a Victoria University of Wellington (VUW)
Vice-Chancellor's Strategic Research Scholarship and a New Zealand
International Doctoral Research Scholarship. GA was supported by the
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument-Hawaii Institute of Marine
Biology MOA. Funding for this research came, in part, from the Hawaii
Coral Reef Initiative and the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National
Monument-Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology MOA. The funders had no role
in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.; We thank the officers and crew of the
NOAA ships Oscar Elton Sette and Hi'ialakai, for logistic support and
field assistance. The Coral Reef Temperature Anomaly Database (CoRTAD)
was developed by the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center and the
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. It was provided by the NOAA
National Oceanographic Data Center at
http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/SatelliteData/Cortad/. Human population data
was provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information
Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; United Nations Food and
Agriculture Programme (FAO); and Centro Internacional de Agricultura
Tropical (CIAT) with funding from the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration under Contract NAS5-03117 for the Continued Operation of
the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). This manuscript
was greatly improved by input from two anonymous reviewers.
NR 90
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PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 31
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 5
AR e20370
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0020370
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 770OP
UT WOS:000291097600056
PM 21655248
ER
PT J
AU Pierce, KL
Morgan, LA
AF Pierce, Kenneth L.
Morgan, Lisa A.
TI Reply to the comment on the paper "Is the track of the Yellowstone
hotspot driven by a deep mantle plume?-Review of volcanism, faulting,
and uplift in light of new data"
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Pierce, Kenneth L.; Morgan, Lisa A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Morgan, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 973 Fed Ctr,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM lmorgan@usgs.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD MAY 30
PY 2011
VL 202
IS 3-4
BP 264
EP 265
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.02.011
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 772OB
UT WOS:000291242100009
ER
PT J
AU Sundareshwar, PV
Upadhayay, S
Abessa, M
Honomichl, S
Berdanier, B
Spaulding, SA
Sandvik, C
Trennepohl, A
AF Sundareshwar, P. V.
Upadhayay, S.
Abessa, M.
Honomichl, S.
Berdanier, B.
Spaulding, S. A.
Sandvik, C.
Trennepohl, A.
TI Didymosphenia geminata: Algal blooms in oligotrophic streams and rivers
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERTIDAL MARSH SEDIMENTS; SALINITY GRADIENT; MICROBIAL MATS;
PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; REDUCTION; BIOFILMS; ECOLOGY; QUALITY; IRON
AB In recent decades, the diatom Didymosphenia geminata has emerged as nuisance species in river systems around the world. This periphytic alga forms large "blooms" in temperate streams, presenting a counterintuitive result: the blooms occur primarily in oligotrophic streams and rivers, where phosphorus (P) availability typically limits primary production. The goal of this study is to examine how high algal biomass is formed under low P conditions. We reveal a biogeochemical process by which D. geminata mats concentrate P from flowing waters. First, the mucopolysaccaride stalks of D. geminata adsorb both iron (Fe) and P. Second, enzymatic and bacterial processes interact with Fe to increase the biological availability of P. We propose that a positive feedback between total stalk biomass and high growth rate is created, which results in abundant P for cell division. The affinity of stalks for Fe in association with iron-phosphorus biogeochemistry suggest a resolution to the paradox of algal blooms in oliogotrophic streams and rivers. Citation: Sundareshwar, P. V., S. Upadhayay, M. Abessa, S. Honomichl, B. Berdanier, S. A. Spaulding, C. Sandvik, and A. Trennepohl (2011), Didymosphenia geminata: Algal blooms in oligotrophic streams and rivers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10405, doi:10.1029/2010GL046599.
C1 [Sundareshwar, P. V.; Upadhayay, S.; Abessa, M.; Honomichl, S.; Sandvik, C.; Trennepohl, A.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA.
[Berdanier, B.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Spaulding, S. A.] US Geol Survey, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Sundareshwar, PV (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA.
EM pvs@sdsmt.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0745690]; State of South Dakota; NASA
[NCC5-588]
FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant
(DEB-0745690), the State of South Dakota Carbon Scientist fund, and NASA
(NCC5-588). We thank Edward Duke for assistance with Scanning Electron
Microscopy, and Rajesh Sani and Gursharan Singh for help with microbial
assays. Jill Baron, Diane McKnight, and Shalini Kanekar provided helpful
comments. We wish acknowledge the contributions of an anonymous reviewer
whose comments significantly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the U.S. Government.
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U1 0
U2 34
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 28
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L10405
DI 10.1029/2010GL046599
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 770PX
UT WOS:000291102100001
ER
PT J
AU Wang, XJ
Hutchinson, DR
Wu, SG
Yang, SX
Guo, YQ
AF Wang, Xiujuan
Hutchinson, Deborah R.
Wu, Shiguo
Yang, Shengxiong
Guo, Yiqun
TI Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in
the Shenhu area, South China Sea
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID PEARL RIVER MOUTH; LOWER CONGO BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE-SEDIMENTS;
BEARING SEDIMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; METHANE HYDRATE; SEISMIC DATA;
NORTHERN CASCADIA; FLUID-FLOW
AB Gas hydrate saturations were estimated using five different methods in silt and silty clay foraminiferous sediments from drill hole SH2 in the South China Sea. Gas hydrate saturations derived from observed pore water chloride values in core samples range from 10 to 45% of the pore space at 190-221 m below seafloor (mbsf). Gas hydrate saturations estimated from resistivity (R-t) using wireline logging results are similar and range from 10 to 40.5% in the pore space. Gas hydrate saturations were also estimated by P wave velocity obtained during wireline logging by using a simplified three-phase equation (STPE) and effective medium theory (EMT) models. Gas hydrate saturations obtained from the STPE velocity model (41.0% maximum) are slightly higher than those calculated with the EMT velocity model (38.5% maximum). Methane analysis from a 69 cm long depressurized core from the hydrate-bearing sediment zone indicates that gas hydrate saturation is about 27.08% of the pore space at 197.5 mbsf. Results from the five methods show similar values and nearly identical trends in gas hydrate saturations above the base of the gas hydrate stability zone at depths of 190 to 221 mbsf. Gas hydrate occurs within units of clayey slit and silt containing abundant calcareous nannofossils and foraminifer, which increase the porosities of the fine-grained sediments and provide space for enhanced gas hydrate formation. In addition, gas chimneys, faults, and fractures identified from three-dimensional (3-D) and high-resolution two-dimensional (2-D) seismic data provide pathways for fluids migrating into the gas hydrate stability zone which transport methane for the formation of gas hydrate. Sedimentation and local canyon migration may contribute to higher gas hydrate saturations near the base of the stability zone.
C1 [Wang, Xiujuan; Wu, Shiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Marine Geol & Environm, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Xiujuan; Wu, Shiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China.
[Hutchinson, Deborah R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Yang, Shengxiong; Guo, Yiqun] Guangzhou Marine Geol Survey, MLR, Guangzhou 510760, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Marine Geol & Environm, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China.
EM wangxiujuan@qdio.ac.cn
FU National Basic Research Program [2009CB219505]; International Science &
Technology Cooperation program of China [2010DFA21740]; National Natural
Science Foundation of China [40930845]
FX We would like to thank the science team of the gas hydrate program
expedition Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey-1 (GMGS-1). We are
grateful to Myung Lee and Tim Collett for calculating gas hydrate
saturations by the simplified three-phase equation model and discussing
interpretations of the well log data. They provided many ideas about why
the gas hydrate saturations are higher in fine-grained sediments in the
South China Sea. We thank William Waite, Carolyn Ruppel, and Hailong Lu,
who also discussed their thoughts about why higher gas hydrate
saturation can occur in the fine-grained sediments and the models of gas
hydrate-bearing sediment in other places. Myung Lee and Bill Dillon
provided many helpful comments and suggestions in their review of the
paper, which were much appreciated. We would like thank Kathy Rankin for
many grammatical improvements. Fang Chen answered our many questions
about mineral components at drilling sites, which was very helpful for
us to interpret our data. We thank Ray Boswell and an anonymous reviewer
and the Associate Editor for their thorough reviews and constructive
comments. Our research is supported by the National Basic Research
Program (2009CB219505), International Science & Technology Cooperation
program of China (2010DFA21740), and National Natural Science Foundation
of China (40930845).
NR 96
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAY 25
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B05102
DI 10.1029/2010JB007944
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 770RU
UT WOS:000291107000001
ER
PT J
AU Kline, RJ
Khan, IA
Holt, GJ
AF Kline, Richard J.
Khan, Izhar A.
Holt, G. Joan
TI Behavior, Color Change and Time for Sexual Inversion in the Protogynous
Grouper (Epinephelus adscensionis)
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CORAL-REEF FISH; TELEOST SOCIAL SIGNAL; BLUEHEAD WRASSE;
THALASSOMA-BIFASCIATUM; ANTHIAS-SQUAMIPINNIS; PISCES; FEMALE;
DICHROMATISM; REPRODUCTION; SERRANIDAE
AB Hermaphroditism, associated with territoriality and dominance behavior, is common in the marine environment. While male sex-specific coloration patterns have been documented in groupers, particularly during the spawning season, few data regarding social structure and the context for these color displays are available. In the present study, we define the social structure and male typical behavior of rock hind (Epinephelus adscensionis) in the wild. In addition, we detail the captive conditions and time period necessary to induce the onset of the sex-specific coloration and sexual change. At six oil production platform locations in the Gulf of Mexico, rock hind social group size and typical male rock hind social behavior were documented. We observed a rapid temporary color display in rock hind that could be turned on and off within three seconds and was used for confronting territory intruders and displays of aggression towards females. The male-specific "tuxedo" pattern consists of a bright yellow tail, a body with alternating dark brown and white patches and a dark bar extending from the upper mandible to the operculum. Identification and size ranges of male, female and intersex fish collected from oil platforms were determined in conjunction with gonadal histology. Rock hind social order is haremic with one dominant male defending a territory and a linear dominance hierarchy among individuals. In five captive experiments, the largest remaining female rock hind displayed the male specific color pattern within 32d after dominant male removal from the social group. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence in a grouper species of color patterning used to display territoriality and dominance outside of spawning aggregations. The behavioral paradigm described here is a key advance that will enable mechanistic studies of this complex sex change process.
C1 [Kline, Richard J.; Holt, G. Joan] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA.
[Khan, Izhar A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM USA.
RP Kline, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA.
EM rjkline@mail.utexas.edu
OI Khan, Izhar/0000-0002-2811-6561
FU Lund Fellowship in Marine Science; Sid Richardson Foundation
FX We acknowledge funding from the Lund Fellowship in Marine Science to RJK
and from the Sid Richardson Foundation to GJH and IAK. The funders had
no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 25
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 5
AR e19576
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019576
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 769IQ
UT WOS:000291006500005
PM 21647429
ER
PT J
AU Majzlan, J
Alpers, CN
Koch, CB
McCleskey, RB
Myneni, SCB
Neil, JM
AF Majzlan, Juraj
Alpers, Charles N.
Koch, Christian Bender
McCleskey, R. Blaine
Myneni, Satish C. B.
Neil, John M.
TI Vibrational, X-ray absorption, and Mossbauer spectra of sulfate minerals
from the weathered massive sulfide deposit at Iron Mountain, California
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Iron Mountain; Sulfate minerals; Infrared spectra; X-ray absorption
spectra; Mossbauer spectra; Oxygen bridging
ID HYDRATED FERRIC SULFATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INFRARED-SPECTRA;
REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; JAROSITE-GROUP; NEGATIVE
PH; EDGE XANES; ALUNITE; CHEMISTRY
AB The Iron Mountain Mine Superfund site in California is a prime example of an acid mine drainage (AMD) system with well developed assemblages of sulfate minerals typical for such settings. Here we present and discuss the vibrational (infrared), X-ray absorption, and Mossbauer spectra of a number of these phases, augmented by spectra of a few synthetic sulfates related to the AMD phases. The minerals and related phases studied in this work are (in order of increasing Fe(2)O(3)/FeO): szomolnokite, rozenite, siderotil, halotrichite, riimerite, voltaite, copiapite, monoclinic Fe(2)(SO(4))(3), Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)center dot 5H(2)O, kornelite, coquimbite, Fe (SO(4))(OH), jarosite and rhomboclase. Fourier transform infrared spectra in the region 750-4000 cm(-1) are presented for all studied phases. Position of the FTIR bands is discussed in terms of the vibrations of sulfate ions, hydroxyl groups, and water molecules. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra were collected for selected samples. The feature of greatest interest is a series of weak pre-edge peaks whose position is determined by the number of bridging oxygen atoms between Fe(3+) octahedra and sulfate tetrahedra. Mossbauer spectra of selected samples were obtained at room temperature and 80K for ferric minerals jarosite and rhomboclase and mixed ferric-ferrous minerals romerite, voltaite, and copiapite. Values of Fe(2+)/[Fe(2+) Fe(3+)] determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy agree well with those determined by wet chemical analysis. The data presented here can be used as standards in spectroscopic work where spectra of well-characterized compounds are required to identify complex mixtures of minerals and related phases. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Majzlan, Juraj] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-07749 Jena, Germany.
[Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Koch, Christian Bender] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Basic Sci & Environm, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
[McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Myneni, Satish C. B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Neil, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Majzlan, J (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, Burgweg 11, D-07749 Jena, Germany.
EM Juraj.Majzlan@uni-jena.de
RI Koch, Christian /C-7070-2013;
OI Koch, Christian /0000-0002-7496-297X; Alpers,
Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052
NR 74
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 41
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD MAY 24
PY 2011
VL 284
IS 3-4
BP 296
EP 305
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.03.008
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 774JI
UT WOS:000291381100009
ER
PT J
AU Kong, WG
Wang, A
Chou, IM
AF Kong, W. G.
Wang, Alian
Chou, I-Ming
TI Experimental determination of the phase boundary between kornelite and
pentahydrated ferric sulfate at 0.1 MPa
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrous ferric sulfates; Experiment; Kornelite; Pentahydrate; Phase
boundary
ID HUMIDITY-BUFFER TECHNIQUE; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; THERMODYNAMIC DATA;
CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; IRON MOUNTAIN; SULFURIC-ACID; NEGATIVE PH;
EQUILIBRIA; MARS; SYSTEM
AB Recent findings of various ferric sulfates on Mars emphasize the importance of understanding the fundamental properties of ferric sulfates at temperatures relevant to that of Martian surface. In this study, the phase boundary between kornelite (Fe-2(SO4)(3)center dot 7H(2)O) and pentahydrated ferric sulfate (Fe-2(SO4)(3)center dot 5H(2)O) was experimentally determined using the humidity-buffer technique together with gravimetric measurements and Raman spectroscopy at 0.1 MPa in the 36-56 degrees C temperature range. Through the thermodynamic analysis of our experimental data, the enthalpy change (-290.8 +/- 0.3 kJ/mol) and the Gibbs free energy change (-238.82 +/- 0.02 kJ/mol) for each water molecule of crystallization in the rehydration of pentahydrated ferric sulfate to kornelite were obtained. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kong, W. G.] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China.
[Kong, W. G.; Wang, Alian] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Kong, W. G.; Wang, Alian] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Kong, WG (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China.
EM gavink@levee.wustl.edu
FU Chinese Scholarship Council; NASA [NNX07AQ34G, NNX10AM89G]
FX We thank Jill D. Pasteris and Randy L Korotev for their help on
providing some essential experimental equipment. We thank Harvey Belkin
and Rob Robinson of USGS for their critical reviews. We highly
appreciate the constructive suggestions from Jeremy Fein and two
anonymous reviewers for the improvement of our manuscript. We thank
Randy L Korotev for correcting the grammar errors of this manuscript.
This study was supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council (to WGK) and
two NASA Mars Fundamental Research projects (NNX07AQ34G and NNX10AM89G).
The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for
descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the
U.S. Government.
NR 50
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
EI 1878-5999
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD MAY 24
PY 2011
VL 284
IS 3-4
BP 333
EP 338
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.03.014
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 774JI
UT WOS:000291381100013
ER
PT J
AU Murphy, PJ
St-Hilaire, S
Corn, PS
AF Murphy, Peter J.
St-Hilaire, Sophie
Corn, Paul Stephen
TI Temperature, hydric environment, and prior pathogen exposure alter the
experimental severity of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Boreal toads; Disease severity; Chytridiomycosis; Temperature; Moisture;
Acquired immunity
ID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS INFECTION; GLOBAL AMPHIBIAN DECLINES;
SKIN PEPTIDE DEFENSES; CHYTRID FUNGUS; BODY TEMPERATURES; BUFO-BOREAS;
DISEASE; FROG; HABITATS; DNA
AB Prevalence of the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), implicated in amphibian population declines worldwide, is associated with habitat moisture and temperature, but few studies have varied these factors and measured the response to infection in amphibian hosts. We evaluated how varying humidity, contact with water, and temperature affected the manifestation of chytridiomycosis in boreal toads Anaxyrus (Bufo) boreas boreas and how prior exposure to Bd affects the likelihood of survival after re-exposure, such as may occur seasonally in long-lived species. Humidity did not affect survival or the degree of Bd infection, but a longer time in contact with water increased the likelihood of mortality. After exposure to similar to 10(6) Bd zoospores, all toads in continuous contact with water died within 30 d. Moreover, Bd-exposed toads that were disease-free after 64 d under dry conditions, developed lethal chytridiomycosis within 70 d of transfer to wet conditions. Toads in unheated aquaria (mean = 15 degrees C) survived less than 48 d, while those in moderately heated aquaria (mean = 18 degrees C) survived 115 d post-exposure and exhibited behavioral fever, selecting warmer sites across a temperature gradient. We also found benefits of prior Bd infection: previously exposed toads survived 3 times longer than Bd-naive toads after re-exposure to 10(6) zoospores (89 vs. 30 d), but only when dry microenvironments were available. This study illustrates how the outcome of Bd infection in boreal toads is environmentally dependent: when continuously wet, high reinfection rates may overwhelm defenses, but periodic drying, moderate warming, and previous infection may allow infected toads to extend their survival.
C1 [Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
[Murphy, Peter J.; St-Hilaire, Sophie] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
RP Murphy, PJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, MS 186, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
EM pjmurphy@unr.edu
FU USGS Park [77-NRMS]; NSF [SBE-0620073]; Idaho State University
FX We thank M. Kelemete, R. Marcum, D. Baumer, and A. Wilson for help with
animal husbandry. E. Davinroy and the Colorado Division of Wildlife
provided animals from the John W. Mumma Native Aquatic Species
Restoration Facility. This project was funded by USGS Park-Oriented
Biological Support (#77-NRMS), WeLEAD (NSF seed grant SBE-0620073), and
Idaho State University. Protocols were approved by the ISU Institutional
Animal Care and Use Committee (#610). Any use of trade, product, or firm
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the US Government.
NR 49
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 35
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD MAY 24
PY 2011
VL 95
IS 1
BP 31
EP 42
DI 10.3354/dao02336
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 768SE
UT WOS:000290957500004
PM 21797033
ER
PT J
AU Talbott, MJ
Van Eenennaam, JP
Linares-Casenave, J
Doroshov, SI
Guy, CS
Struffenegger, P
Webb, MAH
AF Talbott, Mariah J.
Van Eenennaam, Joel P.
Linares-Casenave, Javier
Doroshov, Serge I.
Guy, Christopher S.
Struffenegger, Peter
Webb, Molly A. H.
TI Investigating the use of plasma testosterone and estradiol-17 beta to
detect ovarian follicular atresia in farmed white sturgeon, Acipenser
transmontanus
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Sturgeon; Caviar; Ovarian atresia; Plasma steroids
ID SEX STEROIDS; STELLATUS PALLAS; FINAL MATURATION; CONSERVATION;
INDICATORS; PROFILES; PERSICUS; REGIME; STRESS; SALMON
AB To improve quality and yield of caviar in farmed white sturgeon it is essential to correctly assess the stage of ovarian maturity and avoid harvesting females with atretic ovarian follicles. To detect atresia by changes in blood plasma sex steroids, individual females (N = 10) in the late phase of oogenesis were repeatedly bled and their ovaries biopsied before and after onset of ovarian atresia. Follicular atresia was induced by transferring females from cold (10-13 degrees C) to warm water (20 degrees C). Ovarian follicle diameter increased and oocyte polarization index decreased in sampled fish over time. Plasma testosterone concentrations in fish with normal follicles were significantly higher, compared to fish with early histological signs of follicular atresia, such as structural changes in the chorion. Plasma estradiol concentrations declined to below detection limit prior to histological signs of atresia in 55% of the fish. Ninety five percent of fish with normal ovarian follicles and 93% of fish with atretic ovarian follicles were correctly classified using a discriminant function analysis based upon plasma testosterone concentrations. Logistic regression models were developed to predict the probability of normal ovaries based on plasma concentrations of sex steroids and can be further refined to improve selection of fish with normal ovaries for caviar harvest. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Talbott, Mariah J.; Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Van Eenennaam, Joel P.; Linares-Casenave, Javier; Doroshov, Serge I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Struffenegger, Peter] Sterling Caviar, Elverta, CA 95626 USA.
RP Webb, MAH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM Molly_Webb@fws.gov
FU Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture
[2007-38500-18593]
FX The authors greatly appreciate Mark Greenwood and Olga Vsevolozhskaya
for statistical counseling and Peter Brown for assistance with graphing
logistic regressions. This study was funded by a grant from the Western
Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under grant
number 2007-38500-18593.
NR 37
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD MAY 21
PY 2011
VL 315
IS 3-4
BP 283
EP 289
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.041
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 768JO
UT WOS:000290930500016
ER
PT J
AU Servid, SA
Talbott, MJ
Van Eenennaam, JP
Doroshov, SI
Struffenegger, P
Webb, MAH
Cavinato, AG
AF Servid, Sarah A.
Talbott, Mariah J.
Van Eenennaam, Joel P.
Doroshov, Serge I.
Struffenegger, Peter
Webb, Molly A. H.
Cavinato, Anna G.
TI Rapid noninvasive characterization of ovarian follicular atresia in
cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) by near infrared
spectroscopy
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Atresia; Short-wavelength NIR spectroscopy; Non-destructive analysis;
Caviar; Farmed sturgeon; SIMCA
ID HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION; 600-1100 NM; CANCER; TEMPERATURE; BREAST;
TISSUE; WILD; LIVE; FAT
AB We report a rapid and noninvasive method based on short wavelength near infrared (SW-NIR) spectroscopy to detect onset of atresia in farmed white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) (N=10). The only current means to assess follicular atresia is by direct oocyte examination which requires a surgical biopsy of the ovary. In this study, abdominal scans were collected noninvasively by SW-NIR on anesthetized females using a diffuse reflectance fiber optic probe. In addition, to further verify the ability to detect spectroscopical changes related to onset of atresia, during each sampling roughly 30 cm(3) of ovarian follicles was surgically removed from each female and transferred to a Teflon holder for spectral acquisition. Comparison of spectra collected on normal or atretic fish or ovarian follicles was conducted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Principal components suggest that the best indicator of atresia onset is a decrease in the intensity of the lipid bands at 930 nm. Prediction models for atresia were constructed using Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) with leave-one-out cross validation. Seventy one percent of all atretic spectra and 65% of normal spectra collected on ovarian follicles were correctly classified. Exclusion of spectra from two potential outlier fish improved the predictability of normal ovarian follicles to 76%. Similarly, 72% of all atretic spectra and 59% of all normal spectra collected noninvasively in whole fish were correctly classified. Exclusion from the model of spectra from the same two outlier fish improved prediction of atresia from 72% to 75% as well as improving the prediction of normal spectra from 59% to 62%. This study represents the first example of using a noninvasive approach based on SW-NIR to detect onset of atresia in female sturgeon. Upon further development, this approach may potentially replace the need for surgical biopsy to detect ovarian regression. The availability of the proposed spectroscopic approach would grant sturgeon growers a powerful tool to follow more closely the maturation cycle with the goal of producing a consistently uniform product, standardize processing conditions, and maximize caviar yield by harvesting fish when the ovarian follicles have the appropriate firmness and a larger size. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Servid, Sarah A.; Cavinato, Anna G.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
[Talbott, Mariah J.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Van Eenennaam, Joel P.; Doroshov, Serge I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Struffenegger, Peter] Sterling Caviar LLC, Elverta, CA 95626 USA.
[Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
RP Cavinato, AG (reprint author), Eastern Oregon Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1 Univ Blvd, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
EM acavinat@eou.edu
FU Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture
[2007-38500-18593]
FX This study was funded by a grant from the Western Region Aquaculture
Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under grant number
2007-38500-18593.
NR 39
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD MAY 21
PY 2011
VL 315
IS 3-4
BP 290
EP 297
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.11.052
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 768JO
UT WOS:000290930500017
ER
PT J
AU Lu, XN
Webb, MAH
Talbott, MJ
Van Eenennaam, JP
Doroshov, SI
Rasco, BA
AF Lu, Xiaonan
Webb, Molly A. H.
Talbott, Mariah J.
Van Eenennaam, Joel P.
Doroshov, Serge I.
Rasco, Barbara A.
TI A study of biochemical parameters associated with ovarian atresia and
quality of caviar in farmed white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) by
Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE FT-IR; Sturgeon; Atresia; Plasma; Caviar
ID RAINBOW-TROUT LIVER; APPLE JUICE; ALICYCLOBACILLUS STRAINS;
DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; OOCYTE MATURATION; STRETCHING BANDS; YOLK
PROTEINS; VITELLOGENIN; GONADOTROPINS; SPECTRA
AB Morphological and biochemical changes in white sturgeon (N = 11) plasma and ovarian follicles were monitored during late vitellogenesis and follicular atresia using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR. 4000-400 cm(-1)). with the objective to predict ovarian regression. Spectral features of plasma were correlated with ovarian follicular atresia based upon changes in spectra of sex steroids and vitellogenin. Principal Component Analysis could differentiate ovarian maturity during vitellogenesis and onset and progression of ovarian regression. It was possible to predict the ovarian conditions (late vitellogenesis vs. early atresia) about 70% of the time using Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy models. We conclude that FT-IR spectroscopy provides a useful tool for predicting ovarian maturity and optimal time of roe harvest. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Lu, Xiaonan; Rasco, Barbara A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA.
[Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Talbott, Mariah J.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Van Eenennaam, Joel P.; Doroshov, Serge I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Rasco, BA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, POB 646376, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
EM rasco@wsu.edu
FU Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture
[2007-38500-18593]
FX This study was funded by a grant from the Western Region Aquaculture
Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under grant number
2007-38500-18593.
NR 44
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD MAY 21
PY 2011
VL 315
IS 3-4
BP 298
EP 305
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.048
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 768JO
UT WOS:000290930500018
ER
PT J
AU Lynch, HJ
Grant, EHC
Muneepeerakul, R
Arunachalam, M
Rodriguez-Iturbe, I
Fagan, WF
AF Lynch, Heather J.
Grant, Evan H. Campbell
Muneepeerakul, Rachata
Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy
Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio
Fagan, William F.
TI How restructuring river connectivity changes freshwater fish
biodiversity and biogeography
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NETWORK STRUCTURE; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS;
ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; EXTINCTION
RISK; NEUTRAL MODEL; LIFE-HISTORY; LANDSCAPE
AB Interbasin water transfer projects, in which river connectivity is restructured via man-made canals, are an increasingly popular solution to address the spatial mismatch between supply and demand of fresh water. However, the ecological consequences of such restructuring remain largely unexplored, and there are no general theoretical guidelines from which to derive these expectations. River systems provide excellent opportunities to explore how network connectivity shapes habitat occupancy, community dynamics, and biogeographic patterns. We apply a neutral model (which assumes competitive equivalence among species within a stochastic framework) to an empirically derived river network to explore how proposed changes in network connectivity may impact patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity. Without predicting the responses of individual extant species, we find the addition of canals connecting hydrologically isolated river basins facilitates the spread of common species and increases average local species richness without changing the total species richness of the system. These impacts are sensitive to the parameters controlling the spatial scale of fish dispersal, with increased dispersal affording more opportunities for biotic restructuring at the community and landscape scales. Connections between isolated basins have a much larger effect on local species richness than those connecting reaches within a river basin, even when those within-basin reaches are far apart. As a result, interbasin canal projects have the potential for long-term impacts to continental-scale riverine communities.
C1 [Lynch, Heather J.; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Muneepeerakul, Rachata; Rodriguez-Iturbe, Ignacio] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy] Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Sri Paramakalyani Ctr Environm Sci, Alwarkurichi 627412, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Lynch, HJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM hlynch@umd.edu; ehgrant@usgs.gov; rachata.muneepeerakul@asu.edu;
arunacm@gmail.com; irodrigu@princeton.edu; bfagan@umd.edu
RI Lynch, Heather/E-7371-2012; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014
OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496
FU James S. McDonnell Foundation [220020138]
FX We thank E. Lind and P. Unmack for helpful comments on the manuscript.
We acknowledge the support of the James S. McDonnell Foundation through
their Studying Complex Systems grant (220020138).
NR 60
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 9
U2 42
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAY 21
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W05531
DI 10.1029/2010WR010330
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 768DA
UT WOS:000290910500003
ER
PT J
AU Lawrence, CR
Neff, JC
Farmer, GL
AF Lawrence, Corey R.
Neff, Jason C.
Farmer, G. Lang
TI The accretion of aeolian dust in soils of the San Juan Mountains,
Colorado, USA
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; EOLIAN DUST; ALPINE SOILS; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT;
SOUTHEASTERN UTAH; STRONTIUM ISOTOPE; CHANGING SOURCES; SURFACE MANTLES;
ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CALCIUM SOURCES
AB Recent observations suggest a contemporary aeolian dust flux of at least 5-10 g m(-2) yr(-1) to high-elevation ecosystems of the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. To better quantify the influence of dust on San Juan soil geochemistry, we used Sr and Nd isotopic mixing models to estimate the total mass of accreted dust in soils of two alpine basins underlain by bedrocks of different geochemical composition. In order to minimize the potentially confounding effects caused by transient soil pools of Sr and Nd, we implemented a sequential leaching procedure that isolates the residual mineral fraction of soils and their putative parent materials, including local saprolite and exogenous dust inputs. Using this approach, we calculated masses of accreted dust in soils, which were similar across the two isotopic tracers and differing local geologies. Long-term rates of dust accretion were estimated to be slightly higher than contemporary rates of dust deposition. We conclude that dust inputs comprise from 10% to 40% of the total soil mass in these ecosystems. Our observations suggest that dust inputs have exerted a primary control on soil development in the San Juan Mountains and have likely influenced the physical and chemical characteristics of soils in this region.
C1 [Lawrence, Corey R.; Neff, Jason C.; Farmer, G. Lang] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Lawrence, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM clawrence@usgs.gov
RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Lawrence, Corey/F-4742-2014
OI Lawrence, Corey/0000-0002-0219-9610
FU National Science Foundation; Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies;
Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research; Mountain Studies Institute;
Geologic Society of America; Colorado Mountain Club; Andrew R. Mellon
Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was funded through a National Science Foundation Doctoral
Dissertation Improvement Grant, awarded to C. R. Lawrence and J. C.
Neff. In addition, the Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies, the Niwot
Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research project, the Mountain Studies
Institute, the Geologic Society of America, the Colorado Mountain Club,
the Andrew R. Mellon Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey provided
additional financial and/or logistical support for this project. We
would also like to acknowledge the personal contributions of Susan
Anderson, Alex Blum, Sarah Castle, Elizabeth Costello, Dennis Eberl,
Alexis Templeton, Kate Maher, Tom Painter, Richard Reynolds, Emily
Verplank, and Mark Williams.
NR 64
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 5
U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.
PD MAY 20
PY 2011
VL 116
AR F02013
DI 10.1029/2010JF001899
PG 20
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 768KQ
UT WOS:000290933900001
ER
PT J
AU Nielsen, SG
Gannoun, A
Marnham, C
Burton, KW
Halliday, AN
Hein, JR
AF Nielsen, Sune G.
Gannoun, Abdelmouhcine
Marnham, Charles
Burton, Kevin W.
Halliday, Alex N.
Hein, James R.
TI New age for ferromanganese crust 109D-C and implications for isotopic
records of lead, neodymium, hafnium, and thallium in the Pliocene Indian
Ocean
SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; FE-MN CRUSTS;
NORTH-ATLANTIC; MANGANESE NODULES; CENTRAL PACIFIC; MASS-BALANCE;
STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; OSMIUM ISOTOPES; GROWTH-RATES
AB This study presents a high-resolution record of osmium and thallium isotopes in a ferro-manganese (Fe-Mn) crust from the Indian Ocean, Antipode 109D-C. These results, when combined with additional new Os isotope data from ODP Hole 756B in the southeast Indian Ocean, define a new best estimate for the age at the base of this crust of similar to 6.5 Ma, which is significantly different from a previous estimate of similar to 15 Ma based on Co-flux modeling. The Tl isotope record obtained for the Indian Ocean resembles that for the Pacific Ocean with a small but well-defined increase occurring over the last similar to 5 Myr. This contrasts with two records from the Atlantic Ocean which do not have resolvable variations. Ocean basin-scale Tl isotope variation may be inconsistent with the inferred modern marine residence time for Tl of similar to 20 kyr but could be explained by an increase in ocean crust production rates in the Pacific and Indian oceans since similar to 10 Ma. The improved age model for 109D-C reveals that the Hf isotope composition of Indian Ocean bottom waters has remained homogenous over the last similar to 6 Myr. Thus, this isotope system does not bear any evidence that the influence of North Atlantic Deep Water in the formation of Indian Ocean bottom waters has changed during that time. However, because of the lack of knowledge about Hf isotopes as a tracer of ocean circulation, we cannot conclude that export of NADW decreased over the last 6 Myr.
C1 [Nielsen, Sune G.; Gannoun, Abdelmouhcine; Marnham, Charles; Burton, Kevin W.; Halliday, Alex N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England.
[Gannoun, Abdelmouhcine] Univ Clermont Ferrand, OPGC, LMV, UMR 6524, Clermont Ferrand, France.
[Hein, James R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Nielsen, SG (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England.
EM sunen@earth.ox.ac.uk
RI Nielsen, Sune/C-7345-2011;
OI Nielsen, Sune/0000-0002-0458-3739
FU NERC
FX The authors would like to thank K. Hendry, J. Pett-Ridge, A. Thomas, and
T. van de Flierdt for discussions about this work. A. J. West is thanked
for informally reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. Derek
Vance and Martin Frank are thanked for their valuable comments that led
to the rewriting of this manuscript. S.G.N. is funded by a NERC
Fellowship.
NR 79
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 5
U2 31
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0883-8305
J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
JI Paleoceanography
PD MAY 20
PY 2011
VL 26
AR PA2213
DI 10.1029/2010PA002003
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology
SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology
GA 768CL
UT WOS:000290909000001
ER
PT J
AU De Angelis, S
McNutt, SR
Webley, PW
AF De Angelis, S.
McNutt, S. R.
Webley, P. W.
TI Evidence of atmospheric gravity waves during the 2008 eruption of Okmok
volcano from seismic and remote sensing observations
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALASKA; NOISE; CLOUDS
AB Okmok volcano erupted on July 12, 2008, following an 11-year hiatus. Detailed inspection of the syn-eruptive seismograms revealed the presence of an ultra long-period mode at a frequency of 1.7 mHz, which is not a characteristic of the background seismic noise at Okmok. Data collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and National Aeronautical and Space Administration Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors displayed the propagation of a vigorous ash-and-steam plume up to about 17 km above sea level. We suggest that the observed ultra long-period signals represent the response of the seismometer to changes in gravity associated with buoyancy oscillations set off in the lower atmosphere above Okmok by the emplacement of the eruption column. Calculations based on simple modeling of these effects allowed estimation of peak atmospheric pressure perturbations associated with the eruption of less than 1 mbar. Citation: De Angelis, S., S. R. McNutt, and P. W. Webley (2011), Evidence of atmospheric gravity waves during the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano from seismic and remote sensing observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10303, doi:10.1029/2011GL047144.
C1 [De Angelis, S.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[McNutt, S. R.; Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[McNutt, S. R.; Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP De Angelis, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM deangelissilvio@yahoo.it
RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015
OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151
FU Alaska Volcano Observatory
FX This work was partially supported by the Alaska Volcano Observatory.
Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) is a joint program of the United States
Geological Survey (USGS), the Geophysical Institute of the University of
Alaska Fairbanks (UAFGI), and the State of Alaska Division of Geological
and Geophysical Surveys (ADGGS). The facilities of the IRIS Data
Management System, and specifically the IRIS Data Management Center,
were used for access to waveform and metadata required in this study.
The authors thank M. Ripepe and P. Lognonne for their insightful reviews
that contributed to improve the manuscript.
NR 24
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 18
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L10303
DI 10.1029/2011GL047144
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 767QV
UT WOS:000290872000003
ER
PT J
AU Daub, EG
Shelly, DR
Guyer, RA
Johnson, PA
AF Daub, Eric G.
Shelly, David R.
Guyer, Robert A.
Johnson, Paul A.
TI Brittle and ductile friction and the physics of tectonic tremor
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; SILENT SLIP;
EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD; CONTACTS; BENEATH
AB Observations of nonvolcanic tremor provide a unique window into the mechanisms of deformation and failure in the lower crust. At increasing depths, rock deformation gradually transitions from brittle, where earthquakes occur, to ductile, with tremor occurring in the transitional region. The physics of deformation in the transition region remain poorly constrained, limiting our basic understanding of tremor and its relation to earthquakes. We combine field and laboratory observations with a physical friction model comprised of brittle and ductile components, and use the model to provide constraints on the friction and stress state in the lower crust. A phase diagram is constructed that characterizes under what conditions all faulting behaviors occur, including earthquakes, tremor, silent transient slip, and steady sliding. Our results show that tremor occurs over a range of ductile and brittle frictional strengths, and advances our understanding of the physical conditions at which tremor and earthquakes take place. Citation: Daub, E. G., D. R. Shelly, R. A. Guyer, and P. A. Johnson (2011), Brittle and ductile friction and the physics of tectonic tremor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10301, doi:10.1029/2011GL046866.
C1 [Daub, Eric G.; Guyer, Robert A.; Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Shelly, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Daub, Eric G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Guyer, Robert A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Daub, EG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM edaub@lanl.gov
OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003
NR 26
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 17
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L10301
DI 10.1029/2011GL046866
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 767QT
UT WOS:000290871800002
ER
PT J
AU Ni, YY
Ma, QS
Ellis, GS
Dai, JX
Katz, B
Zhang, SC
Tang, YC
AF Ni, Yunyan
Ma, Qisheng
Ellis, Geoffrey S.
Dai, Jinxing
Katz, Barry
Zhang, Shuichang
Tang, Yongchun
TI Fundamental studies on kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of hydrogen isotope
fractionation in natural gas systems
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; METASTABLE EQUILIBRIUM; PRIMARY CRACKING;
CARBON; METHANE; HYDROCARBONS; KEROGEN; RATIOS; GENERATION; PETROLEUM
AB Based on quantum chemistry calculations for normal octane homolytic cracking, a kinetic hydrogen isotope fractionation model for methane, ethane, and propane formation is proposed. The activation energy differences between D-substitute and non-substituted methane, ethane, and propane are 318.6, 281.7, and 280.2 cal/mol, respectively. In order to determine the effect of the entropy contribution for hydrogen isotopic substitution, a transition state for ethane bond rupture was determined based on density function theory (DFT) calculations. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) associated with bond rupture in D and H substituted ethane results in a frequency factor ratio of 1.07. Based on the proposed mathematical model of hydrogen isotope fractionation, one can potentially quantify natural gas thermal maturity from measured hydrogen isotope values. Calculated gas maturity values determined by the proposed mathematical model using delta D values in ethane from several basins in the world are in close agreement with similar predictions based on the delta C-13 composition of ethane. However, gas maturity values calculated from field data of methane and propane using both hydrogen and carbon kinetic isotopic models do not agree as closely. It is possible that dD values in methane may be affected by microbial mixing and that propane values might be more susceptible to hydrogen exchange with water or to analytical errors. Although the model used in this study is quite preliminary, the results demonstrate that kinetic isotope fractionation effects in hydrogen may be useful in quantitative models of natural gas generation, and that dD values in ethane might be more suitable for modeling than comparable values in methane and propane. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ma, Qisheng; Tang, Yongchun] Power Environm & Energy Res Inst, Covina, CA 91722 USA.
[Ni, Yunyan; Dai, Jinxing; Zhang, Shuichang] PetroChina, Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Ellis, Geoffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[Katz, Barry] Chevron Corp, Energy Technol Co, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77002 USA.
RP Tang, YC (reprint author), Power Environm & Energy Res Inst, 738 Arrow Grand Circle, Covina, CA 91722 USA.
EM tang@peeri.org
RI Tang, Yongchun/G-7473-2011;
OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320
NR 60
TC 15
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U1 2
U2 25
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
EI 1872-9533
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD MAY 15
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 10
BP 2696
EP 2707
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.016
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 796XT
UT WOS:000293087500008
ER
PT J
AU Culver, SJ
Farrell, KM
Mallinson, DJ
Willard, DA
Horton, BP
Riggs, SR
Thieler, ER
Wehmiller, JF
Parham, P
Snyder, SW
Hillier, C
AF Culver, Stephen J.
Farrell, Kathleen M.
Mallinson, David J.
Willard, Debra A.
Horton, Benjamin P.
Riggs, Stanley R.
Thieler, E. Robert
Wehmiller, John F.
Parham, Peter
Snyder, Scott W.
Hillier, Caroline
TI Micropaleontologic record of Quaternary paleoenvironments in the Central
Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, USA
SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Foraminifera; Diatoms; Pollen; Paleoenvironments; Pleistocene; Holocene
ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; CAL KYR BP; SEA-LEVEL; OUTER BANKS;
HOLOCENE CLIMATE; COASTAL-PLAIN; FORAMINIFERA; SEDIMENTS; HISTORY;
MARGIN
AB To understand the temporal and spatial variation of eustatic sea-level fluctuations, glacio-hydro-isostacy, tectonics, subsidence, geologic environments and sedimentation patterns for the Quaternary of a passive continental margin, a nearly complete stratigraphic record that is fully integrated with a three dimensional chronostratigraphic framework, and paleoenvironmental information are necessary. The Albemarle Embayment, a Cenozoic regional depositional basin in eastern North Carolina located on the southeast Atlantic coast of the USA, is an ideal setting to unravel these dynamic, interrelated processes.
Micropaleontological data, coupled with sedimentologic, chronostratigraphic and seismic data provide the bases for detailed interpretations of paleoenvironmental evolution and paleoclimates in the 90 m thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment. The data presented here come from a transect of cores drilled through a barrier island complex in the central Albemarle Embayment. This area sits in a ramp-like setting between late Pleistocene incised valleys.
The data document the episodic infilling of the Albemarle Embayment throughout the Quaternary as a series of transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles, characterized by inner shelf, midshelf, and shoreface assemblages, that overlie remnants of fluvial to estuarine valley-fill. Barrier island and marginal marine deposits have a low preservation potential. Inner to mid-shelf deposits of the early Pleistocene are overlain by similar middle Pleistocene shelf sediments in the south of the study area but entirely by inner shelf deposits in the north. Late Pleistocene marine sediments are of inner shelf origin and Holocene deposits are marginal marine in nature. Pleistocene marine sediments are incised, particularly in the northern half of the embayment by lowstand paleovalleys, partly filled by fluvial/floodplain deposits and in some cases, overlain by remnants of transgressive estuarine sediments. The shallowing through time of Quaternary sediments reflects the eastward progradational geometry of the continental shelf.
The preservation potential of marginal marine deposits (barrier island, shoreface. backbarrier deposits) is not high, except in topographic lows associated with late Pleistocene paleovalleys and inlets because the current interglacial highstand has not yet reached its highest level. Given the documented increase in rate of relative sea-level rise in this region, shallow marine conditions are likely to return to the central Albemarle Embayment in the near future. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Culver, Stephen J.; Mallinson, David J.; Riggs, Stanley R.; Parham, Peter; Snyder, Scott W.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
[Farrell, Kathleen M.] Raleigh Field Off & Core Repository, N Carolina Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA.
[Willard, Debra A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Horton, Benjamin P.] Univ Penn, Sea Level Res Lab, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Wehmiller, John F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Hillier, Caroline] Argus Ecol Ltd, Annfield Plain, Durham DH9 7XN, England.
RP Culver, SJ (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Graham Rm 101, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
EM culvers@ecu.edu
OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717
FU USGS [02ERAG0044, 02ERAG0050, 01CRAG0015]; NSF [OCE-9807266]
FX We thank D.R. Corbett, I. Abbene, C.W. Hoffman, D. Merritt, B. Landacre,
C. Grand Pre, A. Kemp, J. Smith, M. Robertson, J. Roberts, J. Jomp, J.
Foley, J. Ricardo, J. Pierson, R. Pruitt and T. Sheehan for their help
and support and T. Cronin, C. Bernhardt, C. Brunner and S. Gallagher for
reviews. MA Buzas and J. Jett provided access to the Cushman Collection
of foraminifera, Smithsonian Institution and J. Whittaker and C. Jones
to the foraminiferal collections in The Natural History Museum, London.
This research is part of the North Carolina Coastal Geology Cooperative
Program (NCCGC). Funding for the USGS cooperative agreement awards
02ERAG0044, 02ERAG0050, and 01CRAG0015 and for NSF Cooperative agreement
award OCE-9807266 is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 75
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0031-0182
J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL
JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2011
VL 305
IS 1-4
BP 227
EP 249
DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.004
PG 23
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology
GA 773EY
UT WOS:000291291000019
ER
PT J
AU Kniskern, TA
Warrick, JA
Farnsworth, KL
Wheatcroft, RA
Goni, MA
AF Kniskern, Tara A.
Warrick, Jonathan A.
Farnsworth, Katherine L.
Wheatcroft, Robert A.
Goni, Miguel A.
TI Coherence of river and ocean conditions along the US West Coast during
storms
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE River-ocean coherence; Sediment transport; River discharge; Wave-orbital
velocities; Seasonal time-scales; Continental shelves
ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DRIVEN SEDIMENT
TRANSPORT; SMALL MOUNTAINOUS RIVERS; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON;
PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EEL RIVER; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA;
NEW-ZEALAND
AB The majority of water and sediment discharge from the small, mountainous watersheds of the US West Coast occurs during and immediately following winter storms. The physical conditions (waves, currents, and winds) within and acting upon the proximal coastal ocean during these winter storms strongly influence dispersal patterns. We examined this river-ocean temporal coherence for four coastal river-shelf systems of the US West Coast (Umpqua, Eel, Salinas, and Santa Clara) to evaluate whether specific ocean conditions occur during floods that may influence coastal dispersal of sediment. Eleven years of corresponding river discharge, wind, and wave data were obtained for each river-shelf system from USGS and NOAA historical records, and each record was evaluated for seasonal and event-based patterns. Because near-bed shear stresses due to waves influence sediment resuspension and transport, we used spectral wave data to compute and evaluate wave-generated bottom-orbital velocities. The highest values of wave energy and discharge for all four systems were consistently observed between October 15 and March 15, and there were strong latitudinal patterns observed in these data with lower discharge and wave energies in the southernmost systems. During floods we observed patterns of river-ocean coherence that differed from the overall seasonal patterns. For example, downwelling winds generally prevailed during floods in the northern two systems (Umpqua and Eel), whereas winds in the southern systems (Salinas and Santa Clara) were generally downwelling before peak discharge and upwelling after peak discharge. Winds not associated with floods were generally upwelling on all four river-shelf systems. Although there are seasonal variations in river-ocean coherence, waves generally led floods in the three northern systems, while they lagged floods in the Santa Clara. Combined, these observations suggest that there are consistent river-ocean coherence patterns along the US West Coast during winter storms and that these patterns vary substantially with latitude. These results should assist with future evaluations of flood plume formation and sediment fate along this coast. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kniskern, Tara A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Kniskern, Tara A.; Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Farnsworth, Katherine L.] Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Geosci, Indiana, PA 15705 USA.
[Wheatcroft, Robert A.; Goni, Miguel A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Kniskern, TA (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
EM knista@vims.edu
RI Farnsworth, Katherine/F-1581-2011; Goni, Miguel/E-4456-2014;
OI Goni, Miguel/0000-0001-7682-8064
FU NSF [0628487]
FX The authors wish to thank the US Geological Survey and the National
Atmospheric and Oceanographic Administration for river gauge and buoy
data, respectively. Jon Gottschalck at NOAA's Climate Prediction Center
provided storm track data. This manuscript was significantly improved by
comments from two anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by NSF,
award number 0628487.
NR 153
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
EI 1873-6955
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD MAY 15
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 7-8
BP 789
EP 805
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.012
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 761SX
UT WOS:000290422400004
ER
PT J
AU Writer, JH
Barber, LB
Ryan, JN
Bradley, PM
AF Writer, Jeffrey H.
Barber, Larry B.
Ryan, Joseph N.
Bradley, Paul M.
TI Biodegradation and Attenuation of Steroidal Hormones and Alkylphenols by
Stream Biofilms and Sediments
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; ENGLISH RIVERS;
ESTROGENS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; PHARMACEUTICALS;
TESTOSTERONE; DEGRADATION; DISRUPTION
AB Biodegradation of select endocrine-disrupting compounds (17 beta-estradiol, estrone, 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol, 4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenol-monoexthoylate, and 4-nonylphenoldiethoxylate) was evaluated in stream biofilm, sediment, and water matrices collected from locations upstream and downstream from a wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge. Both biologically mediated transformation to intermediate metabolites and biologically mediated mineralization were evaluated in separate time interval experiments. Initial time intervals (0-7 d) evaluated biodegradation by the microbial community dominant at the time of sampling. Later time intervals (70 and 185 d) evaluated the biodegradation potential as the microbial community adapted to the absence of outside energy sources. The sediment matrix was more effective than the biofflm and water matrices at biodegrading 4-nonyl-phenol and 17 beta-estradiol. Biodegradation by the sediment matrix of 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol occurred at later time intervals (70 and 185 d) and was not observed in the biofilm or water matrices. Stream biofilms play an important role in the attenuation of endocrine-disrupting compounds in surface waters due to both biodegradation and sorption processes. Because sorption to stream biofilms and bed sediments occurs on a faster temporal scale (<1 h) than the potential to biodegrade the target compounds (50% mineralization at >185 d), these compounds can accumulate in stream biofilms and sediments.
C1 [Writer, Jeffrey H.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Writer, Jeffrey H.; Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bradley, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
RP Writer, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM jwriter@usgs.gov
RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012;
OI WRITER, JEFFREY/0000-0002-8585-8166
FU U.S. Geological Survey NRP; Toxics programs; National Science Foundation
[CBET-0854527]
FX The following individuals were invaluable for the completion of this
investigation: Greg Brown, James Gray, Steffanie Keefe, Rhiannon
Revello, and Olivia Woodruff. This work was supported by the U.S.
Geological Survey NRP and Toxics programs, and the National Science
Foundation Grant No. CBET-0854527. Any use of trade, firm, or product
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the U.S. Government.
NR 39
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 5
U2 88
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 10
BP 4370
EP 4376
DI 10.1021/es2000134
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 761UQ
UT WOS:000290426900030
PM 21520955
ER
PT J
AU Almberg, ES
Cross, PC
Johnson, CJ
Heisey, DM
Richards, BJ
AF Almberg, Emily S.
Cross, Paul C.
Johnson, Christopher J.
Heisey, Dennis M.
Richards, Bryan J.
TI Modeling Routes of Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission: Environmental
Prion Persistence Promotes Deer Population Decline and Extinction
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MULE DEER; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; WILDLIFE EPIDEMIC;
INFECTIOUS PRIONS; GROWTH-RATES; DYNAMICS; ELK; PATTERNS; SOIL
AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of deer, elk, and moose transmitted through direct, animal-to-animal contact, and indirectly, via environmental contamination. Considerable attention has been paid to modeling direct transmission, but despite the fact that CWD prions can remain infectious in the environment for years, relatively little information exists about the potential effects of indirect transmission on CWD dynamics. In the present study, we use simulation models to demonstrate how indirect transmission and the duration of environmental prion persistence may affect epidemics of CWD and populations of North American deer. Existing data from Colorado, Wyoming, and Wisconsin's CWD epidemics were used to define plausible short-term outcomes and associated parameter spaces. Resulting long-term outcomes range from relatively low disease prevalence and limited host-population decline to host-population collapse and extinction. Our models suggest that disease prevalence and the severity of population decline is driven by the duration that prions remain infectious in the environment. Despite relatively low epidemic growth rates, the basic reproductive number, R-0, may be much larger than expected under the direct-transmission paradigm because the infectious period can vastly exceed the host's life span. High prion persistence is expected to lead to an increasing environmental pool of prions during the early phases (i.e. approximately during the first 50 years) of the epidemic. As a consequence, over this period of time, disease dynamics will become more heavily influenced by indirect transmission, which may explain some of the observed regional differences in age and sex-specific disease patterns. This suggests management interventions, such as culling or vaccination, will become increasingly less effective as CWD epidemics progress.
C1 [Almberg, Emily S.; Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
[Almberg, Emily S.] Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Johnson, Christopher J.; Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Prion Res Lab, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
RP Almberg, ES (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
EM esa5046@psu.edu
RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009
OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. The funders had no
role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish,
or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 62
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U1 11
U2 53
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 13
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 5
AR e19896
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019896
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 763LP
UT WOS:000290558500035
PM 21603638
ER
PT J
AU Karanth, KU
Gopalaswamy, AM
Kumar, NS
Delampady, M
Nichols, JD
Seidensticker, J
Noon, BR
Pimm, SL
AF Karanth, K. Ullas
Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.
Kumar, N. Samba
Delampady, Mohan
Nichols, James D.
Seidensticker, John
Noon, Barry R.
Pimm, Stuart L.
TI Counting India's Wild Tigers Reliably
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
ID ABUNDANCE
C1 [Karanth, K. Ullas; Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.; Kumar, N. Samba] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India.
[Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
[Gopalaswamy, Arjun M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit WildCRU, Abingdon OX13 5QL, Oxon, England.
[Kumar, N. Samba] Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Bangalore 560070, Karnataka, India.
[Delampady, Mohan] Indian Stat Inst, Bangalore Ctr, Stat & Math Unit, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
[Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Seidensticker, John] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
[Pimm, Stuart L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India.
EM ukaranth@gmail.com
NR 11
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 23
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 13
PY 2011
VL 332
IS 6031
BP 791
EP 791
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 763CD
UT WOS:000290529900021
PM 21566176
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, RJ
Davis, BJ
Tanaka, KL
Byrne, S
Mellon, MT
Putzig, NE
Haberle, RM
Kahre, MA
Campbell, BA
Carter, LM
Smith, IB
Holt, JW
Smrekar, SE
Nunes, DC
Plaut, JJ
Egan, AF
Titus, TN
Seu, R
AF Phillips, Roger J.
Davis, Brian J.
Tanaka, Kenneth L.
Byrne, Shane
Mellon, Michael T.
Putzig, Nathaniel E.
Haberle, Robert M.
Kahre, Melinda A.
Campbell, Bruce A.
Carter, Lynn M.
Smith, Isaac B.
Holt, John W.
Smrekar, Suzanne E.
Nunes, Daniel C.
Plaut, Jeffrey J.
Egan, Anthony F.
Titus, Timothy N.
Seu, Roberto
TI Massive CO2 Ice Deposits Sequestered in the South Polar Layered Deposits
of Mars
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLID CO2; CIRCULATION; MODEL
AB Shallow Radar soundings from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal a buried deposit of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice within the south polar layered deposits of Mars with a volume of 9500 to 12,500 cubic kilometers, about 30 times that previously estimated for the south pole residual cap. The deposit occurs within a stratigraphic unit that is uniquely marked by collapse features and other evidence of interior CO2 volatile release. If released into the atmosphere at times of high obliquity, the CO2 reservoir would increase the atmospheric mass by up to 80%, leading to more frequent and intense dust storms and to more regions where liquid water could persist without boiling.
C1 [Phillips, Roger J.] SW Res Inst, Planetary Sci Directorate, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Phillips, Roger J.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Davis, Brian J.; Putzig, Nathaniel E.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Tanaka, Kenneth L.; Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Mellon, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Haberle, Robert M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Kahre, Melinda A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Campbell, Bruce A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Carter, Lynn M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Smith, Isaac B.; Holt, John W.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Nunes, Daniel C.; Plaut, Jeffrey J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Egan, Anthony F.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Operat, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Seu, Roberto] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Informat Engn Elect & Telecommun, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
RP Phillips, RJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Planetary Sci Directorate, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
EM roger@boulder.swri.edu
RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012; Holt,
John/C-4896-2009; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016
FU NASA
FX K. Herkenhoff and C. Fortezzo provided useful comments on an earlier
version of the paper. Remarks by three anonymous referees were
exceedingly helpful. Funding for this work was provided by the NASA MRO
project. The radar and imaging data are available through NASA's
Planetary Data System.
NR 19
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U1 4
U2 27
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 13
PY 2011
VL 332
IS 6031
BP 838
EP 841
DI 10.1126/science.1203091
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 763CD
UT WOS:000290529900045
PM 21512003
ER
PT J
AU Socolofsky, SA
Adams, EE
Sherwood, CR
AF Socolofsky, Scott A.
Adams, E. Eric
Sherwood, Christopher R.
TI Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the
Deepwater Horizon blowout
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATIFIED MULTIPHASE PLUMES; OIL; TRANSPORT; FIELD; MODEL
AB Hydrocarbons released following the Deepwater Horizon (DH) blowout were found in deep, subsurface horizontal intrusions, yet there has been little discussion about how these intrusions formed. We have combined measured (or estimated) observations from the DH release with empirical relationships developed from previous lab experiments to identify the mechanisms responsible for intrusion formation and to characterize the DH plume. Results indicate that the intrusions originate from a stratification-dominated multiphase plume characterized by multiple subsurface intrusions containing dissolved gas and oil along with small droplets of liquid oil. Unlike earlier lab measurements, where the potential density in ambient water decreased linearly with elevation, at the DH site it varied quadratically. We have modified our method for estimating intrusion elevation under these conditions and the resulting estimates agree with observations that the majority of the hydrocarbons were found between 800 and 1200 m. Citation: Socolofsky, S. A., E. E. Adams, and C. R. Sherwood (2011), Formation dynamics of subsurface hydrocarbon intrusions following the Deepwater Horizon blowout, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L09602, doi:10.1029/2011GL047174.
C1 [Socolofsky, Scott A.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Adams, E. Eric] MIT, Ralph M Parsons Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Socolofsky, SA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM socolofs@tamu.edu
FU National Science Foundation under RAPID [CBET-1045831, CBET-1046890,
OCE-1048976]; U.S. Geological Survey
FX Funding for this project was supported by the National Science
Foundation under RAPID grants CBET-1045831, CBET-1046890, and
OCE-1048976, and by the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine
Geology Program. Earlier versions of the manuscript were significantly
improved by suggestions from Carolyn Ruppel, Rich Signell and two
anonymous reviewers.
NR 21
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U1 0
U2 30
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 12
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L09602
DI 10.1029/2011GL047174
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 764IT
UT WOS:000290623800002
ER
PT J
AU Osborne, C
Cryan, PM
O'Shea, TJ
Oko, LM
Ndaluka, C
Calisher, CH
Berglund, AD
Klavetter, ML
Bowen, RA
Holmes, KV
Dominguez, SR
AF Osborne, Christina
Cryan, Paul M.
O'Shea, Thomas J.
Oko, Lauren M.
Ndaluka, Christina
Calisher, Charles H.
Berglund, Andrew D.
Klavetter, Mead L.
Bowen, Richard A.
Holmes, Kathryn V.
Dominguez, Samuel R.
TI Alphacoronaviruses in New World Bats: Prevalence, Persistence,
Phylogeny, and Potential for Interaction with Humans
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID EMERGING VIRUSES; SARS-LIKE; CORONAVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; COLORADO;
RABIES; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; MORBILLIVIRUS; INFECTION
AB Bats are reservoirs for many different coronaviruses (CoVs) as well as many other important zoonotic viruses. We sampled feces and/or anal swabs of 1,044 insectivorous bats of 2 families and 17 species from 21 different locations within Colorado from 2007 to 2009. We detected alphacoronavirus RNA in bats of 4 species: big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), 10% prevalence; long-legged bats (Myotis volans), 8% prevalence; little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), 3% prevalence; and western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis), 2% prevalence. Overall, juvenile bats were twice as likely to be positive for CoV RNA as adult bats. At two of the rural sampling sites, CoV RNAs were detected in big brown and long-legged bats during the three sequential summers of this study. CoV RNA was detected in big brown bats in all five of the urban maternity roosts sampled throughout each of the periods tested. Individually tagged big brown bats that were positive for CoV RNA and later sampled again all became CoV RNA negative. Nucleotide sequences in the RdRp gene fell into 3 main clusters, all distinct from those of Old World bats. Similar nucleotide sequences were found in amplicons from gene 1b and the spike gene in both a big-brown and a long-legged bat, indicating that a CoV may be capable of infecting bats of different genera. These data suggest that ongoing evolution of CoVs in bats creates the possibility of a continued threat for emergence into hosts of other species. Alphacoronavirus RNA was detected at a high prevalence in big brown bats in roosts in close proximity to human habitations (10%) and known to have direct contact with people (19%), suggesting that significant potential opportunities exist for cross-species transmission of these viruses. Further CoV surveillance studies in bats throughout the Americas are warranted.
C1 [Osborne, Christina; Berglund, Andrew D.; Dominguez, Samuel R.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.
[Oko, Lauren M.; Holmes, Kathryn V.; Dominguez, Samuel R.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Aurora, CO USA.
[Cryan, Paul M.; O'Shea, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Klavetter, Mead L.] Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Model, CO USA.
[Calisher, Charles H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Ndaluka, Christina; Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Osborne, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.
EM samuel.dominguez@ucdenver.edu
OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894
FU NIH [AI-P01-059576, 5K08-AI073525-03, U54-AI065357]
FX This work was supported by NIH grant #AI-P01-059576 (KVH), NIH grant
#5K08-AI073525-03 (SRD), and NIH grant #U54-AI065357 (SRD). The funders
had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manscript.
NR 49
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U1 5
U2 21
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 12
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 5
AR e19156
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019156
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 763CL
UT WOS:000290531100005
PM 21589915
ER
PT J
AU Du Frane, WL
Stern, LA
Weitemeyer, KA
Constable, S
Pinkston, JC
Roberts, JJ
AF Du Frane, Wyatt L.
Stern, Laura A.
Weitemeyer, Karen A.
Constable, Steven
Pinkston, John C.
Roberts, Jeffery J.
TI Electrical properties of polycrystalline methane hydrate
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS HYDRATE; SEA-FLOOR; SEDIMENTS; OLIVINE; ICE
AB Electromagnetic (EM) remote-sensing techniques are demonstrated to be sensitive to gas hydrate concentration and distribution and complement other resource assessment techniques, particularly seismic methods. To fully utilize EM results requires knowledge of the electrical properties of individual phases and mixing relations, yet little is known about the electrical properties of gas hydrates. We developed a pressure cell to synthesize gas hydrate while simultaneously measuring in situ frequency-dependent electrical conductivity (sigma). Synthesis of methane (CH(4)) hydrate was verified by thermal monitoring and by post run cryogenic scanning electron microscope imaging. Impedance spectra (20 Hz to 2 MHz) were collected before and after synthesis of polycrystalline CH(4) hydrate from polycrystalline ice and used to calculate s. We determined the sigma of CH(4) hydrate to be 5 x 10(-5) S/m at 0 degrees C with activation energy (E(a)) of 30.6 kJ/mol (-15 to 15 degrees C). After dissociation back into ice, sigma measurements of samples increased by a factor of similar to 4 and E(a) increased by similar to 50%, similar to the starting ice samples. Citation: Du Frane, W. L., L. A. Stern, K. A. Weitemeyer, S. Constable, J. C. Pinkston, and J. J. Roberts (2011), Electrical properties of polycrystalline methane hydrate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L09313, doi:10.1029/2011GL047243.
C1 [Du Frane, Wyatt L.; Roberts, Jeffery J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Stern, Laura A.; Pinkston, John C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Weitemeyer, Karen A.; Constable, Steven] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Du Frane, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM dufrane2@llnl.gov
RI Constable, Steven/B-8959-2008; Du Frane, Wyatt/D-6879-2013
FU DOE [DE-NT0005668]; USGS Gas Hydrates [DE-NT0006147]; U.S. Department of
Energy; LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX The authors thank W. Durham (MIT) and D. Lockner, W. Waite, and S. Kirby
(USGS) for helpful discussions and advice, and J. Lemire (SIO) for help
with the cell fabrication and design. We also thank R. Evans (WHOI) and
another anonymous reviewer. Support for this work was provided by DOE
contract DE-NT0005668. Partial support was also provided by Interagency
Agreement DE-NT0006147 between the USGS Gas Hydrates Project and the
U.S. Department of Energy's Methane Hydrates R&D Program. Prepared by
LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 11
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L09313
DI 10.1029/2011GL047243
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 764IR
UT WOS:000290623600004
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, CJ
Bennett, JP
Biro, SM
Duque-Velasquez, JC
Rodriguez, CM
Bessen, RA
Rocke, TE
AF Johnson, Christopher J.
Bennett, James P.
Biro, Steven M.
Camilo Duque-Velasquez, Juan
Rodriguez, Cynthia M.
Bessen, Richard A.
Rocke, Tonie E.
TI Degradation of the Disease-Associated Prion Protein by a Serine Protease
from Lichens
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSMISSIBLE MINK ENCEPHALOPATHY; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE;
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SCRAPIE PRION; MULE DEER; IN-VITRO; AGENT;
PRPSC; SOIL; INACTIVATION
AB The disease-associated prion protein (PrPTSE), the probable etiological agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), is resistant to degradation and can persist in the environment. Lichens, mutualistic symbioses containing fungi, algae, bacteria and occasionally cyanobacteria, are ubiquitous in the environment and have evolved unique biological activities allowing their survival in challenging ecological niches. We investigated PrPTSE inactivation by lichens and found acetone extracts of three lichen species (Parmelia sulcata, Cladonia rangiferina and Lobaria pulmonaria) have the ability to degrade prion protein (PrP) from TSE-infected hamsters, mice and deer. Immunoblots measuring PrP levels and protein misfolding cyclic amplification indicated at least two logs of reductions in PrPTSE. Degradative activity was not found in closely related lichen species or in algae or a cyanobacterium that inhabit lichens. Degradation was blocked by Pefabloc SC, a serine protease inhibitor, but not inhibitors of other proteases or enzymes. Additionally, we found that PrP levels in PrPTSE-enriched preps or infected brain homogenates are also reduced following exposure to freshly-collected P. sulcata or an aqueous extract of the lichen. Our findings indicate that these lichen extracts efficiently degrade PrPTSE and suggest that some lichens could have potential to inactivate TSE infectivity on the landscape or be a source for agents to degrade prions. Further work to clone and characterize the protease, assess its effect on TSE infectivity and determine which organism or organisms present in lichens produce or influence the protease activity is warranted.
C1 [Johnson, Christopher J.; Bennett, James P.; Biro, Steven M.; Rodriguez, Cynthia M.; Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Prion Res Lab, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Johnson, Christopher J.; Bessen, Richard A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Vet Mol Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Bennett, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Biro, Steven M.; Rodriguez, Cynthia M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Camilo Duque-Velasquez, Juan] Univ Antioquia, Fac Ciencias Agr, Grp Invest CENTAURO, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.
RP Johnson, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prion Res Lab, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
EM cjjohnson@usgs.gov
RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009;
OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581; Rocke,
Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563
FU United States Geological Survey
FX This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey. The funders
had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 67
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U1 3
U2 23
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 11
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 5
AR e19836
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019836
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 762MQ
UT WOS:000290483600032
PM 21589935
ER
PT J
AU Mustard, JF
Pieters, CM
Isaacson, PJ
Head, JW
Besse, S
Clark, RN
Klima, RL
Petro, NE
Staid, MI
Sunshine, JM
Runyon, CJ
Tompkins, S
AF Mustard, John F.
Pieters, Carle M.
Isaacson, Peter J.
Head, James W.
Besse, Sebastien
Clark, Roger N.
Klima, Rachel L.
Petro, Noah E.
Staid, Matthew I.
Sunshine, Jessica M.
Runyon, Cassandra J.
Tompkins, Stefanie
TI Compositional diversity and geologic insights of the Aristarchus crater
from Moon Mineralogy Mapper data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; PYROXENE MIXTURES; LUNAR
NEARSIDE; OLIVINE; CLEMENTINE; BASALTS; REGION; GEOTHERMOMETRY;
CHANDRAYAAN-1
AB The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) acquired high spatial and spectral resolution data of the Aristarchus Plateau with 140 m/pixel in 85 spectral bands from 0.43 to 3.0 mu m. The data were collected as radiance and converted to reflectance using the observational constraints and a solar spectrum scaled to the Moon-Sun distance. Summary spectral parameters for the area of mafic silicate 1 and 2 mu m bands were calculated from the M-3 data and used to map the distribution of key units that were then analyzed in detail with the spectral data. This analysis focuses on five key compositional units in the region. (1) The central peaks are shown to be strongly enriched in feldspar and are likely from the upper plagioclase-rich crust of the Moon. (2) The impact melt is compositionally diverse with clear signatures of feldspathic crust, olivine, and glass. (3) The crater walls and ejecta show a high degree of spatial heterogeneity and evidence for massive breccia blocks. (4) Olivine, strongly concentrated on the rim, wall, and exterior of the southeastern quadrant of the crater, is commonly associated the impact melt. (5) There are at least two types of glass deposits observed: pyroclastic glass and impact glass.
C1 [Mustard, John F.; Pieters, Carle M.; Isaacson, Peter J.; Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Besse, Sebastien; Sunshine, Jessica M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Klima, Rachel L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20732 USA.
[Petro, Noah E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Runyon, Cassandra J.] Coll Charleston, Dept Geol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA.
[Staid, Matthew I.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Tompkins, Stefanie] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Mustard, JF (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM john_mustard@brown.edu
RI Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012; Petro, Noah/F-5340-2013;
OI Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429; Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439
FU NASA [NNM05AB26C]
FX The M3 instrument was funded as a mission of opportunity
through the NASA Discovery program. M3 science validation is
supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. The M3 team is
grateful to ISRO for the opportunity to fly as a guest instrument on
Chandrayaan-1. We acknowledge the insight and careful comments of a
reviewer.
NR 50
TC 33
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD MAY 10
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00G12
DI 10.1029/2010JE003726
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 764JE
UT WOS:000290625000001
ER
PT J
AU Herckenrath, D
Langevin, CD
Doherty, J
AF Herckenrath, Daan
Langevin, Christian D.
Doherty, John
TI Predictive uncertainty analysis of a saltwater intrusion model using
null-space Monte Carlo
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBSURFACE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODEL; STEADY-STATE FLOW;
INVERSE PROBLEM; HENRY PROBLEM; SEAWATER INTRUSION; PILOT POINTS;
GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; HYDRAULIC-HEAD
AB Because of the extensive computational burden and perhaps a lack of awareness of existing methods, rigorous uncertainty analyses are rarely conducted for variable-density flow and transport models. For this reason, a recently developed null-space Monte Carlo (NSMC) method for quantifying prediction uncertainty was tested for a synthetic saltwater intrusion model patterned after the Henry problem. Saltwater intrusion caused by a reduction in fresh groundwater discharge was simulated for 1000 randomly generated hydraulic conductivity distributions, representing a mildly heterogeneous aquifer. From these 1000 simulations, the hydraulic conductivity distribution giving rise to the most extreme case of saltwater intrusion was selected and was assumed to represent the "true" system. Head and salinity values from this true model were then extracted and used as observations for subsequent model calibration. Random noise was added to the observations to approximate realistic field conditions. The NSMC method was used to calculate 1000 calibration-constrained parameter fields. If the dimensionality of the solution space was set appropriately, the estimated uncertainty range from the NSMC analysis encompassed the truth. Several variants of the method were implemented to investigate their effect on the efficiency of the NSMC method. Reducing the dimensionality of the null-space for the processing of the random parameter sets did not result in any significant gains in efficiency and compromised the ability of the NSMC method to encompass the true prediction value. The addition of intrapilot point heterogeneity to the NSMC process was also tested. According to a variogram comparison, this provided the same scale of heterogeneity that was used to generate the truth. However, incorporation of intrapilot point variability did not make a noticeable difference to the uncertainty of the prediction. With this higher level of heterogeneity, however, the computational burden of generating calibration-constrained parameter fields approximately doubled. Predictive uncertainty variance computed through the NSMC method was compared with that computed through linear analysis. The results were in good agreement, with the NSMC method estimate showing a slightly smaller range of prediction uncertainty than was calculated by the linear method.
C1 [Herckenrath, Daan] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
[Doherty, John] Watermark Numer Comp, Brisbane, Qld 4075, Australia.
[Langevin, Christian D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Doherty, John] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
RP Herckenrath, D (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
EM daah@env.dtu.dk
NR 65
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAY 7
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W05504
DI 10.1029/2010WR009342
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 761QR
UT WOS:000290413300001
ER
PT J
AU Sparkman, AM
Adams, J
Beyer, A
Steury, TD
Waits, L
Murray, DL
AF Sparkman, Amanda M.
Adams, Jennifer
Beyer, Arthur
Steury, Todd D.
Waits, Lisette
Murray, Dennis L.
TI Helper effects on pup lifetime fitness in the cooperatively breeding red
wolf (Canis rufus)
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE cooperative breeding; helpers; body mass; survival; age at first
reproduction; lifetime reproductive success
ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NATURAL-SELECTION; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE;
LYCAON-PICTUS; PRAIRIE VOLES; PACK SIZE; COYOTES; FOX; POPULATIONS;
DISPERSAL
AB The evolutionary maintenance of cooperative breeding systems is thought to be a function of relative costs and benefits to breeders, helpers and juveniles. Beneficial effects of helpers on early-life survivorship and performance have been established in several species, but lifetime fitness benefits and/or costs of being helped remain unclear, particularly for long-lived species. We tested for effects of helpers on early- and late-life traits in a population of reintroduced red wolves (Canis rufus), while controlling for ecological variables such as home-range size and population density. We found that the presence of helpers in family groups was positively correlated with pup mass and survival at low population density, but negatively correlated with mass/size at high density, with no relation to survival. Interestingly, mass/size differences persisted into adulthood for both sexes. While the presence of helpers did not advance age at first reproduction for pups of either sex, females appeared to garner long-term fitness benefits from helpers through later age at last reproduction, longer reproductive lifespan and a greater number of lifetime reproductive events, which translated to higher lifetime reproductive success. In contrast, males with helpers exhibited diminished lifetime reproductive performance. Our findings suggest that while helper presence may have beneficial short-term effects in some ecological contexts, it may also incur long-term sex-dependent costs with critical ramifications for lifetime fitness.
C1 [Sparkman, Amanda M.; Murray, Dennis L.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
[Adams, Jennifer; Waits, Lisette] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Beyer, Arthur] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manteo, NC 27954 USA.
[Steury, Todd D.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Sparkman, AM (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
EM asparkma@gmail.com
FU USFWS
FX The red wolf recovery programme is conducted by the USFWS, and we are
grateful to Service personnel for their diligent efforts in the field
and for access to the data. The study was funded by the USFWS. The
findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS.
NR 52
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U1 4
U2 46
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8452
J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI
JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD MAY 7
PY 2011
VL 278
IS 1710
BP 1381
EP 1389
DI 10.1098/rspb.2010.1921
PG 9
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 741GJ
UT WOS:000288851800014
PM 20961897
ER
PT J
AU Pollitz, FF
Brooks, B
Tong, XP
Bevis, MG
Foster, JH
Burgmann, R
Smalley, R
Vigny, C
Socquet, A
Ruegg, JC
Campos, J
Barrientos, S
Parra, H
Soto, JCB
Cimbaro, S
Blanco, M
AF Pollitz, Fred F.
Brooks, Ben
Tong, Xiaopeng
Bevis, Michael G.
Foster, James H.
Buergmann, Roland
Smalley, Robert, Jr.
Vigny, Christophe
Socquet, Anne
Ruegg, Jean-Claude
Campos, Jaime
Barrientos, Sergio
Parra, Hector
Baez Soto, Juan Carlos
Cimbaro, Sergio
Blanco, Mauro
TI Coseismic slip distribution of the February 27, 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile
earthquake
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN ANDES; SEISMIC GAP; DEFORMATION; MOTION; GPS
AB Static offsets produced by the February 27, 2010 M(w) = 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake as measured by GPS and InSAR constrain coseismic slip along a section of the Andean megathrust of dimensions 650 km (in length) x 180 km (in width). GPS data have been collected from both campaign and continuous sites sampling both the near-field and far field. ALOS/PALSAR data from several ascending and descending tracks constrain the near-field crustal deformation. Inversions of the geodetic data for distributed slip on the megathrust reveal a pronounced slip maximum of order 15 m at similar to 15-25 km depth on the megathrust offshore Lloca, indicating that seismic slip was greatest north of the epicenter of the bilaterally propagating rupture. A secondary slip maximum appears at depth similar to 25 km on the megathrust just west of Concepcicn. Coseismic slip is negligible below 35 km depth. Estimates of the seismic moment based on different datasets and modeling approaches vary from 1.8 to 2.6 x 10 N m. Our study is the first to model the static displacement field using a layered spherical Earth model, allowing us to incorporate both near-field and far-field static displacements in a consistent manner. The obtained seismic moment of 1.97 x 10 N m, corresponding to a moment magnitude of 8.8, is similar to that obtained by previous seismic and geodetic inversions. Citation: Pollitz, F. F., et al. (2011), Coseismic slip distribution of the February 27, 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L09309, doi: 10.1029/2011GL047065.
C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Campos, Jaime; Barrientos, Sergio] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago 8370449, Chile.
[Bevis, Michael G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Blanco, Mauro] Univ Nacl Cuyo, Inst CEDIAC, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
[Brooks, Ben; Foster, James H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Cimbaro, Sergio] Inst Geog Nacl Argentina, Direcc Geodesia, RA-1426 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Parra, Hector] Inst Geog Mil Chile, Dept Geodesia, Santiago, Chile.
[Socquet, Anne; Ruegg, Jean-Claude] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Phys Globe Paris, CNRS, UMR 7154, F-75252 Paris, France.
[Smalley, Robert, Jr.] Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
[Baez Soto, Juan Carlos] Univ Concepcion, Dept Ciencias Geodes & Geomat, Concepcion, Chile.
[Tong, Xiaopeng] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Vigny, Christophe] Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, CNRS, UMR 8538, F-75231 Paris 05, France.
RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM fpollitz@usgs.gov
RI Tong, Xiaopeng/D-7381-2012; Socquet, Anne/A-5698-2011; Foster,
James/G-7942-2012
OI Socquet, Anne/0000-0002-9208-7136; Foster, James/0000-0003-2052-5798
NR 19
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 6
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L09309
DI 10.1029/2011GL047065
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 761ZX
UT WOS:000290443100001
ER
PT J
AU Weckworth, BV
Dawson, NG
Talbot, SL
Flamme, MJ
Cook, JA
AF Weckworth, Byron V.
Dawson, Natalie G.
Talbot, Sandra L.
Flamme, Melanie J.
Cook, Joseph A.
TI Going Coastal: Shared Evolutionary History between Coastal British
Columbia and Southeast Alaska Wolves (Canis lupus)
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID SQUIRRELS GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; MARTEN MARTES-AMERICANA;
PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MEXICAN
WOLVES; WOLF; POPULATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DIFFERENTIATION
AB Background: Many coastal species occupying the temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest in North America comprise endemic populations genetically and ecologically distinct from interior continental conspecifics. Morphological variation previously identified among wolf populations resulted in recognition of multiple subspecies of wolves in the Pacific Northwest. Recently, separate genetic studies have identified diverged populations of wolves in coastal British Columbia and coastal Southeast Alaska, providing support for hypotheses of distinct coastal subspecies. These two regions are geographically and ecologically contiguous, however, there is no comprehensive analysis across all wolf populations in this coastal rainforest.
Methodology/Principal Findings: By combining mitochondrial DNA datasets from throughout the Pacific Northwest, we examined the genetic relationship between coastal British Columbia and Southeast Alaska wolf populations and compared them with adjacent continental populations. Phylogenetic analysis indicates complete overlap in the genetic diversity of coastal British Columbia and Southeast Alaska wolves, but these populations are distinct from interior continental wolves. Analyses of molecular variation support the separation of all coastal wolves in a group divergent from continental populations, as predicted based on hypothesized subspecies designations. Two novel haplotypes also were uncovered in a newly assayed continental population of interior Alaska wolves.
Conclusions/Significance: We found evidence that coastal wolves endemic to these temperate rainforests are diverged from neighbouring, interior continental wolves; a finding that necessitates new international strategies associated with the management of this species.
C1 [Weckworth, Byron V.] Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Dawson, Natalie G.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Dawson, Natalie G.; Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Flamme, Melanie J.] Yukon Charley Rivers Natl Preserve, Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA.
RP Weckworth, BV (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
EM byweck@gmail.com
RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011;
OI Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670
FU U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Yukon-Charley Rivers
National Reserve; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; United States Department
of Agriculture Forest Service Alaska Region and Forest Sciences
Laboratory; National Science Foundation [NSF DEB 0196095, 0415668]
FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science
Center, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Reserve, U.S. Fish & Wildlife
Service, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Alaska
Region and Forest Sciences Laboratory, and National Science Foundation
(NSF DEB 0196095 and 0415668). The funders had no role in study design,
data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
NR 61
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 33
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 4
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 5
AR e19582
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019582
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 759EZ
UT WOS:000290224800036
PM 21573241
ER
PT J
AU Wagner, CR
Mueller, DS
AF Wagner, Chad R.
Mueller, David S.
TI Comparison of bottom-track to global positioning system referenced
discharges measured using an acoustic Doppler current profiler
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ADCP; GPS; Moving-bed bias; Bedload transport; VTG; GGA
ID ADCP; VELOCITY
AB A negative bias in discharge measurements made with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) can be caused by the movement of sediment on or near the streambed. The integration of a global positioning system (GPS) to track the movement of the ADCP can be used to avoid the systematic negative bias associated with a moving streambed. More than 500 discharge transects from 63 discharge measurements with GPS data were collected at sites throughout the US, Canada, and New Zealand with no moving bed to compare GPS and bottom-track-referenced discharges. Although the data indicated some statistical bias depending on site conditions and type of GPS data used, these biases were typically about 0.5% or less. An assessment of differential correction sources was limited by a lack of data collected in a range of different correction sources and different GPS receivers at the same sites. Despite this limitation, the data indicate that the use of Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) corrected positional data is acceptable for discharge measurements using GGA as the boat-velocity reference. The discharge data based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the VTG data string, which does not require differential correction, were comparable to the discharges based on GPS-referenced boat velocities from the differentially-corrected GGA data string. Spatial variability of measure discharges referenced to GGA. VTG and bottom-tracking is higher near the channel banks. The spatial variability of VTG-referenced discharges is correlated with the spatial distribution of maximum Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) values and the spatial variability of GGA-referenced discharges is correlated with proximity to channel banks. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Wagner, Chad R.] US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
[Mueller, David S.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Louisville, KY 40299 USA.
RP Wagner, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
EM cwagner@usgs.gov; dmueller@usgs.gov
NR 9
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD MAY 3
PY 2011
VL 401
IS 3-4
BP 250
EP 258
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.02.025
PG 9
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 758SR
UT WOS:000290187300010
ER
PT J
AU Porter, K
Jones, L
Cox, D
Goltz, J
Hudnut, K
Mileti, D
Perry, S
Ponti, D
Reichle, M
Rose, AZ
Scawthorn, CR
Seligson, HA
Shoaf, KI
Treiman, J
Wein, A
AF Porter, Keith
Jones, Lucile
Cox, Dale
Goltz, James
Hudnut, Ken
Mileti, Dennis
Perry, Sue
Ponti, Daniel
Reichle, Michael
Rose, Adam Z.
Scawthorn, Charles R.
Seligson, Hope A.
Shoaf, Kimberley I.
Treiman, Jerry
Wein, Anne
TI The ShakeOut Scenario: A Hypothetical M(w)7.8 Earthquake on the Southern
San Andreas Fault
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB In 2008, an earthquake-planning scenario document was released by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and California Geological Survey that hypothesizes the occurrence and effects of a M(w)7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault. It was created by more than 300 scientists and engineers. Fault offsets reach 13 m and up to 8 m at lifeline crossings. Physics-based modeling was used to generate maps of shaking intensity, with peak ground velocities of 3 m/sec near the fault and exceeding 0.5 m/sec over 10,000 km(2). A custom HAZUS (R)(MH) analysis and 18 special studies were performed to characterize the effects of the earthquake on the built environment. The scenario posits 1,800 deaths and 53,000 injuries requiring emergency room care. Approximately 1,600 fires are ignited, resulting in the destruction of 200 million square feet of the building stock, the equivalent of 133,000 single-family homes. Fire contributes $87 billion in property and business interruption loss, out of the total $191 billion in economic loss, with most of the rest coming from shake-related building and content damage ($46 billion) and business interruption loss from water outages ($24 billion). Emergency response activities are depicted in detail, in an innovative grid showing activities versus time, a new format introduced in this study. [DOT: 10.1193/1.3563624]
C1 [Porter, Keith; Scawthorn, Charles R.] SPA Risk LLC, Denver, CO USA.
[Porter, Keith; Scawthorn, Charles R.] SPA Risk LLC, Kyoto, Japan.
[Jones, Lucile; Cox, Dale; Hudnut, Ken; Perry, Sue; Ponti, Daniel; Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Jones, Lucile; Cox, Dale; Hudnut, Ken; Perry, Sue; Ponti, Daniel; Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Jones, Lucile; Cox, Dale; Hudnut, Ken; Perry, Sue; Ponti, Daniel; Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Goltz, James] Calif Governors Off Emergency Serv, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Mileti, Dennis] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Reichle, Michael; Treiman, Jerry] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Reichle, Michael; Treiman, Jerry] Calif Geol Survey, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Rose, Adam Z.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Seligson, Hope A.] MMI Engn, Huntington Beach, CA USA.
[Shoaf, Kimberley I.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Porter, K (reprint author), SPA Risk LLC, Denver, CO USA.
EM keith@cohen-porter.net
RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009
OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797
NR 39
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U1 0
U2 12
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 239
EP 261
DI 10.1193/1.3563624
PG 23
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700002
ER
PT J
AU Perry, S
Jones, L
Cox, D
AF Perry, Sue
Jones, Lucile
Cox, Dale
TI Developing a Scenario for Widespread Use: Best Practices, Lessons
Learned
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB The Shake Out Scenario is probably the most widely known and used earthquake scenario created to date. Much of the credit for its widespread dissemination and application lies with scenario development criteria that focused on the needs and involvement of end users and with a suite of products that tailored communication of the results to varied end users, who ranged from emergency managers to the general public, from corporations to grassroots organizations. Products were most effective when they were highly visual, when they emphasized the findings of social scientists, and when they communicated the experience of living through the earthquake. This paper summarizes the development criteria and the products that made the ShakeOut Scenario so widely known and used, and it provides some suggestions for future improvements. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3574445]
C1 [Perry, Sue; Jones, Lucile] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Cox, Dale] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA.
RP Perry, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NR 16
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U1 0
U2 3
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 263
EP 272
DI 10.1193/1.3574445
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700003
ER
PT J
AU Graves, RW
Aagaard, BT
Hudnut, KW
AF Graves, Robert W.
Aagaard, Brad T.
Hudnut, Kenneth W.
TI The ShakeOut Earthquake Source and Ground Motion Simulations
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 2002 DENALI FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FRANCISCO
EARTHQUAKE; WAVE-PROPAGATION; RUPTURE; MODEL; MAGNITUDE; SPECTRA; TURKEY
AB The Shake Out Scenario is premised upon the detailed description of a hypothetical M(w) 7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault and the associated simulated ground motions. The main features of the scenario, such as its end-points, magnitude, and gross slip distribution, were defined through expert opinion and incorporated information from many previous studies. Slip at smaller length scales, rupture speed, and rise time were constrained using empirical relationships and experience gained from previous strong-motion modeling. Using this rupture description and a 3-D model of the crust, broadband ground motions were computed over a large region of Southern California. The largest simulated peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) generally range from 0.5 to 1.0 g and 100 to 250 cm/s, respectively, with the waveforms exhibiting strong directivity and basin effects. Use of a slip-predictable model results in a high static stress drop event and produces ground motions somewhat higher than median level predictions from NGA ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). [DOI: 10.1193/1.3570677]
C1 [Graves, Robert W.; Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Aagaard, Brad T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Graves, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009;
OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833
FU SCEC under NSF [EAR-0623704, OCI-0749313]; U.S. Geological Society
FX We thank members of the SCEC CME collaboration for their efforts on the
ShakeOut simulation project. We appreciate the constructive review
comments by Art Frankel, Gary Fuis, Steven Day, and Arthur Rodgers.
Funding for this work was provided by SCEC under NSF grants EAR-0623704
and OCI-0749313 and by the U.S. Geological Society. The large-scale
simulations were run at USC's Center for High-Performance Computing and
Communications (http://www.usc.edu/hpcc) under an agreement with the
SCEC CME project. Several of the figures were composed using Generic
Mapping Tools (GMT) software (Wessel and Smith 1998). This is SCEC
contribution 1427.
NR 65
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U1 1
U2 13
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 273
EP 291
DI 10.1193/1.3570677
PG 19
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700004
ER
PT J
AU Chen, R
Petersen, MD
AF Chen, Rui
Petersen, Mark D.
TI Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazards for the Southern San Andreas
Fault Using Scenarios and Empirical Slips
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
ID RUPTURE
AB We apply a probabilistic method to develop fault displacement hazard maps and profiles for the southern San Andreas Fault. Two slip models are applied: (1) scenario slip, defined by the Shake Out rupture model, and (2) empirical slip, calculated using regression equations relating global slip to earthquake magnitude and distance along the fault. The hazard is assessed using a range of magnitudes defined by the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast and the Shake Out. For hazard mapping we develop a methodology to partition displacement among multiple fault branches based on geological observations. Estimated displacement hazard extends a few kilometers wide in areas of multiple mapped fault branches and poor mapping accuracy. Scenario and empirical displacement hazard differs by a factor of two or three, particularly along the southernmost section of the San Andreas Fault. We recommend the empirical slip model with site-specific geological data to constrain uncertainties for engineering applications. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3574226]
C1 [Chen, Rui] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
[Petersen, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Chen, R (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 801 K St,MS 12-32, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
FU U.S. Geological Survey; California Geological Survey
FX This work was sponsored by U.S. Geological Survey and California
Geological Survey. The manuscript benefited from discussions with Chris
Wills, Tianqing Cao, Tim Dawson, and review comments from Chris Wills,
Kathy Haller, and Morgan Moshetti. We are especially gratefully to James
McCalpin, Tianqing Cao, and Michael Reichle for their critical technical
reviews and constructive suggestions. We thank Jerry Treiman and Bill
Bryant for providing fault GIS data and Carlos Gutierrez and David
Branum for assisting with the GIS mapping tools.
NR 21
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U1 1
U2 5
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 293
EP 313
DI 10.1193/1.3574226
PG 21
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700005
ER
PT J
AU Treiman, JA
Ponti, DJ
AF Treiman, Jerome A.
Ponti, Daniel J.
TI Estimating Surface Faulting Impacts from the ShakeOut Scenario
Earthquake
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
ID SLIP DISTRIBUTION; RUPTURE; CALIFORNIA
AB An earthquake scenario, based on a kinematic rupture model, has been prepared for a M-w 7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault. The rupture distribution, in the context of other historic large earthquakes, is judged reasonable for the purposes of this scenario. This model is used as the basis for generating a surface rupture map and for assessing potential direct impacts on lifelines and other infrastructure. Modeling the surface rupture involves identifying fault traces on which to place the rupture, assigning slip values to the fault traces, and characterizing the specific displacements that would occur to each lifeline impacted by the rupture. Different approaches were required to address variable slip distribution in response to a variety of fault patterns. Our results, involving judgment and experience, represent one plausible outcome and are not predictive because of the variable nature of surface rupture. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3583676]
C1 [Treiman, Jerome A.] Calif Geol Survey, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA.
[Ponti, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Treiman, JA (reprint author), Calif Geol Survey, 888 S Figueroa St,Suite 475, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA.
NR 30
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U1 0
U2 3
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
EI 1944-8201
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 315
EP 330
DI 10.1193/1.3583676
PG 16
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700006
ER
PT J
AU Star, LM
Stewart, JP
Graves, RW
AF Star, Lisa M.
Stewart, Jonathan P.
Graves, Robert W.
TI Comparison of Ground Motions from Hybrid Simulations to NGA Prediction
Equations
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; SPECTRA; WAVES; BASIN;
RECORDINGS
AB We compare simulated motions for a M(w) 7.8 rupture scenario on the San Andreas Fault known as the Shake Out event, two permutations with different hypocenter locations, and a M(w) 7.15 Puente Hills blind thrust scenario, to median and dispersion predictions from empirical NGA ground motion prediction equations. We find the simulated motions attenuate faster with distance than is predicted by the NGA models for periods less than about 5.0 s After removing this distance attenuation bias, the average residuals of the simulated events (i.e., event terms) are generally within the scatter of empirical event terms, although the ShakeOut simulation appears to be a high static stress drop event. The intra-event dispersion in the simulations is lower than NGA values at short periods and abruptly increases at 1.0 s due to different simulation procedures at short and long periods. The simulated motions have a depth-dependent basin response similar to the NGA models, and also show complex effects in which stronger basin response occurs when the fault rupture transmits energy into a basin at low angle, which is not predicted by the NGA models. Rupture directivity effects are found to scale with the isochrone parameter. [DOT: 10.1193/1.3583644]
C1 [Star, Lisa M.; Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environ Engrg Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
RP Star, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Civil & Environ Engrg Dept, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM lcoyne@ucla.edu; jstewart@seas.ucla.edu; rwgraves@usgs.gov
RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013
FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0618804]; Southern California
Earthquake Center; Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center
(PEER); California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP)
FX The work of the first two authors was supported by the National Science
Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0618804. The third author is supported
by the Southern California Earthquake Center. Any opinions, findings,
and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those
of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National
Science Foundation. Additional funding for this effort was provided by
the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and the
California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP).
NR 32
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PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 331
EP 350
DI 10.1193/1.3583644
PG 20
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700007
ER
PT J
AU Langer, WH
AF Langer, William H.
TI The ShakeOut Scenario: Meeting the Needs for Construction Aggregates,
Asphalt, and Concrete
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB An M(w) 7.8 earthquake as described in the Shake Out Scenario would cause significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. Over 6 million tons of newly mined aggregate would be used for emergency repairs and for reconstruction in the five years following the event. This aggregate would be applied mostly in the form of concrete for buildings and bridges, asphalt or concrete for pavement, and unbound gravel for applications such as base course that goes under highway pavement and backfilling for foundations and pipelines. There are over 450 aggregate, concrete, and asphalt plants in the affected area, some of which would be heavily damaged. Meeting the increased demand for construction materials would require readily available permitted reserves, functioning production facilities, a supply of cement and asphalt, a source of water, gas, and electricity, and a trained workforce. Prudent advance preparations would facilitate a timely emergency response and reconstruction following such an earthquake. [DOT: 10.1193/1.3570679]
C1 [Langer, William H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Langer, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 14
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U1 2
U2 4
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 505
EP 520
DI 10.1193/1.3570679
PG 16
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700016
ER
PT J
AU Wein, A
Johnson, L
Bernknopf, R
AF Wein, Anne
Johnson, Laurie
Bernknopf, Richard
TI Recovering from the ShakeOut Earthquake
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB Recovery from an earthquake like the M7.8 Shake Out Scenario will be a major endeavor taking many years to complete. Hundreds of Southern California municipalities will be affected; most lack recovery plans or previous disaster experience. To support recovery planning this paper 1) extends the regional Shake Out Scenario analysis into the recovery period using a recovery model, 2) localizes analyses to identify longer-term impacts and issues in two communities, and 3) considers the regional context of local recovery. Key community insights about preparing for post-disaster recovery include the need to: geographically diversify city procurement; set earthquake mitigation priorities for critical infrastructure (e.g., airport), plan to replace mobile homes with earthquake safety measures, consider post-earthquake redevelopment opportunities ahead of time, and develop post-disaster recovery management and governance structures. This work also showed that communities with minor damages are still sensitive to regional infrastructure damages and their potential long-term impacts on community recovery. This highlights the importance of community and infrastructure resilience strategies as well. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3581225]
C1 [Wein, Anne; Bernknopf, Richard] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Johnson, Laurie] Laurie Johnson Consulting, San Francisco, CA 94123 USA.
RP Wein, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 40
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U1 0
U2 7
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 521
EP 538
DI 10.1193/1.3581225
PG 18
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700017
ER
PT J
AU Rose, A
Wei, D
Wein, A
AF Rose, Adam
Wei, Dan
Wein, Anne
TI Economic Impacts of the ShakeOut Scenario
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB For the Shake Out Earthquake Scenario, we estimate $68 billion in direct and indirect business interruption (BI) and $11 billion in related costs in addition to the $113 billion in property damage in an eight-county Southern California region. The modeled conduits of shock to the economy are property damage and lifeline service outages that affect the economy's ability to produce. Property damage from fire is 50% greater than property damage from shaking because fire is more devastating. BI from water service disruption and fire each represent around one-third of total BI losses because of the long duration of service outage or long restoration and reconstruction periods. Total BI losses are 4.3% of annual gross output in the affected region, an impact far larger than most conventional economic recessions. These losses are still much lower than they potentially could be due to the resilience of the economy. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3587204]
C1 [Rose, Adam; Wei, Dan] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Rose, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, 310 RTH,3710 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
NR 32
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U2 11
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 539
EP 557
DI 10.1193/1.3587204
PG 19
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700018
ER
PT J
AU Wein, A
Rose, A
AF Wein, Anne
Rose, Adam
TI Economic Resilience Lessons from the ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB Following a damaging earthquake, "business interruption" (BI)-reduced production of goods and services begins and continues long after the ground shaking stops. Economic resilience reduces BI losses by making the best use of the resources available at a given point in time (static resilience) or by speeding recovery through repair and reconstruction (dynamic resilience), in contrast to mitigation that prevents damage in the first place. Economic resilience is an important concept to incorporate into economic loss modeling and in recovery and contingency planning. Economic resilience framework includes the applicability of resilience strategies to production inputs and output, demand- and supply-side effects, inherent and adaptive abilities, and levels of the economy. We use our resilience framework to organize and share strategies that enhance economic resilience, identify overlooked resilience strategies, and present evidence and structure of resilience strategies for economic loss modelers. Numerous resilience strategies are compiled from stakeholder discussions about the Shake Out Scenario (Jones et al. 2008). Modeled results of Shake Out BI sector losses reveal variable effectiveness of resilience strategies for lengthy disruptions caused by fire-damaged buildings and water service outages. Resilience is a complement to mitigation and may, in fact, have cost and all-hazards advantages. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3582849]
C1 [Wein, Anne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Rose, Adam] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
RP Wein, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 26
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U1 0
U2 22
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 559
EP 573
DI 10.1193/1.3582849
PG 15
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700019
ER
PT J
AU Jones, LM
Benthien, M
AF Jones, Lucile M.
Benthien, Mark
TI Preparing for a "Big One": The Great Southern California ShakeOut
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB The Great Southern California Shake Out was a week of special events featuring the largest earthquake drill in United States history. On November 13, 2008, over 5 million Southern Californians pretended that the magnitude-7.8 Shake Out scenario earthquake was occurring and practiced actions derived from results of the Shake Out Scenario, to reduce the impact of a real, San Andreas Fault event. The communications campaign was based on four principles: 1) consistent messaging from multiple sources; 2) visual reinforcement: 3) encouragement of "milling"; and 4) focus on concrete actions. The goals of the ShakeOut established in Spring 2008 were: 1) to register 5 million people to participate in the drill; 2) to change the culture of earthquake preparedness in Southern California; and 3) to reduce earthquake losses in Southern California. Over 90% of the registrants surveyed the next year reported improvement in earthquake preparedness at their organization as a result of the ShakeOut. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3586819]
C1 [Jones, Lucile M.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Benthien, Mark] Univ So Calif, So Calif Earthquake Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
RP Jones, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
FU National Science Foundation; USGS; California Earthquake Authority,
California Emergency Management Agency; California Seismic Safety
Commission, California Geological Survey, City of Los Angeles; Federal
Emergency Management Agency
FX Public sector support for the organization of the ShakeOut came from the
U.S. Geological Survey, Southern California Earthquake Center (funded by
National Science Foundation and USGS), California Earthquake Authority,
California Emergency Management Agency (formerly the Governor's Office
of Emergency Services), California Seismic Safety Commission, California
Geological Survey, City of Los Angeles, and the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. Private sector supporters included Time Warner Cable,
The Home Depot, State Farm Insurance, Illusion Factory, Kaiser
Permanente, Tyco Electronics, QuakeHold!, Westfield, ABC7 Los Angeles,
IBHS DisasterSafety.org, Pearce Global Partners, ServPro, NPA, and 3n.
We gratefully acknowledge all these contributions and the commitment to
earthquake safety of 5.5 million of our fellow residents of Southern
California.
NR 13
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U1 2
U2 4
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 575
EP 595
DI 10.1193/1.3586819
PG 21
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 815OK
UT WOS:000294534700020
ER
PT J
AU Figurski, JD
Malone, D
Lacy, JR
Denny, M
AF Figurski, Jared D.
Malone, Dan
Lacy, Jessica R.
Denny, Mark
TI An inexpensive instrument for measuring wave exposure and water velocity
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
LA English
DT Article
ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SPATIAL VARIATION; INNER SHELF;
KELP FOREST; CORAL-REEFS; LONG-TERM; DISTURBANCE; FORCES; STORM
AB Ocean waves drive a wide variety of nearshore physical processes, structuring entire ecosystems through their direct and indirect effects on the settlement, behavior, and survivorship of marine organisms. However, wave exposure remains difficult and expensive to measure. Here, we report on an inexpensive and easily constructed instrument for measuring wave-induced water velocities. The underwater relative swell kinetics instrument (URSKI) is a subsurface float tethered by a short (<1 m) line to the seafloor. Contained within the float is an accelerometer that records the tilt of the float in response to passing waves. During two field trials totaling 358 h, we confirmed the accuracy and precision of URSKI measurements through comparison to velocities measured by an in situ acoustic Doppler velocimeter and those predicted by a standard swell model, and we evaluated how the dimensions of the devices, its buoyancy, and sampling frequency can be modified for use in a variety of environments.
C1 [Figurski, Jared D.; Malone, Dan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Lacy, Jessica R.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Denny, Mark] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
RP Figurski, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM jared.figurski@gmail.com
FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation
FX The authors would like to thank Mark Carr, Dave Lohse, Pete Raimondi,
and Olivia Cheriton for their invaluable contributions throughout the
development of URSKIs. We also thank Dan Hoover and Curt Storlazzi for
their editorial input, the USGS MarFac team for assistance in collecting
ADV data, and members of the RC lab for their field support,
discussions, and editorial comments. Any use of product, trade, or firm
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the U.S. government. This is contribution 389 from PISCO, the
Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans, funded
primarily by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and David and Lucile
Packard Foundation.
NR 40
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U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 1541-5856
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH
JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 9
BP 204
EP 214
DI 10.4319/lom.2011.9.204
PG 11
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 816MI
UT WOS:000294604500004
ER
PT J
AU Van Boeckel, TP
Prosser, D
Franceschini, G
Biradar, C
Wint, W
Robinson, T
Gilbert, M
AF Van Boeckel, Thomas P.
Prosser, Diann
Franceschini, Gianluca
Biradar, Chandra
Wint, William
Robinson, Tim
Gilbert, Marius
TI Modelling the distribution of domestic ducks in Monsoon Asia
SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Livestock mapping; Domestic ducks; Monsoon Asia; Regression models;
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
ID PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; H5N1 INFLUENZA; THAILAND; ECOLOGY; VIRUS;
RISK
AB Domestic ducks are considered to be an important reservoir of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), as shown by a number of geospatial studies in which they have been identified as a significant risk factor associated with disease presence. Despite their importance in HPAI epidemiology, their large-scale distribution in Monsoon Asia is poorly understood. In this study, we created a spatial database of domestic duck census data in Asia and used it to train statistical distribution models for domestic duck distributions at a spatial resolution of 1 km. The method was based on a modelling framework used by the Food and Agriculture Organisation to produce the Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW) database, and relies on stratified regression models between domestic duck densities and a set of agro-ecological explanatory variables. We evaluated different ways of stratifying the analysis and of combining the prediction to optimize the goodness of fit of the predictions. We found that domestic duck density could be predicted with reasonable accuracy (mean RMSE and correlation coefficient between log-transformed observed and predicted densities being 0.58 and 0.80, respectively), using a stratification based on livestock production systems. We tested the use of artificially degraded data on duck distributions in Thailand and Vietnam as training data, and compared the modelled outputs with the original high-resolution data. This showed, for these two countries at least, that these approaches could be used to accurately disaggregate provincial level (administrative level 1) statistical data to provide high resolution model distributions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Van Boeckel, Thomas P.; Gilbert, Marius] Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
[Van Boeckel, Thomas P.; Gilbert, Marius] Fonds Natl Rech Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
[Prosser, Diann] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Prosser, Diann] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Franceschini, Gianluca; Robinson, Tim] UN, FAO, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
[Biradar, Chandra] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Wint, William] Environm Res Grp Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QE, England.
RP Gilbert, M (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, CP160-12,Av FD Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
EM mgilbert@ulb.ac.be
OI Gilbert, Marius/0000-0003-3708-3359; Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799
FU National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center through the
NSF/NIH [7R01TW007869-04]
FX This work was partly supported by the National Institutes of Health
Fogarty International Center through the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious
Diseases program (7R01TW007869-04).
NR 24
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U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8809
J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON
JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 3-4
BP 373
EP 380
DI 10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.013
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 789RU
UT WOS:000292534800013
PM 21822341
ER
PT J
AU Prosser, DJ
Wu, JX
Ellis, EC
Gale, F
Van Boeckel, TP
Wint, W
Robinson, T
Xiao, XM
Gilbert, M
AF Prosser, Diann J.
Wu, Junxi
Ellis, Erle C.
Gale, Fred
Van Boeckel, Thomas P.
Wint, William
Robinson, Tim
Xiao, Xiangming
Gilbert, Marius
TI Modelling the distribution of chickens, ducks, and geese in China
SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Poultry; China; Distribution modelling; Population estimates; GIS;
Epidemiology
ID H5N1 INFLUENZA-VIRUS; ECOLOGY; ASIA
AB Global concerns over the emergence of zoonotic pandemics emphasize the need for high-resolution population distribution mapping and spatial modelling. Ongoing efforts to model disease risk in China have been hindered by a lack of available species level distribution maps for poultry. The goal of this study was to develop I km resolution population density models for China's chickens, ducks, and geese. We used an information theoretic approach to predict poultry densities based on statistical relationships between poultry census data and high-resolution agro-ecological predictor variables. Model predictions were validated by comparing goodness of fit measures (root mean square error and correlation coefficient) for observed and predicted values for 1/4 of the sample data which were not used for model training. Final output included mean and coefficient of variation maps for each species. We tested the quality of models produced using three predictor datasets and 4 regional stratification methods. For predictor variables, a combination of traditional predictors for livestock mapping and land use predictors produced the best goodness of fit scores. Comparison of regional stratifications indicated that for chickens and ducks, a stratification based on livestock production systems produced the best results; for geese, an agro-ecological stratification produced best results. However, for all species, each method of regional stratification produced significantly better goodness of fit scores than the global model. Here we provide descriptive methods, analytical comparisons, and model output for China's first high resolution, species level poultry distribution maps. Output will be made available to the scientific and public community for use in a wide range of applications from epidemiological studies to livestock policy and management initiatives. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Prosser, Diann J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Wu, Junxi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
[Ellis, Erle C.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Gale, Fred] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
[Van Boeckel, Thomas P.; Gilbert, Marius] Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
[Van Boeckel, Thomas P.; Gilbert, Marius] Fonds Natl Rech Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
[Wint, William] Environm Res Grp Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QE, England.
[Robinson, Tim] UN, FAO, I-00100 Rome, Italy.
[Xiao, Xiangming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Prosser, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, BARC E Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM dprosser@usgs.gov
OI Ellis, Erle/0000-0002-2006-3362; Gilbert, Marius/0000-0003-3708-3359;
Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799
FU USGS; U.S. National Institutes of Health through the NIH/NSF
[R01-TW007869]; NSF [OISE-0513222]; China Ministry of Health
[2008ZH1004-012]; China Ministry of Science and Technology
FX This work was funded in part by the USGS Wildlife Program and the U.S.
National Institutes of Health (R01-TW007869) through the NIH/NSF Ecology
of Infectious Disease program. Early exploration of poultry farming
systems in China was supported by NSF East Asia Summer Institutes
Program grant (OISE-0513222). Dr. Xiao is also supported by the Chinese
Special Program for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases (No.
2008ZH1004-012) from the China Ministry of Health and China Ministry of
Science and Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data
collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the
manuscript. The authors would like to thank Dr. Huimin Yan of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences and
Natural Resources Research for use of cropping intensity data for China.
We thank R. Michael Erwin, Shane Heath, and anonymous reviewers for
useful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The use of
trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 27
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U1 2
U2 31
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8809
J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON
JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 3-4
BP 381
EP 389
DI 10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.002
PG 9
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 789RU
UT WOS:000292534800014
PM 21765567
ER
PT J
AU Beever, EA
Woodward, A
AF Beever, Erik A.
Woodward, Andrea
TI Ecoregional-scale monitoring within conservation areas, in a rapidly
changing climate Preface
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98118 USA.
RP Beever, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
NR 16
TC 3
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U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 5
BP 1255
EP 1257
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.001
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 791MB
UT WOS:000292668200001
ER
PT J
AU Beever, EA
Woodward, A
AF Beever, Erik A.
Woodward, Andrea
TI Design of ecoregional monitoring in conservation areas of high-latitude
ecosystems under contemporary climate change
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Conceptual models; Alaska; Public lands; Monitoring objectives;
Monitoring-program structure and designs
ID NATURAL-RESOURCES; POWER ANALYSIS; NATIONAL-PARK; ALASKA; INDICATORS;
MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; MODEL
AB Land ownership in Alaska includes a mosaic of federally managed units. Within its agency's context, each unit has its own management strategy, authority, and resources of conservation concern, many of which are migratory animals. Though some units are geographically isolated, many are nevertheless linked by paths of abiotic and biotic flows, such as rivers, air masses, flyways, and terrestrial and aquatic migration routes. Furthermore, individual land units exist within the context of a larger landscape pattern of shifting conditions, requiring managers to understand at larger spatial scales the status and trends in the synchrony and spatial concurrence of species and associated suitable habitats. Results of these changes will determine the ability of Alaska lands to continue to: provide habitat for local and migratory species; absorb species whose ranges are shifting northward; and experience mitigation or exacerbation of climate change through positive and negative atmospheric feedbacks. We discuss the geographic and statutory contexts that influence development of ecological monitoring; argue for the inclusion of significant amounts of broad-scale monitoring; discuss the importance of defining clear programmatic and monitoring objectives; and draw from lessons learned from existing long-term, broad-scale monitoring programs to apply to the specific contexts relevant to high-latitude protected areas such as those in Alaska. Such areas are distinguished by their: marked seasonality; relatively large magnitudes of contemporary change in climatic parameters; and relative inaccessibility due to broad spatial extent, very low (or zero) road density, and steep and glaciated areas. For ecological monitoring to effectively support management decisions in high-latitude areas such as Alaska, a monitoring program ideally would be structured to address the actual spatial and temporal scales of relevant processes, rather than the artificial boundaries of individual land-management units. Heuristic models provide a means by which to integrate understanding of ecosystem structure, composition, and function, in the midst of numerous ecosystem drivers. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98118 USA.
RP Beever, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM EBeever@usgs.gov; AWoodward@usgs.gov
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 5
BP 1258
EP 1269
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.022
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 791MB
UT WOS:000292668200002
ER
PT J
AU Thompson, WL
Miller, AE
Mortenson, DC
Woodward, A
AF Thompson, William L.
Miller, Amy E.
Mortenson, Dorothy C.
Woodward, Andrea
TI Developing effective sampling designs for monitoring natural resources
in Alaskan national parks: An example using simulations and vegetation
data
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Sample size estimation; Sampling frequency; Coefficient of variation;
Path Distance analysis
ID ALPINE VEGETATION; KENAI PENINSULA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPRUCE; COMMUNITY;
GROWTH; NEED
AB Monitoring natural resources in Alaskan national parks is challenging because of their remoteness, limited accessibility, and high sampling costs. We describe an iterative, three-phased process for developing sampling designs based on our efforts to establish a vegetation monitoring program in southwest Alaska. In the first phase, we defined a sampling frame based on land ownership and specific vegetated habitats within the park boundaries and used Path Distance analysis tools to create a GIS layer that delineated portions of each park that could be feasibly accessed for ground sampling. In the second phase, we used simulations based on landcover maps to identify size and configuration of the ground sampling units (single plots or grids of plots) and to refine areas to be potentially sampled. In the third phase, we used a second set of simulations to estimate sample size and sampling frequency required to have a reasonable chance of detecting a minimum trend in vegetation cover for a specified time period and level of statistical confidence. Results of the first set of simulations indicated that a spatially balanced random sample of single plots from the most common landcover types yielded the most efficient sampling scheme. Results of the second set of simulations were compared with field data and indicated that we should be able to detect at least a 25% change in vegetation attributes over 31 years by sampling 8 or more plots per year every five years in focal landcover types. This approach would be especially useful in situations where ground sampling is restricted by access. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Thompson, William L.; Miller, Amy E.; Mortenson, Dorothy C.] Natl Pk Serv, SW Alaska Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
[Mortenson, Dorothy C.] Oregon Water Resources Dept, Salem, OR 97301 USA.
[Woodward, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Thompson, WL (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, SW Alaska Network, 240 W 5th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
EM bill_thompson@nps.gov; amy_e_miller@nps.gov; mortendc@wrd.state.or.us;
andrea_wood-ward@usgs.gov
FU National Park Service
FX We thank A. Symstad, P. Geissler, E. Beever and two anonymous reviewers
for their many helpful review comments that improved this manuscript. We
also thank C. Roland for developing and sharing his sampling design that
helped inform our work. Additional guidance came from A. Symstad, P.
Spencer, T. Hollingsworth, W. Bowman, T. Jorgenson, and M. Carlson.
Special thanks to C. Lindsay, C. Moore, and J. Walton for their valuable
assistance in collecting field data. This work was supported by the
National Park Service, SWAN I&M Program. Any use of trade names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
Government.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 5
BP 1270
EP 1277
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.032
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 791MB
UT WOS:000292668200003
ER
PT J
AU Reynolds, JH
Thompson, WL
Russell, B
AF Reynolds, Joel H.
Thompson, William L.
Russell, Brook
TI Planning for success: Identifying effective and efficient survey designs
for monitoring
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Cost analysis; Monte carlo simulation; Population trend; Sample size;
Statistical power; Study planning
ID STATISTICAL POWER; MARK-RECAPTURE; NATURAL-RESOURCES; TRENDS;
CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; LONG; LESSONS; ALASKA; BEARS
AB Selecting a survey design to detect change through time in an ecological resource requires balancing the speed with which a given level of change can be detected against the cost of monitoring. Planning studies allow one to assess these tradeoffs and identify the optimal design choices for a specific scenario of change. However, such studies seldom are conducted. Even worse, they seem least likely to be undertaken when they offer the most insight - when survey methods and monitoring designs are complex and not well captured by simple statistical models. This may be due to limited technical capacity within management agencies. Without such planning, managers risk a potentially severe waste of monitoring resources on ineffective and inefficient monitoring, and institutions will remain ignorant of the true costs of information and the potential efficiency gains afforded by a moderate increase in technical capacity. We discuss the importance of planning studies, outline their main components, and illustrate the process through an investigation of competing designs for monitoring for declining brown bear (Ursus arctos) densities in southwestern Alaska. The results provide guidance on how long monitoring must be sustained before any change is likely to be detected (under a scenario of rather strong true decline), the optimal designs for detecting a change, and a tradeoff where accepting a delay of 2 years in detecting the change could reduce the monitoring cost by almost 50%. This report emphasizes the importance of planning studies for guiding monitoring decisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Reynolds, Joel H.; Russell, Brook] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Realty & Nat Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Thompson, William L.] Natl Pk Serv, SW Alaska Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
[Russell, Brook] Casper Coll, Dept Stat, Casper, WY 82601 USA.
RP Reynolds, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Realty & Nat Resources, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS 221, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM joel_reynolds@fws.gov; bill_thompson@nps.gov; brooktrussell@yahoo.com
RI Reynolds, Joel/E-1445-2011
OI Reynolds, Joel/0000-0003-4506-0501
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Realty and Natural Resources in
Anchorage, Alaska; Togiak National Wildlife Refuge; National Park
Service, Southwest Alaska Network
FX This work was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Division of
Realty and Natural Resources in Anchorage, Alaska, Togiak National
Wildlife Refuge, and the National Park Service, Southwest Alaska Network
Inventory and Monitoring Program. The ideas presented here were
improved, often indirectly, through many conversations with Earl Becker,
Patrick Walsh, Heather Renner, Emily Silverman, and Harold Laskowski.
The manuscript benefited from the thoughtful comments of three anonymous
reviewers.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
EI 1873-2917
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 5
BP 1278
EP 1284
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.002
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 791MB
UT WOS:000292668200004
ER
PT J
AU McGowan, CP
Runge, MC
Larson, MA
AF McGowan, Conor P.
Runge, Michael C.
Larson, Michael A.
TI Incorporating parametric uncertainty into population viability analysis
models
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Charadriusmelodus; Endangered species; Piping plover; Population
modeling; Population viability analysis; Parametric uncertainty;
Structured decision making
ID PIPING PLOVERS; EXPERT OPINION; GREAT-PLAINS; MANAGEMENT; STOCHASTICITY;
CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; VARIANCE; SURVIVAL
AB Uncertainty in parameter estimates from sampling variation or expert judgment can introduce substantial uncertainty into ecological predictions based on those estimates. However, in standard population viability analyses, one of the most widely used tools for managing plant, fish and wildlife populations, parametric uncertainty is often ignored in or discarded from model projections. We present a method for explicitly incorporating this source of uncertainty into population models to fully account for risk in management and decision contexts. Our method involves a two-step simulation process where parametric uncertainty is incorporated into the replication loop of the model and temporal variance is incorporated into the loop for time steps in the model. Using the piping plover, a federally threatened shorebird in the USA and Canada, as an example, we compare abundance projections and extinction probabilities from simulations that exclude and include parametric uncertainty. Although final abundance was very low for all sets of simulations, estimated extinction risk was much greater for the simulation that incorporated parametric uncertainty in the replication loop. Decisions about species conservation (e.g., listing, delisting, and jeopardy) might differ greatly depending on the treatment of parametric uncertainty in population models. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [McGowan, Conor P.; Runge, Michael C.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Larson, Michael A.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA.
RP McGowan, CP (reprint author), Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM cmcgowan@usgs.gov
RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011
OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X
FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Minnesota Department of Natural
Resources
FX This work was supported by the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. We thank M.R. Ryan,
J.D. Nichols, M. Eaton, and J. Martin for reviewing earlier drafts of
this manuscript. We also thank the editors and anonymous reviews for
helping us to improve this manuscript.
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
EI 1873-2917
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 5
BP 1400
EP 1408
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.01.005
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 791MB
UT WOS:000292668200021
ER
PT J
AU Peacock, E
Derocher, AE
Thiemann, GW
Stirling, I
AF Peacock, E.
Derocher, A. E.
Thiemann, G. W.
Stirling, I.
TI Conservation and management of Canada's polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in
a changing Arctic
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Review
ID LOCAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; FREEZE/THAW PROCESSES; POPULATION VIABILITY; HUMAN
GEOGRAPHIES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MARINE MAMMALS; BARENTS SEA
AB Canada has an important responsibility for the research, conservation, and management of polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) because the majority of polar bears in the world occur within the nation's borders. Two fundamental and recent changes for polar bears and their conservation have arisen: (1) the ongoing and projected further decline of sea-ice habitat as a result of climate change and (2) the implementation of aboriginal land claims and treaties in Canada's North. Science has documented empirical links between productivity of polar bear population and sea-ice change. Predictive modeling based on these data has forecast significant declines in polar bear abundance and distribution of polar bears. With the signing of northern land claims and treaties, polar bear management in Canada has integrated local aboriginal participation, values, and knowledge. The interaction of scientific and local perspectives on polar bears as they relate to harvest, climate change, and declining habitat has recently caused controversy. Some conservation, management, and research decisions have been contentious because of gaps in scientific knowledge and the polarization and politicization of the roles of the various stakeholders. With these ecological and governance transitions, there is a need to re-focus and re-direct polar bear conservation in Canada.
C1 [Peacock, E.] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada.
[Derocher, A. E.; Stirling, I.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
[Thiemann, G. W.] York Univ, Fac Environm Studies, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
[Stirling, I.] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6G 3S5, Canada.
RP Peacock, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM lpeacock@usgs.gov
RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Thiemann,
Gregory/J-9517-2013
OI Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774;
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PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 89
IS 5
SI SI
BP 371
EP 385
DI 10.1139/Z11-021
PG 15
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 775QS
UT WOS:000291478600002
ER
PT J
AU Paxton, EH
Theimer, TC
Sogge, MK
AF Paxton, Eben H.
Theimer, Tad C.
Sogge, Mark K.
TI TAMARISK BIOCONTROL USING TAMARISK BEETLES: POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES FOR
RIPARIAN BIRDS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE tamarisk; Tamarix; saltcedar; invasive plants; riparian habitat;
biocontrol; ecological trap; Diorhabda
ID GYPSY-MOTH DEFOLIATION; THAUMETOPOEA-PITYOCAMPA POPULATION; NEST-SITE
SELECTION; SPRUCE BUDWORM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; WILLOW FLYCATCHER;
BREEDING BIRDS; COLORADO RIVER; NUMERICAL RESPONSE; SHIFTED PHENOLOGY
AB The tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda spp.), a non-native biocontrol agent, has been introduced to eradicate tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), a genus of non-native tree that has become a dominant component of riparian woodlands in the southwestern United States. Tamarisk beetles have the potential to spread widely and defoliate large expanses of tamarisk habitat, but the effects of such a widespread loss of riparian vegetation on birds remains unknown. We reviewed literature on the effects of other defoliating insects on birds to investigate the potential for tamarisk beetles to affect birds positively or negatively by changing food abundance and vegetation structure. We then combined data on the temporal patterns of tamarisk defoliation by beetles with nest productivity of a well-studied riparian obligate, the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus), to simulate the potential demographic consequences of beetle defoliation on breeding riparian birds in both the short and long term. Our results highlight that the effects of tamarisk biocontrol on birds will likely vary by species and population, depending upon its sensitivity to seasonal defoliation by beetles and net loss of riparian habitat due to tamarisk mortality. Species with restricted distributions that include areas dominated by tamarisk may be negatively affected both in the short and long term. The rate of regeneration and/or restoration of native cottonwoods (Populus spp.) and willows (Salix spp.) relative to the rate of tamarisk loss will be critical in determining the long-term effect of this large-scale ecological experiment.
C1 [Paxton, Eben H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Islands Ecol Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
[Theimer, Tad C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Sogge, Mark K.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Paxton, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Islands Ecol Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
EM eben_paxton@usgs.gov
OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
EI 1938-5129
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 2
BP 255
EP 265
DI 10.1525/cond.2011.090226
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779CD
UT WOS:000291754800002
ER
PT J
AU Anteau, MJ
Anteau, ACE
Afton, AD
AF Anteau, Michael J.
Anteau, Andrea C. E.
Afton, Alan D.
TI TESTING COMPETING HYPOTHESES FOR CHRONOLOGY AND INTENSITY OF LESSER
SCAUP MOLT DURING WINTER AND SPRING MIGRATION
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE duck; feather; incubation; migration; molt; plumage; waterfowl
ID RING-NECKED DUCKS; MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; UPPER-MIDWEST;
MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; FEMALE MALLARDS; AYTHYA-AFFINIS; ANNUAL CYCLE;
DIETS; AGE; CANVASBACKS
AB We examined chronology and intensity of molt and their relationships to nutrient reserves (lipid and protein) of Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) to test predictions of two competing hypotheses. The "staggered cost" hypothesis states that contour-feather molt is nutritionally costly and should not occur during nutritionally costly periods of the annual cycle unless adequate nutrients are available. The "breeding plumage" hypothesis states that prealternate molt must be complete prior to nesting, regardless of nutrient availability. Males and females were completing prebasic molt during winter (Louisiana) and had similar molt intensities. Females underwent prealternate molt during spring migration (Illinois and Minnesota) and prebreeding (Manitoba) periods; 53% and 93% of females were in moderate to heavy molt in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively, despite experiencing other substantial nutritional costs. Intensity of prealternate molt was not correlated with lipid reserves even though females, on average, were nutritionally stressed. Molt intensity was not negatively correlated with protein reserves at any location. Chronology and intensity of prealternate molt varied little and were not temporally staggered from other nutritionally costly events. Prealternate molt did not influence nutrient reserves, and nutrient reserves likely were not the ultimate factor influencing chronology or intensity of prealternate molt of females. We surmise that nutrients required for prealternate molt come from exogenous sources and that the "staggered cost" hypothesis does not explain chronology of prealternate molt in female Lesser Scaup; rather, it appears that molt must be complete prior to nesting, consistent with the "breeding plumage" hypothesis.
C1 [Anteau, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Anteau, Andrea C. E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM manteau@usgs.gov
FU Delta Waterfowl Foundation; Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research
(IWWR) of Ducks Unlimited Canada; IWWR of Ducks Unlimited USA; U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service region 3; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service region 4;
USGS Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Louisiana
State University; USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
FX We thank Jason Caswell, Scott Durham, Paul Dummer, Ken Richkus, and
Scotland Talley for assisting with collections. We are grateful for
logistical support provided by Richard Anderson, Christine Custer, Jim
Fisher, Robert Helm, Steve Havera, Toni Hess, Joel Huener, Tommy Michot,
Paul Telander, Frank Rohwer, the Delta Waterfowl Foundation, Louisiana
State University, Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Minnesota
Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
National Wetland Research Center, Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, the
USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Western Illinois
University, Tri-Tronics Training Collars, and Federal, Winchester,
Estate, and Kent cartridge companies. We acknowledge Maggie Anderson,
Michael Anderson, Francois Bolduc, Frank Bowers, Bill Hohman, Steve
Kufrin, and Steve Wilds for their support of this project. We also thank
the following organizations for financial support: Delta Waterfowl
Foundation, the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research (IWWR) of
Ducks Unlimited Canada, IWWR of Ducks Unlimited USA under the Edward D.
and Sally Futch Fellowship program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
regions 3 and 4, the USGS Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit at Louisiana State University, and the USGS Northern
Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Last, we thank, Dan Esler, Bill
Hohman, Jon Jonsson, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the
manuscript. The Louisiana State University Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee approved our experimental protocol (number 00-011). The
use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for
informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the
U.S. government or the USGS.
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PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 2
BP 298
EP 305
DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100055
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779CD
UT WOS:000291754800006
ER
PT J
AU Fedy, B
Martin, K
AF Fedy, Bradley
Martin, Kathy
TI THE INFLUENCE OF FINE-SCALE HABITAT FEATURES ON REGIONAL VARIATION IN
POPULATION PERFORMANCE OF ALPINE WHITE-TAILED PTARMIGAN
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Lagopus leucura; grouse; alpine; resource selection; habitat use;
White-tailed Ptarmigan; fragmentation; metapopulation
ID LAGOPUS-LEUCURUS; WILLOW PTARMIGAN; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS;
SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA; EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS; RESOURCE SELECTION; MALE
VIGILANCE; PREFERENCES; QUALITY; MICROHABITAT
AB It is often assumed (explicitly or implicitly) that animals select habitat features to maximize fitness. However, there is often a mismatch between preferred habitats and indices of individual and population measures of performance. We examined the influence of fine-scale habitat selection on the overall population performance of the White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura), an alpine specialist, in two subdivided populations whose habitat patches are configured differently. The central region of Vancouver Island, Canada, has more continuous and larger habitat patches than the southern region. In 2003 and 2004, using paired logistic regression between used (n = 176) and available (n = 324) sites, we identified food availability, distance to standing water, and predator cover as preferred habitat components. We then quantified variation in population performance in the two regions in terms of sex ratio, age structure (n = 182 adults and yearlings), and reproductive success (n = 98 females) on the basis of 8 years of data (1995-1999, 2002-2004). Region strongly influenced females' breeding success, which, unsuccessful hens included, was consistently higher in the central region (n = 77 females) of the island than in the south (n = 21 females, P = 0.01). The central region also had a much higher proportion of successful hens (87%) than did the south (55%, P < 0.001). In light of our findings, we suggest that population performance is influenced by a combination of fine-scale habitat features and coarse-scale habitat configuration.
C1 [Fedy, Bradley] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Martin, Kathy] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Fedy, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM bcfedy@gmail.com
OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada;
University of British Columbia; NSERC; Society of Canadian
Ornithologists and Friends of Ecological Reserves; Forest Renewal
British Columbia; Environment Canada
FX We thank the many field assistants who were a part of the project, in
particular Mark Wong, who provided excellent field assistance for
several years. Comments from M. Drever and P. Arcese improved the
manuscript. M. Mossop provided organizational assistance. B.C.F. was
supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
Canada Graduate Scholarship, a University of British Columbia Graduate
Scholarship, and an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship. Research was
supported by grants from the Society of Canadian Ornithologists and
Friends of Ecological Reserves to B.C.F., and by an NSERC Discovery
Grant and Forest Renewal British Columbia and Environment Canada support
to K.M.
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PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 2
BP 306
EP 315
DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100070
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779CD
UT WOS:000291754800007
ER
PT J
AU Millsap, BA
Seipke, SH
Clark, WS
AF Millsap, Brian A.
Seipke, Sergio H.
Clark, William S.
TI THE GRAY HAWK (BUTEO NITIDUS) IS TWO SPECIES
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Buteo nitidus; Buteo plagiatus; Gray Hawk; Gray-lined Hawk; species;
taxonomy
ID NORTH-AMERICAN-BIRDS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENUS BUTEO; ACCIPITRIDAE;
SPECIATION; EVOLUTION
AB We compared the plumage, morphology, and the alarm call of two taxa of the Gray Hawk (Buteo nitidus) from north and south of a distributional gap in the species' range in Costa Rica. We found all age and sex classes completely distinguishable on the basis of several discrete plumage features. Three of four age and sex classes were diagnosably distinct by measurements of external morphology alone, and the two taxa had diagnosably different alarm calls. On the basis of the level and stability of morphological differentiation, and consistent with prior work suggesting substantial genetic differentiation between the two taxa, we recommend they be recognized as full species, B. nitidus, the Gray-lined Hawk, south of the distributional gap in Costa Rica, and B. plagiatus, the Gray Hawk, north of the gap.
C1 [Millsap, Brian A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA.
RP Millsap, BA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA.
EM brian_a_millsap@fws.gov
FU Biology Department at George Mason University; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Southwest Region; American Museum of Natural History; Peregrine
Fund; Princeton University Press; Ben Olewine III
FX This work is based in part on BAM's M.Sc. thesis, and he acknowledges
the support of the Biology Department at George Mason University, and
particularly the guidance of his committee chair D. W. Johnston and
committee member R. C. Banks. BAM's work was supported by grants from
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region, and from the Frank
M. Chapman Memorial Fund, American Museum of Natural History. Field and
museum work by SHS was partially financed by The Peregrine Fund,
Princeton University Press, and Ben Olewine III. We all gratefully
acknowledge the assistance and access to museum material provided by all
the institutions visited, and we recognize this material is available
only because of the dedication of the many ornithologists and
naturalists who preceded us. We thank T. Bishop and J. I. Areta for
their assistance in providing digital call recordings from the Macaulay
Library at Cornell University, and we thank all those who contributed
their call recordings to these institutions. L. Sandoval graciously
allowed us to use his call recording from Costa Rica. We thank Princeton
University Press for permission to use the illustrations of the Gray
Hawk and Gray-lined Hawk in Figure 1 and J. Schmitt, the artist, who
agreed to this permission. The illustrations will be in a field guide to
the raptors of Mexico and Central America authored by WSC and J. Schmitt
and published by Princeton University Press. J. I. Areta, B. Howe, J.
Morgart, M. Patten, S. Chambers, and three anonymous reviewers made
helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. The findings and
conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
EI 1938-5129
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 2
BP 326
EP 339
DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100089
PG 14
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779CD
UT WOS:000291754800009
ER
PT J
AU Hatch, SA
Gill, VA
Mulcahy, DM
AF Hatch, Scott A.
Gill, Verena A.
Mulcahy, Daniel M.
TI MIGRATION AND WINTERING AREAS OF GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULLS FROM
SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Glaucous-winged Gull; Larus glaucescens; Middleton Island;
migration; migratory connectivity; satellite telemetry; wintering areas
ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POPULATION-GROWTH; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; RADIO
TRANSMITTERS; LARUS-GLAUCESCENS; NORTHERN FULMARS; TRACKING; DUCKS;
CONNECTIVITY; MOVEMENTS
AB We used satellite telemetry to investigate the migration patterns and wintering areas of Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) from Middleton Island, Alaska, where this species' population increased tenfold from the 1970s to the 1990s. Fall migration spanned 11 weeks, including numerous stopovers en route, apparently for feeding. Spring migration from wintering sites to Middleton Island was shorter (4 weeks) and more direct. One juvenile spent several months in southern Prince William Sound. An adult spent several months near Craig, southeast Alaska, while three others overwintered in southern British Columbia. For all four wintering adults use of refuse-disposal sites was evident or strongly suggested. Commensalism with humans may have contributed to the increase on Middleton, but a strong case can also be made for a competing explanation regional recruitment of gulls to high-quality nesting habitat in Alaska created after the earthquake of 1964. An analysis of band returns reveals broad overlap in the wintering grounds of gulls from different Alaska colonies and of gulls banded on the west coast from British Columbia to California. The seasonal movement of many gulls from Alaska is decidedly migratory, whereas gulls from British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon disperse locally in winter.
C1 [Hatch, Scott A.; Gill, Verena A.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Hatch, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM shatch@usgs.gov
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
EI 1938-5129
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 2
BP 340
EP 351
DI 10.1525/cond.2011.090224
PG 12
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779CD
UT WOS:000291754800010
ER
PT J
AU Mattsson, BJ
Latta, SC
Cooper, RJ
Mulvihill, RS
AF Mattsson, Brady J.
Latta, Steven C.
Cooper, Robert J.
Mulvihill, Robert S.
TI LATITUDINAL VARIATION IN REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES BY THE MIGRATORY
LOUISIANA WATERTHRUSH
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE fecundity; latitudinal variation; neotropical migrant; stochastic
individual-based model; life history components; Louisiana Waterthrush;
Parkesia motacilla
ID SEIURUS-MOTACILLA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLUTCH-SIZE; BIRDS; ECOLOGY; FOOD
AB We evaluated hypotheses that seek to explain breeding strategies of the Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) that vary across a latitudinal gradient. On the basis of data from 418 nests of color-banded individuals in southwestern Pennsylvania and 700 km south in the Georgia Piedmont, we found that clutch size in replacement nests and probability of renesting were significantly greater in Pennsylvania (clutch size 4.4; renesting probability 0.66) than in Georgia (clutch size 3.8; renesting probability 0.54). Contrasts of the remaining measures of breeding were not statistically significant, and, in particular, mean daily nest survival in the two study areas was nearly identical (0.974 in Pennsylvania; 0.975 in Georgia). An individual-based model of fecundity (i.e., number of fledged young per adult female), predicted that approximately half of the females in both Pennsylvania and Georgia fledge at least one young, and mean values for fecundity in Pennsylvania and Georgia were 2.28 and 1.91, respectively. On the basis of greater support for the food-limitation hypothesis than for the season-length hypothesis, the trade-off between breeding in a region with more food but making a longer migration may be greater for waterthrushes breeding farther north than for those breeding farther south.
C1 [Mattsson, Brady J.; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Latta, Steven C.] Natl Aviary, Dept Conservat & Field Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA.
[Mulvihill, Robert S.] Powdermill Avian Res Ctr, Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Rector, PA 15677 USA.
RP Mattsson, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM bmattsson@usgs.gov
RI Mattsson, Brady/K-1688-2015
OI Mattsson, Brady/0000-0002-3182-9538
FU Pennsylvania Wild Resource Conservation Program; U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency; Carnegie Museum of Natural History; Pittsburgh
Foundation; U.S. Forest Service [02CS11080300006B]; University of
Georgia [02CS11080300006B]; Georgia Ornithological Society; Georgia
Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Division [028774-01];
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [027008-01]; Warnell School of Forestry
and Natural Resources
FX We thank multiple broods of field assistants, student interns, and
volunteers for help recording many of the observations and data for both
the Georgia and Pennsylvania studies. For access to Pennsylvania study
sites away from Powdermill Nature Reserve, as well as other logistical
support, we thank several private landowners, the Loyalhanna Watershed
Association, Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry, Pennsylvania Bureau of
State Parks, Pennsylvania Game Commission, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat
Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, U.S.
Department of Agriculture's Natural Resource Conservation Service,
Western Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation,
Pennsylvania Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation, Westmoreland County
and Somerset County Conservation District offices, California University
of Pennsylvania, Saint Vincent College, and the Pennsylvania State
University. We thank Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, Plum Creek
Timber Company, and other private landowners for permission to use their
lands for the Georgia study. We thank the Piedmont refuge's staff for
providing housing and office support, C. Delatore for assistance in
obtaining permission to conduct research on private lands, and N. Klaus
for advice and support during the planning stages of the Georgia study.
We thank the Cooper Lab and two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful
comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Felicity Newell deserves
special mention and thanks for facilitating our study by providing some
additional review and analysis of the Pennsylvania data. Funding for the
Pennsylvania study was provided by the Pennsylvania Wild Resource
Conservation Program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the
William H. and Ingrid S. Rea and M. Graham Netting research funds of
Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and the M. Graham and Jane S.
Netting Environmental Fund of The Pittsburgh Foundation. Funding for the
Georgia study came from a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Forest
Service and University of Georgia (contract 02CS11080300006B), grants
from the Georgia Ornithological Society (H. Branch Howe Jr. Graduate
Student Research Grant), Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Wildlife Resources Division (proposal 028774-01), U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act Grant, proposal
027008-01), and Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources.
Materials and methods used in this study comply with the current
policies of the University of Georgia and Carnegie Museum of Natural
History, as well as relevant state and federal laws and permits
governing the capture and banding of wild birds.
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PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 2
BP 412
EP 418
DI 10.1525/cond.2011.090212
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779CD
UT WOS:000291754800017
ER
PT J
AU Hovick, TJ
Miller, JR
Koford, RR
Engle, DM
Debinski, DM
AF Hovick, Torre J.
Miller, James R.
Koford, Rolf R.
Engle, David M.
Debinski, Diane M.
TI POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL OF GRASSHOPPER SPARROWS IN GRASSLANDS MANAGED WITH
FIRE AND GRAZING
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Ammodramus savannarum; Grasshopper Sparrow; patch-burn grazing;
postfledging survival; prescribed fire; tallgrass prairie
ID HABITAT QUALITY; RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; RESTORED
GRASSLANDS; WOOD THRUSHES; MOVEMENTS; BIRDS; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION;
MESOPREDATOR
AB More accurate estimates of survival after nestlings fledge are needed for population models to be parameterized and population dynamics to be understood during this vulnerable life stage. The period after fledging is the time when chicks learn to fly, forage, and hide from predators. We monitored postfledging survival, cause-specific mortality, and movements of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) in grassland managed with fire and grazing. In 2009, we attached radio transmitters to 50 nestlings from 50 different broods and modeled their survival in response to climatic, biological, and ecological variables. There was no effect of treatment on survival. The factor most influencing postfledging survival was age; no other variable was significant. The majority of chicks (74%) died within 3 days of radio-transmitter attachment. We attributed most mortality to mesopredators (48%) and exposure (28%). Fledglings' movements increased rapidly for the first 4 days after they left the nest and were relatively stable for the remaining 10 days we tracked them. On average, fledglings took flight for the first time 4 days after fledging and flew >= 10 m 9 days after fledging. Our data show that the Grasshopper Sparrow's survival rates may be less than most models relying on nest-success estimates predict, and we emphasize the importance of incorporating estimates of survival during the postfledging period in demographic models.
C1 [Hovick, Torre J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Miller, James R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Koford, Rolf R.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Engle, David M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
[Debinski, Diane M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Hovick, TJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM torre.hovick@gmail.com
OI Debinski, Diane/0000-0002-7144-4640
FU Nebraska Chapter of the Nature Conservancy; Association of Field
Ornithologists; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; United States
Department of Agriculture's National Research Initiative; Iowa State
Wildlife Grants [T-1-R-15]
FX This work was supported by a J. E. Weaver Grant from the Nebraska
Chapter of the Nature Conservancy, an A. Bergstrom award from the
Association of Field Ornithologists, a grant from the Iowa Department of
Natural Resources small-grants program, and the United States Department
of Agriculture's National Research Initiative Grant. Partial funding for
this project was through the Iowa State Wildlife Grants program grant
T-1-R-15 in cooperation with the United States Fish and Wildlife
Service, Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program. We are grateful to
Joseph Lautenbach, Jonathan Lautenbach, Shannon Rusk, Finn Pillsbury,
Devan McGranahan, and Meghan Kirkwood. Thanks to Ryan Harr for logistics
and Steve Dinsmore for statistical help. Mention of trade names does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
EI 1938-5129
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 2
BP 429
EP 437
DI 10.1525/cond.2011.100135
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 779CD
UT WOS:000291754800019
ER
PT J
AU Hagler, MM
Freeman, MC
Wenger, SJ
Freeman, BJ
Rakes, PL
Shute, JR
AF Hagler, Megan M.
Freeman, Mary C.
Wenger, Seth J.
Freeman, Byron J.
Rakes, Patrick L.
Shute, J. R.
TI Use of recent and historical records to estimate status and trends of a
rare and imperiled stream fish, Percina jenkinsi (Percidae)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POPULATION-SIZE; RATES; CONSERVATION; COUNTS
AB Rarely encountered animals may be present but undetected, potentially leading to incorrect assumptions about the persistence of a local population or the conservation priority of a particular area. The federally endangered and narrowly endemic Conasauga logperch (Percina jenkinsi) is a good example of a rarely encountered fish species of conservation concern, for which basic population statistics are lacking. We evaluated the occurrence frequency for this species using surveys conducted with a repeat-observation sampling approach during the summer of 2008. We also analyzed museum records since the late 1980s to evaluate the trends in detected status through time. The results of these analyses provided support for a declining trend in this species over a portion of its historical range, despite low estimated detection probability. We used the results to identify the expected information return for a given level of monitoring where the sampling approach incorporates incomplete detection. The method applied here may be of value where historic occurrence records are available, provided that the assumption of constant capture efficiency is reasonable.
C1 [Hagler, Megan M.; Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Wenger, Seth J.] Trout Unltd US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
[Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Rakes, Patrick L.; Shute, J. R.] Conservat Fisheries Inc, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA.
RP Hagler, MM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 110 Riverbend Rd,Room 101, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM megan@hemip.nhm.uga.edu
RI Wenger, Seth/G-6594-2011
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PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 5
BP 739
EP 748
DI 10.1139/F2011-014
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 775GD
UT WOS:000291445900001
ER
PT J
AU Johannsson, OE
Bowen, KL
Holeck, KT
Walsh, MG
AF Johannsson, Ora E.
Bowen, Kelly L.
Holeck, Kristen T.
Walsh, Maureen G.
TI Mysis diluviana population and cohort dynamics in Lake Ontario before
and after the establishment of Dreissena spp., Cercopagis pengoi, and
Bythotrephes longimanus
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LOWER FOOD-WEB; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PREDATORY CLADOCERAN;
GREAT-LAKES; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; INVASIVE PREDATOR; ECOSYSTEM
CHANGE; RAINBOW SMELT; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER
AB We investigated population responses of Mysis to ecosystem changes induced by invasion of dreissenids and predatory cladocerans, Cercopagis and Bythotrephes. Lake productivity declined as dreissenids invaded the offshore region. Whole-lake mysid biomass was compared before (early 1990s) and after (2002-2007) the invasion period; it declined 40%-45%. Abundance of young mysids and presence of a summer cohort increased with summer, epilmnetic, nighttime zooplankton biomass (i.e., food biomass index). Cercopagis + Bythotrephes biomass was negatively correlated with this index, implicating them in the mysid decline. Eggs per gravid female increased with autumn, total-water-column zooplankton biomass, reflecting the greater use of hypolimnetic waters by adults. Reproductive success was below replacement during the period 2002-2005. First-year mysid growth rate was maintained while population abundance declined, suggesting selection for individuals that feed effectively at low food concentrations. Mortality rates in the first and second years were dependent on cohort density, indicating that competition for food limited abundance in the first 2 years. Fish predation indices (smelt and alewife combined) were correlated positively with mortality rates and negatively with abundance in the third year. Thus, mysids cannot support as many fish in invaded compared with non-invaded lakes. They may also not be a stable food resource; unusual cohort losses occurred in some years.
C1 [Johannsson, Ora E.; Bowen, Kelly L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Holeck, Kristen T.] Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13100 USA.
[Walsh, Maureen G.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
RP Johannsson, OE (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
EM ora.wood@gmail.com
FU OMNR through the Canada Ontario Agreement; Fisheries and Oceans Canada;
NSERC; University of Toronto; Cornell University; US Geological Survey
FX Foremost, we acknowledge our indebtedness to the Canadian Coast Guard,
who has supplied the ships and manpower for the fall mysid cruises,
without which this program could never be accomplished, and for their
generous assistance at all times. We thank Scott Millard (DFO) and Bruce
Morrison (OMNR), whose continuous support for the program ensured its
viability. We also thank other program managers (Michael Arts, Ed Mills,
Bob O'Gorman) who have contributed to these studies and the many people
who have helped with sampling and sample analysis: Robert Bonnell,
Martina Rudy, Christian Schlechtriem, Monica Grenados, and in particular
Jocelyn Gerlofsma and Tania Hollinger. The excellent map of Lake Ontario
was constructed by Carolyn Bakelaar. Special thanks go to Brent
Boscarino, Bob O'Gorman, and Ted Shaner, who specifically analyzed and
provided insight from their unpublished data at critical points. Reviews
by Bob O'Gorman, Lars Rudstam, and Tom Stewart greatly improved the
manuscript. OEJ thanks Danielle McDonald and Margory Oleksiak for their
welcome at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences
while working on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the
OMNR through the Canada Ontario Agreement, by Fisheries and Oceans
Canada, NSERC Strategic Grant (1990-1995) to G. Sprules, University of
Toronto, Cornell University, and US Geological Survey. This manuscript
is Contribution 1630 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science
Center and No. 276 of the Cornell Biological Field Station.
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PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 5
BP 795
EP 811
DI 10.1139/F2011-028
PG 17
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 775GD
UT WOS:000291445900006
ER
PT J
AU Eskelson, BNI
Anderson, PD
Hagar, JC
Temesgen, H
AF Eskelson, Bianca N. I.
Anderson, Paul. D.
Hagar, Joan C.
Temesgen, Hailemariam
TI Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its
implications for sampling
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
FORESTIERE
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTERNAL DRIFT; CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; WESTERN WASHINGTON; HEADWATER
FORESTS; SMALL STREAMS; CLEAR-CUT; MANAGEMENT; GRADIENTS; OREGON;
LANDSCAPE
AB Predictive models of microclimate under various site conditions in forested headwater stream - riparian areas are poorly developed, and sampling designs for characterizing underlying riparian microclimate gradients are sparse. We used riparian microclimate data collected at eight headwater streams in the Oregon Coast Range to compare ordinary kriging (OK), universal kriging (UK), and kriging with external drift (KED) for point prediction of mean maximum air temperature (T-air). Several topographic and forest structure characteristics were considered as site-specific parameters. Height above stream and distance to stream were the most important covariates in the KED models, which outperformed OK and UK in terms of root mean square error. Sample patterns were optimized based on the kriging variance and the weighted means of shortest distance criterion using the simulated annealing algorithm. The optimized sample patterns outperformed systematic sample patterns in terms of mean kriging variance mainly for small sample sizes. These findings suggest methods for increasing efficiency of microclimate monitoring in riparian areas.
C1 [Eskelson, Bianca N. I.; Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Anderson, Paul. D.] US Forest Serv, Biol & Culture Forest Plants Team, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA.
[Hagar, Joan C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Eskelson, BNI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 204 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM bianca.eskelson@oregonstate.edu
RI Eskelson, Bianca/P-6095-2016
OI Eskelson, Bianca/0000-0002-3398-2333
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PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0045-5067
J9 CAN J FOREST RES
JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 5
BP 974
EP 985
DI 10.1139/X11-015
PG 12
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 775GI
UT WOS:000291446400007
ER
PT J
AU Solovitz, SA
Mastin, LG
Saffaraval, F
AF Solovitz, Stephen A.
Mastin, Larry G.
Saffaraval, Farhad
TI Experimental Study of Near-Field Entrainment of Moderately Overpressured
Jets
SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
ID TURBULENT JET; VOLCANIC JETS; CONVECTION; VELOCITY
AB Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been conducted to study the velocity flow fields in the developing flow region of high-speed jets. These velocity distributions were examined to determine the entrained mass flow over a range of geometric and flow conditions, including overpressured cases up to an overpressure ratio of 2.83. In the region near the jet exit, all measured flows exhibited the same entrainment up until the location of the first shock when overpressured. Beyond this location, the entrainment was reduced with increasing overpressure ratio, falling to approximately 60% of the magnitudes seen when subsonic. Since entrainment ratios based on lower speed, subsonic results are typically used in one-dimensional volcanological models of plume development, the current analytical methods will underestimate the likelihood of column collapse. In addition, the concept of the entrainment ratio normalization is examined in detail, as several key assumptions in this methodology do not apply when overpressured. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004083]
C1 [Solovitz, Stephen A.; Saffaraval, Farhad] Washington State Univ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA.
[Mastin, Larry G.] USGS Cascade Volcanoes Observ, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA.
RP Solovitz, SA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave,VELS 130F, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA.
EM stevesol@vancouver.wsu.edu; lgmastin@usgs.gov;
f-saffaraval@vancouver.wsu.edu
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PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0098-2202
J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME
JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 133
IS 5
AR 051304
DI 10.1115/1.4004083
PG 12
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 774QV
UT WOS:000291402100013
ER
PT J
AU De Jager, NR
Rohweder, JJ
AF De Jager, Nathan R.
Rohweder, Jason J.
TI Spatial scaling of core and dominant forest cover in the Upper
Mississippi and Illinois River floodplains, USA
SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Connectivity; Exponential decay; Forest fragmentation; Fractal;
Half-scale; Landscape pattern; Restoration
ID UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE SCALES; STOPOVER HABITATS; WISCONSIN RIVER;
WATER-QUALITY; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPES; PATTERNS; RIPARIAN; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Different organisms respond to spatial structure in different terms and across different spatial scales. As a consequence, efforts to reverse habitat loss and fragmentation through strategic habitat restoration ought to account for the different habitat density and scale requirements of various taxonomic groups. Here, we estimated the local density of floodplain forest surrounding each of similar to 20 million 10-m forested pixels of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois River floodplains by using moving windows of multiple sizes (1-100 ha). We further identified forest pixels that met two local density thresholds: 'core' forest pixels were nested in a 100% (unfragmented) forested window and 'dominant' forest pixels were those nested in a > 60% forested window. Finally, we fit two scaling functions to declines in the proportion of forest cover meeting these criteria with increasing window length for 107 management-relevant focal areas: a power function (i.e. self-similar, fractal-like scaling) and an exponential decay function (fractal dimension depends on scale). The exponential decay function consistently explained more variation in changes to the proportion of forest meeting both the 'core' and 'dominant' criteria with increasing window length than did the power function, suggesting that elevation, soil type, hydrology, and human land use constrain these forest types to a limited range of scales. To examine these scales, we transformed the decay constants to measures of the distance at which the probability of forest meeting the 'core' and 'dominant' criteria was cut in half (S(1/2), m). S(1/2) for core forest was typically between similar to 55 and similar to 95 m depending on location along the river, indicating that core forest cover is restricted to extremely fine scales. In contrast, half of all dominant forest cover was lost at scales that were typically between similar to 525 and 750 m, but S(1/2) was as long as 1,800 m. S(1/2) is a simple measure that (1) condenses information derived from multi-scale analyses, (2) allows for comparisons of the amount of forest habitat available to species with different habitat density and scale requirements, and (3) can be used as an index of the spatial continuity of habitat types that do not scale fractally.
C1 [De Jager, Nathan R.; Rohweder, Jason J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
RP De Jager, NR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
EM ndejager@usgs.gov
RI De Jager, Nathan/B-8470-2013;
OI De Jager, Nathan/0000-0002-6649-4125
FU Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) of the Upper Mississippi
River System's Environmental Management Program
FX This study was made possible by funding from the Long Term Resource
Monitoring Program (LTRMP) of the Upper Mississippi River System's
Environmental Management Program, which consists of five state agencies
(Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin) and four federal
agencies (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey). The
support of this group is greatly appreciated. We also appreciate the
helpful comments on this and earlier versions of this manuscript from
Eileen Kirsch, Sammy King, and Wayne Thogmartin (USGS), John Pastor
(University of Minnesota), and three anonymous reviewers.
NR 64
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-2973
J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL
JI Landsc. Ecol.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 697
EP 708
DI 10.1007/s10980-011-9594-2
PG 12
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 775TA
UT WOS:000291485100008
ER
PT J
AU Richmond, BM
Watt, S
Buckley, M
Jaffe, BE
Gelfenbaum, G
Morton, RA
AF Richmond, Bruce M.
Watt, Steve
Buckley, Mark
Jaffe, Bruce E.
Gelfenbaum, Guy
Morton, Robert A.
TI Recent storm and tsunami coarse-clast deposit characteristics, southeast
Hawai'i
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE tsunami deposits; storm deposits; gravel; boulder transport; Hawai'i
ID EXAMPLES; SCOTLAND; VOLCANO; KILAUEA
AB Deposits formed by extreme waves can be useful in elucidating the type and characteristics of the depositional event. The study area on the southeast coast of the island of Hawai'i is characterized by the presence of geologically young basalts of known age that are mantled by recent wave-derived sedimentary deposits. The area has been impacted by large swells, storms and tsunamis over the last century, and in combination with known substrate ages makes this an ideal location to study recent deposits produced by such events.
Three distinct coarse-clast deposit assemblages can be recognized based on clast size, composition, angularity, orientation, packing, elevation and inland distance of the deposit. These deposits are characterized as one of three types. 1) Gravel fields of isolated clasts, primarily boulder-size material, and scattered pockets of concentrated sand and gravel in topographic lows. 2) Shore-parallel and cuspate ridges composed mostly of rounded basalt gravel and sand with small amounts of carbonate detritus. The ridges range in height from about 1 to 3 m and are 10s of m wide. 3) Cliff-top deposits of scattered angular and subangular clasts along sea cliffs that are generally greater than 5 m elevation. The gravel fields are primarily of tsunami origin from either the 1975 Kalapana event, or a combination of the 1975 tsunami, and 1868 tsunami or earlier events. The ridge deposits are presently active and sediment continues to be added during high wave events. The cliff-top deposits contain evidence of deposition by both tsunami and storm processes and require further investigation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Richmond, Bruce M.; Watt, Steve; Buckley, Mark; Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78750 USA.
RP Richmond, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM brichmond@usgs.gov
RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920
FU USGS
FX Walter Dudley, John Coney, M.J. deMaintenon, and Genevieve Cain are
gratefully acknowledged for introducing the authors to the deposits of
the Halape Coast and assistance with field mapping in August 2007. Chip
and Chase Fletcher assisted with the 2007 field survey, and Janet Watt
assisted with field measurements in the August 2008 survey, their
contributions are greatly appreciated. Staffs of Hawaii Volcanoes
National Park and the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory were extremely
helpful in logistics planning and support of field activities. Funding
was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program.
NR 25
TC 31
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2011
VL 283
IS 1-4
SI SI
BP 79
EP 89
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.08.001
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 776HH
UT WOS:000291524600007
ER
PT J
AU Malanson, GP
Resler, LM
Bader, MY
Holtmeier, FK
Butler, DR
Weiss, DJ
Daniels, LD
Fagre, DB
AF Malanson, George P.
Resler, Lynn M.
Bader, Maaike Y.
Holtmeier, Friedrich-Karl
Butler, David R.
Weiss, Daniel J.
Daniels, Lori D.
Fagre, Daniel B.
TI Mountain Treelines: a Roadmap for Research Orientation
SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; ALPINE TREE-LINE; LOW-TEMPERATURE
PHOTOINHIBITION; COLD-INDUCED PHOTOINHIBITION; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS;
FOREST-TUNDRA ECOTONE; CENTRAL SWISS ALPS; CARBON BALANCE; CONIFER
SEEDLINGS; ABIES-LASIOCARPA
AB For over 100 years, mountain treelines have been the subject of varied research endeavors and remain a strong area of investigation. The purpose of this paper is to examine aspects of the epistemology of mountain treeline research-that is, to investigate how knowledge on treelines has been acquired and the changes in knowledge acquisition over time, through a review of fundamental questions and approaches. The questions treeline researchers have raised and continue to raise have undoubtedly directed the current state of knowledge. A continuing, fundamental emphasis has centered on seeking the general cause of mountain treelines, thus seeking an answer to the question, "What causes treeline?" with a primary emphasis on searching for ecophysiological mechanisms of low-temperature limitation for tree growth and regeneration. However, treeline research today also includes a rich literature that seeks local, landscape-scale causes of treelines and reasons why treelines vary so widely in three-dimensional patterns from one location to the next, and this approach and some of its consequences are elaborated here. In recent years, both lines of research have been motivated greatly by global climate change. Given the current state of knowledge, we propose that future research directions focused on a spatial approach should specifically address cross-scale hypotheses using statistics and simulations designed for nested hierarchies; these analyses will benefit from geographic extension of treeline research.
C1 [Resler, Lynn M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Malanson, George P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Bader, Maaike Y.] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
[Holtmeier, Friedrich-Karl] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
[Butler, David R.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
[Weiss, Daniel J.] Yellowstone Ecol Res Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA.
[Daniels, Lori D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.
[Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
RP Resler, LM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM resler@vt.edu
RI Bader, Maaike/M-7998-2013
OI Bader, Maaike/0000-0003-4300-7598
FU U.S. Geological Survey [04CRA00030]
FX This paper was initiated at a workshop organized by the Mountain
GeoDynamics Research Group that was supported by cooperative agreement
04CRA00030 with the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 202
TC 36
Z9 39
U1 5
U2 65
PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES
PI BOULDER
PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA
SN 1523-0430
J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES
JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 43
IS 2
BP 167
EP 177
DI 10.1657/1938-4246-43.2.167
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 770WH
UT WOS:000291118700001
ER
PT J
AU Risley, J
Moradkhani, H
Hay, L
Markstrom, S
AF Risley, John
Moradkhani, Hamid
Hay, Lauren
Markstrom, Steve
TI Statistical Comparisons of Watershed-Scale Response to Climate Change in
Selected Basins across the United States
SO EARTH INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Watershed modeling; Streamflow; Snowmelt; Rainfall;
Groundwater
ID RIVER-BASIN; IMPACTS; MODELS
AB In an earlier global climate-change study, air temperature and precipitation data for the entire twenty-first century simulated from five general circulation models were used as input to precalibrated watershed models for 14 selected basins across the United States. Simulated daily streamflow and energy output from the watershed models were used to compute a range of statistics. With a side-by-side comparison of the statistical analyses for the 14 basins, regional climatic and hydrologic trends over the twenty-first century could be qualitatively identified. Low-flow statistics (95% exceedance, 7-day mean annual minimum, and summer mean monthly streamflow) decreased for almost all basins. Annual maximum daily streamflow also decreased in all the basins, except for all four basins in California and the Pacific Northwest. An analysis of the supply of available energy and water for the basins indicated that ratios of evaporation to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration to precipitation for most of the basins will increase. Probability density functions (PDFs) were developed to assess the uncertainty and multimodality in the impact of climate change on mean annual streamflow variability. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests showed significant differences between the beginning and ending twenty-first-century PDFs for most of the basins, with the exception of four basins that are located in the western United States. Almost none of the basin PDFs were normally distributed, and two basins in the upper Midwest had PDFs that were extremely dispersed and skewed.
C1 [Risley, John] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
[Moradkhani, Hamid] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
[Hay, Lauren; Markstrom, Steve] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Risley, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
EM jrisley@usgs.gov
RI Moradkhani, Hamid/B-1571-2012
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey through the Global
Change Research and Development Program. Adam Stonewall and Mark Mastin
provided thoughtful reviews that improved this manuscript.
NR 28
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1087-3562
J9 EARTH INTERACT
JI Earth Interact.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 15
AR 14
DI 10.1175/2010EI364.1
PG 26
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 771HU
UT WOS:000291148600001
ER
PT J
AU Milchunas, DG
Vandever, MW
Ball, LO
Hyberg, S
AF Milchunas, Daniel G.
Vandever, Mark W.
Ball, Leonard O.
Hyberg, Skip
TI Allelopathic Cover Crop Prior to Seeding Is More Important Than
Subsequent Grazing/Mowing in Grassland Establishment
SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Conservation Reserve Program revegetation; exotic weed suppression;
opportunistic grazing; priority effects from soil legacy; restoration
succession; sorghum allelopathy
ID DISTINGUISHING RESOURCE COMPETITION; WEED MANAGEMENT; SHORTGRASS STEPPE;
VEGETATION RESPONSE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; LARGE HERBIVORES; ELEVATED CO2;
LONG-TERM; PLANTS; PRECIPITATION
AB The effects of grazing, mowing, and type of cover crop were evaluated in a previous winter wheat fallow cropland seeded to grassland under the Conservation Reserve Program in eastern Colorado. Prior to seeding, the fallow strips were planted to forage sorghum or wheat in alternating strips (cover crops), with no grazing, moderate to heavy grazing, and mowing (grazing treatments) superimposed 4 yr after planting and studied for 3 yr. Plots previously in wheat had more annual and exotic species than sorghum plots. Concomitantly, there were much greater abundances of perennial native grass and all native species in sorghum than wheat cropped areas. The competitive advantage gained by seeded species in sorghum plots resulted in large increases in rhizomatous western wheatgrass. Sorghum is known to be allelopathic and is used in crop agriculture rotations to suppress weeds and increase crop yields, consistent with the responses of weed and desired native species in this study. Grazing treatment had relatively minor effects on basal and canopy cover composition of annual or exotic species versus perennial native grass or native species. Although grazing treatment never was a significant main effect, it occasionally modified cover crop or year effects. Opportunistic grazing reduced exotic cheatgrass by year 3 but also decreased the native palatable western wheatgrass. Mowing was a less effective weed control practice than grazing. Vegetative basal cover and aboveground primary production varied primarily with year. Common management practices for revegetation/restoration currently use herbicides and mowing as weed control practices and restrict grazing in all stages of development. Results suggest that allelopathic cover crop selection and opportunistic grazing can be effective alternative grass establishment and weed control practices. Susceptibility, resistance, and interactions of weed and seeded species to allelopathic cover species/cultivars may be a fruitful area of research.
C1 [Milchunas, Daniel G.] Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Vandever, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Ball, Leonard O.] Ball Ranch, Briggsdale, CO 80611 USA.
[Hyberg, Skip] Farm Serv Agcy, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP Milchunas, DG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM Daniel.Milchunas@Colostate.edu
FU US Department of Agriculture-Farm Service Agency; National Science
Foundation [DEB-0217631, 0823405]; USDA-ARS Central Plains Experimental
Range; US Geological Survey
FX Research was funded by the US Department of Agriculture-Farm Service
Agency, the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research Program
(National Science Foundation DEB-0217631 and 0823405 and USDA-ARS
Central Plains Experimental Range), and the US Geological Survey.
NR 47
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 7
U2 34
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 1550-7424
J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG
JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 64
IS 3
BP 291
EP 300
DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00117.1
PG 10
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 770XM
UT WOS:000291121800008
ER
PT J
AU Garcia, CA
Andraski, BJ
Stonestrom, DA
Cooper, CA
Simunek, J
Wheatcraft, SW
AF Garcia, C. A.
Andraski, B. J.
Stonestrom, D. A.
Cooper, C. A.
Simunek, J.
Wheatcraft, S. W.
TI Interacting Vegetative and Thermal Contributions to Water Movement in
Desert Soil
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP UNSATURATED ZONE; TRITIUM CONTAMINATION; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; ARID
ENVIRONMENT; VADOSE ZONES; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; REGIONS; SIMULATIONS;
COVERS
AB Thermally driven water-vapor flow can be an important component of total water movement in bare soil and in deep unsaturated zones, but this process is often neglected when considering the effects of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions on shallow water movement. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the coupled and separate effects of vegetative and thermal-gradient contributions to soil water movement in desert environments. The evaluation was done by comparing a series of simulations with and without vegetation and thermal forcing during a 4.7-yr period (May 2001-December 2005). For vegetated soil, evapotranspiration alone reduced root-zone (upper 1 m) moisture to a minimum value (25 mm) each year under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. Variations in the leaf area index altered the minimum storage values by up to 10 mm. For unvegetated isothermal and nonisothermal simulations, root-zone water storage nearly doubled during the simulation period and created a persistent driving force for downward liquid fluxes below the root zone (total net flux ? 1 mm). Total soil water movement during the study period was dominated by thermally driven vapor fluxes. Thermally driven vapor flow and condensation supplemented moisture supplies to plant roots during the driest times of each year. The results show how nonisothermal flow is coupled with plant water uptake, potentially influencing ecohydrologic relations in desert environments.
C1 [Garcia, C. A.; Andraski, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA.
[Stonestrom, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Cooper, C. A.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Simunek, J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
[Wheatcraft, S. W.] Wheatcraft & Associates LLC, Reno, NV 89509 USA.
RP Garcia, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA.
EM cgarcia@usgs.gov
RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011
OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385;
FU U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology, National Research,
and Groundwater Resources
FX We gratefully acknowledge Michael J. Fayer, Edwin P. Weeks, and
anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Support for
this work was provided through the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic
Substances Hydrology, National Research, and Groundwater Resources
programs.
NR 38
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 19
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 2
BP 552
EP 564
DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0023
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 774ON
UT WOS:000291396000009
ER
PT J
AU Stoeckel, DM
Stelzer, EA
Stogner, RW
Mau, DP
AF Stoeckel, Donald M.
Stelzer, Erin A.
Stogner, Robert W.
Mau, David P.
TI Semi-quantitative evaluation of fecal contamination potential by human
and ruminant sources using multiple lines of evidence
SO WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Microbial source tracking; Bacteroidales; Wastewater organic chemicals;
Nutrients; Escherichia coli; Quantitative PCR
ID REAL-TIME PCR; GENETIC-MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI;
SOURCE-TRACKING; INDICATOR BACTERIA; LAKE-MICHIGAN; POLLUTION; WATER;
IDENTIFICATION
AB Protocols for microbial source tracking of fecal contamination generally are able to identify when a source of contamination is present, but thus far have been unable to evaluate what portion of fecal-indicator bacteria (FIB) came from various sources. A mathematical approach to estimate relative amounts of FIB, such as Escherichia coli, from various sources based on the concentration and distribution of microbial source tracking markers in feces was developed. The approach was tested using dilute fecal suspensions, then applied as part of an analytical suite to a contaminated headwater stream in the Rocky Mountains (Upper Fountain Creek, Colorado). In one single-source fecal suspension, a source that was not present could not be excluded because of incomplete marker specificity; however, human and ruminant sources were detected whenever they were present. In the mixed-feces suspension (pet and human), the minority contributor (human) was detected at a concentration low enough to preclude human contamination as the dominant source of E. coli to the sample. Without the semi-quantitative approach described, simple detects of human-associated marker in stream samples would have provided inaccurate evidence that human contamination was a major source of E. coli to the stream. In samples from Upper Fountain Creek the pattern of E. coli, general and host-associated microbial source tracking markers, nutrients, and wastewater-associated chemical detections augmented with local observations and land-use patterns indicated that, contrary to expectations, birds rather than humans or ruminants were the predominant source of fecal contamination to Upper Fountain Creek. This new approach to E. coli allocation, validated by a controlled study and tested by application in a relatively simple setting, represents a widely applicable step forward in the field of microbial source tracking of fecal contamination. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stoeckel, Donald M.; Stelzer, Erin A.] USGS Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA.
[Stogner, Robert W.; Mau, David P.] USGS Colorado Water Sci Ctr, SE Colorado Off, Pueblo, CO 81003 USA.
RP Stoeckel, DM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
EM don@dsh2o.com; eastelzer@usgs.gov; rstogner@usgs.gov; dpmau@usgs.gov
OI Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X; Stelzer, Erin/0000-0001-7645-7603
FU Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment; Pikes Peak
Area Council of Governments; Colorado Springs Utilities; Colorado
Springs Engineering; USGS Cooperative Water Program
FX This work was supported, in part, by the Colorado Department of Public
Health and the Environment, Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments,
Colorado Springs Utilities, Colorado Springs Engineering, and the USGS
Cooperative Water Program. Interpretations would not have been possible
without valuable information from the aforementioned collaborators, the
cities of Manitou Springs, Green Mountain Falls, and Woodland Park, and
El Paso County. Special thanks to Dr. Mark Wilson and Colorado College
for help and support during the sanitary survey. Study design, sample
collection, and final data interpretation were done solely by the
authors. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 43
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0043-1354
J9 WATER RES
JI Water Res.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 10
BP 3225
EP 3244
DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.037
PG 20
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 770LF
UT WOS:000291087300020
PM 21513966
ER
PT J
AU Vikre, P
Browne, QJ
Fleck, R
Hofstra, A
Wooden, J
AF Vikre, Peter
Browne, Quentin J.
Fleck, Robert
Hofstra, Albert
Wooden, Joseph
TI Ages and Sources of Components of Zn-Pb, Cu, Precious Metal, and
Platinum Group Element Deposits in the Goodsprings District, Clark
County, Nevada
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN SPRING MOUNTAINS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SULFUR-ISOTOPE; ZIRCON
GEOCHRONOLOGY; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; FLUID SOURCES; LEAD-ISOTOPE;
ORE-DEPOSITS; GREAT-BASIN; CALIFORNIA
AB The Goodsprings district, Clark County, Nevada, includes zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits of probable late Paleozoic age, and lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits, copper +/- precious metal-platinum group element (PGE) deposits, and gold +/- silver deposits that are spatially associated with Late Triassic porphyritic intrusions. The district encompasses similar to 500 km(2) although the distribution of all deposits has been laterally condensed by late Mesozoic crustal contraction. Zinc, Pb, and Cu production from about 90 deposits was similar to 160,000 metric tons (t) (Zn > Pb >> Cu), 2.1 million ounces (Moz) Ag, 0.09 Moz Au, and small amounts of PGEs-Co, V, Hg, Sb, Ni, Mo, Mn, Ir, and U-were also recovered.
Zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits (Zn > Pb; Ag +/- Cu) resemble Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) Zn-Pb deposits in that they occur in karst and fault breccias in Mississippian limestone where the southern margin of the regional late Paleozoic foreland basin adjoins Proterozoic crystalline rocks of the craton. They consist of calcite, dolomite, sphalerite, and galena with variably positive S isotope compositions (delta(34)S values range from 2.5-13 parts per thousand), and highly radiogenic Pb isotope compositions ((206)Pb/(204)Pb >19), typical of MVT deposits above crystalline Precambrian basement. These deposits may have formed when southward flow of saline fluids, derived from basinal and older sedimental), rocks, encountered thinner strata and pinch-outs against the craton, forcing fluid mixing and mineral precipitation in karst and fault breccias. Lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits (Pb > Zn, Ag +/- Cu +/- Au) occur among other deposit types, often near porphyritic intrusions. They generally contain higher concentrations of precious metals than zinc-dominant deposits and relatively abundant iron oxides after pyrite. They share characteristics with copper +/- precious metal-PGE and gold +/- silver deposits including fine-grained quartz replacement of carbonate minerals in ore breccias and relatively low S and Pb isotope values (delta(34)S values vary from 0-similar to 4 parts per thousand; (206)Pb/(204)Pb <18.5). Copper +/- precious metal-PGE deposits (Cu, Co, Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) consist of Cu carbonate minerals (after chalcocite and chalcopyrite) and fine-grained quartz that have replaced breccia clasts and margins of fissures in Paleozoic limestones and dolomites near porphyritic intrusions. Gold +/- silver deposits occur along contacts and within small-volume stocks and dikes of feldspar porphyry, one textural variety of porphyritic intrusions. Lead isotope compositions of copper +/- precious metal-PGE, gold +/- silver, and lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits are similar to those of Mojave crust plutons, indicating derivation of Pb from 1.7 Ga crystalline basement or from Late Proterozoic siliciclastic sedimentary rocks derived from 1.7 Ga crystalline basement.
Four texturally and modally distinctive porphyritic intrusions are exposed largely in the central part of the district: feldspar quartz porphyry, plagioclase quartz porphyry, feldspar biotite quartz porphyry, and feldspar porphyry. Intrusions consist of 64 to 70 percent SiO(2) and variable K(2)O/Na(2)O (0.14-5.33) that reflect proportions of K-feldspar and albite phenocrysts and megacrysts as well as partial alteration to K-mica; quartz and biotite phenocrysts are present in several subtypes. Albite may have formed during emplacement of magma in brine-saturated basinal strata, whereas hydrothermal alteration of matrix, phenocrystic, and megacrystic feldspar and biotite to K-mica, pyrite, and other hydrothermal minerals occurred during and after intrusion emplacement. Small volumes of garnet-diopside-quartz and retrograde epidote-mica-amphibole skarn have replaced carbonate rocks adjacent to one intrusion subtype (feldspar-quartz porphyry), but alteration of carbonate rocks at intrusion contacts elsewhere is inconspicuous.
Uranium-lead ages of igneous zircons vary inconsistently from similar to 180 to 230 Ma and are too imprecise to distinguish age differences among intrusion subtypes; most ages are 210 to 225 Ma, yielding a mean of 217 +/- 1 Ma. K-Ar and (40)Ar/(39)Ar ages of magmatic (plagioclase, biotite) and hydrothermal (K-mica) minerals span a similar range (183-227 Ma), demonstrating broadly contemporaneous intrusion emplacement and hydrothermal alteration but allowing for multiple Late Triassic magmatic-hydrothermal events. Imprecision and range of isotopic ages may have resulted from burial beneath Mesozoic and Tertiary strata and multiple intrusion of magmas, causing thermal disturbance to Ar systems and Pb loss from zircons in intrusions.
Separate late Paleozoic (zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits) and Late Triassic (all other deposits) mineralizing events are supported by form, distribution, and host rocks of metal deposits, by hydrothermal mineral assemblages, isotope compositions, metal abundances, and metal diversity, and by small intrusion volumes. These characteristics collectively distinguish the Goodsprings district from larger intrusion related carbonate replacement districts in the western United States. They can be used to evaluate proximity to unexposed porphyritic intrusions associated with PGE and gold +/- silver mineralization.
C1 [Vikre, Peter] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Browne, Quentin J.] Kodiak Explorat Ltd, Vancouver, BC V6C 1G8, Canada.
[Fleck, Robert] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Hofstra, Albert] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Wooden, Joseph] Stanford Univ, US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Vikre, P (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Mail Stop 176, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
EM pvikre@usgs.gov
NR 91
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 17
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 106
IS 3
BP 381
EP 412
PG 32
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 768ZP
UT WOS:000290979100004
ER
PT J
AU Mair, JL
Farmer, GL
Groves, DI
Hart, CJR
Goldfarb, RJ
AF Mair, John L.
Farmer, G. Lang
Groves, David I.
Hart, Craig J. R.
Goldfarb, Richard J.
TI Petrogenesis of Postcollisional Magmatism at Scheelite Dome, Yukon,
Canada: Evidence for a Lithospheric Mantle Source for Magmas Associated
with Intrusion-Related Gold Systems
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RIO-GRANDE RIFT; CONTINENTAL RIFT; ALKALINE MAGMAS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS;
GRANITIC-ROCKS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; ND; DEPOSITS; BEARING
AB The type examples for the class of deposits termed intrusion-related gold systems occur in the Tombstone-Tungsten belt of Alaska and Yukon, on the eastern side of the Tintina gold province. In this part of the northern Cordillera, extensive mid-Cretaceous postcollisional plutonism took place following the accretion of exotic terranes to the continental margin. The most cratonward of the resulting plutonic belts comprises small isolated intrusive centers, with compositionally diverse, dominantly potassic rocks, as exemplified at Scheelite Dome, located in central Yukon. Similar to other spatially and temporally related intrusive centers, the Scheelite Dome intrusions are genetically associated with intrusion-related gold deposits.
Intrusions have exceptional variability, ranging from volumetrically dominant clinopyroxene-bearing monzogranites, to calc-alkaline minettes and spessartites, with an intervening range of intermediate to felsic stocks and dikes, including leucominettes, quartz monzonites, quartz monzodiorites, and granodiorites. All rock types are potassic, are strongly enriched in LILEs and LREEs, and feature high LILE/HFSE ratios. Clinopyroxene is common to all rock types and ranges from salite in felsic rocks to high Mg augite and Cr-rich diopside in lamprophyres. Less common, calcic amphibole ranges from actinolitic hornblende to pargasite. The rocks have strongly radiogenic Sr (initial (87)Sr/(86)Sr from 0.711-0.714) and Pb isotope ratios ((206)Pb/(204)Pb from 19.2-19.7), and negative initial epsilon(Nd) values (-8.06 to -11.26).
Whole-rock major and trace element, radiogenic isotope, and mineralogical data suggest that the felsic to intermediate rocks were derived from mafic potassic magmas sourced from the lithospheric mantle via fractional crystallization and minor assimilation of metasedimentary crust. Mainly unmodified minettes and spessartites represent the most primitive and final phases emplaced. Metasomatic enrichments in the underlying lithospheric mantle are attributes of the ancient North American cratonic margin that appear to be essential prerequisites to this style of postcollisional magmatism and associated gold-rich fluid exsolution. This type of magmatic hydrothermal activity occurs in a very specific tectonic setting that typically sets intrusion-related gold deposits apart from erogenic gold deposits, which are synorogenic in timing and have no consistent direct relationship to such diverse and contemporaneous lithospheric mantle-derived magmas, although they too are commonly sited adjacent to lithospheric boundaries.
C1 [Mair, John L.; Groves, David I.; Hart, Craig J. R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
[Farmer, G. Lang] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Farmer, G. Lang] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hart, Craig J. R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Mineral Deposit Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Goldfarb, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Mair, JL (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
EM john.mair75@gmail.com
FU Yukon Geological Survey; U.S Geological Survey
FX Greg Pooley at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis at the
University of Western Australia is acknowledged for assistance with
mineral analyses. Emily Verplanck at the University of Colorado,
Boulder, is thanked for assistance with radiogenic isotope analyses.
This study was supported logistically and financially by the Yukon
Geological Survey and the Minerals Program of the U.S Geological Survey.
NR 91
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 10
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 106
IS 3
BP 451
EP 480
PG 30
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 768ZP
UT WOS:000290979100007
ER
PT J
AU Rusk, B
Koenig, A
Lowers, H
AF Rusk, Brian
Koenig, Alan
Lowers, Heather
TI Visualizing trace element distribution in quartz using
cathodoluminescence, electron microprobe, and laser ablation-inductively
coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Quartz; trace elements; cathodoluminescence; LA-ICP-MS; electron
microprobe
ID HYDROTHERMAL VEIN QUARTZ; PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSIT; ICP-MS; TEXTURES;
INSIGHTS; MONTANA; TITANIQ; SYSTEM; BUTTE; CL
AB Cathodoluminescent (CL) textures in quartz reveal successive histories of the physical and chemical fluctuations that accompany crystal growth. Such CL textures reflect trace element concentration variations that can be mapped by electron microprobe or laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Trace element maps in hydrothermal quartz from four different ore deposit types (Carlin-type Au, epithermal Ag, porphyry-Cu, and MVT Pb-Zn) reveal correlations among trace elements and between trace element concentrations and CL textures. The distributions of trace elements reflect variations in the physical and chemical conditions of quartz precipitation. These maps show that Al is the most abundant trace element in hydrothermal quartz. In crystals grown at temperatures below 300 degrees C, Al concentrations may vary by up to two orders of magnitude between adjacent growth zones, with no evidence for diffusion. The monovalent cations Li, Na, and K, where detectable, always correlate with Al, with Li being the most abundant of the three. In most samples, Al is more abundant than the combined total of the monovalent cations; however, in the MVT sample, molar Al/Li ratios are -0.8. Antimony is present in concentrations up to similar to 120 ppm in epithermal quartz (similar to 200-300 degrees C), but is not detectable in MVT, Carlin, or porphyry-Cu quartz. Concentrations of Sb do not correlate consistently with those of other trace elements or with CL textures. Titanium is only abundant enough to be mapped in quartz from porphyry-type ore deposits that precipitate at temperatures above similar to 400 degrees C. In such quartz, Ti concentration correlates positively with CL intensity, suggesting a causative relationship. In contrast, in quartz from other deposit types, there is no consistent correlation between concentrations of any trace element and CL intensity fluctuations.
C1 [Rusk, Brian] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Koenig, Alan; Lowers, Heather] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Rusk, B (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
EM brian.rusk@jcu.edu.au
FU USGS
FX This work was funded in part by the USGS Mendenhall postdoctoral
fellowship. We thank Al Hofstra, William Leeman, Mark Simpson, Katja
Lehmann, Axel Muller, and Ian Swainson for discussions and comments that
vastly improved the quality of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or
firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 24
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 4
U2 42
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 0003-004X
J9 AM MINERAL
JI Am. Miner.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2011
VL 96
IS 5-6
BP 703
EP 708
DI 10.2138/am.2011.3701
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 764CF
UT WOS:000290605300002
ER
PT J
AU Clark, SG
Rutherford, MB
Auer, MR
Cherney, DN
Wallace, RL
Mattson, DJ
Clark, DA
Foote, L
Krogman, N
Wilshusen, P
Steelman, T
AF Clark, Susan G.
Rutherford, Murray B.
Auer, Matthew R.
Cherney, David N.
Wallace, Richard L.
Mattson, David J.
Clark, Douglas A.
Foote, Lee
Krogman, Naomi
Wilshusen, Peter
Steelman, Toddi
TI College and University Environmental Programs as a Policy Problem (Part
1): Integrating Knowledge, Education, and Action for a Better World?
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Environmental studies; Environmental sciences; Environmental education;
Interdisciplinary education; Human dignity; Sustainability;
Problem-solving skills; Leadership
ID POLITICAL-SCIENCE; SOCIAL-SCIENCES; INTERDISCIPLINARITY; MANAGEMENT;
ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS
AB The environmental sciences/studies movement, with more than 1000 programs at colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, is unified by a common interest-ameliorating environmental problems through empirical enquiry and analytic judgment. Unfortunately, environmental programs have struggled in their efforts to integrate knowledge across disciplines and educate students to become sound problem solvers and leaders. We examine the environmental program movement as a policy problem, looking at overall goals, mapping trends in relation to those goals, identifying the underlying factors contributing to trends, and projecting the future. We argue that despite its shared common interest, the environmental program movement is disparate and fragmented by goal ambiguity, positivistic disciplinary approaches, and poorly rationalized curricula, pedagogies, and educational philosophies. We discuss these challenges and the nature of the changes that are needed in order to overcome them. In a subsequent article (Part 2) we propose specific strategies for improvement.
C1 [Clark, Susan G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies & Inst Social & P, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
[Rutherford, Murray B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Auer, Matthew R.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN USA.
[Cherney, David N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wallace, Richard L.] Ursinus Coll, Environm Studies Program, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA.
[Mattson, David J.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Clark, Douglas A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
[Foote, Lee] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Calgary, AB, Canada.
[Krogman, Naomi] Univ Alberta, Dept Rural Econ, Calgary, AB, Canada.
[Wilshusen, Peter] Bucknell Univ, Environm Studies Program, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA.
[Steelman, Toddi] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Clark, SG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies & Inst Social & P, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
EM susan.g.clark@yale.edu
NR 103
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 28
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 5
BP 701
EP 715
DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9619-2
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 759VS
UT WOS:000290277200001
PM 21359525
ER
PT J
AU Clark, SG
Rutherford, MB
Auer, MR
Cherney, DN
Wallace, RL
Mattson, DJ
Clark, DA
Foote, L
Krogman, N
Wilshusen, P
Steelman, T
AF Clark, Susan G.
Rutherford, Murray B.
Auer, Matthew R.
Cherney, David N.
Wallace, Richard L.
Mattson, David J.
Clark, Douglas A.
Foote, Lee
Krogman, Naomi
Wilshusen, Peter
Steelman, Toddi
TI College and University Environmental Programs as a Policy Problem (Part
2): Strategies for Improvement
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Environmental studies; Environmental sciences; Environmental education;
Interdisciplinary education; Human dignity; Sustainability;
Problem-solving skills; Leadership
ID HUMAN DIGNITY; SCIENCES; INTERDISCIPLINARITY; CONSERVATION; REFLECTIONS;
INFORMATION; EDUCATION
AB Environmental studies and environmental sciences programs in American and Canadian colleges and universities seek to ameliorate environmental problems through empirical enquiry and analytic judgment. In a companion article (Part 1) we describe the environmental program movement (EPM) and discuss factors that have hindered its performance. Here, we complete our analysis by proposing strategies for improvement. We recommend that environmental programs re-organize around three principles. First, adopt as an overriding goal the concept of human dignity-defined as freedom and social justice in healthy, sustainable environments. This clear higher-order goal captures the human and environmental aspirations of the EPM and would provide a more coherent direction for the efforts of diverse participants. Second, employ an explicit, genuinely interdisciplinary analytical framework that facilitates the use of multiple methods to investigate and address environmental and social problems in context. Third, develop educational programs and applied experiences that provide students with the technical knowledge, powers of observation, critical thinking skills and management acumen required for them to become effective professionals and leaders. Organizing around these three principles would build unity in the EPM while at the same time capitalizing on the strengths of the many disciplines and diverse local conditions involved.
C1 [Clark, Susan G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies & Inst Social & P, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Rutherford, Murray B.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Auer, Matthew R.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN USA.
[Cherney, David N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Sci & Technol Policy Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wallace, Richard L.] Ursinus Coll, Environm Studies Program, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA.
[Mattson, David J.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Clark, Douglas A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
[Foote, Lee] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Krogman, Naomi] Univ Alberta, Dept Rural Econ, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Wilshusen, Peter] Bucknell Univ, Environm Studies Program, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA.
[Steelman, Toddi] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Clark, SG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies & Inst Social & P, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM susan.g.clark@yale.edu
NR 76
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 5
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 5
BP 716
EP 726
DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9635-2
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 759VS
UT WOS:000290277200002
PM 21359524
ER
PT J
AU Jarnevich, CS
Laubhan, MK
AF Jarnevich, Catherine S.
Laubhan, Murray K.
TI Balancing Energy Development and Conservation: A Method Utilizing
Species Distribution Models
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Energy development; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus;
Maxent; Habitat suitability
ID LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS; WIND ENERGY; HABITAT;
POPULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MADAGASCAR; PREDICTION; PRIORITIES
AB Alternative energy development is increasing, potentially leading to negative impacts on wildlife populations already stressed by other factors. Resource managers require a scientifically based methodology to balance energy development and species conservation, so we investigated modeling habitat suitability using Maximum Entropy to develop maps that could be used with other information to help site energy developments. We selected one species of concern, the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (LPCH; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) found on the southern Great Plains of North America, as our case study. LPCH populations have been declining and are potentially further impacted by energy development. We used LPCH lek locations in the state of Kansas along with several environmental and anthropogenic parameters to develop models that predict the probability of lek occurrence across the landscape. The models all performed well as indicated by the high test area under the curve (AUC) scores (all > 0.9). The inclusion of anthropogenic parameters in models resulted in slightly better performance based on AUC values, indicating that anthropogenic features may impact LPCH lek habitat suitability. Given the positive model results, this methodology may provide additional guidance in designing future survey protocols, as well as siting of energy development in areas of marginal or unsuitable habitat for species of concern. This technique could help to standardize and quantify the impacts various developments have upon at-risk species.
C1 [Jarnevich, Catherine S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
[Laubhan, Murray K.] Environm Serv, Kansas Dept Wildlife & Parks, Pratt, KS 67124 USA.
RP Jarnevich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
EM jarnevichc@usgs.gov; murray.laubhan@ksoutdoors.com
NR 42
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 5
BP 926
EP 936
DI 10.1007/s00267-011-9651-2
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 759VS
UT WOS:000290277200020
PM 21400221
ER
PT J
AU Gallant, AL
Sadinski, W
Roth, MF
Rewa, CA
AF Gallant, Alisa L.
Sadinski, Walt
Roth, Mark F.
Rewa, Charles A.
TI Changes in historical Iowa land cover as context for assessing the
environmental benefits of current and future conservation efforts on
agricultural lands
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; AMPHIBIAN
DECLINES; RESTORED WETLANDS; WILDLIFE HABITAT; POPULATION; USA; TRENDS
C1 [Gallant, Alisa L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
[Sadinski, Walt; Roth, Mark F.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA.
[Rewa, Charles A.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Gallant, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
OI Roth, Mark/0000-0001-5095-1865
FU US Geological Survey; USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service [IAG
67-3A75-8-12, IAG 67-3A75-9-88]; US Geological Survey's Amphibian
Research and Monitoring Initiative
FX This research was supported through interagency agreements between the
US Geological Survey and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
in support of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (IAG
67-3A75-8-12 and IAG 67-3A75-9-88) and by funds from the US Geological
Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative The authors
appreciate critical input for this research from Monica Monk, Jennifer
Anderson-Cruz, Mark Lindflott, Martin Adkins, and others at: the Iowa
State Office of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Des
Moines, Iowa. Dave Otis from the US Geological Survey Iowa Cooperative
Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Ames, Iowa; Denis White from US
Environmental Protection Agency Western Ecology Division, Corvallis,
Oregon; and Roger Auch from the US Geological Survey Earth Resources
Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, provided
valuable reviews on an earlier version of this paper.
NR 73
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 12
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2011
VL 66
IS 3
BP 67A
EP 77A
DI 10.2489/jswc.66.3.67A
PG 11
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 764CS
UT WOS:000290606600002
ER
PT J
AU Ellwein, AL
Mahan, SA
McFadden, LD
AF Ellwein, Amy L.
Mahan, Shannon A.
McFadden, Leslie D.
TI New optically stimulated luminescence ages provide evidence of MIS3 and
MIS2 eolian activity on Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona, USA
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Soil stratigraphy; Eolian geomorphology; Falling dunes; Linear dunes;
Sand ramps; Black Mesa; OSL geochronology
ID SOUTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOJAVE DESERT; SAND RAMPS;
PALEOCLIMATE; HISTORY; SYSTEM; DUNES
AB Eolian deposition on the semiarid southern Colorado Plateau has been attributed to episodic aridity during the Quaternary Period. However, OSL ages from three topographically controlled (e.g. falling) dunes on Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona indicate that eolian sediments there were deposited in deep tributary valleys as early as 35-30 ka, with most sand deposited before 20 ka. In contrast, the oldest OSL ages for sand sheets fall within the Pleistocene-Holocene climatic transition (similar to 12-8 ka). Thus most eolian sediment accumulated on Black Mesa under climatic conditions that were in general cooler, moister, and more variable than today, not more arid, pointing to a considerable increase in sediment supply. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ellwein, Amy L.] Western State Coll Colorado, Dept Nat & Environm Sci, Gunnison, CO 81231 USA.
[Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[McFadden, Leslie D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RP Ellwein, AL (reprint author), Western State Coll Colorado, Dept Nat & Environm Sci, 224 Hurst Hall, Gunnison, CO 81231 USA.
EM aellwein@western.edu
OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774
NR 31
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 395
EP 398
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.002
PG 4
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 767BY
UT WOS:000290831500001
ER
PT J
AU Woodhouse, CA
Pederson, GT
Gray, ST
AF Woodhouse, Connie A.
Pederson, Gregory T.
Gray, Stephen T.
TI An 1800-yr record of decadal-scale hydroclimatic variability in the
upper Arkansas River basin from bristlecone pine
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Paleoclimatology; Dendrochronology; Drought; Bristlecone pine; Central
Colorado
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RING BASED RECONSTRUCTIONS; COLORADO PLATEAUS;
TREE-RINGS; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT; CLIMATE; FREQUENCY; AD;
PALEOENVIRONMENT
AB Bristlecone pine trees are exceptionally long-lived, and with the incorporation of remnant material have been used to construct multi-millennial length ring-width chronologies. These chronologies can provide valuable information about past temperature and moisture variability. In this study, we outline a method to build a moisture-sensitive bristlecone chronology and assess the robustness and consistency of this sensitivity over the past 1200 yr using new reconstructions of Arkansas River flow (AD 1275-2002 and 1577-2002) and the summer Palmer Drought Sensitivity Index. The chronology, a composite built from parts of three collections in the central Rocky Mountains, is a proxy for decadal-scale moisture variability for the past 18 centuries. Since the sample size is small in some portions of the time series, the chronology should be considered preliminary; the timing and duration of drought events are likely the most robust characteristics. This chronology suggests that the region experienced increased aridity during the medieval period, as did much of western North America, but that the timing and duration of drought episodes within this period were somewhat different from those in other western locations, such as the upper Colorado River basin. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Pederson, Gregory T.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Gray, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Gray, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Woodhouse, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, 1103 E 2nd St,Room 409, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM conniew1@email.arizona.edu
FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative; Earth Surface Dynamics programs; NOAA
[NA07OAR4310424]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding support from the USGS Western
Mountain Initiative and the Earth Surface Dynamics programs and the NOAA
Climate Change Data and Detection program (grant # NA07OAR4310424). We
are especially grateful to Jeff Lukas for dating and measuring the
samples for BLK and SHM in this study, and to Mark Losleben, Cody
Routson, Kurt Chowanski, as well as Jeff for field assistance. Finally,
we would like to acknowledge the late Craig Brunstein who was the first
person to sample bristlecone pine stands at Black Mountain and realize
their great age, and for his collections at Princeton Peak. Reviews by
Jeremy Littell and Erich Peitzsch greatly assisted us in improving the
manuscript, as did the reviews of two anonymous reviewers and the
editor. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 44
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PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 483
EP 490
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.007
PG 8
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 767BY
UT WOS:000290831500011
ER
PT J
AU Rayburn, JA
Cronin, TM
Franzi, DA
Knuepfer, PLK
Willard, DA
AF Rayburn, John A.
Cronin, Thomas M.
Franzi, David A.
Knuepfer, Peter L. K.
Willard, Debra A.
TI Timing and duration of North American glacial lake discharges and the
Younger Dryas climate reversal
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Glacial lake; Champlain sea; Discharge; Younger dryas; Foraminifers
ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; ST-LAWRENCE LOWLANDS; CHAMPLAIN VALLEY; LAST
DEGLACIATION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BP EVENT; NEW-YORK; ATLANTIC; AGASSIZ; SEA
AB Radiocarbon-dated sediment cores from the Champlain Valley (northeastern USA) contain stratigraphic and micropaleontologic evidence for multiple, high-magnitude, freshwater discharges from North American proglacial lakes to the North Atlantic. Of particular interest are two large, closely spaced outflows that entered the North Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence estuary about 13,200-12,900 cal yr BP, near the beginning of the Younger Dryas cold event. We estimate from varve chronology, sedimentation rates and proglacial lake volumes that the duration of the first outflow was less than 1 yr and its discharge was approximately 0.1 Sv (1 Sverdrup = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). The second outflow lasted about a century with a sustained discharge sufficient to keep the Champlain Sea relatively fresh for its duration. According to climate models, both outflows may have had sufficient discharge, duration and timing to affect meridional ocean circulation and climate. In this report we compare the proglacial lake discharge record in the Champlain and St. Lawrence valleys to paleoclimate records from Greenland Ice cores and Cariaco Basin and discuss the two-step nature of the inception of the Younger Dryas. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rayburn, John A.] SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Geol Sci, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA.
[Cronin, Thomas M.; Willard, Debra A.] 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Franzi, David A.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Ctr Earth & Environm Sci, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA.
[Knuepfer, Peter L. K.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.
RP Rayburn, JA (reprint author), SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Geol Sci, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA.
EM rayburnj@newpaltz.edu
OI Rayburn, John/0000-0002-1721-5345
FU USGS
FX This paper benefited from reviews by H. Dowsett, W. Newell, J. Teller,
A. Breckenridge, and two other anonymous reviewers. Partial funding for
this project came from a USGS Mendenhall Fellowship to J. Rayburn.
Radiocarbon dating of the transitional and Champlain Sea material was
done at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Facility (NOSAMS) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We would like
to thank E. Cobbs for coring, M. Berke and K. Hayo for field and lab
assistance. Data from Carlson et al. (2007) was provided by A. Carlson.
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PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 541
EP 551
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.004
PG 11
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 767BY
UT WOS:000290831500017
ER
PT J
AU Holmgren, CA
Betancourt, JL
Rylander, KA
AF Holmgren, Camille A.
Betancourt, Julio L.
Rylander, Kate A.
TI Vegetation history along the eastern, desert escarpment of the Sierra
San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Packrat midden; Pleistocene; Holocene; Sonoran Desert; Monsoon; Sierra
San Pedro Martir
ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARBARA
BASIN; UNITED-STATES; CIRCULATION; SOUTHWEST; RECORD; FUTURE; SCALE
AB Plant macrofossils from 38 packrat middens spanning the last similar to 33,000 cal yr BP record vegetation between similar to 650 and 900 m elevation along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, northern Baja California. The middens span most of the Holocene, with a gap between similar to 4600 and 1800 cal yr BP, but coverage in the Pleistocene is uneven with a larger hiatus between 23,100 and 14,400 cal yr BP. The midden flora is relatively stable from the Pleistocene to Holocene. Exceptions include Pinus californiarum, Juniperus californica and other chaparral elements that were most abundant >23,100 cal yr BP and declined after 14,400 cal yr BP. Despite being near the chaparral/woodland-desertscrub ecotone during glacial times, the midden assemblages reflect none of the climatic reversals evident in the glacial or marine record, and this is corroborated by a nearby semi-continuous pollen stratigraphy from lake sediments. Regular appearance of C-4 grasses and summer-flowering annuals since 13,600 cal yr BP indicates occurrence of summer rainfall equivalent to modern (JAS average of similar to 80-90 mm). This casts doubt on the claim, based on temperature proxies from marine sediments in the Guaymas Basin, that monsoonal development in the northern Gulf and Arizona was delayed until after 6200 cal yr BP. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Holmgren, Camille A.] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA.
[Betancourt, Julio L.; Rylander, Kate A.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Water Discipline, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Holmgren, CA (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA.
EM holmgrca@buffalostate.edu
FU USGS Branch of Regional Research, Western Region
FX We thank Tim Fischer, Ray Fontaine, Robert J. Gillis, Jolani S.
McClellan, Donald R. Nelson, and Tamara S. Wilson for assistance in the
field and laboratory; Jose Delgadillo for contributing reference
material from the Herbarium BCMEX at the Universidad Autonoma de Baja
California in Ensenada; Art Douglas for providing climate data; and the
University of Arizona-National Science Foundation (NSF) Accelerator
Facility for AMS dates. We thank Roger Byrne and an anonymous reviewer
for their insightful and constructive comments. Funding for this project
came from the USGS Branch of Regional Research, Western Region.
NR 57
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U1 0
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 647
EP 657
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.008
PG 11
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 767BY
UT WOS:000290831500027
ER
PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
Keir, MJ
Whittle, DM
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
Keir, Michael J.
Whittle, D. Michael
TI Sexual difference in mercury concentrations of lake trout (Salvelinus
namaycush) from Lake Ontario
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioenergetics modeling; Excretion rates; Gross growth efficiency; Lake
trout; Mercury; Sexual differences
ID WALLEYE STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; NET TROPHIC TRANSFER; PCB CONCENTRATIONS;
SIZE DIMORPHISM; FISH; MODEL; ACCUMULATION; WATERS; RATES; PREY
AB We determined total mercury (Hg) concentrations in 50 female lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and 69 male lake trout from Lake Ontario (Ontario, Canada and New York, United States). Results showed that, on average, males were 8% higher in Hg concentration than females in Lake Ontario. We also used bioenergetics modeling to determine whether a sexual difference in gross growth efficiency (GGE) could explain the observed sexual difference in Hg concentrations. According to the bioenergetics modeling results, male GGE was about 3% higher than female GGE, on average. Although the bioenergetics modeling could not explain the higher Hg concentrations exhibited by the males, a sexual difference in GGE remained a plausible explanation for the sexual difference in Hg concentrations of the lake trout. In an earlier study, male lake trout from Lake Ontario were found to be 22% higher in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration than females from Lake Ontario. Thus, although males were higher in both Hg and PCB concentrations, the degree of the sexual difference in concentration varied between the two contaminants. Further research on sexual differences in Hg excretion rates and Hg direct uptake rates may be needed to resolve the disparity in results between the two contaminants. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Keir, Michael J.] Environm Canada, Ontario Water Qual Monitoring & Surveillance, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Whittle, D. Michael] Retired Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
NR 44
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U1 5
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
EI 1879-1298
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 83
IS 7
BP 903
EP 908
DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.053
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 762UU
UT WOS:000290507800003
PM 21429556
ER
PT J
AU Solomon, CT
Carpenter, SR
Clayton, MK
Cole, JJ
Coloso, JJ
Pace, ML
Vander Zanden, MJ
Weidel, BC
AF Solomon, Christopher T.
Carpenter, Stephen R.
Clayton, Murray K.
Cole, Jonathan J.
Coloso, James J.
Pace, Michael L.
Vander Zanden, M. Jake
Weidel, Brian C.
TI Terrestrial, benthic, and pelagic resource use in lakes: results from a
three-isotope Bayesian mixing model
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE allochthonous; autochthonous; cross-habitat linkages; deuterium;
dissolved organic carbon; ecosystem; light extinction; stable isotope;
subsidy
ID AQUATIC FOOD WEBS; CLEAR-WATER LAKE; ALLOCHTHONOUS CARBON;
STABLE-ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-MATTER; C-13 ADDITION; HYDROGEN; DIET;
ZOOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Fluxes of organic matter across habitat boundaries are common in food webs. These fluxes may strongly influence community dynamics, depending on the extent to which they are used by consumers. Yet understanding of basal resource use by consumers is limited, because describing trophic pathways in complex food webs is difficult. We quantified resource use for zooplankton, zoobenthos, and fishes in four low-productivity lakes, using a Bayesian mixing model and measurements of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Multiple sources of uncertainty were explicitly incorporated into the model. As a result, posterior estimates of resource use were often broad distributions; nevertheless, clear patterns were evident. Zooplankton relied on terrestrial and pelagic primary production, while zoobenthos and fishes relied on terrestrial and benthic primary production. Across all consumer groups terrestrial reliance tended to be higher, and benthic reliance lower, in lakes where light penetration was low due to inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon. These results support and refine an emerging consensus that terrestrial and benthic support of lake food webs can be substantial, and they imply that changes in the relative availability of basal resources drive the strength of cross-habitat trophic connections.
C1 [Solomon, Christopher T.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
[Carpenter, Stephen R.; Vander Zanden, M. Jake] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Clayton, Murray K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Clayton, Murray K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Cole, Jonathan J.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.
[Coloso, James J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Pace, Michael L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
[Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
RP Solomon, CT (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
EM chris.solomon@mcgill.ca
RI Solomon, Chris/E-6284-2014;
OI Solomon, Chris/0000-0002-2850-4257; Pace, Michael/0000-0001-5945-6131
FU NSF-DDIG award [DEB-0708666]; NSF [DEB-0414258, DEB-0917696,
DEB-0917719]
FX This work was funded by an NSF-DDIG award (DEB-0708666) to C. T. Solomon
and M. J. Vander Zanden, and by collaborative NSF awards (DEB-0414258,
DEB-0917696, DEB-0917719) to S. R. Carpenter, J. J. Cole, M. L. Pace, J.
Kitchell, and J. Hodgson. Comments from three anonymous reviewers
substantially improved the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the
staff and facilities at the University of Notre Dame Environmental
Research Center, where this work was conducted.
NR 44
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
BP 1115
EP 1125
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 763DK
UT WOS:000290534300012
PM 21661572
ER
PT J
AU Hoang, TC
Pryor, RL
Rand, GM
Frakes, RA
AF Hoang, Tham C.
Pryor, Rachel L.
Rand, Gary M.
Frakes, Robert A.
TI Bioaccumulation and toxicity of copper in outdoor freshwater microcosms
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Copper; Freshwater microcosms; Florida apple snails; Pomacea paludosa
ID SNAIL POMACEA-PALUDOSA; FLORIDA APPLE SNAIL; SOUTH FLORIDA; EVERGLADES
RESTORATION; POND MICROCOSMS; TRACE-METALS; SANDY SOILS; GROWTH;
ACCUMULATION; ZINC
AB This study characterizes the effects of copper (Cu) on Florida apple snails (Pomacea paludosa) and mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) using a replicated outdoor microcosm design. Soils used in this study were collected from two Cu-enriched citrus agricultural sites in South Florida (Agler property (AGLR) in St. Lucie County and Sunrise Boys property (SRB) in Palm Beach County) and a reference site (Equus property) in St. Lucie County. The study included a 5-week aging phase, an 11 month exposure phase, and a 3 month post-treatment (exposure) phase. The aging phase was initiated by flooding agricultural soils with rainwater in 4 m(3) fiberglass microcosm tanks. Introducing juvenile apple snails (<= 7 d old) and mosquito fish (2-3 cm) into the microcosm tanks initiated the exposure phase. Survival, growth, and reproduction of apple snails and fish, and Cu uptake in apple snails, fish, and periphyton were determined in this study. Water chemistry (e.g., dissolved Cu concentration, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved oxygen concentrations, pH, hardness, alkalinity, etc.) was measured daily or weekly during the study. Initial soil Cu concentrations in Equus, SRB, and AGLR microcosms were 7, 55, and 99 mg/kg dw, respectively. Dissolved Cu concentrations in Equus, SRB and AGLR microcosms at the beginning of the study were 3, 82, and 43 mu g/L, respectively and decreased to low saturation levels of about <= 9 mu g/L Cu after the first 3 months of the study. The decrease of dissolved Cu concentrations was likely due to the dilution of rainwater. Snail and fish mortality appeared to be higher in SRB microcosms than in Equus and AGLR microcosms. There was no significant difference in growth of the snails between treatments. Snail growth data followed the von Bertalanffy Model. The maximum shell length, shell height, and shell width of the snails calculated by the von Bertalanffy Model (L(infinity)) were 2.76, 2.05, and 2.18 cm, respectively. The maximum wet weight was 9.38 g. Growth rate (k) of the snails increased in order of shell height (0.459), shell length (0.550), and shell weight (0.598). There was no reproduction in the snails in any treatments including the reference during the exposure phase. However, Cu did not affect reproduction of fish during this period. Copper concentrations in periphyton from Equus, SRB, and AGLR microcosms ranged from 2 to 62, 31 to 371, and 13 to 478 mg/kg, respectively. Copper concentrations in fish at the beginning, days 30 and 150 of the study ranged from 3.19 to 7.53 mg/kg and were not significantly different from the different treatments. Average Cu concentrations in the soft tissue of dead snails from SRB and AGLR microcosms were 4602 mg/kg dw (ranged from 2913 to 8370 mg/kg dw) and 2824 mg/kg dw (ranged from 2118 to 3600 mg/kg dw), respectively. The Cu concentrations in the soft tissue of dead snails found in this study were higher than the tissue Cu concentrations in live aquatic organisms reported in the literature. These high Cu concentrations in edible apple snail soft tissue might pose a risk to Florida apple snail predators, including the snail kite. The post-exposure phase, with snails exposed to only water (i.e., no soils) showed depuration of copper from apple snails and reproduction in all treatments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hoang, Tham C.; Pryor, Rachel L.; Rand, Gary M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, SE Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessment Lab, N Miami, FL 33181 USA.
[Frakes, Robert A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL USA.
RP Rand, GM (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, SE Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessment Lab, 3000 NE 151st St, N Miami, FL 33181 USA.
EM randg@fiu.edu
FU U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service [401816J034]
FX This study was funded by the U.S, Fish and Wildlife Service under
Cooperative Agreement no. 401816J034. This is SERC contribution number
510.
NR 59
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U1 5
U2 60
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0147-6513
J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE
JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 74
IS 4
BP 1011
EP 1020
DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.015
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 763JU
UT WOS:000290553400062
PM 21345490
ER
PT J
AU Novak, PJ
Arnold, WA
Blazer, VS
Halden, RU
Klaper, RD
Kolpin, DW
Kriebel, D
Love, NG
Martinovic-Weigelt, D
Patisaul, HB
Snyder, SA
vom Saal, FS
Weisbrod, AV
Swackhamer, DL
AF Novak, P. J.
Arnold, W. A.
Blazer, V. S.
Halden, R. U.
Klaper, R. D.
Kolpin, D. W.
Kriebel, D.
Love, N. G.
Martinovic-Weigelt, D.
Patisaul, H. B.
Snyder, S. A.
vom Saal, F. S.
Weisbrod, A. V.
Swackhamer, D. L.
TI On the Need for a National (US) Research Program to Elucidate the
Potential Risks to Human Health and the Environment Posed by
Contaminants of Emerging Concern
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Blazer, V. S.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Halden, R. U.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Klaper, R. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA.
[Kolpin, D. W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa Water Sci Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA.
[Kriebel, D.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell Ctr Sustainable Prod, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.
[Love, N. G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Novak, P. J.; Arnold, W. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Martinovic-Weigelt, D.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.
[Patisaul, H. B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Snyder, S. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[vom Saal, F. S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Weisbrod, A. V.] Procter & Gamble Co, Prod Safety & Regulatory Affairs, Cincinnati, OH 45201 USA.
[Swackhamer, D. L.] Univ Minnesota, Humphrey Inst Publ Affairs, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Novak, PJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM novak010@umn.edu
RI Snyder, Shane/A-3302-2011; Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010;
OI Snyder, Shane/0000-0003-2709-9840; Arnold, William/0000-0003-0814-5469;
Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361; Martinovic-Weigelt,
Dalma/0000-0002-9973-4965
NR 4
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 30
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 9
BP 3829
EP 3830
DI 10.1021/es200744f
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 753ZI
UT WOS:000289819400006
PM 21438522
ER
PT J
AU Walters, DM
Mills, MA
Cade, BS
Burkard, LP
AF Walters, David M.
Mills, Marc A.
Cade, Brian S.
Burkard, Lawrence P.
TI Trophic Magnification of PCBs and Its Relationship to the Octanol-Water
Partition Coefficient
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS;
POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; DIPHENYL ETHERS PBDES; BIOACCUMULATION;
BIOMAGNIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; CHEMICALS; MODEL; FISH
AB We investigated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioaccumulation relative to octanol-water partition coefficient (K(OW)) and organism trophic position (TP) at the Lake Hartwell Superfund site (South Carolina). We measured PCBs (127 congeners) and stable isotopes (delta(15)N) in sediment, organic matter, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and fish. TP, as calculated from delta(15)N, was significantly, positively related to PCB concentrations, and food web trophic magnification factors (TMFs) ranged from 1.5--6.6 among congeners. TMFs of individual congeners increased strongly with log K(OW), as did the predictive power (r(2)) of individual TP-PCB regression models used to calculate TMFs. We developed log K(OW)-TMF models for eight food webs with vastly different environments (freshwater, marine, arctic, temperate) and species composition (cold- vs warmblooded consumers). The effect of K(OW) on congener TMFs varied strongly across food webs (model slopes 0.0-15.0) because the range of TMFs among studies was also highly variable. We standardized TMFs within studies to mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1 to normalize for scale differences and found a remarkably consistent K(OW) effect on TMFs (no difference in model slopes among food webs). Our findings underscore the importance of hydrophobicity (as characterized by K(OW)) in regulating bioaccumulation of recalcitrant compounds in aquatic systems, and demonstrate that relationships between chemical K(OW) and bioaccumulation from field studies are more generalized than previously recognized.
C1 [Walters, David M.; Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
[Burkard, Lawrence P.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM waltersd@usgs.gov
RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Mills, Marc/C-3449-2017
OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086
NR 43
TC 32
Z9 34
U1 8
U2 88
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 9
BP 3917
EP 3924
DI 10.1021/es103158s
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 753ZI
UT WOS:000289819400019
PM 21466215
ER
PT J
AU Spruill, TB
AF Spruill, Timothy B.
TI Comment on "Trend Reversal of Nitrate in Danish Groundwater-A Reflection
of Agricultural Practices and Nitrogen Surpluses since 1950"
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
RP Spruill, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
EM tspruill@usgs.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 9
BP 4187
EP 4188
DI 10.1021/es200441v
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 753ZI
UT WOS:000289819400057
PM 21456544
ER
PT J
AU Poppe, LJ
Williams, SJ
Babb, IG
AF Poppe, Lawrence J.
Williams, S. Jeffress
Babb, Ivar G.
TI Character of Shell Beds Flanking Herod Point Shoal, Southeastern Long
Island Sound, New York
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Cape-associated shoal; shell accumulations; Roanoke Point Shoal; surf
clams; winnowing; benthic habitats; benthic complexity
ID OYSTER REEFS; HABITAT; ESTUARINE; SEDIMENT; BASIN; FISH
AB POPPE, L.J.; WILLIAMS, S.J., and BABB, I.G., 2011. Character of shell beds flanking Herod Point Shoal, southeastern Long Island Sound, New York. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(3), 493-501. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.
High biogenic productivity, strong tidal currents, shoal topography, and short transport distances combine to favor shell-bed formation along the lower flanks of a cape-associated shoal off Herod Point on Long Island, New York. This shell bed has a densely packed, clast-supported fabric composed largely of undegraded surf clam (Spisula solidissima) valves. It is widest along the central part of the western flank of the shoal where topographic gradients are steep and a stronger flood tide results in residual flow. The bed is narrower and thinner toward the landward margins where currents are too weak to transport larger valves and topographic gradients are gentle, limiting bed-load transport mechanisms by which the shells are concentrated.
Reconnaissance mapping off Roanoke Point suggests that shell beds are also present at the other cape-associated shoals off northeastern Long Island, where relatively similar geomorphic and oceanographic conditions exist. These shell beds are important to the Long Island Sound ecosystem because they provide complex benthic habitats of rough and hard substrates at the boundary between the muddy basin floor and mobile sand of the shoals.
C1 [Poppe, Lawrence J.; Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Babb, Ivar G.] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM lpoppe@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Undersea Research Center at the
University of Connecticut; Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection; Connecticut Sea Grant
FX We would like to thank the crew of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries
Service vessel Victor Loosanoff for their assistance in the field. This
work was supported by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S.
Geological Survey, National Undersea Research Center at the University
of Connecticut, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, and
Connecticut Sea Grant. This manuscript has benefitted from critical
reviews by Page Valentine and C. Wylie Poag (both U.S. Geological
Survey).
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 3
BP 493
EP 501
DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00079.1
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 764PY
UT WOS:000290645600010
ER
PT J
AU Kennedy, A
Rogers, S
Sallenger, A
Gravois, U
Zachry, B
Dosa, M
Zarama, F
AF Kennedy, Andrew
Rogers, Spencer
Sallenger, Asbury
Gravois, Uriah
Zachry, Brian
Dosa, Matild
Zarama, Francisco
TI Building Destruction from Waves and Surge on the Bolivar Peninsula
during Hurricane Ike
SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Waves; Surge; Hurricanes; Building damage; FEMA
AB The Bolivar Peninsula in Texas was severely impacted by Hurricane Ike with strong winds, large waves, widespread inundation, and severe damage. This paper examines the wave and surge climate on Bolivar during the storm and the consequent survival and destruction of buildings. Emphasis is placed on differences between buildings that survived ( with varying degrees of damage) and buildings that were completely destroyed. Building elevations are found to be the primary indicator of survival for areas with large waves. Here, buildings that were sufficiently elevated above waves and surge suffered relatively little structural damage, while houses at lower elevations were impacted by large waves and generally completely destroyed. In many areas, the transition from destruction to survival was over a very small elevation range of around 0.5 m. In areas where waves were smaller, survival was possible at much lower elevations. Higher houses that were not inundated still survived, but well-built houses at lower elevations could also survive as the waves were not large enough to cause structural damage. However, the transition height where waves became damaging could not be determined from this study. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000061. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Kennedy, Andrew; Dosa, Matild; Zarama, Francisco] Univ Notre Dame, South Bend, IN USA.
[Rogers, Spencer] N Carolina Sea Grant, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
[Sallenger, Asbury] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Gravois, Uriah] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Zachry, Brian] AIR Worldwide, Boston, MA 02116 USA.
RP Kennedy, A (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, South Bend, IN USA.
EM andrew.kennedy@nd.edu
RI Kennedy, Andrew/E-4746-2011
OI Kennedy, Andrew/0000-0002-7254-1346
FU National Science Foundation [0902264]; Florida Sea Grant [R/C-S-46];
Florida Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems; USGS Center for Coastal
Geology; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; University of Florida; University
of Notre Dame
FX Portions of this research were funded by the National Science Foundation
under grant 0902264, Florida Sea Grant under grant R/C-S-46, The Florida
Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, the USGS Center for Coastal
Geology, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the University of Florida,
and the University of Notre Dame.
NR 18
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 3
U2 8
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-950X
J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE
JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 3
BP 132
EP 141
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000061
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 762ME
UT WOS:000290482000003
ER
PT J
AU Wang, LZ
Infante, D
Lyons, J
Stewart, J
Cooper, A
AF Wang, Lizhu
Infante, Dana
Lyons, John
Stewart, Jana
Cooper, Arthur
TI EFFECTS OF DAMS IN RIVER NETWORKS ON FISH ASSEMBLAGES IN NON-IMPOUNDMENT
SECTIONS OF RIVERS IN MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN, USA
SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE impoundment; fish diversity; fish integrity; river connectivity;
cumulative effect
ID LOW-HEAD DAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-COVER; STREAMS; HABITAT; QUALITY
AB Regional assessment of cumulative impacts of dams on riverine fish assemblages provides resource managers essential information for dam operation, potential dam removal, river health assessment and overall ecosystem management. Such an assessment is challenging because characteristics of fish assemblages are not only affected by dams, but also influenced by natural variation and human-induced modification (in addition to dams) in thermal and flow regimes, physicochemical habitats and biological assemblages. This study evaluated the impacts of dams on river fish assemblages in the non-impoundment sections of rivers in the states of Michigan and Wisconsin using multiple fish assemblage indicators and multiple approaches to distinguish the influences of dams from those of other natural and human-induced factors. We found that environmental factors that influence fish assemblages in addition to dams should be incorporated when evaluating regional effects of dams on fish assemblages. Without considering such co-influential factors, the evaluation is inadequate and potentially misleading. The role of dams alone in determining fish assemblages at a regional spatial scale is relatively small (explained less than 20% of variance) compared with the other environmental factors, such as river size, flow and thermal regimes and land uses jointly. However, our results do demonstrate that downstream and upstream dams can substantially modify fish assemblages in the non-impoundment sections of rivers. After excluding river size and land-use influences, our results clearly demonstrate that dams have significant impacts on fish biotic-integrity and habitat-and-social-preference indicators. The influences of the upstream dams, downstream dams, distance to dams, and dam density differ among the fish indicators, which have different implications for maintaining river biotic integrity, protecting biodiversity and managing fisheries. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Wang, Lizhu; Cooper, Arthur] Univ Michigan, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Infante, Dana; Cooper, Arthur] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Lyons, John] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA.
[Stewart, Jana] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, 1109 N Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM lizuwang@umich.edu
FU Federal Aid in Sport Fishery Restoration Program [F-80-R-6]; U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service through Michigan State University
FX The authors thank Troy Zorn for providing insightful discussion in
standardizing fish abundance data from different sampling gears and Paul
Seelbach for providing landscape view related to how fragmentation
impacts riverine fishes. Matthew Mitro, Dan Sullivan and two anonymous
reviewers provided in depth review, which substantially improved the
manuscript. This project was partially supported by Federal Aid in Sport
Fishery Restoration Program, Project F-80-R-6 through the Fisheries
Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Project
F-95-P through the Bureau of Science Services of the Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources, and a grant from the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service through Michigan State University.
NR 34
TC 23
Z9 27
U1 5
U2 68
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1535-1459
J9 RIVER RES APPL
JI River Res. Appl.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 4
BP 473
EP 487
DI 10.1002/rra.1356
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 762EP
UT WOS:000290456000004
ER
PT J
AU Orrock, JL
Allan, BF
Drost, CA
AF Orrock, John L.
Allan, Brian F.
Drost, Charles A.
TI Biogeographic and Ecological Regulation of Disease: Prevalence of Sin
Nombre Virus in Island Mice Is Related to Island Area, Precipitation,
and Predator Richness
SO AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE California Channel Islands; disease ecology; habitat area; hantavirus;
predators; Sin Nombre virus
ID INSULAR RODENT POPULATIONS; DEER MICE; CHANNEL-ISLANDS;
PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; HANTAVIRUS INFECTION;
LONG-TERM; CALIFORNIA; MONTANA; DENSITY
AB The relative roles of top-down and bottom-up forces in affecting disease prevalence in wild hosts is important for understanding disease dynamics and human disease risk. We found that the prevalence of Sin Nombre virus (SNV), the agent of a severe disease in humans (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), in island deer mice from the eight California Channel Islands was greater with increased precipitation (a measure of productivity), greater island area, and fewer species of rodent predators. In finding a strong signal of the ecological forces affecting SNV prevalence, our work highlights the need for future work to understand the relative importance of average rodent density, population fluctuations, behavior, and specialist predators as they affect SNV prevalence. In addition to illustrating the importance of both bottom-up and top-down limitation of disease prevalence, our results suggest that predator richness may have important bearing on the risk of exposure to animal-borne diseases that affect humans.
C1 [Orrock, John L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Allan, Brian F.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Drost, Charles A.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Orrock, JL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jorrock@wisc.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0502069]; National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey
FX We thank the National Park Service, especially the staff at the Channel
Islands National Park, for their commitment to research and to
collecting the long-term data on island fauna, which made this work
possible. We thank P. Collins and C. Schwemm for sharing their knowledge
of island mice and predators, and we thank T. Coonan, C. Schwemm, and I.
Williams for logistical support during island fieldwork. J. Chase, F. de
Castro, R. Holt, and R. Ostfeld provided helpful suggestions and
insightful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by
National Science Foundation grant DEB-0502069 to J.L.O. and a National
Fish and Wildlife Foundation Budweiser Conservation Scholarship to B. F.
A. C.A.D.'s contribution was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the United States government.
NR 43
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 31
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0003-0147
J9 AM NAT
JI Am. Nat.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 177
IS 5
BP 691
EP 697
DI 10.1086/659632
PG 7
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 758GO
UT WOS:000290151500014
PM 21508614
ER
PT J
AU Chesnick, IE
Centeno, JA
Todorov, TI
Koenig, AE
Potter, K
AF Chesnick, Ingrid E.
Centeno, Jose A.
Todorov, Todor I.
Koenig, Alan E.
Potter, Kimberlee
TI Spatial mapping of mineralization with manganese-enhanced magnetic
resonance imaging
SO BONE
LA English
DT Article
DE Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; Osteoblasts;
Mineralization; Calvaria; Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry
ID PROTON RELAXATION; BONE-FORMATION; IN-VIVO; OSTEOBLASTS; MYOCARDIUM;
ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; CULTURES; MICROCT; AGENTS
AB Paramagnetic manganese can be employed as a calcium surrogate to sensitize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to the processing of calcium during the bone formation process. At low doses, after just 48 h of exposure, osteoblasts take up sufficient quantities of manganese to cause marked reductions in the water proton T1 values compared with untreated cells. After just 24 h of exposure, 25 mu M MnCl(2) had no significant effect on cell viability. However, for mineralization studies 100 mu M MnCl2 was used to avoid issues of manganese depletion in calvarial organ cultures and a post-treatment delay of 48 h was implemented to ensure that manganese ions taken up by osteoblasts is deposited as mineral. All specimens were identified by their days in vitro (DIV). Using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), we confirmed that Mn-treated calvariae continued to deposit mineral in culture and that the mineral composition was similar to that of age-matched controls. Notably there was a significant decrease in the manganese content of DIV18 compared with DIV11 specimens, possibly relating to less manganese sequestration as a result of mineral maturation. More importantly, quantitative T1 maps of Mn-treated calvariae showed localized reductions in T1 values over the calvarial surface, indicative of local variations in the surface manganese content. This result was verified with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). We also found that, Delta R1 values, calculated by subtracting the relaxation rate of Mn-treated specimens from the relaxation rate of age-matched controls, were proportional to the surface manganese content and thus mineralizing activity. From this analysis, we established that mineralization of DIV4 and DIV11 specimens occurred in all tissue zones, but was reduced for DIV18 specimens because of mineral maturation with less manganese sequestration. In DIV25 specimens, active mineralization was observed for the expanding superficial surface and Delta R1 values were increased due to the mineralization of small, previously unmineralized areas. Our findings support the use of manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to study well-orchestrated mineralizing events that occur during embryonic development. In conclusion, MEMRI is more sensitive to the study of mineralization than traditional imaging approaches. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Chesnick, Ingrid E.; Potter, Kimberlee] Armed Forces Inst Pathol Annex, Dept Biophys, Magnet Resonance Microscopy Facil, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Centeno, Jose A.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Washington, DC 20306 USA.
[Todorov, Todor I.; Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Potter, K (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol Annex, Dept Biophys, Magnet Resonance Microscopy Facil, 1413 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
EM kimberlee.potter@us.army.mil
FU NIH [AR51446]
FX The authors thank Simina Lal (Department of Environmental and Infectious
Disease Sciences, AFIP) for her assistance with the ICP-OES analysis.
This work was supported in part by NIH grant AR51446 (KP).
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 8756-3282
J9 BONE
JI Bone
PD MAY 1
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 5
BP 1194
EP 1201
DI 10.1016/j.bone.2011.02.014
PG 8
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 754TK
UT WOS:000289879900031
PM 21352960
ER
PT J
AU Rodriguez, JAP
Kargel, JS
Tanaka, KL
Crown, DA
Berman, DC
Fairen, AG
Baker, VR
Furfaro, R
Candelaria, P
Sasaki, S
AF Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.
Kargel, Jeffrey S.
Tanaka, Kenneth L.
Crown, David A.
Berman, Daniel C.
Fairen, Alberto G.
Baker, Victor R.
Furfaro, Roberto
Candelaria, Pat
Sasaki, Sho
TI Secondary chaotic terrain formation in the higher outflow channels of
southern circum-Chryse, Mars
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars; Geological processes
ID PERMAFROST-AFFECTED SOILS; ANCIENT HEAT-FLOW; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY;
CRYSTALLINE HEMATITE; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; THAUMASIA
REGION; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SURFACE-WATER; DRY VALLEYS
AB Higher outflow channel dissection in the martian region of southern circum-Chryse appears to have extended from the Late Hesperian to the Middle Amazonian Epoch. These outflow channels were excavated within the upper 1 km of the cryolithosphere, where no liquid water is expected to have existed during these geologic epochs. In accordance with previous work, our examination of outflow channel floor morphologies suggests the upper crust excavated by the studied outflow channels consisted of a thin (a few tens of meters) layer of dry geologic materials overlying an indurated zone that extends to the bases of the investigated outflow channels (1 km in depth). We find that the floors of these outflow channels contain widespread secondary chaotic terrains (i.e., chaotic terrains produced by the destruction of channel-floor materials). These chaotic terrains occur within the full range of outflow channel dissection and tend to form clusters. Our examination of the geology of these chaotic terrains suggests that their formation did not result in the generation of floods. Nevertheless, despite their much smaller dimensions, these chaotic terrains are comprised of the same basic morphologic elements (e.g., mesas, knobs, and smooth deposits within scarp-bound depressions) as those located in the initiation zones of the outflow channels, which suggests that their formation must have involved the release of ground volatiles. We propose that these chaotic terrains developed not catastrophically but gradually and during multiple episodes of nested surface collapse. In order to explain the formation of secondary chaotic terrains within zones of outflow channel dissection, we propose that the regional Martian cryolithosphere contained widespread lenses of volatiles in liquid form. In this model, channel floor collapse and secondary chaotic terrain formation would have taken place as a consequence of instabilities arising during their exhumation by outflow channel dissection. Within relatively warm upper crustal materials in volcanic settings, or within highly saline crustal materials where cryopegs developed, lenses of volatiles in liquid form within the cryolithosphere could have formed, and/or remained stable.
In addition, our numerical simulations suggest that low thermal conductivity, dry fine-grained porous geologic materials just a few tens of meters in thickness (e.g., dunes, sand sheets, some types of regolith materials), could have produced high thermal anomalies resulting in subsurface melting. The existence of a global layer of dry geologic materials overlying the cryolithosphere would suggest that widespread lenses of fluids existed (and may still exist) at shallow depths wherever these materials are fine-grained and porous. The surface ages of the investigated outflow channels and chaotic terrains span a full 500 to 700 Myr. Chaotic terrains similar in dimensions and morphology to secondary chaotic terrains are not observed conspicuously throughout the surface of Mars, suggesting that intra-cryolithospheric fluid lenses may form relatively stable systems. The existence of widespread groundwater lenses at shallow depths of burial has tremendous implications for exobiological studies and future human exploration. We find that the clear geomorphologic anomaly that the chaotic terrains and outflow channels of southern Chryse form within the Martian landscape could have been a consequence of large-scale resurfacing resulting from anomalously extensive subsurface melt in this region of the planet produced by high concentrations of salts within the regional upper crust. Crater count statistics reveal that secondary chaotic terrains and the outflow channels within which they occur have overlapping ages, suggesting that the instabilities leading to their formation rapidly dissipated, perhaps as the thickness of the cryolithosphere was reset following the disruption of the upper crustal thermal structure produced during outflow channel excavation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.; Crown, David A.; Berman, Daniel C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Fairen, Alberto G.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Fairen, Alberto G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Furfaro, Roberto; Candelaria, Pat] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Sasaki, Sho] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa, Oshu 0230861, Japan.
RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM alexis@psi.edu
NR 129
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 213
IS 1
BP 150
EP 194
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.027
PG 45
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 758TR
UT WOS:000290190100011
ER
PT J
AU Mendonca, JG
Araujo, CV
Borrego, AG
Cook, A
Flores, D
Hackley, P
Hower, JC
Kern, ML
Kommeren, K
Kus, J
Mastalerz, M
Mendonca, JO
Menezes, TR
Newman, J
Ranasinghe, P
Souza, IVAF
Suarez-Ruiz, I
Ujiie, Y
AF Mendonca Filho, J. G.
Araujo, C. V.
Borrego, A. G.
Cook, A.
Flores, D.
Hackley, P.
Hower, J. C.
Kern, M. L.
Kommeren, K.
Kus, J.
Mastalerz, M.
Mendonca, J. O.
Menezes, T. R.
Newman, J.
Ranasinghe, P.
Souza, I. V. A. F.
Suarez-Ruiz, I.
Ujiie, Y.
TI Reply to Effect of concentration of organic matter on optical maturity
parameters. Interlaboratory results of the organic matter concentration
working group of the ICCP. Discussion by Vinay K. Sahay
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Kerogen isolation; Optical parameters; Dispersed organic matter;
Vitrinite reflectance; Spectral fluorescence; Kerogen concentration
ID REFLECTANCE; VITRINITE; KEROGEN
AB This reply is motivated by Sahay's comments on the paper published by Mendonca Filho et al. (2010) dealing with the effect of concentration of an organic matter on optical maturity parameters. Four points were raised by Sahay: suggestion to use of chemical parameters to assess the effect of isolation, indication that suppression of vitrinite reflectance in liptinite-rich rocks was insufficiently addressed, discussion on the way to deal with the existence of multiple vitrinite populations in a dispersed organic matter, and contradictory explanation of results involving the influence of isolation procedure on fluorescence properties but no effect on vitrinite reflectance. The four points were separately addressed being the two first ones out of the scope of the paper. The existence of multiple vitrinite populations is a well-recognized problem whose importance in the results could be addressed because the participants provided individual records of vitrinite reflectance. These results indicated that election of different populations was not a major problem in the results. The influence of isolation procedure on the fluorescence spectra of alginite while the vitrinite reflectance remains unaltered is not considered contradictory because both parameters are measured on different components which may have a different response to the acid treatment. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mendonca Filho, J. G.; Kern, M. L.; Mendonca, J. O.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Palynofacies & Organ Facies Lab LAFO, DEGL, IGEO, BR-21949900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
[Araujo, C. V.; Menezes, T. R.; Souza, I. V. A. F.] Petrobras R&D Ctr, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
[Borrego, A. G.; Suarez-Ruiz, I.] CSIC, Inst Nacl Carbon, Oviedo 33011, Spain.
[Cook, A.; Ranasinghe, P.] Keiraville Konsultants Pty Ltd, Keiraville, NSW 2500, Australia.
[Flores, D.] Univ Porto, Dept Geol, Fac Ciencias Porto, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal.
[Hackley, P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Reston MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Hower, J. C.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA.
[Kommeren, K.] Shell Int Explorat & Prod BV Kessler Pk, NL-2288 GS Rijswijk, Netherlands.
[Kus, J.] Geozentrum Hannover, Germany Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany.
[Mastalerz, M.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Newman, J.] Newman Energy Res Ltd, Christchurch 8025, New Zealand.
[Ujiie, Y.] Hirosaki Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan.
RP Mendonca, JG (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Palynofacies & Organ Facies Lab LAFO, DEGL, IGEO, Av Athos Silveira,274 Predio CCMN,Sala JI020,Camp, BR-21949900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
EM graciano@geologia.ufrj.br
RI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/C-2098-2013; Flores, Deolinda
Flores/N-9901-2013; Borrego, Angeles/B-7094-2015;
OI Mendonca Filho, Joao Graciano/0000-0001-8997-0270; Flores, Deolinda
Flores/0000-0003-4631-7831; Borrego, Angeles/0000-0001-9021-7358;
Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-5162
J9 INT J COAL GEOL
JI Int. J. Coal Geol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2011
VL 86
IS 2-3
BP 289
EP 290
DI 10.1016/j.coal.2011.01.001
PG 2
WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Energy & Fuels; Geology
GA 761BT
UT WOS:000290370400015
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, S
Zhang, PF
Crusius, J
Kroeger, KD
Bratton, JF
AF Zhao, Sherry
Zhang, Pengfei
Crusius, John
Kroeger, Kevin D.
Bratton, John F.
TI Use of pharmaceuticals and pesticides to constrain nutrient sources in
coastal groundwater of northwestern Long Island, New York, USA
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
LA English
DT Article
ID WASTE-WATER; NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; QUALITY IMPACTS;
GOLF-COURSES; NITRATE; SEWAGE; SOUND; CARBAMAZEPINE; SPECTROMETRY
AB In developed, non-agricultural, unsewered areas, septic systems and fertilizer application to lawns and gardens represent two major sources of nitrogen to coastal groundwater, in addition to atmospheric input. This study was designed to distinguish between these two possible nitrogen sources by analyzing groundwater samples for pharmaceutical residuals, because fertilizers do not contain any of these pharmaceuticals, but domestic wastewater commonly does. In addition, several herbicides and insecticides used in lawn treatment were analyzed as indicators of nitrogen delivery to groundwater from fertilizers. Groundwater samples were taken through piezometres at shoreline sites in unsewered areas surrounding Northport Harbor and in sewered areas adjacent to Manhasset Bay (hereafter referred to as "Northport" and "Manhasset", respectively), both in northwestern Long Island, USA. Excessive nitrogen loading has led to reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations in Long Island Sound, and the groundwater contribution to the nitrogen budget is poorly constrained. The frequent detection of the anticonvulsant compound carbamazepine in groundwater samples of the Northport Harbor area (unsewered), together with the fact that few pesticides associated with lawn applications were detected, suggests that wastewater input and atmospheric input are the likely sources of nitrogen in the Northport groundwater. High concentrations of nitrogen were also detected in the Manhasset (sewered) groundwater. The low detection frequency and concentration of carbamazepine, however, suggest that the sewer system effectively intercepts nitrogen from wastewater there. The likely sources of nitrogen in the Manhasset groundwater are atmospheric deposition and lawn fertilizers, as this area is densely populated.
C1 [Zhao, Sherry; Zhang, Pengfei] CUNY, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Zhao, Sherry; Zhang, Pengfei] CUNY, Dept Chem, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10016 USA.
[Zhao, Sherry; Zhang, Pengfei] CUNY, Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA.
[Crusius, John; Kroeger, Kevin D.; Bratton, John F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Zhang, PF (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM pzhang@sci.ccny.cuny.edu
RI Zhang, Pengfei/C-2264-2013;
OI Zhang, Pengfei/0000-0002-1765-5965; Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349;
Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; USGS
FX We would like to thank USGS field samplers (Adrian Green, Sandy Baldwin,
Michael Casso, Wally Brooks, and Laura Erban) and those who provided
site access for sampling (Manhasset Bay Yacht Club and Northport Yacht
Club in particular). Service provided by the Mass Spectrometry Core
Facility at the CCNY Science Division is appreciated. Funding for this
study was provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and
USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program.
NR 39
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 21
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1464-0325
J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR
JI J. Environ. Monit.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 5
BP 1337
EP 1343
DI 10.1039/c1em10039d
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 758LR
UT WOS:000290166800022
PM 21487579
ER
PT J
AU Kamireddy, N
Jittinandana, S
Kenney, PB
Slider, SD
Kiser, RA
Mazik, PM
Hankins, JA
AF Kamireddy, N.
Jittinandana, S.
Kenney, P. B.
Slider, S. D.
Kiser, R. A.
Mazik, P. M.
Hankins, J. A.
TI Effect of Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation and Refrigerated Storage on
Quality of Rainbow Trout Fillets
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE lipid oxidation; quality; refrigerated storage; trout; vitamin E
ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; TOCOPHEROL-BINDING-PROTEIN;
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RAT-LIVER; MUSCLE; TISSUE; SALMO; FISH
AB Rainbow trout were fed a low vitamin E (200 mg/kg; LVE) or a high vitamin E (5000 mg/kg; HVE) diet for 9 wk to characterize the effect of vitamin E supplementation at 5000 mg/kg on fillet quality. Fish were sampled at 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 wk of the trial. Fillets were stored at 2 degrees C for 0, 7, and 14 d, and analyzed for pH, psychrotrophic counts, color, cook yield, shear force, crude fat and moisture content, alpha-tocopherol, fatty acid composition, and lipid oxidation. There was a significant feeding duration by fillet storage time interaction for psychrotrophic counts, crude fat content, cook yield, and shear force. Fillet L* value was not affected by diet, feeding duration or storage time. Fillet a* was lowest at 14-d storage, and b* values increased with fillet storage time. High vitamin E diet increased fillet alpha-tocopherol from 33 to 155 mg/kg. High vitamin E decreased palmitic acid and increased linoleic acid and omega-6 fatty acids. Feeding through 9 wk increased the relative proportions of unsaturated, polyunsaturated, and omega-3 fatty acids, and decreased saturated and omega-6 fatty acids. At 0-d storage, HVE diet did not affect thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) at any sampling week, and fasted fish generated fewer TBARS compared to non-fasted fish.
Practical Application
Preharvest, dietary manipulation increases vitamin E in trout fillets and affects fatty acid composition. Storage stability depends on careful handling.
C1 [Kamireddy, N.; Kenney, P. B.; Slider, S. D.; Kiser, R. A.] W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Jittinandana, S.] Mahidol Univ, Inst Nutr, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
[Mazik, P. M.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS BRD, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Hankins, J. A.] Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA.
RP Kenney, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
EM bkenney@wvu.edu
FU West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station; USDA
FX This study was supported by Hatch funds of the West Virginia Agriculture
and Forestry Experiment Station and a USDA/CSREES Special Aquaculture
Grant. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
government. It is published with the approval of the Director of the
Station as scientific paper nr 3088.
NR 39
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1147
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 76
IS 4
BP S233
EP S241
DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02121.x
PG 9
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 759TF
UT WOS:000290270600012
PM 22417368
ER
PT J
AU Ayotte, JD
Szabo, Z
Focazio, MJ
Eberts, SM
AF Ayotte, Joseph D.
Szabo, Zoltan
Focazio, Michael J.
Eberts, Sandra M.
TI Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on
concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply
wells
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; UNITED-STATES; ARSENIC CONTAMINATION; ALLUVIAL
AQUIFER; USA; GEOCHEMISTRY; URANIUM; BASIN; VULNERABILITY; CHROMIUM
AB The effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow patterns on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements were examined in five hydrologically distinct aquifer systems in the USA. Although naturally occurring, these trace elements can exceed concentrations that are considered harmful to human health. The results show that pumping-induced hydraulic gradient changes and artificial connection of aquifers by well screens can mix chemically distinct groundwater. Chemical reactions between these mixed groundwaters and solid aquifer materials can result in the mobilization of trace elements such as U, As and Ra, with subsequent transport to water-supply wells. For example, in the High Plains aquifer near York, Nebraska, mixing of shallow, oxygenated, lower-pH water from an unconfined aquifer with deeper, confined, anoxic, higher-pH water is facilitated by wells screened across both aquifers. The resulting higher-O(2), lower-pH mixed groundwater facilitated the mobilization of U from solid aquifer materials, and dissolved U concentrations were observed to increase significantly in nearby supply wells. Similar instances of trace element mobilization due to human-induced mixing of groundwaters were documented in: (1) the Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida (As and U), (2) Paleozoic sedimentary aquifers in eastern Wisconsin (As), (3) the basin-fill aquifer underlying the California Central Valley near Modesto (U), and (4) Coastal Plain aquifers of New Jersey (Ra). Adverse water-quality impacts attributed to human activities are commonly assumed to be related solely to the release of the various anthropogenic contaminants to the environment. The results show that human activities including various land uses, well drilling, and pumping rates and volumes can adversely impact the quality of water in supply wells, when associated with naturally-occurring trace elements in aquifer materials. This occurs by causing subtle but significant changes in geochemistry and associated trace element mobilization as well as enhancing advective transport processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ayotte, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA.
[Szabo, Zoltan] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
[Focazio, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Eberts, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA.
RP Ayotte, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA.
EM jayotte@usgs.gov
OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293
FU US Geological Survey
FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey National Water Quality
Assessment Program. The authors thank Kenneth Belitz and Francis H.
Chapelle, USGS, for critical input to this manuscript. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply
endorsement by the US Government.
NR 78
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 36
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 747
EP 762
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 757IX
UT WOS:000290079800010
ER
PT J
AU Barringer, JL
Reilly, PA
Eberl, DD
Blum, AE
Bonin, JL
Rosman, R
Hirst, B
Alebus, M
Cenno, K
Gorska, M
AF Barringer, Julia L.
Reilly, Pamela A.
Eberl, Dennis D.
Blum, Alex E.
Bonin, Jennifer L.
Rosman, Robert
Hirst, Barbara
Alebus, Marzooq
Cenno, Kimberly
Gorska, Miroslawa
TI Arsenic in sediments, groundwater, and streamwater of a glauconitic
Coastal Plain terrain, New Jersey, USA-Chemical "fingerprints" for
geogenic and anthropogenic sources
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC-MATTER; NATURAL-WATERS; AQUIA AQUIFER; WEST-BENGAL;
GEOCHEMISTRY; MOBILIZATION; RELEASE; IRON; BANGLADESH; REDUCTION
AB Glauconite-bearing deposits are found worldwide, but As levels have been determined for relatively few. The As content of glauconites in sediments of the Inner Coastal Plain of New Jersey can exceed 100 mg/kg, and total As concentrations (up to 5.95 mu g/L) found historically and recently in streamwaters exceed the State standard. In a major watershed of the Inner Coastal Plain, chemical "fingerprints" were developed for streambed sediments and groundwater to identify contributions of As to the watershed from geologic and anthropogenic sources. The fingerprint for streambed sediments, which included Be, Cr, Fe and V, indicated that As was predominantly of geologic origin. High concentrations of dissolved organic C, nutrients (and Cl(-)) in shallow groundwater indicated anthropogenic inputs that provided an environment where microbial activity released As from minerals to groundwater discharging to the stream. Particulates in streamwater during high flow constituted most of the As load; the chemical patterns for these particulates resembled the geologic fingerprint of the streambed sediments. The As/Cr ratio of these suspended particles likely indicates they derived not only from runoff, but from groundwater inputs, because As contributed by groundwater is sequestered on streambed sediments. Agricultural inputs of As were not clearly identified, although chemical characteristics of some sediments indicated vehicle-related inputs of metals. Sediment sampling during dry and wet years showed that, under differing hydrologic conditions, local anthropogenic fingerprints could be obscured but the geologic fingerprint, indicating glauconitic sediments as an As source, was robust. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Barringer, Julia L.; Reilly, Pamela A.; Bonin, Jennifer L.; Rosman, Robert] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
[Eberl, Dennis D.; Blum, Alex E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Hirst, Barbara; Alebus, Marzooq; Cenno, Kimberly; Gorska, Miroslawa] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA.
RP Barringer, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
EM jbarring@usgs.gov
FU NJDEP
FX Funding for this study was provided by the NJDEP. The authors are
grateful to Peter Sugarman, John Dooley and Frederick L. Muller of the
New Jersey Geological Survey for samples of, and mineralogical data for,
the phosphorites, and thank Ken Thoman, Bill O'Shaughnessy and Sarah
Bent of the Monmouth County Park System for access to sampling sites and
information about the study area. Thanks go to USGS colleagues LaDonna
Choate for analytical help, and Michael Lico and Kirk Nordstrom for
helpful comments on early drafts of this paper. Thanks are due to the
anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that greatly improved the
paper and to Richard B. Wanty for Editorial Handling. Any use of trade,
product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 64
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 763
EP 776
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.034
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 757IX
UT WOS:000290079800011
ER
PT J
AU Miranda, LE
AF Miranda, L. E.
TI Depth as an organizer of fish assemblages in floodplain lakes
SO AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Depth; Water quality; Fish assemblages; Lake; CAP analysis; Quantile
regression
ID ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; BASIN; COMMUNITIES;
SEDIMENT; OXBOW; HOMOGENIZATION; ACCUMULATION; ECOLOGY; OXYGEN
AB Depth reduction is a natural process in floodplain lakes, but in many basins has been accelerated by anthropogenic disturbances. A diverse set of 42 floodplain lakes in the Yazoo River Basin (Mississippi, USA) was examined to test the hypothesis of whether depth reduction was a key determinant of water quality and fish assemblage structure. Single and multiple variable analyses were applied to 10 commonly monitored water variables and 54 fish species. Results showed strong associations between depth and water characteristics, and between depth and fish assemblages. Deep lakes provided less variable environments, clearer water, and a wider range of microhabitats than shallow lakes. The greater environmental stability was reflected by the dominant species in the assemblages, which included a broader representation of large-body species, species less tolerant of extreme water quality, and more predators. Stability in deep lakes was further reflected by reduced among-lake variability in taxa representation. Fish assemblages in shallow lakes were more variable than deep lakes, and commonly dominated by opportunistic species that have early maturity, extended breeding seasons, small adult size, and short lifespan. Depth is a causal factor that drives many physical and chemical variables that contribute to organizing fish assemblages in floodplain lakes. Thus, correlations between fish and water transparency, temperature, oxygen, trophic state, habitat structure, and other environmental descriptors may ultimately be totally or partly regulated by depth. In basins undergoing rapid anthropogenic modifications, local changes forced by depth reductions may be expected to eliminate species available from the regional pool and could have considerable ecological implications.
C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM smiranda@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District; U.S. Geological Survey
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Vicksburg District, through a grant administered by J. Killgore by
Mississippi State University, and by the U.S. Geological Survey. T.
Alfermann, N. Aycock, D. Dembkowski, S. Miyazono, and C. Steffen
contributed greatly to the field work. L. Gomes, R. Kroger, D. Shields,
and two anonymous referees provided constructive reviews.
NR 52
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 17
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 1015-1621
J9 AQUAT SCI
JI Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 2
BP 211
EP 221
DI 10.1007/s00027-010-0170-7
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 753QE
UT WOS:000289793900003
ER
PT J
AU Hunt, RJ
Doherty, J
AF Hunt, Randall J.
Doherty, John
TI Interesting or Important? Resetting the Balance of Theory and
Application
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Hunt, Randall J.] USGS Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
[Doherty, John] Watermark Numer Comp, Corinda, Qld, Australia.
[Doherty, John] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), USGS Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
EM rjhunt@usgs.gov; johndoherty@ozemail.com.au
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 3
BP 301
EP 301
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00807.x
PG 1
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 755CE
UT WOS:000289903400001
PM 21382023
ER
PT J
AU Hsieh, PA
AF Hsieh, Paul A.
TI Application of MODFLOW for Oil Reservoir Simulation During the Deepwater
Horizon Crisis
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Article
AB When the Macondo well was shut in on July 15, 2010, the shut-in pressure recovered to a level that indicated the possibility of oil leakage out of the well casing into the surrounding formation. Such a leak could initiate a hydraulic fracture that might eventually breach the seafloor, resulting in renewed and uncontrolled oil flow into the Gulf of Mexico. To help evaluate whether or not to reopen the well, a MODFLOW model was constructed within 24 h after shut in to analyze the shut-in pressure. The model showed that the shut-in pressure can be explained by a reasonable scenario in which the well did not leak after shut in. The rapid response provided a scientific analysis for the decision to keep the well shut, thus ending the oil spill resulting from the Deepwater Horizon blow out.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Hsieh, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM pahsieh@usgs.gov
NR 5
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 3
BP 319
EP 323
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00813.x
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 755CE
UT WOS:000289903400008
PM 21410700
ER
PT J
AU Audetat, A
Dolejs, D
Lowenstern, JB
AF Audetat, Andreas
Dolejs, David
Lowenstern, Jacob B.
TI Molybdenite Saturation in Silicic Magmas: Occurrence and Petrological
Implications
SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE molybdenite; sulfur fugacity; rhyolite; melt inclusions; laser ablation
ICP-MS
ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MELT INCLUSIONS; STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENTS;
PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; NEW-MEXICO; SYSTEM; FLUID; PYRRHOTITE;
TRANSPORT; PHASES
AB We identified molybdenite (MoS2) as an accessory magmatic phase in 13 out of 27 felsic magma systems examined worldwide. The molybdenite occurs as small (< 20 mu m) triangular or hexagonal platelets included in quartz phenocrysts. Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of melt inclusions in molybdenite-saturated samples reveal 1-13 ppm Mo in the melt and geochemical signatures that imply a strong link to continental rift basalt rhyolite associations. In contrast, arc-associated rhyolites are rarely molybdenite-saturated, despite similar Mo concentrations. This systematic dependence on tectonic setting seems to reflect the higher oxidation state of arc magmas compared with within-plate magmas. A thermodynamic model devised to investigate the effects of T, fO(2) and fS(2) on molybdenite solubility reliably predicts measured Mo concentrations in molybdenite-saturated samples if the magmas are assumed to have been saturated also in pyrrhotite. Whereas pyrrhotite microphenocrysts have been observed in some of these samples, they have not been observed from other molybdenite-bearing magmas. Based on the strong influence of fS(2) on molybdenite solubility we calculate that also these latter magmas must have been at (or very close to) pyrrhotite saturation. In this case the Mo concentration of molybdenite-saturated melts can be used to constrain both magmatic fO(2) and fS(2) if temperature is known independently (e. g. by zircon saturation thermometry). Our model thus permits evaluation of magmatic fS(2), which is an important variable but is difficult to estimate otherwise, particularly in slowly cooled rocks.
C1 [Audetat, Andreas] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
[Dolejs, David] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Petr & Struct Geol, Prague 12843 2, Czech Republic.
[Lowenstern, Jacob B.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Audetat, A (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
EM andreas.audetat@uni-bayreuth.de
OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779
FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM 0021620855]; Czech
Science Foundation [205/09/P135]
FX This study was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech
Republic Research Plan (MSM 0021620855 to D.D.) and the Czech Science
Foundation (Project 205/09/P135 to D.D.)
NR 58
TC 19
Z9 22
U1 3
U2 19
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3530
J9 J PETROL
JI J. Petrol.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 5
BP 891
EP 904
DI 10.1093/petrology/egr008
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 754FP
UT WOS:000289840500003
ER
PT J
AU Parsons, T
Velasco, AA
AF Parsons, Tom
Velasco, Aaron A.
TI Absence of remotely triggered large earthquakes beyond the mainshock
region
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DYNAMIC STRESSES; AFTERSHOCKS; SEISMICITY; TREMOR; NUCLEATION;
CALIFORNIA; LANDERS; ALASKA
AB Large earthquakes are known to trigger earthquakes elsewhere. Damaging large aftershocks occur close to the mainshock and microearthquakes are triggered by passing seismic waves at significant distances from the mainshock(1-6). It is unclear, however, whether bigger, more damaging earthquakes are routinely triggered at distances far from the mainshock, heightening the global seismic hazard after every large earthquake. Here we assemble a catalogue of all possible earthquakes greater than M5 that might have been triggered by every M7 or larger mainshock during the past 30 years. We compare the timing of earthquakes greater than M5 with the temporal and spatial passage of surface waves generated by large earthquakes using a complete worldwide catalogue. Whereas small earthquakes are triggered immediately during the passage of surface waves at all spatial ranges, we find no significant temporal association between surface-wave arrivals and larger earthquakes. We observe a significant increase in the rate of seismic activity at distances confined to within two to three rupture lengths of the mainshock. Thus, we conclude that the regional hazard of larger earthquakes is increased after a mainshock, but the global hazard is not.
C1 [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Velasco, Aaron A.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM tparsons@usgs.gov
RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; Velasco, Aaron/H-2666-2012;
OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338
NR 20
TC 41
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 7
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 5
BP 312
EP 316
DI 10.1038/NGEO1110
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 756MP
UT WOS:000290016000016
ER
PT J
AU Corrales, J
Naja, GM
Dziuba, C
Rivero, RG
Orem, W
AF Corrales, Juliana
Naja, Ghinwa M.
Dziuba, Catherine
Rivero, Rosanna G.
Orem, William
TI Sulfate threshold target to control methylmercury levels in wetland
ecosystems
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Methylmercury; Sulfate threshold; Everglades Agricultural Area;
Bioaccumulation; Mass balance
ID PHOSPHORUS SORPTION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MERCURY; SOIL; SULFUR; RATES
AB Sulfate contamination has a significant environmental implication through the stimulation of toxic hydrogen sulfide and methylmercury (MeHg) production. High levels of MeHg are a serious problem in many wetland ecosystems worldwide. In the Florida Everglades, it has been demonstrated that increasing MeHg occurrence is due to a sulfate contamination problem. A promising strategy of lowering the MeHg occurrence is to reduce the amount of sulfate entering the ecosystem. High surface water sulfate concentrations in the Everglades are mainly due to discharges from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) canals. Water and total sulfur mass balances indicated that total sulfur released by soil oxidation. Lake Okeechobee and agricultural application were the major sources contributing 49,169, 35,217 and 11,775 mtons year(-1), respectively. Total sulfur loads from groundwater, levees, and atmospheric deposition contributed to a lesser extent: 4055: 5858 and 4229 mtons year(-1) respectively. Total sulfur leaving the EAA into Water Conservation Areas (WCAs) through canal discharge was estimated at 116,360 mtons year(-1), and total sulfur removed by sugarcane harvest accounted for 23,182 mtons year(-1). Furthermore, a rise in the mineral content and pH of the EAA soil over time, suggested that the current rates of sulfur application would increase as the buffer capacity of the soil increases. Therefore, a site specific numeric criterion for sulfate of 1 mg L(-1) was recommended for the protection of the Everglades; above this level, mercury methylation is enhanced. In parallel, sulfide concentrations in the EAA exceeded the 2 mu g L(-1) criterion for surface water already established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Corrales, Juliana; Naja, Ghinwa M.; Rivero, Rosanna G.] Everglades Fdn, Dept Sci, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA.
[Dziuba, Catherine] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Orem, William] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Naja, GM (reprint author), Everglades Fdn, Dept Sci, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA.
EM mnaja@evergladesfoundation.org
OI Rivero, Rosanna/0000-0002-9896-3678
FU Bailey Wildlife Foundation; Batchelor Foundation; Darden Foundation
FX The authors thank the Bailey Wildlife Foundation, the Batchelor
Foundation, and the Darden Foundation for their financial support. The
authors also thank the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD)
for the DBHYDRO data used in this study.
NR 42
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD MAY 1
PY 2011
VL 409
IS 11
BP 2156
EP 2162
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.030
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 757DW
UT WOS:000290066000018
PM 21439608
ER
PT J
AU Ralston-Hooper, KJ
Sanchez, BC
Adamec, J
Sepulveda, MS
AF Ralston-Hooper, Kimberly J.
Sanchez, Brian C.
Adamec, Jiri
Sepulveda, Maria S.
TI PROTEOMICS IN AQUATIC AMPHIPODS: CAN IT BE USED TO DETERMINE MECHANISMS
OF TOXICITY AND INTERSPECIES RESPONSES AFTER EXPOSURE TO ATRAZINE?
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Proteomics; Diporeia; Hyalella; Atrazine; Desethylatrazine
ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE
DEHYDROGENASE; PROTEIN-METABOLISM; CADMIUM; TISSUES; STRESS;
INVERTEBRATES; HORMESIS; ENZYMES
AB Proteomics has gained popularity in the field of ecotoxicology as a holistic tool for unraveling novel mechanisms of toxicity and elucidating subtle effects of contaminant exposure. The holoarctic amphipod Diporeia spp. is declining at precipitous rates in the Great Lakes, and we are evaluating the use of the well-studied amphipod model Hyalella azteca as a surrogate for Diporeia spp. This article presents proteomics data from both amphipod species exposed to atrazine (ATZ) and one of its metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA; 3 and 30 mu g/L, for 21 and 42 d). We used a proteomics approach to determine whether these two species of amphipods responded similarly to the same chemicals and to understand better the mechanisms of toxicity of ATz and DEA in aquatic invertebrates. We observed disruption in energy production and mitochondrial function as well as hormesis in exposed organisms. In addition, we identified a two proteins (GAPDH and HSP 90 kDa) that have been linked to hormonal disruptions, suggesting potential endocrine disruption. Finally, we found that H. azteca and Diporeia spp. responded with similar proteomic profiles after ATZ and DEA exposure, suggesting that H. azteca may be used as a surrogate model organism for Diporeia spp. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1197-1203. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Ralston-Hooper, Kimberly J.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA.
[Sanchez, Brian C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO USA.
[Adamec, Jiri] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA.
RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM mssepulv@purdue.edu
RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014
NR 42
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 5
BP 1197
EP 1203
DI 10.1002/etc.475
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 753ZP
UT WOS:000289820400023
PM 21309028
ER
PT J
AU Rattner, BA
Horak, KE
Warner, SE
Day, DD
Meteyer, CU
Volker, SF
Eisemann, JD
Johnston, JJ
AF Rattner, Barnett A.
Horak, Katherine E.
Warner, Sarah E.
Day, Daniel D.
Meteyer, Carol U.
Volker, Steven F.
Eisemann, John D.
Johnston, John J.
TI ACUTE TOXICITY, HISTOPATHOLOGY, AND COAGULOPATHY IN AMERICAN KESTRELS
(FALCO SPARVERIUS) FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF THE RODENTICIDE
DIPHACINONE
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Anticoagulant rodenticides; Birds; Clotting time; Diphacinone; Secondary
poisoning
ID ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES; NEW-ZEALAND; NEW-YORK; BRODIFACOUM;
WILDLIFE; WARFARIN; RAPTORS; BIRDS
AB The acute oral toxicity of the anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone was found to be over 20 times greater in American kestrels (Falco sparverius; median lethal dose 96.8 mg/kg body weight) compared with Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Modest evidence of internal bleeding was observed at necropsy, although histological examination of heart, liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and skeletal muscle revealed hemorrhage over a wide range of doses (35.1-675 mg/kg). Residue analysis suggests that the half-life of diphacinone in the liver of kestrels that survived was relatively short, with the majority of the dose cleared within 7 d of exposure. Several precise and sensitive clotting assays (prothrombin time, Russell's viper venom time, thrombin clotting time) were adapted for use in this species, and oral administration of diphacinone at 50 mg/kg increased prothrombin time and Russell's viper venom time at 48 and 96 h postdose compared with controls. Prolongation of in vitro clotting time reflects impaired coagulation complex activity, and generally corresponded with the onset of overt signs of toxicity and lethality. in view of the toxicity and risk evaluation data derived from American kestrels, the involvement of diphacinone in some raptor mortality events, and the paucity of threshold effects data following short-term dietary exposure for birds of prey, additional feeding trials with captive raptors are warranted to characterize more fully the risk of secondary poisoning. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:1213-1222. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Rattner, Barnett A.; Warner, Sarah E.; Day, Daniel D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Horak, Katherine E.; Volker, Steven F.; Eisemann, John D.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Meteyer, Carol U.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Johnston, John J.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM brattner@usgs.gov
FU U.S Department of Agriculture; U.S. Geological Survey; California
Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest Control Research
Advisory Committee [07-0832]
FX The authors thank Wayne C. Bauer and Mary E. Maxey for animal care;
Joann Beaver, Nimish B. Vyas, and Gary H. Heinz for suggestions related
to dosing of kestrels; J. Christian Franson and Lesanna L. Lahner for
help with preliminary studies; Marjory 13. Brooks for guidance on the
development of clotting assays; and Rebecca S. Lazarus for assistance
with some statistical analyses. This work was supported by the U.S
Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Geological Survey, and a grant from
the California Department of Food and Agriculture Vertebrate Pest
Control Research Advisory Committee (agreement 07-0832). Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
NR 38
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 23
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 5
BP 1213
EP 1222
DI 10.1002/etc.490
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 753ZP
UT WOS:000289820400025
PM 21337606
ER
PT J
AU Touchan, R
Woodhouse, CA
Meko, DM
Allen, C
AF Touchan, Ramzi
Woodhouse, Connie A.
Meko, David M.
Allen, Craig
TI Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New
Mexico, reveals changing drought signal
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE drought; dendrohydrology; reconstruction
ID TREE-RING WIDTHS; DIE-OFF; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; PACIFIC; WINTER; OCEAN;
ENSO; FLOW; USA
AB Drought is a recurring phenomenon in the American Southwest. Since the frequency and severity of hydrologic droughts and other hydroclimatic events are of critical importance to the ecology and rapidly growing human population of this region, knowledge of long-term natural hydroclimatic variability is valuable for resource managers and policy-makers. An October-June precipitation reconstruction for the period AD 824-2007 was developed from multicentury tree-ring records of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pinus strobiformis (Southwestern white pine) and Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa pine) for the Jemez Mountains in Northern New Mexico. Calibration and verification statistics for the period 1896-2007 show a high level of skill, and account for a significant portion of the observed variance (> 50%) irrespective of which period is used to develop or verify the regression model. Split-sample validation supports our use of a reconstruction model based on the full period of reliable observational data (1896-2007). A recent segment of the reconstruction (2000-2006) emerges as the driest 7-year period sensed by the trees in the entire record. That this period was only moderately dry in precipitation anomaly likely indicates accentuated stress from other factors, such as warmer temperatures. Correlation field maps of actual and reconstructed October-June total precipitation, sea surface temperatures and 500-mb geopotential heights show characteristics that are similar to those indicative of El Nino-Southern Oscillation patterns, particularly with regard to ocean and atmospheric conditions in the equatorial and north Pacific. Our 1184-year reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability provides long-term perspective on current and 20th century wet and dry events in Northern New Mexico, is useful to guide expectations of future variability, aids sustainable water management, provides scenarios for drought planning and as inputs for hydrologic models under a broader range of conditions than those provided by historical climate records. Copyright (c) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Touchan, Ramzi; Meko, David M.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Allen, Craig] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
RP Touchan, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM rtouchan@ltrr.arizona.edu
FU USGS Biological Resources Discipline; Global Change Research Program;
Western Mountain Initiative [04HQAG0121]
FX We thank Mark Losleben, Irina Panyushkina, Kay Beeley, Rebecca Oertel,
Ellis Margolis and Andrew Goumas for their valuable assistance in the
field; Julie Wong for her assistance in sample preparation and
measurement. Funding was provided by the USGS Biological Resources
Discipline, Global Change Research Program, Western Mountain Initiative
(Award No. 04HQAG0121).
NR 58
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0899-8418
J9 INT J CLIMATOL
JI Int. J. Climatol.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 6
BP 896
EP 906
DI 10.1002/joc.2117
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 752MQ
UT WOS:000289696200008
ER
PT J
AU Miller, ME
Belote, RT
Bowker, MA
Garman, SL
AF Miller, Mark E.
Belote, R. Travis
Bowker, Matthew A.
Garman, Steven L.
TI Alternative states of a semiarid grassland ecosystem: implications for
ecosystem services
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE biological soil crusts; Bromus tectorum; Colorado Plateau; drylands;
dust; ecosystem services; functional groups; livestock grazing;
resilience; state and transition model; wind erosion
AB Ecosystems can shift between alternative states characterized by persistent differences in structure, function, and capacity to provide ecosystem services valued by society. We examined empirical evidence for alternative states in a semiarid grassland ecosystem where topographic complexity and contrasting management regimes have led to spatial variations in levels of livestock grazing. Using an inventory data set, we found that plots (n = 72) cluster into three groups corresponding to generalized alternative states identified in an a priori conceptual model. One cluster (biocrust) is notable for high coverage of a biological soil crust functional group in addition to vascular plants. Another (grass-bare) lacks biological crust but retains perennial grasses at levels similar to the biocrust cluster. A third (annualized-bare) is dominated by invasive annual plants. Occurrence of grass-bare and annualized-bare conditions in areas where livestock have been excluded for over 30 years demonstrates the persistence of these states. Significant differences among all three clusters were found for percent bare ground, percent total live cover, and functional group richness. Using data for vegetation structure and soil erodibility, we also found large among-cluster differences in average levels of dust emissions predicted by a wind-erosion model. Predicted emissions were highest for the annualized-bare cluster and lowest for the biocrust cluster, which was characterized by zero or minimal emissions even under conditions of extreme wind. Results illustrate potential trade-offs among ecosystem services including livestock production, soil retention, carbon storage, and biodiversity conservation. Improved understanding of these trade-offs may assist ecosystem managers when evaluating alternative management strategies.
C1 [Miller, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Kanab, UT 84741 USA.
[Belote, R. Travis; Bowker, Matthew A.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Garman, Steven L.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Miller, ME (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Southeast Utah Grp, 2282 Southwest Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
EM mark_e_miller@nps.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey (Southwest Biological Science Center, Status and
Trends of Biological Resources Program, and Global Change Program);
Nature Conservancy of Utah; National Park Service
FX Funding support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (Southwest
Biological Science Center, Status and Trends of Biological Resources
Program, and Global Change Program), The Nature Conservancy of Utah, and
the National Park Service. Additional logistical support was provided by
the Bureau of Land Management. We thank Rebecca Mann, Mary Moran,
Hillary Hudson, Ralph Ferrara, and Ole Bye for assistance with field
work and data management. Jayne Belnap provided wind-tunnel data.
Brandon Bestelmeyer, David Eldridge, Barry Baker, Seth Munson, Nichole
Barger, and Jack Morgan provided comments that improved the quality of
the manuscript. We thank Vicki Webster for editorial assistance. Any use
of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 72
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 7
U2 48
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 5
AR UNSP 55
DI 10.1890/ES11-00027.1
PG 18
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30IV
UT WOS:000208810600003
ER
PT J
AU Ruiz-Gutierrez, V
Zipkin, EF
AF Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana
Zipkin, Elise F.
TI Detection biases yield misleading patterns of species persistence and
colonization in fragmented landscapes
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE biodiversity conservation; detectability; hierarchical model;
human-modified landscapes; multispecies models; occupancy;
presence-absence; tropical birds
AB Species occurrence patterns, and related processes of persistence, colonization and turnover, are increasingly being used to infer habitat suitability, predict species distributions, and measure biodiversity potential. The majority of these studies do not account for observational error in their analyses despite growing evidence suggesting that the sampling process can significantly influence species detection and subsequently, estimates of occurrence. We examined the potential biases of species occurrence patterns that can result from differences in detectability across species and habitat types using hierarchical multispecies occupancy models applied to a tropical bird community in an agricultural fragmented landscape. Our results suggest that detection varies widely among species and habitat types. Not incorporating detectability severely biased occupancy dynamics for many species by overestimating turnover rates, producing misleading patterns of persistence and colonization of agricultural habitats, and misclassifying species into ecological categories (i.e., forest specialists and generalists). This is of serious concern, given that most research on the ability of agricultural lands to maintain current levels of biodiversity by and large does not correct for differences in detectability. We strongly urge researchers to apply an inferential framework which explicitly account for differences in detectability to fully characterize species-habitat relationships, correctly guide biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes, and generate more accurate predictions of species responses to future changes in environmental conditions.
C1 [Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Zipkin, Elise F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Ruiz-Gutierrez, Viviana] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
RP Ruiz-Gutierrez, V (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM vruizg@colostate.edu
FU Guani Family Fellowship in Conservation Biology; Cornell Latin American
Studies Program Tinker Foundation Research Grant; NSF-DDEP
[OISE-0631735]
FX We are grateful to Andy Royle for all of his guidance and support. We
thank Wesley Hochachka, Paul Doherty and his Lab group, Larissa Bailey,
Bill Fagan, Evan Grant, Beth Gardner, Marc Kery and an anonymous
reviewer for their input on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This work
was funded by the Guani Family Fellowship in Conservation Biology, the
Cornell Latin American Studies Program Tinker Foundation Research Grant,
and an NSF-DDEP (number OISE-0631735) to VRG.
NR 57
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 16
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 5
AR UNSP 61
DI 10.1890/ES10-00207.1
PG 14
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30IV
UT WOS:000208810600009
ER
PT J
AU Zelikova, TJ
Sanders, NJ
Dunn, RR
AF Zelikova, Tamara J.
Sanders, Nathan J.
Dunn, Robert R.
TI The mixed effects of experimental ant removal on seedling distribution,
belowground invertebrates, and soil nutrients
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE ant removal; Aphaenogaster rudis; ecosystem processes; Hexastylis
arifolia; multi-species interactions; seed dispersal; soil nutrient
dynamics
AB Ants are ubiquitous members of most forest communities, where they disperse seeds, prey on other species, and influence the flow of nutrients. Their effects are often described as substantial, but few studies to date have simultaneously examined how the presence of ants affects both above and belowground processes. In this study, we experimentally reduced ant abundance in a suite of deciduous forest plots in northern Georgia, USA to assess the effects of ants on the spatial distribution of a common understory plant species, Hexastlylis arifolia, the structure of soil mesofaunal communities, and soil nitrogen dynamics. Over the course of several years, the removal of ants led to significant spatial aggregation of H. arifolia seedlings near the parent plant, most likely due to the absence of the keystone seed dispersal species, Aphaenogaster rudis. Seedling emergence was higher in ant removal plots, but seedling aggregation did not affect first or second year seedling mortality. Ammonium concentrations were 103 higher in ant removal plots relative to control plots where ants were present in the first year of the study, but this increase disappeared in the second and third years of the study. The effects of ant removal on the soil mesofauna were mixed: removal of ants apparently did not affect the abundance of Collembola, but the abundance of oribatid mites was significantly higher in ant removal plots by year two of the study. Taken together, these results provide some of the first experimental evidence of the diverse direct and indirect effects of ants on both above and belowground processes in forest ecosystems and demonstrate the potential consequences of losing an important seed dispersing ant species for the plants they disperse.
C1 [Zelikova, Tamara J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sanders, Nathan J.] Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Dunn, Robert R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Zelikova, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, 2290 W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
EM jzelikova@usgs.gov
FU Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Walker Van Riper Museum
Grant from the Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado
FX This study is part of the PhD dissertation of TJZ at the University of
Colorado - Boulder and was financially supported by the Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Walker Van Riper Museum Grant
from the Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado. We would
like to thank Dr. Ron Pulliam from the University of Georgia and Dr.
Itamar Giladi from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for help in
designing this study. We would also like to thank Kali Blevins, Jeffrey
McClenahan, and Dr. Ernest Bernard for assistance in identifying
Collembola specimens. We also thank Lara Souza and Michael Breed for
their helpful comments on this manuscript.
NR 61
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 18
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 5
AR UNSP 63
DI 10.1890/ES11-00073.1
PG 14
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30IV
UT WOS:000208810600011
ER
PT J
AU Walls, SC
Waddle, JH
Dorazio, RM
AF Walls, Susan C.
Waddle, J. Hardin
Dorazio, Robert M.
TI Estimating Occupancy Dynamics in an Anuran Assemblage From Louisiana,
USA
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE amphibians; call surveys; colonization; extinction; Lousiana; occupancy
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; SPECIES RICHNESS;
DETECTION PROBABILITIES; DETECTABILITY; EXTINCTION; COLONIZATION;
CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; TURNOVER
AB Effective monitoring programs are designed to track changes in the distribution, occurrence, and abundance of species. We developed an extension of Royle and Kery's (2007) single species model to estimate simultaneously temporal changes in probabilities of detection, occupancy, colonization, extinction, and species turnover using data on calling anuran amphibians, collected from 2002 to 2006 in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Louisiana, USA. During our 5-year study, estimates of occurrence probabilities declined for all 12 species detected. These declines occurred primarily in conjunction with variation in estimates of local extinction probabilities (cajun chorus frog [Pseudacris fouquettei], spring peeper [P. crucifer], northern cricket frog [Acris crepitans], Cope's gray treefrog [Hyla chrysoscelis], green treefrog [H. cinerea], squirrel treefrog [H. squirella], southern leopard frog [Lithobates sphenocephalus], bronze frog [L. clamitans], American bullfrog [L. catesbeianus], and Fowler's toad [Anaxyrus fowleri]). For 2 species (eastern narrow-mouthed toad [Gastrophryne carolinensis] and Gulf Coast toad [Incilius nebulifer]), declines in occupancy appeared to be a consequence of both increased local extinction and decreased colonization events. The eastern narrow-mouthed toad experienced a 2.5-fold increase in estimates of occupancy in 2004, possibly because of the high amount of rainfall received during that year, along with a decrease in extinction and increase in colonization of new sites between 2003 and 2004. Our model can be incorporated into monitoring programs to estimate simultaneously the occupancy dynamics for multiple species that show similar responses to ecological conditions. It will likely be an important asset for those monitoring programs that employ the same methods to sample assemblages of ecologically similar species, including those that are rare. By combining information from multiple species to decrease the variance on estimates of individual species, our results are advantageous compared to single-species models. This feature enables managers and researchers to use an entire community, rather than just one species, as an ecological indicator in monitoring programs. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Walls, Susan C.; Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
[Waddle, J. Hardin] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
EM swalls@usgs.gov
RI Waddle, Hardin/D-3845-2009;
OI Waddle, Hardin/0000-0003-1940-2133; Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155
FU United States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring
Initiative
FX We thank J. Beck, J. Doherty, D. Drake, W. Hedge, S. Hill, S. Hunnicutt,
R. Moss, K. Roberts, J. Sullivan, and K. Wharton for assistance in
conducting call surveys. Figure 1 was constructed by B. Glorioso. We
thank J. Mitchell for insightful discussions and W. J. Barichivich for
manuscript assistance. Comments, advice, and suggestions of A. J. Kroll
and anonymous reviewers greatly improved the clarity of the manuscript.
Funding was provided by the United States Geological Survey's Amphibian
Research and Monitoring Initiative. Any use of trade, product, or firm
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the United States Government. This is contribution 366 of the United
States Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative
(ARMI).
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PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 4
BP 751
EP 761
DI 10.1002/jwmg.97
PG 11
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 779YM
UT WOS:000291818100001
ER
PT J
AU McRoberts, JT
Butler, MJ
Ballard, WB
Whitlaw, HA
Haukos, DA
Wallace, MC
AF McRoberts, Jon T.
Butler, Matthew J.
Ballard, Warren B.
Whitlaw, Heather A.
Haukos, David A.
Wallace, Mark C.
TI Detectability of Lesser Prairie-Chicken Leks: A Comparison of Surveys
From Aircraft
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE aerial survey; detectability; fixed-wing aircraft; helicopter; lek;
lesser prairie-chicken; New Mexico; Texas; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus
ID TYMPANUCHUS-PALLIDICINCTUS; AERIAL SURVEYS; SAGE-GROUSE; GREATER;
HELICOPTERS; ATTENDANCE; ABUNDANCE; COLORADO; NUMBERS; INDEX
AB Lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) are traditionally monitored by spring road-based lek surveys and counts of males attending leks. Several weaknesses exist with ground-based monitoring methods such as the bias of restricting surveys to roads, unknown probability of lek detection, and man-hours required to survey large tracts of habitat. We evaluated aerial surveys to locate lesser prairie-chicken leks in Texas and New Mexico using a Cessna 172 airplane (C172), R-22 Beta II helicopter (R-22), and R-44 Raven II helicopter (R-44) during spring 2007-2008. We determined lek activity during surveys with remote cameras placed on leks and cross-referenced time on the photo frame to time on our Global Positioning System flight log. From remote cameras we found that 305 leks were available for detection during survey flights. We determined lek detectability was 32.7% (95% CI = 20.3-47.1%) in the C172, 72.3% (64.50-79.14%) in the R-22, and 89.8% (82.0-95.0%) in the R-44. We created 16 a priori logistic regression models incorporating aircraft platform, distance to lek, survey date, lek size, and lek type to explain lek detection from aerial surveys. Our top ranked model included platform, distance, and lek type (model weight; w(i) = 0.288). We had four competitive models and model averaged to draw inferences. Model averaging showed that detectability was generally greatest with the R-44, followed by the R-22, and lowest with the C172, with a slight deviation from this ranking at increased distances. Within our transect width, model averaging also suggested that detectability decreased as distance from the transect to the lek increased during helicopter surveys, and detectability increased as distance from the transect to the lek increased during C172 surveys. Furthermore, man-made leks were more likely to be detected than natural leks and large leks were more likely to be detected than medium or small leks. Aerial surveys effectively locate new leks and monitor lek density, and alleviate weaknesses associated with ground-based monitoring. We recommend using the R-44 to conduct lek surveys while flying at an altitude of 15 m at a speed of 60 km/hr on sunny mornings. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [McRoberts, Jon T.; Butler, Matthew J.; Ballard, Warren B.; Wallace, Mark C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Haukos, David A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP McRoberts, JT (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, POB 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM jon.mcroberts@ttu.edu
FU TPWD [W-126-R]
FX We thank J. Bonner, D. Lucia, D. Wright, C. Burch, and D. Holdstock,
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), for their commitment to the
success of this project. We also thank V. Bevill and R. Roegner, TPWD,
for their support in project funding by the Federal Aid in Wildlife
Restoration Act under Pittman-Robertson project W-126-R. J. Hughes,
USFWS, P. McDaniel, The Nature Conservancy, E. Jaquez and T. Allen,
United States Bureau of Land Management, offered valuable advice and
provided critical logistic support. We thank E. Bruns and L. (Rucker)
Parks for their assistance, and we thank pilot A. Wheatly for technical
guidance. We are grateful to the private landowners of Texas and New
Mexico for allowing us to survey for leks on their property. We
appreciate R. Herbert, A. Haskell, and J. Wallace for reviewing remote
camera data. We are grateful to the Houston Safari Club for their
financial support. We also thank Texas Tech University Department of
Natural Resources Management graduate and undergraduate students for
assistance with project field work.
NR 48
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 4
BP 771
EP 778
DI 10.1002/jwmg.116
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 779YM
UT WOS:000291818100003
ER
PT J
AU Miller, MW
Pearlstine, EV
Dorazio, RM
Mazzotti, FJ
AF Miller, Mark W.
Pearlstine, Elise V.
Dorazio, Robert M.
Mazzotti, Frank J.
TI Occupancy and Abundance of Wintering Birds in a Dynamic Agricultural
Landscape
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE common yellowthroat; edge effects; Everglades Agricultural Area; palm
warbler; point counts; site occupancy; sugarcane
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; OBSERVER DIFFERENCES; FARMLAND BIRDS; FIELD
MARGINS; UNITED-STATES; POINT COUNTS; POPULATIONS; SINKS; CONSERVATION;
ENVIRONMENT
AB Assessing wildlife management action requires monitoring populations, and abundance often is the parameter monitored. Recent methodological advances have enabled estimation of mean abundance within a habitat using presence-absence or count data obtained via repeated visits to a sample of sites. These methods assume populations are closed and intuitively assume habitats within sites change little during a field season. However, many habitats are highly variable over short periods. We developed a variation of existing occupancy and abundance models that allows for extreme spatio-temporal differences in habitat, and resulting changes in wildlife abundance, among sites and among visits to a site within a field season. We conducted our study in sugarcane habitat within the Everglades Agricultural Area southeast of Lake Okeechobee in south Florida. We counted wintering birds, primarily passerines, within 245 sites usually 5 times at each site during December 2006-March 2007. We estimated occupancy and mean abundance of birds in 6 vegetation states during the sugarcane harvest and allowed these parameters to vary temporally or spatially within a vegetation state. Occupancy and mean abundance of the common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) was affected by structure of sugarcane and uncultivated edge vegetation (occupancy = 1.00 [95% CI = 0.96-1.00] and mean abundance = 7.9 [95% CI = 3.2-19.5] in tall sugarcane with tall edge vegetation versus 0.20 [95% CI = 0.04-0.71] and 0.22 [95% CI = 0.04-1.2], respectively, in short sugarcane with short edge vegetation in one half of the study area). Occupancy and mean abundance of palm warblers (Dendroica palmarum) were constant (occupancy = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.69-1.00; mean abundance = 18, 95% CI = 1-270). Our model may enable wildlife managers to assess rigorously effects of future edge habitat management on avian distribution and abundance within agricultural landscapes during winter or the breeding season. The model may also help wildlife managers make similar management decisions involving other dynamic habitats such as wetlands, prairies, and even forested areas if forest management or fires occur during the field season. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Miller, Mark W.; Pearlstine, Elise V.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA.
[Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
RP Miller, MW (reprint author), 2006 NW 55th Ave,G-8, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
EM mark_wayne_miller@yahoo.com
RI Miller, Mark/F-6284-2015
OI Miller, Mark/0000-0003-4211-1393
FU Everglades Agricultural Area Environmental Protection District
FX We thank US Sugar, Okeelanta Corporation, King Ranch, and the Sugar Cane
Growers Cooperative of Florida for access to their property. Everglades
Agricultural Area Environmental Protection District provided partial
funding for our study. M. Chamberlain, D. Hanseder, J. Nichols, K. Rice,
S. Rosenstock, S. Sealy, P. Stouffer, F. Thompson, P. Vickery, and an
anonymous referee provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the
manuscript.
NR 52
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U1 3
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 4
BP 836
EP 847
DI 10.1002/jwmg.98
PG 12
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 779YM
UT WOS:000291818100010
ER
PT J
AU Gehring, J
Kerlinger, P
Manville, AM
AF Gehring, Joelle
Kerlinger, Paul
Manville, Albert M., II
TI The Role of Tower Height and Guy Wires on Avian Collisions With
Communication Towers
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE collision; communication tower height; guy wires; Michigan; neotropical
migratory songbird; unguyed or self-supported towers
ID BIRD MIGRATION; MORTALITY
AB Every year an estimated 4-5 million migratory birds collide with communication towers in the United States. We examined the relative risks that tower support systems and tower height pose to migrating and other birds. We collected data comparing tower support systems (guyed vs. unguyed) and tower height categories in Michigan during 20 days of the peak of songbird migration at 6 towers in September-October 2003, 23 towers in May 2004, 24 towers in September 2004, and 6 towers in both May and September 2005. We systematically and simultaneously searched for bird carcasses under each tower and measured carcass removal and observer detection rates each season. Of those towers, 21 were between 116 and 146 m above ground level (AGL, medium) and 3 were > 305 m AGL (tall). During the five 20-day sample periods we found a mean of 8.2 bird carcasses per guyed medium tower and a mean of 0.5 bird carcasses under unguyed medium towers. During four 20-day sample periods we detected a mean of 34.7 birds per guyed tall tower. Using both parametric and nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference multiple comparison procedure) we determined that unguyed medium towers were involved in significantly fewer fatalities than guyed medium towers. We detected 54-86% fewer fatalities at guyed medium towers than at guyed tall towers. We found 16 times more fatalities at guyed medium towers than at unguyed medium towers. Tall, guyed towers were responsible for 70 times as many bird fatalities as the unguyed medium towers and nearly five times as many as guyed medium towers. These findings will provide managers and regulators, such as the US Fish and Wildlife Service, with quantitative data; thereby, allowing them to effectively work with the Federal Communications Commission in siting and authorizing tower placement. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Gehring, Joelle] Michigan State Univ Extens, Lansing, MI 48909 USA.
[Kerlinger, Paul] Curry & Kerlinger LLC, Cape May Point, NJ 08212 USA.
[Manville, Albert M., II] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Gehring, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ Extens, Stevens T Mason Bldg,POB 30444, Lansing, MI 48909 USA.
EM gehringj@michigan.gov
FU Michigan State University-Michigan Natural Features Inventory, USFWS;
Curry Kerlinger, LLC; Michigan State Police; United States Forest
Service, Ornithological Council, MDNRE; Central Michigan University;
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; FAA, FCC; WEST, Inc.
FX We thank the many technicians who collected these data and the tower
operators who granted access to sites. The following organizations and
agencies provided support: Michigan State University-Michigan Natural
Features Inventory, USFWS (sponsor), Curry & Kerlinger, LLC (sponsor),
Michigan State Police (sponsor), United States Forest Service,
Ornithological Council, MDNRE (sponsor), Central Michigan University
(sponsor), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (sponsor), FAA, FCC,
and WEST, Inc. We thank the reviewers of this project and manuscript
throughout its development and publishing.
NR 28
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 4
BP 848
EP 855
DI 10.1002/jwmg.99
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 779YM
UT WOS:000291818100011
ER
PT J
AU Turner, MM
Rockhill, AP
Deperno, CS
Jenks, JA
Klaver, RW
Jarding, AR
Grovenburg, TW
Pollock, KH
AF Turner, Melissa M.
Rockhill, Aimee P.
Deperno, Christopher S.
Jenks, Jonathan A.
Klaver, Robert W.
Jarding, Angela R.
Grovenburg, Troy W.
Pollock, Kenneth H.
TI Evaluating the Effect of Predators on White-Tailed Deer: Movement and
Diet of Coyotes
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Canis latrans; coyotes; habitat selection; Minnesota; Odocoileus
virginianus; white-tailed deer
ID SOUTH-CENTRAL GEORGIA; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; FOOD-HABITS;
ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; CANIS LATRANS;
MULE DEER; SURVIVAL
AB Coyotes (Canis latrans) may affect adult and neonate white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) survival and have been implicated as a contributor to the decline of deer populations. Additionally, coyote diet composition is influenced by prey availability, season, and region. Because coyote movement and diet vary by region, local data are important to understand coyote population dynamics and their impact on prey species. In southeast Minnesota, we investigated the effect of coyotes on white-tailed deer populations by documenting movement rates, distances moved, and habitats searched by coyotes during fawning and nonfawning periods. Additionally, we determined survival, cause-specific mortality, and seasonal diet composition of coyotes. From 2001 to 2003, we captured and radiocollared 30 coyotes. Per-hour rate of movement averaged 0.87 km and was greater (P = 0.046) during the fawning (1.07 km) than the nonfawning period (0.80 km); areas searched were similar (P = 0.175) between seasons. Coyote habitat use differed during both seasons; habitats were not used in proportion to their availability (P < 0.001). Croplands were used more (P < 0.001) than their proportional availability during both seasons. Use of grasslands was greater during the fawning period (P = 0.030), whereas use of cropland was greater in the nonfawning period (P < 0.001). We collected 66 fecal samples during the nonfawning period; coyote diets were primarily composed of Microtus spp. (65.2%), and consumption of deer was 9.1%. During the study, 19 coyotes died; annual survival rate range was 0.33-0.41, which was low compared with other studies. Consumption of deer was low and coyotes searched open areas (i.e., cropland) more than fawning areas with dense cover. These factors in addition to high coyote mortality suggested that coyote predation was not likely limiting white-tailed deer populations in southeast Minnesota. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Turner, Melissa M.; Rockhill, Aimee P.; Deperno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Jenks, Jonathan A.; Jarding, Angela R.; Grovenburg, Troy W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Klaver, Robert W.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Turner, MM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM mmturner@ncsu.edu
RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012
FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; South Dakota State
University; Minnesota Deer Hunters Association; Bluffland Whitetails
Association; Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc.; Minnesota State Archery
Association I; North Country Bowhunters Chapter of Safari Club
International; Whitetail Institute of North America
FX Funding for this study was provided by Minnesota Department of Natural
Resources, South Dakota State University, Bend of the River Chapter of
Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Bluffland Whitetails Association,
Cottonwood County Game and Fish League, Des Moines Valley Chapter of
Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc.,
Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, Minnesota State Archery Association
I, North Country Bowhunters Chapter of Safari Club International,
RumRiver Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, South Metro
Chapter of Minnesota Deer Hunters Association, and Whitetail Institute
of North America. In addition, we would like to thank all technicians
and volunteers who assisted during the capture. We thank S. D. Gehrt and
T. E. Gosselink for helpful comments on an earlier version of the
manuscript. Any mention of trade, product or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United
States Government.
NR 97
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U1 9
U2 69
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 4
BP 905
EP 912
DI 10.1002/jwmg.109
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 779YM
UT WOS:000291818100017
ER
PT J
AU Hallmann, N
Schone, BR
Irvine, GV
Burchell, M
Cokelet, ED
Hilton, MR
AF Hallmann, Nadine
Schoene, Bernd R.
Irvine, Gail V.
Burchell, Meghan
Cokelet, Edward D.
Hilton, Michael R.
TI AN IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT: THE APPLICATION
OF A BIVALVE GROWTH-TEMPERATURE MODEL TO RECONSTRUCT
FRESHWATER-INFLUENCED PALEOENVIRONMENTS
SO PALAIOS
LA English
DT Article
ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MOLLUSK CHIONE-CORTEZI;
GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS;
ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NORTHERN GULF; SCLEROCHRONOLOGICAL RECORDS;
PHACOSOMA-JAPONICUM; MARINE CARBONATES
AB Shells of intertidal bivalve mollusks contain sub-seasonally to inter-annually resolved records of temperature and salinity variations in coastal settings. Such data are essential to understand changing land-sea interactions through time, specifically atmospheric (precipitation rate, glacial meltwater, river discharge) and oceanographic circulation patterns; however, independent temperature and salinity proxies are currently not available. We established a model for reconstructing daily water temperatures with an average standard error of similar to 1.3 degrees C based on variations in the width of lunar daily growth increments of Saxidomus gigantea from southwestern Alaska, United States. Temperature explains 70% of the variability in shell growth. When used in conjunction with stable oxygen isotope data, this approach can also be used to identify changes in past seawater salinity. This study provides a better understanding of the hydrological changes related to the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC). In combination with delta O-18(shell) values, increment-derived temperatures were used to estimate salinity changes with an average error of 1.4 +/- 1.1 PSU. Our model was calibrated and tested with modern shells and then applied to archaeological specimens. As derived from the model, the time interval of 988-1447 cal yr BP was characterized by similar to 1-2 degrees C colder and much drier (2-5 PSU) summers. During that time, the ACC was likely flowing much more slowly than at present. In contrast, between 599-1014 cal yr BP, the Aleutian low may have been stronger, which resulted in a 3 degrees C temperature decrease during summers and 1-2 PSU fresher conditions than today; the ACC was probably flowing more quickly at that time. The shell growth temperature model can be used to estimate seasonal to interannual salinity and temperature changes in freshwater-influenced environments through time.
C1 [Hallmann, Nadine; Schoene, Bernd R.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Dept Appl & Analyt Paleontol INCREMENTS, Earth Syst Sci Res Ctr, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Irvine, Gail V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Burchell, Meghan] McMaster Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
[Cokelet, Edward D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Hilton, Michael R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cotsen Inst Archaeol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Hallmann, N (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Dept Appl & Analyt Paleontol INCREMENTS, Earth Syst Sci Res Ctr, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
EM meiern@uni-mainz.de
RI Schone, Bernd/B-6294-2011
FU German Research Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG [SCHO
793/3]; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council; U.S. Geological Survey;
U.S. National Park Service
FX Financial support for this study was provided by the German Research
Foundation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG (SCHO 793/3) to BRS;
the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, the U.S. Geological Survey,
and the U.S. National Park Service to GVI. Any mention of trade names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not represent endorsement by the
U.S. government. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature data
(NCEP/DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis, "skin temperature") were provided by the
Physical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA,
Boulder, Colorado, from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/). GAKI
salinity data came from the Institute of Marine Science at the
University of Alaska Fairbanks (http://www.ims.uaf.edu). We kindly thank
Jens Fiebig (University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany) and Christopher
S. Romanek (University of Kentucky, United States) for conducting most
of the isotope analyses of carbonates and water, respectively. Thanks
also to Kazushige Tanabe and Marta E. Torres for reviews of the draft
manuscript. We are grateful for suggestions by two anonymous reviewers
and Associate Editor Adam Tomasovych, which significantly improved the
quality of the manuscript. This is contribution number 3662 from the
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA.
NR 82
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U1 2
U2 11
PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY
PI TULSA
PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA
SN 0883-1351
EI 1938-5323
J9 PALAIOS
JI Palaios
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5-6
BP 346
EP 363
DI 10.2110/palo.2010.p10-151r
PG 18
WC Geology; Paleontology
SC Geology; Paleontology
GA 786YC
UT WOS:000292342800009
ER
PT J
AU Killgore, KJ
Miranda, LE
Murphy, CE
Wolff, DM
Hoover, JJ
Keevin, TM
Maynord, ST
Cornish, MA
AF Killgore, K. Jack
Miranda, L. E.
Murphy, Catherine E.
Wolff, Douglas M.
Hoover, Jan Jeffrey
Keevin, Thomas M.
Maynord, Steven T.
Cornish, Mark A.
TI Fish Entrainment Rates through Towboat Propellers in the Upper
Mississippi and Illinois Rivers
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MAIN CHANNEL; NAVIGATION; ABUNDANCE; MORTALITY; SYSTEM; LIFE
AB A specially designed net was used to study fish entrainment and injury through towboat propellers in 13 pools of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers. The net was attached to the stern of a 48.8-m-long towboat with twin propellers (in Kort propulsion nozzles), and sampling typically took place while the towboat pushed 15 loaded barges upstream at a time. In total, 254 entrainment samples over 894 km of the 13 study pools were collected. The sampling efforts produced 16,005 fish representing 15 families and at least 44 species; fish ranged in total length from 3 to 123 cm, but only 12.5-cm or longer fish were analyzed because smaller fish could escape through the mesh of the trawl. Clupeidae (68% of total catch) and Sciaenidae (21%) were the dominant families. We detected no effects of towboat operation variables (speed and engine [i.e., propeller] revolutions per minute [RPM]) on entrainment rate (i.e., fish/km), but entrainment rate showed a wedge-shaped distribution relative to hydraulic and geomorphic characteristics of the channel. Entrainment rate was low (< 1 fish/km) in wide sections of the river, deep water, and swift current (or time periods characterized by faster flow); however, entrainment in narrow sections with shallow, slow water was highly variable and occasionally reached high levels (> 30 fish/km). Although total entrainment rate was not related to engine RPM, the probability of being struck by a propeller increased with fish length and engine RPM. Limits on engine RPM in narrow, shallow, and sluggish reaches could reduce entrainment impact, particularly for large-bodied fish.
C1 [Killgore, K. Jack; Hoover, Jan Jeffrey; Maynord, Steven T.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
[Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Murphy, Catherine E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Wolff, Douglas M.] Elliott Bay Design Grp, Seattle, WA 98107 USA.
[Keevin, Thomas M.] USA, Corps Engineers, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.
[Cornish, Mark A.] USA, Corps Engineers, Rock Isl, IL 61299 USA.
RP Killgore, KJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
EM jack.killgore@usace.army.mil
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District
FX Steven George, Bradley Lewis, Bill Lancaster, and Jay Collins (Engineer
Research and Development Center) assisted in all phases of the field
study. Wendy Taylor (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Pascagoula, Mississippi) designed and constructed the net with
assistance from John Watson and Jack Forrester (National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration). Steve Parrish (S&S Trawl Shop) provided
valuable modifications to the net. Port Captain Raymond Hopkins (Archer
Daniels Midland Corporation [ADM]) provided logistical assistance and
was extremely helpful in scheduling the availability of the MV American
Beauty. Captain Rennie Kienitz (ADM) provided invaluable support and
expertise in setting up and conducting the study. Chief Engineer Donnie
Collins (ADM) developed modifications to the trawling gantry that
substantially improved trawling efficiency and safety. Other ADM
personnel who provided important assistance on the MV American Beauty
included Hank Magnus, Tom Jacobsen, Leroy Foley, Jacob Sowers, and Wes
Tutor. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Rock Island District funded this
study. The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising,
publication, or promotional purposes. Reference to trade names does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. All product names and
trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The
findings of this report are not to be construed as an official
Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized
documents. Permission to publish this document was granted by the Chief
of Engineers.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 3
BP 570
EP 581
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.581977
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 779WV
UT WOS:000291813800005
ER
PT J
AU Chen, YJ
Childs, MR
Keeler-Foster, C
AF Chen, Yongjiu
Childs, Michael R.
Keeler-Foster, Connie
TI Evaluation of Woundfin Augmentation Efforts in the Virgin River by
Estimation of Admixture Proportions
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE;
PLAGOPTERUS-ARGENTISSIMUS; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; INFERENCE; MARKERS; WILD;
INTROGRESSION; CONSERVATION; SIMULATION
AB The woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus is imperiled as a result of habitat destruction, water diversion, and the introduction of nonnative species. Augmentation of wild woundfin populations in the Utah portion of the Virgin River with fish from Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center (Dexter Hatchery) began in 2003. We used 10 microsatellite DNA loci to determine whether captive woundfins are contributing to recruitment in the Virgin River. Admixture analyses based on moment estimators, maximum likelihood, frequency, and Bayesian approaches indicated that the genetic contribution of Dexter Hatchery's woundfin augmentation stocking to 2005 recruitment in the Virgin River was 35-46% in the Washington Fields Diversion reach and 43-59% in the area of the Quail Creek Reservoir inflow. Salvaged wild parental stock was mixed with the captive broodstock at Dexter Hatchery in 2004 and had a genetic contribution of 26-49% to the offspring reared at Dexter Hatchery in 2005. Care must be taken to ensure the genetic integrity of stocked fish as the potential impact on the augmented population can be substantial. These results demonstrate that genetic markers used to infer gene flow (via admixture analysis) from the captive population to the wild population can be applied to determine the effectiveness of hatchery propagation programs and to monitor genetic similarity between wild and stocked fish.
C1 [Chen, Yongjiu] Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
[Childs, Michael R.] US Forest Serv, Sedona, AZ 86351 USA.
[Keeler-Foster, Connie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA.
RP Chen, YJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
EM yongjiu.chen@gmail.com
FU Virgin River Resource Management and Recovery Program; Dexter Hatchery
FX We are grateful to the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and the
Virgin River Resource Management and Recovery Program (St. George, Utah)
for providing woundfin samples from the Virgin River. We thank Dave
Hampton, Krista Heideman, William Knight, and Karin Eldridge for their
assistance in woundfin sampling at Dexter Hatchery (U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service). Anthony Echelle, Alice Echelle, Manuel Ulibarri,
Steve Meismer, Roger Hamman, and two anonymous reviewers provided
critical and insightful comments on the manuscript. We thank Anthony
Reisinger for his generous help with the digital map. This research was
funded and supported by the Virgin River Resource Management and
Recovery Program and Dexter Hatchery. The findings and conclusions in
this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent
the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade
names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 3
BP 598
EP 604
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.583539
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 779WV
UT WOS:000291813800008
ER
PT J
AU Teel, DJ
Narum, SR
Olsen, JB
Utter, FM
AF Teel, David J.
Narum, Shawn R.
Olsen, Jeffrey B.
Utter, Fred M.
TI Introduction to a Special Section: Genetic Adaptation of Natural
Salmonid Populations
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; SOCKEYE-SALMON;
CHINOOK SALMON; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS;
RAINBOW-TROUT; POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; JUVENILE
MIGRATION
C1 [Teel, David J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
[Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA.
[Olsen, Jeffrey B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Utter, Fred M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Teel, DJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 3
BP 659
EP 664
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.583537
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 779WV
UT WOS:000291813800014
ER
PT J
AU Smith, CT
Engle, R
AF Smith, Christian T.
Engle, Rod
TI Persistent Reproductive Isolation between Sympatric Lineages of Fall
Chinook Salmon in White Salmon River, Washington
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COLUMBIA-RIVER;
OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PINK SALMON;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DATA; TSHAWYTSCHA; HYBRIDS
AB Populations of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Columbia River are divided among two evolutionarily significant units: lower Columbia River fall Chinook salmon (or "tules") in the lower portion of the river and upriver "brights" (URBs) in the upper portion. The two lineages migrate together through portions of the lower Columbia River but spawn allopatrically. Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery has been releasing URBs adjacent to what was historically exclusively tule spawning habitat in the White Salmon River for approximately 22 years. Tules and URBs now spawn in sympatry in the adjacent White Salmon River, and potential introgression between these two lineages has been identified as a genetic risk of the hatchery program. To assess the extent of introgression, we analyzed 13 microsatellite loci in juveniles taken from the White Salmon River in three consecutive years. Assignment tests revealed that juveniles leaving the White Salmon River from March to early May resembled tules, while those leaving from late May to June resembled URBs. Model-based hybrid detection revealed that between 4.3% and 15.0% of the juveniles in each year were tule x URB hybrids. No hybrid adults were detected in any of the collections examined. The divergence between the tule and URB populations in the White Salmon River was comparable to that between allopatric populations representing the two lineages. Although hybrid juveniles are produced in the wild, we found no evidence that they survive to return as adults or successfully cross back into the parental populations. The separation between the two fall Chinook salmon lineages thus appears to be based on intrinsic as well as extrinsic factors.
C1 [Smith, Christian T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
[Engle, Rod] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
EM christian_smith@fws.gov
FU USFWS
FX The authors are grateful to Pat Connolly and Brady Allen (U. S.
Geological Survey) for providing tissue collections from White Salmon
River juvenile Chinook salmon. We also thank Shawn Narum (Columbia River
Inter-Tribal Fisheries Commission) and Scott Blankenship (Washington
Department of Fish and Wildlife) for providing unpublished genotype data
for Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery and Priest Rapids
Hatchery. Figure 1 was created by David Hines. Laboratory assistance was
provided by Amanda Matala, Lindsay Godfrey, and Sherri Baker. Speros
Doulos and Larry Marchant provided ideas and information regarding
Chinook salmon at Little White Salmon and Spring Creek national fish
hatcheries. This manuscript was benefited from comments by Denise
Hawkins, Patricia Crandell, Andrew Matala, Douglas Olson, Timothy Roth,
the associate editor at the Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society, and four anonymous reviewers (one at the journal and three at
the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS]). Funding was provided by
the USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS.
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PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 3
BP 699
EP 715
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584490
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 779WV
UT WOS:000291813800017
ER
PT J
AU McGlauflin, MT
Schindler, DE
Seeb, LW
Smith, CT
Habicht, C
Seeb, JE
AF McGlauflin, Molly T.
Schindler, Daniel E.
Seeb, Lisa W.
Smith, Christian T.
Habicht, Christopher
Seeb, James E.
TI Spawning Habitat and Geography Influence Population Structure and
Juvenile Migration Timing of Sockeye Salmon in the Wood River Lakes,
Alaska
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON;
ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE
ISOLATION; BERING-SEA; SELECTION; EVOLUTION
AB The strict homing of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka results in reproductively isolated populations that often spawn in close proximity and share rearing habitat. High spawning fidelity enables these populations to adapt to local conditions, resulting in a wide range of life history characteristics and genetic variation within individual watersheds. The Wood River system in southwestern Alaska provides a pristine, well-studied system in which to examine fine-scale population structure and its influences on juvenile life histories. Adult sockeye salmon spawn in lake beaches, rivers, and small tributaries throughout this watershed, and juveniles rear in five nursery lakes. We genotyped 30 spawning populations and 6,066 migrating smolts at 45 single nucleotide polymorphism loci, two of which are candidates for positive selection in the study system. We show that there is significant genetic structure (F-ST = 0.032) in the Wood River lakes and that divergence is generally related to spawning rather than nursery habitat (hierarchical analysis of molecular variance; P < 0.05). Four groups of populations were identified based on genetic structure and used to determine the composition of unknown mixtures of migrating smolts using a Bayesian modeling framework. We demonstrate that smolt migration timing is related to genetic structure; stream and river populations dominate catches in early June, while beach spawners and the populations in Lake Kulik are more prevalent from mid-June to early September. Age-2 smolts are primarily produced by the Lake Kulik and beach spawning populations, showing that genetic differences may reflect divergent freshwater and migration life history strategies. These results indicate that local adaptation to spawning habitat influences genetic divergence in the Wood River lakes, affecting both adult and juvenile life stages of sockeye salmon.
C1 [McGlauflin, Molly T.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Seeb, Lisa W.; Seeb, James E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[McGlauflin, Molly T.; Smith, Christian T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
[Habicht, Christopher] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA.
RP McGlauflin, MT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM molly_mcglauflin@fws.gov
FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
FX This work would not have been possible without the help of the Alaska
Department of Fish and Game Gene Conservation Laboratory in Anchorage,
which provided many of the genotypes for the baseline; the Alaska Salmon
Program at the University of Washington; and the staff of the Aleknagik
and Nerka field camps who helped collect the samples. Many thanks to the
students and staff of the International Program for Salmon Ecological
Genetics at the University of Washington for their assistance in and out
of the laboratory; this project would not have been possible without
their support. Funding for this project was provided by a grant from the
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this
article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 3
BP 763
EP 782
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.584495
PG 20
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 779WV
UT WOS:000291813800021
ER
PT J
AU Gedan, KB
Kirwan, ML
Wolanski, E
Barbier, EB
Silliman, BR
AF Gedan, Keryn B.
Kirwan, Matthew L.
Wolanski, Eric
Barbier, Edward B.
Silliman, Brian R.
TI The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting
shorelines: answering recent challenges to the paradigm
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; MANGROVE FORESTS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT;
NATURAL DISASTERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EMERGENT VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES; SOUTHERN THAILAND; WOODY VEGETATION
AB For more than a century, coastal wetlands have been recognized for their ability to stabilize shorelines and protect coastal communities. However, this paradigm has recently been called into question by small-scale experimental evidence. Here, we conduct a literature review and a small meta-analysis of wave attenuation data, and we find overwhelming evidence in support of established theory. Our review suggests that mangrove and salt marsh vegetation afford context-dependent protection from erosion, storm surge, and potentially small tsunami waves. In biophysical models, field tests, and natural experiments, the presence of wetlands reduces wave heights, property damage, and human deaths. Meta-analysis of wave attenuation by vegetated and unvegetated wetland sites highlights the critical role of vegetation in attenuating waves. Although we find coastal wetland vegetation to be an effective shoreline buffer, wetlands cannot protect shorelines in all locations or scenarios; indeed large-scale regional erosion, river meandering, and large tsunami waves and storm surges can overwhelm the attenuation effect of vegetation. However, due to a nonlinear relationship between wave attenuation and wetland size, even small wetlands afford substantial protection from waves. Combining man-made structures with wetlands in ways that mimic nature is likely to increase coastal protection. Oyster domes, for example, can be used in combination with natural wetlands to protect shorelines and restore critical fishery habitat. Finally, coastal wetland vegetation modifies shorelines in ways (e.g. peat accretion) that increase shoreline integrity over long timescales and thus provides a lasting coastal adaptation measure that can protect shorelines against accelerated sea level rise and more frequent storm inundation. We conclude that the shoreline protection paradigm still stands, but that gaps remain in our knowledge about the mechanistic and context-dependent aspects of shoreline protection.
C1 [Gedan, Keryn B.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Kirwan, Matthew L.] Univ Virginia, US Geol Survey, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Wolanski, Eric] James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Wolanski, Eric] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Barbier, Edward B.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Silliman, Brian R.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Gedan, KB (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM GedanK@si.edu
RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011; Gedan, Keryn/A-3575-2010; TropWATER,
Research ID/P-1401-2014
OI Gedan, Keryn/0000-0003-4020-5441;
FU USGS
FX We thank H. Leslie for funding to support this research and she and two
anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript. We also
acknowledge funding from USGS Global Change Research Program.
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PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
EI 1573-1480
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 106
IS 1
SI SI
BP 7
EP 29
DI 10.1007/s10584-010-0003-7
PG 23
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 747CW
UT WOS:000289298900002
ER
PT J
AU Muhlfeld, CC
Giersch, JJ
Hauer, FR
Pederson, GT
Luikart, G
Peterson, DP
Downs, CC
Fagre, DB
AF Muhlfeld, Clint C.
Giersch, J. Joseph
Hauer, F. Richard
Pederson, Gregory T.
Luikart, Gordon
Peterson, Douglas P.
Downs, Christopher C.
Fagre, Daniel B.
TI Climate change links fate of glaciers and an endemic alpine invertebrate
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID SHRINKING GLACIERS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CHANGE IMPACTS; STREAM;
BIODIVERSITY; RESPONSES; GRADIENT; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS; PLANTS
AB Climate warming in the mid- to high-latitudes and high-elevation mountainous regions is occurring more rapidly than anywhere else on Earth, causing extensive loss of glaciers and snowpack. However, little is known about the effects of climate change on alpine stream biota, especially invertebrates. Here, we show a strong linkage between regional climate change and the fundamental niche of a rare aquatic invertebrate-the meltwater stonefly Lednia tumana-endemic to Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Canada and USA. L. tumana has been petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to climate-change-induced glacier loss, yet little is known on specifically how climate impacts may threaten this rare species and many other enigmatic alpine aquatic species worldwide. During 14 years of research, we documented that L. tumana inhabits a narrow distribution, restricted to short sections (similar to 500 m) of cold, alpine streams directly below glaciers, permanent snowfields, and springs. Our simulation models suggest that climate change threatens the potential future distribution of these sensitive habitats and the persistence of L. tumana through the loss of glaciers and snowfields. Mountaintop aquatic invertebrates are ideal early warning indicators of climate warming in mountain ecosystems. Research on alpine invertebrates is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and ecosystem change.
C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Giersch, J. Joseph; Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
[Hauer, F. Richard; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA.
[Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
[Downs, Christopher C.] Natl Pk Serv, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov
OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582
FU USGS; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative (U.S. Department
of Interior); National Park Service; National Science Foundation [DEB
1067129]; Walton Family Foundation
FX We thank S. Hostetler, J. Stanford, P. Cross, J. Kershner, J. Potter, P.
VanEimeren, and two anonymous reviewers for reviews of previous drafts.
Funding was provided by the USGS Global Climate Change Program, Great
Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative (U.S. Department of
Interior), National Park Service, National Science Foundation (DEB
1067129), and the Walton Family Foundation. Any use of trade, product,
or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 106
IS 2
BP 337
EP 345
DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0057-1
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 750PT
UT WOS:000289561200012
ER
PT J
AU Kirwan, ML
Murray, AB
Donnelly, JP
Corbett, DR
AF Kirwan, Matthew L.
Murray, A. Brad
Donnelly, Jeffrey P.
Corbett, D. Reide
TI Rapid wetland expansion during European settlement and its implication
for marsh survival under modern sediment delivery rates
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TIDAL MARSHES; UNITED-STATES; SEA;
ESTUARY; IMPACT; MASSACHUSETTS; TERRESTRIAL; HISTORY
AB Fluctuations in sea-level rise rates are thought to dominate the formation and evolution of coastal wetlands. Here we demonstrate a contrasting scenario in which land-use-related changes in sediment delivery rates drive the formation of expansive marshland, and vegetation feedbacks maintain their morphology despite recent sediment supply reduction. Stratigraphic analysis and radiocarbon dating in the Plum Island Estuary (Massachusetts, United States) suggest that salt marshes expanded rapidly during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries due to increased rates of sediment delivery following deforestation associated with European settlement. Numerical modeling coupled with the stratigraphic observations suggests that existing marshland could survive, but not form under the low suspended sediment concentrations observed in the estuary today. These results suggest that many of the expansive marshes that characterize the modern North American coast are metastable relicts of high nineteenth century sediment delivery rates, and that recent observations of degradation may represent a slow return to pre-settlement marsh extent. In contrast to ecosystem management practices in which restoring pre-anthropogenic conditions is seen as a way to increase ecosystem services, our results suggest that widespread efforts to restore valuable coastal wetlands actually prevent some systems from returning to a natural state.
C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Murray, A. Brad] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27705 USA.
[Donnelly, Jeffrey P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Corbett, D. Reide] E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal Sci & Policy, Dept Geol Sci, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM mkirwan@usgs.gov
RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1617209]; U.S. Geological Survey Global
Change Research Program
FX The National Science Foundation (grant EAR-1617209) and the U.S.
Geological Survey Global Change Research Program supported this work. We
thank Steve Eberbach, Jeff Kirwan, Jessica Kirwan, Ryan Littlewood, and
Nick Magliocca for their assistance in the field and lab.
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PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
EI 1943-2682
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 5
BP 507
EP 510
DI 10.1130/G31789.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 748TX
UT WOS:000289416500029
ER
PT J
AU Buggisch, W
Joachimski, MM
Lehnert, O
Bergstrom, SM
Repetski, JE
AF Buggisch, Werner
Joachimski, Michael M.
Lehnert, Oliver
Bergstroem, Stig M.
Repetski, John E.
TI Did intense volcanism trigger the first Late Ordovician icehouse? REPLY
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Buggisch, Werner; Joachimski, Michael M.; Lehnert, Oliver] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Geozentrum Nordbayern, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
[Bergstroem, Stig M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Repetski, John E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Buggisch, W (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Geozentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
EM buggisch@geol.uni-erlangen.de
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 7
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 5
BP E238
EP E238
DI 10.1130/G32139Y.1
PG 1
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 748TX
UT WOS:000289416500002
ER
PT J
AU Obrebski, M
Allen, RM
Pollitz, F
Hung, SH
AF Obrebski, Mathias
Allen, Richard M.
Pollitz, Fred
Hung, Shu-Huei
TI Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction beneath the western United States
from the joint inversion of body-wave traveltimes and surface-wave phase
velocities
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Inverse theory; Body waves; Surface waves and free oscillations; Seismic
tomography; Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle; North America
ID TRANSPORTABLE ARRAY DATA; SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; UPPER-MANTLE; COLORADO
PLATEAU; NORTH-AMERICA; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; LARAMIDE OROGENY; FRECHET
KERNELS; TOMOGRAPHY; SUBDUCTION
AB P>The relation between the complex geological history of the western margin of the North American plate and the processes in the mantle is still not fully documented and understood. Several pre-USArray local seismic studies showed how the characteristics of key geological features such as the Colorado Plateau and the Yellowstone Snake River Plains are linked to their deep mantle structure. Recent body-wave models based on the deployment of the high density, large aperture USArray have provided far more details on the mantle structure while surface-wave tomography (ballistic waves and noise correlations) informs us on the shallow structure. Here we combine constraints from these two data sets to image and study the link between the geology of the western United States, the shallow structure of the Earth and the convective processes in mantle. Our multiphase DNA10-S model provides new constraints on the extent of the Archean lithosphere imaged as a large, deeply rooted fast body that encompasses the stable Great Plains and a large portion of the Northern and Central Rocky Mountains. Widespread slow anomalies are found in the lower crust and upper mantle, suggesting that low-density rocks isostatically sustain part of the high topography of the western United States. The Yellowstone anomaly is imaged as a large slow body rising from the lower mantle, intruding the overlying lithosphere and controlling locally the seismicity and the topography. The large E-W extent of the USArray used in this study allows imaging the 'slab graveyard', a sequence of Farallon fragments aligned with the currently subducting Juan de Fuca Slab, north of the Mendocino Triple Junction. The lithospheric root of the Colorado Plateau has apparently been weakened and partly removed through dripping. The distribution of the slower regions around the Colorado Plateau and other rigid blocks follows closely the trend of Cenozoic volcanic fields and ancient lithospheric sutures, suggesting that the later exert a control on the locus of magmato-tectonic activity today. The DNA velocity models are available for download and slicing at http://dna.berkeley.edu.
C1 [Obrebski, Mathias; Allen, Richard M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Pollitz, Fred] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 508, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Hung, Shu-Huei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
RP Obrebski, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM obrebski@berkeley.edu
RI obrebski, mathias/M-4933-2013;
OI HUNG, SHU-HUEI/0000-0002-2701-4635
FU National Science Foundation; UC-National Laboratory
FX We thank USArray TA for data collection and the IRIS DMC for data
distribution. We also thank the GJI editor S. Goes and two anonymous
reviewers for their constructive reviews. Most figures were generated
using the Generic Mapping Tool (Wessel & Smith 1998). This work was
supported by the National Science Foundation and a UC-National
Laboratory Research program grant.
NR 73
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Z9 97
U1 0
U2 33
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0956-540X
EI 1365-246X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 185
IS 2
BP 1003
EP 1021
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04990.x
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 749NP
UT WOS:000289475400029
ER
PT J
AU Rostad, CE
Schmitt, CJ
Schumacher, JG
Leiker, TJ
AF Rostad, Colleen E.
Schmitt, Christopher J.
Schumacher, John G.
Leiker, Thomas J.
TI An Exploratory Investigation of Polar Organic Compounds in Waters from a
Lead-Zinc Mine and Mill Complex
SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Lead mine; Tailings; Organic compounds; Xanthates; Mass spectrometry
ID SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; MINING AREAS; FULVIC-ACID; FISH; SULFOSUCCINATE;
SPECTROMETRY; CADMIUM; STREAMS; BLOOD; USA
AB Surface water samples were collected in 2006 from a lead mine-mill complex in Missouri to investigate possible organic compounds coming from the milling process. Water samples contained relatively high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC; greater than 20 mg/l) for surface waters but were colorless, implying a lack of naturally occurring aquatic humic or fulvic acids. Samples were extracted by three different types of solid-phase extraction and analyzed by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Because large amounts of xanthate complexation reagents are used in the milling process, techniques were developed to extract and analyze for sodium isopropyl xanthate and sodium ethyl xanthate. Although these xanthate reagents were not found, trace amounts of the degradates, isopropyl xanthyl thiosulfonate and isopropyl xanthyl sulfonate, were found in most locations sampled, including the tailings pond downstream. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, a surfactant and process filtering aid, was found at concentrations estimated at 350 mu g/l at one mill outlet, but not downstream. Release of these organic compounds downstream from lead-zinc mine and milling areas has not previously been reported. A majority of the DOC remains unidentified.
C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.; Leiker, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Schmitt, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Schumacher, John G.] US Geol Survey, MO Water Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95,Box 25046,MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cerostad@usgs.gov
FU USGS, Mark Twain National Forest of Missouri, USA
FX We acknowledge the staff from the USGS Missouri Water Science Center who
collected water samples and David Alvarez, USGS, Columbia, Missouri, who
prepared the POCIS and SPMD units for deployment and converted the POCIS
and SPMD units to extracts. Use of trade names in this report is for
identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the
US Geological Survey. This study was part of a congressionally funded
USGS investigation of the effects of mining in the Mark Twain National
Forest of Missouri, USA.
NR 37
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U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0049-6979
EI 1573-2932
J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL
JI Water Air Soil Pollut.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 217
IS 1-4
BP 431
EP 443
DI 10.1007/s11270-010-0598-3
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water
Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
GA 750PR
UT WOS:000289561000036
ER
PT J
AU Siemion, J
Burns, DA
Murdoch, PS
Germain, RH
AF Siemion, Jason
Burns, Douglas A.
Murdoch, Peter S.
Germain, Rene H.
TI The relation of harvesting intensity to changes in soil, soil water, and
stream chemistry in a northern hardwood forest, Catskill Mountains, USA
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Stream water quality; Nitrate; Aluminum; Calcium; Partial harvest
ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; NEW-YORK; CLEAR-CUT;
ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SUGAR MAPLE; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN;
CALCIUM
AB Previous studies have shown that clearcutting of northern hardwood forests mobilizes base cations, inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al-im), and nitrate (NO3--N) from soils to surface waters, but the effects of partial harvests on NO3--N have been less frequently studied. In this study we describe the effects of a series of partial harvests of varying proportions of basal area removal (22%, 28% and 68%) on Al-im calcium (Ca2+), and NO3--N concentrations in soil extracts, soil water, and surface water in the Catskill Mountains of New York, USA. Increases in NO3--N concentrations relative to pre-harvest values were observed within a few months after harvest in soils, soil water, and stream water for all three harvests. Increases in Al-im and Ca2+ concentrations were also evident in soil water and stream water over the same time period for all three harvests. The increases in Al-im, Ca2+, and NO3--N concentrations in the 68% harvest were statistically significant as measured by comparing the 18-month pre-harvest period with the 18-month post-harvest period, with fewer significant responses in the two harvests of lowest intensity. All three solutes returned to pre-harvest concentrations in soil water and stream water in the two lowest intensity harvests in 2-3 years compared to a full 3 years in the 68% harvest. When the results of this study were combined with those of a previous nearby clearcut and 40% harvest, the post-harvest increases in NO3--N concentrations in stream water and soil water suggest a harvesting level above which the relation between concentration and harvest intensity changes; there was a greater change in concentration per unit change in harvest intensity when basal area removal was greater than 40%. These results indicate that the deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems previously demonstrated for intensive harvests in northern hardwood forests of northeastern North America that receive high levels of atmospheric N deposition can be greatly diminished as harvesting intensity decreases below 40-68%. These results await confirmation through additional incremental forest harvest studies at other locations throughout the world that receive high levels of atmospheric N deposition. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Siemion, Jason; Burns, Douglas A.; Murdoch, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12183 USA.
[Germain, Rene H.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
RP Siemion, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12183 USA.
EM jsiemion@usgs.gov
RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009
FU New York City Department of Environmental Protection; U.S. Geological
Survey
FX The authors thank Michael R. McHale of the U.S. Geological Survey, John
Campbell of the U.S. Forest Service, and two anonymous reviewers for
their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. The
authors also thank the field and laboratory staff at the U.S. Geological
Survey's New York Water Science Center for field assistance and chemical
analyses. Funding for this project was provided by the New York City
Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Geological Survey.
The cooperation of the Frost Valley YMCA, the landowner of the study
sites, is also greatly appreciated.
NR 52
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Z9 10
U1 2
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
EI 1872-7042
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD MAY 1
PY 2011
VL 261
IS 9
BP 1510
EP 1519
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.036
PG 10
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 745AN
UT WOS:000289136400005
ER
PT J
AU Abell, JA
de la Llera, JC
Wicks, CW
AF Abell, Jose A.
Carlos de la Llera, Juan
Wicks, Charles W.
TI Enhancement of long period components of recorded and synthetic ground
motions using InSAR
SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID FINITE-FAULT MODEL; 1999 HECTOR MINE; 14 NOVEMBER 2007; RADAR
INTERFEROMETRY; TOCOPILLA EARTHQUAKE; RESPONSE SPECTRA; SUBDUCTION ZONE;
COSEISMIC SLIP; NORTH-AMERICA; DISPLACEMENTS
AB Tall buildings and flexible structures require a better characterization of long period ground motion spectra than the one provided by current seismic building codes. Motivated by that, a methodology is proposed and tested to improve recorded and synthetic ground motions which are consistent with the observed co-seismic displacement field obtained from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis of image data for the Tocopilla 2007 earthquake (M(w)=7.7) in Northern Chile. A methodology is proposed to correct the observed motions such that, after double integration, they are coherent with the local value of the residual displacement. Synthetic records are generated by using a stochastic finite-fault model coupled with a long period pulse to capture the long period fling effect.
It is observed that the proposed co-seismic correction yields records with more accurate long-period spectral components as compared with regular correction schemes such as acausal filtering. These signals provide an estimate for the velocity and displacement spectra, which are essential for tall-building design. Furthermore, hints are provided as to the shape of long-period spectra for seismic zones prone to large co-seismic displacements such as the Nazca-South American zone. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Abell, Jose A.] Univ Los Andes, Las Condes, Chile.
[Abell, Jose A.; Carlos de la Llera, Juan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile.
[Wicks, Charles W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA.
RP Abell, JA (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Las Condes, Chile.
EM jaabell@miuandes.cl; jcllera@ing.puc.cl
FU CONICYT/PBCT Proyecto Anillo de Investigacion en Ciencia y Tecnologia
(Chile); Fondecyt [1085282]; ESA [5266]
FX This work was supported by CONICYT/PBCT Proyecto Anillo de Investigacion
en Ciencia y Tecnologia ADI#30/2006 (Chile), the authors wish to
acknowledge the commission. This research was also partially funded by
Fondecyt project 1085282. The authors are very grateful of the support
of Dr. Matthew Pritchard, who provided us with the inversion results and
insight for the Antofagasta (1995) earthquake; of Dr. Gail Atkinson and
Dr. Dariush Motazedian, authors of the stochastic simulation software
EXSIM used herein; and Dr. Sergio Ruiz who provided us with the
Tocopilla records and the instrument information to correct them. Raw
SAR scenes from ESA Category-1 contract No 5266 and the
WINSAR consortium.
NR 47
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U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0267-7261
J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG
JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 5-6
BP 817
EP 829
DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.01.005
PG 13
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 745SD
UT WOS:000289185300008
ER
PT J
AU Rumbold, DG
Evans, DW
Niemczyk, S
Fink, LE
Laine, KA
Howard, N
Krabbenhoft, DP
Zucker, M
AF Rumbold, Darren G.
Evans, David W.
Niemczyk, Sharon
Fink, Larry E.
Laine, Krysten A.
Howard, Nicole
Krabbenhoft, David P.
Zucker, Mark
TI Source Identification of Florida Bay's Methylmercury Problem: Mainland
Runoff Versus Atmospheric Deposition and In situ Production
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Florida Bay; Everglades; Methylmercury; Surface water; Sediment
ID MERCURY METHYLATION; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; COASTAL
SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SPECIATION; FISH;
BIOAVAILABILITY; EVERGLADES
AB The first advisory to limit consumption of Florida Bay fish due to mercury was issued in 1995. Studies done by others in the late 1990s found elevated water column concentrations of both total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in creeks discharging from the Everglades, which had its own recognized mercury problem. To investigate the significance of allochthonous MeHg discharging from the upstream freshwater Everglades, we collected surface water and sediment along two transects from 2000 to 2002. Concentrations of THg and MeHg, ranging from 0.36 ng THg/L to 5.98 ng THg/L and from < 0.02 ng MeHg/L to 1.79 ng MeHg/L, were elevated in the mangrove transition zone when compared both to upstream canals and the open waters of Florida Bay. Sediment concentrations ranged from 5.8 ng THg/g to 145.6 ng THg/g and from 0.05 ng MeHg/g to 5.4 ng MeHg/g, with MeHg as a percentage of THg occasionally elevated in the open bay. Methylation assays indicated that sediments from Florida Bay have the potential to methylate Hg. Assessment of mass loading suggests that canals delivering stormwater from the northern Everglades are not as large a source as direct atmospheric deposition and in situ methylation, especially within the mangrove transition zone.
C1 [Rumbold, Darren G.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA.
[Rumbold, Darren G.; Niemczyk, Sharon; Fink, Larry E.; Howard, Nicole] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL USA.
[Evans, David W.] NOAA, Beaufort, NC USA.
[Niemczyk, Sharon] Abaco Grp LLC, Boynton Beach, FL USA.
[Laine, Krysten A.] E Bay Municipal Util Dist, Oakland, CA USA.
[Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA.
[Zucker, Mark] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA.
RP Rumbold, DG (reprint author), Florida Gulf Coast Univ, 10501 FGCU Blvd S, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA.
EM drumbold@fgcu.edu
FU NOAA; South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling
program (SFERPM)
FX The authors would like to thank Angela Drummond and Mark Kromer (SFWMD)
for their help in field sampling. We thank Carl Mitchell and David
Rudnick for their comments on an early draft of the manuscript and two
anonymous reviewers for a later daft. We would like to acknowledge also
the hard work of chemists at FDEP, FGS, and CEBAM, especially Lian Lang.
We gratefully acknowledge the use of ENP facilities on Key Largo that
were used in support of fieldwork. Finally, funding was provided through
NOAA's Coastal Oceans Program and administered by the South Florida
Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling program (SFERPM). Other
funding was provided by the SFWMD and the NMFS's Southeast Fisheries
Science Center.
NR 62
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Z9 7
U1 2
U2 27
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 3
BP 494
EP 513
DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9290-5
PG 20
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741YC
UT WOS:000288902400005
ER
PT J
AU Cherkiss, MS
Romanach, SS
Mazzotti, FJ
AF Cherkiss, Michael S.
Romanach, Stephanie S.
Mazzotti, Frank J.
TI The American Crocodile in Biscayne Bay, Florida
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Crocodylus acutus; Ecosystem restoration; Management; Biscayne Bay;
Salinity; Threatened species
ID CROCODYLUS-ACUTUS; POPULATION; MOVEMENTS; BIOLOGY
AB Intensive crocodile monitoring programs conducted during the late 1970s and early 1980s in southern Florida resulted in an optimistic outlook for recovery of the protected species population. However, some areas with suitable crocodile habitat were not investigated, such as Biscayne Bay and the mainland shorelines of Barnes and Card Sounds. The objective of our study was to determine status and habitat use of crocodiles in the aforementioned areas. Spotlight and nesting surveys were conducted from September 1996 to December 2005. The results revealed annual increases in the number of crocodiles. Crocodiles preferred protected habitats such as canals and ponds. Fewer crocodiles were observed in higher salinity water. The distribution and abundance of crocodilians in estuaries is directly dependent on timing, amount, and location of freshwater delivery, providing an opportunity to integrate habitat enhancement with ongoing ecosystem restoration and management activities.
C1 [Cherkiss, Michael S.; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA.
[Romanach, Stephanie S.] US Geol Survey, Davie, FL 33314 USA.
RP Cherkiss, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA.
EM mcherkis@ufl.edu
OI Romanach, Stephanie/0000-0003-0271-7825
FU U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science);
National Park Service; FWS; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; South Florida
Water Management District; Miami Dade Natural Areas Management; Florida
Department of Environmental Protection; Florida State Parks; Deering Bay
Golf Course; Florida Power and Light Company
FX We thank the many field biologists who worked with us over the years,
often under harsh field conditions, to collect these data. We thank the
U.S. Geological Survey (Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science),
National Park Service, FWS, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, FWC, South
Florida Water Management District, Miami Dade Natural Areas Management,
Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida State Parks,
Deering Bay Golf Course and Florida Power and Light Company for their
support of this project and for providing access to data and study
sites. We are especially grateful to R. Curry, D. Jennings, S. Klett, P.
Moler, L. Hord, J. Maguire, R. Skinner, R. Whethy, J. Wasilewski, and R.
Wilcox from those agencies for their commitment to research and
monitoring of crocodiles in Florida. K. Hines, M. Brien, A. Litt, R.
Harvey, and K. Rice helped with preparation of this manuscript. All
permits and approval for research on this endangered species were
obtained from permitting agencies and are available for inspection upon
request to the senior author. Use of trade, product, or firm names does
not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government or the authors.
NR 45
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U1 4
U2 31
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 3
BP 529
EP 535
DI 10.1007/s12237-011-9378-6
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741YC
UT WOS:000288902400007
ER
PT J
AU Wagner, RW
Stacey, M
Brown, LR
Dettinger, M
AF Wagner, R. Wayne
Stacey, Mark
Brown, Larry R.
Dettinger, Michael
TI Statistical Models of Temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
Under Climate-Change Scenarios and Ecological Implications
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Temperature model; Delta smelt
ID CALIFORNIA ESTUARY; WATER TEMPERATURES; AIR TEMPERATURES; UNITED-STATES;
STREAM; RIVER; SIMULATION; HYDROLOGY; SURVIVAL; FISHES
AB Changes in water temperatures caused by climate change in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta will affect the ecosystem through physiological rates of fishes and invertebrates. This study presents statistical models that can be used to forecast water temperature within the Delta as a response to atmospheric conditions. The daily average model performed well (R (2) values greater than 0.93 during verification periods) for all stations within the Delta and San Francisco Bay provided there was at least 1 year of calibration data. To provide long-term projections of Delta water temperature, we forced the model with downscaled data from climate scenarios. Based on these projections, the ecological implications for the delta smelt, a key species, were assessed based on temperature thresholds. The model forecasts increases in the number of days above temperatures causing high mortality (especially along the Sacramento River) and a shift in thermal conditions for spawning to earlier in the year.
C1 [Wagner, R. Wayne; Stacey, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Brown, Larry R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Dettinger, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Wagner, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 OBrien Hall,Mail Code 1712, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM wagnerw@berkeley.edu; mstacey@berkeley.edu; lrbrown@usgs.gov;
mddettin@usgs.gov
OI Wagner, Wayne/0000-0002-3978-2025
FU Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem
(CASCaDE)
FX This work was funded by the Computational Assessments of Scenarios of
Change for the Delta Ecosystem (CASCaDE) project. CASCaDE is supported
by a grant from the CALFED Science Program. Any opinions, findings, and
conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of
the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CALFED
Science Program. This is contribution #19 from the CASCaDE project.
NR 40
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U1 1
U2 48
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 3
BP 544
EP 556
DI 10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741YC
UT WOS:000288902400009
ER
PT J
AU Riggins, SG
Anderson, RS
Anderson, SP
Tye, AM
AF Riggins, Susan G.
Anderson, Robert S.
Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud
Tye, Andrew M.
TI Solving a conundrum of a steady-state hilltop with variable soil depths
and production rates, Bodmin Moor, UK
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Soil production; Steady state; Hillslope; Block release; Cosmogenic
radionuclides; Physical erosion
ID PROCESS-BASED MODEL; HILLSLOPE EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SOUTHWEST
ENGLAND; EROSION RATES; BE-10; SURFACES; AL-26; EQUILIBRIUM; DENUDATION
AB The common wisdom is that steady-state hilltops should display convex shape with both uniform soil thickness and uniform rates of lowering of the soil-bedrock interface. A 120 m hilltop transect on Bodmin Moor, southwest UK, displays a parabolic hilltop form, which implies it is in geomorphic steady state, yet the measured depths to bedrock range almost 6-fold from 14 to 80 cm, and the soil production rates derived from Be-10 concentrations in rock at the soil interface range by 2-fold from 10 to 20 m/My. We address this conundrum by developing a theory to explain the scatter in soil depths that would result from block-by-block lowering of the soil-bedrock boundary, and support our theory with a simple model involving block release and diffusive transport. We show that over long timescales a hilltop can indeed be in geomorphic steady state while at any point in time exhibiting a broad range of depths to bedrock. Variable depth to bedrock results in variable Be-10 concentrations in the rock sampled at the base of regolith, which yields calculated soil production rates that vary about the long-term average. Hence, scatter in plots of soil production as a function of soil depth are to be expected in many landscapes, and if the landscape is in geomorphic steady state, this scatter reflects the stochastic nature of the block release mechanism by which the bedrock interface is lowering. We find in our models that the commonly observed humped and exponentially declining soil production functions are only preserved during the transient approach toward geomorphic steady state. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Riggins, Susan G.; Anderson, Robert S.; Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Riggins, Susan G.; Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Tye, Andrew M.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England.
RP Riggins, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM Susan.Riggins@colorado.edu
RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014
OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0519060, EAR-0725019,
NSF-0724960]
FX We thank the Duchy of Cornwall for access to the Bodmin Moor field site
and the British Geological Survey for providing financial and logistical
field support. M. Duhnforth and M. Berlin provided guidance on CRN
preparation and methodology. This work was partially funded through
National Science Foundation (NSF) Award EAR-0519060 and an international
student scholarship provided in a supplement to NSF EAR-0725019. Support
through the National Science Foundation grant to establish the Boulder
Creek Critical Zone Observatory (NSF-0724960) is also acknowledged.
NR 39
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U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD MAY 1
PY 2011
VL 128
IS 1-2
BP 73
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.023
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 742XN
UT WOS:000288978700006
ER
PT J
AU Allen, CR
Fontaine, JJ
Pope, KL
Garmestani, AS
AF Allen, Craig R.
Fontaine, Joseph J.
Pope, Kevin L.
Garmestani, Ahjond S.
TI Adaptive management for a turbulent future
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive management; Natural resources; Structured decision making;
Uncertainty
ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS;
COMANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION
AB The challenges that face humanity today differ from the past because as the scale of human influence has increased, our biggest challenges have become global in nature, and formerly local problems that could be addressed by shifting populations or switching resources, now aggregate (i.e., "scale up") limiting potential management options. Adaptive management is an approach to natural resource management that emphasizes learning through management based on the philosophy that knowledge is incomplete and much of what we think we know is actually wrong. Adaptive management has explicit structure, including careful elucidation of goals, identification of alternative management objectives and hypotheses of causation, and procedures for the collection of data followed by evaluation and reiteration. It is evident that adaptive management has matured, but it has also reached a crossroads. Practitioners and scientists have developed adaptive management and structured decision making techniques, and mathematicians have developed methods to reduce the uncertainties encountered in resource management, yet there continues to be misapplication of the method and misunderstanding of its purpose. Ironically, the confusion over the term "adaptive management" may stem from the flexibility inherent in the approach, which has resulted in multiple interpretations of "adaptive management" that fall along a continuum of complexity and a priori design. Adaptive management is not a panacea for the navigation of 'wicked problems' as it does not produce easy answers, and is only appropriate in a subset of natural resource management problems where both uncertainty and controllability are high. Nonetheless, the conceptual underpinnings of adaptive management are simple; there will always be inherent uncertainty and unpredictability in the dynamics and behavior of complex social-ecological systems, but management decisions must still be made, and whenever possible, we should incorporate learning into management. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Allen, Craig R.; Fontaine, Joseph J.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
[Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
EM allencr@unl.edu
RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010
OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156
FU U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Research Units; U.S. Geological
Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska
Lincoln; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute
FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Research Units program
for funding this special issue on adaptive management. The Nebraska
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a
cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska
Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska Lincoln, the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use
of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscripts presented in this
special issue of the Journal of Environmental Management underwent
double-blind reviews; we thank the reviewers for their efforts, which
greatly enhanced this final product. Finally, no thanks are far too many
for Ralph Yorque.
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PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
SI SI
BP 1339
EP 1345
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.019
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 745PZ
UT WOS:000289179400001
PM 21168260
ER
PT J
AU Williams, BK
AF Williams, Byron K.
TI Adaptive management of natural resources-framework and issues
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive management; Decision making; Learning; Modeling; Monitoring;
Natural resources; Uncertainty
ID UNCERTAINTY; CONSERVATION; FOREST; OPTIMIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERIENCE;
WILDLIFE; OPTIONS; PLAN
AB Adaptive management, an approach for simultaneously managing and learning about natural resources, has been around for several decades. Interest in adaptive decision making has grown steadily over that time, and by now many in natural resources conservation claim that adaptive management is the approach they use in meeting their resource management responsibilities. Yet there remains considerable ambiguity about what adaptive management actually is, and how it is to be implemented by practitioners. The objective of this paper is to present a framework and conditions for adaptive decision making, and discuss some important challenges in its application. Adaptive management is described as a two-phase process of deliberative and iterative phases, which are implemented sequentially over the timeframe of an application. Key elements, processes, and issues in adaptive decision making are highlighted in terms of this framework. Special emphasis is given to the question of geographic scale, the difficulties presented by non-stationarity, and organizational challenges in implementing adaptive management. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM byron_ken_williams@usgs.gov
NR 62
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PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
SI SI
BP 1346
EP 1353
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.041
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 745PZ
UT WOS:000289179400002
PM 21075505
ER
PT J
AU Rehme, SE
Powell, LA
Allen, CR
AF Rehme, Sarah E.
Powell, Larkin A.
Allen, Craig R.
TI Multimodel inference and adaptive management
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive inference; Adaptive management; Hypothesis testing; Multimodel
inference; Uncertainty
ID ECOLOGY; MODEL; EVOLUTION; BIOLOGY
AB Ecology is an inherently complex science coping with correlated variables, nonlinear interactions and multiple scales of pattern and process, making it difficult for experiments to result in clear, strong inference. Natural resource managers, policy makers, and stakeholders rely on science to provide timely and accurate management recommendations. However, the time necessary to untangle the complexities of interactions within ecosystems is often far greater than the time available to make management decisions. One method of coping with this problem is multimodel inference. Multimodel inference assesses uncertainty by calculating likelihoods among multiple competing hypotheses, but multimodel inference results are often equivocal. Despite this, there may be pressure for ecologists to provide management recommendations regardless of the strength of their study's inference. We reviewed papers in the Journal of Wildlife Management (JWM) and the journal Conservation Biology (CB) to quantify the prevalence of multimodel inference approaches, the resulting inference (weak versus strong), and how authors dealt with the uncertainty. Thirty-eight percent and 14%, respectively, of articles in the JWM and CB used multimodel inference approaches. Strong inference was rarely observed, with only 7% of JWM and 20% of CB articles resulting in strong inference. We found the majority of weak inference papers in both journals (59%) gave specific management recommendations. Model selection uncertainty was ignored in most recommendations for management. We suggest that adaptive management is an ideal method to resolve uncertainty when research results in weak inference. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rehme, Sarah E.; Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
RP Rehme, SE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
EM ser@huskers.unl.edu; lpowell3@unlnotes.unl.edu; callen3@unlnotes.unl.edu
RI Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010
FU United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission;
University of Nebraska - Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife
Service; Wildlife Management Institute; University of Nebraska
Agriculture Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska
FX We would like to thank J. Fontaine and J. McFadden for providing
comments throughout the development of this manuscript. We would also
like to thank A. Tyre for providing statistical advice. This manuscript
was greatly improved by comments from L Wolfenbarger and two anonymous
reviewers. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is
jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States
Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the
University of Nebraska - Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife
Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government. This research was supported by Hatch Act funds through the
University of Nebraska Agriculture Research Division, Lincoln, Nebraska.
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PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
SI SI
BP 1360
EP 1364
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.012
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 745PZ
UT WOS:000289179400004
PM 20961682
ER
PT J
AU Williams, BK
AF Williams, Byron K.
TI Passive and active adaptive management: Approaches and an example
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Decision making; Natural resources; Active vs. passive adaptive
management; Impoundment drawdown; Modeling
AB Adaptive management is a framework for resource conservation that promotes iterative learning-based decision making. Yet there remains considerable confusion about what adaptive management entails, and how to actually make resource decisions adaptively. A key but somewhat ambiguous distinction in adaptive management is between active and passive forms of adaptive decision making. The objective of this paper is to illustrate some approaches to active and passive adaptive management with a simple example involving the drawdown of water impoundments on a wildlife refuge. The approaches are illustrated for the drawdown example, and contrasted in terms of objectives, costs, and potential learning rates. Some key challenges to the actual practice of AM are discussed, and tradeoffs between implementation costs and long-term benefits are highlighted. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM byron_ken_williams@usgs.gov
NR 13
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PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
SI SI
BP 1371
EP 1378
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.039
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 745PZ
UT WOS:000289179400006
PM 21074930
ER
PT J
AU Allen, CR
Gunderson, LH
AF Allen, Craig R.
Gunderson, Lance H.
TI Pathology and failure in the design and implementation of adaptive
management
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Inference; Management; Resilience; Resource management; Risk;
Uncertainty
ID TRANSLOCATION
AB The conceptual underpinnings for adaptive management are simple; there will always be inherent uncertainty and unpredictability in the dynamics and behavior of complex ecological systems as a result non-linear interactions among components and emergence, yet management decisions must still be made. The strength of adaptive management is in the recognition and confrontation of such uncertainty. Rather than ignore uncertainty, or use it to preclude management actions, adaptive management can foster resilience and flexibility to cope with an uncertain future, and develop safe to fail management approaches that acknowledge inevitable changes and surprises. Since its initial introduction, adaptive management has been hailed as a solution to endless trial and error approaches to complex natural resource management challenges. However, its implementation has failed more often than not. It does not produce easy answers, and it is appropriate in only a subset of natural resource management problems. Clearly adaptive management has great potential when applied appropriately. Just as clearly adaptive management has seemingly failed to live up to its high expectations. Why? We outline nine pathologies and challenges that can lead to failure in adaptive management programs. We focus on general sources of failures in adaptive management, so that others can avoid these pitfalls in the future. Adaptive management can be a powerful and beneficial tool when applied correctly to appropriate management problems; the challenge is to keep the concept of adaptive management from being hijacked for inappropriate use. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
[Gunderson, Lance H.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
EM allencr@unl.edu
FU United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission;
University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service;
Wildlife Management Institute
FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly
supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States
Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife
Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to trade names
does not imply endorsement by the authors or U.S. government.
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PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
SI SI
BP 1379
EP 1384
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.063
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 745PZ
UT WOS:000289179400007
PM 21112687
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, FA
AF Johnson, Fred A.
TI Learning and adaptation in the management of waterfowl harvests
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive management; Dynamic programming; Harvest; Learning; Mallards;
Models; Populations; Optimization; Waterfowl
ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; EXPLOITATION; POPULATIONS;
ENVIRONMENT; STRATEGIES; COMPLEXITY
AB A formal framework for the adaptive management of waterfowl harvests was adopted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1995. The process admits competing models of waterfowl population dynamics and harvest impacts, and relies on model averaging to compute optimal strategies for regulating harvest. Model weights, reflecting the relative ability of the alternative models to predict changes in population size, are used in the model averaging and are updated each year based on a comparison of model predictions and observations of population size. Since its inception the adaptive harvest program has focused principally on mallards (Anus platyrhynchos), which constitute a large portion of the U.S. waterfowl harvest. Four competing models, derived from a combination of two survival and two reproductive hypotheses, were originally assigned equal weights. In the last year of available information (2007), model weights favored the weakly density-dependent reproductive hypothesis over the strongly density-dependent one, and the additive mortality hypothesis over the compensatory one. The change in model weights led to a more conservative harvesting policy than what was in effect in the early years of the program. Adaptive harvest management has been successful in many ways, but nonetheless has exposed the difficulties in defining management objectives, in predicting and regulating harvests, and in coping with the tradeoffs inherent in managing multiple waterfowl stocks exposed to a common harvest. The key challenge now facing managers is whether adaptive harvest management as an institution can be sufficiently adaptive, and whether the knowledge and experience gained from the process can be reflected in higher-level policy decisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, POB 110485, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM fjohnson@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Geological Survey
FX I'd like to thank colleagues Drs. S. Boomer, J. Dubovsky, W. Kendall, J.
Nichols, C. Moore, A. Royle, M. Runge, and K. Williams with the U.S.
Department of the Interior for their technical assistance with the
development and implementation of the AHM program. Financial support for
this research was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the
Geological Survey.
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SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
SI SI
BP 1385
EP 1394
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.064
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 745PZ
UT WOS:000289179400008
PM 21168259
ER
PT J
AU Moore, CT
Lonsdorf, EV
Knutson, MG
Laskowski, HP
Lor, SK
AF Moore, Clinton T.
Lonsdorf, Eric V.
Knutson, Melinda G.
Laskowski, Harold P.
Lor, Socheata K.
TI Adaptive management in the US National Wildlife Refuge System:
Science-management partnerships for conservation delivery
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive management; Decision making; National Wildlife Refuge System;
Uncertainty
ID DECISION-MAKING; UNCERTAINTY; WATERFOWL; RECOVERY; FOREST
AB Adaptive management is an approach to recurrent decision making in which uncertainty about the decision is reduced over time through comparison of outcomes predicted by competing models against observed values of those outcomes. The National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is a large land management program charged with making natural resource management decisions, which often are made under considerable uncertainty, severe operational constraints, and conditions that limit ability to precisely carry out actions as intended. The NWRS presents outstanding opportunities for the application of adaptive management, but also difficult challenges. We describe two cooperative programs between the Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey to implement adaptive management at scales ranging from small, single refuge applications to large, multi-refuge, multi-region projects. Our experience to date suggests three important attributes common to successful implementation: a vigorous multi-partner collaboration, practical and informative decision framework components, and a sustained commitment to the process. Administrators in both agencies should consider these attributes when developing programs to promote the use and acceptance of adaptive management in the NWRS. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Moore, Clinton T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Lonsdorf, Eric V.] Urban Wildlife Inst, Chicago, IL 60614 USA.
[Knutson, Melinda G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Laskowski, Harold P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Milton, DE 19968 USA.
[Lor, Socheata K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mt Prairie Reg Off, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA.
RP Moore, CT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM cmoore@warnell.uga.edu; ericlonsdorf@lpzoo.org; Melinda_Knutson@fws.gov;
Harold_Laskowski@fws.gov; Socheata_Lor@fws.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Lincoln Park Zoo
FX We thank Craig R. Allen, Kevin Pope, and Joseph Fontaine for organizing
the symposium at the 70th Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, inviting
us to present this work, and supporting travel to the conference. We
thank Service employees Sara Vacek, Lori Stevenson, Nancy Pau, Kate
O'Brien, Laura Mitchell, Sara Williams, Eric Nelson, Rachel Laubhan,
Bridgette Flanders-Wanner, Todd Grant, Kim Bousquet, and Vanessa Fields
for their coordination of projects listed in the Appendix. Dan James
provided background material for the Refuge Cooperative Research
Program. We thank Jill Gannon, Brad Griffith, Terry Shaffer, Rick
Schultz, Larkin Powell, and an anonymous reviewer who provided
manuscript reviews and valuable insight for its improvement. This work
was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological
Survey, and the Lincoln Park Zoo. The findings and conclusions in this
article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service and the Lincoln Park Zoo. Use of trade, product, or
firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PI LONDON
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SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
SI SI
BP 1395
EP 1402
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.065
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 745PZ
UT WOS:000289179400009
PM 21109341
ER
PT J
AU Martin, DR
Pope, KL
AF Martin, Dustin R.
Pope, Kevin L.
TI Luring anglers to enhance fisheries
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive management; Angler participation; Managing anglers;
Regional-fishery management
ID RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; SPORT FISHERIES; NORTH-AMERICA; MANAGEMENT;
HARVEST
AB Current fisheries management is, unfortunately, reactive rather than proactive to changes in fishery characteristics. Furthermore, anglers do not act independently on waterbodies, and thus, fisheries are complex socio-ecological systems. Proactive management of these complex systems necessitates an approach adaptive fisheries management that allows learning to occur simultaneously with management. A promising area for implementation of adaptive fisheries management is the study of luring anglers to or from specific waterbodies to meet management goals. Purposeful manipulation of anglers, and its associated field of study, is nonexistent in past management. Evaluation of different management practices (i.e., hypotheses) through an iterative adaptive management process should include both a biological and sociological survey to address changes in fish populations and changes in angler satisfaction related to changes in management. We believe adaptive management is ideal for development and assessment of management strategies targeted at angler participation. Moreover these concepts and understandings should be applicable to other natural resource users such as hunters and hikers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Martin, Dustin R.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
[Martin, Dustin R.; Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
RP Martin, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 013 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
EM dustin.martin@huskers.unl.edu; kpope2@unl.edu
RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Martin, Dusitn/B-1655-2013
OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687;
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University
of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management
Institute
FX We thank Don Gabelhouse, Jr., Jeff Jackson and Brenda Pracheil for
helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Many of the ideas
presented here originated while working on Federal Aid in Sport Fish
Restoration project F-182-R, which was administered by the Nebraska Game
and Parks Commission. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The Nebraska
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a
cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska
Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute.
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SN 0301-4797
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J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
SI SI
BP 1409
EP 1413
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.002
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 745PZ
UT WOS:000289179400011
PM 20965644
ER
PT J
AU Gold, RD
Cowgill, E
Arrowsmith, JR
Chen, XH
Sharp, WD
Cooper, KM
Wang, XF
AF Gold, Ryan D.
Cowgill, Eric
Arrowsmith, J. Ramon
Chen, Xuanhua
Sharp, Warren D.
Cooper, Kari M.
Wang, Xiao-Feng
TI Faulted terrace risers place new constraints on the late Quaternary slip
rate for the central Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID NEW-ZEALAND; CONTINENTAL DEFORMATION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; KARAKORAM
FAULT; PLATE BOUNDARY; NORTHERN TIBET; KUNLUN FAULT; NW CHINA;
EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEM
AB The active, left-lateral Altyn Tagh fault defines the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in western China. To clarify late Quaternary temporal and spatial variations in slip rate along the central portion of this fault system (85 degrees-90 degrees E), we have more than doubled the number of dated offset markers along the central Altyn Tagh fault. In particular, we determined offset-age relations for seven left-laterally faulted terrace risers at three sites (Kelutelage, Yukuang, and Keke Qiapu) spanning a 140-km-long fault reach by integrating surficial geologic mapping, topographic surveys (total station and tripod-light detection and ranging [T-LiDAR]), and geochronology (radiocarbon dating of organic samples, Th-230/U dating of pedogenic carbonate coatings on buried clasts, and terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclide exposure age dating applied to quartz-rich gravels). At Kelutelage, which is the westernmost site (37.72 degrees N, 86.67 degrees E), two faulted terrace risers are offset 58 +/- 3 m and 48 +/- 4 m, and formed at 6.2-6.1 ka and 5.9-3.7 ka, respectively. At the Yukuang site (38.00 degrees N, 87.87 degrees E), four faulted terrace risers are offset 92 +/- 12 m, 68 +/- 6 m, 55 +/- 13 m, and 59 +/- 9 m and formed at 24.2-9.5 ka, 6.4-5.0 ka, 5.1-3.9 ka, and 24.2-6.4 ka, respectively. At the easternmost site, Keke Qiapu (38.08 degrees N, 88.12 degrees E), a faulted terrace riser is offset 33 +/- 6 m and has an age of 17.1-2.2 ka. The displacement-age relationships derived from these markers can be satisfied by an approximately uniform slip rate of 812 mm/yr. However, additional analysis is required to test how much temporal variability in slip rate is permitted by this data set.
C1 [Gold, Ryan D.; Cowgill, Eric; Cooper, Kari M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Arrowsmith, J. Ramon] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Chen, Xuanhua; Wang, Xiao-Feng] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Sharp, Warren D.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA.
RP Gold, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rdgold@ucdavis.edu
RI Cooper, Kari/G-8261-2012; Gold, Ryan/I-3287-2012
OI Gold, Ryan/0000-0002-4464-6394
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) from NSF Office of International and
Engineering [EAR-0610107, EAR-0610040]; University of California, Davis;
Geological Society of America; German Academic Exchange Service
FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants
EAR-0610107 and EAR-0610040 from the Tectonics Program and the East Asia
and Pacific Program in the NSF Office of International and Engineering,
along with funding from the University of California, Davis, the
Geological Society of America, and the German Academic Exchange Service.
The manuscript benefited from constructive reviews by David Anastasio
and Rebecca Dorsey as well as from thoughtful discussions with Anke
Friedrich and Anne Reuther. We are grateful to Peter Gold, Greg
Chavdarian, Megan Muretta, Christina Davis, Tang Wei, Gong Hongliang,
and Jiang Rong Bao, all of whom helped with fieldwork and logistics.
Zhao Yue provided invaluable assistance gaining access to the field
sites in the People's Republic of China. John Southon and Guaciara dos
Santos provided support with 14C sample preparations and AMS
measurement. John Gosse and Guang Yang provided support with the TCN
sample preparation and measurement.
NR 73
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U2 18
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
EI 1943-2674
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2011
VL 123
IS 5-6
BP 958
EP 978
DI 10.1130/B30207.1
PG 21
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 740KN
UT WOS:000288792500011
ER
PT J
AU Bar Massada, A
Syphard, AD
Hawbaker, TJ
Stewart, SI
Radeloff, VC
AF Bar Massada, Avi
Syphard, Alexandra D.
Hawbaker, Todd J.
Stewart, Susan I.
Radeloff, Volker C.
TI Effects of ignition location models on the burn patterns of simulated
wildfires
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
LA English
DT Article
DE Wildfire; Burn probability; Ignition; FARSITE
ID LANDSCAPE FUEL TREATMENTS; FIRE-SUCCESSION MODELS; CROSS-SCALE ANALYSIS;
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; BOREAL
FOREST; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT
AB Fire simulation studies that use models such as FARSITE often assume that ignition locations are distributed randomly, because spatially explicit information about actual ignition locations are difficult to obtain. However, many studies show that the spatial distribution of ignition locations, whether human-caused or natural, is non-random. Thus, predictions from fire simulations based on random ignitions may be unrealistic. However, the extent to Which the assumption of ignition location affects the predictions of fire simulation models has never been systematically explored. Our goal was to assess the difference in fire simulations that are based on random versus non-random ignition location patterns. We conducted four sets of 6000 FARSITE simulations for the Santa Monica Mountains in California to quantify the influence of random and non-random ignition locations and normal and extreme weather conditions on fire size distributions and spatial patterns of burn probability. Under extreme weather conditions, fires were significantly larger for non-random ignitions compared to random ignitions (mean area of 344.5 ha and 230.1 ha, respectively), but burn probability maps were highly correlated (r = 0.83). Under normal weather, random ignitions produced significantly larger fires than non-random ignitions (17.5 ha and 13.3 ha, respectively), and the spatial correlations between burn probability maps were not high (r = 0.54), though the difference in the average burn probability was small. The results of the study suggest that the location of ignitions used in fire simulation models may substantially influence the spatial predictions of fire spread patterns. However, the spatial bias introduced by using a random ignition location model may be minimized if the fire simulations are conducted under extreme weather conditions when fire spread is greatest. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bar Massada, Avi; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Syphard, Alexandra D.] Conservat Biol Inst, La Mesa, CA 91941 USA.
[Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA.
RP Bar Massada, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM barmassada@wisc.edu
RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016
OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X
FU U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station
FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the U.S. Forest
Service Northern Research Station. Comments by four anonymous reviewers
greatly improved this manuscript.
NR 66
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U1 3
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-8152
J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW
JI Environ. Modell. Softw.
PD MAY
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 583
EP 592
DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.11.016
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 722MT
UT WOS:000287437100004
ER
PT J
AU Isaacson, PJ
Pieters, CM
Besse, S
Clark, RN
Head, JW
Klima, RL
Mustard, JF
Petro, NE
Staid, MI
Sunshine, JM
Taylor, LA
Thaisen, KG
Tompkins, S
AF Isaacson, Peter J.
Pieters, Carle M.
Besse, Sebastien
Clark, Roger N.
Head, James W.
Klima, Rachel L.
Mustard, John F.
Petro, Noah E.
Staid, Matthew I.
Sunshine, Jessica M.
Taylor, Lawrence A.
Thaisen, Kevin G.
Tompkins, Stefanie
TI Remote compositional analysis of lunar olivine-rich lithologies with
Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) spectra
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLEMENTINE NIR DATA; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
CRATER COPERNICUS; MARE BASALTS; SPACE; IRON; SIMULATION; ARISTARCHUS;
ASTEROIDS
AB A systematic approach for deconvolving remotely sensed lunar olivine-rich visible to near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra with the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM) is evaluated with Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) spectra. Whereas earlier studies of laboratory reflectance spectra focused only on complications due to chromite inclusions in lunar olivines, we develop a systematic approach for addressing (through continuum removal) the prominent continuum slopes common to remotely sensed reflectance spectra of planetary surfaces. We have validated our continuum removal on a suite of laboratory reflectance spectra. Suites of olivine-dominated reflectance spectra from a small crater near Mare Moscoviense, the Copernicus central peak, Aristarchus, and the crater Marius in the Marius Hills were analyzed. Spectral diversity was detected in visual evaluation of the spectra and was quantified using the MGM. The MGM-derived band positions are used to estimate the olivine's composition in a relative sense. Spectra of olivines from Moscoviense exhibit diversity in their absorption features, and this diversity suggests some variation in olivine Fe/Mg content. Olivines from Copernicus are observed to be spectrally homogeneous and thus are predicted to be more compositionally homogeneous than those at Moscoviense but are of broadly similar composition to the Moscoviense olivines. Olivines from Aristarchus and Marius exhibit clear spectral differences from those at Moscoviense and Copernicus but also exhibit features that suggest contributions from other phases. If the various precautions discussed here are weighed carefully, the methods presented here can be used to make general predictions of absolute olivine composition (Fe/Mg content).
C1 [Isaacson, Peter J.; Pieters, Carle M.; Head, James W.; Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Besse, Sebastien; Sunshine, Jessica M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Klima, Rachel L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20732 USA.
[Petro, Noah E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Staid, Matthew I.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Taylor, Lawrence A.; Thaisen, Kevin G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Tompkins, Stefanie] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Isaacson, PJ (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM Peter_Isaacson@Brown.edu
RI Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012; Petro, Noah/F-5340-2013;
OI Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429; Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439
FU NASA [NNM05AB26C]; NASA LSI at Brown University [NNA09DB34A]
FX The efforts of the entire M3 engineering, operations, and
science teams are gratefully acknowledged. M3 science
validation is supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. M3
is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of opportunity. The
M3 team is grateful to ISRO for the opportunity to fly as a
guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1. Partial funding for this analysis has
also been provided through the NASA LSI at Brown University under
contract NNA09DB34A. Careful reviews by Brett Denevi and an anonymous
reviewer have improved this manuscript substantially. The views,
opinions, and/or findings contained in this paper are those of the
authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official
views, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency or the Department of Defense.
NR 59
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U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 26
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00G11
DI 10.1029/2010JE003731
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 757TA
UT WOS:000290109400002
ER
PT J
AU Gutierrez, BT
Plant, NG
Thieler, ER
AF Gutierrez, Benjamin T.
Plant, Nathaniel G.
Thieler, E. Robert
TI A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
LA English
DT Article
ID MORPHOLOGICAL-BEHAVIOR MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BELIEF NETWORKS; RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT; BARRIER ISLANDS; NEW-YORK; IMPACTS; EVOLUTION; ATLANTIC;
EROSION
AB Sea level rise during the 21st century will have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, human development, and infrastructure in coastal areas. The broad range of complex factors influencing coastal systems contributes to large uncertainties in predicting long-term sea level rise impacts. Here we explore and demonstrate the capabilities of a Bayesian network (BN) to predict long-term shoreline change associated with sea level rise and make quantitative assessments of prediction uncertainty. A BN is used to define relationships between driving forces, geologic constraints, and coastal response for the U. S. Atlantic coast that include observations of local rates of relative sea level rise, wave height, tide range, geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and shoreline change rate. The BN is used to make probabilistic predictions of shoreline retreat in response to different future sea level rise rates. Results demonstrate that the probability of shoreline retreat increases with higher rates of sea level rise. Where more specific information is included, the probability of shoreline change increases in a number of cases, indicating more confident predictions. A hindcast evaluation of the BN indicates that the network correctly predicts 71% of the cases. Evaluation of the results using Brier skill and log likelihood ratio scores indicates that the network provides shoreline change predictions that are better than the prior probability. Shoreline change outcomes indicating stability (-1 < rate < 1 m/yr) or erosion (rate < -1 m/yr) tend to occur for two sets of input scenarios. Stable shoreline change rates occur mainly for low rates of relative sea level rise and occur in low-vulnerability geomorphic settings. Rates indicating erosion result for cases where the rate of relative sea level rise is high and moderate-to-high vulnerability geomorphic settings occur. In contrast, accretion (rate > 1 m/yr) was not well predicted. We find that BNs can assimilate important factors contributing to coastal change in response to sea level rise and can make quantitative, probabilistic predictions that can be applied to coastal management decisions.
C1 [Gutierrez, Benjamin T.; Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Plant, Nathaniel G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Gutierrez, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM bgutierrez@usgs.gov
OI Gutierrez, Benjamin/0000-0002-1879-7893; Plant,
Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717
FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology; Global Change Research programs
FX Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine
Geology and Global Change Research programs. We thank Chris Sherwood of
the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center and Tom Smith of
the USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center for reviews of an early
version of the paper. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and the
associate editor for providing valuable suggestions and critiques of
this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government.
NR 110
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Z9 35
U1 2
U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.
PD APR 22
PY 2011
VL 116
AR F02009
DI 10.1029/2010JF001891
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 754KH
UT WOS:000289853000003
ER
PT J
AU van der Wegen, M
Jaffe, BE
Roelvink, JA
AF van der Wegen, M.
Jaffe, B. E.
Roelvink, J. A.
TI Process-based, morphodynamic hindcast of decadal deposition patterns in
San Pablo Bay, California, 1856-1887
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION; LONG-TERM EVOLUTION; FRANCISCO BAY;
RESIDUAL TRANSPORT; INITIAL FORMATION; TIDAL EMBAYMENTS; CHANNELS;
MODEL; VALIDATION; PROFILES
AB This study investigates the possibility of hindcasting-observed decadal-scale morphologic change in San Pablo Bay, a subembayment of the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA, by means of a 3-D numerical model (Delft3D). The hindcast period, 1856-1887, is characterized by upstream hydraulic mining that resulted in a high sediment input to the estuary. The model includes wind waves, salt water and fresh water interactions, and graded sediment transport, among others. Simplified initial conditions and hydrodynamic forcing were necessary because detailed historic descriptions were lacking. Model results show significant skill. The river discharge and sediment concentration have a strong positive influence on deposition volumes. Waves decrease deposition rates and have, together with tidal movement, the greatest effect on sediment distribution within San Pablo Bay. The applied process-based (or reductionist) modeling approach is valuable once reasonable values for model parameters and hydrodynamic forcing are obtained. Sensitivity analysis reveals the dominant forcing of the system and suggests that the model planform plays a dominant role in the morphodynamic development. A detailed physical explanation of the model outcomes is difficult because of the high nonlinearity of the processes. Process formulation refinement, a more detailed description of the forcing, or further model parameter variations may lead to an enhanced model performance, albeit to a limited extent. The approach potentially provides a sound basis for prediction of future developments. Parallel use of highly schematized box models and a process-based approach as described in the present work is probably the most valuable method to assess decadal morphodynamic development.
C1 [van der Wegen, M.; Roelvink, J. A.] UNESCO IHE, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands.
[Jaffe, B. E.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Roelvink, J. A.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands.
[Roelvink, J. A.] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands.
RP van der Wegen, M (reprint author), UNESCO IHE, POB 3015, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands.
EM m.vanderwegen@unesco-ihe.org; bjaffe@usgs.gov; d.roelvink@unesco-ihe.org
RI roelvink, jan adriaan/C-6940-2009; Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; van der
Wegen, Mick/C-6787-2009
OI roelvink, jan adriaan/0000-0002-5367-0003; Jaffe,
Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; van der Wegen, Mick/0000-0002-5227-2679
FU U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies; CALFED; UNESCO-IHE
FX The research is part of the U. S. Geological Survey CASCaDE climate
change project (CASCaDE contribution 17). The authors acknowledge the
U.S. Geological Survey Priority Ecosystem Studies, CALFED, and the
UNESCO-IHE research fund for making this research financially possible.
The comments of C. T. Friedrichs and four other anonymous reviewers were
greatly appreciated and improved this manuscript. We acknowledge Giles
Lesser (formerly Deltares and seconded to USGS), Edwin Elias (Deltares
and seconded to USGS), and Van Lan Anh (UNESCO-IHE student) for the
development and calibration of the model described in the auxiliary
material.
NR 75
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U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.
PD APR 22
PY 2011
VL 116
AR F02008
DI 10.1029/2009JF001614
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 754KH
UT WOS:000289853000001
ER
PT J
AU Pieters, CM
Besse, S
Boardman, J
Buratti, B
Cheek, L
Clark, RN
Combe, JP
Dhingra, D
Goswami, JN
Green, RO
Head, JW
Isaacson, P
Klima, R
Kramer, G
Lundeen, S
Malaret, E
McCord, T
Mustard, J
Nettles, J
Petro, N
Runyon, C
Staid, M
Sunshine, J
Taylor, LA
Thaisen, K
Tompkins, S
Whitten, J
AF Pieters, C. M.
Besse, S.
Boardman, J.
Buratti, B.
Cheek, L.
Clark, R. N.
Combe, J. P.
Dhingra, D.
Goswami, J. N.
Green, R. O.
Head, J. W.
Isaacson, P.
Klima, R.
Kramer, G.
Lundeen, S.
Malaret, E.
McCord, T.
Mustard, J.
Nettles, J.
Petro, N.
Runyon, C.
Staid, M.
Sunshine, J.
Taylor, L. A.
Thaisen, K.
Tompkins, S.
Whitten, J.
TI Mg-spinel lithology: A new rock type on the lunar farside
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SELENE; IMPACT; CAMERA; FIELD; MOON;
GEOTHERMOMETRY; PETROGENESIS; INSTRUMENT; PYROXENES
AB High-resolution compositional data from Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) for the Moscoviense region on the lunar farside reveal three unusual, but distinctive, rock types along the inner basin ring. These are designated "OOS" since they are dominated by high concentrations of orthopyroxene, olivine, and Mg-rich spinel, respectively. The OOS occur as small areas, each a few kilometers in size, that are widely separated within the highly feldspathic setting of the basin rim. Although the abundance of plagioclase is not well constrained within the OOS, the mafic mineral content is exceptionally high, and two of the rock types could approach pyroxenite and harzburgite in composition. The third is a new rock type identified on the Moon that is dominated by Mg-rich spinel with no other mafic minerals detectable (<5% pyroxene, olivine). All OOS surfaces are old and undisturbed since basin formation. They are effectively invisible in image data and are only recognized by their distinctive composition identified spectroscopically. The origin of these unusual lithologies appears to be linked to one or more magmatic intrusions into the lower crust, perhaps near the crust-mantle interface. Processes such as fractional crystallization and gravity settling within such intrusions may provide a mechanism for concentrating the mafic components within zones several kilometers in dimension. The OOS are embedded within highly anorthositic material from the lunar crust; they may thus be near contemporaneous with crustal products from the cooling magma ocean.
C1 [Pieters, C. M.; Cheek, L.; Dhingra, D.; Head, J. W.; Isaacson, P.; Mustard, J.; Nettles, J.; Whitten, J.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Besse, S.; Sunshine, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Boardman, J.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Buratti, B.; Green, R. O.; Lundeen, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Combe, J. P.; Kramer, G.; McCord, T.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.
[Goswami, J. N.] NAVRANGPURA THALTEJ, ISRO, Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
[Klima, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20732 USA.
[Malaret, E.] Appl Coherent Technol Corp, Herndon, VA 22070 USA.
[Petro, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Runyon, C.] Coll Charleston, Dept Geol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA.
[Staid, M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Taylor, L. A.; Thaisen, K.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Tompkins, S.] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Pieters, CM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM carle_pieters@Brown.edu
RI Klima, Rachel/H-9383-2012; Petro, Noah/F-5340-2013;
OI Klima, Rachel/0000-0002-9151-6429; Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439
FU NASA [NNM05AB26C]
FX M3 is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of
opportunity. These science results and science validation is supported
through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. The M3 team is honored to
have had the opportunity to fly as a guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1,
and we are grateful to all the ISRO team that enabled M3 data
to be returned. We gratefully acknowledge the valuable input to this
project by the Chandrayaan-1 Terrain Mapping Camera team led by K. Kumar
and by the public release of SELENE Terrain Camera data and LRO Narrow
Angle Camera data. We appreciate the helpful review comments by Brad
Jolliff.
NR 51
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Z9 56
U1 1
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 22
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00G08
DI 10.1029/2010JE003727
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 754JX
UT WOS:000289852000003
ER
PT J
AU Ruff, SW
Farmer, JD
Calvin, WM
Herkenhoff, KE
Johnson, JR
Morris, RV
Rice, MS
Arvidson, RE
Bell, JF
Christensen, PR
Squyres, SW
AF Ruff, Steven W.
Farmer, Jack D.
Calvin, Wendy M.
Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.
Johnson, Jeffrey R.
Morris, Richard V.
Rice, Melissa S.
Arvidson, Raymond E.
Bell, James F., III
Christensen, Philip R.
Squyres, Steven W.
TI Characteristics, distribution, origin, and significance of opaline
silica observed by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; THERMAL EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY;
YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NEW-ZEALAND; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION;
PARTICULATE SURFACES; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; SPRING
DEPOSITS; LOW-TEMPERATURE
AB The presence of outcrops and soil (regolith) rich in opaline silica (similar to 65-92 wt % SiO2) in association with volcanic materials adjacent to the "Home Plate" feature in Gusev crater is evidence for hydrothermal conditions. The Spirit rover has supplied a diverse set of observations that are used here to better understand the formation of silica and the activity, abundance, and fate of water in the first hydrothermal system to be explored in situ on Mars. We apply spectral, chemical, morphological, textural, and stratigraphic observations to assess whether the silica was produced by acid sulfate leaching of precursor rocks, by precipitation from silica-rich solutions, or by some combination. The apparent lack of S enrichment and the relatively low oxidation state of the Home Plate silica-rich materials appear inconsistent with the originally proposed Hawaiian analog for fumarolic acid sulfate leaching. The stratiform distribution of the silica-rich outcrops and their porous and brecciated microtextures are consistent with sinter produced by silica precipitation. There is no evidence for crystalline quartz phases among the silica occurrences, an indication of the lack of diagenetic maturation following the production of the amorphous opaline phase.
C1 [Ruff, Steven W.; Farmer, Jack D.; Christensen, Philip R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Calvin, Wendy M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Morris, Richard V.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Rice, Melissa S.; Bell, James F., III; Squyres, Steven W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Arvidson, Raymond E.] Washington Univ, Dept Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
RP Ruff, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Moeur Bldg,Rm 131,Box 876305, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM steve.ruff@asu.edu
RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015
FU NASA
FX This work was funded in part by NASA grants from the Mars Data Analysis
and Mars Fundamental Research programs. We thank Patrick Browne and an
anonymous reviewer for their thorough and thoughtful reviews of a very
lengthy manuscript. Their suggestions have improved the final paper.
NR 88
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Z9 47
U1 3
U2 31
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 22
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00F23
DI 10.1029/2010JE003767
PG 48
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 754JX
UT WOS:000289852000005
ER
PT J
AU Whitten, J
Head, JW
Staid, M
Pieters, CM
Mustard, J
Clark, R
Nettles, J
Klima, RL
Taylor, L
AF Whitten, Jennifer
Head, James W.
Staid, Matthew
Pieters, Carle M.
Mustard, John
Clark, Roger
Nettles, Jeff
Klima, Rachel L.
Taylor, Larry
TI Lunar mare deposits associated with the Orientale impact basin: New
insights into mineralogy, history, mode of emplacement, and relation to
Orientale Basin evolution from Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) data from
Chandrayaan-1
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH-POLE-AITKEN; STATE IMAGING DATA; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES; SPECTRAL
REFLECTANCE; ERUPTION CONDITIONS; LATERAL TRANSPORT; FLOOD BASALTS;
CRATER COUNTS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; LAVA FLOW
AB Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) image and spectral reflectance data are combined to analyze mare basalt units in and adjacent to the Orientale multiring impact basin. Models are assessed for the relationships between basin formation and mare basalt emplacement. Mare basalt emplacement on the western nearside limb began prior to the Orientale event as evidenced by the presence of cryptomaria. The earliest post-Orientale-event mare basalt emplacement occurred in the center of the basin (Mare Orientale) and postdated the formation of the Orientale Basin by about 60-100 Ma. Over the next several hundred million years, basalt patches were emplaced first along the base of the Outer Rook ring (Lacus Veris) and then along the base of the Cordillera ring (Lacus Autumni), with some overlap in ages. The latest basalt patches are as young as some of the youngest basalt deposits on the lunar nearside. M-3 data show several previously undetected mare patches on the southwestern margins of the basin interior. Regardless, the previously documented increase in mare abundance from the southwest toward the northeast is still prominent. We attribute this to crustal and lithospheric trends moving from the farside to the nearside, with correspondingly shallower density and thermal barriers to basaltic magma ascent and eruption toward the nearside. The wide range of model ages for Orientale mare deposits (3.70-1.66 Ga) mirrors the range of nearside mare ages, indicating that the small amount of mare fill in Orientale is not due to early cessation of mare emplacement but rather to limited volumes of extrusion for each phase during the entire period of nearside mare basalt volcanism. This suggests that nearside and farside source regions may be similar but that other factors, such as thermal and crustal thickness barriers to magma ascent and eruption, may be determining the abundance of surface deposits on the limbs and farside. The sequence, timing, and elevation of mare basalt deposits suggest that regional basin-related stresses exerted control on their distribution. Our analysis clearly shows that Orientale serves as an excellent example of the early stages of the filling of impact basins with mare basalt.
C1 [Whitten, Jennifer; Head, James W.; Pieters, Carle M.; Mustard, John; Nettles, Jeff; Klima, Rachel L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Staid, Matthew] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Taylor, Larry] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Whitten, J (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM Jennifer_whitten@brown.edu
FU NASA [NNM05AB26C]
FX M3 is supported as a NASA Discovery Program mission of
opportunity. Both the science results and the science validation are
supported through NASA contract NNM05AB26C. Thanks are extended to
members of the M3 team for assistance in the preparation of
this manuscript. Additionally, the M3 team is grateful to
ISRO for the opportunity to fly as a guest instrument on Chandrayaan-1
and is grateful to all on the ISRO team that enabled M3 data
to be returned. We gratefully acknowledge the valuable input to this
project by the public release of LRO Laser Altimeter data.
NR 153
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Z9 41
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 22
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00G09
DI 10.1029/2010JE003736
PG 33
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 754JX
UT WOS:000289852000004
ER
PT J
AU McNamara, DE
Ringler, AT
Hutt, CR
Gee, LS
AF McNamara, D. E.
Ringler, A. T.
Hutt, C. R.
Gee, L. S.
TI Seismically observed seiching in the Panama Canal
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROSEISMS; OCEAN; RESERVOIRS; TSUNAMI; LAKES
AB A large portion of the seismic noise spectrum is dominated by water wave energy coupled into the solid Earth. Distinct mechanisms of water wave induced ground motions are distinguished by their spectral content. For example, cultural noise is generally < 1 s period, microseisms dominate the seismic spectrum from periods of 2 to 20 s, and the Earth's "hum" is in the range of 50 to 600 s. We show that in a large lake in the Panama Canal there is an additional source of long-period noise generated by standing water waves, seiches, induced by disturbances such as passing ships and wind pressure. We compare seismic waveforms to water level records and relate these observations to changes in local tilt and gravity due to an oscillating seiche. The methods and observations discussed in this paper provide a first step toward quantifying the impact of water inundation as recorded by seismometers. This type of quantified understanding of water inundation will help in future estimates of similar phenomena such as the seismic observations of tsunami impact.
C1 [McNamara, D. E.; Ringler, A. T.; Hutt, C. R.; Gee, L. S.] USGS, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP McNamara, DE (reprint author), USGS, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO USA.
EM mcnamara@usgs.gov
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD APR 21
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B04312
DI 10.1029/2010JB007930
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 754KC
UT WOS:000289852500003
ER
PT J
AU Shi, F
Hanes, DM
Kirby, JT
Erikson, L
Barnard, P
Eshleman, J
AF Shi, F.
Hanes, D. M.
Kirby, J. T.
Erikson, L.
Barnard, P.
Eshleman, J.
TI Pressure-gradient-driven nearshore circulation on a beach influenced by
a large inlet-tidal shoal system
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID LONGSHORE CURRENTS; RIP CURRENTS; MODEL; WAVES; TRANSPORT
AB The nearshore circulation induced by a focused pattern of surface gravity waves is studied at a beach adjacent to a major inlet with a large ebb tidal shoal. Using a coupled wave and wave-averaged nearshore circulation model, it is found that the nearshore circulation is significantly affected by the heterogeneous wave patterns caused by wave refraction over the ebb tidal shoal. The model is used to predict waves and currents during field experiments conducted near the mouth of San Francisco Bay and nearby Ocean Beach. The field measurements indicate strong spatial variations in current magnitude and direction and in wave height and direction along Ocean Beach and across the ebb tidal shoal. Numerical simulations suggest that wave refraction over the ebb tidal shoal causes wave focusing toward a narrow region at Ocean Beach. Due to the resulting spatial variation in nearshore wave height, wave-induced setup exhibits a strong alongshore nonuniformity, resulting in a dramatic change in the pressure field compared to a simulation with only tidal forcing. The analysis of momentum balances inside the surf zone shows that, under wave conditions with intensive wave focusing, the alongshore pressure gradient associated with alongshore nonuniform wave setup can be a dominant force driving circulation, inducing heterogeneous alongshore currents. Pressure-gradient-forced alongshore currents can exhibit flow reversals and flow convergence or divergence, in contrast to the uniform alongshore currents typically caused by tides or homogeneous waves.
C1 [Shi, F.; Kirby, J. T.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Hanes, D. M.; Erikson, L.; Barnard, P.; Eshleman, J.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Shi, F (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM fyshi@udel.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanographic Partnership Program
[N00014-06-1-0945]
FX This study was supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal Evolution:
Process-based Multi-Scale Modeling Project and the National
Oceanographic Partnership Program, Project N00014-06-1-0945. Comments
from anonymous reviewers were helpful for improving the manuscript. The
authors would like to express their appreciation to Jeff Hansen and Alex
Apotsos for constructive suggestions during the USGS internal review
process.
NR 32
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD APR 21
PY 2011
VL 116
AR C04020
DI 10.1029/2010JC006788
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 754JV
UT WOS:000289851800003
ER
PT J
AU McCarthy, C
Cooper, RF
Goldsby, DL
Durham, WB
Kirby, SH
AF McCarthy, Christine
Cooper, Reid F.
Goldsby, David L.
Durham, William B.
Kirby, Stephen H.
TI Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate
hydrate eutectic aggregates
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION;
POLYCRYSTALLINE ICE; SOLDER JOINTS; EUROPAS SURFACE; DEFORMATION;
LITHOSPHERE; STRENGTH; STRESS; WATER
AB Using uniaxial compression creep experiments, we characterized the transient and steady state deformation behaviors of eutectic aggregates of system ice I and MgSO4 center dot 11H(2)O (MS11; meridianiite), which has significance because of its likely presence on moons of the outer solar system. Synthetic samples of eutectic liquid bulk composition, which produce eutectic colonies containing 0.35-0.50 volume fraction MS11, were tested as functions of colony size and lamellar spacing, temperature (230-250 K), and confining pressure (0.1 and 50 MPa) to strains <= 0.2. Up to a differential stress of 6 MPa, the ice I-MS11 aggregates display an order of magnitude higher effective viscosity and higher stress sensitivity than do aggregates of pure polycrystalline ice at the same conditions. The creep data and associated microstructural observations demonstrate, however, that the aggregates are additionally more brittle than pure ice, approaching rate-independent plasticity that includes rupture of the hydrate phase at 6-8 MPa, depending on the scale of the microstructure. Microstructures of deformed samples reveal forms of semibrittle flow in which the hydrate phase fractures while the ice phase deforms plastically. Semibrittle flow in the icy shell of a planetary body would truncate the lithospheric strength envelope and thereby decrease the depth to the brittle-ductile transition by 55% and reduce the failure limit for compressional surface features from 10 to similar to 6 MPa. A constitutive equation that includes eutectic colony boundary sliding and intracolony flow is used to describe the steady state rheology of the eutectic aggregates.
C1 [McCarthy, Christine; Cooper, Reid F.; Goldsby, David L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Durham, William B.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Kirby, Stephen H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP McCarthy, C (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1130032, Japan.
EM mccarthy@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp; reid_cooper@brown.edu;
david_goldsby@brown.edu; wbdurham@mit.edu; skirby@usgs.gov
FU NASA [NNX06AD67G]
FX This research is financially supported, in part, by a grant from the
Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program at NASA (grant NNX06AD67G);
that support is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 77
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 20
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E04007
DI 10.1029/2010JE003689
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 754JU
UT WOS:000289851700001
ER
PT J
AU Isaksen, ISA
Gauss, M
Myhre, G
Anthony, KMW
Ruppel, C
AF Isaksen, Ivar S. A.
Gauss, Michael
Myhre, Gunnar
Anthony, Katey M. Walter
Ruppel, Carolyn
TI Strong atmospheric chemistry feedback to climate warming from Arctic
methane emissions
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID PERMAFROST; CARBON; GAS; HYDRATE; OZONE; CYCLE; LAKES; DISSOCIATION;
TROPOSPHERE; PALEOCENE
AB The magnitude and feedbacks of future methane release from the Arctic region are unknown. Despite limited documentation of potential future releases associated with thawing permafrost and degassing methane hydrates, the large potential for future methane releases calls for improved understanding of the interaction of a changing climate with processes in the Arctic and chemical feedbacks in the atmosphere. Here we apply a "state of the art" atmospheric chemistry transport model to show that large emissions of CH4 would likely have an unexpectedly large impact on the chemical composition of the atmosphere and on radiative forcing (RF). The indirect contribution to RF of additional methane emission is particularly important. It is shown that if global methane emissions were to increase by factors of 2.5 and 5.2 above current emissions, the indirect contributions to RF would be about 250% and 400%, respectively, of the RF that can be attributed to directly emitted methane alone. Assuming several hypothetical scenarios of CH4 release associated with permafrost thaw, shallow marine hydrate degassing, and submarine landslides, we find a strong positive feedback on RF through atmospheric chemistry. In particular, the impact of CH4 is enhanced through increase of its lifetime, and of atmospheric abundances of ozone, stratospheric water vapor, and CO2 as a result of atmospheric chemical processes. Despite uncertainties in emission scenarios, our results provide a better understanding of the feedbacks in the atmospheric chemistry that would amplify climate warming.
C1 [Isaksen, Ivar S. A.; Gauss, Michael; Myhre, Gunnar] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
[Isaksen, Ivar S. A.; Myhre, Gunnar] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway.
[Gauss, Michael] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, N-0313 Oslo, Norway.
[Anthony, Katey M. Walter] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Inst No Engn & Int Arctic Res, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Ruppel, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Isaksen, ISA (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
EM i.s.a.isaksen@geo.uio.no
RI Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008;
OI Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632
NR 59
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 5
U2 60
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
EI 1944-9224
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD APR 20
PY 2011
VL 25
AR GB2002
DI 10.1029/2010GB003845
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 754JP
UT WOS:000289851200001
ER
PT J
AU Hoeke, R
Storlazzi, C
Ridd, P
AF Hoeke, Ron
Storlazzi, Curt
Ridd, Peter
TI Hydrodynamics of a bathymetrically complex fringing coral reef
embayment: Wave climate, in situ observations, and wave prediction
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; HANALEI BAY; COASTAL REGIONS; SEA-LEVEL; MODELS;
CIRCULATION; SEDIMENT; DRIVEN; LAGOON; KAUAI
AB This paper examines the relationship between offshore wave climate and nearshore waves and currents at Hanalei Bay, Hawaii, an exposed bay fringed with coral reefs. Analysis of both offshore in situ data and numerical hindcasts identify the predominance of two wave conditions: a mode associated with local trade winds and an episodic pattern associated with distant source long-period swells. Analysis of 10 months of in situ data within the bay show that current velocities are up to an order of magnitude greater during long-period swell episodes than during trade wind conditions; overall circulation patterns are also fundamentally different. The current velocities are highly correlated with incident wave heights during the swell episodes, while they are not during the modal trade wind conditions. A phase-averaged wave model was implemented with the dual purpose of evaluating application to bathymetrically complex fringing reefs and to examine the propagation of waves into the nearshore in an effort to better explain the large difference in observed circulation during the two offshore wave conditions. The prediction quality of this model was poorer for the episodic condition than for the lower-energy mode, however, it illustrated how longer-period swells are preferentially refracted into the bay and make available far more nearshore wave energy to drive currents compared to waves during modal conditions. The highly episodic circulation, the nature of which is dependent on complex refraction patterns of episodic, long-period swell has implications for flushing and sediment dynamics for incised fringing reef-lined bays that characterize many high islands at low latitudes around the world.
C1 [Hoeke, Ron] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
[Hoeke, Ron; Ridd, Peter] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Storlazzi, Curt] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Hoeke, Ron] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
RP Hoeke, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
EM hoeke@hawaii.edu
RI Hoeke, Ron/F-4085-2014; Ridd, Peter/M-5871-2014; TropWATER, Research
ID/P-1401-2014;
OI Hoeke, Ron/0000-0003-0576-9436; Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490
FU U.S. Geological Survey; NOAA; Australia Institute of Marine Science AIMS
at JCU
FX Many thanks to Kathy Presto (USGS) for help with both field work and
analyzing/interpreting much of the in situ data and to Josh Logan (USGS)
and Molly Timmers (NOAA/UH) for assisting in field work. Russell Price
(NOAA) kindly assisted with optimizing SWAN source code and assisting
the computation effort; thanks go to John Rooney (NOAA/UH) and Jonathon
Weiss (NOAA/UH) for collecting multibeam bathymetry to supplement
existing lidar and multibeam and aggregating the data. Many thanks also
to Matt Rosener (Hanalei Watershed Hui) and Carl Berg (formerly Hanalei
Watershed Hui) for field support and local knowledge. Thanks to Kevin
Wong (NOAA) for support and discussions on content. The constructive
comments of Edwin Elias (USGS) on early versions of this manuscript and
guidance on numerical modeling issues are greatly appreciated. Mike
Field (USGS), Li Erikson (USGS), Rusty Brainard (NOAA), and Peter Vroom
(NOAA/UH) all provided reviews and constructive comments on this
manuscript. Amanda Toperoff (NOAA/UH) provided excellent assistance in
the preparation of figures. This work was jointly supported by U.S.
Geological Survey's Coral Reef Project, NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation
Program, and the Australia Institute of Marine Science AIMS at JCU
program.
NR 58
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD APR 20
PY 2011
VL 116
AR C04018
DI 10.1029/2010JC006170
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 754JQ
UT WOS:000289851300001
ER
PT J
AU Tsai, VC
AF Tsai, Victor C.
TI A model for seasonal changes in GPS positions and seismic wave speeds
due to thermoelastic and hydrologic variations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; TIME-SERIES; STRESS; MEDIA; STRAIN; PROPAGATION;
GROUNDWATER; EARTHQUAKE; VELOCITIES; ROCK
AB It is known that GPS time series contain a seasonal variation that is not due to tectonic motions, and it has recently been shown that crustal seismic velocities may also vary seasonally. In order to explain these changes, a number of hypotheses have been given, among which thermoelastic and hydrology-induced stresses and strains are leading candidates. Unfortunately, though, since a general framework does not exist for understanding such seasonal variations, it is currently not possible to quickly evaluate the plausibility of these hypotheses. To fill this gap in the literature, I generalize a two-dimensional thermoelastic strain model to provide an analytic solution for the displacements and wave speed changes due to either thermoelastic stresses or hydrologic loading, which consists of poroelastic stresses and purely elastic stresses. The thermoelastic model assumes a periodic surface temperature, and the hydrologic models similarly assume a periodic near-surface water load. Since all three models are two-dimensional and periodic, they are expected to only approximate any realistic scenario; but the models nonetheless provide a quantitative framework for estimating the effects of thermoelastic and hydrologic variations. Quantitative comparison between the models and observations is further complicated by the large uncertainty in some of the relevant parameters. Despite this uncertainty, though, I find that maximum realistic thermoelastic effects are unlikely to explain a large fraction of the observed annual variation in a typical GPS displacement time series or of the observed annual variations in seismic wave speeds in southern California. Hydrologic loading, on the other hand, may be able to explain a larger fraction of both the annual variations in displacements and seismic wave speeds. Neither model is likely to explain all of the seismic wave speed variations inferred from observations. However, more definitive conclusions cannot be made until the model parameters are better constrained.
C1 US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80403 USA.
RP Tsai, VC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80403 USA.
EM vtsai@post.harvard.edu
RI Tsai, Victor/J-8405-2012
OI Tsai, Victor/0000-0003-1809-6672
FU United States Geological Survey
FX The author thanks P. A. Johnson and two anonymous reviewers for helpful
comments. This research was supported by the Mendenhall Postdoctoral
Fellowship program of the United States Geological Survey.
NR 40
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD APR 19
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B04404
DI 10.1029/2010JB008156
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 754KA
UT WOS:000289852300003
ER
PT J
AU Woodhams, DC
Bosch, J
Briggs, CJ
Cashins, S
Davis, LR
Lauer, A
Muths, E
Puschendorf, R
Schmidt, BR
Sheafor, B
Voyles, J
AF Woodhams, Douglas C.
Bosch, Jaime
Briggs, Cheryl J.
Cashins, Scott
Davis, Leyla R.
Lauer, Antje
Muths, Erin
Puschendorf, Robert
Schmidt, Benedikt R.
Sheafor, Brandon
Voyles, Jamie
TI Mitigating amphibian disease: strategies to maintain wild populations
and control chytridiomycosis
SO FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID PATHOGEN BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; SKIN PEPTIDE DEFENSES; EMERGING
INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; CHYTRID
FUNGUS; CUTANEOUS BACTERIA; ECOLOGICAL ETHICS; MIDWIFE TOAD;
RANA-MUSCOSA
AB Background: Rescuing amphibian diversity is an achievable conservation challenge. Disease mitigation is one essential component of population management. Here we assess existing disease mitigation strategies, some in early experimental stages, which focus on the globally emerging chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We discuss the precedent for each strategy in systems ranging from agriculture to human medicine, and the outlook for each strategy in terms of research needs and long-term potential.
Results: We find that the effects of exposure to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis occur on a spectrum from transient commensal to lethal pathogen. Management priorities are divided between (1) halting pathogen spread and developing survival assurance colonies, and (2) prophylactic or remedial disease treatment. Epidemiological models of chytridiomycosis suggest that mitigation strategies can control disease without eliminating the pathogen. Ecological ethics guide wildlife disease research, but several ethical questions remain for managing disease in the field.
Conclusions: Because sustainable conservation of amphibians in nature is dependent on long-term population persistence and co-evolution with potentially lethal pathogens, we suggest that disease mitigation not focus exclusively on the elimination or containment of the pathogen, or on the captive breeding of amphibian hosts. Rather, successful disease mitigation must be context specific with epidemiologically informed strategies to manage already infected populations by decreasing pathogenicity and host susceptibility. We propose population level treatments based on three steps: first, identify mechanisms of disease suppression; second, parameterize epizootiological models of disease and population dynamics for testing under semi-natural conditions; and third, begin a process of adaptive management in field trials with natural populations.
C1 [Woodhams, Douglas C.; Davis, Leyla R.; Schmidt, Benedikt R.] Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Woodhams, Douglas C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, DPO, AA 34002 USA.
[Bosch, Jaime] CSIC, Dept Biol Evolut & Biodiversidad, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
[Briggs, Cheryl J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Cashins, Scott; Puschendorf, Robert] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Cashins, Scott] James Cook Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Trop Med & Rehabil Sci, Amphibian Dis Ecol Grp, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Lauer, Antje] Calif State Coll Bakersfield, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA.
[Muths, Erin] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Schmidt, Benedikt R.] KARCH, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
[Sheafor, Brandon] Carroll Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Helena, MT 59625 USA.
[Voyles, Jamie] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Woodhams, DC (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM dwoodhams@gmail.com
RI Schmidt, Benedikt/B-8491-2008; Bosch, Jaime/H-3042-2011; Woodhams,
Douglas/B-1962-2012; Puschendorf, Robert/B-6280-2011; Briggs,
Cheryl/F-7456-2013; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014;
OI Schmidt, Benedikt/0000-0002-4023-1001; Puschendorf,
Robert/0000-0002-8105-171X; Bosch, Jaime/0000-0002-0099-7934
FU Claraz Foundation; Swiss National Science Foundation [31-125099,
IZ32Z0_133187/1]; USGS' Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative;
University of Zurich
FX We thank Dr. H. Brandl and Dr. A. Bannigan for assistance with
microscopy, and Dr. R.N. Harris for discussion and unpublished results.
DCW was supported by the Claraz Foundation, and the Swiss National
Science Foundation (31-125099). EM was partially supported by the USGS'
Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. This manuscript is
contribution number 372 to the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring
Initiative and contributed to an International Exploratory Workshop
supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (IZ32Z0_133187/1) and
the University of Zurich.
NR 242
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U1 13
U2 146
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1742-9994
J9 FRONT ZOOL
JI Front. Zool.
PD APR 18
PY 2011
VL 8
AR 8
DI 10.1186/1742-9994-8-8
PG 23
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 767KV
UT WOS:000290856400001
PM 21496358
ER
PT J
AU Ashley, JW
Golombek, MP
Christensen, PR
Squyres, SW
McCoy, TJ
Schroder, C
Fleischer, I
Johnson, JR
Herkenhoff, KE
Parker, TJ
AF Ashley, J. W.
Golombek, M. P.
Christensen, P. R.
Squyres, S. W.
McCoy, T. J.
Schroeder, C.
Fleischer, I.
Johnson, J. R.
Herkenhoff, K. E.
Parker, T. J.
TI Evidence for mechanical and chemical alteration of iron-nickel
meteorites on Mars: Process insights for Meridiani Planum
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC METEORITES; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES;
GALACTIC EVOLUTION; BURNS FORMATION; GROUND ICE; ORIGIN; SURFACE;
OXIDATION; SILICON
AB The weathering of meteorites found on Mars involves chemical and physical processes that can provide clues to climate conditions at the location of their discovery. Beginning on sol 1961, the Opportunity rover encountered three large iron meteorites within a few hundred meters of each other. In order of discovery, these rocks have been assigned the unofficial names Block Island, Shelter Island, and Mackinac Island. Each rock presents a unique but complimentary set of features that increase our understanding of weathering processes at Meridiani Planum. Significant morphologic characteristics interpretable as weathering features include (1) a large pit in Block Island, lined with delicate iron protrusions suggestive of inclusion removal by corrosive interaction; (2) differentially eroded kamacite and taenite lamellae in Block Island and Shelter Island, providing relative timing through crosscutting relationships with deposition of (3) an iron oxide-rich dark coating; (4) regmaglypted surfaces testifying to regions of minimal surface modification, with other regions in the same meteorites exhibiting (5) large-scale, cavernous weathering (in Shelter Island and Mackinac Island). We conclude that the current size of the rocks is approximate to their original postfall contours. Their morphology thus likely results from a combination of atmospheric interaction and postfall weathering effects. Among our specific findings is evidence supporting (1) at least one possible episode of aqueous acidic exposure for Block Island; (2) ripple migration over portions of the meteorites; (3) a minimum of two separate episodes of wind abrasion; alternating with (4) at least one episode of coating-forming chemical alteration, most likely at subzero temperatures.
C1 [Ashley, J. W.; Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Golombek, M. P.; Parker, T. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Schroeder, C.] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany.
[Fleischer, I.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, Mainz, Germany.
[Johnson, J. R.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Ashley, JW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015
OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039;
FU NASA [NNX06-AD83H]
FX We would like to express our sincerest thanks to our two anonymous
reviewers. Jonathan Hill and Eliana McCartney were supportive in the
acquisition of data products. Marc Fries was helpful in preliminary
discussions. Ella Mae Lee and Bonnie Redding from the USGS team are
thanked for assembling the MI mosaics for this paper. Laurence Garvie of
Arizona State University's Center for Meteorite Studies is acknowledged
for access to meteorite collections and discussions. For the MIPL
geometric model of Block Island, we thank Nick Ruoff for tiepointing and
localization, Oleg Pariser for meshing, Kris Capraro for masking off bad
areas, Zareh Gorjian and Mike Stetson for cleaning up the model and
determining the volume, and Bob Deen for overseeing the effort. Funding
was provided in part through NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program
grant NNX06-AD83H.
NR 112
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 16
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00F20
DI 10.1029/2010JE003672
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 751WA
UT WOS:000289647200001
ER
PT J
AU Miller, IM
Warrick, JA
Morgan, C
AF Miller, Ian M.
Warrick, Jonathan A.
Morgan, Chris
TI Observations of coarse sediment movements on the mixed beach of the
Elwha Delta, Washington
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE mixed grain beach; mixed sand/gravel/beach; beach erosion; Strait of
Juan de Fuca; alongshore transport
ID GRAVEL BEACH; GRAIN-SIZE; TRANSPORT; SAND; RIVER; WAVES; ENVIRONMENTS;
MORPHOLOGY; THRESHOLD; SHORELINE
AB Mixed beaches, with poorly sorted grains of multiple sizes, are a common and globally distributed shoreline type. Despite this, rates and mechanisms of sediment transport on mixed beaches are poorly understood. A series of tracer deployments using native clasts implanted with Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID) tags was used to develop a better understanding of sediment transport directions and magnitudes on the mixed grain-size beach of the Elwha River delta. Using tracer samples selected to match the distribution of the coarse fraction on the beach we find that all grain sizes, up to large cobbles (128-256 mm), were mobile under most measured wave conditions and move in relationship to the direction of the alongshore component of wave energy as estimated by incident breaking wave angles. In locations where the breaking wave is normal to the shoreline we find that tracers move in both alongshore directions with approximately equal frequency. In locations where breaking waves are oblique to the shoreline we find that alongshore transport is more unidirectional and tracers can approach average velocities of 100 m/day under winter wave conditions. We use the tracer cloud to estimate the beach active width, the mobile layer depth and sediment velocity. Our results suggest that, while sediment velocity increases under increased incident wave angles, the active layer depth and width decrease, reducing sediment flux at the site with the more oblique breaking waves. This result is contrary to what is suggested by traditional wave energy transport models of alongshore sediment transport. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Miller, Ian M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Morgan, Chris] Olymp Pk Inst, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA.
RP Miller, IM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM immiller@ucsc.edu; jwarrick@usgs.gov; morganc9@students.wwu.edu
FU Friends of Long Marine Lab; Thomas Pratte Memorial Scholarship; Dr. Earl
H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; US
Geological Survey's Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Andrea Ogsten, Kristen Lee, the Olympic
Park Institute, Suzanne Gray, Adrian Shulock, Gordon Malarkey, and WSU
BeachWatchers of Clallam County for field support and assistance. A huge
debt of gratitude is owed to the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, who provided
logistical and field support, and Dave Rundio and Morgan Bond at NOAA's
Southwest Fisheries Science Center who provided the RFID reader and
invaluable advice. This investigation benefited enormously and was
vastly improved through discussions with Greg Curtiss, Dr. Jonathan
Allan, Dr. Gary Griggs, Dr. Dan Buscombe, Dr. Guy Gelfenbaum, Dr. Chris
Edwards and Dr. Noah Finnegan. Finally, financial support for the
project was provided by the Friends of Long Marine Lab, the Thomas
Pratte Memorial Scholarship, the Dr. Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers
Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust and the US Geological Survey's
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center.
NR 56
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 282
IS 3-4
BP 201
EP 214
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.02.012
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 771CB
UT WOS:000291133700005
ER
PT J
AU O'Shea, TJ
Ellison, LE
Stanley, TR
AF O'Shea, Thomas J.
Ellison, Laura E.
Stanley, Thomas R.
TI Adult survival and population growth rate in Colorado big brown bats
(Eptesicus fuscus)
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE big brown bats; Colorado; Eptesicus fuscus; matrix models; population
growth; seasonality; sensitivity analysis; survival
ID MARKED ANIMALS; CHALINOLOBUS-TUBERCULATUS; TEMPORAL VARIATION;
MYOTIS-SODALIS; LIFE-HISTORY; NEW-ZEALAND; DYNAMICS; MODEL; DROUGHT;
PROBABILITIES
AB We studied adult survival and population growth at multiple maternity colonies of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Fort Collins, Colorado. We investigated hypotheses about survival using information-theoretic methods and mark recapture analyses based on passive detection of adult females tagged with passive integrated transponders. We constructed a 3-stage life-history matrix model to estimate population growth rate (X) and assessed the relative importance of adult survival and other life-history parameters to population growth through elasticity and sensitivity analysis. Annual adult survival at 5 maternity colonies monitored from 2001 to 2005 was estimated at 0.79 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.77-0.82). Adult survival varied by year and roost, with low survival during an extreme drought year, a finding with negative implications for bat populations because of the likelihood of increasing drought in western North America due to global climate change. Adult survival during winter was higher than in summer, and mean life expectancies calculated from survival estimates were lower than maximum longevity records. We modeled adult survival with recruitment parameter estimates from the same population. The study population was growing (lambda = 1.096; 95% CI = 1.057-1.135). Adult survival was the most important demographic parameter for population growth. Growth clearly had the highest elasticity to adult survival, followed by juvenile survival and adult fecundity (approximately equivalent in rank). Elasticity was lowest for fecundity of yearlings. The relative importances of the various life-history parameters for population growth rate are similar to those of large mammals.
C1 [O'Shea, Thomas J.; Ellison, Laura E.; Stanley, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM osheat@usgs.gov
FU United States Geological Survey; National Science Foundation Ecology of
Infectious Diseases [0094959]
FX Professor R. Bowen developed the database and provided guidance and
encouragement throughout the project. D. Neubaum, M. Neubaum, and R.
Pearce helped in all phases of data collection throughout the study.
Additional assistance was provided by S. Almon, J. Ammon, T. Barnes, J.
Boland, L. Bonewell, M. Carson, K. Castle, S. Cooper, T. Dawes, D.
Emptage, L. Galvin, D. Grossblat, M. Hayes, B. lannone, E. Kennedy, R.
Kerscher, J. LaPlante, H. Lookingbill, G. Nance, S. Neils, C. Newby, V.
Price, C. Reynolds, S. Smith, L. Taraba, J. Tharp, T. Torcoletti, and M.
Vrabely. Useful suggestions in planning were provided by D. Anderson, C.
Rupprecht, and J. Wimsatt. L. Ansell gave administrative support. We
thank P. Cryan, D. George, N. Slade, and an anonymous reviewer for
comments on he manuscript. This research was supported by the United
States Geological Survey and a National Science Foundation Ecology of
Infectious Diseases grant (0094959) to Colorado State University. Use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the United States government. Bats were
captured under authority of a scientific collecting license issued by
the Colorado Division of Wildlife.
NR 56
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U1 2
U2 48
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 2
BP 433
EP 443
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-162.1
PG 11
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 754PV
UT WOS:000289869700017
ER
PT J
AU Aiken, G
Hsu-Kim, H
Ryan, J
Alvarez, P
AF Aiken, George
Hsu-Kim, Helen
Ryan, Joe
Alvarez, Pedro
TI Guest Comment: Nanoscale Metal-Organic Matter Interactions
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Aiken, George] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Aiken, George] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hsu-Kim, Helen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
[Hsu-Kim, Helen] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Natl Sci Fdn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Ryan, Joe] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Alvarez, Pedro] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA.
RP Aiken, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
EM graiken@usgs.gov
RI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/A-5409-2008
OI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 8
BP 3194
EP 3195
DI 10.1021/es2007148
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 747SZ
UT WOS:000289341300002
PM 21486096
ER
PT J
AU Aiken, GR
Hsu-Kim, H
Ryan, JN
AF Aiken, George R.
Hsu-Kim, Heileen
Ryan, Joseph N.
TI Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Environmental Fate of
Metals, Nanoparticles, and Colloids
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NATURAL-WATERS; SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; HUMIC-ACID; PRECIPITATION;
PARTICLES; STABILITY; OXIDATION; LIGANDS; BINDING; MODEL
C1 [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Aiken, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM graiken@usgs.gov
RI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/A-5409-2008; Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012
OI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308;
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Department of Defense; National Science
Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of
Energy
FX We thank M.-N. Croteau, R Harvey, A. Slowey, L. Larsen, and three
anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments to the manuscript.
H.H. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Department of
Defense, and the Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology
(funded by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency). J.R was funded by the National Science Foundation
and the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 49
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U1 21
U2 214
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 8
BP 3196
EP 3201
DI 10.1021/es103992s
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 747SZ
UT WOS:000289341300003
PM 21405118
ER
PT J
AU Deonarine, A
Lau, BLT
Aiken, GR
Ryan, JN
Hsu-Kim, H
AF Deonarine, Amrika
Lau, Boris L. T.
Aiken, George R.
Ryan, Joseph N.
Hsu-Kim, Heileen
TI Effects of Humic Substances on Precipitation and Aggregation of Zinc
Sulfide Nanoparticles
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; MERCURIC SULFIDE; FLORIDA EVERGLADES;
MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; THIOLS; SULFUR; WATERS; COMPLEXATION; DISSOLUTION;
STABILITY
AB Nanoparticulate metal sulfides such as ZnS can influence the transport and bioavailability of pollutant metals in anaerobic environments. The aim of this work was to investigate how the composition of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) influences the stability of zinc sulfide nanoparticles as they nucleate and aggregate in water with dissolved NOM. We compared NOM fractions that were isolated from several surface waters and represented a range of characteristics including molecular weight, type of carbon, and ligand density. Dynamic light scattering was employed to monitor the growth and aggregation of Zn-S-NOM nanoparticles in supersaturated solutions containing dissolved aquatic humic substances. The NOM was observed to reduce particle growth rates, depending on solution variables such as type and concentration of NOM, monovalent electrolyte concentration, and pH. The rates of growth increased with increasing ionic strength, indicating that observed growth rates primarily represented aggregation of charged Zn-S-NOM particles. Furthermore, the observed rates decreased with increasing molecular weight and aromatic content of the NOM fractions, while carboxylate and reduced sulfur content had little effect. Differences between NOM were likely due to properties that increased electrosteric hindrances for aggregation. Overall, results of this study suggest that the composition and source of NOM are key factors that contribute to the stabilization and persistence of zinc, sulfide nanoparticles in the aquatic environment.
C1 [Deonarine, Amrika; Lau, Boris L. T.; Hsu-Kim, Heileen] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Ryan, Joseph N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Hsu-Kim, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
EM hsukim@duke.edu
RI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/A-5409-2008; Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012
OI Hsu-Kim, Heileen/0000-0003-0675-4308;
FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FX We thank J. Nason at Oregon State University and C. Gerbig at CU-Boulder
for their valuable comments to the manuscript. This research was support
by the Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, funded
by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. TEM images were acquired with the help of R. Garcia at the NC
State Analytical Instrumentation Facility and M. Gignac at the Duke
University Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility. The use of brand
names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 31
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U1 10
U2 94
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 8
BP 3217
EP 3223
DI 10.1021/es1029798
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 747SZ
UT WOS:000289341300006
PM 21291228
ER
PT J
AU Harvey, RW
Metge, DW
Mohanram, A
Gao, XD
Chorover, J
AF Harvey, Ronald W.
Metge, David W.
Mohanram, Arvind
Gao, Xiaodong
Chorover, Jon
TI Differential Effects of Dissolved Organic Carbon upon Re-Entrainment and
Surface Properties of Groundwater Bacteria and Bacteria-Sized
Microspheres during Transport through a Contaminated, Sandy Aquifer
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POROUS-MEDIA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; COATED
SAND; ADHESION; WATER; HYDROPHOBICITY; HYDROCARBONS; ATTACHMENT;
DEPOSITION
AB Injection-and-recovery studies involving a contaminated, sandy aquifer (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) were conducted to assess the relative susceptibility for in situ re-entrainment of attached groundwater bacteria (Pseudomonas stuzeri ML2, and uncultured, native bacteria) and carboxylate-modified microspheres (0.2 and 1.0 mu m diameters). Different patterns of re-entrainment were evident for the two colloids in response to subsequent injections of groundwater (hydrodynamic perturbation), deionized water (ionic strength alteration), 77 mu M linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS, anionic surfactant), and 76 mu M Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, a very hydrophobic nonionic surfactant). An injection of deionized water was more effective in causing detachment of micrsopheres than were either of the surfactants, consistent with the more electrostatic nature of microsphere's attachment, their extreme hydrophilicity (hydrophilicity index HI, of 0.99), and negative charge (zeta potentials, zeta, of -44 to -49 my). In contrast, Tween 80 was considerably more effective in re-entraining the more-hydrophobic native bacteria. Both the hydrophilicities and zeta potentials of the native bacteria were highly sensitive to and linearly correlated with levels of groundwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which varied modestly from 0,6 to 1.3 mg L-1. The most hydrophilic (0.52 HI) and negatively charged (zeta -38.1 my) indigenous bacteria were associated with the lowest DOC. FTIR spectra indicated the latter community had the highest average density of surface carboxyl groups. In contrast, differences in groundwater (DOC) had no measurable effect on hydrophilicity of the bacteria-sized microspheres and only a minor effect on their zeta. These findings suggest that microspheres may not be very good surrogates for bacteria in field-scale transport studies and that adaptive (biological) changes in bacterial surface characteristics may need to be considered where there is longer-term exposure to contaminant DOC.
C1 [Harvey, Ronald W.; Metge, David W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Mohanram, Arvind] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Gao, Xiaodong; Chorover, Jon] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Harvey, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM rwharvey@usgs.gov
RI Gao, Xiaodong/C-5291-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013
OI Gao, Xiaodong/0000-0001-8568-0030; Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503
FU USGS
FX The advice and assistance of Denis LeBlanc of the USGS
Massachusetts/Rhode Island District and Kathy Hess (USEPA), David Kinner
(Western Carolina University), Annie Pieper, and Joseph Ryan (University
of Colorado) for their help on the field studies are gratefully
acknowledged. Funding for the field work was provided, in part, by the
USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program. Use of brand names is for
informational purposes only and does not constitute product endorsement
by the authors, USGS, or the publisher.
NR 39
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U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 8
BP 3252
EP 3259
DI 10.1021/es102989x
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 747SZ
UT WOS:000289341300011
PM 21275400
ER
PT J
AU Williams, LB
Metge, DW
Eberl, DD
Harvey, RW
Turner, AG
Prapaipong, P
Poret-Peterson, AT
AF Williams, Lynda B.
Metge, David W.
Eberl, Dennis D.
Harvey, Ronald W.
Turner, Amanda G.
Prapaipong, Panjai
Poret-Peterson, Amisha T.
TI What Makes a Natural Clay Antibacterial?
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; FENTON
REACTION; DNA-DAMAGE; IRON; MINERALS; BACTERIA; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION
AB Natural clays have been used in ancient and modern medicine, but the mechanism(s) that make certain clays lethal against bacterial pathogens has not been identified. We have compared the depositional environments, mineralogies, and chemistries of clays that exhibit antibacterial effects on a broad spectrum of human pathogens including antibiotic resistant strains. Natural antibacterial clays contain nanoscale (<200 nm), illite-smectite and reduced iron phases. The role of clay minerals in the bactericidal process is to buffer the aqueous pH and oxidation state to conditions that promote Fe2+ solubility.
Chemical analyses of E. coli killed by aqueous leachates of an antibacterial clay show that intracellular concentrations of Fe and P are elevated relative to controls. Phosphorus uptake by the cells supports a regulatory role of polyphosphate or phospholipids in controlling Fe2+. Fenton reaction products can degrade critical cell components, but we deduce that extracellular processes do not cause cell death. Rather, Fe2+ overwhelms outer membrane regulatory proteins and is oxidized when it enters the cell, precipitating Fe3+ and producing lethal hydroxyl radicals.
C1 [Williams, Lynda B.; Turner, Amanda G.; Prapaipong, Panjai; Poret-Peterson, Amisha T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Metge, David W.; Eberl, Dennis D.; Harvey, Ronald W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Williams, LB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM Lynda.Williams@asu.edu
RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013
OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503
FU NIH [R21 AT003618]; ASU School of Life Sciences, Center for Solid State
Science; NASA Astrobiology Institute
FX We thank Oregon Mineral Technologies, Inc. for access to their mineral
deposit. T. Cunningham and D. Lowry provided TEM images; S. Haydel
assisted with microbiology pilot studies. NIH grant R21 AT003618
partially supported this research. We appreciate support from the ASU
School of Life Sciences, Center for Solid State Science, and NASA
Astrobiology Institute. The author(s) declare that they have no
competing interests.
NR 44
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 4
U2 65
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 8
BP 3768
EP 3773
DI 10.1021/es1040688
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 747SZ
UT WOS:000289341300081
PM 21413758
ER
PT J
AU Yates, ML
Guza, RT
O'Reilly, WC
Hansen, JE
Barnard, PL
AF Yates, M. L.
Guza, R. T.
O'Reilly, W. C.
Hansen, J. E.
Barnard, P. L.
TI Equilibrium shoreline response of a high wave energy beach
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-CAROLINA; SURF ZONES; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; PROFILES; EROSION;
MODEL; DUCK
AB Four years of beach elevation surveys at Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California, are used to extend an existing equilibrium shoreline change model, previously calibrated with fine sand and moderate energy waves, to medium sand and higher-energy waves. The shoreline, characterized as the cross-shore location of the mean high water contour, varied seasonally by between 30 and 60 m, depending on the alongshore location. The equilibrium shoreline change model relates the rate of horizontal shoreline displacement to the hourly wave energy E and the wave energy disequilibrium, the difference between E and the equilibrium wave energy that would cause no change in the present shoreline location. Values for the model shoreline response coefficients are tuned to fit the observations in 500 m alongshore segments and averaged over segments where the model has good skill and the estimated effects of neglected alongshore sediment transport are relatively small. Using these representative response coefficients for 0.3 mm sand from Ocean Beach and driving the model with much lower-energy winter waves observed at San Onofre Beach (also 0.3 mm sand) in southern California, qualitatively reproduces the small seasonal shoreline fluctuations at San Onofre. This consistency suggests that the shoreline model response coefficients depend on grain size and may be constant, and thus transportable, between sites with similar grain size and different wave climates. The calibrated model response coefficients predict that for equal fluctuations in wave energy, changes in shoreline location on a medium-grained (0.3 mm) beach are much smaller than on a previously studied fine-grained (0.2 mm) beach.
C1 [Hansen, J. E.; Barnard, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Yates, M. L.; Guza, R. T.; O'Reilly, W. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Hansen, J. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Yates, ML (reprint author), Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, 3 Ave Claude Guillemin, F-45060 Orleans, France.
EM myates@coast.ucsd.edu
RI Hansen, Jeff/H-9350-2014;
OI Hansen, Jeff/0000-0002-8882-3866; Yates, Marissa/0000-0001-5775-3933
NR 30
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 116
AR C04014
DI 10.1029/2010JC006681
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 751VU
UT WOS:000289646600002
ER
PT J
AU Fan, ZS
Neff, JC
Harden, JW
Zhang, TJ
Veldhuis, H
Czimczik, CI
Winston, GC
O'Donnell, JA
AF Fan, Zhaosheng
Neff, Jason C.
Harden, Jennifer W.
Zhang, Tingjun
Veldhuis, Hugo
Czimczik, Claudia I.
Winston, Gregory C.
O'Donnell, Jonathan A.
TI Water and heat transport in boreal soils: Implications for soil response
to climate change
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Boreal; Carbon; Climate change; Water movement; Water vapor; Permafrost
ID KINEMATIC WAVE APPROACH; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY;
INTERIOR ALASKA; ORGANIC-MATTER; VADOSE ZONE; CARBON; FLOW; TEMPERATURE;
PEATLANDS
AB Soil water content strongly affects permafrost dynamics by changing the soil thermal properties. However, the movement of liquid water, which plays an important role in the heat transport of temperate soils, has been under-represented in boreal studies. Two different heat transport models with and without convective heat transport were compared to measurements of soil temperatures in four boreal sites with different stand ages and drainage classes. Overall, soil temperatures during the growing season tended to be over-estimated by 2-4 degrees C when movement of liquid water and water vapor was not represented in the model. The role of heat transport in water has broad implications for site responses to warming and suggests reduced vulnerability of permafrost to thaw at drier sites. This result is consistent with field observations of faster thaw in response to warming in wet sites compared to drier sites over the past 30 years in Canadian boreal forests. These results highlight that representation of water flow in heat transport models is important to simulate future soil thermal or permafrost dynamics under a changing climate. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fan, Zhaosheng; Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Zhang, Tingjun] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Veldhuis, Hugo] Univ Manitoba, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
[Czimczik, Claudia I.; Winston, Gregory C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Fan, ZS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM fanz@colorado.edu
RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012;
OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472
FU National Institute for Climate Change Research; U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE-NICCR) [MPC 35UT-01]; US National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) [NNX06AE65G]
FX This modeling research was supported by the National Institute for
Climate Change Research, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-NICCR; grant #:
MPC 35UT-01) and the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA; grant #: NNX06AE65G). Field research was supported by the U.S.
National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S.
Geological Survey, and the Natural Resources Canada programs. We thank
C.S. Carbone, M. Goulden, S. Trumbore (University of California at
Irvine), K. Manies, and L Pruett (U.S. Geological Survey) for their
assistance in the field and/or laboratory experiments. Also, we greatly
appreciate the helpful comments from A.D. McGuire (USGS/University of
Alaska at Fairbanks (UAF)) and F. Yuan (UAF).
NR 52
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 409
IS 10
BP 1836
EP 1842
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.009
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 748MO
UT WOS:000289394900011
PM 21356544
ER
PT J
AU Starratt, SW
AF Starratt, Scott W.
TI Proceedings of the 24th Pacific climate workshop (PACLIM): Introduction
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Starratt, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Volcano Hazards Team, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM sstarrat@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
J9 QUATERN INT
JI Quat. Int.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 235
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.023
PG 2
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 742HR
UT WOS:000288932800001
ER
PT J
AU Barron, JA
Anderson, L
AF Barron, John A.
Anderson, Lesleigh
TI Enhanced Late Holocene ENSO/PDO expression along the margins of the
eastern North Pacific
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 24th Pacific Climate Workshop (PACLIM)
CY APR 19-22, 2009
CL Pacific Grove, CA
DE Holocene; North Pacific; ENSO; PDO; Paleoclimate; Upwelling
ID SOUTHWEST YUKON-TERRITORY; EL-NINO/SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WESTERN
UNITED-STATES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA;
COAST RANGE; LAKE-LEVEL; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MIDDLE HOLOCENE
AB Pacific climate is known to have varied during the Holocene, but spatial patterns remain poorly defined. This paper compiles terrestrial and marine proxy data from sites along the northeastern Pacific margins and proposes that they indicate 1) suppressed ENSO conditions during the middle Holocene between similar to 8000 and 4000 cal BP with a North Pacific that generally resembled a La Nina-like or more negative PDO phase and 2) a climate transition between similar to 4200 and 3000 cal BP that appears to be the teleconnected expression to a more modern-like ENSO Pacific. Compared to modern day conditions, the compiled data suggest that during the middle Holocene, the Aleutian Low was generally weaker during the winter and/or located more to the west, while the North Pacific High was stronger during the summer and located more to the north. Coastal upwelling off California was more enhanced during the summer and fall but suppressed during the spring. Oregon and California sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were cooler. The Santa Barbara Basin had an anomalous record, suggesting warmer SSTs.
Late Holocene records indicate a more variable, El Nino-like, and more positive PDO Pacific. The Aleutian Low became more intensified during the winter and/or located more to the east. The North Pacific High became weaker and/or displaced more to the south. Coastal upwelling off California intensified during the spring but decreased during the fall. Oregon and California SSTs became warmer, recording the shoreward migration of sub-tropical gyre waters during the fall, while spring upwelling (cooler SST) increased in the Santa Barbara Basin. The high-resolution proxy records indicate enhanced ENSO and PDO variability after similar to 4000 cal BP off southern California, similar to 3400 cal BP off northern California, and by similar to 2000 cal BP in southwestern Yukon. A progressively northward migration of the ENSO teleconnection during the late Holocene is proposed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
C1 [Barron, John A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Anderson, Lesleigh] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jbarron@usgs.gov; land@usgs.gov
NR 80
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 3
U2 34
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
J9 QUATERN INT
JI Quat. Int.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 235
BP 3
EP 12
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.02.026
PG 10
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 742HR
UT WOS:000288932800002
ER
PT J
AU McGann, M
AF McGann, Mary
TI Paleoceanographic changes on the Farallon Escarpment off central
California during the last 16,000 years
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 24th Pacific Climate Workshop (PACLIM)
CY APR 19-22, 2009
CL Pacific Grove, CA
ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONE; SEA BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;
SURFACE TEMPERATURE-CHANGES; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA;
CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALEOTEMPERATURE EQUATIONS; SEASONAL
SUCCESSION
AB New benthic and planktic foraminiferal assemblage census data and Benthic Foraminiferal Oxygen Index (BFOI) values, previously published marine climate proxy data (stable isotopes and Ca/Cd), and unpublished results of total carbon, organic carbon, and calcium carbonate analyses of sediments recovered off central California on the Farallon Escarpment (1605 m water depth; 37 degrees 13.4'N, 123 degrees 14.6'W; core F-8-90-G21) document paleoceanographic changes during the latest Quaternary which reflect the intensity and source of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) and surface productivity. Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates of both benthic and planktic species provide an excellent age-depth model for the last 16,000 years, covering the latest glacial, Belling-Allered, Younger Dryas, and early, middle, and late Holocene intervals. A Q-mode cluster analysis separated the benthic fauna into three clusters, one Pleistocene and two Holocene, whereas the planktic fauna was divided only into Pleistocene and Holocene clusters. Stable oxygen isotope values show an increase in water temperature of similar to 1 degrees C from the late glacial to late Holocene and a change in faunal composition of the planktic assemblage implies surface waters warmed as well. A general trend of decreasing dissolved oxygen concentration from the Pleistocene (high oxic; 3.0-6.0+ ml/l O(2)) to the Holocene (low oxic; 1.5-3.0 ml/l O(2)) suggested by the BFOI and Cd/Ca data reflect decreased ventilation as the source of the NPIW shifted from the Sea of Okhotsk to the tropical east Pacific at similar to 11,000 cal BP. The middle Holocene cooling reported in other central and northern California margin studies is not apparent in F-8-90-G21, which compares more favorably with studies from southern California and British Columbia. Total carbon and organic carbon values are highest in the Balling-Altered, early Holocene, and late Holocene. Similarly, calcium carbonate values are high in the Belling-Allered and peak in the early Holocene, but decrease significantly in the latest middle and late Holocene which coincides with a depauparate planktic foraminiferal fauna in the upper 60 cm (similar to 7000-0 cal BP) of the core and poor preservation of the benthic foraminiferal fauna at 40 cm (similar to 3000 cal BP). Decoupling is evident between the planktic and benthic faunal response to changing climatic conditions, with the surface-dwelling assemblage often leading the bottom-dwelling assemblage by several millennia. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, M-S 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mmcgann@usgs.gov
NR 108
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
J9 QUATERN INT
JI Quat. Int.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 235
BP 26
EP 39
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.09.005
PG 14
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 742HR
UT WOS:000288932800004
ER
PT J
AU Benson, LV
Lund, SP
Smoot, JP
Rhode, DE
Spencer, RJ
Verosub, KL
Louderback, LA
Johnson, CA
Rye, RO
Negrini, RM
AF Benson, L. V.
Lund, S. P.
Smoot, J. P.
Rhode, D. E.
Spencer, R. J.
Verosub, K. L.
Louderback, L. A.
Johnson, C. A.
Rye, R. O.
Negrini, R. M.
TI The rise and fall of Lake Bonneville between 45 and 10.5 ka
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 24th Pacific Climate Workshop (PACLIM)
CY APR 19-22, 2009
CL Pacific Grove, CA
ID SECULAR VARIATION RECORDS; GREAT-SALT-LAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLACIAL
MAXIMUM; NORTH-AMERICA; LEVEL; UTAH; BASIN; ICE; USA
AB A sediment core taken from the western edge of the Bonneville Basin has provided high-resolution proxy records of relative lake-size change for the period 45.1-10.5 calendar ka (hereafter ka). Age control was provided by a paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV)-based age model for Blue Lake core BL04-4. Continuous records of delta O-18 and total inorganic carbon (TIC) generally match an earlier lake-level envelope based on outcrops and geomorphic features, but with differences in the timing of some hydrologic events/states. The Stansbury Oscillation was found to consist of two oscillations centered on 25 and 24 ka. Lake Bonneville appears to have reached its geomorphic highstand and began spilling at 18.5 ka. The fall from the highstand to the Provo level occurred at 17.0 ka and the lake intermittently overflowed at the Provo level until 15.2 ka, at which time the lake fell again, bottoming out at similar to 14.7 ka. The lake also fell briefly below the Provo level at similar to 15.9 ka. Carbonate and delta O-18 data indicate that between 14.7 and 13.1 ka the lake slowly rose to the Gilbert shoreline and remained at about that elevation until 11.6 ka, when it fell again. Chemical and sedimentological data indicate that a marsh formed in the Blue Lake area at 10.5 ka.
Relatively dry periods in the BL04-4 records are associated with Heinrich events H1-H4, suggesting that either the warming that closely followed a Heinrich event increased the evaporation rate in the Bonneville Basin and (or) that the core of the polar jet stream (PJS) shifted north of the Bonneville Basin in response to massive losses of ice from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during the Heinrich event. The second Stansbury Oscillation occurred during Heinrich event H2, and the Gilbert wet event occurred during the Younger Dryas cold interval. Several relatively wet events in BL04-4 occur during Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) warm events.
The growth of the Bear River glacier between 32 and 17 ka paralleled changes in the values of proxy indicators of Bonneville Basin wetness and terminal moraines on the western side of the Wasatch Mountains have ages ranging from 16.9 to 15.2 ka. This suggests a near synchroneity of change in the hydrologic and cryologic balances occurring in the Bonneville drainage system and that glacial extent was linked to lake size. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
C1 [Benson, L. V.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Lund, S. P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Smoot, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Rhode, D. E.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Spencer, R. J.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Verosub, K. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Louderback, L. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Johnson, C. A.; Rye, R. O.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[Negrini, R. M.] Calif State Univ, Dept Geol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA.
RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM lbenson@usgs.gov; slund@usc.edu; jpsmoot@usg.gov; dave@dri.edu;
spencer@ucalgary.ca; klverosub@ucdavis.edu;
Lisbeth.louderback@gmail.com; cjohnso@usgs.gov; rnegrini@csub.edu
NR 47
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 27
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
EI 1873-4553
J9 QUATERN INT
JI Quat. Int.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 235
BP 57
EP 69
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.014
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 742HR
UT WOS:000288932800007
ER
PT J
AU Chen, J
Zhu, XL
Vogelmann, JE
Gao, F
Jin, SM
AF Chen, Jin
Zhu, Xiaolin
Vogelmann, James E.
Gao, Feng
Jin, Suming
TI A simple and effective method for filling gaps in Landsat ETM plus
SLC-off images
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Landsat ETM; SLC-off; Gap filling
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; COVER; MODIS; CALIBRATION; SENSORS; TM
AB The scan-line corrector (SIC) of the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor failed in 2003, resulting in about 22% of the pixels per scene not being scanned. The SLC failure has seriously limited the scientific applications of ETM+ data. While there have been a number of methods developed to fill in the data gaps, each method has shortcomings, especially for heterogeneous landscapes. Based on the assumption that the same-class neighboring pixels around the un-scanned pixels have similar spectral characteristics, and that these neighboring and un-scanned pixels exhibit similar patterns of spectral differences between dates, we developed a simple and effective method to interpolate the values of the pixels within the gaps. We refer to this method as the Neighborhood Similar Pixel Interpolator (NSPI). Simulated and actual SIC-off ETM+ images were used to assess the performance of the NSPI. Results indicate that NSPI can restore the value of un-scanned pixels very accurately, and that it works especially well in heterogeneous regions. In addition, it can work well even if there is a relatively long time interval or significant spectral changes between the input and target image. The filled images appear reasonably spatially continuous without obvious striping patterns. Supervised classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm was done on both gap-filled simulated SIC-off data and the original "gap free" data set, and it was found that classification results, including accuracies, were very comparable. This indicates that gap-filled products generated by NSPI will have relevance to the user community for various land cover applications. In addition, the simple principle and high computational efficiency of NSPI will enable processing large volumes of SIC-off ETM+ data. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Vogelmann, James E.; Jin, Suming] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Chen, Jin; Zhu, Xiaolin] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Zhu, Xiaolin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Gao, Feng] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Gao, Feng] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA.
RP Vogelmann, JE (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, ASRC Res & Technol Solut ARTS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM vogel@usgs.gov
RI Chen, Jin/A-6417-2011; li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012; Zhu,
Xiaolin/K-8175-2012; Chen, Jin/I-7666-2016; Chen, Lijun/Q-5012-2016;
OI Chen, Jin/0000-0002-6497-4141; Zhu, Xiaolin/0000-0001-6967-786X;
Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823
FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009AA12004]; USGS Landsat
Science Team
FX This study was supported by 863 project (2009AA12004) from Ministry of
Science and Technology of China. We would also like to acknowledge the
support from the USGS Landsat Science Team. We thank Tom Maiersperger,
Kurtis Nelson and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the
manuscript.
NR 20
TC 112
Z9 122
U1 8
U2 51
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD APR 15
PY 2011
VL 115
IS 4
BP 1053
EP 1064
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.12.010
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 728UE
UT WOS:000287899200010
ER
PT J
AU McCord, TB
Taylor, LA
Combe, JP
Kramer, G
Pieters, CM
Sunshine, JM
Clark, RN
AF McCord, T. B.
Taylor, L. A.
Combe, J. -P.
Kramer, G.
Pieters, C. M.
Sunshine, J. M.
Clark, R. N.
TI Sources and physical processes responsible for OH/H2O in the lunar soil
as revealed by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3)
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID ION IRRADIATION; SOLAR-WIND; WATER ICE; RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER; CHEMICAL
IMPLANTATION; HYDROGEN DEPOSITS; ASTEROID BELT; SURFACE; POLES;
BOMBARDMENT
AB Analysis of two absorption features near 3 mu m in the lunar reflectance spectrum, observed by the orbiting M-3 spectrometer and interpreted as being due to OH and H2O, is presented, and the results are used to discuss the processes producing these molecules. This analysis focuses on the dependence of the absorptions on lunar physical properties, including composition, illumination, latitude, and temperature. Solar wind proton-induced hydroxylation is proposed as the creation process, and its products could be a source for other reported types of hydrogen-rich material and water. The irregular and damaged fine-grained lunar soil seems especially adapted for trapping solar wind protons and forming OH owing to abundant dangling oxygen bonds. The M-3 data reveal that the strengths of the two absorptions are correlated and widespread, and both are correlated with lunar composition but in different ways. Feldspathic material seems richer in OH. These results seem to rule out water from the lunar interior and cometary infall as major sources. There appear to be correlations of apparent band strengths with time of day and lighting conditions. However, thermal emission from the Moon reduces the apparent strengths of the M-3 absorptions, and its removal is not yet completely successful. Further, many of the lunar physical properties are themselves intercorrelated, and so separating these dependencies on the absorptions is difficult, due to the incomplete M-3 data set. This process should also operate on other airless silicate surfaces, such as Mercury and Vesta, which will be visited by the Dawn spacecraft in mid-2011.
C1 [McCord, T. B.; Combe, J. -P.; Kramer, G.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.
[Taylor, L. A.] Univ Tennessee, Planetary Geosci Inst, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Sunshine, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP McCord, TB (reprint author), Bear Fight Inst, 22 Fiddlers Rd,Box 667, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.
EM tmccord@bearfightinstitute.com; lataylor@utk.edu;
Carle_Pieters@Brown.edu; jess@astro.umd.edu; rclark@usgs.gov
FU Brown University
FX We thank D. Dyar for helpful comments and a reading of the manuscript.
The manuscript also benefited considerably from a careful review and
editing by David Blewett and one other reviewer. This research was
supported by the NASA M3 Project under contract from Brown
University.
NR 96
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 14
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00G05
DI 10.1029/2010JE003711
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 751VV
UT WOS:000289646700001
ER
PT J
AU Coykendall, DK
Johnson, SB
Karl, SA
Lutz, RA
Vrijenhoek, RC
AF Coykendall, D. Katharine
Johnson, Shannon B.
Karl, Stephen A.
Lutz, Richard A.
Vrijenhoek, Robert C.
TI Genetic diversity and demographic instability in Riftia pachyptila
tubeworms from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents
SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Annelida Polychaeta; Siboglinidae; vent; metapopulations
ID ALVINELLID POLYCHAETE DISPERSAL; CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; LARVAL DISPERSAL; LOCAL
EXTINCTION; GENOTYPE DATA; FLOW; PATTERNS; DNA
AB Background: Deep-sea hydrothermal vent animals occupy patchy and ephemeral habitats supported by chemosynthetic primary production. Volcanic and tectonic activities controlling the turnover of these habitats contribute to demographic instability that erodes genetic variation within and among colonies of these animals. We examined DNA sequences from one mitochondrial and three nuclear gene loci to assess genetic diversity in the siboglinid tubeworm, Riftia pachyptila, a widely distributed constituent of vents along the East Pacific Rise and Galapagos Rift.
Results: Genetic differentiation (F(ST)) among populations increased with geographical distances, as expected under a linear stepping-stone model of dispersal. Low levels of DNA sequence diversity occurred at all four loci, allowing us to exclude the hypothesis that an idiosyncratic selective sweep eliminated mitochondrial diversity alone. Total gene diversity declined with tectonic spreading rates. The southernmost populations, which are subjected to superfast spreading rates and high probabilities of extinction, are relatively homogenous genetically.
Conclusions: Compared to other vent species, DNA sequence diversity is extremely low in R. pachyptila. Though its dispersal abilities appear to be effective, the low diversity, particularly in southern hemisphere populations, is consistent with frequent local extinction and (re) colonization events.
C1 [Johnson, Shannon B.; Vrijenhoek, Robert C.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
[Coykendall, D. Katharine] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV USA.
[Karl, Stephen A.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA.
[Lutz, Richard A.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
RP Vrijenhoek, RC (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
EM vrijen@mbari.org
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NSF [OCE-9910799, OCE-0241613,
OCE-0937371, OCE-9529819, OCE-0327353, ESI-0087679]
FX We thank Dr. Yong Jin Won and two anonymous reviewers for constructive
criticisms that improved the manuscript. The project was conducted with
the expert help and enthusiasm of captains, crews and pilots assigned to
the R/V Atlantis and DSV Alvin (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) and
to the R/V Western Flyer and ROV Tiburon (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research
Institute, MBARI). Funding was provided by the David and Lucile Packard
Foundation (to MBARI) and the following NSF grants: OCE-9910799 and
OCE-0241613 (to RCV); and OCE-0937371, OCE-9529819, OCE-0327353 and
ESI-0087679 (to RAL).
NR 63
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 6
U2 27
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2148
J9 BMC EVOL BIOL
JI BMC Evol. Biol.
PD APR 13
PY 2011
VL 11
AR 96
DI 10.1186/1471-2148-11-96
PG 11
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 768AJ
UT WOS:000290902800002
PM 21489281
ER
PT J
AU Kiesecker, JM
Evans, JS
Fargione, J
Doherty, K
Foresman, KR
Kunz, TH
Naugle, D
Nibbelink, NP
Niemuth, ND
AF Kiesecker, Joseph M.
Evans, Jeffrey S.
Fargione, Joe
Doherty, Kevin
Foresman, Kerry R.
Kunz, Thomas H.
Naugle, Dave
Nibbelink, Nathan P.
Niemuth, Neal D.
TI Win-Win for Wind and Wildlife: A Vision to Facilitate Sustainable
Development
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY DEVELOPMENT; BIRD; CONSERVATION; FATALITIES; BAT
AB Wind energy offers the potential to reduce carbon emissions while increasing energy independence and bolstering economic development. However, wind energy has a larger land footprint per Gigawatt (GW) than most other forms of energy production, making appropriate siting and mitigation particularly important. Species that require large unfragmented habitats and those known to avoid vertical structures are particularly at risk from wind development. Developing energy on disturbed lands rather than placing new developments within large and intact habitats would reduce cumulative impacts to wildlife. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that it will take 241 GW of terrestrial based wind development on approximately 5 million hectares to reach 20% electricity production for the U.S. by 2030. We estimate there are similar to 7,700 GW of potential wind energy available across the U.S., with similar to 3,500 GW on disturbed lands. In addition, a disturbance-focused development strategy would avert the development of similar to 2.3 million hectares of undisturbed lands while generating the same amount of energy as development based solely on maximizing wind potential. Wind subsidies targeted at favoring low-impact developments and creating avoidance and mitigation requirements that raise the costs for projects impacting sensitive lands could improve public value for both wind energy and biodiversity conservation.
C1 [Kiesecker, Joseph M.; Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nature Conservancy, Global Conservat Lands Program, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA.
[Fargione, Joe] Nature Conservancy, N Amer Conservat Reg, Minneapolis, MN USA.
[Doherty, Kevin] Audubon Soc, Laramie, WY USA.
[Foresman, Kerry R.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Naugle, Dave] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Nibbelink, Nathan P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Niemuth, Neal D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND USA.
RP Kiesecker, JM (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Global Conservat Lands Program, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA.
EM jkiesecker@TNC.ORG
OI Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044
FU Robertson Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy; World Wildlife Fund
FX The work was supported by grants from the Robertson Foundation, U.S.
Department of Energy and the World Wildlife Fund. The funders had no
role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish,
or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 36
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U1 3
U2 32
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD APR 13
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 4
AR e17566
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017566
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 749IP
UT WOS:000289458800005
PM 21533285
ER
PT J
AU Golbuu, Y
Friedlander, AM
AF Golbuu, Yimnang
Friedlander, Alan M.
TI Spatial and temporal characteristics of grouper spawning aggregations in
marine protected areas in Palau, western Micronesia
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE conservation; groupers; Micronesia; marine protected areas; Palau;
spawning aggregations
ID US-VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEF FISH; EPINEPHELUS-GUTTATUS; RED HIND;
NASSAU GROUPER; PLECTROPOMUS-AREOLATUS; MANAGEMENT; SERRANIDAE; BELIZE;
REPRODUCTION
AB In Palau, Ngerumekaol and Ebiil Channels are spawning aggregation sites that have been protected from fishing since 1976 and 2000, respectively. Groupers and other targeted fisheries species were monitored monthly over a 1.5 year period at these two spawning aggregations and two nearby exploited reference sites where grouper formerly aggregated to spawn. At the protected aggregation sites, three grouper species (Plectropomus areolatus, Epinephelus polyphekadion, and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) accounted for 78% of the abundance and 85% of the biomass of all resource species surveyed but comprised <1% of the total abundance and biomass at reference sites not protected from fishing that formally harbored spawning aggregations. Abundance and biomass of grouper species pooled were 54% and 72% higher, respectively, at Ngerumekaol compared to Ebiil. Comparisons with data from the same locations in 1995-1996 showed order of magnitude declines in abundance of E. polyphekadion at both locations. The lower numbers of E. fuscoguttatus and the near absence of E. polyphekadion at Ebiil may reflect the effects of previous and current overexploitation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Golbuu, Yimnang] Palau Int Coral Reef Ctr, Koror 96940, PW, Palau.
[Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Golbuu, Y (reprint author), Palau Int Coral Reef Ctr, 1 M Dock Rd,POB 7086, Koror 96940, PW, Palau.
EM ygolbuu@picrc.org
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NOAA; JICA
FX This study was supported by The David and Lucile Packard Foundation,
NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and JICA Technical Assistance
(PICRC Strengthening Project). We thank Geory Mereb and Arius Merep for
their help in conducting field work. We are also grateful for the
following people for their assistance: Asap Bukurrow, Gerda Ucharm,
Hideki Yukihira, Irvin Dwight, Jay Andrew, Kenneth Conrad, Masao Udui,
Sebastian Marino, Steven Victor and Victor Nestor. Thanks to Kosta
Stamoulis for assistance with figures. Special thanks to Koror State
Department of Conservation and Law Enforcement and Ngerchelong State
Government for allowing us to conduct this work in their respective
MPAs. We are grateful to Charles Birkeland, Charlene Mersai, Liz
Matthews, Mark Tupper and Tom Graham for reviewing and providing
critical comments on the manuscript.
NR 62
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U1 0
U2 13
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD APR 10
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 2
BP 223
EP 231
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.034
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 747MQ
UT WOS:000289324500003
ER
PT J
AU Kramer, GY
Besse, S
Nettles, J
Combe, JP
Clark, RN
Pieters, CM
Staid, M
Malaret, E
Boardman, J
Green, RO
Head, JW
McCord, TB
AF Kramer, Georgiana Y.
Besse, Sebastien
Nettles, Jeffrey
Combe, Jean-Philippe
Clark, Roger N.
Pieters, Carle M.
Staid, Matthew
Malaret, Erik
Boardman, Joseph
Green, Robert O.
Head, James W., III
McCord, Thomas B.
TI Newer views of the Moon: Comparing spectra from Clementine and the Moon
Mineralogy Mapper
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; MARE SOILS; REFLECTANCE; TRANSPORT; CRATERS;
SURFACE
AB The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M-3) provided the first global hyperspectral data of the lunar surface in 85 bands from 460 to 2980 nm. The Clementine mission provided the first global multispectral maps the lunar surface in 11 spectral bands across the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and near-infrared (NIR). In an effort to understand how M-3 improves our ability to analyze and interpret lunar data, we compare M-3 spectra with those from Clementine's UV-VIS and NIR cameras. The Clementine mission provided the first global multispectral maps the lunar surface in 11 spectral bands across the UV-VIS and NIR. We have found that M-3 reflectance values are lower across all wavelengths compared with albedos from both of Clementine's UV-VIS and NIR cameras. M-3 spectra show the Moon to be redder, that is, have a steeper continuum slope, than indicated by Clementine. The 1 mu m absorption band depths may be comparable between the instruments, but Clementine data consistently exhibit shallower 2 mu m band depths than M-3. Absorption band minimums are difficult to compare due to the significantly different spectral resolutions.
C1 [Kramer, Georgiana Y.; Combe, Jean-Philippe; McCord, Thomas B.] Bear Fight Inst, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.
[Besse, Sebastien] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Nettles, Jeffrey; Pieters, Carle M.; Head, James W., III] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Staid, Matthew] Planetary Sci Inst, Napa Valley, CA USA.
[Malaret, Erik] Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA 20170 USA.
[Boardman, Joseph] Analyt Imaging & Geophys LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Kramer, GY (reprint author), Bear Fight Inst, 22 Fiddlers Rd,Box 667, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.
EM kramer@lpi.usra.edu
OI Besse, Sebastien/0000-0002-1052-5439
NR 34
TC 8
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U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 9
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00G04
DI 10.1029/2010JE003728
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 748AD
UT WOS:000289361500001
ER
PT J
AU Nimick, DA
Gammons, CH
AF Nimick, David A.
Gammons, Christopher H.
TI Diel biogeochemical processes in terrestrial waters Preface
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
[Gammons, Christopher H.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA.
RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
EM dnimick@usgs.gov
OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
EI 1878-5999
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD APR 7
PY 2011
VL 283
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.023
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 752BM
UT WOS:000289662800001
ER
PT J
AU Nimick, DA
Gammons, CH
Parker, SR
AF Nimick, David A.
Gammons, Christopher H.
Parker, Stephen R.
TI Diel biogeochemical processes and their effect on the aqueous chemistry
of streams: A review
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Diurnal; Geochemistry; Trace elements; Nutrients; Carbon; Isotopes
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ACID ROCK DRAINAGE; TRAVERTINE-DEPOSITING
STREAM; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA; IN-SITU
DETERMINATION; HYDROUS METAL-OXIDES; ABANDONED MINE LANDS; FRESH-WATER
LAKES; SPRING-FED RIVER
AB This review summarizes biogeochemical processes that operate on die!, or 24-h, time scales in streams and the changes in aqueous chemistry that are associated with these processes. Some biogeochemical processes, such as those producing diel cycles of dissolved O-2 and pH, were the first to be studied, whereas processes producing diel concentration cycles of a broader spectrum of chemical species including dissolved gases, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, trace elements, nutrients, stable isotopes, and suspended particles have received attention only more recently. Diel biogeochemical cycles are interrelated because the cyclical variations produced by one biogeochemical process commonly affect another. Thus, understanding biogeochemical cycling is essential not only for guiding collection and interpretation of water-quality data but also for geochemical and ecological studies of streams. Expanded knowledge of diel biogeochemical cycling will improve understanding of how natural aquatic environments function and thus lead to better predictions of how stream ecosystems might react to changing conditions of contaminant loading, eutrophication, climate change, drought, industrialization, development, and other factors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Nimick, David A.] US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
[Gammons, Christopher H.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA.
[Parker, Stephen R.] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA.
RP Nimick, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
EM dnimick@usgs.gov
OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Geological
Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Critical reviews of early
drafts of this manuscript by Julia Barringer, Thomas Chapin, Briant
Kimball, and an anonymous reviewer are greatly appreciated.
NR 212
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U1 10
U2 148
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD APR 7
PY 2011
VL 283
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 3
EP 17
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.08.017
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 752BM
UT WOS:000289662800002
ER
PT J
AU Tobias, C
Bohlke, JK
AF Tobias, Craig
Boehlke, John Karl
TI Biological and geochemical controls on diel dissolved inorganic carbon
cycling in a low-order agricultural stream: Implications for reach
scales and beyond
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Inorganic carbon; Stable isotope; Carbonate saturation; Diel cycles;
Water quality; Stream metabolism
ID TRAVERTINE-DEPOSITING STREAM; CALCITE PRECIPITATION; ISOTOPE
FRACTIONATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SURFACE WATERS; RIVER-BASIN; CO2;
KINETICS; METABOLISM; FLUXES
AB Movement of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) through the hydrologic cycle is an important component of global carbon budgets, but there is considerable uncertainty about the controls of DIC transmission from landscapes to streams, and through river networks to the oceans. In this study, diel measurements of DIC, delta(13)C-DIC, dissolved oxygen (O(2)), delta(18)O-O(2). alkalinity, pH, and other parameters were used to assess the relative magnitudes of biological and geochemical controls on DIC cycling and flux in a nutrient-rich, net autotrophic stream. Rates of photosynthesis (P), respiration (R), groundwater discharge, air-water exchange of CO(2), and carbonate precipitation/dissolution were quantified through a time-stepping chemical/isotope ((12)C and (13)C, (16)O and (18)O) mass balance model. Groundwater was the major source of DIC to the stream. Primary production and carbonate precipitation were equally important sinks for DIC removed from the water column. The stream was always super-saturated with respect to carbonate minerals, but carbonate precipitation occurred mainly during the day when P increased pH. We estimated more than half (possibly 90%) of the carbonate precipitated during the day was retained in the reach under steady baseflow conditions. The amount of DIC removed from the overlying water through carbonate precipitation was similar to the amount of DIC generated from R. Air-water exchange of CO(2) was always from the stream to the atmosphere, but was the smallest component of the DIC budget. Overall, the in-stream DIC reactions reduced the amount of CO(2) evasion and the downstream flux of groundwater-derived DIC by about half relative to a hypothetical scenario with groundwater discharge only. Other streams with similar characteristics are widely distributed in the major river basins of North America. Data from USGS water quality monitoring networks from the 1960s to the 1990s indicated that 40% of 652 stream monitoring stations in the contiguous USA were at or above the equilibrium saturation state for calcite, and 77% of all stations exhibited apparent increases in saturation state from the 1960/70s to the 1980/90s. Diel processes including partially irreversible carbonate precipitation may affect net carbon fluxes from many such watersheds. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tobias, Craig] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
[Boehlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Tobias, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
EM craig.tobias@uconn.edu
FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; USGS
through the NRC; NSF [EAR-0815201]
FX This study was supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research,
Education, and Extension Service (National Research Initiative
Competitive Grants Program in Watershed Processes and Water Resources),
the USGS National Research Program in Water Resources, through the NRC
post-doctoral fellowship program, and NSF EAR-0815201. Jud Harvey,
Stanley Mroczkowski, Mike Doughten, Peggy Widman, Haiping Qi, Kim
Duernberger, and Yvonne Marsan assisted with field work and laboratory
analyses. Helpful reviews of the manuscript were made by Edward Stets
(USGS) Daniel Doctor (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 64
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U1 5
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD APR 7
PY 2011
VL 283
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 18
EP 30
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.012
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 752BM
UT WOS:000289662800003
ER
PT J
AU Volkmar, EC
Dahlgren, RA
Stringfellow, WT
Henson, SS
Borglin, SE
Kendall, C
Van Nieuwenhuyse, EE
AF Volkmar, Emily C.
Dahlgren, Randy A.
Stringfellow, William T.
Henson, Solomon S.
Borglin, Sharon E.
Kendall, Carol
Van Nieuwenhuyse, Erwin E.
TI Using Lagrangian sampling to study water quality during downstream
transport in the San Luis Drain, California, USA
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Nutrients; Algae; Lagrangian sampling; Dissolved oxygen; Diel
ID JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; OXYGEN-DEMAND; DIATOMS;
NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION; EUTROPHICATION; PLANKTON; CARBON;
PHYTOPLANKTON
AB To investigate the mechanism for diet (24 h) changes commonly observed at fixed sampling locations and how these diet changes relate to downstream transport in hypereutrophic surface waters, we studied a parcel of agricultural drainage water as it traveled for 84 h in a concrete-lined channel having no additional water inputs or outputs. Algal fluorescence, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, conductivity, and turbidity were measured every 30 min. Grab samples were collected every 2 h for water quality analyses, including nutrients, suspended sediment, and chlorophyll/pheophytin. Strong diet patterns were observed for dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature within the parcel of water. In contrast, algal pigments and nitrate did not exhibit diel patterns within the parcel of water, but did exhibit strong diel patterns for samples collected at a fixed sampling location. The diel patterns observed at fixed sampling locations for these constituents can be attributed to algal growth during the day and downstream transport (washout) of algae at night. Algal pigments showed a rapid daytime increase during the first 48 h followed by a general decrease for the remainder of the study, possibly due to sedimentation and photobleaching. Algal growth (primarily diatoms) was apparent each day during the study, as measured by increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations, despite low phosphate concentrations (<0.01 mg L(-1)). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Volkmar, Emily C.; Dahlgren, Randy A.; Henson, Solomon S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Stringfellow, William T.; Borglin, Sharon E.] Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kendall, Carol] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Van Nieuwenhuyse, Erwin E.] US Bur Reclamat, Div Environm Affairs, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA.
RP Volkmar, EC (reprint author), Caltest Analyt Lab, 1885 N Kelly Rd, Napa, CA 94558 USA.
EM ecvolkmar@gmail.com; radahlgren@ucdavis.edu; wstringfellow@lbl.gov;
seborglin@lbl.gov; ckendall@usgs.gov; evannieuwenhuyse@mp.usbr.gov
RI Stringfellow, William/O-4389-2015; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016
OI Stringfellow, William/0000-0003-3189-5604;
FU Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board; U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation
FX We appreciate the research assistance from D. Ho, A. Wheeler, N. Brauer,
P. Maloney, X. Wang, and R. Burke. We also thank D. Nimick and the two
anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. Funding was
provided by the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board and
the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
NR 58
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD APR 7
PY 2011
VL 283
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 68
EP 77
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.029
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 752BM
UT WOS:000289662800007
ER
PT J
AU Naftz, DL
Cederberg, JR
Krabbenhoft, DP
Beisner, KR
Whitehead, J
Gardberg, J
AF Naftz, David L.
Cederberg, Jay R.
Krabbenhoft, David P.
Beisner, Kimberly R.
Whitehead, John
Gardberg, Jodi
TI Diurnal trends in methylmercury concentration in a wetland adjacent to
Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mercury; Wetlands; Biogeochemistry; Great Salt Lake
ID MERCURY; METHYLATION; SEDIMENTS; CHLORIDE; BAY
AB A 24-h field experiment was conducted during July 2008 at a wetland on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake (GSL) to assess the diurnal cycling of methylmercury (MeHg). Dissolved (<0.45 mu m) MeHg showed a strong diurnal variation with consistently decreasing concentrations during daylight periods and increasing concentrations during non-daylight periods. The proportion of MeHg relative to total Hg in the water column consistently decreased with increasing sunlight duration, indicative of photodegradation. During the field experiment, measured MeHg photodegradation rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 ng L-1 h(-1). convective overturn of the water column driven by nighttime cooling of the water surface was hypothesized as the likely mechanism to replace the MeHg in the water column lost via photodegradation processes. A hydrodynamic model of the wetland successfully simulated convective overturn of the water column during the field experiment. Study results indicate that daytime monitoring of selected wetlands surrounding GSL may significantly underestimate the MeHg content in the water column. Wetland managers should consider practices that maximize the photodegradation of MeHg during daylight periods. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Naftz, David L.; Cederberg, Jay R.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
[Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
[Beisner, Kimberly R.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Whitehead, John; Gardberg, Jodi] Utah Dept Environm Qual, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA.
RP Naftz, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
EM dlnaftz@usgs.gov
OI Beisner, Kimberly/0000-0002-2077-6899
FU Utah Department of Environmental Quality/Division of Water Quality; Utah
Department of Natural Resources/Division of Wildlife Resources; Utah
Department of Natural Resources/Division of Forestry, Fire, and State
Lands; USGS
FX Use of brand names in this article is for identification purposes only
and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS. Funding for this study
was provided by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality/Division of
Water Quality, Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of Wildlife
Resources, and Utah Department of Natural Resources/Division of
Forestry, Fire, and State Lands, and the USGS. The manuscript was
improved significantly from technical reviews by Chris Gammons (guest
editor), Ralph Seiler (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 28
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD APR 7
PY 2011
VL 283
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 78
EP 86
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.005
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 752BM
UT WOS:000289662800008
ER
PT J
AU Kay, RT
Groschen, GE
Cygan, G
Dupre, DH
AF Kay, Robert T.
Groschen, George E.
Cygan, Gary
Dupre, David H.
TI Diel cycles in dissolved barium, lead, iron, vanadium, and nitrite in a
stream draining a former zinc smelter site near Hegeler, Illinois
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Diel variation; Acid drainage; Nitrite; Trace metals
ID METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MONTANA; RIVER;
PH; SCHWERTMANNITE; PHOTOREDUCTION; GOETHITE; BEHAVIOR
AB Diel variations in the concentrations of a number of constituents have the potential to substantially affect the appropriate sampling regimen in acidic streams. Samples taken once during the course of the day cannot adequately reflect diel variations in water quality and may result in an inaccurate understanding of biogeochemical processes, ecological conditions, and of the threat posed by the water to human health and the associated wildlife. Surface water and groundwater affected by acid drainage were sampled every 60 to 90 min over a 48-hour period at a former zinc smelter known as the Hegeler Zinc Superfund Site, near Hegeler, Illinois. Diel variations related to water quality in the aquifer were not observed in groundwater.
Diel variations were observed in the temperature, pH, and concentration of dissolved oxygen, nitrite, barium, iron, lead, vanadium, and possibly uranium in surface water. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, barium, lead, and uranium generally attained maximum values during the afternoon and minimum values during the night. Iron, vanadium, and pH generally attained minimum values during the afternoon and maximum values during the night. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen were affected by the intensity of photosynthetic activity and respiration, which are dependent upon insolation. Nitrite, an intermediary in many nitrogen reactions, may have been formed by the oxidation of ammonium by dissolved oxygen and converted to other nitrogen species as part of the decomposition of organic matter. The timing of the pH cycles was distinctly different from the cycles found in Midwestern alkaline streams and likely was the result of the photoreduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and variations in the intensity of precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide minerals. Diel cycles of iron and vanadium also were primarily the result of variations in the intensity of precipitation of hydrous ferric oxide minerals. The diel variation in the concentrations of lead, uranium, and barium may have been affected by competition with Fe+2 for sorption sites on hydrous ferric oxide minerals. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Kay, Robert T.; Groschen, George E.; Dupre, David H.] US Geol Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Cygan, Gary] US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA.
RP Kay, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1201 W Univ Ave,Suite 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM rtkay@usgs.gov
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
EI 1878-5999
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD APR 7
PY 2011
VL 283
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 99
EP 108
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.10.009
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 752BM
UT WOS:000289662800010
ER
PT J
AU Lockner, DA
Morrow, C
Moore, D
Hickman, S
AF Lockner, David A.
Morrow, Carolyn
Moore, Diane
Hickman, Stephen
TI Low strength of deep San Andreas fault gouge from SAFOD core
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAT-FLOW; STRESS; SERPENTINITE; FRICTION; ZONE
AB The San Andreas fault accommodates 28-34 mm yr(-1) of right lateral motion of the Pacific crustal plate northwestward past the North American plate. In California, the fault is composed of two distinct locked segments that have produced great earthquakes in historical times, separated by a 150-km-long creeping zone. The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) is a scientific borehole located northwest of Parkfield, California, near the southern end of the creeping zone. Core was recovered from across the actively deforming San Andreas fault at a vertical depth of 2.7 km (ref. 1). Here we report laboratory strength measurements of these fault core materials at in situ conditions, demonstrating that at this locality and this depth the San Andreas fault is profoundly weak (coefficient of friction, 0.15) owing to the presence of the smectite clay mineral saponite, which is one of the weakest phyllosilicates known. This Mg-rich clay is the low-temperature product of metasomatic reactions between the quartzofeldspathic wall rocks and serpentinite blocks in the fault(2,3). These findings provide strong evidence that deformation of the mechanically unusual creeping portions of the San Andreas fault system is controlled by the presence of weak minerals rather than by high fluid pressure or other proposed mechanisms(1). The combination of these measurements of fault core strength with borehole observations(1,4,5) yields a self-consistent picture of the stress state of the San Andreas fault at the SAFOD site, in which the fault is intrinsically weak in an otherwise strong crust.
C1 [Lockner, David A.; Morrow, Carolyn; Moore, Diane; Hickman, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Lockner, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dlockner@usgs.gov
NR 28
TC 137
Z9 141
U1 4
U2 51
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD APR 7
PY 2011
VL 472
IS 7341
BP 82
EP U107
DI 10.1038/nature09927
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 745VV
UT WOS:000289199400041
PM 21441903
ER
PT J
AU Buratti, BJ
Hicks, MD
Nettles, J
Staid, M
Pieters, CM
Sunshine, J
Boardman, J
Stone, TC
AF Buratti, B. J.
Hicks, M. D.
Nettles, J.
Staid, M.
Pieters, C. M.
Sunshine, J.
Boardman, J.
Stone, T. C.
TI A wavelength-dependent visible and infrared spectrophotometric function
for the Moon based on ROLO data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SATELLITES; PHOTOMETRY;
CLEMENTINE
AB The USGS's Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) dedicated ground-based lunar calibration project obtained photometric observations of the Moon over the spectral range attainable from Earth (0.347-2.39 mu m) and over solar phase angles of 1.55 degrees-97 degrees. From these observations, we derived empirical lunar surface solar phase functions for both the highlands and maria that can be used for a wide range of applications. The functions can be used to correct for the effects of viewing geometry to produce lunar mosaics, spectra, and quick-look products for future lunar missions and ground-based observations. Our methodology can be used for a wide range of objects for which multiply scattered radiation is not significant, including all but the very brightest asteroids and moons.
C1 [Buratti, B. J.; Hicks, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Nettles, J.; Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Staid, M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Sunshine, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Boardman, J.] Analyt Imaging & Geophys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Stone, T. C.] USGS, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 183-401, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM bonnie.j.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contract to the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank Deborah Domingue for a
detailed review.
NR 24
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 5
PY 2011
VL 116
AR E00G03
DI 10.1029/2010JE003724
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 748AA
UT WOS:000289361200001
ER
PT J
AU Poore, BS
AF Poore, Barbara S.
TI Users as essential contributors to spatial cyberinfrastructures
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA INFRASTRUCTURES; INFORMATION; SCIENCE
AB Current accounts of spatial cyberinfrastructure development tend to overemphasize technologies to the neglect of critical social and cultural issues on which adoption depends. Spatial cyberinfrastructures will have a higher chance of success if users of many types, including nonprofessionals, are made central to the development process. Recent studies in the history of infrastructures reveal key turning points and issues that should be considered in the development of spatial cyberinfrastructure projects. These studies highlight the importance of adopting qualitative research methods to learn how users work with data and digital tools, and how user communities form. The author's empirical research on data sharing networks in the Pacific Northwest salmon crisis at the turn of the 21st century demonstrates that ordinary citizens can contribute critical local knowledge to global databases and should be considered in the design and construction of spatial cyberinfrastructures.
C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33705 USA.
RP Poore, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33705 USA.
EM bspoore@usgs.gov
NR 57
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Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD APR 5
PY 2011
VL 108
IS 14
BP 5510
EP 5515
DI 10.1073/pnas.0907677108
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 746RT
UT WOS:000289265300010
PM 21444825
ER
PT J
AU Yin, J
Haggerty, R
Stoliker, DL
Kent, DB
Istok, JD
Greskowiak, J
Zachara, JM
AF Yin, Jun
Haggerty, Roy
Stoliker, Deborah L.
Kent, Douglas B.
Istok, Jonathan D.
Greskowiak, Janek
Zachara, John M.
TI Transient groundwater chemistry near a river: Effects on U(VI) transport
in laboratory column experiments
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; HANFORD-SITE; VADOSE ZONE; URANIUM(VI);
DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; CARBONATE; SORPTION; URANYL
AB In the 300 Area of a U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at Hanford, Washington, USA, inorganic carbon and major cations, which have large impacts on U(VI) transport, change on an hourly and seasonal basis near the Columbia River. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the factors controlling U(VI) adsorption/desorption by changing chemical conditions over time. Low alkalinity and low Ca concentrations (Columbia River water) enhanced adsorption and reduced aqueous concentrations. Conversely, high alkalinity and high Ca concentrations (Hanford groundwater) reduced adsorption and increased aqueous concentrations of U(VI). An equilibrium surface complexation model calibrated using laboratory batch experiments accounted for the decrease in U(VI) adsorption observed with increasing (bi)carbonate concentrations and other aqueous chemical conditions. In the column experiment, alternating pulses of river and groundwater caused swings in aqueous U(VI) concentration. A multispecies multirate surface complexation reactive transport model simulated most of the major U(VI) changes in two column experiments. The modeling results also indicated that U(VI) transport in the studied sediment could be simulated by using a single kinetic rate without loss of accuracy in the simulations. Moreover, the capability of the model to predict U(VI) transport in Hanford groundwater under transient chemical conditions depends significantly on the knowledge of real-time change of local groundwater chemistry.
C1 [Yin, Jun; Haggerty, Roy] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Stoliker, Deborah L.; Kent, Douglas B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Istok, Jonathan D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Greskowiak, Janek] CSIRO Land & Water, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
[Greskowiak, Janek] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Working Grp Hydrogeol & Landscape Hydrol, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, D-2900 Oldenburg, Germany.
[Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Yin, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM jun.yin@geo.oregonstate.edu; haggertr@geo.oregonstate.edu;
dlstoliker@usgs.gov; dbkent@usgs.gov; jack.istok@oregonstate.edu;
janek.greskowiak@uni-oldenburg.de; john.zachara@pnl.gov
RI Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Greskowiak, Janek/F-4198-2012
FU U.S. DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research
[DE-FG02-06ER06-16]; CSIRO OCE
FX This research was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Science Program (ERSP)
though DOE-ERSP grant DE-FG02-06ER06-16 as part of the Hanford 300 Area
Integrated Field Research Challenge Project. Funding to J. G. was
provided by a postdoctoral fellowship from CSIRO OCE. We also would like
to thank Brian Wood for the use of equipment, Stephanie Harrington for
help with experimental setup, and Chongxuan Liu for helpful
conversations and ideas. Special thanks to Chunmiao Zheng and Rui Ma for
providing the PHT3D program. Reviews by Mike Hay, Rob Runkel, and three
anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Use
of brand names is for identification purposes only and does not present
endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 38
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Z9 21
U1 0
U2 26
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD APR 5
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W04502
DI 10.1029/2010WR009369
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 747ZE
UT WOS:000289359000001
ER
PT J
AU Grundel, R
Jean, RP
Frohnapple, KJ
Gibbs, J
Glowacki, GA
Pavlovic, NB
AF Grundel, Ralph
Jean, Robert P.
Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.
Gibbs, Jason
Glowacki, Gary A.
Pavlovic, Noel B.
TI A Survey of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the Indiana Dunes and
Northwest Indiana, USA
SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Apoidea; bees; floral records; Indiana Dunes
ID OPEN-FOREST GRADIENT; HABITAT STRUCTURE; FIRE HISTORY; SAVANNAS; BOMBUS;
FAUNA; WOODLANDS; APIFORMES; DECLINE; APIDAE
AB The Indiana Dunes, and nearby natural areas in northwest Indiana, are floristically rich Midwest U.S. locales with many habitat types. We surveyed bees along a habitat gradient ranging from grasslands to forests in these locales, collecting at least 175 bee species along this gradient plus 29 additional species in other nearby habitats. About 25% of all species were from the genus Lasioglossum and 12% of the species were associated with sandy soils. Several bumblebee (Bombus) species of conservation concern that should occur in this region were not collected during our surveys. Similarity of the northwest Indiana bee fauna to other published U.S. faunas decreased about 1.3% per 100 km distance from northwest Indiana. Thirty percent or bees netted from flowers were males. Males and females differed significantly in their frequency of occurrence on different plant species. For bees collected in bowl traps, the percentage captured in fluorescent yellow traps declined and in fluorescent blue traps increased from spring to late summer. Capture rates for different bee genera varied temporally, with about a quarter of the genera being captured most frequently in late spring and a quarter in late summer. Capture rates for most genera were higher in more open than in more closed canopy habitats. The maximum number of plant species on which a single bee species was captured plateaued at 24, on average. Forty-nine percent of bee species known to occur in Indiana were found at these northwest Indiana sites. Having this relatively high proportion of the total Indiana bee fauna is consistent with Indiana Dunes existing at a biogeographic crossroads where grassland and forest biomes meet in a landscape whose climate and soils are affected by proximity to Lake Michigan. The resulting habitat, plant, edaphic, and climatic diversity likely produces the diverse bee community documented.
C1 [Grundel, Ralph; Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.; Glowacki, Gary A.; Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
[Jean, Robert P.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA.
[Gibbs, Jason] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
[Glowacki, Gary A.] Lake Cty Forest Preserves, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA.
RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
EM rgrundel@usgs.gov
RI Gibbs, Jason/H-6963-2012;
OI Gibbs, Jason/0000-0002-4945-5423
FU USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative; National Park Service
Inventory and Monitoring Network; Genome Canada; NSERC
FX We thank Sam Droege for assistance in bee identification and for
providing sample bowls, Jean Adams for writing the R script that
produced the checklist, John Ascher for verifying the Andrew runcinatae
identification, Terry Griswold for examining the Stelis aff. grossa
specimen, and reviewers for several comments that improved the
Discussion. Support for this project was provided by the USGS Grasslands
Research Funding Initiative and by the National Park Service Inventory
and Monitoring Network. Support for JG was provided by funding to the
Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada, NSERC, and other
sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca. Research was conducted with permission
and assistance of the National Park Service and the Indiana Department
of Natural Resources, Division of Nature Preserves. This article is
Contribution 1655 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science
Center.
NR 69
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Z9 4
U1 2
U2 28
PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-8567
EI 1937-2353
J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC
JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 2
BP 105
EP 138
PG 34
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 847AD
UT WOS:000296943400002
ER
PT J
AU Hoang, TC
Pryor, RL
Rand, GM
Frakes, RA
AF Hoang, Tham C.
Pryor, Rachel L.
Rand, Gary M.
Frakes, Robert A.
TI USE OF BUTTERFLIES AS NONTARGET INSECT TEST SPECIES AND THE ACUTE
TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF MOSQUITO CONTROL INSECTICIDES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Butterflies; Adult mosquito insecticides; Permethrin; Naled; Dichlorvos
ID ARABLE FARMLAND; PERMETHRIN; LEPIDOPTERA; PESTICIDES; SURVIVAL;
EXPOSURE; FLIGHT; DRIFT
AB Honeybees are the standard insect test species used for toxicity testing of pesticides on nontarget insects for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIERA). Butterflies are another important insect order and a valued ecological resource in pollination. The current study conducted acute toxicity tests with naled, permethrin, and dichlorvos on fifth larval instar (caterpillars) and adults of different native Florida, USA, butterfly species to determine median lethal doses (24-h LD50), because limited acute toxicity data are available with this major insect group. Thorax- and wing-only applications of each insecticide were conducted. Based on LD50s, thorax and wing application exposures were acutely toxic to both caterpillars and adults. Permethrin was the most acutely toxic insecticide after thorax exposure to fifth instars and adult butterflies. However, no generalization on acute toxicity (sensitivity) of the insecticides could be concluded based on exposures to fifth instars versus adult butterflies or on thorax versus wing exposures of adult butterflies. A comparison of LD50s of the butterflies from this study (caterpillars and adults) with honeybee LD50s for the adult mosquito insecticides on a mu g/organism or mu g/g basis indicates that several butterfly species are more sensitive to these insecticides than are honeybees. A comparison of species sensitivity distributions for all three insecticides shows that permethrin had the lowest 10th percentile. Using a hazard quotient approach indicates that both permethrin and naled applications in the field may present potential acute hazards to butterflies, whereas no acute hazard of dichlorvos is apparent in butterflies. Butterflies should be considered as potential test organisms when nontarget insect testing of pesticides is suggested under FIFRA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:997-1005. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Hoang, Tham C.; Pryor, Rachel L.; Rand, Gary M.] Florida Int Univ, Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessment Lab, N Miami, FL USA.
[Frakes, Robert A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vero Beach, FL USA.
RP Rand, GM (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Ecotoxicol & Risk Assessment Lab, N Miami, FL USA.
EM randg@tiu.edu
FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish & Wildlife Service [401816J093]
FX The authors thank Richard H. Pierce and the staff at the Mote Marine
Laboratory (Sarasota, FL, USA) for their analytical chemistry support
and John F. Carriger for his help with conducting toxicity tests. This
study was funded by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish & Wildlife
Service through Cooperative Agreement 401816J093. This is SERC
contribution number 507.
NR 48
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 5
U2 35
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 4
BP 997
EP 1005
DI 10.1002/etc.462
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 737TP
UT WOS:000288591400029
PM 21309017
ER
PT J
AU Niemiller, ML
Reynolds, RG
Glorioso, BM
Spiess, J
Miller, BT
AF Niemiller, Matthew L.
Reynolds, R. Graham
Glorioso, Brad M.
Spiess, Jeremy
Miller, Brian T.
TI HERPETOFAUNA OF THE CEDAR GLADES AND ASSOCIATED HABITATS OF THE INNER
CENTRAL BASIN OF MIDDLE TENNESSEE
SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE amphibians; cedar glades; conservation; diversity; reptiles; Tennessee
ID UNITED-STATES; SALAMANDER; REPTILES; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE;
LIMESTONE; TURTLES
AB The cedar glades and barrens of the Inner Central Basin (ICB) of middle Tennessee support a unique and diverse flora and fauna and represent some of the state's most valued natural areas. We conducted herpetofaunal inventories of the cedar glades, associated barrens, cedar-hardwood forest, and adjacent aquatic habitats of the Stones River drainage of Middle Tennessee, focusing our sampling effort primarily at seven state- or federally owned properties in Rutherford and Wilson counties. These properties included Stones River National Battlefield (SRNB), Flat Rock State Natural Area (FRSNA), Vesta Cedar Glade State Natural Area (VSNA), Fall Creek Recreation Area (FCRA) on J. Percy Priest Wildlife Management Area, Cedars of Lebanon State Forest (CLSF), Cedars of Lebanon State Forest Natural Area (CLSNA), and Cedars of Lebanon State Park (CLSP). We used a variety of inventory techniques in terrestrial, aquatic, and subterranean habitats to survey these properties periodically from 1989 to 2010. We documented 49 species (22 amphibian and 27 reptile) accounting for 75.4% of the 65 herpetofaunal species thought to occur in the ICB, including records for Cemophora coccinea, Aneides aeneus, Gyrinophilus palleucus, Ambystoma barbouri, and Pseudotriton montanus. We found differences in alpha and beta diversity between sites, with the CLSF complex containing a high of 41 herpetofaunal species and FRSNA containing a low of 23 species. Beta diversity comparisons indicated similarity in amphibian species composition between FRSNA and CLSF and between SRNB and CLSF (9 shared species), and in reptile species composition between VSNA and the CLSF complex (16 shared species). We compare the results of our inventory with two previous studies conducted in the area and discuss the relative abundance, conservation, and threats to the herpetofaunal community of these habitats.
C1 [Niemiller, Matthew L.; Reynolds, R. Graham] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Glorioso, Brad M.] IAP World Serv Inc, US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Spiess, Jeremy; Miller, Brian T.] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA.
RP Niemiller, ML (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM mniemill@utk.edu; rgraham@utk.edu; gloriosob@usgs.gov;
boonspiess@hotmail.com; bmiller@mtsu.edu
RI Reynolds, Robert/C-3304-2011; Niemiller, Matthew/B-2454-2012
OI Niemiller, Matthew/0000-0001-6353-8797
FU National Park Service; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Department
of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University; Department of Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville
FX Funding for aspects of the study were provided by the National Park
Service (to BTM), the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (to BTM), the
Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University (to BMG, BTM,
JS, and MLN), and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at
the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (to MLN, RGR). Scientific
collection permits were obtained from the National Park Service, the
Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (nos. 418, 522, 654, 784, 876, 1058,
1060, 1320, 1320, 1415, and 1450), and the Tennessee Department of
Environment and Conservation, Division of Natural Heritage. We thank
scores of student enrolled in vertebrate zoology and herpetology courses
at Middle Tennessee State University and the following individuals for
their assistance in the field: Troy Glorioso, Nathan Haislip, Bailey
McMeans, Trent Niemiller, Stesha Pasachnik, Elizabeth Reed, Joyce
Miller, Joshua Miller, Jacob Miller, Jennifer Reynolds, and George
Wyckoff. Terri Hogan assisted with compliance issues and permit
acquisition at SRNB. We also thank Angela Fowler, A. Floyd Scott, and
Ken Oeser for sharing their field data.
NR 47
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 8
PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY
PI CORVALLIS
PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA
SN 1931-7603
J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO
JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 1
BP 127
EP 141
PG 15
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 832EI
UT WOS:000295784500014
ER
PT J
AU Matsuda, T
Turschak, G
Brehme, C
Rochester, C
Mitrovich, M
Fisher, R
AF Matsuda, Tritia
Turschak, Greta
Brehme, Cheryl
Rochester, Carlton
Mitrovich, Milan
Fisher, Robert
TI Effects of Large-Scale Wildfires on Ground Foraging Ants (Hymenoptera:
Formicidae) in Southern California
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ant community; species diversity; wildfire; southern California; coastal
sage scrub
ID PLANT-SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; HARVESTER ANTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE;
POSTFIRE RECOVERY; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; SEED DISPERSAL; FIRE REGIMES;
GRASSLAND; ASSEMBLAGES; SUCCESSION
AB We investigated the effect of broad-scale wildfire on ground foraging ants within southern California. In October and November of 2003, two wildfires burned large portions of the wildlands within San Diego County. Between January 2005 and September 2006, we surveyed 63 plots across four sites to measure the effect of the fires on the ant assemblages present in four vegetation types: 1) coastal sage scrub, 2) chaparral, 3) grassland, and 4) woodland riparian. Thirty-six of the 63 plots were sampled before the fires between March 2001 and June 2003. Mixed model regression analyses, accounting for the burn history of each plot and our pre- and postfire sampling efforts, revealed that fire had a negative effect on ant species diversity. Multivariate analyses showed that ant community structure varied significantly among the four vegetation types, and only the ant assemblage associated with coastal sage scrub exhibited a significant difference between burned and unburned samples. The most notable change detected at the individual species level involved Messor andrei (Mayr), which increased from <1% of prefire coastal sage scrub ant samples to 32.1% in burned plots postfire. We theorize that M. andrei responded to the increase of bare ground and postfire seed production, leading to an increase in the detection rate for this species. Collectively, our results suggest that wildfires can have short-term impacts on the diversity and community structure of ground foraging ants in coastal sage scrub. We discuss these findings in relation to management implications and directions for future research.
C1 [Matsuda, Tritia; Turschak, Greta; Brehme, Cheryl; Rochester, Carlton; Mitrovich, Milan; Fisher, Robert] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
RP Matsuda, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
EM tmatsuda@usgs.gov
FU San Diego MSCP Initiative; San Diego Association of Governments; U.S.
Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center
FX We are grateful for the many hours of technical assistance provided by
Denise Clark, Krista Mendelsohn, and Jim Starrett in support of this
project. We also thank Andrew Suarez at University of Illinois
Champaign-Urbana and Phil Ward at University of California, Davis, for
their expertise in identification of specimens. We thank Julie Yee for
providing statistical advice and for reviewing the manuscript. We also
thank Amy Vandergast, Emily Underwood, and the two anonymous reviewers
for their time and input reviewing the manuscript. For site access, we
thank the managers of the four study sites (Tim Dillingham of California
Department of Fish & Game; James Stowers, Bobbi Thompson, and Jeffrey
Rundell of San Diego County Parks & Recreation Department; Isabelle Kay
of the University of California, San Diego Elliott Chaparral Reserve;
Joyce Schlachter and Janaye Byergo of Bureau of Land Management).
Funding for this project was provided in part by the San Diego MSCP
Initiative, the San Diego Association of Governments TransNet
Environmental Mitigation Program, and the U.S. Geological Survey Western
Ecological Research Center. All work was performed under U.S. Fish and
Wildlife permit TE-045994-7 and individually held California Department
of Fish and Game scientific collecting permits. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
NR 69
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 23
PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA
SN 0046-225X
J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL
JI Environ. Entomol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 40
IS 2
BP 204
EP 216
DI 10.1603/EN10061
PG 13
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 810FD
UT WOS:000294109900004
ER
PT J
AU Grundel, R
Frohnapple, KJ
Jean, RP
Pavlovic, NB
AF Grundel, Ralph
Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.
Jean, Robert P.
Pavlovic, Noel B.
TI Effectiveness of Bowl Trapping and Netting for Inventory of a Bee
Community
SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bees; inventory; netting; bowl trapping; sampling
ID SPECIES RICHNESS; PAN TRAPS; HYMENOPTERA; APIFORMES; SUFFICIENT;
DIVERSITY; HABITATS; SAVANNAS; GRADIENT; DESERT
AB Concern over the status of bees has increased the need to inventory bee communities and, consequently, has increased the need to understand effectiveness of different bee sampling methods. We sampled bees using bowl traps and netting at 25 northwest Indiana sites ranging from open grasslands to forests. Assemblages of bees captured in bowl traps and by netting were very similar, but this similarity was driven by similar relative abundances of commonly captured species. Less common species were often not shared between collection methods (bowls, netting) and only about half of the species were shared between methods. About one-quarter of species were more often captured by one of the two collection methods. Rapid accumulation of species was aided by sampling at temporal and habitat extremes. In particular, collecting samples early and late in the adult flight season and in open and forest habitats was effective in capturing the most species with the fewest samples. The number of samples estimated necessary to achieve a complete inventory using bowls and netting together was high. For example, approximate to 72% of species estimated capturable in bowls were captured among the 3,159 bees collected in bowls in this study, but approximate to 30,000-35,000 additional bees would need to be collected to achieve a 100% complete inventory. For bowl trapping, increasing the number of sampling dates or sampling sites was more effective than adding more bowls per sampling date in completing the inventory with the fewest specimens collected.
C1 [Grundel, Ralph; Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.; Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
[Jean, Robert P.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA.
RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
EM rgrundel@usgs.gov
FU USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative; National Park Service
Inventory and Monitoring Network
FX We thank Sam Droege and Jason Gibbs for assistance in bee
identification, Gary Glowacki for assistance in the field, Jean Adams
for recommending the randomization test, and Leo Shapiro and Joy
Marburger for comments on the manuscript. Support for this project was
provided by the USGS Grasslands Research Funding Initiative and by the
National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Network. Research was
conducted with permission and assistance of the National Park Service
and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Nature
Preserves. Specimens used for this publication are currently deposited
in the museum of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, IN. This
article is Contribution 1610 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes
Science Center.
NR 23
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 40
PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA
SN 0046-225X
J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL
JI Environ. Entomol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 40
IS 2
BP 374
EP 380
DI 10.1603/EN09278
PG 7
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 810FD
UT WOS:000294109900021
ER
PT J
AU Strickland, A
Miller, EL
Wooden, JL
Kozdon, R
Valley, JW
AF Strickland, Ariel
Miller, Elizabeth L.
Wooden, Joseph L.
Kozdon, Reinhard
Valley, John W.
TI SYN-EXTENSIONAL PLUTONISM AND PEAK METAMORPHISM IN THE ALBION-RAFT
RIVER-GROUSE CREEK METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Zircon; U-Pb; pluton; Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek; metamorphic core
complex; Oligocene; zircon inheritance
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEVIER THRUST BELT; TI-IN-ZIRCON; NORTH-AMERICAN
LITHOSPHERE; LATE CRETACEOUS EXTENSION; NEVADA VOLCANIC FIELD; RANGE
SOUTHERN IDAHO; MANTLED GNEISS DOMES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FARALLON SLAB
AB The Cassia plutonic complex (CPC) is a group of variably deformed, Oligocene granitic plutons exposed in the lower plate of the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek (ARG) metamorphic core complex of Idaho and Utah. The plutons range from granodiorite to garnet-bearing, leucogranite, and during intrusion, sillimanite-grade peak metamorphism and ductile attenuation occurred in the country rocks and normal-sense, amphibolite-grade deformation took place along the Middle Mountain shear zone. U-Pb zircon geochronology from three variably deformed plutons exposed in the lower plate of the ARG metamorphic core complex revealed that each zircon is comprised of inherited cores (dominantly late Archean) and Oligocene igneous overgrowths. Within each pluton, a spread of concordant ages from the Oligocene zircon overgrowths is interpreted as zircon recycling within a long-lived magmatic system. The plutons of the CPC have very low negative whole rock epsilon Nd values of -26 to -35, and initial Sr values of 0.714 to 0.718, consistent with an ancient, crustal source. Oxygen isotope ratios of the Oligocene zircon overgrowths from the CPC have an average delta O-18 value of 5.40 +/- 0.63 permil (2SD, n = 65) with a slight trend towards higher delta O-18 values through time. The delta O-18 values of the inherited cores of the zircons are more variable at 5.93 +/- 1.51 permil (2SD, n = 29). Therefore, we interpret the plutons of the CPC as derived, at least in part, from melting Archean crust based on the isotope geochemistry. In situ partial melting of the exposed Archean basement that was intruded by the Oligocene plutons of the CPC is excluded as the source for the CPC based on field relationships, age and geochemistry. Correlations between Ti and Hf concentrations in zircons from the CPC suggest that the magmatic system may have become hotter (higher Ti concentration in zircon) and less evolved (lower Hf in zircon concentration) through time. Therefore, the CPC represents prolonged or episodic magmatism system (32-25 Ma), and the intrusions were each accompanied by sillimanite-grade deformation and extension. The Oligocene magmatism and peak metamorphism preserved in the ARG metamorphic core complex are likely related to regional trends in mantle-derived magmatism that led to protracted heating, melting and mobilization of the deeper crust.
C1 [Strickland, Ariel; Miller, Elizabeth L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Strickland, Ariel; Kozdon, Reinhard; Valley, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Strickland, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM stricklandariel@gmail.com
RI Kozdon, Reinhard/J-9468-2014; Valley, John/B-3466-2011
OI Kozdon, Reinhard/0000-0001-6347-456X; Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722
FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [EAR-0809226,
EAR-0229854, EAR-0319230, EAR-0744079, EAR-0838058]
FX The authors would like to thank Andrew Barth and Trevor Dumitru for
thoughtful discussions and reviews of earlier manuscripts. Technical
support for analyses using the SHRIMP-RG was graciously provided by Brad
Ito. We are also grateful to Calvin Miller and an anonymous reviewer for
very helpful reviews. The authors also gratefully acknowledge support
for this study from the U.S. Geological Survey, and partial funding from
two National Science Foundation grants awarded to Elizabeth Miller
(EAR-0809226, EAR-0229854). The WiscSims lab is partially funded by
grants from the National Science Foundation (EAR-0319230, EAR-0744079),
and this research was also supported by a grant from the National
Science Foundation awarded to John Valley (EAR-0838058).
NR 105
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 23
PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE
PI NEW HAVEN
PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA
SN 0002-9599
EI 1945-452X
J9 AM J SCI
JI Am. J. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 311
IS 4
BP 261
EP 314
DI 10.2475/04.2011.01
PG 54
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 809YS
UT WOS:000294093200001
ER
PT J
AU Blum, A
Lee, L
Eberl, D
AF Blum, Alex
Lee, Lopaka
Eberl, Dennis
TI MEASUREMENT OF CLAY SURFACE AREAS BY POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP)
SORPTION: A NEW METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING ILLITE AND SMECTITE ABUNDANCE
SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Blum, Alex; Eberl, Dennis] USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Lee, Lopaka] USGS, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
RP Blum, A (reprint author), USGS, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM aeblum@usgs.gov
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 8
PU CLAY MINERALS SOC
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 0009-8604
J9 CLAY CLAY MINER
JI Clay Clay Min.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 59
IS 2
BP 212
EP 213
DI 10.1346/CCMN.2011.0590209
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil
Science
SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture
GA 799CH
UT WOS:000293260600009
ER
PT J
AU Bulla, CK
Gomes, LC
Miranda, LE
Agostinho, AA
AF Bulla, Cintia Karen
Gomes, Luiz Carlos
Miranda, Leandro Esteban
Agostinho, Angelo Antonio
TI The ichthyofauna of drifting macrophyte mats in the Ivinhema River,
upper Parana River basin, Brazil
SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Dispersion; Fish guilds; Floodplain; Free-floating plants; Freshwater
fishes
ID AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; EICHHORNIA-AZUREA; ITAIPU RESERVOIR; FISH
ASSEMBLAGES; LAKE; FLOODPLAIN; DISPERSAL; BIOMASS; AMAZON
AB We describe the fish assemblages associated with drifting macrophyte mats and consider their possible role as dispersal vectors in the Ivinhema River, a major tributary of the upper Parana River, Brazil. Fish associated with drifting mats were sampled in the main river channel during January and March 2005, when the wind and/or the increased water level were sufficient to transport macrophyte stands. Fish in the drifting mats were sampled with a floating sieve (4 m long x 2 m wide x 0.6 m high, and 2 mm mesh size). In the laboratory, larvae, juvenile, and adult fish were counted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. In four drifting macrophyte mats we captured 218 individuals belonging to at least 28 species, 17 families, and 6 orders. Aphyocharax dentatus, Serrasalmus spp., and Trachelyopterus galeatus were the most abundant taxa associated with the mats, but species richness ranged from 6 to 24 species per mat. In addition, 85% of the total number of individuals caught was larvae and juveniles. Although preliminary and based on limited samples, this study of drifting macrophyte mats was the first one in the last unregulated stretch of the Parana River remaining inside Brazilian territory, and alerts us to the potential role of macrophytes mats as dispersers of fish species in the region.
C1 [Bulla, Cintia Karen; Gomes, Luiz Carlos; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio] Univ Estadual Maringa, Programa Posgrad Ecol Ambientes Aquat Continentai, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
[Gomes, Luiz Carlos; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio] Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Biol, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
[Gomes, Luiz Carlos; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio] Univ Estadual Maringa, Nucleo Pesquisas Limnol Ictiol & Aquicultura Nupe, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
[Miranda, Leandro Esteban] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Bulla, CK (reprint author), Univ Estadual Maringa, Programa Posgrad Ecol Ambientes Aquat Continentai, Av Colombo 5790, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
RI Gomes, Luiz/D-5886-2013; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio/D-5888-2013
OI Agostinho, Angelo Antonio/0000-0002-4707-9444
FU CAPES
FX We are grateful to Nupelia for providing the infrastructure to collect
data. This project was developed within the Brazilian Long Term
Ecological Research, Site 6, conducted in the upper Parana River
floodplain. Joao Dirco Latini coordinated the entire operation in field.
CKB was supported by CAPES; LCG and AAA are Productivity Researchers of
CNPq.
NR 36
TC 9
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 20
PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA
PI SAO PAULO
PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO
PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL
SN 1679-6225
J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL
JI Neotrop. Ichthyol.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2011
VL 9
IS 2
BP 403
EP 409
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 794QE
UT WOS:000292915000018
ER
PT J
AU Faulkner, S
Barrow, W
Keeland, B
Walls, S
Telesco, D
AF Faulkner, Stephen
Barrow, Wylie, Jr.
Keeland, Bob
Walls, Susan
Telesco, David
TI Effects of conservation practices on wetland ecosystem services in the
Mississippi Alluvial Valley
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE ecosystem services; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; nutrient retention;
reforestation; restoration; Wetlands Reserve Program; wildlife habitat
ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN WETLAND; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD WETLAND;
AQUATIC-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; RIPARIAN FOREST;
PHOSPHORUS RETENTION; TERRESTRIAL HABITAT; COASTAL-PLAIN; RIVER-BASIN;
AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS
AB Restoration of wetland ecosystems is an important priority for many state and federal agencies, as well as nongovernmental conservation organizations. The historic conversion of wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) has resulted in large-scale implementation of a variety of conservation practices designed to restore and enhance wetland ecosystem services. As a consequence, the effectiveness of multiple approaches in achieving desired conservation goals varies depending on site conditions, practices employed, and specific ecosystem services. We reviewed government agency programs and the scientific literature to evaluate the effects of conservation practices on wetlands in the MAV. There were 68 different conservation practices applied to a combined total of 1.27 million ha in the MAV between 2000 and 2006. These practices fell into two categories: Wetland Conservation Practices and Upland Conservation Practices. Sixteen different practices accounted for nearly 92% of the total area, and only three of these are directly related to wetlands: Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management, Wetland Restoration, and Riparian Forest Buffer. All three of these practices involve reforestation, primarily planting hard-mast species such as Quercus sp. and Carya sp. These plantings are likely to develop into even-aged stands of low tree diversity with little structural heterogeneity, which will impact future wildlife habitat. Since hydrology is a critical driver of wetland processes, the ability of a given conservation practice to restore wetland hydrology is a key determinant of how well it can restore ecosystem services. However, there is little to no follow-up monitoring of projects, so it is difficult to know how much variability exists for any given practice or the efficacy of specific practices. Conservation practices that only plant trees without reconnecting the wetland to the hydrologic and nutrient fluxes in the watershed may restore some wildlife habitat but will do little for regulating services such as nitrogen retention. While conservation practices have overall beneficial effects on many ecosystem services in the MAV, the most effective are those with a direct link between the actions associated with a given practice and controls over ecosystem processes and services.
C1 [Faulkner, Stephen; Barrow, Wylie, Jr.; Keeland, Bob; Walls, Susan] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Telesco, David] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA.
RP Faulkner, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM sfaulkner@usgs.gov
FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
FX We thank Michael Baldwin for helping develop and analyze the
conservation practices database and Debbie Fuller for information on
black bears. We also thank Diane Eckles, Norman Melvin, and four
anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments on earlier drafts of the
manuscript. Parts of this work were supported by funding from the USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service.
NR 190
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 5
U2 58
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 3
SU S
BP S31
EP S48
DI 10.1890/10-0592.1
PG 18
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764UU
UT WOS:000290660700004
ER
PT J
AU Grezzi, G
Ayuso, RA
De Vivo, B
Lima, A
Albanese, S
AF Grezzi, G.
Ayuso, R. A.
De Vivo, B.
Lima, A.
Albanese, S.
TI Lead isotopes in soils and groundwaters as tracers of the impact of
human activities on the surface environment: The Domizio-Flegreo
Littoral (Italy) case study
SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Isotopes; Lead; Soils; Groundwater; Domizio-Flegreo Littoral
ID CAMPANIA REGION; STREAM SEDIMENTS; URBAN SOILS; ND-PB; ELEMENTS;
GEOCHEMISTRY; POLLUTION; VESUVIUS; AEROSOLS; HARMFUL
AB The isotopic signature of geogenic and anthropogenic materials, in combination with concentration data for pollutants, can help trace the origin and the extent of contamination in the environment This approach is particularly effective if naturally occurring and anthropogenically introduced metals have different isotopic ratios. Lead isotope analysis on soils from 7 profiles (1 m depth) and on groundwaters from Swells have been used to determine the impact of human activities on the surface environment of Domizio-Flegreo Littoral. Result obtained show that in sub-rural areas the isotopic composition of the samples collected along the soil profiles of Domizio-Flegreo Littoral is likely mostly controlled by the nature of the parent geologic material (natural) while in more urbanized areas (Giugliano) Pb isotopic composition in superficial soils is mostly influenced by anthropic sources such as motor vehicles. Lead isotopic ratios in groundwaters also show that the use of pesticides and, probably, the influence of aerosols and the presence of illegal waste disposal can influence water quality. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Grezzi, G.; De Vivo, B.; Lima, A.; Albanese, S.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80134 Naples, Italy.
[Ayuso, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Albanese, S (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy.
EM stefano_albanese@hotmail.com
NR 35
TC 11
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0375-6742
EI 1879-1689
J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR
JI J. Geochem. Explor.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 1-3
SI SI
BP 51
EP 58
DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.09.012
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 773DO
UT WOS:000291287400007
ER
PT J
AU Haig, SM
Bronaugh, WM
Crowhurst, RS
D'Elia, J
Eagles-Smith, CA
Epps, CW
Knaus, B
Miller, MP
Moses, ML
Oyler-McCance, S
Robinson, WD
Sidlauskas, B
AF Haig, Susan M.
Bronaugh, Whitcomb M.
Crowhurst, Rachel S.
D'Elia, Jesse
Eagles-Smith, Collin A.
Epps, Clinton W.
Knaus, Brian
Miller, Mark P.
Moses, Michael L.
Oyler-McCance, Sara
Robinson, W. Douglas
Sidlauskas, Brian
TI GENETIC APPLICATIONS IN AVIAN CONSERVATION
SO AUK
LA English
DT Review
ID NORTH-AMERICAN-BIRDS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; BRAZILIAN
ATLANTIC FOREST; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES;
OWLS STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; GOOSE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; SOUTHERN HOUSE
MOSQUITO; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE
AB A FUNDAMENTAL NEED in conserving species and their habitats is defining distinct entities that range from individuals to species to ecosystems and beyond (Table 1; Ryder 1986, Moritz 1994, Mayden and Wood 1995, Haig and Avise 1996, Hazevoet 1996, Palumbi and Cipriano 1998, Hebert et al. 2004, Mace 2004, Wheeler et al. 2004, Armstrong and Ball 2005, Baker 2008, Ellis et al. 2010, Winker and Haig 2010). Rapid progression in this interdisciplinary field continues at an exponential rate; thus, periodic updates on theory, techniques, and applications are important for informing practitioners and consumers of genetic information. Here, we outline conservation topics for which genetic information can be helpful, provide examples of where genetic techniques have been used best in avian conservation, and point to current technical bottlenecks that prevent better use of genomics to resolve conservation issues related to birds. We hope this review will provide geneticists and avian ecologists with a mutually beneficial dialogue on how this integrated field can solve current and future problems.
C1 [Haig, Susan M.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Miller, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Bronaugh, Whitcomb M.; Crowhurst, Rachel S.; D'Elia, Jesse; Epps, Clinton W.; Moses, Michael L.; Robinson, W. Douglas; Sidlauskas, Brian] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[D'Elia, Jesse] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
[Knaus, Brian] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Oyler-McCance, Sara] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM susan_haig@usgs.gov
RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011;
OI Sidlauskas, Brian/0000-0003-0597-4085; Eagles-Smith,
Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285; Knaus, Brian/0000-0003-1665-4343
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science
Center; Oregon State University; USGS Fort Collins Science Center; U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We are grateful to R. Fleischer and several anonymous reviewers for
comments on the manuscript. We further thank the U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Oregon State
University, USGS Fort Collins Science Center, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service for their support of this effort. Any use of trade, product, or
firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 339
TC 28
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U1 5
U2 64
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
EI 1938-4254
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 128
IS 2
BP 205
EP 229
DI 10.1525/auk.2011.128.2.205
PG 25
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 767VV
UT WOS:000290887600002
ER
PT J
AU Conklin, JR
Battley, PF
Potter, MA
Ruthrauff, DR
AF Conklin, Jesse R.
Battley, Phil F.
Potter, Murray A.
Ruthrauff, Dan R.
TI GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN MORPHOLOGY OF ALASKA-BREEDING BAR-TAILED GODWITS
(LIMOSA LAPPONICA) IS NOT MAINTAINED ON THEIR NONBREEDING GROUNDS IN NEW
ZEALAND
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Bar-tailed Godwit; geographic variation; Limosa lapponica
baueri; morphometrics; New Zealand; plumage
ID MIGRATION; SHOREBIRDS; SCHEDULES; SIGNALS; SIZE; RULE
AB Among scolopacid shorebirds, Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) have unusually high intra- and intersexual differences in size and breeding plumage. Despite historical evidence for population structure among Alaska-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (L. l. baueri), no thorough analysis, or comparison with the population's nonbreeding distribution, has been undertaken. We used live captures, field photography, museum specimens, and individuals tracked from New Zealand to describe geographic variation in size and plumage within the Alaska breeding range. We found a north-south cline in body size in Alaska, in which the smallest individuals of each sex occurred at the highest latitudes. Extent of male breeding plumage (proportion of nonbreeding contour feathers replaced) also increased with latitude, but female breeding plumage was most extensive at mid-latitudes. This population structure was not maintained in the nonbreeding season: morphometrics of captured birds and timing of migratory departures indicated that individuals from a wide range of breeding latitudes occur in each region and site in New Zealand. Links among morphology, phenology, and breeding location suggest the possibility of distinct Alaska breeding populations that mix freely in the nonbreeding season, and also imply that the strongest selection for size occurs in the breeding season. Received 7 October 2010, accepted 7 February 2011.
C1 [Conklin, Jesse R.; Battley, Phil F.; Potter, Murray A.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Ecol Grp, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
[Ruthrauff, Dan R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Conklin, JR (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Ecol Grp, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
EM conklin.jesse@gmail.com
FU Department of Conservation Research and Development [3739-01, 3599];
David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Marsden Fund
FX This project is indebted to many individuals studying godwits in Alaska
and Australasia over more than two decades. We owe special thanks to B.
McCaffery and R. Gill for planting the seeds of this research with many
hours of thoughtful discussion. We thank R. Gill, D. Melville, and C.
Steed for field assistance in Alaska, and D. Melville, A. Riegen, and R.
Schuckard for capture assistance in New Zealand. We thank T. Buckley, R.
Hill, S. Lovibond, J. Morse, A. Riegen, R. Schuckard, C. Steed, P.
Tomkovich, K. Woodley, and S. Zack for photographs of Alaska godwits. We
thank C. Cicero (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of
California at Berkeley), R. Gill (U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska
Science Center in Anchorage), and K. Winker (University of Alaska at
Fairbanks) for access to museum specimens. J. Fox at the British
Antarctic Survey provided technical assistance regarding geolocators. A.
Riegen provided New Zealand Wader Study Group capture data. The
Ornithological Society of New Zealand provided capture data partly
obtained under Department of Conservation Research and Development
contracts 3739-01 and 3599. This project was supported by the David and
Lucille Packard Foundation through the Pacific Shorebird Migration
Project, and by a Marsden Fund grant administered by The Royal Society
of New Zealand to P.F.B.
NR 29
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U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 128
IS 2
BP 363
EP 373
DI 10.1525/auk.2011.10231
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 767VV
UT WOS:000290887600017
ER
PT J
AU Ennen, JR
Qualls, CP
AF Ennen, Joshua R.
Qualls, Carl P.
TI DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT UTILIZATION OF THE GOPHER TORTOISE TICK
(AMBLYOMMA TUBERCULATUM) IN SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID IXODIDAE; ACARI; FIRE; POPULATIONS; MARMOREUM; PROVINCE; PRAIRIE
AB The distribution of the gopher tortoise tick (Amblyomma tuberculatum) has been considered intrinsically linked to the distribution of its primary host, gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). However, the presence of G. polyphemus does not always equate to the presence of A. tuberculatum. There is a paucity of data on the ecology, habitat preferences, and distribution of A. tuberculatum. The goals of this study were to assess the distribution of A. tuberculatum in southern Mississippi and to determine which, if any, habitat parameters explain the distribution pattern of A. tuberculatum. During 2006-2007, we examined 13 G. polyphemus populations in southern Mississippi for the presence of A. tuberculatum, and we measured a suite of habitat parameters at each site. Only 23% of the G. polyphemus populations supported A. tuberculatum, suggesting a more restricted distribution than its host. The results of our multivariate analyses identified several habitat variables, e. g., depth of sand and percentage of sand in the topsoil and burrow apron, as being important in discriminating between sites with, and without, A. tuberculatum. Amblyomma tuberculatum was only found at sites with a mean sand depth of >100 cm and a mean percentage of topsoil and burrow apron sand composition >94.0 and 92.4, respectively. Thus, environmental factors, and not just its host's range, seem to influence the distribution of A. tuberculatum.
C1 [Ennen, Joshua R.; Qualls, Carl P.] No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Ennen, JR (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Appl Res & Dev Bldg,Suite 150,POB 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM jennen@usgs.gov
FU Mississippi Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks'
FX Funding for this project was indirectly obtained through the Mississippi
Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks' Section 6 program and T. Smith,
USACE-ERDC-CERL. Scientific permits to conduct research on G. polyphemus
were provided by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and
Parks. This work was approved by the University of Southern
Mississippi's IACUC (protocol 07032201). We thank J. Schaefer for
comments and assistance in the multivariate statistical analyses; D.
Baxely, J. Oliver, and D. Apanaskevich for reviewing the manuscript; and
T. Mann for input and review of earlier drafts of the manuscript. Thanks
to Nathan Robertson for assistance with portions of the fieldwork. Any
use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 97
IS 2
BP 202
EP 206
DI 10.1645/GE-2599.1
PG 5
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 768QI
UT WOS:000290950500005
PM 21506776
ER
PT J
AU Smith, DHV
Converse, SJ
Gibson, KW
Moehrenschlager, A
Link, WA
Olsen, GH
Maguire, K
AF Smith, Des H. V.
Converse, Sarah J.
Gibson, Keith W.
Moehrenschlager, Axel
Link, William A.
Olsen, Glenn H.
Maguire, Kelly
TI Decision Analysis for Conservation Breeding: Maximizing Production for
Reintroduction of Whooping Cranes
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE artificial incubation; Bayesian model selection; captive breeding;
decision analysis; Grus americana; Grus canadensis; multiple clutching;
sandhill crane; whooping crane
ID ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION; HATCHING FAILURE; EGGS; AGE; RELATEDNESS;
MANAGEMENT
AB Captive breeding is key to management of severely endangered species, but maximizing captive production can be challenging because of poor knowledge of species breeding biology and the complexity of evaluating different management options. In the face of uncertainty and complexity, decision-analytic approaches can be used to identify optimal management options for maximizing captive production. Building decision-analytic models requires iterations of model conception, data analysis, model building and evaluation, identification of remaining uncertainty, further research and monitoring to reduce uncertainty, and integration of new data into the model. We initiated such a process to maximize captive production of the whooping crane (Grus americana), the world's most endangered crane, which is managed through captive breeding and reintroduction. We collected 15 years of captive breeding data from 3 institutions and used Bayesian analysis and model selection to identify predictors of whooping crane hatching success. The strongest predictor, and that with clear management relevance, was incubation environment. The incubation period of whooping crane eggs is split across two environments: crane nests and artificial incubators. Although artificial incubators are useful for allowing breeding pairs to produce multiple clutches, our results indicate that crane incubation is most effective at promoting hatching success. Hatching probability increased the longer an egg spent in a crane nest, from 40% hatching probability for eggs receiving 1 day of crane incubation to 95% for those receiving 30 days (time incubated in each environment varied independently of total incubation period). Because birds will lay fewer eggs when they are incubating longer, a tradeoff exists between the number of clutches produced and egg hatching probability. We developed a decision-analytic model that estimated 16 to be the optimal number of days of crane incubation needed to maximize the number of offspring produced. These results show that using decision-analytic tools to account for uncertainty in captive breeding can improve the rate at which such programs contribute to wildlife reintroductions. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Smith, Des H. V.; Gibson, Keith W.; Moehrenschlager, Axel] Ctr Conservat Res, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada.
[Converse, Sarah J.; Link, William A.; Olsen, Glenn H.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Maguire, Kelly] Int Crane Fdn, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA.
RP Smith, DHV (reprint author), Ctr Conservat Res, 1300 Zoo Rd NE, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada.
EM dess@calgaryzoo.ab.ca
OI Converse, Sarah J/0000-0002-3719-5441
FU Husky Energy, Inc.; Canadian Wildlife Service; Calgary Zoo
FX We thank the following institutions for the provision of data: Patuxent
Wildlife Research Centre, the International Crane Foundation, the
Devonian Wildlife Research Centre (Calgary Zoo). The following people
provided advice and support throughout our project: D. Knapik, C.
Robinson-Ladiges, S. Black, D. Whiteside, B. Peel, R. Wenman, N. Yeoman,
V. Edwards, J. Chandler, M. Putnam, J. French, S. Zimorski, K. Jones, T.
Everest. A. Royle provided advice on data analysis. A. Hargreaves and J.
Macpherson assisted with editing and provided many useful comments. K.
Jones, M. Putnam, J. French, J. Chandler, D. Whiteside, D. Knapik, and
M. Savoie also made many useful comments on the manuscript. Two
anonymous reviewers also provided comments to improve the manuscript.
This research was funded by Husky Energy, Inc., the Canadian Wildlife
Service, and the Calgary Zoo.
NR 35
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 8
U2 57
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 501
EP 508
DI 10.1002/jwmg.88
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800004
ER
PT J
AU Sauer, JR
Otto, MC
Kendall, WL
Zimmerman, GS
AF Sauer, John R.
Otto, Mark C.
Kendall, William L.
Zimmerman, Guthrie S.
TI Monitoring Bald Eagles Using Lists of Nests: Response to Watts and Duerr
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE bald eagle; dual frame sampling; list frame; nesting
AB The post-delisting monitoring plan for bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) roposed use of a dual-frame sample design, in which sampling of known nest sites in combination with additional area-based sampling is used to estimate total number of nesting bald eagle pairs. Watts and Duerr (2010) used data from repeated observations of bald eagle nests in Virginia, USA to estimate a nest turnover rate and used this rate to simulate decline in number of occupied nests in list nests over time. Results of Watts and Duerr suggest that, given the rates of loss of nests from the list of known nest sites in Virginia, the list information will be of little value to sampling unless lists are constantly updated. Those authors criticize the plan for not placing sufficient emphasis on updating and maintaining lists of bald eagle nests. Watts and Duerr's metric of turnover rate does not distinguish detectability or temporary nonuse of nests from permanent loss of nests and likely overestimates turnover rate. We describe a multi-state capture-recapture model that allows appropriate estimation of rates of loss of nests, and we use the model to estimate rates of loss from a sample of nests from Maine, USA. The post-delisting monitoring plan addresses the need to maintain and update the lists of nests, and we show that dual frame sampling is an effective approach for sampling nesting bald eagle populations. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Sauer, John R.; Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Otto, Mark C.; Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Sauer, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM jrsauer@usgs.gov
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 509
EP 512
DI 10.1002/jwmg.84
PG 4
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800005
ER
PT J
AU Manning, JA
Kaler, RSA
AF Manning, Jeffrey A.
Kaler, Robb S. A.
TI Effects of Survey Methods on Burrowing Owl Behaviors
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE agroecosystem; Athene cunicularia; behavioral responses; burrowing owl;
California; field experiment; Imperial Valley; short-term displacement;
survey methods
ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; NEST-SITE; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; DISTANCES;
WILDLIFE; COLORADO; SUCCESS; MEXICO
AB Monitoring wildlife populations often involves intensive survey efforts to attain reliable estimates of population size. Such efforts can increase disturbance to animals, alter detection, and bias population estimates. Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) are declining across western North America, and information on the relative effects of potential survey methods on owl behaviors is needed. We designed a field experiment to compare burrowing owl flight distances, times displaced, and probabilities of being displaced between 4 potential population survey methods (single walking surveyor, single vehicle stop, single vehicle stop with 2 surveyors, and double vehicle stop with 2 surveyors), and an experimental control in the agricultural matrix of Imperial Valley, California. Between 25 April and 1 May 2008, we randomly applied survey methods to 395 adult male owls during daylight hours (0700 hours through 1900 hours). All survey methods increased odds of displacing owls from perches. Survey methods with observers outside the vehicle were 3 times more likely to displace an owl than a single vehicle stop where observers remained inside the vehicle. Owls were displaced farther distances by all survey methods compared to control trials, but distances and time displaced did not differ among survey methods. We recommend that surveys for counting owls during the breeding season in agroecystems like the Imperial Valley where high densities of owls nest primarily along the borders of fields be conducted using single vehicle stops with or without 2 surveyors, depending on conditions for locating owls from roads. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Manning, Jeffrey A.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources 107, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Kaler, Robb S. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
RP Manning, JA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources 107, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM jeffmanning@vandals.uidaho.edu
FU Imperial Irrigation District's Colorado River Water Transfer Project and
Manning Biological Research
FX We thank W. R. Trione for sharing ideas and assisting with the testing
of field protocols. We thank A. Bloomfield, D. G. Burnett, S. Burrell,
S. Carroll, C. Chutter, A. DeJoannis, E. Donadio, M. Dresser, T.
Eisenhower, V. Eurs, L. A. Ferreira, L. Genzoli, P. J. Goulet, M. Grant,
J. Luttrell, S. Malick, A. C. Persinger, G. Robinson, S. Sells, and Z.
Wallace for their endless hours applying field treatments and observing
owls. We also thank C. S. Goldberg for helpful discussions and
suggestions on statistical approaches. Additionally, we thank P. Bloom
and J. Lincer for assisting in logistics and L. Kenney and 3 anonymous
referees for their suggestions on earlier versions of this study that
greatly improved it. This study was funded in part by the Imperial
Irrigation District's Colorado River Water Transfer Project and Manning
Biological Research.
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TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 525
EP 530
DI 10.1002/jwmg.86
PG 6
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800007
ER
PT J
AU Stauffer, GE
Diefenbach, DR
Marshall, MR
Brauning, DW
AF Stauffer, Glenn E.
Diefenbach, Duane R.
Marshall, Matthew R.
Brauning, Daniel W.
TI Nest Success of Grassland Sparrows on Reclaimed Surface Mines
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE grasshopper sparrows; Henslow's sparrows; nest survival; non-native
grasslands; Pennsylvania; Savannah sparrows; seasonal trends
ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HENSLOWS
SPARROWS; BREEDING BIOLOGY; BIRD ABUNDANCE; UNITED-STATES; COAL-MINES;
SURVIVAL; VEGETATION
AB Grasslands resulting from surface mine reclamation support grassland songbird populations in several midwestern and eastern states in the United States, especially where reclaimed mines are large (> 1,000 ha). However, most reclaimed surface mines in Pennsylvania are small (< 200 ha), and nest success is unknown. We evaluated nest success of grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum), Henslow's (A. henslowii), and Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) on 4 reclaimed surface mines (50-180 ha) in western Pennsylvania, USA from 2006 to 2007. Overall nest success based on mean covariate values was 0.435 (95% CI = 0.376-0.504) for grasshopper sparrows, 0.396 (95% CI = 0.295-0.533) for Henslow's sparrows, and 0.158 (95% CI = 0.063-0.392) for Savannah sparrows. These estimates of nest success are comparable to those on larger reclaimed mines and other habitats. Grasshopper and Henslow's sparrow nests that were well concealed were less likely to fail than highly visible nests (beta(visible) - -0.028, CI - -0.051 to -0.005 for grasshopper sparrows; beta(visible) = -0.063, CI = -0.112 to -0.014 for Henslow's sparrows), and nests in areas with surrounding deep litter were more likely to fail than nests in areas with shallow litter (beta(litterD) = 0.145, CI = =0.335 to 0.045 for grasshopper sparrows; beta(blitterD) = -0.676, CI = -1.187 to -0.116 for Henslow's sparrows). Savannah sparrow nests in areas with high visual obstruction by vegetation were less likely to fail than nests in areas with sparse and short vegetation (beta(VisOb) = -0.048, CI = 0.006-0.091). Daily probability of survival for grasshopper sparrow nests was greatest early and late in the breeding season, and Savannah sparrow nest survival followed a decreasing linear trend. Nest survival of Henslow's sparrows was greater on warm days (beta(temp) = -0.197, CI = -0.014-0.379), whereas for Savannah sparrows nest survival decreased on warm days and on days with rain, but for Savannah sparrows confidence intervals of weather effects included zero (beta(temp) = -0.098, CI = -0.246 to 0.050; beta(rain) = 3.13, CI = -14.19 to 20.45). We suggest that small reclaimed surface mine grasslands can provide valuable nesting habitat and could be important to the conservation of grassland bird populations. Because nest success can increase in the latter part of the nesting season, agricultural disturbances or management activities in mid-to late summer could adversely affect reproductive success. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Stauffer, Glenn E.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Diefenbach, Duane R.] US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA.
[Marshall, Matthew R.] Natl Pk Serv, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Brauning, Daniel W.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA.
RP Stauffer, GE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM gestauffer@gmail.com
FU United States Geological Society; United States Fish and Wildlife
Service; Pennsylvania Game Commission; Pennsylvania State University
FX Funding for this project was provided by the United States Geological
Society, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Pennsylvania
Game Commission, and the Pennsylvania State University. We thank M.
Blake, D. Cramer, J. Everitts, A. Graham, C. Larkin, C. Laughlin, C.
Makufka, S. Michler, A. Nordick, T. Seigmund, and K. Steinkerchner for
field assistance and J. Rotella, T. Donovan, S. Rosenstock, and 2
anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this
manuscript.
NR 59
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 37
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 548
EP 557
DI 10.1002/jwmg.70
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800010
ER
PT J
AU Royle, JA
Magoun, AJ
Gardner, B
Valkenburg, P
Lowell, RE
AF Royle, J. Andrew
Magoun, Audrey J.
Gardner, Beth
Valkenburg, Patrick
Lowell, Richard E.
TI Density Estimation in a Wolverine Population Using Spatial
Capture-Recapture Models
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian; capture-recapture; density; Gulo gulo; motion-detection
cameras; spatial models; wolverine
ID GULO-GULO; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; DATA AUGMENTATION; CAMERA-TRAP; SIZE;
INFERENCE
AB Classical closed-population capture-recapture models do not accommodate the spatial information inherent in encounter history data obtained from camera-trapping studies. As a result, individual heterogeneity in encounter probability is induced, and it is not possible to estimate density objectively because trap arrays do not have a well-defined sample area. We applied newly-developed, capture-recapture models that accommodate the spatial attribute inherent in capture-recapture data to a population of wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Southeast Alaska in 2008. We used camera-trapping data collected from 37 cameras in a 2,140-km(2) area of forested and open habitats largely enclosed by ocean and glacial icefields. We detected 21 unique individuals 115 times. Wolverines exhibited a strong positive trap response, with an increased tendency to revisit previously visited traps. Under the trap-response model, we estimated wolverine density at 9.7 individuals/1,000 km(2) (95% Bayesian CI: 5.9-15.0). Our model provides a formal statistical framework for estimating density from wolverine camera-trapping studies that accounts for a behavioral response due to baited traps. Further, our model-based estimator does not have strict requirements about the spatial configuration of traps or length of trapping sessions, providing considerable operational flexibility in the development of field studies. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Royle, J. Andrew; Gardner, Beth] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Magoun, Audrey J.; Valkenburg, Patrick; Lowell, Richard E.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA.
RP Royle, JA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM aroyle@usgs.gov
OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167
FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Alaska Trappers Association;
American Wildlife Conservation Foundation, Inc.; Campion Foundation;
Milwaukee Zoo; Minnesota Zoo; Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Inc.;
Seattle Sportsman's Conservation Foundation-Safari Club International;
Wolverine Foundation, Inc.; Wilburforce Foundation; Wildlife
Conservation Society Canada; Wildlife Research and Management, WRAM
FX Our research was funded by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Alaska Trappers Association, American Wildlife Conservation Foundation,
Inc., Campion Foundation, D. Pedersen, Milwaukee Zoo, Minnesota Zoo,
Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Inc., Seattle Sportsman's Conservation
Foundation-Safari Club International, The Wolverine Foundation, Inc.,
Wilburforce Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, and
Wildlife Research and Management, WRAM. D. Benitz provided logistical
support, assistance in the field, and expertise in wolverine trapping.
S. and F. Nelson shared information on wolverines in the study area. We
thank J. Long for administration of grants and assistance with data
management. D. Watts provided GIS expertise. M. Meucci, W. O'Brocta, and
W. Malcom provided logistical support and assistance in the field. We
thank trappers and hunters who provided bait for our traps. Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not constitute endorsement by the United States government.
NR 33
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U1 4
U2 79
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 604
EP 611
DI 10.1002/jwmg.79
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800016
ER
PT J
AU Whitney, LW
Anthony, RG
Jackson, DH
AF Whitney, Lowell W.
Anthony, Robert G.
Jackson, Dewaine H.
TI Resource Partitioning Between Sympatric Columbian White-Tailed and
Black-Tailed Deer in Western Oregon
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE black-tailed deer; Columbian white-tailed deer; diets; habitat use;
resource partitioning; spatial distributions; western Oregon
ID EVALUATING GRAZING STRATEGIES; MULE DEER; NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT USE;
HOME-RANGE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; NICHE SEPARATION; CATTLE DEER;
COMPETITION; OVERLAP
AB We studied resource partitioning between sympatric populations of Columbian white-tailed (CWTD; Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) and black-tailed (BWTD) deer (O. odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in western Oregon to understand potential mechanisms of coexistence. We used horseback transects to describe spatial distributions, population overlap, and habitat use for both species, and we studied diets with microhistological analysis of fecal samples. Distribution patterns indicated that white-tailed and black-tailed deer maintained spatial separation during most seasons with spatial overlap ranging from 5%-40% seasonally. Coefficients of species association were negative, suggesting a pattern of mutual avoidance. White-tailed deer were more concentrated in the southern portions of the study area, which was characterized by lower elevations, more gradual slopes, and close proximity to streams. Black-tailed deer were more wide ranging and tended to occur in the northern portions of the study area, which had higher elevations and greater topographical variation. Habitat use of different vegetative assemblages was similar between white-tailed and black-tailed deer with overlap ranging from 89%-96% seasonally. White-tailed deer used nearly all habitats available on the study area except those associated with conifers. White-tailed deer used oak-hardwood savanna shrub, open grassland, oak-hardwood savanna, and riparian habitats the most. Black-tailed deer exhibited high use for open grassland and oak-hardwood savanna shrub habitats and lower use of all others. The 2 subspecies also exhibited strong seasonal similarities in diets with overlap ranging from 89% to 95%. White-tailed deer diets were dominated by forbs, shrubs, grasses, and other food sources (e. g., nuts and lichens). Columbian black-tailed deer diets were dominated mostly by forbs and other food sources. Seasonal diet diversity followed similar patterns for both species with the most diverse diets occurring in fall and the least diverse diets in spring. High overlap in habitat use and diets resulted in high trophic overlap (81-85%) between white-tailed and black-tailed deer; however, the low spatial overlap reduced the potential for exploitative competition but may have been indicative of inference competition between the species. Diverse habitat and forage opportunities were available on the study area due to heterogeneous landscape characteristics, which allowed ecological separation between white-tailed and black-tailed deer despite similarities in diets and habitat use. We make several recommendations for management of CWTD, a previously threatened species, based on the results of our study. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Jackson, Dewaine H.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA.
RP Whitney, LW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Ecol Serv, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA.
EM robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife;
BLM; Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Oregon State
University Agricultural Extension Unit; Oregon Black-tailed Deer
Foundation; White-tails Unlimited
FX This project was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon
Department of Fish and Wildlife, BLM, Oregon Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University Agricultural Extension
Unit, Oregon Black-tailed Deer Foundation, and White-tails Unlimited. We
especially thank the BLM for allowing us to conduct research on the
NBHMA and for providing equipment and technical assistance. We thank the
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for providing equipment and field
technicians. We are grateful for the field assistance of R. Petersen, A.
Coughlan, and A. Reed. We thank M. Black, S. Denny, R. Holmes, J. Klein,
J. Mires, D. Peterson, J. Ritter, and many other agency personnel for
encouragement and support of the study. B. Collier, B. Coblentz, P.
Kjellander, M. Ricca, and W. Smith provided helpful comments on earlier
drafts of the manuscript.
NR 71
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 631
EP 645
DI 10.1002/jwmg.78
PG 15
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800019
ER
PT J
AU Williams, BL
Holtfreter, RW
Ditchkoff, SS
Grand, JB
AF Williams, Brian L.
Holtfreter, Robert W.
Ditchkoff, Stephen S.
Grand, James B.
TI Efficiency of Time-Lapse Intervals and Simple Baits for Camera Surveys
of Wild Pigs
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE bait; camera surveys; Fort Benning; Georgia; Sus scrofa; wild pigs
ID FERAL PIGS; POPULATION
AB Growing concerns surrounding established and expanding populations of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) have created the need for rapid and accurate surveys of these populations. We conducted surveys of a portion of the wild pig population on Fort Benning, Georgia, to determine if a longer time-lapse interval than had been previously used in surveys of wild pigs would generate similar detection results. We concurrently examined whether use of soured corn at camera sites affected the time necessary for pigs to locate a new camera site or the time pigs remained at a site. Our results suggest that a 9-min time-lapse interval generated dependable detection results for pigs and that soured corn neither attracted pigs to a site any quicker than plain, dry, whole-kernel corn, nor held them at a site longer. Maximization of time-lapse interval should decrease data and processing loads, and use of a simple, available bait should decrease cost and effort associated with more complicated baits; combination of these concepts should increase efficiency of wild pig surveys. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Williams, Brian L.; Holtfreter, Robert W.; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Williams, BL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM graycal6pb@aol.com
FU United States Department of Defense, Fort Benning Military Reservation;
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and Center for Forest
Sustainability, Auburn University; Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit
FX We thank G. Brooks, S. Abrams and T. Hess for their invaluable
assistance collecting data. Funding for this research was provided by
the United States Department of Defense, Fort Benning Military
Reservation. Additional support was provided by the School of Forestry
and Wildlife Sciences and Center for Forest Sustainability, Auburn
University, and the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit.
NR 11
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 655
EP 659
DI 10.1002/jwmg.75
PG 5
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800021
ER
PT J
AU Cunningham, MA
Johnson, DH
AF Cunningham, Mary Ann
Johnson, Douglas H.
TI Seeking Parsimony in Landscape Metrics
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE area sensitivity; birds; fragmentation; habitat selection; landscape;
landscape composition; landscape configuration; landscape metrics; patch
size; percentage cover
ID BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS; NORTH-DAKOTA; AREA SENSITIVITY; FOREST
SONGBIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; GRASSLAND; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION;
ABUNDANCE; EDGE
AB Numerous metrics describing landscape patterns have been used to explain landscape-scale habitat selection by birds. The myriad metrics, their complexity, and inconsistent responses to them by birds have led to a lack of clear recommendations for managing land for desired species. The amount of a target land cover type in the landscape (percentage cover) often has been a useful indicator of the likelihood of species occurrence or of habitat selection; is it also a more adequate and parsimonious measure for explaining species distributions than patch size or more complex measures of landscape configuration? We examined responses of 6 woodland-interior bird species to the percentage tree cover within prescribed areas and to patch size, edge density, and other metrics. We examined responses in 2 landscapes: a mixed woodland-savanna and an eastern deciduous forest. For these 6 species, percentage tree cover explained bird occurrence as well as or better than other measures in both study areas. We then repeated the analysis on a larger group of woodland species, including those associated with woodland edges. The bird species we studied had varied responses to landscape metrics, but percentage tree cover was the strongest explanatory variable overall. Although percentage cover estimated from remotely sensed data is an inexact representation of habitat in the landscape, it does appear to be reliable and easy to conceptualize, relative to other measures. We suggest that, at least for woodland habitat, percentage cover is a broadly useful measure that can be helpful in pragmatic questions of explaining responses to landscapes or in anticipating responses to landscape change. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Cunningham, Mary Ann] Vassar Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA.
[Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Cunningham, MA (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Dept Earth Sci & Geog, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA.
EM macunningham@vassar.edu
NR 36
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Z9 5
U1 2
U2 24
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 692
EP 701
DI 10.1002/jwmg.85
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800026
ER
PT J
AU Cariappa, CA
Oakleaf, JK
Ballard, WB
Breck, SW
AF Cariappa, C. A.
Oakleaf, John K.
Ballard, Warren B.
Breck, Stewart W.
TI A Reappraisal of the Evidence for Regulation of Wolf Populations
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE numerical response; prey limitation regulation; Type 1; Type 2; Type 3;
wolves
ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; MOUNTAIN LIONS; WOLVES; SIZE
AB The dogma that gray wolf (Canis lupus) population densities in naturally occurring systems are limited almost solely by available ungulate biomass is based upon studies that fit straight line linear regressions (Type 1 numerical response) to data collected at 32 sites across North America. We fit Type 1, 2, and 3 response functions to the data using linear and nonlinear regression as appropriate and found that the evidence supported wolf population regulation by density-dependence as much as limitation by prey availability. When we excluded 4 of 32 points from the original data set because those points represented exploited or expanding wolf populations the data suggested that wolf populations are self regulated rather than limited by prey biomass by at least a 3:1 margin. In establishing goals for sustainable wolf population levels, managers of wolf reintroductions and species recovery efforts should account for the possibility that some regulatory mechanism plays an important role in wolf population dynamics. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Cariappa, C. A.; Ballard, Warren B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Oakleaf, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mexican Wolf Field Projects Coordinator, Alpine, AZ 85920 USA.
[Breck, Stewart W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
RP Cariappa, CA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM warren.ballard@ttu.edu
RI Bruskotter, Jeremy/B-3240-2012
NR 32
TC 12
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U1 2
U2 48
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 726
EP 730
DI 10.1002/jwmg.74
PG 5
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800031
ER
PT J
AU Demaso, SJ
Hernandez, F
Brennan, LA
Bingham, RL
AF Demaso, Stephen J.
Hernandez, Fidel
Brennan, Leonard A.
Bingham, Ralph L.
TI Application of the Simple Saddlepoint Approximation to Estimate
Probability Distributions in Wildlife Research
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Colinus virginianus; habitat suitability; northern bobwhite; probability
distribution; simple saddlepoint approximation; skewness; variance
ID STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; NORTHERN BOBWHITES; MANAGEMENT
AB The simple saddlepoint approximation (SSA) uses the mean, variance, and skewness (a measure of the asymmetry of the distribution) of a data set to algebraically approximate the probability density function of a selected variable. We compared habitat-suitability bounds estimated with SSAs and continuous selection functions. Habitat-suitability bounds for bobwhite nesting based on the SSA method were biologically comparable to the results of the method based on continuous selection functions. The SSA approach allows habitat-suitability bounds to be estimated using algebra and can be calculated in computer spreadsheets. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.
C1 [Demaso, Stephen J.; Hernandez, Fidel; Brennan, Leonard A.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA.
[Bingham, Ralph L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA.
RP Demaso, SJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM fidel.hernandez@tamuk.edu
FU Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute and Texas A&M
University-Kingsville; Texas State Council, South Texas, Houston, East
Texas; Alamo Chapters of Quail Unlimited; George and Mary Josephine
Hamman Foundation; Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and Helen C. Kleberg
Foundation; Amy Shelton McNutt Charitable Trust; Amy Shelton McNutt
Memorial Fund; Bob and Vivian Smith Foundation; The William A. and
Madeline Welder Smith Foundation
FX On 28 May 2010, Dr. Ralph L. Bingham passed away while fishing in Baffin
Bay along the Texas Gulf Coast. Ralph was a teacher, mentor, colleague,
and a friend to many of us who knew him. We will miss him. We thank the
Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute and Texas A&M
University-Kingsville for providing financial and logistical support.
Cooperative funding was provided by the Texas State Council, South
Texas, Houston, East Texas, and Alamo Chapters of Quail Unlimited;
George and Mary Josephine Hamman Foundation; Robert J. Kleberg, Jr. and
Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; Amy Shelton McNutt Charitable Trust; Amy
Shelton McNutt Memorial Fund; Bob and Vivian Smith Foundation; and The
William A. and Madeline Welder Smith Foundation. We thank P. Doherty, F.
S. Guthery, A. R. Litt, M. J. Peterson, J. P. Sands, and J. H. Matis for
providing helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This
manuscript is Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute publication
number 10-121.
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 3
BP 740
EP 746
DI 10.1002/jwmg.80
PG 7
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 769JD
UT WOS:000291007800033
ER
PT J
AU Oyler-McCance, SJ
Fike, JA
AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J.
Fike, Jennifer A.
TI Characterization of small microsatellite loci isolated in endangered
Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) for use in non-invasive sampling
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Indiana bat; Microsatellite; Myotis sodalis; Non invasive sampling
ID FECAL DNA; TRACKING
AB Primers for 10 microsatellite loci were developed specifically to amplify low quantity and quality DNA in the endangered Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis). In a screen of 20 individuals from a population in Missouri, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from seven to 18 alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although two loci revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses and for use in mark-recapture studies that utilize DNA collected non-invasively from fecal pellets, which will ultimately aid in management efforts.
C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey; Fish and Wildlife Service
FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey in collaboration with
the Fish and Wildlife Service. The use of any trade, product, or firm
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the US Government. We thank S. Amelon for providing DNA samples, and J.
Whitaker and D. Sparks for providing tissue samples. Additionally, we
thank J. St John for her technical help on this project and L. Ellison
and A. Piaggio for their helpful comments on this manuscript.
NR 17
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 2
BP 243
EP 245
DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9332-0
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 761YG
UT WOS:000290438700012
ER
PT J
AU Moyer, GR
Williams, AS
AF Moyer, G. R.
Williams, A. S.
TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for the oval
pigtoe mussel, Pleurobema pyriforme (Lea 1857)
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Endangered species; Freshwater mussel; Unionidae
AB We isolated nine microsatellite loci from Pleurobema pyriforme, a freshwater mussel species currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. Eight loci were polymorphic with 2-15 alleles and observed heterozygosities of 0.130-0.957. All loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations and all pairs of loci showed no significant genotypic disequilibrium. These are the first isolated microsatellite loci for this species and will serve in ongoing conservation efforts of P. pyriforme.
C1 [Moyer, G. R.; Williams, A. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA.
RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, 5308 Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA.
EM Greg_Moyer@fws.gov
NR 10
TC 1
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U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 2
BP 255
EP 257
DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9335-x
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 761YG
UT WOS:000290438700015
ER
PT J
AU Ramirez, J
Munguia-Vega, A
Culver, M
AF Ramirez, J.
Munguia-Vega, A.
Culver, M.
TI Isolation of microsatellite loci from the lesser long-nosed bat
(Leptonycteris yerbabuenae)
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
ID DNA; CURASOAE
C1 [Ramirez, J.; Munguia-Vega, A.; Culver, M.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Conservat Genet Lab, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Ramirez, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Conservat Genet Lab, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, BioSci E 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM judithrm@email.arizona.edu
FU Arizona Game and Fish Department; Bat Conservation International
Scholarship; Wildlife Conservation Society
FX We acknowledge the financial support from Arizona Game and Fish
Department Heritage Fund Program, Bat Conservation International
Scholarship, and Wildlife Conservation Society Research Fellowship.
Thank you to Ronnie Sidner, Debbie Beucher, Karen Krebbs, Cora Varas and
Carlos Chiquete for their help with sample collection.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 2
BP 327
EP 329
DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9355-6
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 761YG
UT WOS:000290438700033
ER
PT J
AU Oyler-McCance, SJ
Fike, JA
Talley-Farnham, T
Engelman, T
Engelman, F
AF Oyler-McCance, Sara J.
Fike, Jennifer A.
Talley-Farnham, Tiffany
Engelman, Tena
Engelman, Fred
TI Characterization of ten microsatellite loci in the Broad-tailed
Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Broad-tailed Hummingbird; Family relationships; Microsatellites;
Population genetics; Selasphorus platycercus
AB The Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selaphorus platycercus) breeds at higher elevations in the central and southern Rockies, eastern California, and Mexico and has been studied for 8 years in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Questions regarding the relatedness of Broad-tailed Hummingbirds banded together and then recaptured in close time proximity in later years led us to isolate and develop primers for 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. In a screen of 25 individuals from a population in Rocky Mountain National Park, the 10 loci were found to have levels of variability ranging from two to 16 alleles. No loci were found to depart from linkage disequilibrium, although two loci revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These 10 microsatellite loci will be applicable for population genetic analyses, investigation of mating systems and relatedness, and may help gain insight into the migration timing and routes for this species.
C1 [Oyler-McCance, Sara J.; Fike, Jennifer A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Talley-Farnham, Tiffany] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
[Engelman, Tena; Engelman, Fred] Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA.
RP Oyler-McCance, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov
FU National Park Service
FX This work was funded by the National Park Service. The use of any trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank J. St John for her
technical help on this project and H. Earnest and J. Ruth for helpful
comments on this manuscript.
NR 11
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U1 1
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 2
BP 351
EP 353
DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9360-9
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 761YG
UT WOS:000290438700038
ER
PT J
AU Stirling, I
McDonald, TL
Richardson, ES
Regehr, EV
Amstrup, SC
AF Stirling, Ian
McDonald, Trent L.
Richardson, E. S.
Regehr, Eric V.
Amstrup, Steven C.
TI Polar bear population status in the northern Beaufort Sea, Canada,
1971-2006
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE aboriginal hunting; Arctic; Beaufort Sea; climate warming;
open-population capture-recapture models; polar bears; population
estimation; sea ice; survival rates; Ursus maritimus
ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; URSUS-MARITIMUS; ICE COVER; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION;
PREDATION; SIZE; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; HABITAT
AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the northern Beaufort Sea (NB) population occur on the perimeter of the polar basin adjacent to the northwestern islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Sea ice converges on the islands through most of the year. We used open-population capture-recapture models to estimate population size and vital rates of polar bears between 1971 and 2006 to: (1) assess relationships between survival, sex and age, and time period; (2) evaluate the long-term importance of sea ice quality and availability in relation to climate warming; and (3) note future management and conservation concerns. The highest-ranking models suggested that survival of polar bears varied by age class and with changes in the sea ice habitat. Model-averaged estimates of survival (which include harvest mortality) for senescent adults ranged from 0.37 to 0.62, from 0.22 to 0.68 for cubs of the year (COY) and yearlings, and from 0.77 to 0.92 for 2-4 year-olds and adults. Horvtiz-Thompson (HT) estimates of population size were not significantly different among the decades of our study. The population size estimated for the 2000s was 980 +/- 155 (mean and 95% CI). These estimates apply primarily to that segment of the NB population residing west and south of Banks Island. The NB polar bear population appears to have been stable or possibly increasing slightly during the period of our study. This suggests that ice conditions have remained suitable and similar for feeding in summer and fall during most years and that the traditional and legal Inuvialuit harvest has not exceeded sustainable levels. However, the amount of ice remaining in the study area at the end of summer, and the proportion that continues to lie over the biologically productive continental shelf (<300 m water depth) has declined over the 35-year period of this study. If the climate continues to warm as predicted, we predict that the polar bear population in the northern Beaufort Sea will eventually decline. Management and conservation practices for polar bears in relation to both aboriginal harvesting and offshore industrial activity will need to adapt.
C1 [Stirling, Ian; Richardson, E. S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada.
[Stirling, Ian; Richardson, E. S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada.
[McDonald, Trent L.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82070 USA.
[Regehr, Eric V.; Amstrup, Steven C.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Stirling, I (reprint author), Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife Res Div, 5320-122nd St, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada.
EM ian.stirling@ec.gc.ca
RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014
OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988
FU Canadian Wildlife Service; Polar Continental Shelf Project; USGS Alaska
Science Center; Inuvialuit Game Council; Northwest Territories
Department of Environment and Natural Resources; National Fish and
Wildlife Federation (Washington, D.C., USA); Polar Bears International;
University of Alberta; Parks Canada; Northern Science Training Fund;
U.S. Geological Survey
FX We are particularly grateful to the Canadian Wildlife Service, the Polar
Continental Shelf Project, the USGS Alaska Science Center, the
Inuvialuit Game Council, the Northwest Territories Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, the National Fish and Wildlife
Federation (Washington, D.C., USA), Polar Bears International, the
University of Alberta, Parks Canada, and the Northern Science Training
Fund for their support of this project. David Haogak provided logistical
assistance for all work based out of Sachs Harbor. We also thank Dennis
Andriashek, Andrew Derocher, Seth Cherry, Earl Esau, Tony Green, Wayne
Gordy, Benedikt Gudmundsson, the late Charlie Haogak, Max Kotokak, John
Lucas, David, Joe and Eli Nasogaluak, Fred Raddi, Greg Thiemann, John
Thorsteinsson, and Mike Woodcock for their assistance in the field. We
thank Dennis Andriashek, Wendy Calvert, Cheryl Spencer, and Elaine
Street for assistance in the laboratory. Funding for this analysis was
provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. Reviews by Jim Estes and an
anonymous reviewer provided helpful constructive criticism of the
manuscript.
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 3
BP 859
EP 876
PG 18
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764VA
UT WOS:000290661300018
PM 21639050
ER
PT J
AU Duffy, WG
Kahara, SN
AF Duffy, Walter G.
Kahara, Sharon N.
TI Wetland ecosystem services in California's Central Valley and
implications for the Wetland Reserve Program
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE birds; Central Valley, California; conservation programs; invertebrates;
water quality; wetlands
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; AQUATIC BIRDS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION;
WATER-QUALITY; VERNAL POOLS; GRASSLANDS; MANAGEMENT; SELENIUM; RIVER;
USA
AB Primary ecosystem services provided by freshwater wetlands in the California Central Valley, USA, include water quality improvement, biodiversity support, and flood storage capacity. We describe these services for freshwater marshes, vernal pools, and riparian wetlands and the implications for wetlands restored under USDA programs in the Central Valley. California's Central Valley is a large sedimentary basin that was once covered by grasslands, extensive riparian forests, and freshwater marshes that today have been converted to one of the most intensive agricultural areas on earth. Remaining freshwater wetlands have been heavily altered, and most are intensively managed. Nitrogen loading from agriculture to surface and groundwater in the Central Valley was estimated to be 34.7 x 10(6) kg N/yr. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in the Central Valley was estimated to be 44.3 x 10(6) kg N/yr, of which similar to 1.5 x 10(6) kg N/yr was introduced directly to wetlands. Our analysis indicates that wetlands enrolled in the USDA Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) may potentially denitrify the NO3-N load from relatively unpolluted source water in < 18 days, but the potential to denitrify the NO3-N load from highly polluted source water is uncertain.
Water management strongly influences use, diversity, and abundance of avian fauna as well as other biota. Freshwater marshes in the region continue to support important populations of breeding and wintering waterfowl and shorebirds whose populations fluctuate seasonally. Avian diversity in the little remaining area of Central Valley's riparian wetlands is also high and influenced by stand maturity, heterogeneity, and diversity. USDA conservation practices that promote these characteristics may support avian diversity. Effects of USDA conservation practices on non-avian fauna are poorly understood and warrant further study.
C1 [Duffy, Walter G.; Kahara, Sharon N.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Duffy, WG (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM Walter.Duffy@humboldt.edu
FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service through the USDA Forest
Service [06-DG-11132650]
FX We thank Diane Eckles, Stephen Faulkner, Robert Gleason, Norman Melvin,
and three anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the
manuscript. This project was funded in part by grant number
06-DG-11132650 from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service to
the Ecological Society of America, through the USDA Forest Service. We
received additional support the USDA Natural Resources Conservation
Service, Humboldt State University, and the U. S. Geological Survey,
California Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. The use of trade
or firm names in this paper is for reader information only and does not
imply endorsement by the USDA of any product or service.
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 3
SU S
BP S18
EP S30
DI 10.1890/09-1338.1
PG 13
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764UU
UT WOS:000290660700003
ER
PT J
AU Euliss, NH
Smith, LM
Liu, SG
Duffy, WG
Faulkner, SP
Gleason, RA
Eckles, SD
AF Euliss, Ned H., Jr.
Smith, Loren M.
Liu, Shuguang
Duffy, Walter G.
Faulkner, Stephen P.
Gleason, Robert A.
Eckles, S. Diane
TI Integrating estimates of ecosystem services from conservation programs
and practices into models for decision makers
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP);
ecological forecasting; ecosystem services; land use; modeling; wetlands
AB Most government agencies involved in land management are seeking consistent approaches to evaluate the effects of specific management actions on ecological processes and concurrent changes on ecosystem services. This is especially true within the context of anthropogenic influences, such as land use and climate change. The Conservation Effects Assessment Project-Wetlands National Component (CEAP-Wetlands) was developed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to evaluate effects of conservation practices on ecosystem services including carbon sequestration for climate stability, groundwater recharge, runoff and flood attenuation, water storage, nutrient and contaminant retention, and wildlife habitat. A primary purpose of CEAP-Wetlands is to provide science-based information in an adaptive monitoring framework for use by the USDA to facilitate policy and management decisions, and to document effects of conservation programs and practices to the federal Office of Management and Budget. Herein, we propose a modeling framework to allow estimation of conservation practice and program effects on various ecosystem services at different temporal and spatial scales. This modeling approach provides the broad view needed by decision-makers to avoid unintended negative environmental outcomes, and to communicate to society the positive effects of conservation actions on a broad suite of ecosystem services.
C1 [Euliss, Ned H., Jr.; Gleason, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Smith, Loren M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
[Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Duffy, Walter G.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Faulkner, Stephen P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Eckles, S. Diane] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Resource Inventory & Assessment Div, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Euliss, NH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM ceuliss@usgs.gov
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 3
SU S
BP S128
EP S134
PG 7
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764UU
UT WOS:000290660700010
ER
PT J
AU Gleason, RA
Euliss, NH
Tangen, BA
Laubhan, MK
Browne, BA
AF Gleason, R. A.
Euliss, N. H., Jr.
Tangen, B. A.
Laubhan, M. K.
Browne, B. A.
TI USDA conservation program and practice effects on wetland ecosystem
services in the Prairie Pothole Region
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon; conservation; ecosystem services; grasslands; prairie potholes;
restoration; sedimentation; soil erosion; wetlands; wildlife
ID NORTH-DAKOTA; SEED BANKS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GRASSLAND BIRDS;
SEDIMENT LOAD; SOUTH-DAKOTA; WILDLIFE HABITAT; RESERVE PROGRAM; SOIL
EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES
AB Implementation of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) has resulted in the restoration of >2 million ha of wetland and grassland habitats in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). Restoration of habitats through these programs provides diverse ecosystem services to society, but few investigators have evaluated the environmental benefits achieved by these programs. We describe changes in wetland processes, functions, and ecosystem services that occur when wetlands and adjacent uplands on agricultural lands are restored through Farm Bill conservation programs. At the scale of wetland catchments, projects have had positive impacts on water storage, reduction in sedimentation and nutrient loading, plant biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and wildlife habitat. However, lack of information on the geographic location of restored catchments relative to landscape-level factors (e. g., watershed, proximity to rivers and lakes) limits interpretation of ecosystem services that operate at multiple scales such as floodwater retention, water quality improvement, and wildlife habitat suitability. Considerable opportunity exists for the USDA to incorporate important landscape factors to better target conservation practices and programs to optimize diverse ecosystem services. Restoration of hydrologic processes within wetlands (e. g., hydroperiod, water level dynamics) also requires a better understanding of the influence of conservation cover composition and structure, and management practices that occur in uplands surrounding wetlands. Although conservation programs have enhanced delivery of ecosystem services in the PPR, the use of programs to provide long-term critical ecosystem services is uncertain because when contracts (especially CRP) expire, economic incentives may favor conversion of land to crop production, rather than reenrollment. As demands for agricultural products (food, fiber, biofuel) increase, Farm Bill conservation programs will become increasingly important to ensure provisioning of ecosystem services to society, especially in agriculturally dominated landscapes. Thus, continued development and support for conservation programs legislated through the Farm Bill will require a more comprehensive understanding of wetland ecological services to better evaluate program achievements relative to conservation goals.
C1 [Gleason, R. A.; Euliss, N. H., Jr.; Tangen, B. A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Laubhan, M. K.] Kansas Dept Wildlife & Parks, Pratt, KS 67124 USA.
[Browne, B. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
RP Gleason, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM rgleason@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX Financial assistance for development of this product was provided by the
U.S. Geological Survey. We thank Diane Eckles, Loren Smith, and
anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript.
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U2 113
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 3
SU S
BP S65
EP S81
PG 17
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764UU
UT WOS:000290660700006
ER
PT J
AU Smith, LM
Haukos, DA
McMurry, ST
LaGrange, T
Willis, D
AF Smith, Loren M.
Haukos, David A.
McMurry, Scott T.
LaGrange, Ted
Willis, David
TI Ecosystem services provided by playas in the High Plains: potential
influences of USDA conservation programs
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE conservation programs; High Plains, USA; hydroperiod; playas; sediment;
wetlands
ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LAND-USE; GREAT-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO;
POLYGONUM-PENSYLVANICUM; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; WETLAND MANAGEMENT;
NORTHERN PINTAILS; LAKES REGION; BODY-SIZE
AB Playas are shallow depressional wetlands and the dominant wetland type in the non-glaciated High Plains of the United States. This region is one of the most intensively cultivated regions in the Western Hemisphere, and playas are profoundly impacted by a variety of agricultural activities. Conservation practices promoted through Farm Bills by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that influence playas and surrounding catchments impact ecosystem functions and related services provided by wetlands in this region. As part of a national assessment, we review effects of agricultural cultivation and effectiveness of USDA conservation programs and practices on ecosystem functions and associated services of playas. Services provided by playas are influenced by hydrological function, and unlike other wetland types in the United States, hydrological function of playas is impacted more by accumulated sediments than drainage. Most playas with cultivated catchments have lost greater than 100% of their volume from sedimentation causing reduced hydroperiods. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has the largest influence on playa catchments (the High Plains has >2.8 million ha), and associated sedimentation, of any USDA program. Unfortunately, most practices applied under CRP did not consider restoration of playa ecosystem function as a primary benefit, but rather established dense exotic grass in the watersheds to reduce soil erosion. Although this has reduced soil erosion, few studies have investigated its effects on playa hydrological function and services. Our review demonstrates that the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) has seldom been applied in the High Plains outside of south-central Nebraska. However, this is the primary program that exists within the USDA allowing conservation practices that restore wetland hydrology such as sediment removal. In addition to sediment removal, this practice has the greatest potential effect on improving hydrologic function by reducing sedimentation in vegetative buffer strips. We estimate that a 50-m nativegrass buffer strip could improve individual playa hydroperiods by up to 90 days annually, enhancing delivery of most natural playa services. The potential for restoration of playa services using USDA programs is extensive, but only if WRP and associated practices are promoted and playas are considered an integral part of CRP contracts.
C1 [Smith, Loren M.; McMurry, Scott T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
[Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[LaGrange, Ted] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA.
[Willis, David] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Smith, LM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
EM loren.smith@okstate.edu
FU Natural Resources Conservation Service through CEAP-Wetlands; U.S. EPA
[R-82964101-0]; National Science Foundation (DMS) [0201105]
FX We thank the Natural Resources Conservation Service through
CEAP-Wetlands for financial assistance. Oklahoma State University, the
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Nebraska Game and Parks
Commission also provided assistance. Andy Bishop provided GIS data and
interpretation. Tim McCoy, Jill Baron, Diane Eckles, Randy Stutheit, and
two anonymous referees provided helpful comments on the manuscript.
Mindy Rice provided mapping and GIS expertise. Partial funding was
provided by the U.S. EPA, project R-82964101-0 and the National Science
Foundation (DMS number 0201105).
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 3
SU S
BP S82
EP S92
DI 10.1890/09-1133.1
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764UU
UT WOS:000290660700007
ER
PT J
AU Guarini, JM
Chauvaud, L
Cloern, JE
Clavier, J
Coston-Guarini, J
Patry, Y
AF Guarini, Jean-Marc
Chauvaud, Laurent
Cloern, James E.
Clavier, Jacques
Coston-Guarini, Jennifer
Patry, Yann
TI Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an
intermittent non steady state compensatory process
SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Pecten maximus; Ectotherms; Daily growth rate; Growth dynamic;
Compensatory growth
ID ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; SCALLOP PECTEN-MAXIMUS; INTRINSIC GROWTH;
MENIDIA-MENIDIA; TRADE-OFFS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; BREST FRANCE;
EVOLUTION; TEMPERATURE; PREDATION
AB Generally, growth rates of living organisms are considered to be at steady state, varying only under environmental forcing factors. For example, these rates may be described as a function of light for plants or organic food resources for animals and these could be regulated (or not) by temperature or other conditions. But, what are the consequences for an individual's growth (and also for the population growth) if growth rate variations are themselves dynamic and not steady state? For organisms presenting phases of dormancy or long periods of stress, this is a crucial question. A dynamic perspective for quantifying short-term growth was explored using the daily growth record of the scallop Pecten maximus (L). This species is a good biological model for ectotherm growth because the shell records growth striae daily. Independently, a generic mathematical function representing the dynamics of mean daily growth rate (MDGR) was implemented to simulate a diverse set of growth patterns. Once the function was calibrated with the striae patterns, the growth rate dynamics appeared as a forced damped oscillation during the growth period having a basic periodicity during two transitory phases (mean duration 43 days) and appearing at both growth start and growth end. This phase is most likely due to the internal dynamics of energy transfer within the organism rather than to external forcing factors. After growth restart, the transitory regime represents successive phases of over-growth and regulation. This pattern corresponds to a typical representation of compensatory growth, which from an evolutionary perspective can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy to coping with a fluctuating environment. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chauvaud, Laurent; Clavier, Jacques; Patry, Yann] Technopole Brest Iroise, IUEM, UBO, CNRS,UMR 6539, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
[Guarini, Jean-Marc; Coston-Guarini, Jennifer] UPMC, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Chauvaud, L (reprint author), Technopole Brest Iroise, IUEM, UBO, CNRS,UMR 6539, Pl Copern, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
EM laurent.chauvaud@univ-brest.fr
OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862
FU ANR-Blanc (Agence Nationale de la Recherche); U.S. Geological Survey's
Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and Place-Base Program
FX This study was supported by the French program ANR-Blanc (Agence
Nationale de la Recherche - CHIVAS project) and the U.S. Geological
Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and Place-Base Program.
Laurent Chauvaud extends his deepest appreciation to the staff at the
USGS - Menlo Park facility.
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U1 2
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-1101
J9 J SEA RES
JI J. Sea Res.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 65
IS 3
BP 355
EP 361
DI 10.1016/j.seares.2011.02.001
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 766ZX
UT WOS:000290826200004
ER
PT J
AU Niroomand, S
Goldfarb, R
Moore, F
Mohajjel, M
Marsh, E
AF Niroomand, Shojaeddin
Goldfarb, Richard J.
Moore, Farid
Mohajjel, Mohammad
Marsh, Erin E.
TI The Kharapeh orogenic gold deposit: geological, structural, and
geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation in West Azerbaijan
Province, Northwestern Iran
SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA
LA English
DT Article
DE Kharapeh; Epizonal orogenic gold; Zagros orogeny; Sanandaj-Sirjan; Iran
ID SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE; SYNTHETIC FLUID INCLUSIONS; BIMODAL PIRANSHAHR
MASSIF; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; ZAGROS OROGEN; EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION;
SUBDUCTION; QUARTZ; BELT
AB The Kharapeh gold deposit is located along the northwestern margin of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ) in the West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It is an epizonal orogenic gold deposit formed within the deformed zone between central Iran and the Arabian plate during the Cretaceous-Tertiary Zagros orogeny. The deposit area is underlain by Cretaceous schist and marble, as well as altered andesite and dacite dikes. Structural analysis indicates that the rocks underwent tight to isoclinal recumbent folding and were subsequently co-axially refolded to upright open folds during a second deformation. Late- to post-tectonic Cenozoic granites and granodiorites occur northeast of the deposit area. Mineralization mainly is recognized within NW-trending extensional structures as veins and breccia zones. Normal faults, intermediate dikes, and quartz veins, oriented subparallel to the axial surface of the Kharapeh antiform, indicate synchronous extension perpendicular to the fold axis during the second folding event. The gold-bearing quartz veins are > 1 km in length and average about 6 m in width; breccia zones are 10-50 m in length and <= 1 m in width. Hydrothermal alteration mainly consists of silicification, sulfidation, chloritization, sericitization, and carbonatization. Paragenetic relationships indicate three distinct stages-replacement and silicification, brecciation and fracture filling, and cataclastic brecciation-with the latter two being gold-rich. Fluid inclusion data suggest mineral deposition at temperatures of at least 220-255 degrees C and depths of at least 1.4-1.8 km, from a H(2)O-CO(2)+/- CH(4) fluid of relatively high salinity (12-14 wt.% NaCl equiv.), which may reflect metamorphism of passive margin carbonate sequences. Ore fluid delta(18)O values between about 7aEuro degrees and 9aEuro degrees suggest no significant meteoric water input, despite gold deposition in a relatively shallow epizonal environment. Similarities to other deposits in the SSZ suggest that the deposit formed as part of a diachronous gold event during the middle to late Tertiary throughout the SSZ and during the final stages of the Zagros orogeny. The proximity of Kharapeh to the main tectonic suture of the orogen, well-developed regional fold systems with superimposed complex fracture geometries, and recognition of nearby volcanogenic massive sulfide systems that suggest a region characterized by sulfur- and metal-rich crustal rocks, collectively indicate an area of the SSZ with high favorability for undiscovered gold resources.
C1 [Goldfarb, Richard J.; Marsh, Erin E.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Niroomand, Shojaeddin; Moore, Farid] Shiraz Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Shiraz, Iran.
[Mohajjel, Mohammad] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Tehran, Iran.
RP Marsh, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM emarsh@usgs.gov
FU Geological Survey of Iran
FX This study was financially supported by research funds from the
Geological Survey of Iran. We gratefully thank Ryan Taylor of the USGS
for assistance and some laboratory analyses. Thanks are also extended to
the Shiraz University research committee for various support. Dr M.
Berberian is thanked for critically reading the manuscript, as well as
referees Steffen Hagemann and Olivo Gema for improving an earlier
version, and editor Bernd Lehmann for additional constructive comments.
Final reviews by Garth Graham and Ryan Taylor are also appreciated.
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U1 1
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0026-4598
J9 MINER DEPOSITA
JI Miner. Depos.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 46
IS 4
BP 409
EP 428
DI 10.1007/s00126-011-0335-x
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 763HF
UT WOS:000290545500005
ER
PT J
AU Williams, KA
Frederick, PC
Nichols, JD
AF Williams, Kathryn A.
Frederick, Peter C.
Nichols, James D.
TI Use of the superpopulation approach to estimate breeding population
size: an example in asynchronously breeding birds
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ardea; asynchrony; bias; Eudocimus; Everglades; Jolly-Seber;
mark-recapture; nest turnover; peak count; population size;
superpopulation; waders
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; MARK-RECAPTURE; COLONIES; NESTS; BIAS;
SUCCESS; NUMBERS; COUNTS; MODEL
AB Many populations of animals are fluid in both space and time, making estimation of numbers difficult. Much attention has been devoted to estimation of bias in detection of animals that are present at the time of survey. However, an equally important problem is estimation of population size when all animals are not present on all survey occasions. Here, we showcase use of the superpopulation approach to capture-recapture modeling for estimating populations where group membership is asynchronous, and where considerable overlap in group membership among sampling occasions may occur. We estimate total population size of long-legged wading bird (Great Egret and White Ibis) breeding colonies from aerial observations of individually identifiable nests at various times in the nesting season. Initiation and termination of nests were analogous to entry and departure from a population. Estimates using the superpopulation approach were 47-382% larger than peak aerial counts of the same colonies. Our results indicate that the use of the superpopulation approach to model nesting asynchrony provides a considerably less biased and more efficient estimate of nesting activity than traditional methods. We suggest that this approach may also be used to derive population estimates in a variety of situations where group membership is fluid.
C1 [Williams, Kathryn A.; Frederick, Peter C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Williams, KA (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA.
EM kate.williams@BRILoon.org
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
FX The authors thank C. Hand, S. Edmonds, C. Enloe, K. Lung, S. Robinson,
B. Shoger, K. Sieving, R. Smith, A. Spees, E. Trum, and most
particularly J. Simon. We thank two anonymous referees for constructive
comments on the manuscript. The field research was funded by a grant
from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
NR 41
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 16
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
EI 1939-9170
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 821
EP 828
DI 10.1890/10-0137.1
PG 8
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 763DF
UT WOS:000290533700004
PM 21661545
ER
PT J
AU Novak, M
Wootton, JT
Doak, DF
Emmerson, M
Estes, JA
Tinker, MT
AF Novak, Mark
Wootton, J. Timothy
Doak, Daniel F.
Emmerson, Mark
Estes, James A.
Tinker, M. Timothy
TI Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect
knowledge and network complexity
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE community matrix; disturbance; ecosystem-based management; interaction
strengths; loop analysis; observation error; prediction uncertainty;
press experiments
ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; INTERACTION STRENGTH; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES;
MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; INDETERMINACY; ROBUSTNESS;
ABUNDANCE; SYSTEM
AB How best to predict the effects of perturbations to ecological communities has been a long-standing goal for both applied and basic ecology. This quest has recently been revived by new empirical data, new analysis methods, and increased computing speed, with the promise that ecologically important insights may be obtainable from a limited knowledge of community interactions. We use empirically based and simulated networks of varying size and connectance to assess two limitations to predicting perturbation responses in multispecies communities: (1) the inaccuracy by which species interaction strengths are empirically quantified and (2) the indeterminacy of species responses due to indirect effects associated with network size and structure. We find that even modest levels of species richness and connectance (similar to 25 pairwise interactions) impose high requirements for interaction strength estimates because system indeterminacy rapidly overwhelms predictive insights. Nevertheless, even poorly estimated interaction strengths provide greater average predictive certainty than an approach that uses only the sign of each interaction. Our simulations provide guidance in dealing with the trade-offs involved in maximizing the utility of network approaches for predicting dynamics in multispecies communities.
C1 [Novak, Mark; Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Wootton, J. Timothy] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Doak, Daniel F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Emmerson, Mark] Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland.
[Tinker, M. Timothy] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Novak, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM mnovak1@ucsc.edu
RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; Novak, Mark/E-2194-2012; Wootton,
John/F-3191-2015
OI Wootton, John/0000-0002-7715-0344
FU EPA; USGS Western Ecological Research Center; freshwater ecology
research group at UCSC
FX This article was written as part of the "Conservation Planning for
Ecosystem Functioning: Testing Predictions of Ecological Effectiveness
for Marine Predators'' working group at the National Center for
Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. We thank the other participants of
this working group and Stefano Allesina for their contributions to early
discussions. We also thank Jim Regetz for computer assistance, Jennifer
Dunne for providing the empirical food web data, and Jonathan Moore,
Jameal Samhouri, Kevin Lafferty, and two anonymous reviewers for
comments on manuscript drafts. M. Novak acknowledges the support of an
EPA STAR fellowship, the USGS Western Ecological Research Center, and
the freshwater ecology research group at UCSC. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government or the
university affiliations of the authors.
NR 53
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 8
U2 66
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 836
EP 846
DI 10.1890/10-1354.1
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 763DF
UT WOS:000290533700006
PM 21661547
ER
PT J
AU Bled, F
Royle, JA
Cam, E
AF Bled, Florent
Royle, J. Andrew
Cam, Emmanuelle
TI Assessing hypotheses about nesting site occupancy dynamics
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Black-legged Kittiwake; breeding success; Cap Sizun, Brittany, France;
density; first colonization and recolonization probability; habitat
selection; Rissa tridactyla; site occupancy
ID BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; KITTIWAKE RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; BLACK-LEGGED
KITTIWAKE; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; PUBLIC INFORMATION; REPRODUCTIVE
SUCCESS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; DISPERSAL; POPULATION; QUALITY
AB Hypotheses about habitat selection developed in the evolutionary ecology framework assume that individuals, under some conditions, select breeding habitat based on expected fitness in different habitat. The relationship between habitat quality and fitness may be reflected by breeding success of individuals, which may in turn be used to assess habitat quality. Habitat quality may also be assessed via local density: if high-quality sites are preferentially used, high density may reflect high-quality habitat.
Here we assessed whether site occupancy dynamics vary with site surrogates for habitat quality. We modeled nest site use probability in a seabird subcolony (the Black-legged Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla) over a 20-year period. We estimated site persistence (an occupied site remains occupied from time t to t + 1) and colonization through two subprocesses: first colonization (site creation at the timescale of the study) and recolonization (a site is colonized again after being deserted). Our model explicitly incorporated site-specific and neighboring breeding success and conspecific density in the neighborhood. Our results provided evidence that reproductively "successful'' sites have a higher persistence probability than "unsuccessful'' ones. Analyses of site fidelity in marked birds and of survival probability showed that high site persistence predominantly reflects site fidelity, not immediate colonization by new owners after emigration or death of previous owners. There is a negative quadratic relationship between local density and persistence probability. First colonization probability decreases with density, whereas recolonization probability is constant. This highlights the importance of distinguishing initial colonization and recolonization to understand site occupancy. All dynamics varied positively with neighboring breeding success. We found evidence of a positive interaction between site-specific and neighboring breeding success.
We addressed local population dynamics using a site occupancy approach integrating hypotheses developed in behavioral ecology to account for individual decisions. This allows development of models of population and metapopulation dynamics that explicitly incorporate ecological and evolutionary processes.
C1 [Bled, Florent; Cam, Emmanuelle] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France.
[Bled, Florent; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Bled, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM fbled@usgs.gov
OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167
NR 65
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 5
U2 35
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0012-9658
EI 1939-9170
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 4
BP 938
EP 951
DI 10.1890/10-0392.1
PG 14
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 763DF
UT WOS:000290533700015
PM 21661556
ER
PT J
AU Smith, JB
Van Vuren, DH
Kelt, DA
Johnson, ML
AF Smith, Jaya B.
Van Vuren, Dirk H.
Kelt, Douglas A.
Johnson, Michael L.
TI SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS, GLAUCOMYS SABRINUS:
TERRITORIALITY IN FEMALES?
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID HOME-RANGE; HABITAT-USE; SIERRA-NEVADA; SPOTTED OWLS; MAMMALS; OREGON;
VOLANS; TREES; SIZE
AB We determined home-range overlap among northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) to assess their spatial organization. We found extensive home-range overlap among females, and though this overlap could reflect social behavior we found no evidence of attraction among females, with only one instance of den sharing. Instead, our results suggest that females share foraging areas but may be territorial in portions of the home range, especially around den trees and during young-rearing. Home-range overlap could also result from the extrinsic effect of forest fragmentation due to timber harvest, which might impede dispersal and force squirrels to cluster on remaining fragments of suitable habitat.
C1 [Smith, Jaya B.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.; Kelt, Douglas A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Johnson, Michael L.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Aquat Ecosyst Anal Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Smith, JB (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
EM jayarsmith@gmail.com
FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station
FX We thank Kyle Felker and Ross Gerard of the USDA Forest Service for
their support and expertise with ArcGIS and mapping, Janet Foley and
Nate Nieto for assistance with anesthetic protocols, members of our
field crew for their dedication and hard work (especially Heidi Schott,
Sean Connelly, Brett Jesmer, Paul Smotherman, and Sean Bogle), and Robin
Innes for critical field support. We also thank the USDA Forest Service,
Pacific Southwest Research Station for funding this project.
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 11
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 71
IS 1
BP 44
EP 48
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764BC
UT WOS:000290602400007
ER
PT J
AU Zeigenfuss, LC
Schoenecker, KA
Van Amburg, LK
AF Zeigenfuss, Linda C.
Schoenecker, Kathryn A.
Van Amburg, Lisa K.
TI UNGULATE HERBIVORY ON ALPINE WILLOW IN THE SANGRE DE CRISTO MOUNTAINS OF
COLORADO
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID ELK WINTER RANGE; MIGRATORY UNGULATE; TUNDRA PLANTS; RESPONSES; WATER;
DEFOLIATION; GROWTH; ROADS
AB In many areas of the Rocky Mountains, elk (Cervus elaphus) migrate from low-elevation mountain valleys during spring to high-elevation subalpine and alpine areas for the summer. Research has focused on the impacts of elk herbivory on winter-range plant communities, particularly on woody species such as willow and aspen; however, little information is available on the effects of elk herbivory on alpine willows. In the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of south central Colorado, select alpine arms appear to receive high levels of summer elk herbivory, while other areas are nearly unbrowsed. In 2005 and 2008, we measured willow height, covet; and utilization on sites that appeared to be used heavily by elk, as well as on sites that appeared to be used lightly, to determine differences between these communities over time. We found less willow cover and shorter willows at sites that received higher levels of browsing compared to those that had lower levels of browsing. Human recreational use was greater at lightly browsed sites than at highly browsed sites. From 2005 to 2008, willow utilization declined, and willow cover and height increased at sites with heavy browsing, likely owing to ownership change of adjacent valley land which led to (1) removal of grazing competition from cattle at valley locations and (2) increased human use in alpine areas, which displaced elk. We discuss the implications of increased human use and climate change on elk use of these alpine habitats.
C1 [Zeigenfuss, Linda C.; Schoenecker, Kathryn A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Zeigenfuss, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 23
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 71
IS 1
BP 86
EP 96
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764BC
UT WOS:000290602400012
ER
PT J
AU Manning, T
Hagar, JC
AF Manning, Tom
Hagar, Joan C.
TI USE OF NONALPINE ANTHROPOGENIC HABITATS BY AMERICAN PIKAS (OCHOTONA
PRINCEPS) IN WESTERN OREGON
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT-BASIN; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; INDICATOR; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR;
MAMMALS; CLIMATE; NEVADA
AB The American pika (Ochotona princeps Richardson) has long been characterized in field guides and popular literature as an obligate inhabitant of alpine talus and as having relatively low dispersal capability However, recent work reveals pikes to have broader habitat associations than previously reported. Over a large portion of the western slope of the Cascade Range in Oregon, pikas inhabit relatively low-elevation sites far from alpine areas and frequently occur in rocky man-made habitats such as roalcuts or rock quarries. We present observations of pikes in these previously overlooked habitats and discuss implications for (1) the proposed listing of the American pika as an endangered or threatened species; (2) furthering our understanding of pika population dynamics, habitat associations, and dispersal capabilites; and (3) management of federal, state, and private forest lands.
C1 [Manning, Tom] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Hagar, Joan C.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Manning, T (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM tom.manning@oregonstate.edu
NR 28
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 20
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 71
IS 1
BP 106
EP 112
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764BC
UT WOS:000290602400014
ER
PT J
AU Kelley, SW
AF Kelley, Samuel W.
TI HYPERKYPHOSIS IN LONGNOSE GAR (LEPISOSTEUS OSSEUS) OF NORTH CENTRAL
TEXAS
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID SPOTTED GAR; FISH; GROWTH; BIOMARKERS; OCULATUS; TOXICITY; SEDIMENT;
EXPOSURE; LIVER; AGE
AB Two mature female longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) exhibiting severe hyperkyphotic spinal deformities were captured during the 2010 spring spawn at Lake Arrowhead, Clay County, Texas. Yet, despite their deformities and impaired motility, both longnose gar were in overall good condition. Hyperkyphosis in both longnose gar resulted from fused trunk vertebrae in the affected areas. Results of morphological examinations and computerized tomography (CT) scans showed no evidence of injury-induced responses and suggested a congenital Or possibly environmentally induced aetiology for disruption of the normal vertebral segmentation process.
C1 US Geol Survey, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA.
RP Kelley, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3010 Buchanan St, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA.
EM skelley@usgs.gov
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
EI 1944-8341
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 71
IS 1
BP 121
EP 126
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 764BC
UT WOS:000290602400018
ER
PT J
AU Brosten, TR
Day-Lewis, FD
Schultz, GM
Curtis, GP
Lane, JW
AF Brosten, Troy R.
Day-Lewis, Frederick D.
Schultz, Gregory M.
Curtis, Gary P.
Lane, John W., Jr.
TI Inversion of multi-frequency electromagnetic induction data for 3D
characterization of hydraulic conductivity
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Electromagnetic induction; Inverse modeling; Petrophysical
relationships; Hydraulic conductivity; Electrical conductivity
ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; SPATIAL
PREDICTION; DEPTH PROFILES; SALINITY; RESISTIVITY; SEDIMENTS; RECHARGE;
SURFACE; MODELS
AB Electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments provide rapid, noninvasive, and spatially dense data for characterization of soil and groundwater properties. Data from multi-frequency EMI tools can be inverted to provide quantitative electrical conductivity estimates as a function of depth. In this study, multi-frequency EMI data collected across an abandoned uranium mill site near Naturita, Colorado, USA, are inverted to produce vertical distribution of electrical conductivity (EC) across the site. The relation between measured apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and hydraulic conductivity (K) is weak (correlation coefficient of 0.20), whereas the correlation between the depth dependent EC obtained from the inversions, and K is sufficiently strong to be used for hydrologic estimation (correlation coefficient of -0.62). Depth-specific EC values were correlated with co-located K measurements to develop a site-specific In(EC)-In(K) relation. This petrophysical relation was applied to produce a spatially detailed map of K across the study area. A synthetic example based on ECa values at the site was used to assess model resolution and correlation loss given variations in depth and/or measurement error. Results from synthetic modeling indicate that optimum correlation with K occurs at similar to 0.5 m followed by a gradual correlation loss of 90% at 2.3 m. These results are consistent with an analysis of depth of investigation (DOI) given the range of frequencies, transmitter-receiver separation, and measurement errors for the field data. DOIs were estimated at 2.0 +/- 0.5 m depending on the soil conductivities. A 4-layer model, with varying thicknesses, was used to invert the ECa to maximize available information within the aquifer region for improved correlations with K. Results show improved correlation between K and the corresponding inverted EC at similar depths, underscoring the importance of inversion in using multi-frequency EMI data for hydrologic estimation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.] US Geol Survey, Unit 5015, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Schultz, Gregory M.] Sky Res Inc, Hanover, NH USA.
[Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Brosten, Troy R.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
RP Day-Lewis, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Unit 5015, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM daylewis@usgs.gov
OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X
FU U.S. Geological Survey; US Department of Energy
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances
Hydrology and Groundwater Resources Programs, and the US Department of
Energy Environmental Remediation Science Program. We thank Eric White
(USGS) and John Ong (University of Nebraska) for valuable fieldwork
assistance. The authors are grateful for helpful USGS colleague reviews
from Carole Johnson and Burke Minsley (USGS); for peer reviews from
Jeffrey Paine (U. Texas) and an anonymous reviewer; and for useful
suggestions from editor Michel Chouteau.
NR 69
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-9851
EI 1879-1859
J9 J APPL GEOPHYS
JI J. Appl. Geophys.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 4
BP 323
EP 335
DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.02.004
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing
GA 758SN
UT WOS:000290186800003
ER
PT J
AU Reyes, AV
Zazula, GD
Kuzmina, S
Ager, TA
Froese, DG
AF Reyes, Alberto V.
Zazula, Grant D.
Kuzmina, Svetlana
Ager, Thomas A.
Froese, Duane G.
TI Identification of last interglacial deposits in eastern Beringia: a
cautionary note from the Palisades, interior Alaska
SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE eastern Beringia; last interglaciation; radiocarbon dating;
palaeoecology; tephrochronology
ID OLD CROW TEPHRA; YUKON-TERRITORY; NORTH-AMERICA; BIRCH CREEK; LOESS;
VEGETATION; HISTORY; POLLEN; PERIOD; CHRONOLOGY
AB Last interglacial sediments in unglaciated Alaska and Yukon (eastern Beringia) are commonly identified by palaeoecological indicators and stratigraphic position similar to 2-5m above the regionally prominent Old Crow tephra (124 +/- 10 ka). We demonstrate that this approach can yield erroneous age assignments using data from a new exposure at the Palisades, a site in interior Alaska with numerous exposures of last interglacial sediments. Tephrochronology, stratigraphy, plant macrofossils, pollen and fossil insects from a prominent wood-rich organic silt unit are all consistent with a last interglacial age assignment. However, six (14)C dates on plant and insect macrofossils from the organic silt range from non-finite to 4.0(14)C ka BP, indicating that the organic silt instead represents a Holocene deposit with a mixed-age assemblage of organic material. In contrast, wood samples from presumed last interglacial organic-rich sediments elsewhere at the Palisades, in a similar stratigraphic position with respect to Old Crow tephra, yield non-finite (14)C ages. Given that local permafrost thaw since the last interglaciation may facilitate reworking of older sediments into new stratigraphic positions, minimum constraining ages based on (14)C dating or other methods should supplement age assignments for last interglacial sediments in eastern Beringia that are based on palaeoecology and stratigraphic association with Old Crow tephra. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Reyes, Alberto V.; Kuzmina, Svetlana; Froese, Duane G.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Zazula, Grant D.] Govt Yukon, Yukon Palaeontol Program, Whitehorse, YT, Canada.
[Ager, Thomas A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Reyes, AV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53715 USA.
EM avreyes2@wisc.edu
OI Reyes, Alberto/0000-0002-7838-4214
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta
Ingenuity; Canadian Circumpolar Institute; Northern Scientific Training
Program; Killam Trusts; NSF
FX Our research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada (D.G.F.), an Alberta Ingenuity New Faculty Award
(D.G.F.) and grants from the Canadian Circumpolar Institute and Northern
Scientific Training Program (A.V.R.). We thank B. Jensen and S. Matveev
for help with electron microprobe analysis. B. Jensen and S. Kuehn
assisted in the field. A.V.R. acknowledges scholarship support from
Alberta Ingenuity, the Killam Trusts and a NSF Graduate Research
Fellowship. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service granted
permission to work in Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge. We thank I.
Brigham-Grette, G. Ellis, R. Schumann, R. Thompson and two anonymous
referees for their comments on the manuscript.
NR 55
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0267-8179
J9 J QUATERNARY SCI
JI J. Quat. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 3
BP 345
EP 352
DI 10.1002/jqs.1464
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Geology; Paleontology
GA 757GR
UT WOS:000290074000012
ER
PT J
AU Shaanan, U
Porat, N
Navon, O
Weinberger, R
Calvert, A
Weinstein, Y
AF Shaanan, Uri
Porat, Naomi
Navon, Oded
Weinberger, Ram
Calvert, Andrew
Weinstein, Yishai
TI OSL dating of a Pleistocene maar: Birket Ram, the Golan heights
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Maar Conference (3IMC)
CY APR 14-17, 2009
CL Malargue, ARGENTINA
DE maar; geochronology; OSL dating; (40)Ar/(39)Ar; Golan
ID LACUSTRINE SEQUENCE; ISRAEL; QUARTZ; AR-40/AR-39; SINGLE; AGE;
GEOCHRONOLOGY; HISTORY; FRANCE; TEPHRA
AB Direct dating of maars and their phreatomagmatic deposits is difficult due to the dominance of lithic (host rock) fragments and glassy particles of the juvenile magma. In this paper we demonstrate that optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating can be successfully used for age determination of phreatomagmatic deposits. We studied the tuff deposit of Birket Ram, a basanitic maar located at the northern edge of the Golan heights on the western Arabian plate. The maar is underlain by a thick section of Pleistocene basalts, and currently hosts a small lake. It is filled by approximately 90 m of lacustrine sediments with radiocarbon ages extrapolated to 108 ka at the base. OSL was applied to quartz grains extracted from tuffs and paleosols in order to set the time frame of the phreatomagmatism at the site. A maximum age constraint of 179 +/- 13 ka was determined for a paleosol that underlies the maar ejecta. Quartz grains from two layers in the tuff section yielded a direct age of 129 +/- 6 ka for the phreatomagmatic eruption. A younger age of 104 +/- 7 ka, which was determined for a tuff layer underlying a basaltic flow, was attributed to thermal resetting during the lava emplacement. This was confirmed by an (40)Ar/(39)Ar age of 101 +/- 3 ka determined on the overlying basalt. The internal consistency of the OSL ages and the agreement with the (40)Ar/(39)Ar age determination as well as with previous estimates demonstrates the potential of OSL for maar dating. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shaanan, Uri; Navon, Oded] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
[Porat, Naomi; Weinberger, Ram] Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel.
[Calvert, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Weinstein, Yishai] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel.
RP Shaanan, U (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
EM uri.shaanan@mail.huji.ac.il
RI Navon, Oded/N-9649-2013; Shaanan, Uri/B-7269-2016
OI Navon, Oded/0000-0003-4617-1553; Shaanan, Uri/0000-0003-1674-6184
NR 40
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 201
IS 1-4
SI SI
BP 397
EP 403
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.06.007
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 755UL
UT WOS:000289963900029
ER
PT J
AU Moss, RES
Kayen, RE
Tong, LY
Liu, SY
Cai, GJ
Wu, J
AF Moss, R. E. S.
Kayen, R. E.
Tong, L. -Y.
Liu, S. -Y.
Cai, G. -J.
Wu, J.
TI Retesting of Liquefaction and Nonliquefaction Case Histories from the
1976 Tangshan Earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Liquefaction; CPT; Cyclic failure; Case histories
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; SOILS
AB A field investigation was performed to retest liquefaction and nonliquefaction sites from the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China. These sites were carefully investigated in 1978 and 1979 by using standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) equipment; however, the CPT measurements are obsolete because of the now nonstandard cone that was used at the time. In 2007, a modern cone was mobilized to retest 18 selected sites that are particularly important because of the intense ground shaking they sustained despite their high fines content and/or because the site did not liquefy. Of the sites reinvestigated and carefully reprocessed, 13 were considered accurate representative case histories. Two of the sites that were originally investigated for liquefaction have been reinvestigated for cyclic failure of fine-grained soil and removed from consideration for liquefaction triggering. The most important outcome of these field investigations was the collection of more accurate data for three nonliquefaction sites that experienced intense ground shaking. Data for these three case histories is now included in an area of the liquefaction triggering database that was poorly populated and will help constrain the upper bound of future liquefaction triggering curves. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000406. (c) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Moss, R. E. S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA.
[Kayen, R. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Tong, L. -Y.; Liu, S. -Y.; Cai, G. -J.] Southeast Univ, Inst Geotech Engn, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Wu, J.] URS Corp, Oakland, CA 94612 USA.
RP Moss, RES (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA.
EM rmoss@calpoly.edu
RI Moss, Robb/N-7376-2014
FU National Science Foundation [0633886]; National Natural Science
Foundation of China (NSFC) [40702047]; Jiangsu Transportation Research
Foundation [8821006021]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under SGER
Grant No. 0633886. Funding in China was provided by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant No. 40702047 and the Jiangsu
Transportation Research Foundation Grant No. 8821006021. The writers are
thankful for the funding and the opportunity to pursue this research.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are
those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
funding agencies.
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1090-0241
J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON
JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 4
BP 334
EP 343
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000406
PG 10
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 751UP
UT WOS:000289643500004
ER
PT J
AU Kim, CS
Wilson, KM
Rytuba, JJ
AF Kim, C. S.
Wilson, K. M.
Rytuba, J. J.
TI Particle-size dependence on metal(loid) distributions in mine wastes:
Implications for water contamination and human exposure
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America (GSA)
CY OCT 18-21, 2009
CL Portland, OR
SP Geol Soc Amer
ID IRON-OXIDE COATINGS; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; TRACE-METALS; MERCURY;
SPECIATION; GOETHITE; SOIL; COMPLEXATION; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT
AB The mining and processing of metal-bearing ores has resulted in contamination issues where waste materials from abandoned mines remain in piles of untreated and unconsolidated material, posing the potential for waterborne and airborne transport of toxic elements. This study presents a systematic method of particle size separation, mass distribution, and bulk chemical analysis for mine tailings and adjacent background soil samples from the Rand historic mining district, California, in order to assess particle size distribution and related trends in metal(loid) concentration as a function of particle size. Mine tailings produced through stamp milling and leaching processes were found to have both a narrower and finer particle size distribution than background samples, with significant fractions of particles available in a size range (<= 250 mu m) that could be incidentally ingested. In both tailings and background samples, the majority of trace metal(loid)s display an inverse relationship between concentration and particle size, resulting in higher proportions of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in finer-sized fractions which are more susceptible to both water- and wind-borne transport as well as ingestion and/or inhalation. Established regulatory screening levels for such elements may, therefore, significantly underestimate potential exposure risk if relying solely on bulk sample concentrations to guide remediation decisions. Correlations in elemental concentration trends (such as between As and Fe) indicate relationships between elements that may be relevant to their chemical speciation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kim, C. S.; Wilson, K. M.] Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA.
[Rytuba, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA.
RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA.
EM cskim@chapman.edu
NR 34
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 4
SI SI
BP 484
EP 495
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.007
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 748IL
UT WOS:000289384200007
ER
PT J
AU Sharif, MSU
Davis, RK
Steele, KF
Kim, B
Hays, PD
Kresse, TM
Fazio, JA
AF Sharif, Md. Salah U.
Davis, Ralph K.
Steele, Kenneth F.
Kim, Burmshik
Hays, Phillip D.
Kresse, Tim M.
Fazio, John A.
TI Surface complexation modeling for predicting solid phase arsenic
concentrations in the sediments of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial
aquifer, Arkansas, USA
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America (GSA)
CY OCT 18-21, 2009
CL Portland, OR
SP Geol Soc Amer
ID IRON-OXIDE MINERALS; URANIUM(VI) ADSORPTION; SORPTION BEHAVIOR;
TRACE-METALS; GOETHITE; SYSTEMS; SOILS; WATER; OXYHYDROXIDES;
ENVIRONMENTS
AB The potential health impact of As in drinking water supply systems in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the state of Arkansas, USA is significant. In this context it is important to understand the occurrence, distribution and mobilization of As in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer. Application of surface complexation models (SCMs) to predict the sorption behavior of As and hydrous Fe oxides (HFO) in the laboratory has increased in the last decade. However, the application of SCMs to predict the sorption of As in natural sediments has not often been reported, and such applications are greatly constrained by the lack of site-specific model parameters. Attempts have been made to use SCMs considering a component additivity (CA) approach which accounts for relative abundances of pure phases in natural sediments, followed by the addition of SCM parameters individually for each phase. Although few reliable and internally consistent sorption databases related to HFO exist, the use of SCMs using laboratory-derived sorption databases to predict the mobility of As in natural sediments has increased. This study is an attempt to evaluate the ability of the SCMs using the geochemical code PHREEQC to predict solid phase As in the sediments of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in Arkansas. The SCM option of the double-layer model (DLM) was simulated using ferrihydrite and goethite as sorbents quantified from chemical extractions, calculated surface-site densities, published surface properties, and published laboratory-derived sorption constants for the sorbents. The model results are satisfactory for shallow wells (10.6 m below ground surface), where the redox condition is relatively oxic or mildly suboxic. However, for the deep alluvial aquifer (21-36.6 m below ground surface) where the redox condition is suboxic to anoxic, the model results are unsatisfactory. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sharif, Md. Salah U.; Davis, Ralph K.; Steele, Kenneth F.; Kim, Burmshik; Hays, Phillip D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Environm Dynam Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
[Kresse, Tim M.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA.
[Fazio, John A.] Arkansas Dept Environm Qual, Water Div, Little Rock, AR 72219 USA.
RP Sharif, MSU (reprint author), Ecometrix Inc, 6800 Campobello Rd, Mississauga, ON L5N 2L8, Canada.
EM sharif.msalah@gmail.com
OI Hays, Phillip/0000-0001-5491-9272
NR 72
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U1 2
U2 29
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 4
SI SI
BP 496
EP 504
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.008
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 748IL
UT WOS:000289384200008
ER
PT J
AU Seiler, RL
Stillings, LL
Cutler, N
Salonen, L
Outola, I
AF Seiler, Ralph L.
Stillings, Lisa L.
Cutler, Nichole
Salonen, Laina
Outola, Iisa
TI Biogeochemical factors affecting the presence of Po-210 in groundwater
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America (GSA)
CY OCT 18-21, 2009
CL Portland, OR
SP Geol Soc Amer
ID BIOGENIC MANGANESE OXIDES; PARTICLE-BOUND PO-210; CARSON DESERT; WATER;
PB-210; POLONIUM; SULFUR; RADIOACTIVITY; RADIONUCLIDES; REDUCTION
AB The discovery of natural Po-210 enrichment at levels exceeding 500 mBq/L in numerous domestic wells in northern Nevada. USA, led to a geochemical investigation of the processes responsible for its mobilization. Po-210 activities in 63 domestic and public-supply wells ranged from below 1 mBq/L to 6590 590 mBq/L, among the highest reported levels in the USA. There is little spatial or depth variability in Pb-210 activity in study-area sediments and mobilization of a few percent of the Po-210 in the sediments would account for all of the Po-210 in water. Stable-isotope measurements indicate SO4 reduction has occurred in all Po-210 contaminated wells. Sulfide species are not accumulating in the groundwater in much of Lahontan Valley, probably because of S cycling involving microbial SO4 reduction, abiotic oxidation of H2S to S-0 by Mn(IV), followed by microbial disproportionation of S-0 to H2S and SO4. The high pH, Ca depletion, MnCO3 saturation, and presence of S in Lahontan Valley groundwater may be consequences of the anaerobic S cycling. Consistent with data from naturally-enriched wells in Florida, Po-210 activities begin to decrease when aqueous sulfide species begin to accumulate. This may be due to formation and precipitation of PoS, however, Eh-pH diagrams suggest PoS would not be stable in study-area groundwater. An alternative explanation for the study area is that H2S accumulation begins when anaerobic S cycling stops because Mn oxides are depleted and their reduction is no longer releasing Po-210. Common features of Po-210-enriched groundwater were identified by comparing the radiological and geochemical data from Nevada with data from naturally-enriched wells in Finland, and Florida and Maryland in the USA. Values of pH ranged from <5 in Florida wells to >9 in Nevada wells, indicating that pH is not critical in determining whether Po-210 is present. Where U is present in the sediments, the data suggest Po-210 levels may be elevated in aquifers with (1) SO4-reducing waters with low H2S concentrations, or (2) anoxic or oxic waters with extremely high Rn activities, particularly if the water is turbid. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Seiler, Ralph L.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA.
[Stillings, Lisa L.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Mackay Sch Mines, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Cutler, Nichole] Univ Nevada, Hydrol Sci Grad Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Salonen, Laina; Outola, Iisa] STUK, Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, FIN-00881 Helsinki, Finland.
RP Seiler, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA.
EM rseiler@usgs.gov
NR 80
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Z9 10
U1 0
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 4
SI SI
BP 526
EP 539
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.01.011
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 748IL
UT WOS:000289384200011
ER
PT J
AU Runge, MC
Converse, SJ
Lyons, JE
AF Runge, Michael C.
Converse, Sarah J.
Lyons, James E.
TI Which uncertainty? Using expert elicitation and expected value of
information to design an adaptive program
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive management; Expected value of information; Expert elicitation;
Whooping crane; Grus americana
ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; RISK-MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS;
HARVEST; FACE
AB Natural resource management is plagued with uncertainty of many kinds, but not all uncertainties are equally important to resolve. The promise of adaptive management is that learning in the short-term will improve management in the long-term; that promise is best kept if the focus of learning is on those uncertainties that most impede achievement of management objectives. In this context, an existing tool of decision analysis, the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), is particularly valuable in identifying the most important uncertainties. Expert elicitation can be used to develop preliminary predictions of management response under a series of hypotheses, as well as prior weights for those hypotheses, and the EVPI can be used to determine how much management could improve if uncertainty was resolved. These methods were applied to management of whooping cranes (Grus americana), an endangered migratory bird that is being reintroduced in several places in North America. The Eastern Migratory Population of whooping cranes had exhibited almost no successful reproduction through 2009. Several dozen hypotheses can be advanced to explain this failure, and many of them lead to very different management responses. An expert panel articulated the hypotheses, provided prior weights for them, developed potential management strategies, and made predictions about the response of the population to each strategy under each hypothesis. Multi-criteria decision analysis identified a preferred strategy in the face of uncertainty, and analysis of the expected value of information identified how informative each strategy could be. These results provide the foundation for design of an adaptive management program. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Runge, Michael C.; Converse, Sarah J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Runge, Michael C.] Univ Melbourne, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Anal & Appl Enviro, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Lyons, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Runge, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM mrunge@usgs.gov; sconverse@usgs.gov; James_Lyons@fws.gov
RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011;
OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Converse, Sarah
J/0000-0002-3719-5441
FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; USGS; USFWS Region 3; Australian
Centre of Excellence for Risk Analysis; Applied Environmental Decision
Analysis hub at the University of Melbourne
FX We are grateful to Larry Wargowski, refuge manager at Necedah National
Wildlife Refuge, for articulating the need and supporting this work, and
to the staff at NNWR, especially Rich King, Jon Olson, and Richard
Urbanek, for sharing their insights. We thank the additional members of
the expert panel for their contributions, insights, and patience: Marty
Folk, John French, Chris Gullikson, Sammy King, Soch Lor, Mike Putnam,
and Joel Trick. Jane Austin, Mark Burgman, Brendan Wintle, and an
anonymous reviewer provided valuable suggestions that improved this
manuscript. This work was supported by the USGS Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center, the USGS Biological Resources Discipline Quick Response
Research Program, USFWS Region 3, the Australian Centre of Excellence
for Risk Analysis, and the Applied Environmental Decision Analysis hub
at the University of Melbourne.
NR 37
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U1 5
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
EI 1873-2917
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1214
EP 1223
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.020
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 747PY
UT WOS:000289333100006
ER
PT J
AU Probert, WJM
Hauser, CE
McDonald-Madden, E
Runge, MC
Baxter, PWJ
Possingham, HP
AF Probert, William J. M.
Hauser, Cindy E.
McDonald-Madden, Eve
Runge, Michael C.
Baxter, Peter W. J.
Possingham, Hugh P.
TI Managing and learning with multiple models: Objectives and optimization
algorithms
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive management; Conservation biology; Decision theory; Uncertainty;
Optimization; Stochastic dynamic programming
ID FACIAL TUMOR DISEASE; MARKOV DECISION-PROCESSES; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT;
TASMANIAN DEVIL; CONSERVATION; UNCERTAINTY; BIODIVERSITY; EXTINCTION;
SYSTEMS
AB The quality of environmental decisions should be gauged according to managers' objectives. Management objectives generally seek to maximize quantifiable measures of system benefit, for instance population growth rate. Reaching these goals often requires a certain degree of learning about the system. Learning can occur by using management action in combination with a monitoring system. Furthermore, actions can be chosen strategically to obtain specific kinds of information. Formal decision making tools can choose actions to favor such learning in two ways: implicitly via the optimization algorithm that is used when there is a management objective (for instance, when using adaptive management), or explicitly by quantifying knowledge and using it as the fundamental project objective, an approach new to conservation.
This paper outlines three conservation project objectives - a pure management objective, a pure learning objective, and an objective that is a weighted mixture of these two. We use eight optimization algorithms to choose actions that meet project objectives and illustrate them in a simulated conservation project. The algorithms provide a taxonomy of decision making tools in conservation management when there is uncertainty surrounding competing models of system function. The algorithms build upon each other such that their differences are highlighted and practitioners may see where their decision making tools can be improved. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Probert, William J. M.; Baxter, Peter W. J.; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4069, Australia.
[Probert, William J. M.; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Dept Math, St Lucia, Qld 4069, Australia.
[Hauser, Cindy E.; Baxter, Peter W. J.] Univ Melbourne, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Anal, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Hauser, Cindy E.] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
[McDonald-Madden, Eve] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, St Lucia, Qld 4069, Australia.
[Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Probert, WJM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Appl Environm Decis Anal, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4069, Australia.
EM wprobert@maths.uq.edu.au
RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011; Hauser, Cindy/B-4000-2008; McDonald-Madden,
Eve/A-5186-2012; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; Baxter, Peter/G-3322-2010
OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X; Hauser, Cindy/0000-0001-5876-0342;
McDonald-Madden, Eve/0000-0001-7755-2338; Possingham,
Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Baxter, Peter/0000-0003-0585-9482
NR 47
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
EI 1873-2917
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1237
EP 1245
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.031
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 747PY
UT WOS:000289333100008
ER
PT J
AU Roy, M
Martin, JB
Smith, CG
Cable, JE
AF Roy, Moutusi
Martin, Jonathan B.
Smith, Christopher G.
Cable, Jaye E.
TI Reactive-transport modeling of iron diagenesis and associated organic
carbon remineralization in a Florida (USA) subterranean estuary
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Iron flux; submarine groundwater discharge; reactive-transport model;
diagenesis; subterranean estuary
ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; PORE-WATER;
ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MATTER MINERALIZATION; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS;
MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FRESH-WATER; SEA-WATER; COASTAL
AB Iron oxides are important terminal electron acceptors for organic carbon (OC) remineralization in subterranean estuaries, particularly where oxygen and nitrate concentrations are low. In Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA, terrestrial Fe-oxides dissolve at the seaward edge of the seepage face and flow upward into overlying marine sediments where they precipitate as Fe-sulfides. The dissolved Fe concentrations vary by over three orders of magnitude, but Fe-oxide dissolution rates are similar across the 25-m wide seepage face, averaging around 0.21 mg/cm(2)/yr. The constant dissolution rate, but differing concentrations, indicate Fe dissolution is controlled by a combination of increasing lability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and slower porewater flow velocities with distance offshore. In contrast, the average rate constants of Fe-sulfide precipitation decrease from 21.9 x 10(-8) s(-1) to 0.64 x 10(-8) s(-1) from the shoreline to the seaward edge of the seepage face as more oxygenated surface water circulates through the sediment. The amount of OC remineralized by Fe-oxides varies little across the seepage face, averaging 5.34 x 10(-2) mg/cm(2)/yr. These rates suggest about 3.4 kg of marine DOC was remineralized in a 1-m wide, shore-perpendicular strip of the seepage face as the terrestrial sediments were transgressed over the past 280 years. During this time, about 10 times more marine solid organic carbon (SOC) accumulated in marine sediments than were removed from the underlying terrestrial sediments. Indian River Lagoon thus appears to be a net sink for marine OC. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Roy, Moutusi; Martin, Jonathan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Smith, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA.
[Cable, Jaye E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Roy, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM moutusi@ufl.edu; jbmartin@ufl.edu
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0403461]
FX This work has been supported by National Science Foundation grant
EAR-0403461. We acknowledge Dr. George D. Kamenov of University of
Florida for helping us with ICP-MS analysis. We also acknowledge our
editors Dr. Peggy Delaney, Dr. Peter deMenocal and two anonymous
reviewers for their critical suggestions to improve this manuscript. Any
use of the trade names is for descriptive purpose only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 70
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U1 1
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD APR 1
PY 2011
VL 304
IS 1-2
BP 191
EP 201
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.002
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 748KB
UT WOS:000289388400020
ER
PT J
AU Barber, LB
Antweiler, RC
Flynn, JL
Keefe, SH
Kolpin, DW
Roth, DA
Schnoebelen, DJ
Taylor, HE
Verplanck, PL
AF Barber, Larry B.
Antweiler, Ronald C.
Flynn, Jennifer L.
Keefe, Steffanie H.
Kolpin, Dana W.
Roth, David A.
Schnoebelen, Douglas J.
Taylor, Howard E.
Verplanck, Philip L.
TI Lagrangian Mass-Flow Investigations of Inorganic Contaminants in
Wastewater-Impacted Streams
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE WATERS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RIVER; RECONNAISSANCE; GADOLINIUM;
COLORADO; WETLANDS; METALS; CREEK
AB Understanding the potential effects of increased reliance on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to meet municipal, agricultural, and environmental flow requires an understanding of the complex chemical loading characteristics of the WWTPs and the assimilative capacity of receiving waters. Stream ecosystem effects are linked to proportions of WWTP effluent under low-flow conditions as well as the nature of the effluent chemical mixtures. This study quantifies the loading of 58 inorganic constituents (nutrients to rare earth elements) from WWTP discharges relative to upstream landscape-based sources. Stream assimilation capacity was evaluated by Lagrangian sampling, using flow velocities determined from tracer experiments to track the same parcel of water as it moved downstream. Boulder Creek, Colorado and Fourmile Creek, Iowa, representing two different geologic and hydrologic landscapes, were sampled under low-flow conditions in the summer and spring. One-half of the constituents had greater loads from the WWTP effluents than the upstream drainages, and once introduced into the streams, dilution was the predominant assimilation mechanism. Only ammonium and bismuth had significant decreases in mass load downstream from the WWTPs during all samplings. The link between hydrology and water chemistry inherent in Lagrangian sampling allows quantitative assessment of chemical fate across different landscapes.
C1 [Barber, Larry B.; Antweiler, Ronald C.; Keefe, Steffanie H.; Roth, David A.; Taylor, Howard E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Flynn, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Kolpin, Dana W.; Schnoebelen, Douglas J.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA.
[Verplanck, Philip L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM lbbarber@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program; Toxic Substances
Hydrology Program
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Research
Program and Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We would like to thank
the U.S. Geological Survey personnel from the Colorado and Iowa Water
Science Centers for their assistance with the Lagrangian samplings,
Chris Rudkin, Floyd Bebler, and Heather Swanson of the City of Boulder,
and Ken Plager from the City of Ankeny for site access and logistical
support. Use of trade names is for identification and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 35
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 7
BP 2575
EP 2583
DI 10.1021/es104138y
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 741CU
UT WOS:000288841500014
PM 21381683
ER
PT J
AU Underwood, JC
Harvey, RW
Metge, DW
Repert, DA
Baumgartner, LK
Smith, RL
Roane, TM
Barber, LB
AF Underwood, Jennifer C.
Harvey, Ronald W.
Metge, David W.
Repert, Deborah A.
Baumgartner, Laura K.
Smith, Richard L.
Roane, Timberly M.
Barber, Larry B.
TI Effects of the Antimicrobial Sulfamethoxazole on Groundwater Bacterial
Enrichment
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NITRITE ACCUMULATION; CAPE-COD; SP NOV.; WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS;
NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION; INHIBITION; NITROGEN; CONTAMINATION
AB The effects of "trace" (environmentally relevant) concentrations of the antimicrobial agent sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on the growth, nitrate reduction activity, and bacterial composition of an enrichment culture prepared with ground-water from a pristine zone of a sandy drinking-water aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, were assessed by laboratory incubations. When the enrichments were grown under heterotrophic denitrifying conditions and exposed to SMX, noticeable differences from the control (no SMX) were observed. Exposure to SMX in concentrations as low as 0.005 mu M delayed the initiation of cell growth by up to 1 day and decreased nitrate reduction potential (total amount of nitrate reduced after 19 days) by 47% (p = 0.02). Exposure to 1 mu M SMX, a concentration below those prescribed for clinical applications but higher than concentrations typically detected in aqueous environments, resulted in additional inhibitions: reduced growth rates (p = 5 x 10(-6)), lower nitrate reduction rate potentials (p = 0.01), and decreased overall representation of 16S rRNA gene sequences belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. The reduced abundance of Pseudomonas sequences in the libraries was replaced by sequences representing the genus Variovorax. Results of these growth and nitrate reduction experiments collectively suggest that subtherapeutic concentrations of SMX altered the composition of the enriched nitrate-reducing microcosms and inhibited nitrate reduction capabilities.
C1 [Underwood, Jennifer C.; Harvey, Ronald W.; Metge, David W.; Repert, Deborah A.; Smith, Richard L.; Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Baumgartner, Laura K.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Roane, Timberly M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80204 USA.
RP Harvey, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM rwharvey@usgs.gov
RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013
OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503
FU USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program under both the Cape Cod and
Emerging Contaminants Projects
FX We thank Kate Holmes for her assistance with laboratory enrichments;
Norm Pace, Kristen Peterson, and Kim Ross for their assistance with
molecular analyses; Lisa Johansen and Don Tillit for assistance with
experimental design; Edward Stets and Lisa Johansen for reviewing the
manuscript; and Laurent Philippot and David Bru for supplying napA and
narG standards. This work was accomplished with the support of the USGS
Toxics Substances Hydrology Program under both the Cape Cod and Emerging
Contaminants Projects.
NR 35
TC 59
Z9 61
U1 9
U2 60
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 7
BP 3096
EP 3101
DI 10.1021/es103605e
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 741CU
UT WOS:000288841500087
PM 21384910
ER
PT J
AU Van Metre, P
Mahler, B
AF Van Metre, Peter
Mahler, Barbara
TI Response to Comment on "PAHs Underfoot: Contaminated Dust from Coal-Tar
Sealcoated Pavement is Widespread in the U.S."
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARKING LOT SEALCOAT; UNRECOGNIZED
SOURCE
C1 [Van Metre, Peter; Mahler, Barbara] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA.
RP Van Metre, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754 USA.
OI Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 7
BP 3187
EP 3188
DI 10.1021/es200481t
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 741CU
UT WOS:000288841500106
ER
PT J
AU Lee, MW
Waite, WF
AF Lee, Myung W.
Waite, William F.
TI Anomalous waveforms observed in laboratory-formed gas hydrate-bearing
and ice-bearing sediments
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID PROPAGATION; CYLINDERS
AB Acoustic transmission measurements of compressional, P, and shear, S, wave velocities rely on correctly identifying the P- and S-body wave arrivals in the measured waveform. In cylindrical samples for which the sample is much longer than the acoustic wavelength, these body waves can be obscured by high-amplitude waveform features arriving just after the relatively small-amplitude P-body wave. In this study, a normal mode approach is used to analyze this type of waveform, observed in sediment containing gas hydrate or ice. This analysis extends an existing normal-mode waveform propagation theory by including the effects of the confining medium surrounding the sample, and provides guidelines for estimating S-wave velocities from waveforms containing multiple large-amplitude arrivals. [DOI:10.1121/1.3552877]
C1 [Lee, Myung W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Waite, William F.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mlee@usgs.gov
OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Department of Energy [DE-AI21-92MC29214]
FX This work was supported by the Gas Hydrate Project of the U.S.
Geological Survey's Energy Program and Coastal and Marine Geology
Program. Laboratory work was also supported through Department of Energy
Contract No. DE-AI21-92MC29214. Any use of trade, product or firm names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.
NR 37
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
EI 1520-8524
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 129
IS 4
BP 1707
EP 1720
DI 10.1121/1.3552877
PG 14
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 747CT
UT WOS:000289298600014
PM 21476628
ER
PT J
AU Brownstein, D
Miller, MA
Oates, SC
Byrne, BA
Jang, S
Murray, MJ
Gill, VA
Jessup, DA
AF Brownstein, Deborah
Miller, Melissa A.
Oates, Stori C.
Byrne, Barbara A.
Jang, Spencer
Murray, Michael J.
Gill, Verena A.
Jessup, David A.
TI ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM SEA OTTERS
(ENHYDRA LUTRIS)
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Antibiotic; antimicrobial susceptibility; bacteria; bacterial
infections; Enhydra lutris; sea otter
ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; ERYSIPELOTHRIX-RHUSIOPATHIAE;
ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MARINE
MAMMALS; EL-NINO; PINNIPEDS; DISEASE; NEREIS
AB Bacterial infections are an important cause of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) mortality, and some of these infections may originate from terrestrial and anthropogenic sources. Antimicrobials are an important therapeutic tool for management of bacterial infections in stranded sea otters and for prevention of infection following invasive procedures in free-ranging otters. In this study, susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials was determined for 126 isolates of 15 bacterial species or groups from necropsied, live-stranded injured or sick, and apparently healthy wild sea otters examined between 1998 and 2005. These isolates included both gram-positive and gram-negative strains of primary pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, and environmental flora, including bacterial species with proven zoonotic potential. Minimal evidence of antimicrobial resistance and no strains with unusual or clinically significant multiple-drug resistance patterns were identified. Collectively, these findings will help optimize selection of appropriate antimicrobials for treatment of bacterial diseases in sea otters and other marine species.
C1 [Brownstein, Deborah; Miller, Melissa A.; Oates, Stori C.; Jessup, David A.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Byrne, Barbara A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Jang, Spencer] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, William R Pritchard Teaching Hosp, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Murray, Michael J.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
[Gill, Verena A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Jessup, DA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM djessup@ospr.dfg.ca.gov
FU Oiled Wildlife Care Network; California Department of Fish and
Game-Office of Spill Prevention and Response (CDFG-OSPR); CDFG-OSPR
Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center; Monterey Bay
Aquarium
FX This research was funded by the Oiled Wildlife Care Network, the
California Department of Fish and Game-Office of Spill Prevention and
Response (CDFG-OSPR), and by the operating budgets of the CDFG-OSPR
Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center and the Monterey Bay
Aquarium. We thank many or the staff of those two institutions and of
the Microbiology Service of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at
the University of California, Davis. We acknowledge the help and
expertise of Mark Papich, Robyn Stoddard, Valerie Weil, David Casper,
Jennifer Coffey, Tracy Fink, Brett Long, Jennifer Gaffney, Anita Wong,
Eileen Samitz, Joann Yee, Eva Berberich, Sharon Toy-Choutka, and Alexis
Fisher.
NR 55
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 21
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
EI 1943-3700
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 2
BP 278
EP 292
PG 15
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 750HO
UT WOS:000289537400003
PM 21441180
ER
PT J
AU Harris, HS
Benson, SR
Gilardi, KV
Poppenga, RH
Work, TM
Dutton, PH
Mazet, JAK
AF Harris, Heather S.
Benson, Scott R.
Gilardi, Kirsten V.
Poppenga, Robert H.
Work, Thierry M.
Dutton, Peter H.
Mazet, Jonna A. K.
TI COMPARATIVE HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF WESTERN PACIFIC LEATHERBACK TURTLES
(DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA) FORAGING OFF THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA, 2005-2007
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Dermochelys coriacea; domoic acid; health assessment; heavy metals;
hematology; leatherback sea turtle; organochlorine contaminants; plasma
biochemistry
ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLE; DOMOIC ACID;
INTERNESTING MOVEMENT; BIOCHEMICAL VALUES; BODY TEMPERATURES; MATERNAL
TRANSFER; LONGLINE FISHERY; CARETTA-CARETTA; FRENCH-GUIANA
AB Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are critically endangered, primarily threatened by the overharvesting of eggs, fisheries entanglement, and coastal development. The Pacific leatherback population has experienced a catastrophic decline over the past two decades. Leatherbacks foraging off the coast of California are part of a distinct Western Pacific breeding stock that nests on beaches in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. Although it has been proposed that the rapid decline of Pacific leatherback turtles is due to increased adult mortality, little is known about the health of this population. Health assessments in leatherbacks have examined females on nesting beaches, which provides valuable biological information, but might have limited applicability to the population as a whole. During September 2005 and 2007, we conducted physical examinations on 19 foraging Pacific leatherback turtles and measured normal physiologic parameters, baseline hematologic and plasma biochemistry values, and exposure to heavy metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury), organochlorine contaminants, and domoic acid. We compared hematologic values of foraging Pacific leatherbacks with their nesting counterparts in Papua New Guinea (n=11) and with other nesting populations in the Eastern Pacific in Costa Rica (n=8) and in the Atlantic in St. Croix (n=12). This study provides the most comprehensive assessment to date of the health status of leatherbacks in the Pacific. We found significant differences in blood values between foraging and nesting leatherbacks, which suggests that health assessment studies conducted only on nesting females might not accurately represent the whole population. The establishment of baseline physiologic data and blood values for healthy foraging leatherback turtles, including males, provides valuable data for long-term health monitoring and comparative studies of this endangered population.
C1 [Harris, Heather S.; Gilardi, Kirsten V.; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Benson, Scott R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Poppenga, Robert H.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Hawaii Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
[Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Harris, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM heathersharris@gmail.com
RI Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015
OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090
FU California Department of Fish and Game's Oil Spill Response Trust
through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the Wildlife Health Center,
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; School
of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; National Marine
Fisheries Service-Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and Southwest
Fisheries Science Center
FX Animal capture and sampling was conducted under the authority of the
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS scientific research permit 1227)
and with approval of the University of California, Davis Institutional
Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol 11937). Funding was provided by
the California Department of Fish and Game's Oil Spill Response Trust
Fund through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the Wildlife Health
Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis;
the Theodora Peigh Dual Degree DVM/MPVM scholarship, School of
Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; and the National
Marine Fisheries Service-Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and
Southwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank the following
organizations: in California, the leatherback capture and aerial teams,
Aspen Helicopters, Inc., and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Marine
Operations; from St. Croix, the West Indies Marine Animal Research and
Conservation Service, Virgin Islands Department of Parks and Natural
Resources, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service; from Papua New Guinea,
the Kamiali Wildlife Management Area and Papua New Guinea Department of
Environment and Conservation; and from Costa Rica, the Costa Rica
Ministry of Energy and Environment and Parque Nacional Marino Las
Baulas. We thank T. Norton, J. St. Leger, and C. Harms for assistance
with study design; T. Norton, J. St. Leger, and G. Balazs for reviewing
our manuscript; T. Farver and D. Carlson-Bremer for statistical support;
and L. Hull for logistic support.
NR 71
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 28
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
EI 1943-3700
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 2
BP 321
EP 337
PG 17
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 750HO
UT WOS:000289537400008
PM 21441185
ER
PT J
AU Andersen, DC
Shafroth, PB
Pritekel, CM
O'Neill, MW
AF Andersen, Douglas C.
Shafroth, Patrick B.
Pritekel, Cynthia M.
O'Neill, Matthew W.
TI Managed Flood Effects on Beaver Pond Habitat in a Desert Riverine
Ecosystem, Bill Williams River, Arizona USA
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Beaver dam; Environmental flow; Regulated river; Sediment flux; Sonoran
Desert; Thermal regime
ID CASTOR-CANADENSIS; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE;
NATIONAL-PARK; STREAM; WATER; DAMS; DIVERSITY; INTERMITTENCY;
TEMPERATURES
AB The ecological effects of beaver in warm-desert streams are poorly documented, but potentially significant. For example, stream water and sediment budgets may be affected by increased evaporative losses and sediment retention in beaver ponds. We measured physical attributes of beaver pond and adjacent lotic habitats on a regulated Sonoran Desert stream, the Bill Williams River, after a parts per thousand yen11 flood-free months in Spring 2007 and Spring 2008. Neither a predicted warming of surface water as it passed through a pond nor a reduction in dissolved oxygen in ponds was consistently observed, but bed sediment sorted to finest in ponds as expected. We observed a river segment-scale downstream rise in daily minimum stream temperature that may have been influenced by the series of similar to 100 beaver ponds present. Channel cross-sections surveyed before and after an experimental flood (peak flow 65 m(3)/s) showed net aggradation on nine of 13 cross-sections through ponds and three of seven through lotic reaches. Our results indicate that beaver affect riverine processes in warm deserts much as they do in other biomes. However, effects may be magnified in deserts through the potential for beaver to alter the stream thermal regime and water budget.
C1 [Andersen, Douglas C.] US Bur Reclamat, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Pritekel, Cynthia M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, ASRC Management Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[O'Neill, Matthew W.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 86-68220,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov
RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013
NR 56
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 42
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
EI 1943-6246
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 195
EP 206
DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0154-y
PG 12
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 746ZC
UT WOS:000289288700001
ER
PT J
AU Sumner, DM
Wu, QL
Pathak, CS
AF Sumner, David M.
Wu, Qinglong
Pathak, Chandra S.
TI Variability of Albedo and Utility of the MODIS Albedo Product in
Forested Wetlands
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Net radiation; Remote sensing; Big Cypress; National Preserve
ID REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; LAND-SURFACE ALBEDO; GROUND
MEASUREMENTS; VALIDATION; ENERGY; RETRIEVALS; WATER
AB Albedo was monitored over a two-year period (beginning April 2008) at three forested wetland sites in Florida, USA using up- and down-ward facing pyranometers. Water level, above and below land surface, is the primary control on the temporal variability of daily albedo. Relatively low reflectivity of water accounts for the observed reductions in albedo with increased inundation of the forest floor. Enhanced canopy shading of the forest floor was responsible for lower sensitivity of albedo to water level at the most dense forest site. At one site, the most dramatic reduction in daily albedo was observed during the inundation of a highly-reflective, calcareous periphyton-covered land surface. Satellite-based Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) estimates of albedo compare favorably with measured albedo. Use of MODIS albedo values in net radiation computations introduced a root mean squared error of less than 4.7 W/m(2) and a mean, annual bias of less than 2.3 W/m(2) (1.7%). These results suggest that MODIS-estimated albedo values can reliably be used to capture areal and temporal variations in albedo that are important to the surface energy balance.
C1 [Sumner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Orlando, FL USA.
[Wu, Qinglong; Pathak, Chandra S.] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL USA.
RP Sumner, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Orlando, FL USA.
EM dmsumner@usgs.gov
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
EI 1943-6246
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 229
EP 237
DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0161-z
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 746ZC
UT WOS:000289288700004
ER
PT J
AU Rover, J
Wright, CK
Euliss, NH
Mushet, DM
Wylie, BK
AF Rover, Jennifer
Wright, Chris K.
Euliss, Ned H., Jr.
Mushet, David M.
Wylie, Bruce K.
TI Classifying the Hydrologic Function of Prairie Potholes with Remote
Sensing and GIS
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Landsat; Cluster analysis; Wetland classification; Object-oriented image
analysis
ID WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSAT DATA; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABILITY; IMAGERY
AB A sequence of Landsat TM/ETM+ scenes capturing the substantial surface water variations exhibited by prairie pothole wetlands over a drought to deluge period were analyzed in an attempt to determine the general hydrologic function of individual wetlands (recharge, flow-through, and discharge). Multipixel objects (water bodies) were clustered according to their temporal changes in water extents. We found that wetlands receiving groundwater discharge responded differently over the time period than wetlands that did not. Also, wetlands located within topographically closed discharge basins could be distinguished from discharge basins with overland outlets. Field verification data showed that discharge wetlands with closed basins were most distinct and identifiable with reasonable accuracies (user's accuracy = 97%, producer's accuracy = 71%). The classification of other hydrologic function types had lower accuracies reducing the overall accuracy for the four hydrologic function classes to 51%. A simplified classification approach identifying only two hydrologic function classes was 82%. Although this technique has limited success for detecting small wetlands, Landsat-derived multipixel-object clustering can reliably differentiate wetlands receiving groundwater discharge and provides a new approach to quantify wetland dynamics in landscape scale investigations and models.
C1 [Rover, Jennifer; Wylie, Bruce K.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Wright, Chris K.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Euliss, Ned H., Jr.; Mushet, David M.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Rover, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Mundt Fed Bldg,47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM jrover@usgs.gov
RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014;
OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Integrated Landscape Monitoring
initiative; USGS Central Region Integrated Studies Program (CRISP);
Carbon Cycle Research (Land Remote Sensing); Climate Effects Network
(Global Change Office); USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science
Center
FX This collaborative work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) Integrated Landscape Monitoring initiative. Funding was provided
by USGS Central Region Integrated Studies Program (CRISP), Carbon Cycle
Research (Land Remote Sensing), Climate Effects Network (Global Change
Office), and USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
over-guide. We thank John Melack and Gabriel Senay for their reviews and
Lei Ji for assisting with graphics. Use of brand names in this
manuscript does not constitute nor imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 39
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
EI 1943-6246
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 319
EP 327
DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0146-y
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 746ZC
UT WOS:000289288700012
ER
PT J
AU Conway, CJ
Gibbs, JP
AF Conway, Courtney J.
Gibbs, James P.
TI Summary of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Detection
Probability of Marsh Birds
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bitterns; Call-broadcast; Monitoring; Rails; Tape-playback; Vocalization
probability
ID CALL-RESPONSE SURVEYS; CALIFORNIA BLACK RAILS; TAPE-RECORDED CALLS;
LEAST BITTERNS; CONSPECIFIC CALLS; BROADCAST SURVEYS; HABITAT USE;
COLORADO; PLAYBACK; DENSITY
AB Many species of marsh birds (rails, bitterns, grebes, etc.) rely exclusively on emergent marsh vegetation for all phases of their life cycle, and many organizations have become concerned about the status and persistence of this group of birds. Yet, marsh birds are notoriously difficult to monitor due to their secretive habits. We synthesized the published and unpublished literature and summarized the factors that influence detection probability of secretive marsh birds in North America. Marsh birds are more likely to respond to conspecific than heterospecific calls, and seasonal peak in vocalization probability varies among co-existing species. The effectiveness of morning versus evening surveys varies among species and locations. Vocalization probability appears to be positively correlated with density in breeding Virginia Rails (Rallus limicola), Soras (Porzana carolina), and Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris). Movement of birds toward the broadcast source creates biases when using count data from call-broadcast surveys to estimate population density. Ambient temperature, wind speed, cloud cover, and moon phase affected detection probability in some, but not all, studies. Better estimates of detection probability are needed. We provide recommendations that would help improve future marsh bird survey efforts and a list of 14 priority information and research needs that represent gaps in our current knowledge where future resources are best directed.
C1 [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Gibbs, James P.] SUNY Syracuse, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM cconway@usgs.gov
NR 64
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 34
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
EI 1943-6246
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 403
EP 411
DI 10.1007/s13157-011-0155-x
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 746ZC
UT WOS:000289288700019
ER
PT J
AU Wong, SW
Barry, MJ
Aldous, AR
Rudd, NT
Hendrixson, HA
Doehring, CM
AF Wong, Siana W.
Barry, Matthew J.
Aldous, Allison R.
Rudd, Nathan T.
Hendrixson, Heather A.
Doehring, Carolyn M.
TI Nutrient Release from a Recently Flooded Delta Wetland: Comparison of
Field Measurements to Laboratory Results
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Wetland restoration; Water quality; Phosphorus release; Nutrient
retention
ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; RESTORATION WETLAND; PHOSPHORUS RELEASE; OREGON;
SOIL; USA
AB Wetland restoration is expected to reduce external phosphorous (P) loading to hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon, USA, where P was identified as the primary driver of lake productivity. However, previous laboratory experiments showed that a large P release could occur when former agricultural land is re-flooded for restoration, thus presenting an initial challenge for wetland restoration projects. We tested whether results from those experiments were supported during the initial phase of restoration at the Williamson River Delta adjacent to Upper Klamath Lake. Our objectives were to document post-flood surface water nutrient concentrations, estimate the P mass released from the newly flooded wetlands, and compare these results to the laboratory experiments. Phosphorus concentrations in the wetlands ranged from 0.1 to 0.63 mg P/L and were up to six times greater than in the lakes, corroborating that the wetlands released P upon flooding. However, we estimated 2 Mg P released within three weeks of flooding, which is much lower than the anticipated 64-Mg release from these wetlands, and a fraction of the annual 21-25 Mg load from the Delta before reconnection. This pulse is expected to be short-term; longer term studies will address the role of these wetlands in retaining nutrients.
C1 [Wong, Siana W.; Hendrixson, Heather A.] Nature Conservancy, Klamath Basin Field Off, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA.
[Barry, Matthew J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat Conservat & Restorat Div, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA.
[Aldous, Allison R.; Rudd, Nathan T.] Nature Conservancy, Portland, OR 97214 USA.
[Doehring, Carolyn M.] Klamath Basin Rangeland Trust, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA.
RP Wong, SW (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Klamath Basin Field Off, 226 Pine St, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA.
EM swong@tnc.org
FU Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; US Bureau of Reclamation; Sprague
River Water Quality Laboratory
FX The Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board and US Bureau of Reclamation
graciously provided funding for this work. We thank Jason Cameron, Mary
Lindenberg, and Tamara Wood for guidance in the development and design
of this project; Kris Fischer and Ben Harris at The Sprague River Water
Quality Laboratory for providing laboratory space and support; Charles
Erdman for assistance with GIS; Carla Stevens and two anonymous
reviewers for providing thoughtful and constructive reviews of this
manuscript; and Mark Stern for continued support.
NR 30
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
EI 1943-6246
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 433
EP 443
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0137-4
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 746ZC
UT WOS:000289288700022
ER
PT J
AU Nemec, KT
Allen, CR
Alai, A
Clements, G
Kessler, AC
Kinsell, T
Major, A
Stephen, BJ
AF Nemec, Kristine T.
Allen, Craig R.
Alai, Aaron
Clements, Greg
Kessler, Andrew C.
Kinsell, Travis
Major, Annabel
Stephen, Bruce J.
TI Woody Invasions of Urban Trails and the Changing Face of Urban Forests
in the Great Plains, USA
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; LONICERA-MAACKII; SPECIES INVASION;
ACER-PLATANOIDES; PLANT INVASIONS; SEED PREDATORS; NEST PREDATION;
EXOTIC SHRUBS; LANDSCAPE
AB Corridors such as roads and trails can facilitate invasions by non-native plant species. The open, disturbed habitat associated with corridors provides favorable growing conditions for many non-native plant species. Bike trails are a corridor system common to many urban areas that have not been studied for their potential role in plant invasions. We sampled five linear segments of urban forest along bike trails in Lincoln, Nebraska to assess the invasion of woody non-native species relative to corridors and to assess the composition of these urban forests. The most abundant plant species were generally native species, but five non-native species were also present: white mulberry (Morus alba), common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima), honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.) and elm (Ulmus spp.). The distribution of two of the woody species sampled, common buckthorn and honeysuckle, significantly decreased with increasing distance from a source patch of vegetation (P = 0.031 and 0.030). These linear habitats are being invaded by non-native tree and shrub species, which may change the structure of these urban forest corridors. If non-native woody plant species become abundant in the future, they may homogenize the plant community and reduce native biodiversity in these areas.
C1 [Nemec, Kristine T.; Alai, Aaron] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
[Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
RP Nemec, KT (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, 422 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
EM kristine.nemec@huskers.unl.edu
FU United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission;
University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service;
Wildlife Management Institute
FX The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly
supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States
Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife
Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. We would like to thank
Rich Lodes of the Nebraska Forest Service for help with woody plant
identification. An earlier version of the manuscript was improved by
comments by Katie Reed and Tom Powers.
NR 78
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 5
U2 34
PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 165
IS 2
BP 241
EP 256
PG 16
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 746DM
UT WOS:000289222700004
ER
PT J
AU Chalupnicki, MA
Dittman, DE
Carlson, DM
AF Chalupnicki, Marc A.
Dittman, Dawn E.
Carlson, Douglas M.
TI Distribution of Lake Sturgeon in New York: 11 Years of Restoration
Management
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; ABUNDANCE; ONTARIO; GROWTH; RIVER; AGE
AB Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) are native within the Lake Ontario drainage basin and listed as threatened by New York State. In 1995 the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) initiated restoration management of lake sturgeon. This management included both protection of extant populations and stocking of uninhabited historic waters with juvenile sturgeon. A list compiled by NYSDEC of observations of lake sturgeon from New York State waters for the period encompassing 1800-2005 was combined with recent observations through 2008 and formatted (Geographic Information System) to allow mapping of sturgeon geographical distribution. Distributions of pre- and post-restoration sturgeon were examined by occurrence and type of observation. Distribution patterns indicated lakes and rivers with current sturgeon presence have increased from five to eight, which was the first-phase goal of the New York Lake Sturgeon Recovery Plan. Lake sturgeon have started to expand into joining water to include the Indian R., Oneida R., Seneca R. and Oswego R. The protected historic populations in the Niagara R., Grasse R., St. Lawrence R., and Lakes Erie and Ontario continue to have low numbers of sturgeon observations. This summary of mapped lake sturgeon distribution information will help in guiding research assessments to waters containing substantial populations. These accessible reaches provide a generous advantage to the released juveniles as they move toward the next goal of restoration, spawning of sturgeon in targeted waters.
C1 [Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Dittman, Dawn E.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
[Carlson, Douglas M.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Watertown, NY 13601 USA.
RP Chalupnicki, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
EM mchalupnicki@usgs.gov
OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732
NR 31
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 28
PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 165
IS 2
BP 364
EP 371
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 746DM
UT WOS:000289222700012
ER
PT J
AU Grovenburg, TW
Swanson, CC
Jacques, CN
Deperno, CS
Klaver, RW
Jenks, JA
AF Grovenburg, Troy W.
Swanson, Christopher C.
Jacques, Christopher N.
Deperno, Christopher S.
Klaver, Robert W.
Jenks, Jonathan A.
TI Female White-tailed Deer Survival Across Ecoregions in Minnesota and
South Dakota
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID INTENSIVELY FARMED REGION; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; NORTH-CENTRAL
MINNESOTA; GREAT-PLAINS; MULE DEER; POPULATION; PATTERNS; ILLINOIS;
BEHAVIOR; COYOTES
AB Survival and cause-specific mortality of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been well documented in forested and agricultural landscapes, but limited information has been collected in grassland habitats typical of the Northern Great Plains. Our objectives were to document and compare survival and cause-specific mortality of adult female white-tailed deer in four distinct ecoregions. We captured and radiocollared 190 (159 adult, 31 yearling) female white-tailed deer and monitored (including deer from a previous study) a total of 246 (215 adult, 31 yearling) deer from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2007. We documented 113 mortalities; hunting (including wounding loss) accounted for 69.9% of all mortalities and vehicle collisions accounted for an additional 15.0%. Natural causes (e.g., disease, predation) of mortality were minor compared to human-related causes (e.g., hunting, vehicle collisions). We used known fate modeling in program MARK to estimate survival rates and compare ecoregions and seasons. Model {S(season) ((summer=winter))} had the lowest MC, value suggesting that survival differed only between seasons where winter and summer survival was equal and differed with fall season. Annual and seasonal (summer, fall, winter) survival rates using the top model {S(season) ((summer=winter))} were 0.76 (95% cr = 0.70-0.80), 0.97 (95% ci = 0.96-0.98), 0.80 (95% ci = 0.76-0.83) and 0.97 (95% ci = 0.96-0.98), respectively. High human-related mortality was likely associated with limited permanent cover, extensive road networks and high hunter density. Deer management in four distinct ecoregions relies on hunter harvest to maintain deer populations within state management goals.
C1 [Grovenburg, Troy W.; Swanson, Christopher C.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Jacques, Christopher N.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Sci Serv, Madison, WI 53716 USA.
[Deperno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources Fisheries Wild, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Grovenburg, TW (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM troy.grovenburg@sdstate.edu
RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009; Grovenburg, Troy/K-3346-2012
FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration
FX Funding was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration administered
by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, Minnesota Department
of Natural Resources, Safari Club International (North Country
Bowhunters Chapters), Bluffland Whitetails Association, Cottonwood
County Game and Fish League, Minnesota Bowhunters, Inc., Minnesota Deer
Hunters Association (Bend of the River, Des Moines Valley, Rum River and
South Metro Chapters), Minnesota State Archery Association, Whitetail
Institute of North America and the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries
Sciences at South Dakota State University. We thank J. Smith and I.
Sasmal for their insightful comments on earlier drafts of our
manuscript. We thank the numerous volunteers for their assistance
capturing and monitoring animals. In addition, we thank the landowners
that allowed access to their properties during our study. Any use of
trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the United States Government.
NR 45
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 23
PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 165
IS 2
BP 426
EP 435
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 746DM
UT WOS:000289222700018
ER
PT J
AU Demma, DJ
Mech, LD
AF Demma, Dominic J.
Mech, L. David
TI Accuracy of Estimating Wolf Summer Territories by Daytime Locations
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTION; GPS
TELEMETRY; PREDATION; SYSTEM; POPULATION; FAWNS
AB We used locations of 6 wolves (Canis lupus) in Minnesota from Global Positioning System (GPS) collars to compare day-versus-night locations to estimate territory size and location during summer. We employed both minimum convex polygon (MCP) and fixed kernel (FK) methods. We used two methods to partition GPS locations for day-versus-night home-range comparisons: (1) daytime = 0800-2000 h; nighttime = 2000-0800 h; and (2) sunup versus sundown. Regardless of location-partitioning method, mean area of daytime MCPs did not differ significantly from nighttime MCPs. Similarly, mean area of daytime FKs (95% probability contour) were not significantly different from nightime FKs. FK core use areas (50% probability contour) did not differ between daytime and nighttime nor between sunup and sundown locations. We conclude that in areas similar to our study area day-only locations are adequate for describing the location, extent and core use areas of summer wolf territories by both MCP and FK methods.
C1 [Demma, Dominic J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Demma, DJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1800 Glenn Hwy,4, Palmer, AK 99645 USA.
EM dominic.demma@alaska.gov
FU Biological Resources Discipline, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department
of Agriculture North Central Research Station; W M Foundation;
University of Minnesota and Valerie Gates
FX This study was supported by the Biological Resources Discipline, U.S.
Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture North Central Research
Station, the W & M Foundation, the University of Minnesota and Valerie
Gates. We thank numerous volunteer technicians for completing long hours
of field work in often challenging conditions.
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 18
PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 165
IS 2
BP 436
EP 445
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 746DM
UT WOS:000289222700019
ER
PT J
AU Eberl, DD
Blum, AE
Serravezza, M
AF Eberl, D. D.
Blum, A. E.
Serravezza, M.
TI Anatomy of a metabentonite: Nucleation and growth of illite crystals and
their coalescence into mixed-layer illite/smectite
SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Illite; smectite; diagenesis; mixed-layer clay; bentonite;
metabentonite; crystal growth
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CLAY; PARTICLES; SCATTERING; THICKNESS; SMECTITES
AB The illite layer content of mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) in a 2.5 m thick, zoned, metabentonite bed from Montana decreases regularly from the edges to the center of the bed. Traditional X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern modeling using Markovian statistics indicated that this zonation results from a mixing in different proportions of smectite-rich R0 I/S and illite-rich R1 I/S, with each phase having a relatively constant illite layer content. However, a new method for modeling XRD patterns of US indicates that R0 and R1 I/S in these samples are not separate phases (in the mineralogical sense of the word), but that the samples are composed of illite crystals that have continuous distributions of crystal thicknesses, and of 1 nm thick smectite crystals. The shapes of these distributions indicate that the crystals were formed by simultaneous nucleation and growth. XRD patterns for R0 and R1 I/S arise by interparticle diffraction from a random stacking of the crystals, with swelling interlayers formed at interfaces between crystals from water or glycol that is sorbed on crystal surfaces. It is the thickness distributions of smectite and illite crystals (also termed fundamental particles, or Nadeau particles), rather than XRD patterns for mixed-layer I/S, that are the more reliable indicators of geologic history, because such distributions are composed of well-defined crystals that are not affected by differences in surface sorption and particle arrangements, and because their thickness distribution shapes conform to the predictions of crystal growth theory, which describes their genesis.
C1 [Eberl, D. D.; Blum, A. E.; Serravezza, M.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Eberl, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM ddeberl@usgs.gov
NR 23
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 0003-004X
J9 AM MINERAL
JI Am. Miner.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 96
IS 4
BP 586
EP 593
DI 10.2138/am.2011.3682
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 744XR
UT WOS:000289129000014
ER
PT J
AU Xie, ZX
Liu, ZW
Jones, JW
Higer, AL
Telis, PA
AF Xie, Zhixiao
Liu, Zhongwei
Jones, John W.
Higer, Aaron L.
Telis, Pamela A.
TI Landscape unit based digital elevation model development for the
freshwater wetlands within the Arthur C. Marshall Loxahatchee National
Wildlife Refuge, Southeastern Florida
SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE DEM; Freshwater wetland; Spatial interpolation; Stratified kriging
ID DRAINAGE NETWORKS; TERRAIN ANALYSIS; EVERGLADES; VEGETATION; RESOLUTION;
GIS; PATTERNS; DEM; DELINEATION; TOPOGRAPHY
AB The hydrologic regime is a critical limiting factor in the delicate ecosystem of the greater Everglades freshwater wetlands in south Florida that has been severely altered by management activities in the past several decades. "Getting the water right" is regarded as the key to successful restoration of this unique wetland ecosystem. An essential component to represent and model its hydrologic regime, specifically water depth, is an accurate ground Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) supplies important hydrologic data, and its products (including a ground DEM) have been well received by scientists and resource managers involved in Everglades restoration. This study improves the EDEN DEMs of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, also known as Water Conservation Area 1 (WCA1), by adopting a landscape unit (LU) based interpolation approach. The study first filtered the input elevation data based on newly available vegetation data, and then created a separate geostatistical model (universal kriging) for each LU. The resultant DEMs have encouraging cross-validation and validation results, especially since the validation is based on an independent elevation dataset (derived by subtracting water depth measurements from EDEN water surface elevations). The DEM product of this study will directly benefit hydrologic and ecological studies as well as restoration efforts. The study will also be valuable for a broad range of wetland studies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xie, Zhixiao; Higer, Aaron L.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geosci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA.
[Liu, Zhongwei] Univ Nevada, Sch Environm & Publ Affairs, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Jones, John W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Telis, Pamela A.] US Geol Survey, Jacksonville, FL USA.
RP Xie, ZX (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Geosci, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA.
EM xie@fau.edu
NR 59
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-6228
J9 APPL GEOGR
JI Appl. Geogr.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 401
EP 412
DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.10.003
PG 12
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 742UY
UT WOS:000288971900002
ER
PT J
AU Sherrouse, BC
Clement, JM
Semmens, DJ
AF Sherrouse, Benson C.
Clement, Jessica M.
Semmens, Darius J.
TI A GIS application for assessing, mapping, and quantifying the social
values of ecosystem services
SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecosystem services; Social-ecological systems; Ecosystem assessment;
Decision support; Ecosystem management; Geographic information systems
ID VALUATION; PARTICIPATION; INFORMATION; SPACE
AB As human pressures on ecosystems continue to increase, research involving the effective incorporation of social values information into the context of comprehensive ecosystem services assessments is becoming more important. Including quantified, spatially explicit social value metrics in such assessments will improve the analysis of relative tradeoffs among ecosystem services. This paper describes a GIS application, Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES), developed to assess, map, and quantify the perceived social values of ecosystem services by deriving a non-monetary Value Index from responses to a public attitude and preference survey. SolVES calculates and maps the Value Index for social values held by various survey subgroups, as distinguished by their attitudes regarding ecosystem use. Index values can be compared within and among survey subgroups to explore the effect of social contexts on the valuation of ecosystem services. Index values can also be correlated and regressed against landscape metrics SolVES calculates from various environmental data layers. Coefficients derived through these analyses were applied to their corresponding data layers to generate a predicted social value map. This map compared favorably with other SolVES output and led to the addition of a predictive mapping function to SolVES for value transfer to areas where survey data are unavailable. A more robust application is being developed as a public domain tool for decision makers and researchers to map social values of ecosystem services and to facilitate discussions among diverse stakeholders involving relative tradeoffs among different ecosystem services in a variety of physical and social contexts. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Sherrouse, Benson C.; Semmens, Darius J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Clement, Jessica M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Sherrouse, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,Mail Stop 516, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM bcsherrouse@usgs.gov
NR 44
TC 133
Z9 158
U1 18
U2 158
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-6228
J9 APPL GEOGR
JI Appl. Geogr.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 748
EP 760
DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.08.002
PG 13
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 742UY
UT WOS:000288971900035
ER
PT J
AU Fleishman, E
Blockstein, DE
Hall, JA
Mascia, MB
Rudd, MA
Scott, JM
Sutherland, WJ
Bartuska, AM
Brown, AG
Christen, CA
Clement, JP
DellaSala, D
Duke, CS
Eaton, M
Fiske, SJ
Gosnell, H
Haney, JC
Hutchins, M
Klein, ML
Marqusee, J
Noon, BR
Nordgren, JR
Orbuch, PM
Powell, J
Quarles, SP
Saterson, KA
Savitt, CC
Stein, BA
Webster, MS
Vedder, A
AF Fleishman, Erica
Blockstein, David E.
Hall, John A.
Mascia, Michael B.
Rudd, Murray A.
Scott, J. Michael
Sutherland, William J.
Bartuska, Ann M.
Brown, A. Gordon
Christen, Catherine A.
Clement, Joel P.
DellaSala, Dominick
Duke, Clifford S.
Eaton, Marietta
Fiske, Shirley J.
Gosnell, Hannah
Haney, J. Christopher
Hutchins, Michael
Klein, Mary L.
Marqusee, Jeffrey
Noon, Barry R.
Nordgren, John R.
Orbuch, Paul M.
Powell, Jimmie
Quarles, Steven P.
Saterson, Kathryn A.
Savitt, Charles C.
Stein, Bruce A.
Webster, Michael S.
Vedder, Amy
TI Top 40 Priorities for Science to Inform US Conservation and Management
Policy
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE conservation; decisionmakers; ecosystems; natural resource management;
priority setting
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL
QUESTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION; INTEGRATION; DIVERSITY;
COLLAPSE; DRIVERS
AB To maximize the utility of research to decisionmaking, especially given limited financial resources, scientists must set priorities for their efforts. We present a list of the top 40 high-priority, multidisciplinary research questions directed toward informing some of the most important current and future decisions about management of species, communities, and ecological processes in the United States. The questions were generated by an open, inclusive process that included personal interviews With decisionmakers, broad solicitation of research needs from scientists and policymakers, and an intensive workshop that included scientifically oriented individuals responsible for managing and developing policy related to natural resources. The process differed from previous efforts to set priorities for conservation research in its focus on the engagement of decisionmakers in addition to researchers. The research priorities emphasized the importance of addressing societal context and exploration of trade-offs among alternative policies and actions, as well as more traditional questions related to ecological processes and functions.
C1 [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Blockstein, David E.] Natl Council Sci & Environm, Washington, DC USA.
[Hall, John A.] US Dept Def, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Arlington, VA USA.
[Mascia, Michael B.] World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
[Rudd, Murray A.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Blockstein, David E.] Council Environm Deans & Directors, Washington, DC USA.
[Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
[Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
[Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
[Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
[Bartuska, Ann M.] US Dept Agr Forest Serv Res, Washington, DC USA.
[Brown, A. Gordon] US Dept Interior, Washington, DC USA.
[Brown, A. Gordon] Natl Invas Species Council, Washington, DC USA.
[Christen, Catherine A.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA.
[Clement, Joel P.] Wilburforce Fdn, Seattle, WA USA.
[DellaSala, Dominick] Geos Inst, Ashland, OR USA.
[Duke, Clifford S.] Ecol Soc Amer, Sci Programs, Washington, DC USA.
[Eaton, Marietta] US Bur Land Management, Washington, DC USA.
[Fiske, Shirley J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anthropol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gosnell, Hannah] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Haney, J. Christopher] Defenders Wildlife, Washington, DC USA.
[Hutchins, Michael] Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Klein, Mary L.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA USA.
[Marqusee, Jeffrey] US Dept Def, Environm Secur Technol Certificat, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, Arlington, VA USA.
[Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Nordgren, John R.] Kresge Fdn, Troy, MI USA.
[Orbuch, Paul M.] Orbuch Consulting LLC, Boulder, CO USA.
[Powell, Jimmie] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA.
[Quarles, Steven P.] Crowell & Corals Moring LLC, Environm & Nat Resources Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Saterson, Kathryn A.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Savitt, Charles C.] Isl Press, Washington, DC USA.
[Stein, Bruce A.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Wildlife Conservat & Global Warming, Washington, DC USA.
[Vedder, Amy] Wilderness Soc, Washington, DC USA.
[Webster, Michael S.] Gordon & Betty Moore Fdn, Palo Alto, CA USA.
RP Fleishman, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM efleishman@ucdavis.edu
RI Sutherland, William/B-1291-2013; Rudd, Murray/C-1244-2009;
OI Rudd, Murray/0000-0001-9533-5070; Mascia, Michael/0000-0002-9874-9778;
Sutherland, William/0000-0002-6498-0437
FU Kresge Foundation [239855]; World Wildlife Fund-US
FX This work was supported by Kresge Foundation grant 239855 to the
University of California, Santa Barbara. Thanks to World Wildlife
Fund-US for hosting the workshop. We thank all individuals who
contributed questions and three anonymous reviewers for comments that
improved the manuscript. Affiliations of authors are provided for ease
of identification only. No content in this manuscript implies
endorsement by the US government.
NR 63
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U1 9
U2 73
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 61
IS 4
BP 290
EP 300
DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.4.9
PG 11
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 747KY
UT WOS:000289319900014
ER
PT J
AU Draut, AE
Logan, JB
Mastin, MC
AF Draut, Amy E.
Logan, Joshua B.
Mastin, Mark C.
TI Channel evolution on the dammed Elwha River, Washington, USA
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Anabranching river; Dams; Dam removal; Channel evolution; Pacific
Northwest
ID GLEN CANYON DAM; GRAIN-SIZE; FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; ANABRANCHING RIVERS;
FLOODPLAIN DYNAMICS; AVULSION FREQUENCY; OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; SEDIMENT
DYNAMICS; ALLUVIAL RIVERS; FLOW REGULATION
AB Like many rivers in the western U.S., the Elwha River, Washington, has changed substantially over the past century in response to natural and human forcing. The lower river is affected by two upstream dams that are slated for removal as part of a major river restoration effort. In preparation for studying the effects of dam removal, we present a comprehensive field and aerial photographic analysis of dam influence on an anabranching, gravel-bed river.
Over the past century with the dams in place, loss of the upstream sediment supply has caused spatial variations in the sedimentary and geomorphic character of the lower Elwha River channel. Bed sediment is armored and better sorted than on the naturally evolving bed upstream of the dams. On time scales of flood seasons, the channel immediately below the lower dam is fairly stable, but progresses toward greater mobility downstream such that the lowermost portion of the river responded to a recent 40-year flood with bank erosion and bed-elevation changes on a scale approaching that of the natural channel above the dams. In general, channel mobility in the lowest 4 km of the Elwha River has not decreased substantially with time. Enough fine sediment remains in the floodplain that - given sufficient flood forcing - the channel position, sinuosity, and braiding index change substantially. The processes by which this river accesses new fine sediment below the dams (rapid migration into noncohesive banks and avulsion of new channels) allow it to compensate for loss of upstream sediment supply more readily than would a dammed river with cohesive banks or a more limited supply of alluvium. The planned dam removal will provide a valuable opportunity to evaluate channel response to the future restoration of natural upstream sediment supply. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Draut, Amy E.; Logan, Joshua B.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Mastin, Mark C.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA.
RP Draut, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM adraut@usgs.gov
OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460; Mastin, Mark/0000-0003-4018-7861
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of trade
names in this publication is for information purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The authors thank M. McHenry
and R. McCoy (Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe) for valuable discussion and for
providing aerial photographs, and J. Freilich for facilitating research
in Olympic National Park. T. Reiss (USGS) and A. Dupree and B. Treese
(Northwestern Territories, Inc.) assisted with topographic surveys. This
manuscript was improved by comments from J.E. O'Connor, J.A. Warrick,
and six anonymous reviewers.
NR 135
TC 31
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U1 12
U2 74
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD APR 1
PY 2011
VL 127
IS 1-2
BP 71
EP 87
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.008
PG 17
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 743WD
UT WOS:000289048600007
ER
PT J
AU Fildani, A
Piper, DJW
Scholl, D
AF Fildani, Andrea
Piper, David J. W.
Scholl, Dave
TI Introduction: Exploring the deep sea and beyond: Contributions to marine
geology in honor of William R. Normark
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 [Fildani, Andrea] Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA.
[Piper, David J. W.] Geol Survey Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
[Scholl, Dave] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Scholl, Dave] Univ Alaska, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Fildani, A (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol Co, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Rd,Room D1192, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA.
RI Fildani, Andrea/E-5956-2011
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 2
BP 290
EP 293
DI 10.1130/GES00660.1
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 743CH
UT WOS:000288993400001
ER
PT J
AU Covault, JA
Fildani, A
Romans, BW
McHargue, T
AF Covault, Jacob A.
Fildani, Andrea
Romans, Brian W.
McHargue, Tim
TI The natural range of submarine canyon-and-channel longitudinal profiles
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP-SEA FAN; LATE QUATERNARY EVOLUTION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; FORE-ARC;
SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SLOPE CURVATURE; LAURENTIAN
FAN; RIVER PROFILES; SYSTEMS
AB We differentiated 20 submarine canyon-and-channel longitudinal profiles across various types of continental margins on the basis of relative convexity or concavity, and according to their similarities to best-fitting mathematical functions. Profiles are visually differentiated into convex, slightly concave, and very concave groups, each of which generally corresponds with a continental-margin type and distinct depositional architecture. Profile groups generally reflect the competing influences of uplift and construction of depositional relief of the seafloor and its degradation by erosion related to mass wasting. Longitudinal-profile shape provides a basis for classifying deep-sea sedimentary systems, linking them to the geomorphic processes that shape continental margins.
C1 [Covault, Jacob A.; Fildani, Andrea; Romans, Brian W.; McHargue, Tim] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Clast Stratig Res & Dev, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA.
RP Covault, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RI Fildani, Andrea/E-5956-2011; Romans, Brian/G-2035-2010;
OI Romans, Brian/0000-0002-3112-0326
NR 84
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 15
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 2
BP 313
EP 332
DI 10.1130/GES00610.1
PG 20
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 743CH
UT WOS:000288993400004
ER
PT J
AU Benowitz, JA
Layer, PW
Armstrong, P
Perry, SE
Haeussler, PJ
Fitzgerald, PG
VanLaningham, S
AF Benowitz, Jeff A.
Layer, Paul W.
Armstrong, Phil
Perry, Stephanie E.
Haeussler, Peter J.
Fitzgerald, Paul G.
VanLaningham, Sam
TI Spatial variations in focused exhumation along a continental-scale
strike-slip fault: The Denali fault of the eastern Alaska Range
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID ST-ELIAS OROGEN; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LATE CENOZOIC UPLIFT; TECTONIC
EVOLUTION; VARIEGATED GLACIER; YUKON-TERRITORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLATE
MOTION; EROSION; EARTHQUAKE
AB (40)Ar/(39)Ar, apatite fission-track, and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronological techniques were used to determine the Neogene exhumation history of the topographically asymmetric eastern Alaska Range. Exhumation cooling ages range from similar to 33 Ma to similar to 18 Ma for (40)Ar/(39)Ar biotite, similar to 18 Ma to similar to 6 Ma for K-feldspar minimum closure ages, and similar to 15 Ma to similar to 1 Ma for apatite fission-track ages, and apatite (U-Th)/He cooling ages range from similar to 4 Ma to similar to 1 Ma. There has been at least similar to 11 km of exhumation adjacent to the north side of Denali fault during the Neogene inferred from biotite (40)Ar/(39)Ar thermochronology. Variations in exhumation history along and across the strike of the fault are influenced by both far-field effects and local structural irregularities. We infer deformation and rapid exhumation have been occurring in the eastern Alaska Range since at least similar to 22 Ma most likely related to the continued collision of the Yakutat microplate with the North American plate. The Nenana Mountain region is the late Pleistocene to Holocene (similar to past 1 Ma) primary locus of tectonically driven exhumation in the eastern Alaska Range, possibly related to variations in fault geometry. During the Pliocene, a marked increase in climatic instability and related global cooling is temporally correlated with an increase in exhumation rates in the eastern Alaska Range north of the Denali fault system.
C1 [Benowitz, Jeff A.; Layer, Paul W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Armstrong, Phil] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA.
[Perry, Stephanie E.; Fitzgerald, Paul G.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
[Haeussler, Peter J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[VanLaningham, Sam] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Benowitz, JA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RI Layer, Paul/F-5465-2010;
OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247
FU Geological Society of America; Geological Society of Alaska; American
Alpine Club; Mugs Stump Climbing; National Science Foundation
[EAR-0952793, EAR-0952800]
FX We would like to thank the Geological Society of America and the
Geological Society of Alaska for supporting this research project
through graduate research grants. We would also like to thank the
American Alpine Club and Mugs Stump Climbing grant for field season
funding. This manuscript benefited greatly from the constructive reviews
of A. Berger, C. Sorlien, and S. Gulick. This research was also made
possible by support from National Science Foundation grants EAR-0952793
and EAR-0952800. We thank W. Nokleberg for his work in the region and
the numerous other Alaska-based research projects that were the
foundation for this research. A special thanks to A. Sterns for field
assistance.
NR 70
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U1 1
U2 15
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 2
BP 455
EP 467
DI 10.1130/GES00589.1
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 743CH
UT WOS:000288993400010
ER
PT J
AU Langenheim, VE
Wright, TL
Okaya, DA
Yeats, RS
Fuis, GS
Thygesen, K
Thybo, H
AF Langenheim, V. E.
Wright, T. L.
Okaya, D. A.
Yeats, R. S.
Fuis, G. S.
Thygesen, K.
Thybo, H.
TI Structure of the San Fernando Valley region, California: Implications
for seismic hazard and tectonic history
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; 1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; LOS-ANGELES
BASIN; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FAULT SYSTEM; LARSE-II; DEFORMATION;
INITIATION; ROTATION; VELOCITY
AB Industry seismic reflection data, oil test well data, interpretation of gravity and magnetic data, and seismic refraction deep-crustal profiles provide new perspectives on the subsurface geology of San Fernando Valley, home of two of the most recent damaging earthquakes in southern California. Seismic reflection data provide depths to Miocene-Quaternary horizons; beneath the base of the Late Miocene Modelo Formation are largely nonreflective rocks of the Middle Miocene Topanga and older formations. Gravity and seismic reflection data reveal the North Leadwell fault zone, a set of down-to-the-north faults that does not offset the top of the Modelo Formation; the zone strikes northwest across the valley, and may be part of the Oak Ridge fault system to the west. In the southeast part of the valley, the fault zone bounds a concealed basement high that influenced deposition of the Late Miocene Tarzana fan and may have localized damage from the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Gravity and seismic refraction data indicate that the basin underlying San Fernando Valley is asymmetric, the north part of the basin (Sylmar subbasin) reaching depths of 5-8 km. Magnetic data suggest a major boundary at or near the Verdugo fault, which likely started as a Miocene transtensional fault, and show a change in the dip sense of the fault along strike. The northwest projection of the Verdugo fault separates the Sylmar subbasin from the main San Fernando Valley and coincides with the abrupt change in structural style from the Santa Susana fault to the Sierra Madre fault. The Simi Hills bound the basin on the west and, as defined by gravity data, the boundary is linear and strikes similar to N45 degrees E. That northeast-trending gravity gradient follows both the part of the 1971 San Fernando aftershock distribution called the Chatsworth trend and the aftershock trends of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. These data suggest that the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes reactivated portions of Miocene normal faults.
C1 [Langenheim, V. E.; Fuis, G. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Wright, T. L.] Chevron Corp, San Anselmo, CA 94960 USA.
[Yeats, R. S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Okaya, D. A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Thygesen, K.] GRID Arendal, N-4836 Arendal, Norway.
[Thybo, H.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geog & Geol, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark.
RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
OI Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [02HQAG0008]; Southern California
Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation [EAR-0106924]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and by
the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by
National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS
Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. This is SCEC contribution 1447. We
thank Chevron Corporation for donation of seismic reflection and well
data to the SCEC, the California Division of Oil and Gas, and other oil
companies for providing well logs, core descriptions, paleontological
interpretations, directional surveys, and dipmeter analyses. We also
thank Bob Powell, Dan Scheirer, Ray Ingersoll, and an anonymous reviewer
for thorough and helpful reviews.
NR 82
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U1 1
U2 7
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 2
BP 528
EP 572
DI 10.1130/GES00597.1
PG 45
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 743CH
UT WOS:000288993400014
ER
PT J
AU Stock, GM
Bawden, GW
Green, JK
Hanson, E
Downing, G
Collins, BD
Bond, S
Leslar, M
AF Stock, Greg M.
Bawden, Gerald W.
Green, Jimmy K.
Hanson, Eric
Downing, Greg
Collins, Brian D.
Bond, Sandra
Leslar, Michael
TI High-resolution three-dimensional imaging and analysis of rock falls in
Yosemite Valley, California
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER; NATIONAL-PARK; DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY;
ROCKSLIDE; CLIFF; USA
AB We present quantitative analyses of recent large rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California, using integrated high-resolution imaging techniques. Rock falls commonly occur from the glacially sculpted granitic walls of Yosemite Valley, modifying this iconic landscape but also posing significant potential hazards and risks. Two large rock falls occurred from the cliff beneath Glacier Point in eastern Yosemite Valley on 7 and 8 October 2008, causing minor injuries and damaging structures in a developed area. We used a combination of gigapixel photography, airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, and ground-based terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data to characterize the rock-fall detachment surface and adjacent cliff area, quantify the rock-fall volume, evaluate the geologic structure that contributed to failure, and assess the likely failure mode. We merged the ALS and TLS data to resolve the complex, vertical to overhanging topography of the Glacier Point area in three dimensions, and integrated these data with gigapixel photographs to fully image the cliff face in high resolution. Three-dimensional analysis of repeat TLS data reveals that the cumulative failure consisted of a near-planar rock slab with a maximum length of 69.0 m, a mean thickness of 2.1 m, a detachment surface area of 2750 m(2), and a volume of 5663 +/- 36 m(3). Failure occurred along a surface-parallel, vertically oriented sheeting joint in a clear example of granitic exfoliation. Stress concentration at crack tips likely propagated fractures through the partially attached slab, leading to failure. Our results demonstrate the utility of high-resolution imaging techniques for quantifying far-range (> 1 km) rock falls occurring from the largely inaccessible, vertical rock faces of Yosemite Valley, and for providing highly accurate and precise data needed for rock-fall hazard assessment.
C1 [Stock, Greg M.] Natl Pk Serv, El Portal, CA 95318 USA.
[Bawden, Gerald W.; Bond, Sandra] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Green, Jimmy K.] Optech Int Inc, Kiln, MS 39556 USA.
[Hanson, Eric; Downing, Greg] xRez Studio, Los Angeles, CA 90066 USA.
[Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Leslar, Michael] Optech Int, Vaughan, ON L4K 5Z8, Canada.
[Leslar, Michael] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci Engn, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
RP Stock, GM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Yosemite Natl Pk,5083 Foresta Rd,Box 700, El Portal, CA 95318 USA.
EM greg_stock@nps.gov
FU National Science Foundation; Yosemite Conservancy
FX We thank David Haddad and Michel Jaboyedoff for constructive manuscript
reviews, and Steve Martel and Jonathan Stock for commenting on an
earlier draft. We appreciate the assistance of the many volunteer
photographers who helped to acquire the high-resolution panoramic
images. ALS data were acquired by the National Center for Airborne Laser
Mapping (NCALM) at the University of Houston and processed by NCALM at
the University of California, Berkeley. NCALM is funded by the National
Science Foundation. This work was supported in part by funding from the
Yosemite Conservancy.
NR 51
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U1 2
U2 25
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 2
BP 573
EP 581
DI 10.1130/GES00617.1
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 743CH
UT WOS:000288993400015
ER
PT J
AU Wainwright, AJ
Tosdal, RM
Wooden, JL
Mazdab, FK
Friedman, RM
AF Wainwright, Alan J.
Tosdal, Richard M.
Wooden, Joseph L.
Mazdab, Frank K.
Friedman, Richard M.
TI U-Pb (zircon) and geochemical constraints on the age, origin, and
evolution of Paleozoic arc magmas in the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au
district, southern Mongolia
SO GONDWANA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Mongolia; Oyu Tolgoi; Volcanic arc; Geochemistry; Porphyry copper;
Geochronology
ID ASIAN OROGENIC BELT; SPIRIT MOUNTAIN BATHOLITH; CALC-ALKALINE MAGMATISM;
VOLCANIC-ROCKS; COPPER-DEPOSITS; ELEMENT ENRICHMENT; CONTINENTAL-CRUST;
NORTHERN CHILE; CENOZOIC AGE; ISLAND ARCS
AB Uranium-Pb (zircon) ages are linked with geochemical data for porphyry intrusions associated with giant porphyry Cu-Au systems at Oyu Tolgoi to place those rocks within the petrochemical framework of Devonian and Carboniferous rocks of southern Mongolia. In this part of the Gurvansayhan terrane within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the transition from Devonian tholeiitic marine rocks to unconformably overlying Carboniferous calc-alkaline subaerial to shallow marine volcanic rocks reflects volcanic arc thickening and maturation. Radiogenic Nd and Pb isotopic compositions (epsilon(Nd(t)) range from +3.1 to +7.5 and Pb-206/Pb-204 values for feldspars range from 17.97 to 18.72), as well as low high-field strength element (HFSE) contents of most rocks (mafic rocks typically have < 1.5% TiO2) are consistent with magma derivation from depleted mantle in an intra-oceanic volcanic arc. The Late Devonian and Carboniferous felsic rocks are dominantly medium- to high-K calc-alkaline and characterized by a decrease in Sr/Y ratios through time, with the Carboniferous rocks being more felsic than those of Devonian age. Porphyry Cu-Au related intrusions were emplaced in the Late Devonian during the transition from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline arc magmatism. Uranium-Pb (zircon) geochronology indicates that the Late Devonian pre- to syn-mineral quartz monzodiorite intrusions associated with the porphyry Cu-Au deposits are similar to 372 Ma, whereas granodiorite intrusions that post-date major shortening and are associated with less well-developed porphyry Cu-Au mineralization are similar to 366 Ma. Trace element geochemistry of zircons in the Late Devonian intrusions associated with the porphyry Cu-Au systems contain distinct Th/U and Yb/Gd ratios, as well as Hf and Y concentrations that reflect mixing of magma of distinct compositions. These characteristics are missing in the unmineralized Carboniferous intrusions. High Sr/Y and evidence for magma mixing in syn- to late-mineral intrusions distinguish the Late Devonian rocks associated with giant Cu-Au deposits from younger magmatic suites in the district. (C) 2010 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wainwright, Alan J.; Tosdal, Richard M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Mineral Deposit Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Wooden, Joseph L.; Mazdab, Frank K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Friedman, Richard M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Tosdal, RM (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Mineral Deposit Res Unit, 6339 Stores Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
EM alanw@kaminak.com; rtosdal@gmail.com
FU Ivanhoe Mines; Society of Economic Geologists; NSERC
FX This paper constitutes part of a Ph.D. dissertation by the senior
author. Ivanhoe Mines provided financial and logistical support and
their support is gratefully acknowledged. A research grant from the
Society of Economic Geologists to AJW and a NSERC Discovery Grant to RMT
provided additional financial support to the project. Special thanks are
extended to Charlie Forster and Doug Kirwin for their support throughout
the project, and to Dominique Weis and Janet Gabites of the Pacific
Centre for Isotope Geochemistry (University of British Columbia) for
providing Nd and Pb isotopic data. Hai Lin prepared the heavy mineral
separations for the U-Pb geochronology. Constructive reviews from
Richard Goldfarb and Peter Hollings greatly improved the manuscript.
MDRU contribution # 267.
NR 103
TC 45
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 35
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1342-937X
J9 GONDWANA RES
JI Gondwana Res.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 3
SI SI
BP 764
EP 787
DI 10.1016/j.gr.2010.11.012
PG 24
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 743VO
UT WOS:000289047000014
ER
PT J
AU Martinez-Alonso, S
Mellon, MT
Banks, ME
Keszthelyi, LP
McEwen, AS
AF Martinez-Alonso, Sara
Mellon, Michael T.
Banks, Maria E.
Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.
McEwen, Alfred S.
CA HiRISE Team
TI Evidence of volcanic and glacial activity in Chryse and Acidalia
Planitiae, Mars
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Geological processes; Mars; Mars, Surface
ID POLAR LAYERED DEPOSITS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ORBITER LASER
ALTIMETER; SUBGLACIAL VOLCANOS; NORTHERN PLAINS; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; GROUND
ICE; INTRAGLACIAL VOLCANOES; PALAGONITE-FORMATION; THERMAL INERTIA
AB Chryse and Acidalia Planitiae show numerous examples of enigmatic landforms previously interpreted to have been influenced by a water/ice-rich geologic history. These landforms include giant polygons bounded by kilometer-scale arcuate troughs, bright pitted mounds, and mesa-like features. To investigate the significance of the last we have analyzed in detail the region between 60 degrees N, 290 degrees E and 10 degrees N, 360 degrees E utilizing HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) images as well as regional-scale data for context. The mesas may be analogous to terrestrial tuyas (emergent sub-ice volcanoes), although definitive proof has not been identified. We also report on a blocky unit and associated landforms (drumlins, eskers, inverted valleys, kettle holes) consistent with ice-emplaced volcanic or volcano-sedimentary flows. The spatial association between tuya-like mesas, ice-emplaced flows, and further possible evidence of volcanism (deflated flow fronts, volcanic vents, columnar jointing, rootless cones), and an extensive fluid-rich substratum (giant polygons, bright mounds, rampart craters), allows for the possibility of glaciovolcanic activity in the region.
Landforms indicative of glacial activity on Chryse/Acidalia suggest a paleoclimatic environment remarkably different from today's. Climate changes on Mars (driven by orbital/obliquity changes) or giant outflow channel activity could have resulted in ice-sheet-related landforms far from the current polar caps. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Martinez-Alonso, Sara] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Mellon, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Banks, Maria E.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Martinez-Alonso, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM martinas@colorado.edu
RI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016
OI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670;
FU NASA
FX We express our appreciation to the science and operations teams
responsible for the success of the MRO mission and in particular to the
HiRISE team. We thank Tammy Becker for making available her ISIS script
for building HiRISE anaglyphs and Bethany Ehlmann for spectral
processing of the CRISM data. Thanks to Moses Milazzo for sharing his
expertise on Martian columnar jointing and to Larry Crumpler, Ginny
Gulick, and Bruce Kindel for their comments early in the project. This
paper benefited greatly from comments by the reviewers (Anonymous, Ernst
Hauber, and Thor Thordarson) and the editor (Ken Herkenhoff). SMA
recognizes support from NASA's Mars Data Analysis and MRO programs.
NR 155
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 18
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 212
IS 2
BP 597
EP 621
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.01.004
PG 25
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 745PM
UT WOS:000289178100013
ER
PT J
AU Marion, GM
Catling, DC
Crowley, JK
Kargel, JS
AF Marion, G. M.
Catling, D. C.
Crowley, J. K.
Kargel, J. S.
TI Modeling hot spring chemistries with applications to martian silica
formation
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars, Surface; Geological processes; Mineralogy
ID CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; PHOENIX LANDING SITE; MINERAL SOLUBILITIES;
MERIDIANI-PLANUM; NATURAL-WATERS; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS;
LOW-TEMPERATURES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; BURNS FORMATION; IRON
CHEMISTRY
AB Many recent studies have implicated hydrothermal systems as the origin of martian minerals across a wide range of martian sites. Particular support for hydrothermal systems include silica (SiO2) deposits, in some cases >90% silica, in the Gusev Crater region, especially in the Columbia Hills and at Home Plate. We have developed a model called CHEMCHAU that can be used up to 100 degrees C to simulate hot springs associated with hydrothermal systems. The model was partially derived from FREZCHEM, which is a colder temperature model parameterized for broad ranges of temperature (<-70 to 25 degrees C), pressure (1-1000 bars), and chemical composition. We demonstrate the validity of Pitzer parameters, volumetric parameters, and equilibrium constants in the CHEMCHAU model for the Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-ClO4-SO4-OH-HCO3-CO3-CO2-O-2-CH4-Si-H2O system up to 100 degrees C and apply the model to hot springs and silica deposits.
A theoretical simulation of silica and calcite equilibrium shows how calcite is least soluble with high pH and high temperatures, while silica behaves oppositely. Such influences imply that differences in temperature and pH on Mars could lead to very distinct mineral assemblages. Using measured solution chemistries of Yellowstone hot springs and Icelandic hot springs, we simulate salts formed during the evaporation of two low pH cases (high and low temperatures) and a high temperature, alkaline (high pH) sodic water. Simulation of an acid-sulfate case leads to precipitation of Fe and Al minerals along with silica. Consistency with martian mineral assemblages suggests that hot, acidic sulfate solutions are plausibility progenitors of minerals in the past on Mars. In the alkaline pH (8.45) simulation, formation of silica at high temperatures (355 K) led to precipitation of anhydrous minerals (CaSO4, Na2SO4) that was also the case for the high temperature (353 K) low pH case where anhydrous minerals (NaCl, CaSO4) also precipitated. Thus we predict that secondary minerals associated with massive silica deposits are plausible indicators on Mars of precipitation environments and aqueous chemistry. Theoretical model calculations are in reasonable agreement with independent experimental silica concentrations, which strengthens the validity of the new CHEMCHAU model. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Marion, G. M.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Catling, D. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Crowley, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Kargel, J. S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Marion, GM (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM Giles.Marion@dri.edu
OI Catling, David/0000-0001-5646-120X
FU NASA
FX Funding was provided by a NASA Mars Fundamental Research Project,
"Martian Geochemical Applications with FREZCHEM." We thank Lisa Wable
for assistance in preparing the manuscript. We thank Nicholas Tosca and
an anonymous scientist for reviewing this manuscript.
NR 95
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 18
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 212
IS 2
BP 629
EP 642
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.01.035
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 745PM
UT WOS:000289178100015
ER
PT J
AU Kaemingk, MA
Jolley, JC
Willis, DW
Graeb, BDS
AF Kaemingk, M. A.
Jolley, J. C.
Willis, D. W.
Graeb, B. D. S.
TI Exploring spatial distributions of larval yellow perch Perca flavescens,
bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and their prey in relation to wind
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE habitat; larval fishes; larval transport; match-mismatch; zooplankton
ID FISH RECRUITMENT; CLIMATOLOGICAL VARIABLES; TEMPORAL DIMENSION; HABITAT
SHIFTS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; NATURAL LAKE; STRIPED BASS; BODY-SIZE; SURVIVAL;
GROWTH
AB The objectives of the present study were to determine if spatial differences existed between zooplankton, larval yellow perch Perca flavescens and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus (< 13 mm total length, L-T) in Pelican Lake (332 ha), NE, U.S.A. It was hypothesized that wind could act as a transport mechanism for larval fishes in this shallow lake, because strong winds are common at this geographic location. Potential spatial differences were explored, relating to zooplankton densities, size structure and densities of larval P. flavescens and L. macrochirus. Density differences (east v. west side of the lake) were detected for small- (two occasions), medium- (two occasions) and large-sized (one occasion) L. macrochirus larvae. No density differences were detected for small P. flavescens larvae; however, densities of medium- and large-sized P. flavescens were each higher on the west side of the lake on two occasions. There was no evidence that larval P. flavescens and L. macrochirus distributions were related to wind because they were not associated with large wind events. Likewise, large wind event days did not result in any detectable spatial differences of larval P. flavescens and L. macrochirus densities. There appeared to be no spatial mismatch between larval densities and associated prey in the years examined. Thus, wind was not apparently an influential mechanism for zooplankton and larval P. flavescens and L. macrochirus transport within Pelican Lake, and spatial differences in density may instead be related to vegetation and habitat complexities or spawning locations within this shallow lake.
C1 [Kaemingk, M. A.; Jolley, J. C.; Willis, D. W.; Graeb, B. D. S.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Jolley, J. C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Kaemingk, MA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM mark.kaemingk@sdstate.edu
FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission [F-118-R]
FX We thank all the technicians who assisted in the field and laboratory.
M. Lindvall and Valentine National Wildlife Refuge provided access to
Pelican Lake. D. Graham, D. Hartmann, D. Krueger and the Valentine State
Fish Hatchery for assistance. Funding for this project was provided by
the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission through the Federal Aid in Sport
Fish Restoration Project F-118-R.
NR 60
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-1112
EI 1095-8649
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 78
IS 4
BP 1132
EP 1151
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02924.x
PG 20
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 745JQ
UT WOS:000289162100009
PM 21463311
ER
PT J
AU Selbig, WR
Bannerman, RT
AF Selbig, William R.
Bannerman, Roger T.
TI Development of a Depth-Integrated Sample Arm to Reduce Solids
Stratification Bias in Stormwater Sampling
SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE suspended solids; suspended sediment; stormwater; runoff; autosampler;
organic; specific density
ID RUNOFF
AB A new depth-integrated sample arm (DISA) was developed to improve the representation of solids in stormwater, both organic and inorganic, by collecting a water quality sample from multiple points in the water column. Data from this study demonstrate the idea of vertical stratification of solids in storm sewer runoff. Concentrations of suspended sediment in runoff were statistically greater using a fixed rather than multi-point collection system. Median suspended sediment concentrations measured at the fixed location (near the pipe invert) were approximately double those collected using the DISA. In general, concentrations and size distributions of suspended sediment decreased with increasing vertical distance from the storm sewer invert. Coarser particles tended to dominate the distribution of solids near the storm sewer invert as discharge increased. In contrast to concentration and particle size, organic material, to some extent, was distributed homogenously throughout the water column, likely the result of its low specific density, which allows for thorough mixing in less turbulent water. Water Environ. Res., 83, 347 (2011).
C1 [Selbig, William R.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
[Bannerman, Roger T.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA.
RP Selbig, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
EM wrselbig@usgs.gov
NR 21
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA
SN 1061-4303
EI 1554-7531
J9 WATER ENVIRON RES
JI Water Environ. Res.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 83
IS 4
BP 347
EP 357
DI 10.2175/106143010X12851009156006
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater
Biology; Water Resources
GA 744FI
UT WOS:000289079900006
PM 21553590
ER
PT J
AU Franson, JC
Hofmeister, EK
Collins, GH
Dusek, RJ
AF Franson, J. Christian
Hofmeister, Erik K.
Collins, Gail H.
Dusek, Robert J.
TI Short Report: Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Feral Horses on
Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, United States
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID ENCEPHALITIS
AB We screened 1,397 feral horses (Equas caballus) on Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, United States, for IgM and IgG against flavivirus during 2004-2006, 2008, and 2009. Positive serum samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). One animal was positive for antibody against WNV in 2004, but all others tested in 2004-2006 were negative. In 2008 and 2009, we found evidence of increasing seropositive horses with age, whereas seroprevalence of WNV decreased from 19% in 2008 to 7.2% in 2009. No horses were positive for antibody against SLEV. Being unvaccinated, feral horses can be useful for WNV surveillance.
C1 [Franson, J. Christian; Hofmeister, Erik K.; Dusek, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Collins, Gail H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakeview, OR USA.
RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM jfranson@usgs.gov; ehofmeister@usgs.gov; gail_collins@fws.gov;
rdusek@usgs.gov
OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 4
BP 637
EP 640
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0467
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 743MY
UT WOS:000289023600023
PM 21460023
ER
PT J
AU LaBeaud, AD
Cross, PC
Getz, WM
Glinka, A
King, CH
AF LaBeaud, A. Desiree
Cross, Paul C.
Getz, Wayne M.
Glinka, Allison
King, Charles H.
TI Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer)
Herds in Rural South Africa: Evidence of Interepidemic Transmission
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; SANDFLY FEVER; KENYA; EGYPT; PHLEBOVIRUS;
PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; RESERVOIR; WILDLIFE; DISEASE
AB Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging biodefense pathogen that poses significant threats to human and livestock health. To date, the interepidemic reservoirs of RVFV are not well defined. In a longitudinal survey of infectious diseases among African buffalo during 2000-2006, 550 buffalo were tested for antibodies against RVFV in 820 capture events in 302 georeferenced locations in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Overall, 115 buffalo (21%) were seropositive. Seroprevalence of RVFV was highest (32%) in the first study year, and decreased progressively in subsequent years, but had no detectable impact on survival. Nine (7%) of 126 resampled, initially seronegative animals sero-converted during periods outside any reported regional RVFV outbreaks. Seroconversions for RVFV were detected in significant temporal clusters during 2001-2003 and in 2004. These findings highlight the potential importance of wildlife as reservoirs for RVFV and interepidemic RVFV transmission in perpetuating regional RVFV transmission risk.
C1 [King, Charles H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[LaBeaud, A. Desiree] Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA.
[Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
[Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Glinka, Allison] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.
Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
RP King, CH (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Global Hlth & Dis, Sch Med, Wolstein Res Bldg,Room 4126,2103 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
EM alabeaud@chori.org; pcross@usgs.gov; getz@nature.berkeley.edu;
glinkallison@gmail.com; chk@cwru.edu
OI Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354; Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; King,
Charles/0000-0001-8349-9270
FU National Science Foundation-National Institute of Health Ecology of
Infectious Diseases [DEB-0090323]; National Institutes of Health
[U01A145473-S1, KL2RR024990]
FX This study was supported by National Science Foundation-National
Institute of Health Ecology of Infectious Diseases program (grant
DEB-0090323 to Wayne M. Getz) and the National Institutes of Health
(grants U01A145473-S1 to Charles H. King and KL2RR024990).
NR 30
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 4
BP 641
EP 646
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0187
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 743MY
UT WOS:000289023600024
PM 21460024
ER
PT J
AU Boswell, R
Collett, TS
AF Boswell, Ray
Collett, Timothy S.
TI Current perspectives on gas hydrate resources
SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; METHANE HYDRATE; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE;
WORLD OCEAN; SEDIMENTS; ENERGY; RIDGE; ACCUMULATIONS; CONSTRAINTS
AB For the past three decades, discussion of naturally-occurring gas hydrates has been framed by a series of assessments that indicate enormous global volumes of methane present within gas hydrate accumulations. At present, these estimates continue to range over several orders of magnitude, creating great uncertainty in assessing those two gas hydrate issues that relate most directly to resource volumes - gas hydrate's potential as an energy resource and its possible role in ongoing climate change. However, a series of recent field expeditions have provided new insights into the nature of gas hydrate occurrence; perhaps most notably, the understanding that gas hydrates occur in a wide variety of geologic settings and modes of occurrence. These fundamental differences - which include gas hydrate concentration, host lithology, distribution within the sediment matrix, burial depth, water depth, and many others - can now be incorporated into evaluations of gas hydrate energy resource and environmental issues. With regard to energy supply potential, field data combined with advanced numerical simulation have identified gas-hydrate-bearing sands as the most feasible initial targets for energy recovery. The first assessments of potential technically-recoverable resources are now occurring, enabling a preliminary estimate of ultimate global recoverable volumes on the order of similar to 3 x 10(13) m(3) (10(15) ft(3); similar to 15 GtC). Other occurrences, such as gas hydrate-filled fractures in clay-dominated reservoirs, may also become potential energy production targets in the future; but as yet, no production concept has been demonstrated. With regard to the climate implications of gas hydrate, an analogous partitioning of global resources to determine that portion most prone to dissociation during specific future warming scenarios is needed. At present, it appears that these two portions of total gas hydrate resources (those that are the most likely targets for gas extraction and those that are the most likely to respond in a meaningful way to climate change) will be largely exclusive, as those deposits that are the most amenable to production (the more deeply buried and localized accumulations) are also those that are the most poorly coupled to oceanic and atmospheric conditions.
C1 [Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA.
[Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Boswell, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA.
EM ray.boswell@netl.doe.gov; tcollett@usgs.gov
OI Boswell, Ray/0000-0002-3824-2967
NR 86
TC 171
Z9 177
U1 10
U2 124
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1754-5692
J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI
JI Energy Environ. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 4
BP 1206
EP 1215
DI 10.1039/c0ee00203h
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical;
Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 743EV
UT WOS:000289001400008
ER
PT J
AU Shuman, DA
Klumb, RA
Wilson, RH
Jaeger, ME
Haddix, T
Gardner, WM
Doyle, WJ
Horner, PT
Ruggles, M
Steffensen, KD
Stukel, S
Wanner, GA
AF Shuman, D. A.
Klumb, R. A.
Wilson, R. H.
Jaeger, M. E.
Haddix, T.
Gardner, W. M.
Doyle, W. J.
Horner, P. T.
Ruggles, M.
Steffensen, K. D.
Stukel, S.
Wanner, G. A.
TI Pallid sturgeon size structure, condition, and growth in the Missouri
River Basin
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-ALBUS;
MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SOUTH-DAKOTA; SURVIVAL; LENGTH; FISHES; AGE
AB We synthesized wild and stocked pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus capture data collected in four recovery areas of the Missouri River during 1998-2007, providing the first basin-wide analysis of size structure, growth, and condition. Proportional size distribution (PSD) values ranged from 20 to 33 and were indicative of past stockings given the continued lack of natural recruitment. A new weight-length regression derived from 2268 captured wild (8%), hatchery-stocked (75%), and unknown origin (16%) pallid sturgeon had a significantly lower slope and intercept from a previously published model that used only 214 wild fish and a truncated size range. Relative condition (K-n) declined after stocking throughout the basin but stabilized at 0.94 within 3 years. Spatially, K-n of juvenile pallid sturgeon (330 629 mm) was generally highest in the reaches of the Missouri River with large tributaries. In accordance with the latitudinal counter gradient growth hypothesis, similar absolute growth increments (both length and weight) of tagged age-1 pallid sturgeon in the Upper and Lower Missouri River indicated upstream fish grew at faster rates given the 1.3 fold difference in growing season length. From North to South, von Bertalanffy growth coefficients (k) showed a latitudinal increase while L-infinity decreased, providing additional support of the latitudinal counter gradient growth hypothesis. However, growth rates of tagged juvenile pallid sturgeon aged 2-6 years were highest at the two most downstream reaches showing an increased influence of growing season length. In the Missouri River, pallid sturgeon (<= ages 1-9 or 10 years) exhibited linear growth in the two most upstream reaches (Montana and North Dakota), exhibited logistic growth in the inter-reservoir reach in South Dakota/Nebraska while a power function best described growth downstream of the lowermost dam (Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri). Differing growth models among reaches highlights the confounding affect of habitat fragmentation by dams in the Missouri River on growth as well as potential latitudinal affects on sexual maturation. Relative condition and growth of pallid sturgeon appears adequate throughout the Missouri River indicating success of past stocking efforts to forestall extirpation.
C1 [Shuman, D. A.; Klumb, R. A.; Wanner, G. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA.
[Wilson, R. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missouri River Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Bismarck, ND USA.
[Jaeger, M. E.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Glendive, MT USA.
[Haddix, T.; Ruggles, M.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Ft Peck, MT USA.
[Gardner, W. M.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Lewistown, MT USA.
[Doyle, W. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Columbia, MO USA.
[Horner, P. T.] Missouri Dept Conservat, Missouri River Field Off, Chillicothe, MO USA.
[Steffensen, K. D.] Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Stukel, S.] S Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Yankton, SD USA.
RP Shuman, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 420 S Garfield Ave, Pierre, SD 57501 USA.
EM dane_shuman@fws.gov
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers; U. S. Geological Survey; U. S. Bureau of
Reclamation; Western Area Power Administration; Public Power and Light -
Montana
FX We would like to thank the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, U. S.
Geological Survey, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Western Area Power
Administration, and Public Power and Light - Montana for providing
financial assistance during the collection of data in addition to the
co-authors' respective agencies. We would also like to thank past and
current biologists and technicians, too many to mention, for field
assistance. Additionally, we thank P. J. Braaten and D. W. Willis for
reviewing early drafts of the manuscript and K. Grohs for map design.
NR 57
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PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 269
EP 281
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01645.x
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600020
ER
PT J
AU Wildhaber, ML
Holan, SH
Bryan, JL
Gladish, DW
Ellersieck, M
AF Wildhaber, M. L.
Holan, S. H.
Bryan, J. L.
Gladish, D. W.
Ellersieck, M.
TI Assessing power of large river fish monitoring programs to detect
population changes: the Missouri river sturgeon example
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; PALLID STURGEON; TRENDS
AB In 2003, the US Army Corps of Engineers initiated the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program (PSPAP) to monitor pallid sturgeon and the fish community of the Missouri River. The power analysis of PSPAP presented here was conducted to guide sampling design and effort decisions. The PSPAP sampling design has a nested structure with multiple gear subsamples within a river bend. Power analyses were based on a normal linear mixed model, using a mixed cell means approach, with variance estimates from the original data. It was found that, at current effort levels, at least 20 years for pallid and 10 years for shovelnose sturgeon is needed to detect a 5% annual decline. Modified bootstrap simulations suggest power estimates from the original data are conservative due to excessive zero fish counts. In general, the approach presented is applicable to a wide array of animal monitoring programs.
C1 [Wildhaber, M. L.; Bryan, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Holan, S. H.; Gladish, D. W.; Ellersieck, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM mwildhaber@usgs.gov
RI Gladish, Daniel/C-8814-2014; Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU US Army Corps of Engineers
FX The authors thank all the people that have been involved in the PSPAP
from which the data came and all the coordinators and data managers. We
also acknowledge the US Army Corps of Engineers as the funding agency.
Lastly, thanks to all who helped from the US Geological Survey, Columbia
Environmental Research Center.
NR 32
TC 1
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U1 0
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 282
EP 290
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01635.x
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600021
ER
PT J
AU Bonnot, TW
Wildhaber, ML
Millspaugh, JJ
DeLonay, AJ
Jacobson, RB
Bryan, JL
AF Bonnot, T. W.
Wildhaber, M. L.
Millspaugh, J. J.
DeLonay, A. J.
Jacobson, R. B.
Bryan, J. L.
TI Discrete choice modeling of shovelnose sturgeon habitat selection in the
Lower Missouri River
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID RESOURCE SELECTION; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER;
ALBUS
AB Substantive changes to physical habitat in the Lower Missouri River, resulting from intensive management, have been implicated in the decline of pallid (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose (S. platorynchus) sturgeon. To aid in habitat rehabilitation efforts, we evaluated habitat selection of gravid, female shovelnose sturgeon during the spawning season in two sections (lower and upper) of the Lower Missouri River in 2005 and in the upper section in 2007. We fit discrete choice models within an information theoretic framework to identify selection of means and variability in three components of physical habitat. Characterizing habitat within divisions around fish better explained selection than habitat values at the fish locations. In general, female shovelnose sturgeon were negatively associated with mean velocity between them and the bank and positively associated with variability in surrounding depths. For example, in the upper section in 2005, a 0.5 m s(-1) decrease in velocity within 10 m in the bank direction increased the relative probability of selection 70%. In the upper section fish also selected sites with surrounding structure in depth (e. g., change in relief). Differences in models between sections and years, which are reinforced by validation rates, suggest that changes in habitat due to geomorphology, hydrology, and their interactions over time need to be addressed when evaluating habitat selection. Because of the importance of variability in surrounding depths, these results support an emphasis on restoring channel complexity as an objective of habitat restoration for shovelnose sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River.
C1 [Bonnot, T. W.; Millspaugh, J. J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Wildhaber, M. L.; DeLonay, A. J.; Jacobson, R. B.; Bryan, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA.
RP Bonnot, TW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM BonnotT@missouri.edu
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yankton, South Dakota; U.S. Geological
Survey (USGS); University of Missouri; Missouri River Recovery -
Integrated Science Program
FX Funding and support for this study were provided by the Missouri River
Recovery - Integrated Science Program, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Yankton, South Dakota, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the University
of Missouri. Thanks to E. Little and C. Rittenhouse for comments and
contributions to this manuscript. We are grateful to the Nebraska Game
and Parks Commission for assistance in sampling and data collection, and
personnel within the River Studies Branch of the Columbia Environmental
Research Center, USGS; especially the sturgeon crew, data crew, and
habitat crew for their efforts in sampling and data processing. Special
thanks to Joanna Reuter and Kim Chojnacki for valuable input and
discussion during this analysis. Any use of trade, product, or firm
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the U.S. Government.
NR 39
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U1 0
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 291
EP 300
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01637.x
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600022
ER
PT J
AU Wildhaber, ML
Holan, SH
Davis, GM
Gladish, DW
DeLonay, AJ
Papoulias, DM
Sommerhauser, K
AF Wildhaber, M. L.
Holan, S. H.
Davis, G. M.
Gladish, D. W.
DeLonay, A. J.
Papoulias, D. M.
Sommerhauser, K.
TI Evaluating spawning migration patterns and predicting spawning success
of shovelnose sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID MOVEMENT PATTERNS
AB Approaches using telemetry, precise reproductive assessments, and surgically implanted data storage tags (DSTs) were used in combination with novel applications of analytical techniques for fish movement studies to describe patterns in migratory behavior and predict spawning success of gravid shovelnose sturgeon. From 2004 to 2007, over 300 gravid female shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) from the Lower Missouri River, that were expected to spawn in the year they were collected, were surgically implanted with transmitters and archival DSTs. Functional cluster modeling of telemetry data from the spawning season suggested two common migration patterns of gravid female shovelnose sturgeon. Fish implanted from 958 to 1181 river kilometer (rkm) from the mouth of the Missouri River (or northern portion of the Lower Missouri River within 354 rkm of the lowest Missouri River dam at rkm 1305) had one migration pattern. Of fish implanted from 209 to 402 rkm from the mouth of the Missouri River (or southern portion of the Lower Missouri River), half demonstrated a movement pattern similar to the northern fish while the other half demonstrated a migration pattern that covered more of the river. There was no apparent difference in migration patterns between successful and unsuccessful spawners. Multiple hypotheses exist to explain differences in migratory patterns among fish from different river reaches. Additional work is required to determine if observed differences are due to multiple adapted strategies, environmental alteration, and/or initial tagging date. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of DST data indicated that variation in depth usage patterns was consistently different between successful and unsuccessful spawners, as indicated by differences in likelihood of switching between high and low variability states. Analyses of DST data, and data collected at capture, were sufficient to predict 8 of 10 non-spawners/incomplete spawners and all 30 spawners in the absence of telemetry location data. Together, the results of these two separate analyses suggest that caution is necessary in extrapolating spawning success from broad-scale movement data alone. More direct measures of spawning success may be necessary to precisely determine spawning success and to evaluate the effects of management actions.
C1 [Wildhaber, M. L.; DeLonay, A. J.; Papoulias, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Holan, S. H.; Gladish, D. W.; Sommerhauser, K.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO USA.
[Davis, G. M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA.
RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM mwildhaber@usgs.gov
RI Gladish, Daniel/C-8814-2014; Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU US Geological Survey; US Army Corps of Engineers
FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey and the US Army
Corps of Engineers. We thank Janice Bryan and Kim Chojnacki (US
Geological Survey) for their help with database management. Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 18
TC 3
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U1 1
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 301
EP 308
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01663.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600023
ER
PT J
AU Duncan, MS
Wrege, BM
Parauka, FM
Isely, JJ
AF Duncan, M. S.
Wrege, B. M.
Parauka, F. M.
Isely, J. J.
TI Seasonal distribution of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in the pensacola bay
system, Florida
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER SYSTEM; SUWANNEE RIVER; HABITAT USE; MIGRATION
AB Temporal and spatial distributions of Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi were assessed in the Pensacola bay system, Florida, using stationary ultrasonic telemetry. Fifty-eight Gulf sturgeon were tagged within the Escambia (n = 26), Yellow (n = 8), Blackwater (n = 12) and Choctawhatchee Rivers (n = 12) in June, July, September and October, 2005. Fifty-four Gulf sturgeon were detected at least once during the study. Migration of sturgeon occurred throughout the bay system in fall, to various winter habitats in the Gulf of Mexico and Santa Rosa Sound. In spring, tagged sturgeon migrated back through the bay system to summer habitats in rivers. Based on the duration and number of detections, Gulf sturgeon primarily used the upper portions of East and Escambia Bays as migration routes in and out of all rivers during spring and summer and inhabited the lower portion of Pensacola Bay for longer durations in fall and winter. Specific areas within the Pensacola bay system were used in summer and winter that were not previously documented as essential sturgeon habitat. Areas in southeastern Pensacola Bay were heavily used during winter by a large portion of the population. Gulf sturgeon also exhibited long-term winter residency in Santa Rosa Sound for two consecutive years. An area in northeastern Escambia Bay supported Gulf sturgeon during the summer, which was unexpected and can not be explained by the data from this study. However, the discovery that Gulf sturgeon remain in the bay during the summer has important ecological and management implications that need further investigation.
C1 [Duncan, M. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
[Wrege, B. M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC USA.
[Parauka, F. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL USA.
[Isely, J. J.] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Clemson, SC USA.
RP Duncan, MS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
EM michelle.duncan@noaa.gov
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources;
NMFS Panama City Laboratory; United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Panama City field office
FX Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
Office of Protected Resources, NMFS Panama City Laboratory and the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service Panama City field office. We
would like to thank Dr. Stephania Bolden for providing funding and
support for this project. This project would not have been possible
without the help of Lisa Hollensead and Lynne Gray. Dive support was
provided by J. Brusher, J. Carlson, A. David, D. DeVries, C. Gardner and
S. Matthews and field and laboratory assistance was provided by B.
Jarvis, G. Landry, B. Sawyer, J. Deppen, A. Lemons, M. Witton, D.
Figueroa, C. Berry, M. Ribera, D. Bethea, J. Hamm and C. Williams. We
also thank Mike Nunley and Rick Combs of Eglin Air Force Base Natural
Resource Section for receiver and transmitter range tests. Cooperating
agencies of the South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research
Unit include the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina
Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University and the Wildlife
Management Institute. Constructive reviews were provided by Dr. Pete
Sheridan, Guy Davenport, Dr. Alex Chester and three anonymous reviewers.
NR 25
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U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 316
EP 321
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01724.x
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600025
ER
PT J
AU Wrege, BM
Duncan, MS
Isely, JJ
AF Wrege, B. M.
Duncan, M. S.
Isely, J. J.
TI Diel activity of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in a northwest Florida bay
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER SYSTEM; WHITE STURGEON; SUWANNEE RIVER; COLUMBIA
RIVER; HABITAT USE; MIGRATION; MOVEMENTS; ARRAY
AB In this paper, we assess patterns in activity of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi over a 24-h period in the Pensacola bay system, Florida. Although seasonal migration of sturgeon is well documented, little information is available pertaining to daily variation in activity. We surgically implanted 58 Gulf sturgeon with acoustic transmitters in the Escambia (n = 26), Yellow (n = 8), Blackwater (n = 12) and Choctawhatchee rivers (n = 12) in June, July, September and October 2005. Gulf sturgeon location was monitored using an array of 56 fixed-station acoustic receivers. The relationship between frequency of Gulf sturgeon observations recorded on all acoustic receivers and time of day for all seasons combined indicated a strong diel activity pattern. Gulf sturgeon were frequently detected at night in all seasons with the exception of summer. Consecutive hourly observations indicated lateral movement of Gulf sturgeon between independent acoustic receivers on 15% of all observations of individuals. The use of an acoustic receiver array not only provides continuous data within a defined area, but also provides insight into nocturnal behavior of Gulf sturgeon not previously identified.
C1 [Duncan, M. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
[Wrege, B. M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC USA.
[Isely, J. J.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC USA.
RP Duncan, MS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
EM michelle.duncan@noaa.gov
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources,
NMFS Panama City Laboratory; United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Panama City field office
FX Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
Office of Protected Resources, NMFS Panama City Laboratory and the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service Panama City field office. We
would like to thank Dr. Stephania Bolden for providing funding and
support for this project. This project would not have been possible
without the help of Frank Parauka, Lisa Hollensead and Lynne Gray. Dive
support was provided by John Brusher, John Carlson, Andy David, Doug
DeVries, Chris Gardner and Steve Matthews and field and laboratory
assistance was provided by Bob Jarvis, Greg Landry, Bo Sawyer, Joe
Deppen, Alisha Lemons, Megan Witton, Debbie Figueroa, Chris Berry, Marta
Ribera, Dana Bethea, Janice Hamm and Consuela Williams. We also thank
Mike Nunley and Rick Combs of Eglin Air Force Base Natural Resource
Section for receiver and transmitter range tests. Cooperating agencies
of the South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
include the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, South Carolina
Department of Natural Resources, Clemson University and the Wildlife
Management Institute. Constructive reviews were provided by Dr. Pete
Sheridan, Guy Davenport and three anonymous reviewers.
NR 28
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U1 0
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 322
EP 326
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01641.x
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600026
ER
PT J
AU Papoulias, DM
DeLonay, AJ
Annis, ML
Wildhaber, ML
Tillitt, DE
AF Papoulias, D. M.
DeLonay, A. J.
Annis, M. L.
Wildhaber, M. L.
Tillitt, D. E.
TI Characterization of environmental cues for initiation of reproductive
cycling and spawning in shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus
in the Lower Missouri River, USA
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WHITE STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY;
ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; HABITAT USE; TEMPERATURE;
MOVEMENTS; PREDICTABILITY; BREVIROSTRUM
AB We presume that the shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) has evolved to spawn in the springtime when environmental conditions are at some optimum, but this state has not yet been defined. In this study physiological readiness to spawn in shovelnose sturgeon was examined to define more closely when spawning could occur and thus identify and evaluate prevailing environmental conditions that could cue spawning during that period. Reproductive assessments of Lower Missouri River shovelnose during 4 years (2005-2008) and at two locations (Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota and Boonville, Missouri) were used to identify shovelnose sturgeon spawning periods. Initiation of the spawning period, as defined by the presence of reproductively ready fish, was a highly predictable yearly event and extended over several weeks at each reach. The spawning period occurred earlier in the lower reach than in the upper reach and environmental conditions during the periods varied between locations and among years. Shovelnose sturgeon collected during the presumed spawning periods were at varying degrees of readiness to spawn as indicated by oocyte polarization index and blood reproductive hormones. Evaluation of the influence of environmental factors on readiness to spawn using stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated photoperiod followed by temperature were the best candidate variables overall to explain the trend. However, within geographically distinct populations gravid females are not all reproductively synchronized. Assuming that this apparent asynchrony in readiness is normal and not an artifact of the disturbed Missouri River system, we infer that individual sturgeon can persist in a reproductively ready state until conditions appropriate for spawning occur. Taken together, our results lead us to hypothesize that gravid females early in the reproductive cycle (post-vitellogenesis) respond to day length, a reliable annual cue, become increasingly more ready to spawn in response to temperature, and that another set of cues, short-term and specific for localized environmental conditions or events, serve to signal ovulation and release of gametes.
C1 [Papoulias, D. M.; DeLonay, A. J.; Annis, M. L.; Wildhaber, M. L.; Tillitt, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP Papoulias, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM dpapoulias@usgs.gov
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Recovery; USGS
FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Missouri River Recovery - Integrated Science Program and the
USGS. Several agencies provided fishing support: CERC River Studies
field crew; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia Field Office;
Nebraska Game and Parks; and South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and
Parks. James Candrl, Vanessa Velez, Rachel Claunch, Diane Nicks, Janice
Bryan, Jeanne Heuser, and Emily Kunz provided technical support. The
manuscript was greatly improved by reviews from Dr. Patrick Braaten and
Dr. Robb Jacobson. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 45
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U1 1
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 335
EP 342
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01657.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600028
ER
PT J
AU Parauka, FM
Duncan, MS
Lang, PA
AF Parauka, F. M.
Duncan, M. S.
Lang, P. A.
TI Winter coastal movement of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon throughout northwest
Florida and southeast Alabama
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-DESOTOI; CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER SYSTEM; HABITAT USE;
SUWANNEE RIVER; MARINE MIGRATION; GREEN STURGEON; ESTUARINE
AB In order to characterize distribution of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in nearshore Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and compare distributions prior to and after hurricane activity, 187 Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) were tagged with acoustic transmitters in Ochlockonee, Apalachicola, Brothers, Choctawhatchee, Yellow, Blackwater and Escambia rivers to monitor marine movement along the GOM coastline from Florida (FL) to Alabama (AL). Nine juveniles (79-86 cm fork length, 3.4-5.2 kg), 22 sub-adults (91-126 cm fork length, 4.5-17.1 kg) and 156 adults (130-210 cm fork length, 14.9-75.2 kg) were tagged between 2003 and 2005 and acoustically monitored each year between January and April, 2004-2008. Of the 187 tagged Gulf sturgeon, 72 adults, one sub-adult and no juveniles were relocated in the GOM throughout the entire duration of monitoring between 2004 and 2008. Fish were relocated on average 1.5 km from shore in two very important foraging and over wintering areas, one of which is not currently protected under the critical habitat designation: Site A located geographically between Pensacola, FL and Gulf Shores, AL and Site B located between Mexico Beach, FL and Panama City Beach, FL. Sediment studies conducted concluded that substrate at Site A consisted of fine sand, shell and areas of silty mud and substrate at Site B consisted of shell hash and fine sand. Macro invertebrates, such as polychaetes: Hobsonia florida and Mediomastus ambiseta and mollusk: Ervillia concentric, all typical to the Gulf sturgeon diet, were present at both sites. Forty-three tagged adult Gulf sturgeon were relocated at Site A and 27 adults and one sub-adult were relocated at Site B, with two additional fish located in other areas. Individual fish movement in one direction ranged from 10 to 315 km each year. Several fish exited one river, over wintered in the GOM, and entered a different river. Identification of new, frequently used Gulf sturgeon habitat (Site A), outside of federally protected critical habitat, provided vital information that will aid in the future protection of coastal areas that support Gulf sturgeon during the winter and help with recovery efforts of the species.
C1 [Parauka, F. M.; Lang, P. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA.
[Duncan, M. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL USA.
RP Parauka, FM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA.
EM Frank_Parauka@fws.gov
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources,
NMFS Panama City Laboratory, United States Fish and Wildlife Service,
and Eglin Air Force Base Natural Resources Division; NMFS Office of
Protected Resources
FX Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
Office of Protected Resources, NMFS Panama City Laboratory, United
States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Eglin Air Force Base Natural
Resources Division. We would like to thank Dr. Stephania Bolden from the
NMFS Office of Protected Resources, for providing support for this
project. This project would not have been possible without the help of
field and office personnel from all agencies.
NR 37
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 343
EP 350
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01671.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600029
ER
PT J
AU Rapp, T
Shuman, DA
Graeb, BDS
Chipps, SR
Peters, EJ
AF Rapp, T.
Shuman, D. A.
Graeb, B. D. S.
Chipps, S. R.
Peters, E. J.
TI Diet composition and feeding patterns of adult shovelnose sturgeon
(Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) in the lower Platte River, Nebraska, USA
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID MISSOURI RIVER; GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BEHAVIOR; FOOD;
CHIRONOMIDAE; MOVEMENTS; STRATEGY; BIOLOGY
AB Two-hundred and seven adult shovelnose sturgeon ranging from 450 to 718 mm in length were sampled from June to October 2001 and May to July 2002 to determine diet composition and feeding patterns in the lower Platte River. Shovelnose sturgeon fed primarily upon aquatic insect larvae and nymphs (> 99% composition by number). Diptera of the family Chironomidae were the dominant prey items in both years and composed 98.1% of the shovelnose sturgeon diet in 2001 and 96.8% in 2002. Chironomidae were primarily represented by the four genera Paracladopelma, Chernovskiia, Saetheria and Robackia accounting for 90.2% of the ingested prey items in 2001 and 83.6% in 2002. In addition, shovelnose sturgeon showed in both years a generalized feeding pattern towards Ephemeroptera of the families Isonychiidae and Caenidae, as well as Trichoptera of the family Hydropsychidae. Other aquatic insects, terrestrial invertebrates and fishes were found infrequently and in low numbers in shovelnose sturgeon diets. The four most abundant Chironomidae genera are often found on sand and the high abundance of these taxa in the diet suggests that shovelnose sturgeon feed primarily near or on this substrate type. This highlights the importance of habitats that provide sand substrate for shovelnose sturgeon foraging in the lower Platte River.
C1 [Rapp, T.; Chipps, S. R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Shuman, D. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD USA.
[Peters, E. J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE USA.
RP Rapp, T (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 2140 B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM tobias.rapp@sdstate.edu
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU University of Nebraska School of Natural Resource Sciences, Nebraska
Game and Parks Commission; Nebraska Pallid Sturgeon - Sturgeon Chub Task
Force
FX Funding for field collections was provided by the University of Nebraska
School of Natural Resource Sciences, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission,
and the Nebraska Pallid Sturgeon - Sturgeon Chub Task Force. We thank J.
Olnes, R. Ruskamp, T. VanDenburg, and S. Kopf for assistance in the
field, W. Schreck for assistance with cartography and M. Brown, P.
Braaten and H. Schramm for comments on an early draft of this
manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 33
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PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 351
EP 355
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01743.x
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600030
ER
PT J
AU Erickson, DL
Kahnle, A
Millard, MJ
Mora, EA
Bryja, M
Higgs, A
Mohler, J
DuFour, M
Kenney, G
Sweka, J
Pikitch, EK
AF Erickson, D. L.
Kahnle, A.
Millard, M. J.
Mora, E. A.
Bryja, M.
Higgs, A.
Mohler, J.
DuFour, M.
Kenney, G.
Sweka, J.
Pikitch, E. K.
TI Use of pop-up satellite archival tags to identify oceanic-migratory
patterns for adult Atlantic Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus
Mitchell, 1815
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC;
CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MARINE MIGRATION; GREEN STURGEON; HABITAT USE;
NEW-YORK; MANAGEMENT; GEOLOCATION
AB Oceanic-migratory behavior of adult Atlantic Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, was examined using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSAT). Twenty-three Atlantic Sturgeons were caught and tagged with PSATs in the Hudson River, New York during 2006 and 2007. Fifteen of those fish returned to the ocean (with PSATs attached) 6-132 days after tagging. These PSATs remained attached to fish for a period of 108-360 days archiving light, temperature, and depth, before releasing from fish, ascending to the surface, and transmitting data to satellites. The location of PSATs was measured to within +/- 150 m by satellites using Doppler shift of radio transmissions within hours after tags reached the surface. Positions prior to pop up were initially estimated using only archived-light data and the tag manufacturers' proprietary software. Positional error associated with light-based estimates is high, especially with regard to latitude. This error was reduced by applying depth, distance, and temperature filters. Thirteen of the 15 Atlantic Sturgeons that left the Hudson River with PSATs attached remained within the Mid-Atlantic Bight for up to 1 year after tagging. Their geographic distributions generally extended from Long Island, New York to Chesapeake Bay at depths between 5 and 40 m. Aggregation areas were identified off southwest Long Island, along the New Jersey coast, off Delaware Bay, and off Chesapeake Bay. Depth distribution was seasonal; fish inhabited deepest waters during winter and shallowest waters during summer and early fall. Two Atlantic Sturgeons traveled outside of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. One migrated north to Cobequid Bay (terminal end of the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia), whereas the other traveled south to the coast of Georgia.
C1 [Erickson, D. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Erickson, D. L.; Bryja, M.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA.
[Kahnle, A.; Higgs, A.; DuFour, M.; Kenney, G.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Hudson River Fisheries Unit, New Paltz, NY USA.
[Millard, M. J.; Mohler, J.; Sweka, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA USA.
[Mora, E. A.] UC Santa Cruz, Joint Inst Marine Observat, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Pikitch, E. K.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Inst Ocean Conservat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Erickson, DL (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Program, 2040 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM daniel.l.erickson@state.or.us
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU Fish America Foundation; Hudson River Foundation; National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation; New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation; John Frederick Thye, Pamela M. Thye, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service - Northeast Fishery Center, University of Miami - Pew
Institute for Ocean Science; Wildlife Conservation Society
FX We thank the following for funding this research (alphabetical): Fish
America Foundation, the Hudson River Foundation, National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation, New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation - Hudson River Estuary Program, John Frederick Thye, Pamela
M. Thye, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Northeast Fishery Center,
University of Miami - Pew Institute for Ocean Science, and the Wildlife
Conservation Society. We thank all agency and university personnel and
volunteers who participated in this fieldwork. We appreciate assistance
provided by Frances Dunwell, Kathy Hatalla, and Daniel Miller (NYSDEC -
Hudson River Estuary Program). This manuscript was improved by helpful
comments from Dr. Harald Rosenthall and two anonymous reviewers.
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PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 356
EP 365
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01690.x
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600031
ER
PT J
AU Kynard, B
Pugh, D
Parker, T
Kieffer, M
AF Kynard, B.
Pugh, D.
Parker, T.
Kieffer, M.
TI Using a semi-natural stream to produce young sturgeons for conservation
stocking: maintaining natural selection during spawning and rearing
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID SHORTNOSE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; ONTOGENIC BEHAVIOR; CHINESE
STURGEON; RIVER; MIGRATION; SINENSIS
AB Young sturgeons used for conservation stocking are presently produced using the same methods used for commercial culture. To determine if young sturgeons could be produced without relaxing natural selection factors, we developed a semi-natural stream where we annually studied mating of wild shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) observed movement of gametes released freely during spawning, and estimated the number of larvae produced by various densities of spawned eggs. The stream had a bottom area of 18.8 m(2), a rubble-gravel bottom, and a mean bottom current at 0.6 depth during spawning of 48 cm s(-1) (range, 17-126 cm s(-1)). Wild adults successfully spawned in the stream each year for 7 years (2002-2008). Some females and males were more successful during spawning than others, suggesting an unequal fitness during spawning among wild individuals, which is different than the controlled spawning fitness of individuals in hatcheries. Male and female gametes spawned naturally must connect quickly in the fast current or fail, a selection factor absent in hatcheries. The number of larvae produced was inversely related to spawned egg density m(-2) (R-2 = 0.65) and the maximum number of larvae produced was 8000-16 000 (425-851 larvae m(-2) of bottom). Artificial spawning streams have the potential to contribute to sturgeon restoration.
C1 [Kynard, B.; Pugh, D.; Parker, T.] BK Riverfish LLC, Amherst, MA 01002 USA.
[Kynard, B.; Kieffer, M.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Amherst, MA USA.
RP Kynard, B (reprint author), BK Riverfish LLC, 28 Echo Hill Rd, Amherst, MA 01002 USA.
EM drboyd@nrc.umass.edu
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
NR 21
TC 3
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U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 420
EP 424
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01630.x
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600041
ER
PT J
AU Oldenburg, EW
Guy, CS
Cureton, ES
Webb, MAH
Gardner, WM
AF Oldenburg, E. W.
Guy, C. S.
Cureton, E. S.
Webb, M. A. H.
Gardner, W. M.
TI Effects of acclimation on poststocking dispersal and physiological
condition of age-1 pallid sturgeon
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; HABITAT USE; JUVENILE; PLASMA; PERFORMANCE;
MOVEMENTS; EXERCISE; CORTISOL; STRESS; FISHES
AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acclimation to flow and site-specific physicochemical water conditions on poststocking dispersal and physiological condition of age-1 hatchery-reared pallid sturgeon. Fish from three acclimation treatments were radio-tagged, released at two locations (Missouri River and Marias River), and monitored using passive telemetry stations. Marias treatment was acclimated to flow and site-specific physicochemical conditions, Bozeman treatment was acclimated to flow only, and controls had no acclimation (reared under traditional conservation propagation protocol). During both years, fish released in the Missouri River dispersed less than fish released in the Marias River. In 2005, Marias treatment dispersed less and nearly twice as many fish remained in the Missouri River reach as compared to control fish. In 2006, pallid sturgeon dispersed similarly among treatments and the number of fish remaining in the Missouri River reach was similar among all treatments. Differences in poststocking dispersal between years were related to fin curl which was present in all fish in 2005 and only 26% in 2006. Pallid sturgeon from all treatments in both years had a greater affinity for the lower reaches of the Missouri River than the upper reaches. Thus, release site influenced poststocking dispersal more than acclimation treatment. No difference was observed in relative growth rate among treatments. However, acclimation to flow (i.e., exercise conditioning) prevented fat accumulation from rupturing hepatocytes. Acclimation conditions used in this study did not benefit pallid sturgeon unless physiological maladies were present. Overriding all treatment effects was stocking location; thus, natural resource agencies need to consider stocking location carefully to reduce poststocking dispersal.
C1 [Guy, C. S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Management Program, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit,US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Cureton, E. S.; Webb, M. A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
[Gardner, W. M.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Pk, Lewistown, MT USA.
RP Oldenburg, EW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Mail Stop K6-85,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM eric.oldenburg@pnl.gov
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU MTFWP; PPL Montana; Western Area Power Administration; Montana Fish;
Wildlife and Parks; Montana State University; U.S. Geological Survey
FX The MTFWP, PPL Montana, and Western Area Power Administration provided
funding for this study. We thank Ross Epley, Amber Goodman, Brian
Bellgraph, Jim Boyd, Windy Davis, Jen Dodge, Paul Gerrity, Casey Jensen,
Ben Goodman, Eli McCord, Mike Meeuwig, Bob Oldenburg, Glenda Oldenburg,
Lek Oldenburg, Randy Rodencal, Mike Wente, Ryan White, and Dr. Alexander
Zale for assistance with this project; the entire staff of the BFTC for
facility and logistical contributions; Linda Beck for liver fat score
confirmation; and the Cornell family for their hospitality while in the
field. The Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly
sponsored by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Montana State University,
and the U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.
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PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 436
EP 443
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01651.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600044
ER
PT J
AU Trested, DG
Ware, K
Bakal, R
Isely, JJ
AF Trested, D. G.
Ware, K.
Bakal, R.
Isely, J. J.
TI Microhabitat use and seasonal movements of hatchery-reared and wild
shortnose sturgeon in the Savannah River, South Carolina -Georgia
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; ATLANTIC SALMON; HABITAT
USE; PALLID STURGEON; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; STRIPED BASS;
MIGRATION; POPULATIONS
AB Radio and acoustic telemetry were used to monitor the seasonal movement of hatchery-reared and wild shortnose sturgeon (622-927 mm total length) in the Savannah River. Diploid, and sterile hatchery-reared shortnose sturgeon, and wild shortnose sturgeon showed apparent similar seasonal patterns of movement within the river. We were unable to detect any significant differences in the seasonal mean river location, minimum daily distance moved, absolute distance moved, displacement or mean territory size among treatments. Fish moved throughout the brackish and freshwater interface area of the Savannah River during the summer months. Coinciding with decreasing fall temperatures, fish of all treatment groups moved downriver into brackish areas of the upper estuary, residing in the Front, Middle, and Back Rivers, where they remained through winter. Upriver movements of some hatchery-reared and wild groups began in early February as river temperatures began to increase. Shortnose sturgeon from each group selected apparent similar thermal, salinity and water depth conditions throughout the year. Hatchery-reared fish may be useful as surrogates for wild fish in behavioural studies. Triploid or surgically-sterilized fish may be used in situ behavioural studies where genetic contamination is a concern. It may be possible to monitor habitats used by released hatchery-reared fish to locate or verify remnant populations of rare or endangered species in systems where they are thought to be extirpated.
C1 [Trested, D. G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC USA.
[Ware, K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wadmalaw Isl, SC USA.
[Bakal, R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA USA.
[Isely, J. J.] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC USA.
RP Trested, DG (reprint author), Normandeau Associates Inc, 30 Int Dr,Suite 6, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA.
EM dtrested@normandeau.com
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey Biological
Resources Division
FX This study was funded through grants from U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division.
We thank J. Tomasso and B. Bridges for providing critical reviews of
this manuscript. Cooperating agencies for the South Carolina Cooperative
Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are the U. S. Geological Survey, U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Clemson University, the South Carolina
Department of Natural Resources, and the Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 47
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U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 454
EP 461
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01756.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600047
ER
PT J
AU Wildhaber, ML
DeLonay, AJ
Papoulias, DM
Galat, DL
Jacobson, RB
Simpkins, DG
Braaten, PJ
Korschgen, CE
Mac, MJ
AF Wildhaber, M. L.
DeLonay, A. J.
Papoulias, D. M.
Galat, D. L.
Jacobson, R. B.
Simpkins, D. G.
Braaten, P. J.
Korschgen, C. E.
Mac, M. J.
TI Identifying structural elements needed for development of a predictive
life-history model for pallid and shovelnose sturgeons
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID LOWER MISSOURI RIVER; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS; THREATENED FISHES;
MISSISSIPPI RIVER; POPULATIONS; LARVAL; FOOD; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS;
BEHAVIOR
AB Intensive management of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers has resulted in dramatic changes to the river systems and their biota. These changes have been implicated in the decline of the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), which has been listed as a United States federal endangered species. The sympatric shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) is more common and widespread but has also been in decline. The decline of pallid sturgeon is considered symptomatic of poor reproductive success and low or no recruitment. In order to organize information about these species and provide a basis for future development of a predictive model to help guide recovery efforts, we present an expert-vetted, conceptual life-history framework that incorporates the factors that affect reproduction, growth, and survival of shovelnose and pallid sturgeons.
C1 [Wildhaber, M. L.; DeLonay, A. J.; Papoulias, D. M.; Jacobson, R. B.; Braaten, P. J.; Korschgen, C. E.; Mac, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Galat, D. L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Columbia, MO USA.
[Simpkins, D. G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Ecol Serv Off, New Franken, WI USA.
RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM mwildhaber@usgs.gov
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU USACE
FX The authors thank everyone involved in the 2007 pallid sturgeon research
workshop (Bergman et al., 2008) who helped improve the original model
(Wildhaber et al., 2007). We also acknowledge USACE as the funding
agency.
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SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 462
EP 469
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01731.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600048
ER
PT J
AU Saarinen, EV
Flowers, JH
Pine, WE
Parauka, F
Austin, JD
AF Saarinen, E. V.
Flowers, J. H.
Pine, W. E., III
Parauka, F.
Austin, J. D.
TI Molecular kin estimation from eggs in the threatened Gulf sturgeon
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID GENETIC-MARKERS; ACIPENSER; OXYRINCHUS; SOFTWARE
C1 [Saarinen, E. V.; Pine, W. E., III; Austin, J. D.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Flowers, J. H.; Pine, W. E., III; Austin, J. D.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Parauka, F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City Field Off, Panama City, FL USA.
RP Austin, JD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM austinj@ufl.edu
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014;
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020; Austin, James/0000-0003-0643-8620
FU NOAA-NMFS Protected Resources Division, St. Petersburg, Florida
FX Assistance was provided by P. Butherus, M. Duncan, T. Hoehn, L. Jenkins,
J. Johansen, T. McCall, J. Osborne, D. Scollan, J. Timmons, and J.
Ziewitz. This project was funded by the NOAA-NMFS Protected Resources
Division, St. Petersburg, Florida.
NR 18
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U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
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PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 492
EP 495
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01652.x
PG 4
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600052
ER
PT J
AU Feng, G
Zhuang, P
Zhang, L
Kynard, B
Shi, X
Duan, M
Liu, J
Huang, X
AF Feng, G.
Zhuang, P.
Zhang, L.
Kynard, B.
Shi, X.
Duan, M.
Liu, J.
Huang, X.
TI Effect of anaesthetics MS-222 and clove oil on blood biochemical
parameters of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PLASMA-CORTISOL; TRICAINE
METHANESULFONATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; HANDLING STRESS; FISH;
METOMIDATE; EFFICACY; TSHAWYTSCHA
AB The effects of MS-222 and clove oil on blood biochemical parameters of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) were studied. MS-222 caused higher glucose (GLU) concentrations in anaesthetic test groups than for the control group. Triglyceride (TGL) concentrations of fish in the 140 and 160 mg L-1 groups were also significantly higher than those of other groups. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in the 140 mg L-1 group was significantly higher than the level in 80, 100 and 120 mg L-1 groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the 140 mg L-1 group was significantly higher than those in the 100 and 120 mg L-1 groups. Levels of total protein (TP), cholesterol (CHOL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in anaesthetic test groups were not significantly influenced by MS-222. Clove oil did not have significant effects on levels of GLU, TP, CHOL, ALT and ALP. TGL concentration of fish exposed to 180 mg L-1 clove oil was significantly higher than those of the rest anaesthetic groups. AST activities of fish exposed to 120, 150 and 180 mg L-1 were significantly higher than those of 60 and 90 mg L-1. Overall, TGL and AST could be potentially used as indicators of anaesthetic stress for juvenile Siberian sturgeon. Based on blood biochemical parameters, the appropriate anaesthetic concentrations of MS-222 and clove oil were 80-120 mg L-1 and 60-90 mg L-1, respectively. Clove oil was a promising alternative to MS-222.
C1 [Feng, G.; Zhuang, P.; Zhang, L.; Duan, M.; Liu, J.; Huang, X.] CAFS, E China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China.
[Kynard, B.] SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab USGS, Turners Falls, MA USA.
[Shi, X.] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Yichang, Peoples R China.
RP Zhuang, P (reprint author), CAFS, E China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China.
EM coolwindfgp@163.com; pzhuang@hotmail.com
RI DUAN, Ming/D-7189-2012; Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU East China Sea Fisheries Research Institut [2008M01, 2007M02]
FX The project was financially supported by the Special Research Fund for
the National Non-profit Institutes of China (East China Sea Fisheries
Research Institute, 2008M01, 2007M02). We thank two anonymous reviewers
provided valuable comments on drafts of this manuscript.
NR 41
TC 11
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U1 2
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 595
EP 599
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01711.x
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600073
ER
PT J
AU Matsche, MA
Bakal, RS
Rosemary, KM
AF Matsche, M. A.
Bakal, R. S.
Rosemary, K. M.
TI Use of laparoscopy to determine sex and reproductive status of shortnose
sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) and Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser
oxyrinchus oxyrinchus)
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; PALLID
STURGEON; WHITE STURGEON; NORTH-AMERICA; STAGE; ENDOSCOPY; MATURITY;
GENDER
AB Sex and reproductive maturity of Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon were determined by visual examination of the gonads using laparoscopy, and were validated by histological examination of gonadal biopsies. Surgical anesthesia was induced in all fish with 250 mg L-1 tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and maintained throughout procedures with 85 mg L-1 MS-222 on a mobile surgical cart. A pair of Ternamian EndoTip cannulae installed through the ventral body wall in each fish, allowed access for a 5-mm rigid laparoscope and biopsy forceps. Video endocamera use with the laparoscope, following air insufflation of the coelom, provided detailed, high quality imagery to aspirate the swim bladder, examine the gonad and collect biopsies without inducing iatrogenic trauma. Germinal tissue of all immature males, 25% of immature female shortnose sturgeon and 45% of immature female Atlantic sturgeon were concealed by fat preventing sex determination by visual assessment. Morphological features of gonads were used to determine sex in all remaining fish and were 100% in concordance with histological findings. Relative amount of gonadal fat; gonad size and color; presence of testicular lobes or ovarian lamellae; and color, size and density of oocytes were useful in determining reproductive stage. Gonad morphology of each reproductive stage was similar in Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon. All captive Atlantic sturgeon survived laparoscopy, gained weight at the same rate as unexamined fish and scars from incisions were no longer evident 9-12 months after surgery. Laparoscopic procedures presented here offer a safe and highly reliable way to determine sex and reproductive status for Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon.
C1 [Matsche, M. A.; Rosemary, K. M.] Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
[Bakal, R. S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC USA.
RP Matsche, MA (reprint author), Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
EM mmatsche@dnr.state.md.us
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2003-0206-002, 2006-0087-001];
Maryland Department of Natural Resources
FX This study was supported by grants from the National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation (#s 2003-0206-002 and 2006-0087-001) and from funding by
Maryland Department of Natural Resources. We wish to thank the numerous
staff members from the following fish hatcheries or programs that
contributed to fish maintenance and data collection for this project:
University of Maryland Center of Environmental Science, Aquaculture and
Ecology Restoration Laboratory; Mirant Chalk Point Aquaculture Center;
Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Restoration and Enhancement
Program; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Maryland Fisheries
Resource Office. We also thank Harold Brundage III, John O'Herron and
Pam Baker for shortnose sturgeon capture and data collection, and Judson
Blazek, Stuart Lehmann and Sue Tyler for histological preparation of
biopsies. This study was conducted under National Marine Fisheries
Service Scientific Research Permit #s 1486-03 and 1604.
NR 33
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U1 0
U2 13
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 627
EP 636
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01679.x
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600078
ER
PT J
AU Kappenman, KM
Toner, M
Illgen, J
Barrows, FT
AF Kappenman, K. M.
Toner, M.
Illgen, J.
Barrows, F. T.
TI The effect of diet on growth and survival of first feeding pallid
sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th International Symposium on Sturgeons
CY OCT 25-30, 2009
CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID WHITE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; LARVAE; TRIALS; JUVENILES;
CULTURE
AB The Pallid Sturgeon Recovery Program determined propagation of pallid sturgeon as necessary to recover the species. State and federal hatcheries are operating to achieve production goals but until recently those goals were not met. Hatchery mangers identified initiation of larvae to feed as the most critical rearing period and stated that mortality during this period can determine hatchery year class strength. The discontinuation of a commercial diet used at many hatcheries and the variety of diets used at other hatcheries exposed a need for information quantified through analytical research on the effects of different diets on survival and growth of larval pallid sturgeon. In 2007 we evaluated the effects of five diets [Corey High Pro and freeze dried Cyclop-eeze (FDC), Otohime (OTO), BioVita, BioVita and frozen Cyclop-eeze, BioVita and FDC] on larval survival and growth over 60 day. In 2008 we again evaluated five diets (OTO, OTO and FDC, OTO and freeze dried Artemia, OTO and live Artemia, and ARS experimental diet) for 30 day. In 2007, we determined a diet of OTO produced relatively high survival (54%) compared to other stand alone diets and found that supplementing BioVita with FDC improved survival (63%) compared to BioVita alone (14%). In 2008, we determined that OTO supplemented with FDC increased survival (92%) compared to OTO alone (72%). Information from this research may improve the efficiency of propagation by increasing survival and growth and may be beneficial to conservation propagation efforts directed at recovery of the species.
C1 [Kappenman, K. M.; Toner, M.; Illgen, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
[Barrows, F. T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA.
RP Kappenman, KM (reprint author), USFWS, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM kevin_kappenman@fws.gov
RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014
OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020
FU Western Area Power; USFWS
FX We thank Cal Fraser (BFTC-USFWS) for fish and Artemia culture. We are
grateful to Eli Cureton and Molly Webb (BFTC-USFWS), Mariah Talbot
(MSU), Mike Rhodes (MTFWP), Rob Holm (USFWS), Bob Snyder (MTFWP), and
the Upper Basin Pallid Sturgeon Recovery Workgroup (specifically the
broodstock collection field crews) for their participation in this
research. Suggestions from George Jordan (USFWS) and one anonymous
reviewer contributed to an improved final product. The funding for this
study was provided by Western Area Power and the USFWS.
NR 33
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U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0175-8659
EI 1439-0426
J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL
JI J. Appl. Ichthyol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 2
BP 755
EP 760
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01699.x
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 741LG
UT WOS:000288864600102
ER
PT J
AU Hughes, KLH
Masterlark, T
Mooney, WD
AF Hughes, Kristin L. H.
Masterlark, Timothy
Mooney, Walter D.
TI Pore-fluid migration and the timing of the 2005 M8.7 Nias earthquake
SO LITHOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; GPS MEASUREMENTS; COSEISMIC SLIP; STRESS;
RUPTURE; MODEL; ZONE
AB Two great earthquakes have occurred recently along the Sunda Trench, the 2004 M9.2 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and the 2005 M8.7 Nias earthquake. These earthquakes ruptured over 1600 km of adjacent crust within 3 mo of each other. We quantitatively present poroelastic deformation analyses suggesting that postseismic fluid flow and recovery induced by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake advanced the timing of the Nias earthquake. Simple back-slip simulations indicate that the megapascal (MPa)-scale pore-pressure recovery is equivalent to 7 yr of interseismic Coulomb stress accumulation near the Nias earthquake hypocenter, implying that pore-pressure recovery of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake advanced the timing of the Nias earthquake by similar to 7 yr. That is, in the absence of postseismic pore-pressure recovery, we predict that the Nias earthquake would have occurred in 2011 instead of 2005.
C1 [Hughes, Kristin L. H.; Masterlark, Timothy] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Hughes, KLH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, 201 7th Ave, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
EM klhhughes@gmail.com; masterlark@ua.edu; mooney@usgs.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX060F10G];
National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0911466]; W. Gary Hooks Endowed
Geology Fund
FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments and
suggestions. This work is supported in part by the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) under award NNX060F10G, National Science
Foundation (NSF) Geophysics grant EAR-0911466, and the W. Gary Hooks
Endowed Geology Fund. Academic licensing and technical support for
Abaqus software is provided by Simulia Inc., Dassault Systemes.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1941-8264
J9 LITHOSPHERE-US
JI Lithosphere
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 2
BP 170
EP 172
DI 10.1130/L109.1
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA 741FF
UT WOS:000288848000007
ER
PT J
AU Cappelle, J
Iverson, SA
Takekawa, JY
Newman, SH
Dodman, T
Gaidet, N
AF Cappelle, Julien
Iverson, Samuel A.
Takekawa, John Y.
Newman, Scott H.
Dodman, Tim
Gaidet, Nicolas
TI Implementing telemetry on new species in remote areas: recommendations
from a large-scale satellite tracking study of African waterfowl
SO OSTRICH
LA English
DT Article
ID H5N1 OUTBREAK AREAS; ATTACHED TRANSMITTERS; WILD MALLARDS; CANADA GEESE;
SURVIVAL; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTION; POPULATION; DUCKS
AB We provide recommendations for implementing telemetry studies on waterfowl on the basis of our experience in a tracking study conducted in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the study was to document movements by duck species identified as priority candidates for the potential spread of avian influenza. Our study design included both captive and field test components on four wild duck species (Garganey, Comb Duck, White-faced Duck and Fulvous Duck). We used our location data to evaluate marking success and determine when signal loss occurred. The captive study of eight ducks marked with non-working transmitters in a zoo in Montpellier, France, prior to fieldwork showed no evidence of adverse effects, and the harness design appeared to work well. The field study in Malawi, Nigeria and Mali started in 2007 on 2 February, 6 February and 14 February, and ended on 22 November 2007 (288 d), 20 January 2010 (1 079 d), and 3 November 2008 (628 d), respectively. The field study indicated that 38 of 47 (81%) of the platform transmitter terminals (PTTs) kept transmitting after initial deployment, and the transmitters provided 15 576 locations. Signal loss during the field study was attributed to three main causes: PTT loss, PTT failure and mortality (natural, human-caused and PTT-related). The PTT signal quality varied by geographic region, and interference caused signal loss in the Mediterranean Sea region. We recommend careful attention at the beginning of the study to determine the optimum timing of transmitter deployment and the number of transmitters to be deployed per species. These sample sizes should be calculated by taking into account region-specific causes of signal loss to ensure research objectives are met. These recommendations should be useful for researchers undertaking a satellite tracking program, especially when working in remote areas of Africa where logistics are difficult or with poorly-known species.
C1 [Cappelle, Julien; Gaidet, Nicolas] CIRAD, ES, Unite Rech Anim & Gest Integree Risques, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
[Iverson, Samuel A.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
[Newman, Scott H.] UN, Food & Agr Org, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, EMPRES Wildlife Unit,Anim Hlth Serv, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
[Dodman, Tim] Wetlands Int, NL-6700 AL Wageningen, Netherlands.
RP Cappelle, J (reprint author), CIRAD, ES, Unite Rech Anim & Gest Integree Risques, TA 30-E,Campus Int Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
EM julien.cappelle@cirad.fr
RI Gaidet, Niccolas/H-8122-2013
FU FAO (SH Newman) through the generous contributions of the Governments of
Sweden; United Kingdom of Great Britain; Northern Ireland, France;
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
FX This telemetry program has been coordinated and funded by the FAO (SH
Newman) through the generous contributions of the Governments of Sweden,
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, France and the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We thank J Domenech (FAO), J Lubroth (FAO) for
support of this large-scale disease ecology initiative, and the
permissions granted by national and local agencies in the participating
countries. We thank M Casazza and C Overton (USGS) for reviews of
earlier drafts, and we are grateful to the numerous ornithologists,
veterinarians, and volunteers who assisted and participated in field
operations. We thank Marie Gely for designing the map. We thank Le Zoo
du Lunaret, Montpellier, France, for hosting the captive study and
providing assistance in the surveillance of the captive ducks. The use
of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government or any
of the participating agencies.
NR 49
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U1 0
U2 14
PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD
PI GRAHAMSTOWN
PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA
SN 0030-6525
EI 1727-947X
J9 OSTRICH
JI Ostrich
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 1
BP 17
EP 26
AR PII 935025736
DI 10.2989/00306525.2011.556786
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 738WB
UT WOS:000288672200003
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, L
Finney, BP
Shapley, MD
AF Anderson, Lesleigh
Finney, Bruce P.
Shapley, Mark D.
TI Lake carbonate-delta O-18 records from the Yukon Territory, Canada:
Little Ice Age moisture variability and patterns
SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Little Ice Age; Stable isotopes; Lake sediment; Endogenic carbonate;
Yukon; Alaska; Northeast Pacific; Paleoclimate
ID CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; INTERIOR ALASKA; NORTH PACIFIC;
CARBON-CYCLE; SEDIMENTS; OXYGEN; TEMPERATURES; MINNESOTA; CENTURIES
AB A 1000-yr history of climate change in the central Yukon Territory, Canada, is inferred from sediment composition and isotope geochemistry from small, groundwater fed, Seven Mile Lake. Recent observations of lake-water delta O-18, lake level, river discharge, and climate variations, suggest that changes in regional effective moisture (precipitation minus evaporation) are reflected by the lake's hydrologic balance. The observations indicate that the lake is currently O-18-enriched by summer evaporation and that during years of increased precipitation, when groundwater inflow rates to the lake increase, lake-water delta O-18 values decrease. Past lake-water delta O-18 values are inferred from oxygen isotope ratios of fine-grained sedimentary endogenic carbonate. Variations in carbonate delta O-18, supplemented by those in carbonate and organic delta C-13, C/N ratios, and organic carbon, carbonate and biogenic silica accumulation rates, document changes in effective moisture at decadal time scales during the early Little Ice Age period to present. Results indicate that between similar to AD 1000 and 1600, effective moisture was higher than today. A shift to more arid climate conditions occurred after similar to AD 1650. The 19th and 20th centuries have been the driest of the past millennium. Temporal variations correspond with inferred shifts in summer evaporation from Marcella Lake delta O-18, a similarly small, stratified, alkaline lake located similar to 250 km to the southwest, suggesting that the combined reconstructions accurately document the regional paleoclimate of the east-central interior. Comparison with regional glacial activity suggests differing regional moisture patterns during early and late Little Ice Age advances. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Anderson, Lesleigh] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
[Finney, Bruce P.; Shapley, Mark D.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
RP Anderson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-980, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM land@usgs.gov; finney@isu.edu; shap0029@umn.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey Global Climate Program and Climate Effects
Network; Department of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts
Amherst; National Science Foundation [ATM-0097127, ARC-0909310]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Global Climate
Program and Climate Effects Network and by grants from the Department of
Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and the National
Science Foundation (ATM-0097127, ARC-0909310). We thank Andy
Breckenridge, Carol Ann Chapman, David Dettman, Chris Eastoe, Josh
Freeman, Brit Haugen, Andy Krumhardt, Joe Rogers, John Sweetman, Paul
Schuster, and Paul Wilkinson for laboratory and field assistance, and
Paco Van Sistine for GIS. Mark Abbott and Mary Edwards contributed
toward making this study possible, and two anonymous reviewers greatly
assisted improvements of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or
firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 51
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U1 0
U2 16
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0277-3791
J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV
JI Quat. Sci. Rev.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 7-8
BP 887
EP 898
DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.005
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 744XQ
UT WOS:000289128900010
ER
PT J
AU Boyles, JG
Cryan, PM
McCracken, GF
Kunz, TH
AF Boyles, Justin G.
Cryan, Paul M.
McCracken, Gary F.
Kunz, Thomas H.
TI Economic Importance of Bats in Agriculture
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; FREE-TAILED BATS; POLLINATION ECOLOGY; SOUTHERN
THAILAND; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; WIND TURBINES; BROWN BAT; HYPOTHESES;
FATALITIES; DISEASE
C1 [Boyles, Justin G.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
[Cryan, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[McCracken, Gary F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Boyles, JG (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
EM jgboyles@zoology.up.ac.za
RI Boyles, Justin/A-5152-2010;
OI McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103; Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894
NR 23
TC 133
Z9 142
U1 29
U2 269
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD APR 1
PY 2011
VL 332
IS 6025
BP 41
EP 42
DI 10.1126/science.1201366
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 743EJ
UT WOS:000289000000029
PM 21454775
ER
PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
Stapanian, MA
Witzel, LD
Einhouse, DW
Pothoven, SA
Whitford, HL
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
Stapanian, Martin A.
Witzel, Larry D.
Einhouse, Donald W.
Pothoven, Steven A.
Whitford, Heather L.
TI Evidence for predatory control of the invasive round goby
SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioenergetics modeling; Bottom trawl surveys; Burbot Lota lota; Invasive
species; Predatory control; Round goby Neogobius melanostomus
ID LOTA-LOTA POPULATION; WESTERN LAKE ERIE; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS;
BIOENERGETICS MODEL; PREY CONSUMPTION; GREAT-LAKES; BURBOT; MICHIGAN;
FISHES; GROWTH
AB We coupled bioenergetics modeling with bottom trawl survey results to evaluate the capacity of piscivorous fish in eastern Lake Erie to exert predatory control of the invading population of round goby Neogobius melanostomus. In the offshore (> 20 m deep) waters of eastern Lake Erie, burbot Lota lota is a native top predator, feeding on a suite of prey fishes. The round goby invaded eastern Lake Erie during the late 1990s, and round goby population size increased dramatically during 1999-2004. According to annual bottom trawl survey results, round goby abundance in offshore waters peaked in 2004, but then declined during 2004-2008. Coincidentally, round goby became an important component of burbot diet beginning in 2003. Using bottom trawling and gill netting, we estimated adult burbot abundance and age structure in eastern Lake Erie during 2007. Diet composition and energy density of eastern Lake Erie burbot were also determined during 2007. This information, along with estimates of burbot growth, burbot mortality, burbot water temperature regime, and energy densities of prey fish from the literature, were incorporated into a bioenergetics model application to estimate annual consumption of round goby by the adult burbot population. Results indicated that the adult burbot population in eastern Lake Erie annually consumed 1,361 metric tons of round goby. Based on the results of bottom trawling, we estimated the biomass of yearling and older round goby in offshore waters eastern Lake Erie during 2007-2008 to be 2,232 metric tons. Thus, the adult burbot population was feeding on round goby at an annual rate equal to 61% of the estimated round goby standing stock. We concluded that the burbot population had high potential to exert predatory control on round goby in offshore waters of eastern Lake Erie.
C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
[Witzel, Larry D.; Whitford, Heather L.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada.
[Einhouse, Donald W.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA.
[Pothoven, Steven A.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273; Pothoven,
Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422
FU Lake Erie Coldwater Task Group
FX This study would not have been possible without the support of the Lake
Erie Coldwater Task Group, including A. Cook, J. Fitzsimons, J. Francis,
K. Kayle, T. MacDougall, J. Markham, C. Murray, F. Neave, J. Slade, and
E. Trometer. We thank the technicians and crew of the USGS R/V Musky II
and the OMNR R/V Erie Explorer. D. Benion, D. Greenwood, K. Oldenburg,
J. Holuszko, R. Stickel, and G. Ives provided technical assistance. P.
Kocovsky, J. Savino, and D. Yule reviewed earlier versions of this
manuscript. This article is Contribution 1613 of the U. S. Geological
Survey Great Lakes Science Center.
NR 66
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Z9 23
U1 7
U2 55
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-3547
J9 BIOL INVASIONS
JI Biol. Invasions
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 4
BP 987
EP 1002
DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9884-7
PG 16
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 735VK
UT WOS:000288448400016
ER
PT J
AU Ringler, AT
Hutt, CR
Evans, JR
Sandoval, LD
AF Ringler, A. T.
Hutt, C. R.
Evans, J. R.
Sandoval, L. D.
TI A Comparison of Seismic Instrument Noise Coherence Analysis Techniques
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRA; SENSORS
AB The self-noise of a seismic instrument is a fundamental characteristic used to evaluate the quality of the instrument. It is important to be able to measure this self-noise robustly, to understand how differences among test configurations affect the tests, and to understand how different processing techniques and isolation methods (from nonseismic sources) can contribute to differences in results. We compare two popular coherence methods used for calculating incoherent noise, which is widely used as an estimate of instrument self-noise (incoherent noise and self-noise are not strictly identical but in observatory practice are approximately equivalent; Holcomb, 1989; Sleeman et al., 2006). Beyond directly comparing these two coherence methods on similar models of seismometers, we compare how small changes in test conditions can contribute to incoherent-noise estimates. These conditions include timing errors, signal-to-noise ratio changes (ratios between background noise and instrument incoherent noise), relative sensor locations, misalignment errors, processing techniques, and different configurations of sensor types.
C1 [Ringler, A. T.; Hutt, C. R.; Sandoval, L. D.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA.
[Evans, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Sandoval, L. D.] Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA.
RP Ringler, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA.
NR 23
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 2
BP 558
EP 567
DI 10.1785/0120100182
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 738NR
UT WOS:000288647000009
ER
PT J
AU Petersen, MD
Dawson, TE
Chen, R
Cao, TQ
Wills, CJ
Schwartz, DP
Frankel, AD
AF Petersen, Mark D.
Dawson, Timothy E.
Chen, Rui
Cao, Tianqing
Wills, Christopher J.
Schwartz, David P.
Frankel, Arthur D.
TI Fault Displacement Hazard for Strike-Slip Faults
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; SURFACE RUPTURE; POINT MEASUREMENTS; CALIFORNIA;
MAGNITUDE; TURKEY; LENGTH; AREA
AB In this paper we present a methodology, data, and regression equations for calculating the fault rupture hazard at sites near steeply dipping, strike-slip faults. We collected and digitized on-fault and off-fault displacement data for 9 global strike-slip earthquakes ranging from moment magnitude M 6.5 to M 7.6 and supplemented these with displacements from 13 global earthquakes compiled by Wesnousky (2008), who considers events up to M 7.9. Displacements on the primary fault fall off at the rupture ends and are often measured in meters, while displacements on secondary (off-fault) or distributed faults may measure a few centimeters up to more than a meter and decay with distance from the rupture. Probability of earthquake rupture is less than 15% for cells 200 m x 200 m and is less than 2% for 25 m x 25 m cells at distances greater than 200 m from the primary-fault rupture. Therefore, the hazard for off-fault ruptures is much lower than the hazard near the fault. Our data indicate that rupture displacements up to 35 cm can be triggered on adjacent faults at distances out to 10 km or more from the primary-fault rupture. An example calculation shows that, for an active fault which has repeated large earthquakes every few hundred years, fault rupture hazard analysis should be an important consideration in the design of structures or lifelines that are located near the principal fault, within about 150 m of well-mapped active faults with a simple trace and within 300 m of faults with poorly defined or complex traces.
C1 [Petersen, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Dawson, Timothy E.] Calif Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Chen, Rui; Wills, Christopher J.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
[Cao, Tianqing] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA.
[Schwartz, David P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Frankel, Arthur D.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98915 USA.
RP Petersen, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM mpetersen@usgs.gov
FU PEER Lifelines; USGS
FX We thank the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER
Lifelines project# 1J02, 1J02, and 1J03) advisory groups that assisted
us in the formulation and implementation of these results. The members
were Norm Abrahamson and Lloyd Cluff of Pacific Gas and Electric, Brian
Chiou and Cliff Roblee from the California Department of Transportation,
Bill Bryant from the CGS, Jon Bray from the University of California,
Berkeley, Tom Rockwell from San Diego State University, Donald Wells and
Bob Youngs from AMEC-Geomatrix, and Clarence Allen from the California
Institute of Technology. We also thank the PEER Lifelines and USGS
Earthquake Program which funded the studies. Nicolas Luco, Charles
Mueller, Stephen Harmsen, Patricia Thomas, Stephen Thompson, Ivan Wong,
and Melanie Walling reviewed the manuscript and provided helpful
suggestions for improving the paper.
NR 24
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 2
BP 805
EP 825
DI 10.1785/0120100035
PG 21
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 738NR
UT WOS:000288647000026
ER
PT J
AU Graves, RW
Aagaard, BT
AF Graves, Robert W.
Aagaard, Brad T.
TI Testing Long-Period Ground-Motion Simulations of Scenario Earthquakes
Using the M-w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah Mainshock: Evaluation of Finite-Fault
Rupture Characterization and 3D Seismic Velocity Models
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID BAND SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAMS; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; LOS-ANGELES BASIN;
SOURCE PARAMETERS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; PART II; CALIFORNIA; PREDICTION;
CRUST; FIELD
AB Using a suite of five hypothetical finite-fault rupture models, we test the ability of long-period (T > 2: 0 s) ground-motion simulations of scenario earthquakes to produce waveforms throughout southern California consistent with those recorded during the 4 April 2010 M-w 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. The hypothetical ruptures are generated using the methodology proposed by Graves and Pitarka (2010) and require, as inputs, only a general description of the fault location and geometry, event magnitude, and hypocenter, as would be done for a scenario event. For each rupture model, two Southern California Earthquake Center three-dimensional community seismic velocity models (CVM-4m and CVM-H62) are used, resulting in a total of 10 ground-motion simulations, which we compare with recorded ground motions. While the details of the motions vary across the simulations, the median levels match the observed peak ground velocities reasonably well, with the standard deviation of the residuals generally within 50% of the median. Simulations with the CVM-4m model yield somewhat lower variance than those with the CVM-H62 model. Both models tend to overpredict motions in the San Diego region and underpredict motions in the Mojave desert. Within the greater Los Angeles basin, the CVM-4m model generally matches the level of observed motions, whereas the CVM-H62 model tends to overpredict the motions, particularly in the southern portion of the basin. The variance in the peak velocity residuals is lowest for a rupture that has significant shallow slip (< 5 km depth), whereas the variance in the residuals is greatest for ruptures with large asperities below 10 km depth. Overall, these results are encouraging and provide confidence in the predictive capabilities of the simulation methodology, while also suggesting some regions in which the seismic velocity models may need improvement.
C1 [Graves, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Aagaard, Brad T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Graves, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
EM rwgraves@usgs.gov; baagaard@usgs.gov
RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013;
OI Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833
FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) under NSF [EAR-0623704,
OCI-0749313]
FX Constructive reviews provided by Dave Boore, Paul Spudich, Shuo Ma, and
Zhigang Peng were very helpful in revising the manuscript and making it
acceptable for publication. Partial support for this work was provided
by Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) under NSF grants
EAR-0623704 and OCI-0749313. The large-scale 3D finite-difference
simulations were run at the University of Southern California's Center
for High Performance Computing and Communications
(http://www.usc.edu/hpcc) under an agreement with the SCEC Community
Modeling Environment project. This is SCEC contribution 1457.
NR 44
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 14
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 2
BP 895
EP 907
DI 10.1785/0120100233
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 738NR
UT WOS:000288647000033
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, M
Lu, XG
Wang, HQ
Zou, YC
Wu, HT
AF Jiang Ming
Lu Xianguo
Wang Hongqing
Zou Yuanchun
Wu Haitao
TI Transfer and transformation of soil iron and implications for
hydrogeomorpholocial changes in Naoli River Catchment, Sanjiang Plain,
Northeast China
SO CHINESE GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE wetland soil; landscape position; hydrogeomorpholocial condition;
redoximorphic feature; iron
ID WATER-TABLE LEVELS; VERNAL POOL; ORGANIC-MATTER; COLOR PATTERNS;
INDICATORS; CALIFORNIA; REDUCTION; MANGANESE; WETLAND; INDIANA
AB Wetland soils are characterized by alternating redox process due to the fluctuation of waterlogged conditions. Iron is an important redox substance, and its transfer and transformation in the wetland ecosystem could be an effective indicator for the environment changes. In this paper, we selected the Naoli River catchment in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China as the study area to analyze the dynamics of transfer and transformation of soil iron, and the relationship between iron content change and environmental factors. The results show that the total and crystalline iron contents reach the peak in the depth of 60 cm in soil profile, while the amorphous iron content is higher in the topsoil. In the upper reaches, from the low to high landscape positions, the total and crystalline iron contents decrease from 62.98 g/kg to 41.61 g/kg, 22.82 g/kg to 10.53 g/kg respectively, while the amorphous iron content increases from 2.42 g/kg to 8.88 g/kg. Amorphous iron content has positive correlation with organic matter and soil water contents, while negative correlation with pH. Moreover, both the crystalline and amorphous iron contents present no correlation with total iron content, indicating that environmental factors play a more important role in the transfer and transformation of iron other than the content of the total iron. Different redoximorphic features were found along the soil profile due to the transfer and transformation of iron. E and B horizons of wetland soil in the study area have a matrix Chroma 2 or less, and all the soil types can meet the criteria of American hydric soil indicators except albic soil.
C1 [Jiang Ming; Lu Xianguo; Zou Yuanchun; Wu Haitao] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, NE Inst Geog & Agroecol, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China.
[Wang Hongqing] USGS, Natl Wetland Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Zou, YC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, NE Inst Geog & Agroecol, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China.
EM zouyc@neigae.ac.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40871049, 40830535,
40901051]
FX Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science
Foundation of China (No. 40871049, 40830535, 40901051)
NR 43
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 5
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1002-0063
J9 CHINESE GEOGR SCI
JI Chin. Geogr. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 2
BP 149
EP 158
DI 10.1007/s11769-011-0454-4
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 738SV
UT WOS:000288663400002
ER
PT J
AU Foley, J
Clifford, D
Castle, K
Cryan, P
Ostfeld, RS
AF Foley, Janet
Clifford, Deana
Castle, Kevin
Cryan, Paul
Ostfeld, Richard S.
TI Investigating and Managing the Rapid Emergence of White-Nose Syndrome, a
Novel, Fatal, Infectious Disease of Hibernating Bats
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE emerging infectious disease; extinction; fungal disease; enfermedad
fungica; enfermedad infecciosa emergente; extincion
ID GEOMYCES-PANNORUM; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; BROWN BATS; CONNECTIVITY;
POPULATION; AROUSALS; SPREAD; RABIES; MODEL; USA
AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fatal disease of bats that hibernate. The etiologic agent of WNS is the fungus Geomyces destructans, which infects the skin and wing membranes. Over 1 million bats in six species in eastern North America have died from WNS since 2006, and as a result several species of bats may become endangered or extinct. Information is lacking on the pathogenesis of G. destructans and WNS, WNS transmission and maintenance, individual and site factors that contribute to the probability of an outbreak of WNS, and spatial dynamics of WNS spread in North America. We considered how descriptive and analytical epidemiology could be used to fill these information gaps, including a four-step (modified) outbreak investigation, application of a set of criteria (Hill's) for assessing causation, compartment models of disease dynamics, and spatial modeling. We cataloged and critiqued adaptive-management options that have been either previously proposed for WNS or were helpful in addressing other emerging diseases of wild animals. These include an ongoing program of prospective surveillance of bats and hibernacula for WNS, treatment of individual bats, increasing population resistance to WNS (through vaccines, immunomodulators, or other methods), improving probability of survival from starvation and dehydration associated with WNS, modifying hibernacula environments to eliminate G. destructans, culling individuals or populations, controlling anthropogenic spread of WNS, conserving genetic diversity of bats, and educating the public about bats and bat conservation issues associated with WNS.
C1 [Foley, Janet] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Clifford, Deana] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Invest Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA.
[Clifford, Deana] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Castle, Kevin] Natl Pk Serv, Biol Resource Management Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
[Cryan, Paul] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Ostfeld, Richard S.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.
RP Foley, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM jefoley@ucdavis.edu
NR 48
TC 56
Z9 59
U1 18
U2 179
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
EI 1523-1739
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 2
BP 223
EP 231
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01638.x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 735ZT
UT WOS:000288460000005
PM 21284732
ER
PT J
AU Martin, J
Fackler, PL
Nichols, JD
Runge, MC
McIntyre, CL
Lubow, BL
McCluskie, MC
Schmutz, JA
AF Martin, Julien
Fackler, Paul L.
Nichols, James D.
Runge, Michael C.
McIntyre, Carol L.
Lubow, Bruce L.
McCluskie, Maggie C.
Schmutz, Joel A.
TI An Adaptive-Management Framework for Optimal Control of Hiking Near
Golden Eagle Nests in Denali National Park
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE fluctuating populations; human disturbance; multistate site occupancy
models; risk analysis; severe uncertainty; structured decision making;
analisis de riesgo; incertidumbre severa; modelos de ocupacion de sitios
con multiples estados; perturbacion humana; poblaciones fluctuantes;
toma de decisiones estructurada
ID RECREATION
AB Unintended effects of recreational activities in protected areas are of growing concern. We used an adaptive-management framework to develop guidelines for optimally managing hiking activities to maintain desired levels of territory occupancy and reproductive success of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Denali National Park (Alaska, U.S.A.). The management decision was to restrict human access (hikers) to particular nesting territories to reduce disturbance. The management objective was to minimize restrictions on hikers while maintaining reproductive performance of eagles above some specified level. We based our decision analysis on predictive models of site occupancy of eagles developed using a combination of expert opinion and data collected from 93 eagle territories over 20 years. The best predictive model showed that restricting human access to eagle territories had little effect on occupancy dynamics. However, when considering important sources of uncertainty in the models, including environmental stochasticity, imperfect detection of hares on which eagles prey, and model uncertainty, restricting access of territories to hikers improved eagle reproduction substantially. An adaptive management framework such as ours may help reduce uncertainty of the effects of hiking activities on Golden Eagles.
C1 [Martin, Julien] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Martin, Julien; Nichols, James D.; Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Martin, Julien] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Fackler, Paul L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[McIntyre, Carol L.; McCluskie, Maggie C.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
[Lubow, Bruce L.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Martin, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM julienm@ufl.edu
RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011
OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X
FU U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resource
FX We thank M. Eaton, B. Gardner, E. Fleishman, E. Main, M. McCarthy, T.
Martin, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on
earlier versions of this article. This work was supported by the U.S.
Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resource Program. We
are particularly grateful to P. Geissler for sponsoring and coordinating
funding for this research.
NR 20
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 6
U2 37
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 2
BP 316
EP 323
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01644.x
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 735ZT
UT WOS:000288460000015
PM 21342265
ER
PT J
AU Kery, M
Gardner, B
Stoeckle, T
Weber, D
Royle, JA
AF Kery, Marc
Gardner, Beth
Stoeckle, Tabea
Weber, Darius
Royle, J. Andrew
TI Use of Spatial Capture-Recapture Modeling and DNA Data to Estimate
Densities of Elusive Animals
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE density; GLMM; hierarchical model; population assessment; spatial
capture-recapture; WinBUGS; captura-recaptura espacial; densidad;
evaluacion poblacional; MLGM; modelo jerarquico; WinBUGS
ID INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; FELIS-SILVESTRIS;
POPULATION-SIZE; DOMESTIC CATS; CAMERA-TRAP; CONSERVATION; SWITZERLAND;
INFERENCE; BLACK
AB Assessment of abundance, survival, recruitment rates, and density (i.e., population assessment) is especially challenging for elusive species most in need of protection (e.g., rare carnivores). Individual identification methods, such as DNA sampling, provide ways of studying such species efficiently and noninvasively. Additionally, statistical methods that correct for undetected animals and account for locations where animals are captured are available to efficiently estimate density and other demographic parameters. We collected hair samples of European wildcat (Felis silvestris) from cheek-rub lure sticks, extracted DNA from the samples, and identified each animals' genotype. To estimate the density of wildcats, we used Bayesian inference in a spatial capture-recapture model. We used WinBUGS to fit a model that accounted for differences in detection probability among individuals and seasons and between two lure arrays. We detected 21 individual wildcats (including possible hybrids) 47 times. Wildcat density was estimated at 0.29/km2 (SE 0.06), and 95% of the activity of wildcats was estimated to occur within 1.83 km from their home-range center. Lures located systematically were associated with a greater number of detections than lures placed in a cell on the basis of expert opinion. Detection probability of individual cats was greatest in late March. Our model is a generalized linear mixed model; hence, it can be easily extended, for instance, to incorporate trap- and individual-level covariates. We believe that the combined use of noninvasive sampling techniques and spatial capture-recapture models will improve population assessments, especially for rare and elusive animals.
C1 [Kery, Marc] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CPA, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland.
[Gardner, Beth; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Stoeckle, Tabea] Univ Basel, Dept Environm Sci, Sect Conservat Biol, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
[Weber, Darius] Hintermann & Weber AG, Ecol Consultancy Planning & Res, CH-4153 Reinach, Switzerland.
RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CPA, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland.
EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch
FU Lotteriefonds Basel-Landschaft; Bundesamt fur Umwelt; Wildparkfonds
Wildpark Langenberg; B. Suhner-Stiftung
FX We thank N. Yoccoz, P. Lukacs, and M. McCarthy for valuable comments and
E. Fleishman and E. Main for rewriting an earlier draft of the paper
that was unclear. For help with field work, we thank C. Ackermann, U.
Ankli, A. Bischofberger, P. Bitterlin, R. Borer, S. Burki, P. Cueni, C.
Erb, H. Gschwind, H. Herzog, A. Hofer, S. Jeisy, R. Mendelin, M. Meyer,
E. Renz, T. Roth, M. Schneider, B. Schneitz, H. Sprecher, H. Stahli, N.
Stampfli, A. Stocklin, T. Tschopp, H. Wampfler, and D. Zopfi. We also
thank M. Herrmann, K. Hupe, E. Randi, and M. Trinzen, whose efforts
provided the inspiration for this study. Most of all, we are indebted to
M. Fernex who was the first to discover the population of wildcats we
studied. Financial support came from Lotteriefonds Basel-Landschaft,
Bundesamt fur Umwelt, Wildparkfonds Wildpark Langenberg, and B.
Suhner-Stiftung.
NR 47
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 5
U2 76
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
EI 1523-1739
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 2
BP 356
EP 364
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01616.x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 735ZT
UT WOS:000288460000020
PM 21166714
ER
PT J
AU Hansen, JD
Farrugia, TJ
Woodson, J
Laing, KJ
AF Hansen, John D.
Farrugia, Thomas J.
Woodson, James
Laing, Kerry J.
TI Description of an elasmobranch TCR coreceptor: CD8 alpha from Rhinobatos
productus
SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Teleost; CD8; Epigonal; IgNAR; Elasmobranch
ID CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; MHC CLASS-I;
T-CELL; RAINBOW-TROUT; CARTILAGINOUS FISH; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS;
LYMPHOID-TISSUES; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAINS
AB Cell-mediated immunity plays an essential role for the control and eradication of intracellular pathogens. To learn more about the evolutionary origins of the first signal (Signal 1) for T-cell activation, we cloned CD8 alpha from an elasmobranch. Rhinobatos productus. Similar to full-length CD8 alpha cDNAs from other vertebrates, Rhpr-CD8 alpha (1800 bp) encodes a 219 amino acid open reading frame composed of a signal peptide, an extracellular IgSF V domain and a stalk/hinge region followed by a well-conserved transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail. Overall, the mature Rhpr-CD8 alpha protein (201 aa) displays similar to 30% amino acid identity with mammalian CD8 alpha including absolute conservation of cysteine residues involved in the IgSf V domain fold and dimerization of CD8 alpha alpha and CD8 alpha beta. One prominent feature is the absence of the LCK association motif (CXC) that is needed for achieving signal 1 in tetrapods. Both elasmobranch and teleost CD8 alpha protein sequences possess a similar but distinctly different motif (CXH) in the cytoplasmic tail. The overall genomic structure of CD8 alpha has been conserved during the course of vertebrate evolution both for the number of exons and phase of splicing. Finally, quantitative RTPCR demonstrated that elasmobranch CD8 alpha is expressed in lymphoid-rich tissues similar to CD8 in other vertebrates. The results from this study indicate the existence of CD8 prior to the emergence of the gnathostomes (> 450 MYA) while providing evidence that the canonical LCK association motif in mammals is likely a derived characteristic of tetrapod CD8 alpha, suggesting potential differences for T-cell education and activation in the various gnathostomes. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Hansen, John D.; Woodson, James] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Farrugia, Thomas J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA.
[Laing, Kerry J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Div, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM jhansen@usgs.gov
RI Laing, Kerry/C-2211-2008
OI Laing, Kerry/0000-0001-9245-5325
NR 58
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0145-305X
J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL
JI Dev. Comp. Immunol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 35
IS 4
BP 452
EP 460
DI 10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.014
PG 9
WC Immunology; Zoology
SC Immunology; Zoology
GA 740UL
UT WOS:000288819800006
PM 21110999
ER
PT J
AU Meeuwig, MH
Guy, CS
Fredenberg, WA
AF Meeuwig, Michael H.
Guy, Christopher S.
Fredenberg, Wade A.
TI Use of cover habitat by bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus, and lake
trout, Salvelinus namaycush, in a laboratory environment
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Bull trout; Lake trout; Cover habitat; Competition; Nonnative species
ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS;
MICROHABITAT USE; BROOK TROUT; STREAM; MONTANA; WINTER; POPULATION;
BEHAVIOR
AB Lacustrine-adfluvial bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus, migrate from spawning and rearing streams to lacustrine environments as early as age 0. Within lacustrine environments, cover habitat provides refuge from potential predators and is a resource that is competed for if limiting. Competitive interactions between bull trout and other species could result in bull trout being displaced from cover habitat, and bull trout may lack evolutionary adaptations to compete with introduced species, such as lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush. A laboratory experiment was performed to examine habitat use and interactions for cover by juvenile (i.e., < 80 mm total length) bull trout and lake trout. Differences were observed between bull trout and lake trout in the proportion of time using cover (F (1,22.6) = 20.08, P < 0.001) and bottom (F (1,23.7) = 37.01, P < 0.001) habitat, with bull trout using cover and bottom habitats more than lake trout. Habitat selection ratios indicated that bull trout avoided water column habitat in the presence of lake trout and that lake trout avoided bottom habitat. Intraspecific and interspecific agonistic interactions were infrequent, but approximately 10 times greater for intraspecific interactions between lake trout. Results from this study provide little evidence that juvenile bull trout and lake trout compete for cover, and that species-specific differences in habitat use and selection likely result in habitat partitioning between these species.
C1 [Meeuwig, Michael H.; Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Fredenberg, Wade A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Fish & Wildlife Ctr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA.
RP Meeuwig, MH (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Mail Stop 315, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
EM meeuwig@gmail.com
FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Experimental facilities were provided by
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Major logistical support was
provided by M. Maskill. Fish culture and laboratory assistance were
provided by D. Bermel, D. Edsall, G. Holmes, M. Maskill, and J. Till. J.
Alexander, K. Gates, A. Hansen, S. Kalinowski, T. McMahon, and four
anonymous reviewers provided critical comments on an early draft of this
manuscript. Use of trade or firm names in this document is for reader
information only and does not constitute endorsement of a product or
service by the U.S. Government.
NR 54
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 90
IS 4
BP 367
EP 378
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9747-1
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 736RU
UT WOS:000288512600004
ER
PT J
AU Hoffman, DJ
Eagles-Smith, CA
Ackerman, JT
Adelsbach, TL
Stebbins, KR
AF Hoffman, David J.
Eagles-Smith, Collin A.
Ackerman, Joshua T.
Adelsbach, Terrence L.
Stebbins, Katherine R.
TI OXIDATIVE STRESS RESPONSE OF FORSTER'S TERNS (STERNA FORSTERI) AND
CASPIAN TERNS (HYDROPROGNE CASPIA) TO MERCURY AND SELENIUM
BIOACCUMULATION IN LIVER, KIDNEY, AND BRAIN
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Oxidative stress; Terns; Mercury; San Francisco Bay; Selenium
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; LOWER CARSON RIVER; LOONS GAVIA-IMMER; COMMON LOONS;
GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; AQUATIC BIRDS; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; LAHONTAN
RESERVOIR; MALLARD DUCKS; GREAT EGRETS
AB Bioindicators of oxidative stress were examined in prebreeding and breeding adult and chick Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) and in prebreeding adult Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) in San Francisco Bay, California. Highest total mercury (THg) concentrations (mean +/- standard error; mu g/g dry wt) in liver (17.7 +/- 1.7), kidney (20.5 +/- 1.9), and brain (3.0 +/- 0.3) occurred in breeding adult Forster's terns. The THg concentrations in liver were significantly correlated with hepatic depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG):GSH ratio, and decreased hepatic gamma-glutamyl transferase (GOT) activity in adults of both tern species. Prefledging Forster's tern chicks with one-fourth the hepatic THg concentration of breeding adults exhibited effects similar to adults. Total mercury-related renal GSSG increased in adults and chicks. In brains of prebreeding adults, THg was correlated with a small increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity, suggestive of a compensatory response. Brain THg concentrations were highest in breeding adult Forster's terns and brain tissue exhibited increased lipid peroxidation as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, loss of protein bound thiols (PBSH), and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, GSSG reductase (GSSGrd), and G-6-PDH. In brains of Forster's tern chicks there was a decrease in total reduced thiols and PBSH. Multiple indicator responses also pointed to greater oxidative stress in breeding Forster's terns relative to prebreeding terns, attributable to the physiological stress of reproduction. Some biondicators also were related to age and species, including thiol concentrations. Enzymes GGT, G-6-PDH, and GSSGred activities were related to species. Our results indicate that THg concentrations induced oxidative stress in terns, and suggest that histopathological, immunological, and behavioral effects may occur in terns as reported in other species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:920-929. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Hoffman, David J.; Stebbins, Katherine R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA.
[Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Davis, CA USA.
[Adelsbach, Terrence L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA.
RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA.
EM david_hoffman@usgs.gov
RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012;
OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285
FU California Bay-Delta Authority [ERP-02D-C12]
FX This research was funded by the California Bay-Delta Authority Ecosystem
Restoration Program (grant number ERP-02D-C12). We thank Robin Keister,
Sarah Stoner-Duncan, John Henderson, Cathy Johnson, Steve Detwiler, and
Jill Bluso for field and lab support. The staff of the Don Edwards San
Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, the staff of the Eden Landing
Ecological Reserve, the staff of the Napa-Sonoma Marsh Wildlife Area,
Cheryl Strong, Mark Herzog, Nicole Athearn, John Takekawa, A. Keith
Miles, and Tom Maurer provided logistical support. We also thank Nelson
Beyer and Gary Heinz for providing constructive reviews. Use of trade or
product names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 51
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U1 2
U2 48
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 4
BP 920
EP 929
DI 10.1002/etc.459
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 737TP
UT WOS:000288591400020
PM 21194179
ER
PT J
AU Mwangi, JN
Wang, N
Ritts, A
Kunz, JL
Ingersoll, CG
Li, H
Deng, BL
AF Mwangi, Joseph N.
Wang, Ning
Ritts, Andrew
Kunz, James L.
Ingersoll, Christopher G.
Li, Hao
Deng, Baolin
TI TOXICITY OF SILICON CARBIDE NANOWIRES TO SEDIMENT-DWELLING INVERTEBRATES
IN WATER OR SEDIMENT EXPOSURES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Silicon carbide nanowires; Nanomaterials; Sediment; Toxicity;
Invertebrates
ID SIC NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOMATERIALS; EMISSION PROPERTIES;
HYALELLA-AZTECA; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; ARC-DISCHARGE; IN-VITRO; NANOPARTICLES;
NANOTUBES; GROWTH
AB Silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNW) are insoluble in water. When released into an aquatic environment, SiCNW would likely accumulate in sediment. The objective of this study was to assess the toxicity of SiCNW to four freshwater sediment-dwelling organisms: amphipods (Hyalella azteca), midges (Chironomus dilutus), oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus), and mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea). Amphipods were exposed to either sonicated or nonsonicated SiCNW in water (1.0 g/L) for 48h. Midges, mussels, and oligochaetes were exposed only to sonicated SiCNW in water for 96h. In addition, amphipods were exposed to sonicated SiCNW in whole sediment for 10 d (44% SiCNW on dry wt basis). Mean 48-h survival of amphipods exposed to nonsonicated SiCNW in water was not significantly different from the control, whereas mean survival of amphipods exposed to sonicated SiCNW in two 48-h exposures (0 or 15% survival) was significantly different from the control (90 or 98% survival). In contrast, no effect of sonicated SiCNW was. observed on survival of midges, mussels, or oligochaetes. Survival of amphipods was not significantly reduced in 10-d exposures to. sonicated SiCNW either mixed in the sediment or layered on the sediment surface. However, significant reduction in amphipod biomass was observed with the SiCNW either mixed in sediment or layered on the sediment surface, and the reduction was more pronounced for SiCNW layered on the sediment. These results indicated that, under the experimental conditions, nonsonicated SiCNW in water were not acutely toxic to amphipods, sonicated SiCNW in water were acutely toxic to the amphipods, but not to other organisms tested, and sonicated SiCNW in sediment affected the growth but not the survival of amphipods. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:981-987. (C) 2011 SETAC
C1 [Mwangi, Joseph N.; Deng, Baolin] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Mwangi, Joseph N.; Wang, Ning; Kunz, James L.; Ingersoll, Christopher G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA.
RP Deng, BL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM dengb@missouri.edu
OI Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR; National Science Foundation
[CMMI-0620906]; Missouri Alliance for Graduate Education and
Professoriate Fellowship; U.S. Department of Education; U.S. EPA [RD
83331601-0]
FX We thank D. Hardesty, E. Brunson, C. Ivey, D. Whites, B. Braumbaugh, T.
Quinn, J. Tanner, L. Beamer, L. Russ, J. Hinck, and B. Williams for
their assistance in various ways. Support for this research was provided
in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR program,
National Science Foundation (CMMI-0620906), Missouri Alliance for
Graduate Education and Professoriate Fellowship to J.N. Mwangi, and U.S.
Department of Education Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need
Fellowship to A. Ritts. Although the research described in this article
has been funded in part by the U.S. EPA through grant/cooperative
agreement RD 83331601-0 to the University of Missouri, it has not been
subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore
does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official
endorsement should be inferred. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.
NR 45
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 4
BP 981
EP 987
DI 10.1002/etc.467
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 737TP
UT WOS:000288591400027
PM 21305577
ER
PT J
AU Belcher, CN
Jennings, CA
AF Belcher, C. N.
Jennings, C. A.
TI Identification and evaluation of shark bycatch in Georgia's commercial
shrimp trawl fishery with implications for management
SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic sharpnose shark; bycatch reduction device; fishery-dependent
sampling; penaeid shrimp fishery; Southeastern US; turtle excluder
device
ID ELASMOBRANCHS
AB P>Many US states have recreational and commercial fisheries that occur in nursery areas occupied by subadult sharks and can potentially affect their survival. Georgia is one of few US states without a directed commercial shark fishery, but the state has a large, nearshore penaeid shrimp trawl fishery in which small sharks occur as bycatch. During our 1995-1998 investigation of bycatch in fishery-dependent sampling events, 34% of 127 trawls contained sharks. This bycatch totalled 217 individuals from six species, with Atlantic sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Richardson), the most common and finetooth shark, Carcharhinus isodon (Muller & Henle) and spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna (Muller & Henle), the least common. The highest catch rates for sharks occurred during June and July and coincided with the peak months of the pupping season for many species. Trawl tow speed and tow time did not significantly influence catch rates for shark species. Gear configurations [net type, turtle excluder device (TED), bycatch reduction device] affected catch rates for shark species. Results of this study indicate gear restrictions, a delayed season opening, or reduced bar spacing on TEDs may reduce shark bycatch in this fishery.
C1 [Belcher, C. N.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Coastal Resources Div, Marine Fisheries Sect, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA.
[Jennings, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA USA.
RP Belcher, CN (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Coastal Resources Div, Marine Fisheries Sect, 1 Conservat Way,Suite 300, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA.
EM carolyn_belcher@dnr.state.ga.us
FU GADNR; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, NMFS; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service; University of Georgia and the Wildlife Management Institute
FX Dominic Guadagnoli and Alex Ottley were the two marine technicians
responsible for the data collection and management associated with this
project. Funding for this project was administered by the GADNR and was
conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NMFS and financed under the
Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act. Robert Cooper,
Gary Grossman, and Randy Walker provided useful comments to an earlier
draft of this manuscript. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit is sponsored jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey, the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, GADNR, the University of Georgia and the
Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0969-997X
J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL
JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 18
IS 2
BP 104
EP 112
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2010.00757.x
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 737CK
UT WOS:000288545900002
ER
PT J
AU Das, A
Battles, J
Stephenson, NL
van Mantgem, PJ
AF Das, Adrian
Battles, John
Stephenson, Nathan L.
van Mantgem, Phillip J.
TI The contribution of competition to tree mortality in old-growth
coniferous forests
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Spatial pattern; Tree mortality; Competition; Tree demography;
Neighborhood analysis
ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; NEIGHBORHOOD ANALYSIS;
TROPICAL FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; GAP MODELS; DYNAMICS;
STANDS; RATES
AB Competition is a well-documented contributor to tree mortality in temperate forests, with numerous studies documenting a relationship between tree death and the competitive environment. Models frequently rely on competition as the only non-random mechanism affecting tree mortality. However, for mature forests, competition may cease to be the primary driver of mortality.
We use a large, long-term dataset to study the importance of competition in determining tree mortality in old-growth forests on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada of California, U.S.A. We make use of the comparative spatial configuration of dead and live trees, changes in tree spatial pattern through time, and field assessments of contributors to an individual tree's death to quantify competitive effects.
Competition was apparently a significant contributor to tree mortality in these forests. Trees that died tended to be in more competitive environments than trees that survived, and suppression frequently appeared as a factor contributing to mortality. On the other hand, based on spatial pattern analyses, only three of 14 plots demonstrated compelling evidence that competition was dominating mortality. Most of the rest of the plots fell within the expectation for random mortality, and three fit neither the random nor the competition model. These results suggest that while competition is often playing a significant role in tree mortality processes in these forests it only infrequently governs those processes. In addition, the field assessments indicated a substantial presence of biotic mortality agents in trees that died.
While competition is almost certainly important, demographics in these forests cannot accurately be characterized without a better grasp of other mortality processes. In particular, we likely need a better understanding of biotic agents and their interactions with one another and with competition. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Das, Adrian; Battles, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Das, Adrian; Stephenson, Nathan L.] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
[van Mantgem, Phillip J.] USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Das, A (reprint author), USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
EM adas@usgs.gov; jbattles@berkeley.edu; nstephenson@usgs.gov;
pvanmantgem@usgs.gov
RI Battles, John/G-8233-2012
OI Battles, John/0000-0001-7124-7893
FU USDA CREES Exotic/Invasive Pests; Disease Research Program; California
Agricultural Experiment Station; Western Mountain Initiative; USGS; U.S.
National Park Service
FX We thank the many people who conducted the annual mortality checks in
these plots, and the many U.S. National Park Service employees who have
facilitated this work. We also thank Craig Allen, Karen Phillips, Jan
van Wagtendonk, Julie Yee, and several anonymous reviewers for their
valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by grants from
the USDA CREES Exotic/Invasive Pests and Disease Research Program, the
California Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Western Mountain
Initiative, a USGS global change research project. The forest plot
network was funded through various awards through the U.S. National Park
Service and U.S. Geological Survey. Any use of trade names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 65
TC 42
Z9 44
U1 7
U2 60
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD APR 1
PY 2011
VL 261
IS 7
BP 1203
EP 1213
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.035
PG 11
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 740UA
UT WOS:000288818700007
ER
PT J
AU Nesmith, JCB
Caprio, AC
Pfaff, AH
McGinnis, TW
Keeley, JE
AF Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.
Caprio, Anthony C.
Pfaff, Anne H.
McGinnis, Thomas W.
Keeley, Jon E.
TI A comparison of effects from prescribed fires and wildfires managed for
resource objectives in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Burn severity; Prescribed fire; Wildfire; Mixed-conifer; GLMM
ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; NEVADA WILDERNESS AREAS; SIERRA-NEVADA; ECOLOGICAL
RESTORATION; FUEL REDUCTION; CALIFORNIA; USA; LANDSCAPE; PONDEROSA;
REGIMES
AB Current goals for prescription burning are focused on measures of fuel consumption and changes in forest density. These benchmarks, however, do not address the extent to which prescription burning meets perceived ecosystem needs of heterogeneity in burning, both for overstory trees and understory herbs and shrubs. There are still questions about how closely prescribed fires mimic these patterns compared to natural wildfires. This study compared burn patterns of prescribed fires and managed unplanned wildfires to understand how the differing burning regimes affect ecosystem properties. Measures of forest structure and fire severity were sampled in three recent prescribed fires and three wildfires managed for resource objectives in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Fine scale patterns of fire severity and heterogeneity were compared between fire types using ground-based measures of fire effects on fuels and overstory and understory vegetation. Prescribed fires and wildfires managed for resource objectives displayed similar patterns of overstory and understory fire severity, heterogeneity, and seedling and sapling survival. Variation among plots within the same fire was always greater than between fire types. Prescribed fires can provide burned landscapes that approximate natural fires in many ways. It is recognized that constraints placed on when wildfires managed for resource objectives are allowed to burn freely may bias the range of conditions that might have been experienced under more natural conditions. Therefore they may not exactly mimic natural wildfires. Overall, the similarity in fire effects that we observed between prescribed fires and managed wildfires indicate that despite the restrictions that are often placed on prescribed fires, they appear to be creating post-fire conditions that approximate natural fires when assessed on a fine spatial scale. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Caprio, Anthony C.] Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
[Pfaff, Anne H.; McGinnis, Thomas W.; Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
RP Nesmith, JCB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jnesmith@berkeley.edu
FU National Interagency Fire Center in Boise, Idaho
FX We would like to thank Christine Shook, Tynan Granberg, and Graydon Dill
for help with data collection and sampling design. Rob Klinger, Phillip
van Mantgem, Julie Yee, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful
comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this project
was provided by the National Park Service Reserve Funds from the
National Interagency Fire Center in Boise, Idaho. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
NR 46
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Z9 13
U1 1
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD APR 1
PY 2011
VL 261
IS 7
BP 1275
EP 1282
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.006
PG 8
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 740UA
UT WOS:000288818700013
ER
PT J
AU Gaetani, GA
Cohen, AL
Wang, ZR
Crusius, J
AF Gaetani, Glenn A.
Cohen, Anne L.
Wang, Zhengrong
Crusius, John
TI Rayleigh-based, multi-element coral thermometry: A biomineralization
approach to developing climate proxies
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP-SEA CORALS; O-18 ISOTOPIC DISEQUILIBRIUM; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF;
BIOLOGICAL CARBONATES; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; SURFACE TEMPERATURE;
TRACE-ELEMENTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ARAGONITE; SR/CA
AB This study presents a new approach to coral thermometry that deconvolves the influence of water temperature on skeleton composition from that of "vital effects", and has the potential to provide estimates of growth temperatures that are accurate to within a few tenths of a degree Celsius from both tropical and cold-water corals. Our results provide support for a physicochemical model of coral biomineralization, and imply that Mg2+ substitutes directly for Ca2+ in biogenic aragonite. Recent studies have identified Rayleigh fractionation as an important influence on the elemental composition of coral skeletons. Daily, seasonal and interannual variations in the amount of aragonite precipitated by corals from each "batch" of calcifying fluid can explain why the temperature dependencies of elemental ratios in coral skeleton differ from those of abiogenic aragonites, and are highly variable among individual corals. On the basis of this new insight into the origin of "vital effects" in coral skeleton, we developed a Rayleigh-based, multi-element approach to coral thermometry. Temperature is resolved from the Rayleigh fractionation signal by combining information from multiple element ratios (e.g., Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca) to produce a mathematically over-constrained system of Rayleigh equations. Unlike conventional coral thermometers, this approach does not rely on an initial calibration of coral skeletal composition to an instrumental temperature record. Rather, considering coral skeletogenesis as a biologically mediated, physico-chemical process provides a means to extract temperature information from the skeleton composition using the Rayleigh equation and a set of experimentally determined partition coefficients. Because this approach is based on a quantitative understanding of the mechanism that produces the "vital effect" it should be possible to apply it both across scleractinian species and to corals growing in vastly different environments. Where instrumental temperature records are available, a Rayleigh-based framework allows the effects of stress on coral calcification to be identified on the basis of anomalies in the skeletal composition. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gaetani, Glenn A.; Cohen, Anne L.; Wang, Zhengrong] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Crusius, John] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Gaetani, GA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RI Wang, Zhengrong/E-8165-2013; Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015; Gaetani,
Glenn/B-8809-2015
OI Wang, Zhengrong/0000-0001-6351-4808; Gaetani, Glenn/0000-0002-6026-2534
FU NSF [OCE-0823527]
FX We are grateful to Morten Andersen and Dan Sinclair for providing
thorough and constructive reviews of unusually high quality. The authors
also thank Thierry Correge for providing a helpful review of an early
version of the paper. Discussions on coral calcification and carbonate
chemistry with Michael Holcomb and Dan McCorkle were particularly
helpful. The authors are grateful to Nobumichi Shimizu and the Northeast
Ion Microprobe Facility for technical support on SIMS analyses of coral
skeletons. This work was supported by NSF Grant OCE-0823527.
NR 65
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Z9 40
U1 2
U2 43
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
EI 1872-9533
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD APR 1
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 7
BP 1920
EP 1932
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.010
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 737TD
UT WOS:000288590200016
ER
PT J
AU Maier, KL
Fildani, A
Paull, CK
Graham, SA
McHargue, TR
Caress, DW
McGann, M
AF Maier, Katherine L.
Fildani, Andrea
Paull, Charles K.
Graham, Stephan A.
McHargue, Timothy R.
Caress, David W.
McGann, Mary
TI The elusive character of discontinuous deep-water channels: New insights
from Lucia Chica channel system, offshore California
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NAVY SUBMARINE FAN; SEA; FLOW; ARCHITECTURE; BORDERLAND; DEPOSITION;
INITIATION; PATTERNS
AB New high-resolution autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) seafloor images, with 1 m lateral resolution and 0.3 m vertical resolution, reveal unexpected seafloor rugosity and low-relief (<10 m), discontinuous conduits over similar to 70 km(2). Continuous channel thalwegs were interpreted originally from lower-resolution images, but newly acquired AUV data indicate that a single sinuous channel fed a series of discontinuous lower-relief channels. These discontinuous channels were created by at least four avulsion events. Channel relief, defined as the height from the thalweg to the levee crest, controls avulsions and overall stratigraphic architecture of the depositional area. Flow-stripped turbidity currents separated into and reactivated multiple channels to create a distributary pattern and developed discontinuous trains of cyclic scours and megaflutes, which may be erosional precursors to continuous channels. The diverse features now imaged in the Lucia Chica channel system (offshore California) are likely common in modern and ancient systems with similar overall morphologies, but have not been previously mapped with lower-resolution detection methods in any of these systems.
C1 [Maier, Katherine L.; Graham, Stephan A.; McHargue, Timothy R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Fildani, Andrea] Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA.
[Paull, Charles K.; Caress, David W.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[McGann, Mary] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Maier, KL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Braun Hall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RI Fildani, Andrea/E-5956-2011;
OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133
FU Chevron Energy Technology Company; David and Lucile Packard Foundation
(Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute); U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS); Stanford Project on Deep-Water Depositional Systems (SPODDS);
Chevron
FX Funding was provided by Chevron Energy Technology Company, The David and
Lucile Packard Foundation (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute),
the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Stanford Project on Deep-Water
Depositional Systems (SPODDS). The late William R. Normark (USGS) was
instrumental in the initial development of this project. Special thanks
to Mark Koelmel and Morgan Sullivan for funding and support through
Chevron; Julian Clark, George Hilley, and Don Lowe for discussions;
Elizabeth Baggs, Eve Lundsten, and Ray Sliter for data handling; and
Brad Carkin, Hans Thomas, and the crews of the R/V Zephyr and R/V
Western Flyer for data acquisition. We thank Ian Kane, Richard Hiscott,
Kevin Pickering, and anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews.
NR 24
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 12
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 4
BP 327
EP 330
DI 10.1130/G31589.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 736PT
UT WOS:000288507300010
ER
PT J
AU Thieler, ER
Ashton, AD
AF Thieler, E. Robert
Ashton, Andrew D.
TI 'Cape capture': Geologic data and modeling results suggest the Holocene
loss of a Carolina Cape
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-CAROLINA; DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY; SOUTHEASTERN COAST; CUSPATE
FORELAND; UNITED-STATES; SHOALS; ORIGIN; EVOLUTION; LOOKOUT
AB For more than a century, the origin and evolution of the set of cuspate forelands known as the Carolina Capes-Hatteras, Lookout, Fear, and Romain-off the eastern coast of the United States have been discussed and debated. The consensus conceptual model is not only that these capes existed through much or all of the Holocene transgression, but also that their number has not changed. Here we describe bathymetric, lithologic, seismic, and chronologic data that suggest another cape may have existed between Capes Hatteras and Lookout during the early to middle Holocene. This cape likely formed at the distal end of the Neuse-Tar-Pamlico fluvial system during the early Holocene transgression, when this portion of the shelf was flooded ca. 9 cal (calibrated) kyr B. P., and was probably abandoned by ca. 4 cal kyr B. P., when the shoreline attained its present general configuration. Previously proposed mechanisms for cape formation suggest that the large-scale, rhythmic pattern of the Carolina Capes arose from a hydrodynamic template or the preexisting geologic framework. Numerical modeling, however, suggests that the number and spacing of capes can be dynamic, and that a coast can self-organize in response to a high-angle-wave instability in shoreline shape. In shoreline evolution model simulations, smaller cuspate forelands are subsumed by larger neighbors over millennial time scales through a process of 'cape capture.' The suggested former cape in Raleigh Bay represents the first interpreted geological evidence of dynamic abandonment suggested by the self-organization hypothesis. Cape capture may be a widespread process in coastal environments with large-scale rhythmic shoreline features; its preservation in the sedimentary record will vary according to geologic setting, physical processes, and sea-level history.
C1 [Thieler, E. Robert] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Ashton, Andrew D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Thieler, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RI Ashton, Andrew/K-7459-2012;
OI Ashton, Andrew/0000-0002-0241-3090; thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
FX Support for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and
the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Reviews by Peter Adams and an
anonymous reviewer improved the paper. We thank John Warner and Kevin
Kroeger for reviews of an early version of the paper. Brian Andrews
provided assistance with the bathymetry data and figures.
NR 26
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 6
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 4
BP 339
EP 342
DI 10.1130/G31641.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 736PT
UT WOS:000288507300013
ER
PT J
AU Anteau, MJ
Afton, AD
Anteau, ACE
Moser, EB
AF Anteau, Michael J.
Afton, Alan D.
Anteau, Andrea C. E.
Moser, E. Barry
TI Fish and land use influence Gammarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca
(Amphipoda) densities in large wetlands across the upper Midwest
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Agriculture; Crustacean; Pothole; Predation; Run-off; Sedimentation;
Shallow lake
ID SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE
WETLANDS; LESSER SCAUP; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; FATHEAD MINNOWS;
CONSISTENT; MIGRATION; WATERFOWL; DYNAMICS
AB Gammarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca (hereafter G. lacustris and H. azteca, respectively) are important components of secondary production in wetlands and shallow lakes of the upper Midwest, USA. Within the past 50 years, amphipod densities have decreased while occurrences of fish and intensity of agricultural land use have increased markedly across this landscape. We investigated influences of fish, sedimentation, and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) on densities of G. lacustris and H. azteca in semipermanent and permanent wetlands and shallow lakes (n = 283) throughout seven eco-physiographic regions of Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota during 2004-2005. G. lacustris and H. azteca densities were positively correlated with densities of SAV (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Both species were negatively correlated with densities of large fish (non-Cyprinidae; P = 0.01 and P = 0.013, respectively) and with high densities of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas; P < 0.001 and P = 0.033, respectively). H. azteca densities also were negatively correlated with densities of small fish (e. g., other minnows [Cyprinidae] and sticklebacks [Gasterosteidae]; P = 0.048) and common carp (Cyprinus spp.; P = 0.022). G. lacustris densities were negatively correlated with high levels of suspended solids (an index for sedimentation; P < 0.001). H. azteca densities were positively correlated with the width of upland-vegetation buffers ( P = 0.004). Our results indicate that sedimentation and fish reduce amphipod densities and may contribute to the current low densities of amphipods in the upper Midwest. Thus, removing/excluding fish, and providing a thick buffer of upland vegetation around wetlands may help restore amphipod densities and wetland and water quality within this landscape.
C1 [Anteau, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Moser, E. Barry] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Anteau, Andrea C. E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Anteau, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM manteau@usgs.gov
FU Ducks Unlimited Inc. USA; IWWR of Ducks Unlimited Canada; Louisiana
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Louisiana State University;
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Minnesota Waterfowl
Association; North Dakota Game and Fish Department; Prairie Pothole
Joint Venture; Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint
Venture; USGS-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit;
USGS-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
FX We dedicate this manuscript to the memory of our colleague Barry Moser,
who is dearly missed. We thank numerous technicians and professionals
identified in a previous publication (Anteau & Afton, 2008b) for
assistance with wetland sampling, logistics, and laboratory analyses. We
acknowledge numerous landowners that allowed us to work on their
property. We thank the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Iowa
Department of Natural Resources, Kibbe Field Station, Missouri
Department of Conservation, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources,
USFWS Regions 3 and 6 HAPET offices, USGS-National Wetland Research
Center, USGS-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Western Illinois
University, and Federal and Winchester Cartridge Companies for in-kind
support. We thank the following organizations for financial support:
Ducks Unlimited Inc. USA, IWWR of Ducks Unlimited Canada, IWWR of Ducks
Unlimited Canada through the Bonnycastle Fellowship, Louisiana
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Louisiana State University-through
the Bosch Fellowship, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources,
Minnesota Waterfowl Association, North Dakota Game and Fish Department,
Prairie Pothole Joint Venture, Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes
Region Joint Venture, USGS-Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit, and USGS-Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. We
thank Steve Chipps, Mark Clark, and anonymous reviewers for helpful
comments to the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.
S. Government.
NR 54
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 664
IS 1
BP 69
EP 80
DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0583-2
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 737IP
UT WOS:000288562800005
ER
PT J
AU Iverson, SA
Gavrilov, A
Katzner, TE
Takekawa, JY
Miller, TA
Hagemeijer, W
Mundkur, T
Sivananinthaperumal, B
DeMattos, CC
Ahmed, LS
Newman, SH
AF Iverson, Samuel A.
Gavrilov, Andrei
Katzner, Todd E.
Takekawa, John Y.
Miller, Tricia A.
Hagemeijer, Ward
Mundkur, Taej
Sivananinthaperumal, Balachandran
DeMattos, Carlos C.
Ahmed, Lu'ay S.
Newman, Scott H.
TI Migratory movements of waterfowl in Central Asia and avian influenza
emergence: sporadic transmission of H5N1 from east to west
SO IBIS
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas; bird migration; highly pathogenic avian influenza; Kazakhstan;
ring recovery; risk mapping; satellite telemetry; Tadorna
ID A VIRUSES; WILD BIRDS; OUTBREAK; SPREAD; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; FLYWAY;
DUCKS; CHINA
AB Waterfowl in the genera Anas and Tadorna are suspected as vectors in the long-distance transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. The former Soviet Republics of Central Asia are situated at an important migratory crossroads for these and other species of birds that bridges regions where the disease is prevalent. However, waterfowl movements through Central Asia are poorly quantified. In this study, historical data derived from over 80 years of bird ringing are combined with recent satellite tracking data to delineate migration routes, movement chronology and habitat use patterns of waterfowl in relation to H5N1 outbreak locations. Results confirm migratory linkage between breeding and moulting areas in northern Kazakhstan and southern Siberia, with non-breeding areas in the Caspian, Black and eastern Mediterranean Sea basins, as well as with South Asia. However, unlike the situation in neighbouring regions, most notably western China, H5N1 outbreaks have not been recurrent in Central Asia after they were first reported during summer 2005 and spring 2006. These findings have implications in relation to potential sampling biases, species-specific variation in migratory behaviour and continuing regional H5N1 transmission risks.
C1 [Iverson, Samuel A.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
[Gavrilov, Andrei] Inst Zool, Akademgorodok 050060, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
[Katzner, Todd E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Miller, Tricia A.] Powdermill Nat Reserve, Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Rector, PA 15677 USA.
[Hagemeijer, Ward; Mundkur, Taej] Wetlands Int, NL-6700 AL Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Sivananinthaperumal, Balachandran] Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay 400001, Maharashtra, India.
[DeMattos, Carlos C.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt.
[Ahmed, Lu'ay S.] Egyptian Environm Affairs Agcy, Cairo, Egypt.
[Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Anim Hlth Serv, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
RP Iverson, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
EM Samuel.Iverson@ec.gc.ca
RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013;
OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435
FU Global Avian Influenza Network and Surveillance (GAINS); US National
Science Foundation (NSF); FAO; USGS; Wetlands International; National
Aviary [NSF INT-0301095]; Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and
Response System (GEIS); US Department of Defence
FX This research was the result of a multi-agency collaboration
co-ordinated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO), the US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Discipline
(USGS) and the National Aviary. In Kazakhstan, Nickolai Petkov (Wetlands
International), Alexander Yurlov (Russian Academy of Sciences), Boris
Annenkov, Vladamir Kolbintsev, Ramazan Kudabaev, Syrymgul Zaripova and
Almat Abayev provided field assistance. Sergei Sklyarenko (Association
for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan), Kainar Zhumatov and
Aidyn Kydyrmanov (Institute of Microbiology and Virusology, Almaty) and
Nastya Tkcheva provided logistical support. Our research in Kazakhstan
was funded by the Global Avian Influenza Network and Surveillance
(GAINS) programme, the US National Science Foundation (NSF), FAO, USGS,
Wetlands International and the National Aviary (Grant NSF INT-0301095).;
In Egypt, field research and logistical support was provided by Moustafa
Fouda (Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency). Assistance was also
provided by Mohammed Elwehdi, Mossad Sultan, Mostafa Hassan and Shaimaa
Taha (Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency); Yilma Jobre (FAO); Cecilia
DeMattos and Jeffery A. Tjaden (US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3,
Cairo); Sabir Bin Muzaffar and Sophia Shaikh (United Arab Emirates
University); and Eric Palm and Nichola J. Hill (USGS). Funding was
provided by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response
System (GEIS), the US Department of Defence, FAO and USGS.
NR 47
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0019-1019
J9 IBIS
JI Ibis
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 153
IS 2
BP 279
EP 292
DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01095.x
PG 14
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 736PR
UT WOS:000288507100005
ER
PT J
AU Saleh, DK
Lorenz, DL
Domagalski, JL
AF Saleh, Dina K.
Lorenz, David L.
Domagalski, Joseph L.
TI Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in
California's Central Valley
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE pesticides; loading; SeaWave; SineWave; modeling; Central Valley
ID CONSTITUENT LOADS; TRANSPORT; STREAMS; MODEL
AB Mass loadings were calculated for four pesticides in two watersheds with different land uses in the Central Valley, California, by using two parametric models: (1) the Seasonal Wave model (SeaWave), in which a pulse signal is used to describe the annual cycle of pesticide occurrence in a stream, and (2) the Sine Wave model, in which first-order Fourier series sine and cosine terms are used to simulate seasonal mass loading patterns. The models were applied to data collected during water years 1997 through 2005. The pesticides modeled were carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, and molinate. Results from the two models show that the ability to capture seasonal variations in pesticide concentrations was affected by pesticide use patterns and the methods by which pesticides are transported to streams. Estimated seasonal loads compared well with results from previous studies for both models. Loads estimated by the two models did not differ significantly from each other, with the exceptions of carbaryl and molinate during the precipitation season, where loads were affected by application patterns and rainfall. However, in watersheds with variable and intermittent pesticide applications, the SeaWave model is more suitable for use on the basis of its robust capability of describing seasonal variation of pesticide concentrations.
C1 [Saleh, Dina K.; Domagalski, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey WRD, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Lorenz, David L.] US Geol Survey WRD, Mounds View, MN 55420 USA.
RP Saleh, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey WRD, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM dsaleh@usgs.gov
NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 2
BP 254
EP 264
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 741LL
UT WOS:000288865100004
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, HM
Domagalski, JL
Saleh, DK
AF Johnson, Henry M.
Domagalski, Joseph L.
Saleh, Dina K.
TI Trends in Pesticide Concentrations in Streamsof the Western United
States, 1993-2005
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE pesticides; monitoring; time series analysis; watershed management;
TMDL; salmon; )
ID SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; PEST-MANAGEMENT; SURFACE WATERS; PACIFIC SALMON;
CHINOOK SALMON; CALIFORNIA; TOXICITY; TRANSPORT; MIXTURES; CONSERVATION
AB Trends in pesticide concentrations for 15 streams in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho were determined for the organophosphate insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon and the herbicides atrazine, s-ethyl diproplythiocarbamate (EPTC), metolachlor, simazine, and trifluralin. A parametric regression model was used to account for flow, seasonality, and antecedent hydrologic conditions and thereby estimate trends in pesticide concentrations in streams arising from changes in use amount and application method in their associated catchments. Decreasing trends most often were observed for diazinon, and reflect the shift to alternative pesticides by farmers, commercial applicators, and homeowners because of use restrictions and product cancelation. Consistent trends were observed for several herbicides, including upward trends in simazine at urban-influenced sites from 2000 to 2005, and downward trends in atrazine and EPTC at agricultural sites from the mid-1990s to 2005. The model provided additional information about pesticide occurrence and transport in the modeled streams. Two examples are presented and briefly discussed: (1) timing of peak concentrations for individual compounds varied greatly across this geographic gradient because of different application periods and the effects of local rain patterns, irrigation, and soil drainage and (2) reconstructions of continuous diazinon concentrations at sites in California are used to evaluate compliance with total maximum daily load targets.
C1 [Johnson, Henry M.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
[Domagalski, Joseph L.; Saleh, Dina K.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Johnson, HM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
EM hjohnson@usgs.gov
FU USGS NAWQA Program
FX This work was funded by the USGS NAWQA Program. The authors thank Jeff
Martin for his assistance in preparing the data and Skip Vecchia and
Dave Lorenz for their consultation and guidance during the modeling
effort. Jeff Martin and Paul Capel provided helpful comments on the
manuscript.
NR 82
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 24
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 2
BP 265
EP 286
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00507.x
PG 22
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 741LL
UT WOS:000288865100005
PM 22457570
ER
PT J
AU Fedy, BC
Doherty, KE
AF Fedy, Bradley C.
Doherty, Kevin E.
TI Population cycles are highly correlated over long time series and large
spatial scales in two unrelated species: greater sage-grouse and
cottontail rabbits
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Centrocercus urophasianus; Sylvilagus sp.; Indices; Generalized additive
models; Conservation
ID SNOWSHOE HARE CYCLE; LEMMING CYCLES; RELATIVE-ABUNDANCE; PREDATION;
TRENDS; DYNAMICS; FOOD; HABITAT; BIRDS; COUNT
AB Animal species across multiple taxa demonstrate multi-annual population cycles, which have long been of interest to ecologists. Correlated population cycles between species that do not share a predator-prey relationship are particularly intriguing and challenging to explain. We investigated annual population trends of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus sp.) across Wyoming to explore the possibility of correlations between unrelated species, over multiple cycles, very large spatial areas, and relatively southern latitudes in terms of cycling species. We analyzed sage-grouse lek counts and annual hunter harvest indices from 1982 to 2007. We show that greater sage-grouse, currently listed as warranted but precluded under the US Endangered Species Act, and cottontails have highly correlated cycles (r = 0.77). We explore possible mechanistic hypotheses to explain the synchronous population cycles. Our research highlights the importance of control populations in both adaptive management and impact studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate the functional value of these indices (lek counts and hunter harvest) for tracking broad-scale fluctuations in the species. This level of highly correlated long-term cycling has not previously been documented between two non-related species, over a long time-series, very large spatial scale, and within more southern latitudes.
C1 [Fedy, Bradley C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Doherty, Kevin E.] Natl Audubon Soc, Laramie, WY 82072 USA.
[Fedy, Bradley C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM bcfedy@gmail.com
OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043
NR 62
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
EI 1432-1939
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 165
IS 4
BP 915
EP 924
DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1768-0
PG 10
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 735EW
UT WOS:000288397200009
PM 20848136
ER
PT J
AU Pavlovic, NB
Leicht-Young, SA
Grundel, R
AF Pavlovic, Noel B.
Leicht-Young, Stacey A.
Grundel, Ralph
TI Short-term effects of burn season on flowering phenology of savanna
plants
SO PLANT ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Phenoperiod; Savanna forbs and grasses; Indiana Dunes; Fire season;
Resprouter shrubs
ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; FIRE SEASON; OAK SAVANNA; PRESCRIBED FIRE;
VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; SUMMER; SHRUBS; FORBS; UNDERSTORY
AB We examined the effect of season of burn on flowering phenology of groundlayer species, in the year following burns, in a mesic-sand Midwestern oak savanna. Burn treatments were fall, early-season, growing-season, late-season, and 1 or 5 years after a prior early-season wildfire. For these treatments, we compared the number of flowering stems and of flowers for species overall, for the 20 most prolifically flowering species, as well as for species grouped by flowering phenoperiods, and by growth form. Growing-season burn had a significant negative effect on number of flowering stems and total number of flowers. This effect occurred when either the burn occurred during the flowering season or during the season prior to the flowering phenoperiod. Tradescantia ohiensis showed expedited flowering and Phlox pilosa showed delayed flowering in response to early-season burning. Flowering of early shrubs was reduced by the previous fall and early-spring fires, while flowering of mid-season blooming shrubs was reduced by the early- and growing-season burns. Vaccinium and Gaylussacia, early-flowering shrubs, produced fewer flowers 1 year after than 5 years after an early-season burn. Arabis lyrata showed reduced flowering from the early-season burn. We also found four instances where the early-spring burn effect on flowering was more severe than the fall burn effect, suggesting that many frequent early-season burns may be deleterious to flowering and reproduction of some species. Burns occurring too frequently in the same season could negatively affect future flowering and reproduction of these plant species.
C1 [Pavlovic, Noel B.; Leicht-Young, Stacey A.; Grundel, Ralph] US Geol Survey, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
RP Pavlovic, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
EM npavlovic@usgs.gov
NR 58
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 34
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-0237
J9 PLANT ECOL
JI Plant Ecol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 212
IS 4
BP 611
EP 625
DI 10.1007/s11258-010-9851-5
PG 15
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 737GS
UT WOS:000288557700009
ER
PT J
AU Goodchild, S
Gerstenberger, S
AF Goodchild, Shawn
Gerstenberger, Shawn
TI Mercury Concentrations in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Collected from Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DYNAMICS; WATER; LAKES; FISH; ACCUMULATION; RESERVOIRS; SEDIMENTS; RIVER
AB Mercury is a known neurotoxin and contaminant of concern worldwide. Mercury may occur at elevated concentrations adjacent to industrial sources, such as coal-fired power plants, or in remote environments and newly filled water bodies. Mercury tissue concentrations were determined for a sample of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from Crystal Reservoir, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada. This investigation was triggered by (1) the presence of several conditions in soil and water that facilitate mercury bioaccumulation, (2) previous investigations that detected mercury in source springs, and (3) the presence of game fish and endangered pupfish within the reservoir. Mercury concentrations were significantly correlated with both fish mass and condition, but were lower than national human health and safety standards. It is possible that high pH and salinity inhibited methylation and subsequent bioaccumulation; however, additional studies are needed to determine causation of the low concentration in fish tissue compared with ambient conditions.
C1 [Gerstenberger, Shawn] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Goodchild, Shawn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA.
RP Gerstenberger, S (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
EM achirus@earthlink.net; shawn.gerstenberger@unlv.edu
NR 24
TC 0
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U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 60
IS 3
BP 496
EP 500
DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9565-7
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 782AJ
UT WOS:000291979500013
PM 20602096
ER
PT J
AU Conroy, MJ
Runge, MC
Nichols, JD
Stodola, KW
Cooper, RJ
AF Conroy, Michael J.
Runge, Michael C.
Nichols, James D.
Stodola, Kirk W.
Cooper, Robert J.
TI Conservation in the face of climate change: The roles of alternative
models, monitoring, and adaptation in confronting and reducing
uncertainty
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Birds; Prediction; Monitoring; Adaptive management
ID MIGRATORY BIRD; POPULATION; RESPONSES; IMPACT
AB The broad physical and biological principles behind climate change and its potential large scale ecological impacts on biota are fairly well understood, although likely responses of biotic communities at fine spati-temporal scales are not, limiting the ability of conservation programs to respond effectively to climate change outside the range of human experience. Much of the climate debate has focused on attempts to resolve key uncertainties in a hypothesis-testing framework. However, conservation decisions cannot await resolution of these scientific issues and instead must proceed in the face of uncertainty. We suggest that conservation should precede in an adaptive management framework, in which decisions are guided by predictions under multiple, plausible hypotheses about climate impacts. Under this plan, monitoring is used to evaluate the response of the system to climate drivers, and management actions (perhaps experimental) are used to confront testable predictions with data, in turn providing feedback for future decision making. We illustrate these principles with the problem of mitigating the effects of climate change on terrestrial bird communities in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Conroy, Michael J.; Stodola, Kirk W.; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Runge, Michael C.; Nichols, James D.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Runge, Michael C.] Univ Melbourne, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Anal & Appl Enviro, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
RP Conroy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM mconroy@uga.edu
RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011
OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X
FU Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; USGS; US Fish and
Wildlife Service; University of Georgia, Georgia Department of Natural
Resources; Wildlife Management Institute
FX We thank Tara Martin and Eve McDonald-Madden for the kind invitation to
participate in the symposium at INTECOL. MJC acknowledges the support of
the Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, jointly
sponsored by USGS, US Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of
Georgia, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and the Wildlife
Management Institute.
NR 37
TC 47
Z9 49
U1 2
U2 49
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
EI 1873-2917
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1204
EP 1213
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.019
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 747PY
UT WOS:000289333100005
ER
PT J
AU Douglas, J
Boore, DM
AF Douglas, John
Boore, David M.
TI High-frequency filtering of strong-motion records
SO BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Strong-motion data; Ground-motion prediction equations; Ground-motion
models; Filtering; Response spectra; Stochastic method; kappa
ID EARTHQUAKE GROUND-MOTION; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; RESPONSE SPECTRA;
PREDICTION EQUATIONS; NGA PROJECT; DISPLACEMENTS; ACCELERATION; PERIOD;
ACCELEROGRAMS; ATTENUATION
AB The influence of noise in strong-motion records is most problematic at low and high frequencies where the signal to noise ratio is commonly low compared to that in the mid-spectrum. The impact of low-frequency noise (< 1 Hz) on strong-motion intensity parameters such as ground velocities, displacements and response spectral ordinates can be dramatic and consequentially it has become standard practice to low-cut (high-pass) filter strong-motion data with corner frequencies often chosen based on the shape of Fourier amplitude spectra and the signal-to-noise ratio. It has been shown that response spectral ordinates should not be used beyond some fraction of the corner period (reciprocal of the corner frequency) of the low-cut filter. This article examines the effect of high-frequency noise (> 5 Hz) on computed pseudo-absolute response spectral accelerations (PSAs). In contrast to the case of low-frequency noise our analysis shows that filtering to remove high-frequency noise is only necessary in certain situations and that PSAs can often be used up to 100 Hz even if much lower high-cut corner frequencies are required to remove the noise. This apparent contradiction can be explained by the fact that PSAs are often controlled by ground accelerations associated with much lower frequencies than the natural frequency of the oscillator because path and site attenuation (often modelled by Q and kappa, respectively) have removed the highest frequencies. We demonstrate that if high-cut filters are to be used, then their corner frequencies should be selected on an individual basis, as has been done in a few recent studies.
C1 [Douglas, John] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, RNSC RIS, F-45060 Orleans 2, France.
[Douglas, John] Univ Iceland, Earthquake Engn Res Ctr, IS-800 Selfoss, Iceland.
[Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Douglas, J (reprint author), Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, RNSC RIS, 3 Ave Claude Guillemin,BP 36009, F-45060 Orleans 2, France.
EM J.Douglas@brgm.fr
RI Douglas, John/A-3098-2011
OI Douglas, John/0000-0003-3822-0060
NR 42
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U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1570-761X
J9 B EARTHQ ENG
JI Bull. Earthq. Eng.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 9
IS 2
BP 395
EP 409
DI 10.1007/s10518-010-9208-4
PG 15
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 735FP
UT WOS:000288399100003
ER
PT J
AU Nelson, ME
AF Nelson, Michael E.
TI Killing and Caching of an Adult White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus
virginianus, by a Single Gray Wolf, Canis lupus
SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Gray Wolf; Canis lupus; White-tailed Deer; Odocoileus virginianus;
caching; surplus killing
ID NATIONAL-PARK; WOLVES; PREDATION; MINNESOTA; CARIBOU; PREY
AB When killing ungulates during winter, Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) typically remain near kill sites until the prey is entirely eaten (Mech 1970). The exception to this is "surplus killing," when escape by prey is impeded by features of the landscape and Gray Wolves kill more than they can immediately consume (Mech et al. 1971; Carbyn 1983; Miller et al. 1985; Boyd et al. 1994; DelGiudice 1998). Throughout the year, meat and other prey parts that are not immediately consumed are cached underground or beneath snow (Mech 1970; Adams et al. 1995; Nelson and Mech 2011). Herein, I report the caching of an intact adult male White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) killed by a single Gray Wolf during a winter of extreme snow depths.
C1 [Nelson, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Nelson, ME (reprint author), 7332 Tracy Rd, Duluth, MN 55803 USA.
EM meklnelson2@gmail.com
FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Forest Service; Northern Research Station;
Special Projects Foundation
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest
Service, Northern Research Station, and the Special Projects Foundation.
I also acknowledge volunteer wildlife technicians who assisted in live
capture of White-tailed Deer and who helped retrieve radio-collars. I
also thank the pilots of the U.S. Forest Service for skilful and safe
flying and specifically pilot Douglas Bohman for his observation. I
followed the American Society of Mammalogists Guidelines (Animal Care
and Use Committee) for animal handling and care in conducting research.
NR 20
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U1 2
U2 20
PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB
PI OTTAWA
PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA
SN 0008-3550
J9 CAN FIELD NAT
JI Can. Field-Nat.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2011
VL 125
IS 2
BP 162
EP 164
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 912AI
UT WOS:000301765400009
ER
PT J
AU Usery, EL
AF Usery, E. Lynn
TI Introduction to Papers from the AutoCarto 2010 Conference
SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
RP Usery, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
EM usery@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA
SN 1523-0406
J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC
JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 2
BP 71
EP 72
DI 10.1559/1523040638271
PG 2
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 781HI
UT WOS:000291921100001
ER
PT J
AU Stanislawski, LV
Buttenfield, BP
AF Stanislawski, Lawrence V.
Buttenfield, Barbara P.
TI Hydrographic Generalization Tailored to Dry Mountainous Regions
SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT AutoCarto 2010
Conference/Internatiional-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing
(ISPRS)/Conference on
American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing (ASPRS)
CY NOV 14-16, 2010
CL Orlando, FL
SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
DE automated generalization; National Hydrography Dataset; coefficient of
line correspondence
AB A wide variety of climate and terrain conditions exist in the United States and optimal cartographic generalization techniques for one area of the country may not be suitable for another, particularly when working with surface hydrographic data. This paper presents generalization and data modeling to produce reduced scale versions of hydrographic data for a multi-resolution national data set, The National Map, of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The approach distinguishes regional differences in geographic factors to demonstrate that knowledge about varying terrain and climate conditions can support the design of tailored generalization operations that preserve distinct hydrographic patterns. Hydrographic generalization procedures are being tailored for different terrain (mountainous, hill), and flat) and climate (humid and dry) conditions within the United States. We demonstrate using a sequence of automated generalization operations tailored for a dry mountainous subbasin watershed of the United States National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). MID data for the subbasin, compiled from 1:24,000-scale source material, were generalized to create hydrographic data that are appropriate for cartographic mapping at scales between about 1:50,000 and 1:200,000. Generalization results are metrically compared to a 1:100,000-scale NHD benchmark through the Coefficient of Line Correspondence (CLC) and the Coefficient of Area Correspondence (CAC). Confidence intervals for the CLC and CAC are generated through a non-parametric bootstrapping approach. These metrics and associated confidence intervals can help establish the geographic extents that are suitable for each set of tailored generalization procedures.
C1 [Stanislawski, Lawrence V.] US Geol Survey, CEGIS, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
[Buttenfield, Barbara P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Stanislawski, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CEGIS, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
EM lstan@usgs.gov; babs@colorado.edu
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA
SN 1523-0406
J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC
JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 2
BP 117
EP 125
DI 10.1559/15230406382117
PG 9
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 781HI
UT WOS:000291921100007
ER
PT J
AU Varanka, DE
AF Varanka, Dalia E.
TI Ontology Patterns for Complex Topographic Feature Types
SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT AutoCarto 2010
Conference/Internatiional-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing
(ISPRS)/Conference on
American-Society-for-Photogrammetry-and-Remote-Sensing (ASPRS)
CY NOV 14-16, 2010
CL Orlando, FL
SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
DE Ontology design patterns; complex features; topographic features;
geo-semantic web
ID DESIGN PATTERNS
AB A Complex feature types are defined as integrated relations between basic features for a shared meaning or concept. The shared semantic concept is difficult to define in commonly used geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies. The role of spatial relations between complex feature parts was recognized in early GIS literature, but had limited representation in the feature or coverage data models of GIS. Spatial relations are more explicitly specified in semantic technology. In this paper, semantics for topographic feature ontology design patterns (ODP) are developed as data models for the representation of complex features. In the context of topographic processes, component assemblages are supported by resource systems and are found on local landscapes. The topographic ontology is organized across six thematic modules that can account for basic feature types, resource systems, and landscape types. Types of complex feature attributes include location, generative processes and physical description. Node/edge networks model standard spatial relations and relations specific to topographic science to represent complex features. To demonstrate these concepts, data from The National Map of the U.S. Geological Survey was converted and assembled into ODP
C1 US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
RP Varanka, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
EM dvaranka@usgs.gov
OI Varanka, Dalia/0000-0003-2857-9600
NR 69
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 18
PU CARTOGRAPHY & GEOGRAPHIC INFOR SOC
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 6 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE AVE, STE 403, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20879 USA
SN 1523-0406
J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INF SC
JI Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 2
BP 126
EP 136
DI 10.1559/15230406382126
PG 11
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 781HI
UT WOS:000291921100008
ER
PT J
AU Monteith, KL
Bleich, VC
Stephenson, TR
Pierce, BM
Conner, MM
Klaver, RW
Bowyer, RT
AF Monteith, Kevin L.
Bleich, Vernon C.
Stephenson, Thomas R.
Pierce, Becky M.
Conner, Mary M.
Klaver, Robert W.
Bowyer, R. Terry
TI Timing of seasonal migration in mule deer: effects of climate, plant
phenology, and life-history characteristics
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; life-history characteristics; mule deer; NDVI;
nutritional condition; Odocoileus hemionus; plant phenology; risk
averse; risk prone; Sierra Nevada; snow depth; trophic mismatch
AB Phenological events of plants and animals are sensitive to climatic processes. Migration is a life-history event exhibited by most large herbivores living in seasonal environments, and is thought to occur in response to dynamics of forage and weather. Decisions regarding when to migrate, however, may be affected by differences in life-history characteristics of individuals. Long-term and intensive study of a population of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, allowed us to document patterns of migration during 11 years that encompassed a wide array of environmental conditions. We used two new techniques to properly account for interval-censored data and disentangle effects of broad-scale climate, local weather patterns, and plant phenology on seasonal patterns of migration, while incorporating effects of individual life-history characteristics. Timing of autumn migration varied substantially among individual deer, but was associated with the severity of winter weather, and in particular, snow depth and cold temperatures. Migratory responses to winter weather, however, were affected by age, nutritional condition, and summer residency of individual females. Old females and those in good nutritional condition risked encountering severe weather by delaying autumn migration, and were thus risk-prone with respect to the potential loss of foraging opportunities in deep snow compared with young females and those in poor nutritional condition. Females that summered on the west side of the crest of the Sierra Nevada delayed autumn migration relative to east-side females, which supports the influence of the local environment on timing of migration. In contrast, timing of spring migration was unrelated to individual life-history characteristics, was nearly twice as synchronous as autumn migration, differed among years, was related to the southern oscillation index, and was influenced by absolute snow depth and advancing phenology of plants. Plasticity in timing of migration in response to climatic conditions and plant phenology may be an adaptive behavioral strategy, which should reduce the detrimental effects of trophic mismatches between resources and other life-history events of large herbivores. Failure to consider effects of nutrition and other life-history traits may cloud interpretation of phenological patterns of mammals and conceal relationships associated with climate change.
C1 [Monteith, Kevin L.; Bleich, Vernon C.; Stephenson, Thomas R.; Pierce, Becky M.; Bowyer, R. Terry] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
[Monteith, Kevin L.; Bleich, Vernon C.; Stephenson, Thomas R.; Pierce, Becky M.; Conner, Mary M.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Bishop, CA 93514 USA.
[Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Monteith, KL (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
EM montkevi@isu.edu
FU CDFG Deer Herd Management Plan Implementation Program; California Deer
Association; Mule Deer Foundation; Granite Bay Chapter of Safari Club
International; Idaho State University
FX We thank fixed-wing pilots R. Anthes, T. Evans, and G. Schales of
California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), and G. Pope (Black
Mountain Air Service), and R. Nixon for their dedication and interest in
this project. Landells Aviation was largely responsible for the
helicopter capture and survey work, especially, S. deJesus, and C.
Pickrell, who worked closely with CDFG capture specialists R. Teagle and
T. Glenner to ensure safe and efficient handling of hundreds of mule
deer. We are also privileged to have worked with numerous dedicated
field assistants including, P. McGrath, J. Augustine, D. Spitz, A.
Howell, T. Swearingen, W. Allsup, A. Stephenson, M. Kiner, T. Branston,
C. Schroeder, H. Johnson, M. Leonard-Cahn, K. Monteith, R. Long, S.
Monteith, and especially P. Partridge who committed much of his own time
and resources to maintain deer monitoring. We are indebted to volunteers
C. Baker, R. Noles, N. Partridge, and D. deJesus for their selfless
dedication to mule deer research in Round Valley. We thank D. German, L.
Konde, and K. Knox, for their assistance with the Round Valley deer
project. Support for capture work was provided by numerous individuals
including, J. Villepique, J. McKeever, T. Taylor, B. Clark, and B.
Adams. Additional capture support was provided by personnel from the
CDFG Wildlife Investigations Lab including S. Torres, K. Jones, A.
Hunter, B. Gonzales, P. Swift, J. Schultz, and H. Zurawka. We also are
thankful to other CDFG employees and other volunteers who aided in the
completion of this long-term research project. The bulk of the funding
and logistical support for this long-term investigation was provided by
the CDFG Deer Herd Management Plan Implementation Program through the
efforts of E. Loft, S. Mastrup, K. Mayer, R. Mohr, and C. Stowers;
additional funding was provided by the California Deer Association, Mule
Deer Foundation, Granite Bay Chapter of Safari Club International, and
Idaho State University. We dedicate this paper to the memory of our
friends and colleagues Clu Cotter, Mike Donovan, Kevin O'Connor, and Tom
Stolberg who died in a tragic helicopter accident while conducting an
aerial survey on summer range used by mule deer from Round Valley. This
is a contribution from the CDFG Deer Herd Management Plan Implementation
Program, and is Professional Paper 084 from the Eastern Sierra Center
for Applied Population Ecology. We thank R. Long, E. Andersen, M.
Kauffman, J. Jenks, A. Mysterud, and an anonymous reviewer for their
comments that improved previous versions of this manuscript. Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the United States Government.
NR 140
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U1 13
U2 69
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 4
AR UNSP 47
DI 10.1890/ES10-00096.1
PG 34
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30IU
UT WOS:000208810500009
ER
PT J
AU Hollmen, TE
DebRoy, C
Flint, PL
Safine, DE
Schamber, JL
Riddle, AE
Trust, KA
AF Hollmen, Tuula E.
DebRoy, Chitrita
Flint, Paul L.
Safine, David E.
Schamber, Jason L.
Riddle, Ann E.
Trust, Kimberly A.
TI Molecular typing of Escherichia coli strains associated with threatened
sea ducks and near-shore marine habitats of south-west Alaska
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; STELLERS EIDERS; IDENTIFICATION; EUTROPHICATION; BIRDS
AB P>In Alaska, sea ducks winter in coastal habitats at remote, non-industrialized areas, as well as in proximity to human communities and industrial activity. We evaluated prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli strains in faecal samples of Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri; n = 122) and harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus; n = 21) at an industrialized site and Steller's eiders (n = 48) at a reference site, and compared these strains with those isolated from water samples from near-shore habitats of ducks. The overall prevalence of E. coli was 16% and 67% in Steller's eiders and harlequin ducks, respectively, at the industrialized study site, and 2% in Steller's eiders at the reference site. Based on O and H antigen subtyping and genetic characterization by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we found evidence of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains associated with both species and detected E. coli strains carrying virulence genes associated with mammals in harlequin ducks. Steller's eiders that carried APEC had lower serum total protein and albumin concentrations, providing further evidence of pathogenicity. The genetic profile of two E. coli strains from water matched an isolate from a Steller's eider providing evidence of transmission between near-shore habitats and birds.
C1 [Hollmen, Tuula E.; Safine, David E.; Riddle, Ann E.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Hollmen, Tuula E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[DebRoy, Chitrita] Penn State Univ, E Coli Reference Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Flint, Paul L.; Schamber, Jason L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Trust, Kimberly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Hollmen, TE (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
EM tuula_hollmen@alaskasealife.org
OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993
FU National Sea-Grant; US Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service
- Ocean Alaska Science and Learning Center
FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Sea-Grant, the US
Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service - Ocean Alaska
Science and Learning Center. Many people assisted with field work,
including Tyson Alteri, Mary Bozza, Tasha DiMarzio, Tyrone Donnelly,
Annie Faris, Tom Fondell, Chris Franson, Ellen Lance, Tyler Lewis, Sarah
McCloskey, Brandt Meixell, William O'Connell, Beth Pattinson, John Reed,
Joseph Seyfried, Mat Sorum, Kristine Sowl, Nina Valadez and Jeff Wasley.
John Reed and Reid Brewer provided key assistance with logistics. Ellen
Lance provided support with coordination. Carol Frazcak from Phoenix
Laboratories has provided help and support throughout the years with
coordination of microbiological samples and analyses. Rebekka Federer
provided laboratory assistance with biochemistry analyses. Two anonymous
reviewers provided very helpful comments on our manuscript. Use of
trade, product or company names is solely for descriptive purposes and
does not imply endorsement by the US government.
NR 31
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Z9 0
U1 0
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1758-2229
J9 ENV MICROBIOL REP
JI Environ. Microbiol. Rep.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 2
BP 262
EP 269
DI 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00220.x
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology
GA 736OG
UT WOS:000288503400017
PM 23761259
ER
PT J
AU Bromberg, JE
Kumar, S
Brown, CS
Stohlgren, TJ
AF Bromberg, James E.
Kumar, Sunil
Brown, Cynthia S.
Stohlgren, Thomas J.
TI Distributional Changes and Range Predictions of Downy Brome (Bromus
tectorum) in Rocky Mountain National Park
SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Cheatgrass; invasive species spread; Maxent; niche modeling; range
expansion
ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ALTERS NITROGEN DYNAMICS; RECENT
CLIMATE-CHANGE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; CHEATGRASS INVASION;
ECOLOGICAL GENETICS; PLANT DIVERSITY; ARID GRASSLAND; NORTH-AMERICA;
VEGETATION
AB Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), an invasive winter annual grass, may be increasing in extent and abundance at high elevations in the western United States. This would pose a great threat to high-elevation plant communities and resources. However, data to track this species in high-elevation environments are limited. To address changes in the distribution and abundance of downy brome and the factors most associated with its occurrence, we used field sampling and statistical methods, and niche modeling. In 2007, we resampled plots from two vegetation surveys in Rocky Mountain National Park for presence and cover of downy brome. One survey was established in 1993 and had been resampled in 1999. The other survey was established in 1996 and had not been resampled until our study. Although not all comparisons between years demonstrated significant changes in downy brome abundance, its mean cover increased nearly fivefold from 1993 (0.7%) to 2007 (3.6%) in one of the two vegetation surveys (P = 0.06). Although the average cover of downy brome within the second survey appeared to be increasing from 1996 to 2007, this slight change from 0.5% to 1.2% was not statistically significant (P = 0.24). Downy brome was present in 50% more plots in 1999 than in 1993 (P = 0.02) in the first survey. In the second survey, downy brome was present in 30% more plots in 2007 than in 1996 (P = 0.08). Maxent, a species environmental matching model, was generally able to predict occurrences of downy brome, as new locations were in the ranges predicted by earlier generated models. The model found that distance to roads, elevation, and vegetation community influenced the predictions most. The strong response of downy brome to interannual environmental variability makes detecting change challenging, especially with small sample sizes. However, our results suggest that the area in which downy brome occurs is likely increasing in Rocky Mountain National Park through increased frequency and cover. Field surveys along with predictive modeling will be vital in directing efforts to manage this highly invasive species.
C1 [Bromberg, James E.; Brown, Cynthia S.] Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dept, Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Bromberg, JE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Bioagr Sci & Pest Management Dept, Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM jebromberg@yahoo.com
RI Brown, Cynthia/K-5814-2012; Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009
NR 79
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 6
U2 51
PU WEED SCI SOC AMER
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 1939-7291
J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA
JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
BP 173
EP 182
DI 10.1614/IPSM-D-10-00022.1
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 785JJ
UT WOS:000292225000001
ER
PT J
AU Shoo, LP
Olson, DH
McMenamin, SK
Murray, KA
Van Sluys, M
Donnelly, MA
Stratford, D
Terhivuo, J
Merino-Viteri, A
Herbert, SM
Bishop, PJ
Corn, PS
Dovey, L
Griffiths, RA
Lowe, K
Mahony, M
McCallum, H
Shuker, JD
Simpkins, C
Skerratt, LF
Williams, SE
Hero, JM
AF Shoo, Luke P.
Olson, Deanna H.
McMenamin, Sarah K.
Murray, Kris A.
Van Sluys, Monique
Donnelly, Maureen A.
Stratford, Danial
Terhivuo, Juhani
Merino-Viteri, Andres
Herbert, Sarah M.
Bishop, Phillip J.
Corn, Paul Stephen
Dovey, Liz
Griffiths, Richard A.
Lowe, Katrin
Mahony, Michael
McCallum, Hamish
Shuker, Jonathan D.
Simpkins, Clay
Skerratt, Lee F.
Williams, Stephen E.
Hero, Jean-Marc
TI Engineering a future for amphibians under climate change
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
DE adaptation management; desiccation; hydroperiod; microclimate;
microhabitat; refuge; restoration; thermal stress
ID PLAIN DEPRESSION WETLANDS; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; COSTA-RICA;
CONSERVATION; DISEASE; MANAGEMENT; FROG; DECLINES; FOREST;
CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS
AB P>1. Altered global climates in the 21st century pose serious threats for biological systems and practical actions are needed to mount a response for species at risk.
2. We identify management actions from across the world and from diverse disciplines that are applicable to minimizing loss of amphibian biodiversity under climate change. Actions were grouped under three thematic areas of intervention: (i) installation of microclimate and microhabitat refuges; (ii) enhancement and restoration of breeding sites; and (iii) manipulation of hydroperiod or water levels at breeding sites.
3. Synthesis and applications. There are currently few meaningful management actions that will tangibly impact the pervasive threat of climate change on amphibians. A host of potentially useful but poorly tested actions could be incorporated into local or regional management plans, programmes and activities for amphibians. Examples include: installation of irrigation sprayers to manipulate water potentials at breeding sites; retention or supplementation of natural and artificial shelters (e.g. logs, cover boards) to reduce desiccation and thermal stress; manipulation of canopy cover over ponds to reduce water temperature; and, creation of hydrologoically diverse wetland habitats capable of supporting larval development under variable rainfall regimes. We encourage researchers and managers to design, test and scale up new initiatives to respond to this emerging crisis.
C1 [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[McMenamin, Sarah K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Murray, Kris A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Van Sluys, Monique] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, IBRAG, Dept Ecol, BR-20550900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
[Van Sluys, Monique; Stratford, Danial; Lowe, Katrin; Shuker, Jonathan D.; Simpkins, Clay; Hero, Jean-Marc] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Futures Ctr, Gold Coast Campus, Qld, Australia.
[Donnelly, Maureen A.] Florida Int Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Donnelly, Maureen A.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Terhivuo, Juhani] Univ Helsinki, Museum Zool, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Merino-Viteri, Andres] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, Quito, Ecuador.
[Herbert, Sarah M.] EcoGecko Consultants, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
[Bishop, Phillip J.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
[Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
[Dovey, Liz] Dept Climate Change, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
[Griffiths, Richard A.] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England.
[Mahony, Michael] Univ Newcastle, Dept Biol Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
[McCallum, Hamish] Griffith Univ, Environm Futures Ctr, Sch Environm, Nathan Campus, Qld, Australia.
[Skerratt, Lee F.] James Cook Univ, Amphibian Dis Ecol Grp, Sch Publ Hlth Trop Med & Rehabil Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Shoo, Luke P.; Merino-Viteri, Andres; Williams, Stephen E.] James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Ctr Trop Biodivers & Climate Change, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
RP Shoo, LP (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
EM l.shoo@uq.edu.au
RI Simpkins, Clay/E-9665-2011; Lowe, Katrin/F-1612-2011; McMenamin,
Sarah/A-3480-2011; Dovey, Liz/H-4932-2013; Skerratt, Lee/L-2797-2013;
Shoo, Luke/A-2715-2009; Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; Research ID, CTBCC
/O-3564-2014; McCallum, Hamish/E-1638-2013;
OI McCallum, Hamish/0000-0002-3493-0412; Shuker, Jon/0000-0002-0813-7402
NR 70
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 13
U2 125
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8901
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 2
BP 487
EP 492
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01942.x
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 734YI
UT WOS:000288379000025
ER
PT J
AU Morawski, AR
Johnson, CJ
AF Morawski, Aaron R.
Johnson, Christopher J.
TI Assessing Susceptibility of Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) to Prion
Diseases Using an In Vitro Conversion Assay
SO PRION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Morawski, Aaron R.; Johnson, Christopher J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Morawski, Aaron R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM cjjohnson@usgs.gov
RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009
OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE
PI AUSTIN
PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA
SN 1933-6896
EI 1933-690X
J9 PRION
JI Prion
PD APR-JUN
PY 2011
VL 5
SU S
MA Envt.14
BP 104
EP 104
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA V34DE
UT WOS:000209066300237
ER
PT J
AU Gumma, MK
Thenkabail, PS
Hideto, F
Nelson, A
Dheeravath, V
Busia, D
Rala, A
AF Gumma, Murali Krishna
Thenkabail, Prasad S.
Hideto, Fujii
Nelson, Andrew
Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu
Busia, Dawuni
Rala, Arnel
TI Mapping Irrigated Areas of Ghana Using Fusion of 30 m and 250 m
Resolution Remote-Sensing Data
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE irrigated areas; MODIS; Landsat ETM; Ghana; NDVI
ID USE/LAND-COVER LULC; TIME-SERIES; AVHRR DATA; MANAGEMENT; BASIN; INDIA;
WATER
AB Maps of irrigated areas are essential for Ghana's agricultural development. The goal of this research was to map irrigated agricultural areas and explain methods and protocols using remote sensing. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data and time-series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data were used to map irrigated agricultural areas as well as other land use/land cover (LULC) classes, for Ghana. Temporal variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) pattern obtained in the LULC class were used to identify irrigated and non-irrigated areas. First, the temporal variations in NDVI pattern were found to be more consistent in long-duration irrigated crops than with short-duration rainfed crops due to more assured water supply for irrigated areas. Second, surface water availability for irrigated areas is dependent on shallow dug-wells (on river banks) and dug-outs (in river bottoms) that affect the timing of crop sowing and growth stages, which was in turn reflected in the seasonal NDVI pattern. A decision tree approach using Landsat 30 m one time data fusion with MODIS 250 m time-series data was adopted to classify, group, and label classes. Finally, classes were tested and verified using ground truth data and national statistics. Fuzzy classification accuracy assessment for the irrigated classes varied between 67 and 93%. An irrigated area derived from remote sensing (32,421 ha) was 20-57% higher than irrigated areas reported by Ghana's Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA). This was because of the uncertainties involved in factors such as: (a) absence of shallow irrigated area statistics in GIDA statistics, (b) non-clarity in the irrigated areas in its use, under-development, and potential for development in GIDA statistics, (c) errors of omissions and commissions in the remote sensing approach, and (d) comparison involving widely varying data types, methods, and approaches used in determining irrigated area statistics using GIDA and remote sensing. Extensive field campaigns to help in better classification and validation of irrigated areas using high (30 m) to very high (< 5 m) resolution remote sensing data that are fused with multi temporal data like MODIS are the way forward. This is especially true in accounting for small yet contiguous patches of irrigated areas from dug-wells and dug-outs.
C1 [Gumma, Murali Krishna; Nelson, Andrew; Rala, Arnel] Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos 4031, Philippines.
[Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey USGS, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Hideto, Fujii] Japan Int Res Ctr Agr Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058686, Japan.
[Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu] United Nations Joint Logist Ctr, WFP, Juba, South Sudan, Sudan.
[Busia, Dawuni] GIDA, Accra 00233, Ghana.
RP Gumma, MK (reprint author), Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos 4031, Philippines.
EM m.gumma@cgiar.org; pthenkabail@usgs.gov; fhideto@affrc.go.jp;
a.nelson@irri.org; vdheeravath@gmail.com; busia.nd@gmail.com;
a.rala@cgiar.org
RI Nelson, Andrew/G-3649-2012
OI Nelson, Andrew/0000-0002-7249-3778
FU Rockefeller Foundation "Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications
for Food Security and Livelihoods" [2008-AGR-305]; Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation project "Stress-Tolerant Rice for Africa and South
Asia" (STRASA); Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF),
Japan
FX The authors acknowledge the International Water Management Institute and
International Rice Research Institute for providing necessary facilities
and infrastructure. This study was financially supported by the
Rockefeller Foundation through project number 2008-AGR-305 "Groundwater
in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Food Security and Livelihoods"
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation project "Stress-Tolerant Rice for
Africa and South Asia" (STRASA) and by the Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Japan. The authors would like thank to
Bill Hardy, Science Editor/Publisher, IRRI for the excellent editing of
grammar and English. The authors would like to thank Alankara Ranjith,
IWMI, for editing inland valley boundaries. This paper is not internally
reviewed by the US Geological Survey (USGS). Hence, the opinions
expressed here are those of the authors and not those of USGS.
NR 47
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 43
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 4
BP 816
EP 835
DI 10.3390/rs3040816
PG 20
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA 978MQ
UT WOS:000306746200010
ER
PT J
AU Metts, LS
Rawles, SD
Brady, YJ
Thompson, KR
Gannam, AL
Twibell, RG
Webster, CD
AF Metts, L. S.
Rawles, S. D.
Brady, Y. J.
Thompson, K. R.
Gannam, A. L.
Twibell, R. G.
Webster, C. D.
TI Amino acid availability from selected animal- and plant-derived
feedstuffs for market-size sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x Morone
saxatilis)
SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE amino acid availability; Morone; sunshine bass
ID APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS;
BY-PRODUCT MEALS; FISH-MEAL; PRACTICAL DIETS; FEED INGREDIENTS;
MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; DISTILLERS GRAINS; TOTAL REPLACEMENT; CHANNEL
CATFISH
AB A study was conducted with market-size (867 g) hybrid striped bass to determine the nutrient digestibility and apparent amino acid availability of six common feedstuffs. The animal-protein feedstuffs tested were menhaden fish meal (MEN), anchovy fish meal (ANCH), pet-food grade poultry by-product meal (PBM-pet), and feed-grade poultry by-product meal (PBM-feed), while the plant-protein feedstuffs were dehulled solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Test diets consisted of a 70 : 30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (10 g kg(-1)) as the inert marker. Diets were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks of fish that were fed their respective diets for 7 days prior to fecal collection by stripping. Two feeding trials were conducted sequentially to determine the digestibility of the six test ingredients. In trial 1, the three ingredients evaluated were MEN, PBM-feed, and PBM-pet. In trial 2, the three ingredients evaluated were ANCH, SBM, and DDGS. Apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (ADC-CP) were significantly (P < 0.05) different among test ingredients in trial 1 as protein digestibility of MEN (86%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of PBM-feed (75%), but was not significantly different from that of PBM-pet (78%). Protein digestibilities in trial 2 were not significantly different among test ingredients and averaged 76% for ANCH, SBM, and DDGS. Some apparent amino acid availability coefficients differed among feedstuffs for both trial 1 and trial 2. MEN provided higher amino acid availabilities for alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, valine, and tryptophan (99%, 98%, 94%, 96%, 99%, and 108%, respectively) whencompared to PBM-feed (73%, 50%, 69%, 80%, 77%, and 91%, respectively) and PBM-pet (79%, 66%, 81%, 81%, 78%, and 99% respectively). Glycine, histidine, leucine, and proline availabilities in MEN (95%, 96%, 100%, and 98%, respectively) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of PBM-feed (64%, 82%, 82%, and 57%, respectively), but were not significantly different from PBM-pet (85%, 92%, 89%, and 80%, respectively). For trial 2, apparent amino acid availabilities for cystine, isoleucine, lysine, and tyrosine were significantly higher (P < 0.05) among treatments fed SBM (100%, 87%, 93%, and 97%, respectively) and ANCH (37%, 95%, 92%, and 84%, respectively) compared to treatments fed DDGS (-13%, 52%, 62% and 62%, respectively). Overall, amino acid availability in SBM and the two PBM's appear comparable to MEN and ANCH and corroborate their high value as potential replacements for fish meal in sunshine bass diets. However, DDGS provided the lowest availabilities for several amino acids and should be used with caution.
C1 [Metts, L. S.; Thompson, K. R.; Webster, C. D.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA.
[Rawles, S. D.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA.
[Brady, Y. J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Gannam, A. L.; Twibell, R. G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA.
RP Webster, CD (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA.
EM carl.webster@kysu.edu
FU USDA [KYX-80-09-18A]
FX The authors thank ReGie Smith, Ashley Wimsatt, Daniel H. Yancey for help
in fecal collections, Rebecca Jacobs (USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, Arkansas) for
amino acid analysis, and N. Ann, N.I. Bulz, K.C., K.N. Dee, M.I. Key,
B.R. Lee, E.M. Ma, B. Rett, Cathy Rhin, M.S. Tee, Sam Wise, and D. R.
Wynn for technical assistance. This research was partially funded by a
USDA Capacity Building Grant to Kentucky State University and a USDA
grant under agreement KYX-80-09-18A to Kentucky State University.
NR 58
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1353-5773
J9 AQUACULT NUTR
JI Aquac. Nutr.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 17
IS 2
BP E123
EP E131
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00742.x
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 732XN
UT WOS:000288223100014
ER
PT J
AU Zielinski, RA
Al-Hwaiti, MS
Budahn, JR
Ranville, JF
AF Zielinski, Robert A.
Al-Hwaiti, Mohammad S.
Budahn, James R.
Ranville, James F.
TI Radionuclides, trace elements, and radium residence in phosphogypsum of
Jordan
SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Radium; Rare earth elements; Phosphogypsum; Barite; Radiobarite; Jordan
ID FLORIDA PHOSPHOGYPSUM; NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; RA-226;
COPRECIPITATION; RADIOCHEMISTRY; FRACTIONATION; EMANATION; URANIUM;
BARIUM
AB Voluminous stockpiles of phosphogypsum (PG) generated during the wet process production of phosphoric acid are stored at many sites around the world and pose problems for their safe storage, disposal, or utilization. A major concern is the elevated concentration of long-lived Ra-226 (half-life = 1,600 years) inherited from the processed phosphate rock. Knowledge of the abundance and mode-of-occurrence of radium (Ra) in PG is critical for accurate prediction of Ra leachability and radon (Rn) emanation, and for prediction of radiation-exposure pathways to workers and to the public. The mean (+/- SD) of Ra-226 concentrations in ten samples of Jordan PG is 601 +/- A 98 Bq/kg, which falls near the midrange of values reported for PG samples collected worldwide. Jordan PG generally shows no analytically significant enrichment (< 10%) of Ra-226 in the finer (< 53 mu m) grain size fraction. Phosphogypsum samples collected from two industrial sites with different sources of phosphate rock feedstock show consistent differences in concentration of Ra-226 and rare earth elements, and also consistent trends of enrichment in these elements with increasing age of PG. Water-insoluble residues from Jordan PG constitute < 10% of PG mass but contain 30-65% of the Ra-226. Ra-226 correlates closely with Ba in the water-insoluble residues. Uniformly tiny (< 10 mu m) grains of barite (barium sulfate) observed with scanning electron microscopy have crystal morphologies that indicate their formation during the wet process. Barite is a well-documented and efficient scavenger of Ra from solution and is also very insoluble in water and mineral acids. Radium-bearing barite in PG influences the environmental mobility of radium and the radiation-exposure pathways near PG stockpiles.
C1 [Zielinski, Robert A.; Budahn, James R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Al-Hwaiti, Mohammad S.; Ranville, James F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Zielinski, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rzielinski@usgs.gov
RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011;
OI ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885
NR 51
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0269-4042
EI 1573-2983
J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH
JI Environ. Geochem. Health
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 33
IS 2
BP 149
EP 165
DI 10.1007/s10653-010-9328-4
PG 17
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public,
Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Water Resources
GA 733HB
UT WOS:000288252700005
PM 20623320
ER
PT J
AU Chalmers, AT
Argue, DM
Gay, DA
Brigham, ME
Schmitt, CJ
Lorenz, DL
AF Chalmers, Ann T.
Argue, Denise M.
Gay, David A.
Brigham, Mark E.
Schmitt, Christopher J.
Lorenz, David L.
TI Mercury trends in fish from rivers and lakes in the United States,
1969-2005
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Mercury; Fish; Trends; Wet deposition; Atmospheric emissions
ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; ATMOSPHERIC
MERCURY; TEMPORAL TRENDS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; ANTHROPOGENIC
SOURCES; BIOMARKER RESPONSES; RECENT DECLINES; NORTH-AMERICA; DEPOSITION
AB A national dataset on concentrations of mercury in fish, compiled mainly from state and federal monitoring programs, was used to evaluate trends in mercury (Hg) in fish from US rivers and lakes. Trends were analyzed on data aggregated by site and by state, using samples of the same fish species and tissue type, and using fish of similar lengths. Site-based trends were evaluated from 1969 to 2005, but focused on a subset of the data from 1969 to 1987. Data aggregated by state were used to evaluate trends in fish Hg concentrations from 1988 to 2005. In addition, the most recent Hg fish data (1996-2005) were compared to wet Hg deposition data from the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) over the same period. Downward trends in Hg concentrations in fish from data collected during 1969-1987 exceeded upward trends by a ratio of 6 to 1. Declining Hg accumulation rates in sediment and peat cores reported by many studies during the 1970s and 1980s correspond with the period when the most downward trends in fish Hg concentrations occurred. Downward Hg trends in both sediment cores and fish were also consistent with the implementation of stricter regulatory controls of direct releases of Hg to the atmosphere and surface waters during the same period. The southeastern USA had more upward Hg trends in fish than other regions for both site and state aggregated data. Upward Hg trends in fish from the southeastern USA were associated with increases in wet deposition in the region and may be attributed to a greater influence of global atmospheric Hg emissions in the southeastern USA. No significant trends were found in 62% of the fish species from six states from 1996 to 2005. A lack of Hg trends in fish in the more recent data was consistent with the lack of trends in wet Hg deposition at MDN sites and with relatively constant global emissions during the same time period. Although few significant trends were observed in the more recent Hg concentrations in fish, it is anticipated that Hg concentrations in fish will respond to changes in atmospheric Hg deposition, however, the magnitude and timing of the response is uncertain.
C1 [Chalmers, Ann T.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA.
[Argue, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA.
[Gay, David A.] Illinois State Water Survey, NADP Program Off, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Brigham, Mark E.; Lorenz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA.
[Schmitt, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP Chalmers, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 87 State St,POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA.
EM chalmers@usgs.gov
OI Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800
FU US Geological Survey
FX This project was supported by the US Geological Survey National Water
Quality Assessment program. We thank Barb Scudder and Cory Stevens for
initiating the study and Stephen Wente for his extensive work on the
EMMMA dataset. The manuscript was improved by suggestions from Jamie
Shanley, Gregory Wetherbee, and Barbara Mahler of the US Geological
Survey, and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 65
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 38
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
EI 1573-2959
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 175
IS 1-4
BP 175
EP 191
DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1504-6
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 730II
UT WOS:000288026600016
PM 20535551
ER
PT J
AU Black, RW
Moran, PW
Frankforter, JD
AF Black, Robert W.
Moran, Patrick W.
Frankforter, Jill D.
TI Response of algal metrics to nutrients and physical factors and
identification of nutrient thresholds in agricultural streams
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Nutrients; Agriculture; Algal metrics; Streams; Thresholds; Habitat
ID BENTHIC ALGAE; PERIPHYTON BIOMASS; LAND-USE; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS;
ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; RANDOM FORESTS; WATER-QUALITY; RIVER-BASIN;
DISTURBANCE; DIATOMS
AB Many streams within the United States are impaired due to nutrient enrichment, particularly in agricultural settings. The present study examines the response of benthic algal communities in agricultural and minimally disturbed sites from across the western United States to a suite of environmental factors, including nutrients, collected at multiple scales. The first objective was to identify the relative importance of nutrients, habitat and watershed features, and macroinvertebrate trophic structure to explain algal metrics derived from deposition and erosion habitats. The second objective was to determine if thresholds in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) related to algal metrics could be identified and how these thresholds varied across metrics and habitats. Nutrient concentrations within the agricultural areas were elevated and greater than published threshold values. All algal metrics examined responded to nutrients as hypothesized. Although nutrients typically were the most important variables in explaining the variation in each of the algal metrics, environmental factors operating at multiple scales also were important. Calculated thresholds for TN or TP based on the algal metrics generated from samples collected from erosion and deposition habitats were not significantly different. Little variability in threshold values for each metric for TN and TP was observed. The consistency of the threshold values measured across multiple metrics and habitats suggest that the thresholds identified in this study are ecologically relevant. Additional work to characterize the relationship between algal metrics, physical and chemical features, and nuisance algal growth would be of benefit to the development of nutrient thresholds and criteria.
C1 [Black, Robert W.; Moran, Patrick W.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
[Frankforter, Jill D.] US Geol Survey, Montana Water Sci Ctr, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
RP Black, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
EM rwblack@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey
FX We thank the National Water Quality Assessment Program of the US
Geological Survey for funding this work. We appreciate all of the field
and laboratory work of numerous US Geological Survey staff throughout
this study.
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PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
EI 1573-2959
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 175
IS 1-4
BP 397
EP 417
DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1539-8
PG 21
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 730II
UT WOS:000288026600032
PM 20577796
ER
PT J
AU Feng, M
Liu, SG
Euliss, NH
Young, C
Mushet, DM
AF Feng, Min
Liu, Shuguang
Euliss, Ned H., Jr.
Young, Claudia
Mushet, David M.
TI Prototyping an online wetland ecosystem services model using open model
sharing standards
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
LA English
DT Article
DE Geospatial modeling; Model sharing; Ecosystem simulation; Open
geospatial consortium, OGC; Service-oriented architecture, SOA; Online
modeling; Ecosystem services
ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; TOOLS; MANAGEMENT; COMPONENT
AB Great interest currently exists for developing ecosystem models to forecast how ecosystem services may change under alternative land use and climate futures. Ecosystem services are diverse and include supporting services or functions (e.g., primary production, nutrient cycling), provisioning services (e.g., wildlife, groundwater), regulating services (e.g., water purification, floodwater retention), and even cultural services (e.g., ecotourism, cultural heritage). Hence, the knowledge base necessary to quantify ecosystem services is broad and derived from many diverse scientific disciplines. Building the required interdisciplinary models is especially challenging as modelers from different locations and times may develop the disciplinary models needed for ecosystem simulations, and these models must be identified and made accessible to the interdisciplinary simulation. Additional difficulties include inconsistent data structures, formats, and metadata required by geospatial models as well as limitations on computing, storage, and connectivity. Traditional standalone and closed network systems cannot fully support sharing and integrating interdisciplinary geospatial models from variant sources. To address this need, we developed an approach to openly share and access geospatial computational models using distributed Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and open geospatial standards. We included a means to share computational models compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Processing Services (WPS) standard to ensure modelers have an efficient and simplified means to publish new models. To demonstrate our approach, we developed five disciplinary models that can be integrated and shared to simulate a few of the ecosystem services (e.g., water storage, waterfowl breeding) that are provided by wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Feng, Min] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
[Feng, Min] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Euliss, Ned H., Jr.; Mushet, David M.] USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Young, Claudia] ADNET Syst Inc, Contractor USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Feng, M (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM feng.tank@gmail.com
FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Resources Conservation
Service's (NRCS); USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA); USGS; State 863
Program of China [2006AA01A120]; Natural Science Foundation of China
[40801180]
FX This study was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National
Resources Conservation Service's (NRCS) Conservation Effects Assessment
Program (CEAP) - Wetlands, USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA), USGS, State
863 Program of China (2006AA01A120), and Natural Science Foundation of
China (40801180). Zhengpeng Li provided the ET model module. The authors
also give special thanks to Craig Walters for improving the English.
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-8152
EI 1873-6726
J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW
JI Environ. Modell. Softw.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 4
BP 458
EP 468
DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.10.008
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 716IU
UT WOS:000286963100011
ER
PT J
AU Gray, MA
Stone, RP
McLaughlin, MR
Kellogg, CA
AF Gray, Michael A.
Stone, Robert P.
McLaughlin, Molly R.
Kellogg, Christina A.
TI Microbial consortia of gorgonian corals from the Aleutian islands
SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE cold-water coral; deep sea; bacteria; mycoplasma
ID LOPHELIA-PERTUSA SCLERACTINIA; COLD-WATER CORALS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES;
SP-NOV.; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS; GEN. NOV.;
DIVERSITY; DEEP; SEA
AB Gorgonians make up the majority of corals in the Aleutian archipelago and provide critical fish habitat in areas of economically important fisheries. The microbial ecology of the deep-sea gorgonian corals Paragorgea arborea, Plumarella superba, and Cryogorgia koolsae was examined with culture-based and 16S rRNA gene-based techniques. Six coral colonies (two per species) were collected. Samples from all corals were cultured, and clone libraries were constructed from P. superba and C. koolsae. Cultured bacteria were dominated by the Gammaproteobacteria, especially Vibrionaceae, with other phyla comprising < 6% of the isolates. The clone libraries showed dramatically different bacterial communities between corals of the same species collected at different sites, with no clear pattern of conserved bacterial consortia. Two of the clone libraries (one from each coral species) were dominated by Tenericutes, with Alphaproteobacteria dominating the remaining sequences. The other libraries were more diverse and had a more even distribution of bacterial phyla, showing more similarity between genera than within coral species. Here we report the first microbiological characterization of P. arborea, P. superba, and C. koolsae.
C1 [Gray, Michael A.; McLaughlin, Molly R.; Kellogg, Christina A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Stone, Robert P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA.
RP Kellogg, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM ckellogg@usgs.gov
OI Kellogg, Christina/0000-0002-6492-9455
FU North Pacific Research Board; National Marine Fisheries Service (Alaska
Fisheries Science Center)
FX The authors especially thank the crew of the RV Velero IV, Delta
Oceanographics, and Helmut Lehnert and Dave Carlile for help in
collecting the study animals. This project was partially funded by the
North Pacific Research Board and National Marine Fisheries Service
(Alaska Fisheries Science Center). Any use of trade names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
Government.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0168-6496
J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL
JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 76
IS 1
BP 109
EP 120
DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.01033.x
PG 12
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 730ZF
UT WOS:000288075400010
PM 21223327
ER
PT J
AU Spooner, DE
Xenopoulos, MA
Schneider, C
Woolnough, DA
AF Spooner, Daniel E.
Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.
Schneider, Christof
Woolnough, Daelyn A.
TI Coextirpation of host-affiliate relationships in rivers: the role of
climate change, water withdrawal, and host-specificity
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE biodiversity; climate change; discharge; extirpation; fish; functional
redundancy; habitat modeling; host-specificity; mussel; simulation
ID FRESH-WATER; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RISK; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA;
MUSSEL ASSEMBLAGES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM; SEVERE DROUGHT; COASTAL-PLAIN;
UNITED-STATES; ZEBRA MUSSELS
AB The role of climate-related disturbances on complex host-affiliate relationships remains understudied, largely because affiliate species vary in host use and are often differentially susceptible to disturbance relative to their hosts. Here we report the first set of host-affiliate species-discharge relationships (SDR) in freshwater and examine how anticipated shifts in water availability (flow) will impact coextirpations. We used SDR for freshwater mussels and fish across 11 regions (over 350 rivers) in the continental United States that we coupled to future water availability (2070) to model mussel and fish coextirpations. We also used river-specific host-affiliate matrices (presence-absence) to evaluate how host-specificity (mean number of hosts used by an affiliate) and host-overlap (extent to which affiliates share hosts) relate to extirpation vulnerability. We found that the strength and predictability of SDR models vary geographically and that mussels were more susceptible to flow alterations than fish. These patterns of extirpations were strongest in the southeast where: (1) flow reductions are expected to be greatest; (2) more species are lost per unit flow; (3) and more mussels are expected to be lost per unit of fish. We also found that overall mussel losses associated with reduction in habitat (water availability) were greater than those associated with loss of fish hosts which we assumed to be a function of host redundancy. These findings highlight the utility of SDR as a tool for conservation efforts but they also demonstrate the potential severity of reductions in mussel and fish richness as consequence of climate change and water use. Mussels provide key ecosystem services but face multiple pronged attacks from reductions in flow, habitat, and fish hosts. These losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functions can translate into major effects on food webs and nutrient recycling.
C1 [Spooner, Daniel E.; Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.; Woolnough, Daelyn A.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
[Schneider, Christof] Univ Kassel, Ctr Environm Syst Res, Kassel, Germany.
RP Spooner, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA.
EM dspooner45@gmail.com
FU Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC);
NSERC
FX We thank David Strayer, Ethan Nedeau, and Marsha May for their kind
sharing of data. We thank Joseph Alcamo (Kassel University) for sharing
his WaterGAP model. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their
constructive comments that improved the manuscript. This project was
funded through Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council (NSERC) Discovery and NSERC Strategic grants as well as an Early
Researcher award to MAX.
NR 80
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U1 4
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 17
IS 4
BP 1720
EP 1732
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02372.x
PG 13
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 728CZ
UT WOS:000287853000019
ER
PT J
AU Mast, MA
Turk, JT
Clow, DW
Campbell, DH
AF Mast, M. Alisa
Turk, John T.
Clow, David W.
Campbell, Donald H.
TI Response of lake chemistry to changes in atmospheric deposition and
climate in three high-elevation wilderness areas of Colorado
SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Atmospheric deposition; Water chemistry; Lake; Climate; Trends;
Weathering; Alpine
ID STABLE SULFUR ISOTOPES; SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO; HIGH ALPINE LAKE;
NITROGEN DEPOSITION; FRONT RANGE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; UNITED-STATES;
SURFACE WATERS; CRITICAL LOADS; SIERRA-NEVADA
AB Trends in precipitation chemistry and hydrologic and climatic data were examined as drivers of long-term changes in the chemical composition of high-elevation lakes in three wilderness areas in Colorado during 1985-2008. Sulfate concentrations in precipitation decreased at a rate of -0.15 to -0.55 mu eq/l/year at 10 high-elevation National Atmospheric Deposition Program stations in the state during 1987-2008 reflecting regional reductions in SO2 emissions. In lakes where sulfate is primarily derived from atmospheric inputs, sulfate concentrations also decreased although the rates generally were less, ranging from -0.12 to -0.27 mu eq/l/year. The similarity in timing and sulfur isotopic data support the hypothesis that decreases in atmospheric deposition are driving the response of high-elevation lakes in some areas of the state. By contrast, in lakes where sulfate is derived primarily from watershed weathering sources, sulfate concentrations showed sharp increases during 1985-2008. Analysis of long-term climate records indicates that annual air temperatures have increased between 0.45 and 0.93A degrees C per decade throughout most mountainous areas of Colorado, suggesting climate as a factor. Isotopic data reveal that sulfate in these lakes is largely derived from pyrite, which may indicate climate warming is preferentially affecting the rate of pyrite weathering.
C1 [Mast, M. Alisa; Turk, John T.; Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Campbell, Donald H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Branch Reg Res, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mamast@usgs.gov
OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824
FU USDA Forest Service Region; Colorado Department of Public Health and
Environment; U.S. Geological Survey
FX Primary support for the project came from the USDA Forest Service Region
2, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, and the
U.S. Geological Survey Coop Program. The authors are grateful to the
numerous U. S. Geological Survey employees, contractors, students, and
volunteers who worked long hours in often challenging weather conditions
to maintain the long-term water-quality records at the study lakes. We
thank D. Burns and G. Wetherbee for providing helpful comments on an
earlier version of the manuscript.
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PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-2563
J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
JI Biogeochemistry
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 103
IS 1-3
BP 27
EP 43
DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9443-4
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 726TW
UT WOS:000287750100003
ER
PT J
AU Mitchell, MJ
Lovett, G
Bailey, S
Beall, F
Burns, D
Buso, D
Clair, TA
Courchesne, F
Duchesne, L
Eimers, C
Fernandez, I
Houle, D
Jeffries, DS
Likens, GE
Moran, MD
Rogers, C
Schwede, D
Shanley, J
Weathers, KC
Vet, R
AF Mitchell, Myron J.
Lovett, Gary
Bailey, Scott
Beall, Fred
Burns, Doug
Buso, Don
Clair, Thomas A.
Courchesne, Francois
Duchesne, Louis
Eimers, Cathy
Fernandez, Ivan
Houle, Daniel
Jeffries, Dean S.
Likens, Gene E.
Moran, Michael D.
Rogers, Christopher
Schwede, Donna
Shanley, Jamie
Weathers, Kathleen C.
Vet, Robert
TI Comparisons of watershed sulfur budgets in southeast Canada and
northeast US: new approaches and implications
SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Watersheds; Sulfur budgets; Atmospheric deposition models; Acidic
deposition; Recovery; Northeast US; Southeast Canada
ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AIR ACT AMENDMENTS;
NEW-YORK-STATE; DRY DEPOSITION; HUBBARD-BROOK; UNITED-STATES;
ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; CRITICAL LOADS
AB Most of eastern North America receives elevated levels of atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) that result from anthropogenic SO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Atmospheric S deposition has acidified sensitive terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in this region; however, deposition has been declining since the 1970s, resulting in some recovery in previously acidified aquatic ecosystems. Accurate watershed S mass balances help to evaluate the extent to which atmospheric S deposition is retained within ecosystems, and whether internal cycling sources and biogeochemical processes may be affecting the rate of recovery from decreasing S atmospheric loads. This study evaluated S mass balances for 15 sites with watersheds in southeastern Canada and northeastern US for the period 1985 to 2002. These 15 sites included nine in Canada (Turkey Lakes, ON; Harp Lake, ON; Plastic Lake, ON; Hermine, QC; Lake Laflamme, QC; Lake Clair, QC; Lake Tirasse, QC; Mersey, NS; Moosepit, NS) and six in the US (Arbutus Lake, NY; Biscuit Brook, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Cone Pond, NH; Bear Brook Watershed, ME). Annual S wet deposition inputs were derived from measured bulk or wet-only deposition and stream export was obtained by combining drainage water fluxes with SO4 (2-) concentrations. Dry deposition has the greatest uncertainty of any of the mass flux calculations necessary to develop accurate watershed balances, and here we developed a new method to calculate this quantity. We utilized historical information from both the US National Emissions Inventory and the US (CASTNET) and the Canadian (CAPMoN) dry deposition networks to develop a formulation that predicted SO2 concentrations as a function of SO2 emissions, latitude and longitude. The SO2 concentrations were used to predict dry deposition using relationships between concentrations and deposition flux derived from the CASTNET or CAPMoN networks. For the year 2002, we compared the SO2 concentrations and deposition predictions with the predictions of two continental-scale air quality models, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model and A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System (AURAMS) that utilize complete inventories of emissions and chemical budgets. The results of this comparison indicated that the predictive relationship provides an accurate representation of SO2 concentrations and S deposition for the region that is generally consistent with these models, and thus provides confidence that our approach could be used to develop accurate watershed S budgets for these 15 sites. Most watersheds showed large net losses of SO4 (2-) on an annual basis, and the watershed mass balances were grouped into five categories based on the relative value of mean annual net losses or net gains. The net annual fluxes of SO4 (2-) showed a strong relationship with hydrology; the largest net annual negative fluxes were associated with years of greatest precipitation amount and highest discharge. The important role of catchment hydrology on S budgets suggests implications for future predicted climate change as it affects patterns of precipitation and drought. The sensitivity of S budgets is likely to be greatest in watersheds with the greatest wetland area, which are particularly sensitive to drying and wetting cycles.
A small number of the watersheds in this analysis were shown to have substantial S sources from mineral weathering, but most sowed evidence of an internal source of SO4 (2-), which is likely from the mineralization of organic S stored from decades of increased S deposition. Mobilization of this internal S appears to contribute about 1-6 kg S ha(-1) year(-1) to stream fluxes at these sites and is affecting the rate and extent of recovery from acidification as S deposition rates have declined in recent years. This internal S source should be considered when developing critical deposition loads that will promote ecosystem recovery from acidification and the depletion of nutrient cations in the northeastern US and southeastern Canada.
C1 [Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
[Lovett, Gary] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.
[Bailey, Scott] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA.
[Beall, Fred] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.
[Burns, Doug] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Buso, Don] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Campton, NH 03223 USA.
[Clair, Thomas A.] Environm Canada, Water Sci & Technol Branch, Sackville, NB E4L 1G6, Canada.
[Courchesne, Francois] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
[Eimers, Cathy] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
[Fernandez, Ivan] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
[Houle, Daniel] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E, Canada.
[Jeffries, Dean S.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Aquat Ecosyst Res Impacts Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Likens, Gene E.; Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.
[Rogers, Christopher] MACTEC Engn & Consulting Inc, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA.
[Schwede, Donna] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Shanley, Jamie] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA.
[Moran, Michael D.; Vet, Robert] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Houle, Daniel] Minist Ressources Nat & Faune Quebec, Direct Rech Forestiere, Quebec City, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada.
RP Mitchell, MJ (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
EM mitchell@syr.edu; lovettg@caryinstitute.org; swbailey@fs.fed.us;
fbeall@NRCan.gc.ca; daburns@usgs.gov; dbuso@worldpath.net;
tom.clair@ec.gc.ca; francois.courchesne@umontreal.ca;
louis.duchesne@mrnf.gouv.qc.ca; ceimers@trentu.ca; ivanjf@maine.edu;
daniel.houle@mrnf.gouv.qc.ca; Dean.Jeffries@ec.gc.ca;
likensg@ecostudies.org; Mike.Moran@ec.gc.ca; cmrogers@mactec.com;
schwede.donna@epa.gov; jshanley@usgs.gov; weathersk@ecostudies.org;
Robert.Vet@ec.gc.ca
RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013;
OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X
FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Environment Canada; Fonds de Recherche sur
la nature et les technologuies (FQRNT) du Quebec; National Resources
Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of
Canada; US National Science Foundation; New York City Department of
Environmental Protection; New York State Energy Research Development
Authority; Northeast Ecosystem Research Cooperative (NERC); Ontario
Ministry of Environment; US Forest Services; US EPA; US Geological
Survey; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FX This work was supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Environment
Canada, Fonds de Recherche sur la nature et les technologuies (FQRNT) du
Quebec, National Resources Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, US National Science Foundation
including the LTER and LTREB programs, New York City Department of
Environmental Protection, New York State Energy Research Development
Authority, Northeast Ecosystem Research Cooperative (NERC), Ontario
Ministry of Environment, US Forest Services, US EPA, and US Geological
Survey. We acknowledge funding support for sample collection and
analysis by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Long-Term
Monitoring program. The comments of Tom Huntington and J. E. Sickles on
this manuscript were most helpful. Kim McEathron helped with some of the
figures. The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its
Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research
described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for
publication.
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PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-2563
J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
JI Biogeochemistry
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 103
IS 1-3
BP 181
EP 207
DI 10.1007/s10533-010-9455-0
PG 27
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 726TW
UT WOS:000287750100012
ER
PT J
AU Meinertz, JR
Schreier, TM
Hess, KR
Bartsch, MR
AF Meinertz, Jeffery R.
Schreier, Theresa M.
Hess, Karina R.
Bartsch, Michelle R.
TI Survival and growth of newly transformed Lampsilis cardium and Lampsilis
siliquoidea in a flow-through, continuous feeding test system
SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE juvenile mussels; laboratory cultures; diet; chronic exposure
ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; LIMNOSCAPHA MYERSIANA LEA; EARLY-LIFE STAGES;
CHRONIC TOXICITY; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; JUVENILES; GLOCHIDIA; SEDIMENT;
AMMONIA
AB A test system was evaluated for assessing chronic toxicity of waterborne chemicals with early life stage mussels. To determine if the test system could result in >= 80% survival in a control (unexposed) group, fat mucket mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea Barnes, 1823) and plain pocketbook mussels (L. cardium Rafinesque, 1820) 1 day post transformation were stocked into test chambers (250 mL beakers, water volume, 200 mL, 21 degrees C, 40 mussels of 1 species per chamber) within a test system constructed for conducting chronic, continuous exposure, flow-through toxicity tests. The test system contained 60 chambers containing silica sand, 30 chambers with L. siliquoidea, and 30 with L. cardium. Each chamber in the continuous feeding system received 1 of 6 food types prepared with concentrated algal products. After 28 days, mussels were harvested from chambers to assess survival and growth. For L. siliquoidea, mean survival ranged from 34 to 80% and mean shell length ranged from 464 to 643 mu m. For L. cardium, mean survival ranged from 12 to 66% and mean shell length ranged from 437 to 612 mu m. The maximum mean growth rate for L. siliquoidea was 12.7 mu m/d and for L. cardium was 11.8 mu m/d. When offered a continuous diet of Nannochloropsis, Tetraselmis, and Chlorella for 28 days in the test system, the survival of 1 day post transformation L. siliquoidea was 80%. The test system can be easily enhanced with a pumping system continuously delivering test chemical to the test system's flow stream allowing for chronic toxicity tests with 1 day post transformation mussels.
C1 [Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Schreier, Theresa M.; Hess, Karina R.; Bartsch, Michelle R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov
OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC
PI WILMINGTON
PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA
SN 0740-2783
EI 2162-2698
J9 AM MALACOL BULL
JI Am. Malacol. Bull.
PD MAR 31
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 1-2
BP 69
EP 75
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 748IR
UT WOS:000289384800006
ER
PT J
AU Gomberg, J
Felzer, K
AF Gomberg, Joan
Felzer, Karen
TI Reply to "Comment on 'A model of earthquake triggering probabilities and
application to dynamic deformations constrained by ground motion
observations' by Ross Stein"
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID AFTERSHOCKS
C1 [Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Felzer, Karen] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 92206 USA.
RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM gomberg@usgs.gov; kfelzer@usgs.gov
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAR 30
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B03313
DI 10.1029/2010JB008094
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 744GP
UT WOS:000289083200004
ER
PT J
AU Stein, RS
AF Stein, Ross S.
TI Comment on "A model of earthquake triggering probabilities and
application to dynamic deformations constrained by ground motion
observations" by Joan Gomberg and Karen Felzer
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID AFTERSHOCKS
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Stein, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM rstein@usgs.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAR 30
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B03312
DI 10.1029/2010JB007990
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 744GP
UT WOS:000289083200003
ER
PT J
AU Fee, D
Garces, M
Orr, T
Poland, M
AF Fee, David
Garces, Milton
Orr, Tim
Poland, Mike
TI Infrasound from the 2007 fissure eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Varied acoustic signals were recorded at Kilauea Volcano in mid-2007, coincident with dramatic changes in the volcano's activity. Prior to this time period, Pu'u 'O'o crater produced near-continuous infrasonic tremor and was the primary source of degassing and lava effusion at Kilauea. Collapse and draining of Pu'u 'O'o crater in mid-June produced impulsive infrasonic signals and fluctuations in infrasonic tremor. Fissure eruptions on 19 June and 21 July were clearly located spatially and temporally using infrasound arrays. The 19 June eruption from a fissure approximately mid-way between Kilauea's summit and Pu'u 'O'o produced infrasound for similar to 30 minutes-the only observed geophysical signal associated with the fissure opening. The infrasound signal from the 21 July eruption just east of Pu'u 'O'o shows a clear azimuthal progression over time, indicative of fissure propagation over 12.9 hours. The total fissure propagation rate is relatively slow at 164 m/hr, although the fissure system ruptured discontinuously. Individual fissure rupture times are estimated using the acoustic data combined with visual observations. Citation: Fee, D., M. Garces, T. Orr, and M. Poland (2011), Infrasound from the 2007 fissure eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06309, doi:10.1029/2010GL046422.
C1 [Fee, David] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Garces, Milton] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Infrasound Lab, Kailua, HI 96740 USA.
[Orr, Tim; Poland, Mike] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
RP Fee, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Wilson Infrasound Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM dfee@gi.alaska.edu
FU NSF [EAR-0609669]
FX The authors wish to thank HVO for their continued support, particularly
Frank Trusdell for hosting the array. Additional field work was done by
James Robertson. This manuscript was improved by thoughtful reviews from
Rick Hoblitt, Seth Moran, James Kauahikaua, and two anonymous reviewers.
Funding support was provided by NSF grant EAR-0609669.
NR 17
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 30
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L06309
DI 10.1029/2010GL046422
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 744IN
UT WOS:000289088200001
ER
PT J
AU Foster, AL
Rytuba, JJ
John, DA
Ludingtom, SD
Kotlyar, B
AF Foster, Andrea L.
Rytuba, James J.
John, David A.
Ludingtom, Steven D.
Kotlyar, Boris
TI Speciation of gallium in a potential new source: Advanced argillic
alteration zones of preexisting mineral deposits
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society
(ACS)
CY MAR 27-31, 2011
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 [Foster, Andrea L.; Rytuba, James J.; John, David A.; Ludingtom, Steven D.; Kotlyar, Boris] US Geol Survey, Western Mineral & Environm Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 27
PY 2011
VL 241
MA 16-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 782BO
UT WOS:000291982804846
ER
PT J
AU Hayes, S
Foster, A
AF Hayes, Sarah
Foster, Andrea
TI X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic study of tellurium compounds
representative of environmental and industrially important species
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society
(ACS)
CY MAR 27-31, 2011
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 [Hayes, Sarah; Foster, Andrea] US Geol Survey, Western Mineral & Environm Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 27
PY 2011
VL 241
MA 19-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 782BO
UT WOS:000291982804849
ER
PT J
AU Jin, JM
Kim, S
Birdwell, JE
AF Jin, Jang Mi
Kim, Sunghwan
Birdwell, Justin E.
TI Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by
different pyrolysis methods using FT-ICR mass spectrometry
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society
(ACS)
CY MAR 27-31, 2011
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Taegu, South Korea.
US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 27
PY 2011
VL 241
MA 333-FUEL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 782BO
UT WOS:000291982804749
ER
PT J
AU McDaniel, TJ
Nalli, TW
Bartsch, LA
Bartsch, MR
Richardson, WB
AF McDaniel, Tanner J.
Nalli, Thomas W.
Bartsch, Lynn A.
Bartsch, Michelle R.
Richardson, William B.
TI GC-MS identification of unknown constituents in lipid extracts from
biota sampled from the Upper Mississippi River
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society
(ACS)
CY MAR 27-31, 2011
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Winona State Univ, Dept Chem, Winona, MN 55987 USA.
US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 27
PY 2011
VL 241
MA 561-CHED
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 782BO
UT WOS:000291982800539
ER
PT J
AU Morissette, C
Stillings, L
AF Morissette, Claude
Stillings, Lisa
TI Impact of geological environment on the lithium concentration and
structural composition of hectorite clays
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society
(ACS)
CY MAR 27-31, 2011
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 Univ Nevada, Grad Program Hydrol Sci, MS175, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, MS176, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 27
PY 2011
VL 241
MA 18-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 782BO
UT WOS:000291982804848
ER
PT J
AU Stillings, LL
Foster, AL
AF Stillings, Lisa L.
Foster, Andrea L.
TI What do we know about the environmental chemistry of scarce,
technologically-important metals: Ga, In, Li, and Te?
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society
(ACS)
CY MAR 27-31, 2011
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 US Geol Survey, Western Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Reno, NV USA.
US Geol Survey, Western Mineral & Environm Resources Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 27
PY 2011
VL 241
MA 14-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 782BO
UT WOS:000291982804844
ER
PT J
AU Warren, E
AF Warren, Ean
TI Chemistry and the environment film series: "Manufactured Landscapes"
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society
(ACS)
CY MAR 27-31, 2011
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 [Warren, Ean] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 27
PY 2011
VL 241
MA 7-CEI
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 782BO
UT WOS:000291982802295
ER
PT J
AU Scandella, BP
Varadharajan, C
Hemond, HF
Ruppel, C
Juanes, R
AF Scandella, Benjamin P.
Varadharajan, Charuleka
Hemond, Harold F.
Ruppel, Carolyn
Juanes, Ruben
TI A conduit dilation model of methane venting from lake sediments
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROCARBON SEEPS; BUBBLE PLUMES; GAS-BUBBLES; WATER; FLUXES;
ATMOSPHERE; OXIDATION; GROWTH; OCEAN; BASIN
AB Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, but its effects on Earth's climate remain poorly constrained, in part due to uncertainties in global methane fluxes to the atmosphere. An important source of atmospheric methane is the methane generated in organic-rich sediments underlying surface water bodies, including lakes, wetlands, and the ocean. The fraction of the methane that reaches the atmosphere depends critically on the mode and spatiotemporal characteristics of free-gas venting from the underlying sediments. Here we propose that methane transport in lake sediments is controlled by dynamic conduits, which dilate and release gas as the falling hydrostatic pressure reduces the effective stress below the tensile strength of the sediments. We test our model against a four-month record of hydrostatic load and methane flux in Upper Mystic Lake, Mass., USA, and show that it captures the complex episodicity of methane ebullition. Our quantitative conceptualization opens the door to integrated modeling of methane transport to constrain global methane release from lakes and other shallow-water, organic-rich sediment systems, and to assess its climate feedbacks. Citation: Scandella, B. P., C. Varadharajan, H. F. Hemond, C. Ruppel, and R. Juanes (2011), A conduit dilation model of methane venting from lake sediments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06408, doi:10.1029/2011GL046768.
C1 [Scandella, Benjamin P.; Varadharajan, Charuleka; Hemond, Harold F.; Juanes, Ruben] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Varadharajan, Charuleka] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ruppel, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Scandella, BP (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM juanes@mit.edu
RI Juanes, Ruben/F-8004-2011; Varadharajan, Charuleka/G-3741-2015;
OI Varadharajan, Charuleka/0000-0002-4142-3224; Ruppel,
Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC26-06NT43067, DE-AI26-05NT42496]; NSF
[0726806]; GSA; MIT; Linden; Ippen
FX We thank P. B. Flemings and F.-J. Ulm for discussions on the model
formulation, and E. Borja and A. P. Tcaciuc for assistance with
collection of field data. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their
comments, which helped improved the paper. This work was supported by
the U.S. Department of Energy (grants DE-FC26-06NT43067 and
DE-AI26-05NT42496), an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Research grant
(0726806), a GSA Graduate Student Research grant, and MIT Martin, Linden
and Ippen fellowships. Any use of a trade, product, or firm name is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S.
Government.
NR 36
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 26
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L06408
DI 10.1029/2011GL046768
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 741LI
UT WOS:000288864800001
ER
PT J
AU Bencala, KE
Gooseff, MN
Kimball, BA
AF Bencala, Kenneth E.
Gooseff, Michael N.
Kimball, Briant A.
TI Rethinking hyporheic flow and transient storage to advance understanding
of stream-catchment connections
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ZONE; EXCHANGE; USA;
ECOLOGY; TRACER; OREGON; CREEK
AB Although surface water and groundwater are increasingly referred to as one resource, there remain environmental and ecosystem needs to study the 10 m to 1 km reach scale as one hydrologic system. Streams gain and lose water over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Large spatial scales (kilometers) have traditionally been recognized and studied as river-aquifer connections. Over the last 25 years hyporheic exchange flows (1-10 m) have been studied extensively. Often a transient storage model has been used to quantify the physical solute transport setting in which biogeochemical processes occur. At the longer 10mto 1 km scale of stream reaches it is now clear that streams which gain water overall can coincidentally lose water to the subsurface. At this scale, the amounts of water transferred are not necessarily significant but the exchanges can, however, influence solute transport. The interpretation of seemingly straightforward questions about water, contaminant, and nutrient fluxes into and along a stream can be confounded by flow losses which are too small to be apparent in stream gauging and along flow paths too long to be detected in tracer experiments. We suggest basic hydrologic approaches, e. g., measurement of flow along the channel, surface and subsurface solute sampling, and routine measurements of the water table that, in our opinion, can be used to extend simple exchange concepts from the hyporheic exchange scale to a scale of stream-catchment connection.
C1 [Bencala, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Gooseff, Michael N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Utah Water Sci Ctr, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA.
RP Bencala, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 466,345 Middlefield Rd,Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM kbencala@usgs.gov
RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015
OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315
NR 28
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 2
U2 40
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAR 26
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W00H03
DI 10.1029/2010WR010066
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 741PE
UT WOS:000288874900002
ER
PT J
AU Hough, SE
Page, M
AF Hough, Susan E.
Page, Morgan
TI Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New
Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; MOMENT
ASSESSMENT; GROUND MOTION; EARTHQUAKES; MAGNITUDE; DEFORMATION;
AFTERSHOCKS; LOCATION; RATES
AB At the heart of the conundrum of seismogenesis in the New Madrid Seismic Zone is the apparently substantial discrepancy between low strain rate and high recent seismic moment release. In this study we revisit the magnitudes of the four principal 1811-1812 earthquakes using intensity values determined from individual assessments from four experts. Using these values and the grid search method of Bakun and Wentworth (1997), we estimate magnitudes around 7.0 for all four events, values that are significantly lower than previously published magnitude estimates based on macroseismic intensities. We further show that the strain rate predicted from postglacial rebound is sufficient to produce a sequence with the moment release of one M(max)6.8 every 500 years, a rate that is much lower than previous estimates of late Holocene moment release. However, M(w)6.8 is at the low end of the uncertainty range inferred from analysis of intensities for the largest 1811-1812 event. We show that M(w)6.8 is also a reasonable value for the largest main shock given a plausible rupture scenario. One can also construct a range of consistent models that permit a somewhat higher M-max, with a longer average recurrence rate. It is thus possible to reconcile predicted strain and seismic moment release rates with alternative models: one in which 1811-1812 sequences occur every 500 years, with the largest events being M-max similar to 6.8, or one in which sequences occur, on average, less frequently, with M-max of similar to 7.0. Both models predict that the late Holocene rate of activity will continue for the next few to 10 thousand years.
C1 [Hough, Susan E.; Page, Morgan] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
EM hough@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
[N6501 RES-08-129]
FX The intensity assignments analyzed in this study were made by Duncan
Agnew, Paola Albini, Kenneth Burke, and Stacey Martin. We thank Walter
Szeliga, Tom Pratt, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews
of the manuscript, and Bill Bakun for providing his grid search code. We
further acknowledge additional reviews from Rob Williams, Rus Wheeler,
Jack Boatwright, Bill Bakun, Thomas Brocher, and Jeanne Hardebeck.
Robert Nowack is gratefully acknowledged for editorial wisdom and
patience. Figures were generated using GMT software [Wessel and Smith,
1999]. This work was supported by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research Project N6501 RES-08-129. Any
opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this material are those
of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 61
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Z9 37
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAR 25
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B03311
DI 10.1029/2010JB007783
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 741NF
UT WOS:000288869700001
ER
PT J
AU Mursula, K
Tanskanen, E
Love, JJ
AF Mursula, K.
Tanskanen, E.
Love, J. J.
TI Spring-fall asymmetry of substorm strength, geomagnetic activity and
solar wind: Implications for semiannual variation and solar hemispheric
asymmetry
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-SOUTH ASYMMETRY; SPEED
AB We study the seasonal variation of substorms, geomagnetic activity and their solar wind drivers in 1993-2008. The number of substorms and substorm mean duration depict an annual variation with maxima in Winter and Summer, respectively, reflecting the annual change of the local ionosphere. In contradiction, substorm mean amplitude, substorm total efficiency and global geomagnetic activity show a dominant annual variation, with equinoctial maxima alternating between Spring in solar cycle 22 and Fall in cycle 23. The largest annual variations were found in 1994 and 2003, in the declining phase of the two cycles when high-speed streams dominate the solar wind. A similar, large annual variation is found in the solar wind driver of substorms and geomagnetic activity, which implies that the annual variation of substorm strength, substorm efficiency and geomagnetic activity is not due to ionospheric conditions but to a hemispherically asymmetric distribution of solar wind which varies from one cycle to another. Our results imply that the overall semiannual variation in global geomagnetic activity has been seriously overestimated, and is largely an artifact of the dominant annual variation with maxima alternating between Spring and Fall. The results also suggest an intimate connection between the asymmetry of solar magnetic fields and some of the largest geomagnetic disturbances, offering interesting new pathways for forecasting disturbances with a longer lead time to the future. Citation: Mursula, K., E. Tanskanen, and J. J. Love (2011), Spring-fall asymmetry of substorm strength, geomagnetic activity and solar wind: Implications for semiannual variation and solar hemispheric asymmetry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06104, doi:10.1029/2011GL046751.
C1 [Mursula, K.] Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
[Love, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Tanskanen, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Tanskanen, E.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Bergen, Norway.
RP Mursula, K (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, POB 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
EM kalevi.mursula@oulu.fi
RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013; Mursula, Kalevi/L-8952-2014
OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348; Mursula, Kalevi/0000-0003-4892-5056
FU Academy of Finland [128189, 128632]; Ministry of Transport and
Communications in Finland [108518]; European Commission [218816]
FX We acknowledge the financial support by the Academy of Finland to the
HISSI research consortium projects 128189 and 128632. We wish to thank
the institutes maintaining the IMAGE magnetometer network. The work of
ET was funded by Academy project 108518 and by Ministry of Transport and
Communications in Finland. The research leading to these results has
received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework
Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement 218816 (SOTERIA
project, www.soteria-space.eu).
NR 25
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Z9 11
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 24
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L06104
DI 10.1029/2011GL046751
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 741LE
UT WOS:000288864400004
ER
PT J
AU Bai, Y
Cross, PC
Malania, L
Kosoy, M
AF Bai, Ying
Cross, Paul C.
Malania, Lile
Kosoy, Michael
TI Isolation of Bartonella capreoli from elk
SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bartonella capreoli; Bartonella spp.; Cervus elaphus; elk; Wildlife
disease
ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; SP-NOV.; DOMESTIC
RUMINANTS; SYNTHASE GENE; BLOOD; BOVIS; HENSELAE; SPP.; WILD
AB The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of Bartonella infections in elk populations. We report the isolation of four Bartonella strains from 55 elk blood samples. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that all four strains belong to Bartonella capreoli, a bacterium that was originally described in the wild roe deer of Europe. Our finding first time demonstrated that B. capreoli has a wide geographic range, and that elk may be another host for this bacterium. Further investigations are needed to determine the impact of this bacterium on wildlife. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Bai, Ying; Malania, Lile; Kosoy, Michael] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
[Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Malania, Lile] Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, GE-380077 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia.
RP Bai, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
EM YBai1@cdc.gov
RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012
OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213
FU USGS; NSF-NIH
FX We thank the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for helping to collect
samples. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
USGS and the NSF-NIH Ecology of Infectious Disease Program provided
funding for field data collection.
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1135
J9 VET MICROBIOL
JI Vet. Microbiol.
PD MAR 24
PY 2011
VL 148
IS 2-4
BP 329
EP 332
DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.09.022
PG 4
WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 739PM
UT WOS:000288730200028
PM 20961711
ER
PT J
AU Neymark, LA
AF Neymark, L. A.
TI Potential effects of alpha-recoil on uranium-series dating of calcrete
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Calcrete; U-series dating; Alpha-recoil
ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; U-SERIES; UNSATURATED ZONE;
SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA; PEDOGENIC CARBONATE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHEAST
SPAIN; ION-MICROPROBE; FOSSIL CORALS
AB Evaluation of paleosol ages in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, at the time the site of a proposed high-level nuclear waste repository, is important for fault-displacement hazard assessment. Uranium-series isotope data were obtained for surface and subsurface calcrete samples from trenches and boreholes in Midway Valley, Nevada, adjacent to Yucca Mountain. Th-230/U ages of 33 surface samples range from 1.3 to 423 thousand years (ka) and the back-calculated U-234/U-238 initial activity ratios (AR) are relatively constant with a mean value of 1.54 +/- 0.15 (1 sigma), which is consistent with the closed-system behavior. Subsurface calcrete samples are too old to be dated by the Th-230/U method. U-Pb data for post-pedogenic botryoidal opal from a subsurface calcrete sample show that these subsurface calcrete samples are older than similar to 1.65 million years (Ma), old enough to have attained secular equilibrium had their U-Th systems remained closed. However, subsurface calcrete samples show U-series disequilibrium indicating open-system behavior of U-238 daughter isotopes, in contrast with the surface calcrete, where open-system behavior is not evident.
Data for 21 subsurface calcrete samples yielded calculable U-234/U-238 model ages ranging from 130 to 1875 ka (assuming an initial AR of 1.54 +/- 0.15, the mean value calculated for the surface calcrete samples). A simple model describing continuous alpha-recoil loss predicts that the U-234/U-238 and Th-230/U-238 ARs reach steady-state values similar to 2 Ma after calcrete formation. Potential effects of open-system behavior on Th-230/U ages and initial U-234/U-238 ARs for younger surface calcrete were estimated using data for old subsurface calcrete samples with the U-234 loss and assuming that the total time of water-rock interaction is the only difference between these soils. The difference between the conventional closed-system and open-system ages may exceed errors of the calculated conventional ages for samples older than similar to 250 ka, but is negligible for younger soils. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Neymark, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM lneymark@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE)
[DE-AI28-07RW12405]
FX The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) did this work in cooperation with the
U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) under Interagency Agreement
DE-AI28-07RW12405. The statements expressed in this paper do not
necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US DOE. Technical
assistance and discussions with James Paces contributed substantially to
the manuscript and are greatly appreciated. Alex Yuffa is thanked for
his help with the MathematicaTM software. I thank Stephanie
Ewing and Zell Peterman for helpful internal USGS reviews and two
unknown journal reviewers whose detailed comments helped to streamline
and improve the clarity of the paper. I am also indebted to William
Thompson for providing me with his Excel forward-model and
age-calculations spreadsheets for corals gaining 238U decay
products. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 66
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U1 2
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
EI 1878-5999
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD MAR 23
PY 2011
VL 282
IS 3-4
BP 98
EP 112
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.013
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 745NO
UT WOS:000289172400003
ER
PT J
AU Bern, CR
Chadwick, OA
Hartshorn, AS
Khomo, LM
Chorover, J
AF Bern, Carleton R.
Chadwick, Oliver A.
Hartshorn, Anthony S.
Khomo, Lesego M.
Chorover, Jon
TI A mass-balance model to separate and quantify colloidal and solute
redistributions in soil
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Kruger National Park; Index element; Mass-balance; Mixing equation;
Soil; Weathering
ID MOBILIZATION; TRANSPORT; PROFILES; PH; SUBSURFACE; LANDSCAPE; MOBILITY;
PARTICLE; SYSTEMS; MATTER
AB Studies of weathering and pedogenesis have long used calculations based upon low solubility index elements to determine mass gains and losses in open systems. One of the questions currently unanswered in these settings is the degree to which mass is transferred in solution (solutes) versus suspension (colloids). Here we show that differential mobility of the low solubility, high field strength (HFS) elements Ti and Zr can trace colloidal redistribution, and we present a model for distinguishing between mass transfer in suspension and solution. The model is tested on a well-differentiated granitic catena located in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ti and Zr ratios from parent material, soil and colloidal material are substituted into a mixing equation to quantify colloidal movement. The results show zones of both colloid removal and augmentation along the catena. Colloidal losses of 110 kg m(-2) (-5% relative to parent material) are calculated for one eluviated soil profile. A downslope illuviated profile has gained 169 kg m(-2) (10%) colloidal material. Elemental losses by mobilization in true solution are ubiquitous across the catena, even in zones of colloidal accumulation, and range from 1418 kg m(-2) (-46%) for an eluviated profile to 195 kg m(-2) (-23%) at the bottom of the catena. Quantification of simultaneous mass transfers in solution and suspension provide greater specificity on processes within soils and across hillslopes. Additionally, because colloids include both HFS and other elements, the ability to quantify their redistribution has implications for standard calculations of soil mass balances using such index elements. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Bern, Carleton R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Chadwick, Oliver A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Hartshorn, Anthony S.] James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA.
[Khomo, Lesego M.] Univ Witwatersrand, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Chorover, Jon] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cbern@usgs.gov; oac@geog.ucsb.edu; hartshas@jmu.edu; lesegok@gmail.com;
chorover@cals.arizona.eclu
OI Hartshorn, Anthony/0000-0002-0004-5749
FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
FX This work was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. We thank the
Kruger National Park scientific support staff and game guards for
logistical support and Mary Kay Amistadi, Paul Lamothe, Katie Lindeburg,
Heather Lowers and Frank Setaro for laboratory support. Dan Muhs, Rich
Reynolds and two anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved
this paper.
NR 31
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U1 1
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD MAR 23
PY 2011
VL 282
IS 3-4
BP 113
EP 119
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.01.014
PG 7
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 745NO
UT WOS:000289172400004
ER
PT J
AU Lin, JA
Stein, RS
Meghraoui, M
Toda, S
Ayadi, A
Dorbath, C
Belabbes, S
AF Lin, Jian
Stein, Ross S.
Meghraoui, Mustapha
Toda, Shinji
Ayadi, Abdelhakim
Dorbath, Catherine
Belabbes, Samir
TI Stress transfer among en echelon and opposing thrusts and tear faults:
Triggering caused by the 2003 M-w=6.9 Zemmouri, Algeria, earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID 1999 CHI-CHI; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE; CRUSTAL
DEFORMATION; SUMATRA-ANDAMAN; COASTAL UPLIFT; PLATE-BOUNDARY; SUNDA
TRENCH; STRIKE-SLIP; HALF-SPACE
AB The essential features of stress interaction among earthquakes on en echelon thrusts and tear faults were investigated, first through idealized examples and then by study of thrust faulting in Algeria. We calculated coseismic stress changes caused by the 2003 M-w = 6.9 Zemmouri earthquake, finding that a large majority of the Zemmouri afterslip sites were brought several bars closer to Coulomb failure by the coseismic stresses, while the majority of aftershock nodal planes were brought closer to failure by an average of similar to 2 bars. Further, we calculated that the shallow portions of the adjacent Thenia tear fault, which sustained similar to 0.25 m slip, were brought >2 bars closer to failure. We calculated that the Coulomb stress increased by 1.5 bars on the deeper portions of the adjacent Boumerdes thrust, which lies just 10-20 km from the city of Algiers; both the Boumerdes and Thenia faults were illuminated by aftershocks. Over the next 6 years, the entire south dipping thrust system extending 80 km to the southwest experienced an increased rate of seismicity. The stress also increased by 0.4 bar on the east Sahel thrust fault west of the Zemmouri rupture. Algiers suffered large damaging earthquakes in A. D. 1365 and 1716 and is today home to 3 million people. If these shocks occurred on the east Sahel fault and if it has a similar to 2 mm/yr tectonic loading rate, then enough loading has accumulated to produce a M-w = 6.6-6.9 shock today. Thus, these potentially lethal faults need better understanding of their slip rate and earthquake history.
C1 [Lin, Jian] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Stein, Ross S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Meghraoui, Mustapha; Dorbath, Catherine; Belabbes, Samir] EOST, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
[Toda, Shinji] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
[Ayadi, Abdelhakim] Ctr Rech Astron Astrophys & Geophys, Algiers 16340, Algeria.
[Belabbes, Samir] SERTIT, F-67412 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.
RP Lin, JA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, 255 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM jlin@whoi.edu
RI AYADI, ABDELHAKIM/B-9319-2009; Meghraoui, Mustapha/K-4206-2015
OI AYADI, ABDELHAKIM/0000-0002-4906-4772;
FU U.S. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance of the U.S. Agency for
International Development; INSU; Algerian Ministry of Higher Education
and Research
FX We are grateful to the local authorities in Algeria for the help and
assistance during field investigations. We thank C. Wicks and Z. Cakir
for constructive discussion; F. Ousadou for help in preparing the
seismic database; V. Sevilgen for technical assistance; and F. Pollitz,
C. Wicks, and R. Harris for U.S. Geological Survey internal reviews. We
benefited from comments and suggestions by two anonymous reviewers and
the Associate Editor. Funding by the U.S. Office of Foreign Disaster
Assistance of the U.S. Agency for International Development is
gratefully acknowledged. Additional funding was provided by the INSU
research project ACI Cat-Nat Risque Sismique de la Region d'Alger. S.
Belabbes was supported by the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and
Research. Some figures were prepared using the public domain GMT
software [Wessel and Smith, 1998].
NR 49
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U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAR 23
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B03305
DI 10.1029/2010JB007654
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 741NE
UT WOS:000288869600001
ER
PT J
AU Montgomery-Brown, EK
Sinnett, DK
Larson, KM
Poland, MP
Segall, P
Miklius, A
AF Montgomery-Brown, E. K.
Sinnett, D. K.
Larson, K. M.
Poland, M. P.
Segall, P.
Miklius, A.
TI Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and decollement slip at Kilauea
Volcano, Hawai'i
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH FLANK; FAULT SLIP; GPS; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKES; INTRUSION;
INVERSION; ERUPTION; SYSTEMS; EVENTS
AB Rapid changes in ground tilt and GPS positions on Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, are interpreted as resulting from a shallow, two-segment dike intrusion into the east rift zone that began at 1217 UTC (0217 HST) on 17 June 2007 and lasted almost 3 days. As a result of the intrusion, a very small volume of basalt (about 1500 m(3)) erupted on 19 June. Northward tilt at a coastal tiltmeter, subsidence of south flank GPS sites, southeastward displacements at southwestern flank GPS sites, and a swarm of flank earthquakes suggest that a slow slip event occurred on the decollement beneath Kilauea's south flank concurrent with the rift intrusion. We use 4 min GPS positions that include estimates of time-dependent tropospheric gradients and ground tilt data to study the spatial and temporal relationships between the two inferred shallow, steeply dipping dike segments extending from the surface to about 2 km depth and decollement slip at 8 km depth. We invert for the temporal evolution of distributed dike opening and decollement slip in independent inversions at each time step using a nonnegative least squares algorithm. On the basis of these inversions, the intrusion occurred in two stages that correspond spatially and temporally with concentrated rift zone seismicity. The dike opening began on the western of the two segments before jumping to the eastern segment, where the majority of opening accumulated. Dike opening preceded the start of decollement slip at an 84% confidence level; the latter is indicated by the onset of northward tilt of a coastal tiltmeter. Displacements at southwest flank GPS sites began about 18 h later and are interpreted as resulting from slow slip on the southwestern flank. Additional constraints on the evolution of the intrusion and decollement slip come from inversion of an Envisat interferogram that spans the intrusion until 0822 UTC on 18 June 2007, combined with GPS and tilt data. This inversion shows that up to 0822 UTC on 18 June, decollement slip is only required in a limited region offshore of Kaena Point. A similar inversion of the complete event, which includes GPS and tilt data up to 21 June and a second Envisat interferogram spanning the complete intrusion until 21 June, shows decollement slip spread westward across the south flank. This may suggest westward migration of the decollement slip as the event progressed.
C1 [Montgomery-Brown, E. K.; Sinnett, D. K.; Segall, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Montgomery-Brown, E. K.] Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Larson, K. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Poland, M. P.; Miklius, A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
RP Montgomery-Brown, EK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM emilymb1@gmail.com
OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123
FU NSF [EAR-0537920, SGER]; NASA
FX The authors would like to acknowledge our ongoing collaborations with
the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and the University of Hawaii. This work
was supported by NSF research grant EAR-0537920 and a SGER grant. E.M.B.
was also supported by a NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship. We would
also like to thank Associate Editor Michael P. Ryan and two anonymous
reviewers for their thoughtful comments that greatly improved the
initial manuscript.
NR 40
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Z9 16
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAR 23
PY 2011
VL 116
AR B03401
DI 10.1029/2010JB007762
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 741NE
UT WOS:000288869600002
ER
PT J
AU Hailer, F
Schreiber, EA
Miller, JM
Levin, II
Parker, PG
Chesser, RT
Fleischer, RC
AF Hailer, Frank
Schreiber, E. A.
Miller, Joshua M.
Levin, Iris I.
Parker, Patricia G.
Chesser, R. Terry
Fleischer, Robert C.
TI Long-term isolation of a highly mobile seabird on the Galapagos
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Galapagos endemism; microsatellites; morphological differentiation;
mtDNA; nuclear introns; philopatry
ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; DNA-SEQUENCES; SEA; SOFTWARE;
BIRDS; PELECANIFORMES; DIVERGENCE; FREGATIDAE; INFERENCE
AB The Galapagos Islands are renowned for their high degree of endemism. Marine taxa inhabiting the archipelago might be expected to be an exception, because of their utilization of pelagic habitats-the dispersal barrier for terrestrial taxa-as foraging grounds. Magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) have a highly vagile lifestyle and wide geographical distribution around the South and Central American coasts. Given the potentially high levels of gene flow among populations, the species provides a good test of the effectiveness of the Galapagos ecosystem in isolating populations of highly dispersive marine species. We studied patterns of genetic (mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites and nuclear introns) and morphological variation across the distribution of magnificent frigatebirds. Concordant with predictions from life-history traits, we found signatures of extensive gene flow over most of the range, even across the Isthmus of Panama, which is a major barrier to gene flow in other tropical seabirds. In contrast, individuals from the Galapagos were strongly differentiated from all conspecifics, and have probably been isolated for several hundred thousand years. Our finding is a powerful testimony to the evolutionary uniqueness of the taxa inhabiting the Galapagos archipelago and its associated marine ecosystems.
C1 [Hailer, Frank; Schreiber, E. A.; Miller, Joshua M.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA.
[Hailer, Frank; Schreiber, E. A.; Miller, Joshua M.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA.
[Levin, Iris I.; Parker, Patricia G.] Univ Missouri, Whitney R Harris World Ecol Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
[Levin, Iris I.; Parker, Patricia G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
[Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
RP Hailer, F (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA.
EM hailerf@si.edu
RI Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012; Miller, Joshua/E-3072-2013; Miller,
Joshua/J-3393-2014
OI Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726; Miller, Joshua/0000-0002-4019-7675;
Miller, Joshua/0000-0002-4019-7675
FU Microsoft Corporation; Saint Louis Zoo; Zoological Studies at the
University of Missouri-St Louis; Smithsonian's James Bond Fund; Marine
Science Network; Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics; T.
L. Cross and Seabird Research Inc.
FX For permits to collect blood samples and facilitation of fieldwork, we
thank (i) Bahamas: Department of Agriculture and the Gerace Research
Center; (ii) Belize: Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment,
Toledo Institute for Development and Environment, and Belize Audubon
Society; (iii) British Virgin Islands: Department of Environment and
Fisheries, National Parks Trust, Henry Jarecki and Skip Lazell; (iv)
Cayman Islands: Department of the Environment and National Trust; (v)
Ecuador: Galapagos National Park, Charles Darwin Foundation; (vi)
Jamaica: National Environment and Planning Agency, The Nature
Conservancy, Nathalie Zenny, Ann Sutton and Brandon Hay; (vii) Panama:
Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute, George Angehr and Jim Kushlan; and (viii) Dry Tortugas,
Florida, US: National Park Service and Sonny Bass. The California
Academy of Sciences and National Museum of Natural History are
gratefully acknowledged for granting permission to access and sample
their collections. We thank Gary Schenk, Jon Beadell, Judy Pierce, Bill
Hayes, Mike Favazza, Cheryl McKinley and Anita Carrion for assistance in
the field. We thank Thomas Mueller, Don Dearborn, Storrs Olson, Carlos
Valle, Peter Beerli, Andreanna Welch, Sharyn Hood, Heather Lerner and
Amy Wilson for discussions. Part of this work was carried out by using
the resources of Cornell University's Computational Biology Service
Unit, which is partially funded by Microsoft Corporation. Galapagos
sampling was funded by the Field Research for Conservation programme of
the Saint Louis Zoo and the Des Lee Professorship in Zoological Studies
at the University of Missouri-St Louis and the Saint Louis Zoo. The
Smithsonian's James Bond Fund, Marine Science Network, and the Center
for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, T. L. Cross and Seabird
Research Inc. provided funding.
NR 55
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U1 4
U2 29
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8452
J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI
JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD MAR 22
PY 2011
VL 278
IS 1707
BP 817
EP 825
DI 10.1098/rspb.2010.1342
PG 9
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 718NJ
UT WOS:000287129800005
PM 20861041
ER
PT J
AU Dallas, KL
Barnard, PL
AF Dallas, Kate L.
Barnard, Patrick L.
TI Anthropogenic influences on shoreline and nearshore evolution in the San
Francisco Bay coastal system
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ebb-tidal delta; tidal inlet; coastal morphology; long-term changes;
man-induced effects; USA; California; San Francisco Bar; San Francisco
Bay
ID EBB-TIDAL DELTA; MORPHODYNAMICS; ESTUARY; FLORIDA; INLETS; ISLAND; USA
AB Analysis of four historical bathymetric surveys over a 132-year period has revealed significant changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar, an ebb-tidal delta at the mouth of San Francisco Bay estuary. From 1873 to 2005 the San Francisco Bar vertically-eroded an average of 80 cm over a 125 km(2) area, which equates to a total volume loss of 100 +/- 52 million m(3) of fine- to coarse-grained sand. Comparison of the surveys indicates the entire ebb-tidal delta contracted radially, with the crest moving landward an average of 1 km. Long-term erosion of the ebb-tidal delta is hypothesized to be due to a reduction in the tidal prism of San Francisco Bay and a decrease in coastal sediment supply, both as a result of anthropogenic activities. Prior research indicates that the tidal prism of the estuary was reduced by 9% from filling, diking, and sedimentation. Compilation of historical records dating back to 1900 reveals that a minimum of 200 million m(3) of sediment has been permanently removed from the San Francisco Bay coastal system through dredging, aggregate mining, and borrow pit mining. Of this total, similar to 54 million m(3) of sand-sized or coarser sediment was removed from central San Francisco Bay. With grain sizes comparable to the ebb-tidal delta, and its direct connection to the bay mouth, removal of sediments from central San Francisco Bay may limit the sand supply to the delta and open coast beaches.
SWAN wave modeling illustrates that changes to the morphology of the San Francisco Bar have altered the alongshore wave energy distribution at adjacent Ocean Beach, and thus may be a significant factor in a persistent beach erosion 'hot spot' occurring in the area. Shoreline change analyses show that the sandy shoreline in the shadow of the ebb-tidal delta experienced long-term (1850s/1890s to 2002) and short-term (1960s/1980s to 2002) accretion while the adjacent sandy shoreline exposed to open-ocean waves experienced long-term and short-term erosion. Therefore, the recently observed accelerating rates of bay sediment removal, ebb-tidal delta erosion, and open coast beach erosion are all correlated temporally. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dallas, Kate L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Barnard, Patrick L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Dallas, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM katedallas@gmail.com
FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; United States
Army Corps of Engineers; San Francisco District; Friends of Long Marine
Lab Scholarship; Robert L Weigel Scholarship for Coastal Studies
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and
Marine Geology Program, United States Army Corps of Engineers, San
Francisco District, Friends of Long Marine Lab Scholarship, and the
Robert L Weigel Scholarship for Coastal Studies. We thank Cheryl Hapke,
Amy Foxgrover, and 3 anonymous reviewers for their comments and help in
improving the manuscript. We also thank Theresa Fregoso and the San
Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission for help with this
research.
NR 50
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U1 0
U2 21
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
EI 1096-0015
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD MAR 20
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 1
BP 195
EP 204
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.031
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 753ZS
UT WOS:000289820700022
ER
PT J
AU Crusius, J
Schroth, AW
Gasso, S
Moy, CM
Levy, RC
Gatica, M
AF Crusius, John
Schroth, Andrew W.
Gasso, Santiago
Moy, Christopher M.
Levy, Robert C.
Gatica, Myrna
TI Glacial flour dust storms in the Gulf of Alaska: Hydrologic and
meteorological controls and their importance as a source of bioavailable
iron
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Iron is an essential micronutrient that limits primary productivity in much of the ocean, including the Gulf of Alaska (GoA). However, the processes that transport iron to the ocean surface are poorly quantified. We combine satellite and meteorological data to provide the first description of widespread dust transport from coastal Alaska into the GoA. Dust is frequently transported from glacially-derived sediment at the mouths of several rivers, the most prominent of which is the Copper River. These dust events occur most frequently in autumn, when coastal river levels are low and riverbed sediments are exposed. The dust plumes are transported several hundred kilometers beyond the continental shelf into iron-limited waters. We estimate the mass of dust transported from the Copper River valley during one 2006 dust event to be between 2580 ktons. Based on conservative estimates, this equates to a soluble iron loading of 30-200 tons. We suggest the soluble Fe flux from dust originating in glaciofluvial sediment deposits from the entire GoA coastline is two to three times larger, and is comparable to the annual Fe flux to GoA surface waters from eddies of coastal origin. Given that glaciers are retreating in the coastal GoA region and in other locations, it is important to examine whether fluxes of dust are increasing from glacierized landscapes to the ocean, and to assess the impact of associated Fe on marine ecosystems. Citation: Crusius, J., A. W. Schroth, S. Gasso, C. M. Moy, R. C. Levy, and M. Gatica (2011), Glacial flour dust storms in the Gulf of Alaska: Hydrologic and meteorological controls and their importance as a source of bioavailable iron, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06602, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046573.
C1 [Crusius, John; Schroth, Andrew W.; Moy, Christopher M.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Gasso, Santiago] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Moy, Christopher M.] Univ Otago, Dept Geol, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
[Levy, Robert C.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Gatica, Myrna] CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA.
RP Crusius, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM jcrusius@usgs.gov
RI Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014
OI Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303; Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018
FU USGS CMGP; NCCWSC; Mendenhall postdoc program; Woods Hole PEP intern
program; NASA-IDS
FX We appreciate support from the USGS CMGP, NCCWSC, the Mendenhall postdoc
program, the Woods Hole PEP intern program, and from NASA-IDS. We thank
D. Eberl (USGS) for quantitative XRD data. We also thank J. Bargar and
J. Rogers at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, run on behalf
of the DOE and E. Sholkovitz, D. Muhs, and two others for reviews.
NR 25
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U1 2
U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 18
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L06602
DI 10.1029/2010GL046573
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 737XV
UT WOS:000288604700004
ER
PT J
AU Pederson, GT
Gray, ST
Ault, T
Marsh, W
Fagre, DB
Bunn, AG
Woodhouse, CA
Graumlich, LJ
AF Pederson, Gregory T.
Gray, Stephen T.
Ault, Toby
Marsh, Wendy
Fagre, Daniel B.
Bunn, Andrew G.
Woodhouse, Connie A.
Graumlich, Lisa J.
TI Climatic Controls on the Snowmelt Hydrology of the Northern Rocky
Mountains
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; TRENDS;
SNOWPACK; PACIFIC; AMERICA; OSCILLATION; US; PRECIPITATION
AB The northern Rocky Mountains (NRMs) are a critical headwaters region with the majority of water resources originating from mountain snowpack. Observations showing declines in western U.S. snowpack have implications for water resources and biophysical processes in high-mountain environments. This study investigates oceanic and atmospheric controls underlying changes in timing, variability, and trends documented across the entire hydroclimatic-monitoring system within critical NRM watersheds. Analyses were conducted using records from 25 snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations, 148 1 April snow course records, stream gauge records from 14 relatively unimpaired rivers, and 37 valley meteorological stations. Over the past four decades, midelevation SNOTEL records show a tendency toward decreased snowpack with peak snow water equivalent (SWE) arriving and melting out earlier. Temperature records show significant seasonal and annual decreases in the number of frost days (days <= 0 degrees C) and changes in spring minimum temperatures that correspond with atmospheric circulation changes and surface albedo feedbacks in March and April. Warmer spring temperatures coupled with increases in mean and variance of spring precipitation correspond strongly to earlier snowmeltout, an increased number of snow-free days, and observed changes in streamflow timing and discharge. The majority of the variability in peak and total annual snowpack and streamflow, however, is explained by season-dependent interannual-to-interdecadal changes in atmospheric circulation associated with Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures. Over recent decades, increased spring precipitation appears to be buffering NRM total annual streamflow from what would otherwise be greater snow-related declines in hydrologic yield. Results have important implications for ecosystems, water resources, and long-lead-forecasting capabilities.
C1 [Pederson, Gregory T.; Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Pederson, Gregory T.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Gray, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Ault, Toby] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Marsh, Wendy] Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Bunn, Andrew G.] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA.
[Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Graumlich, Lisa J.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Pederson, GT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Box 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM gpederson@usgs.gov
RI Graumlich, Lisa/A-1421-2012
OI Graumlich, Lisa/0000-0003-1239-1873
FU NSF [GSS-0620793]; USGS Western Mountain Initiative
FX This research has benefited from the helpful comments of J. Weiss and J.
Betancourt. NSF Grant GSS-0620793 and the USGS Western Mountain
Initiative supported this research. Any use of trade, product, or firm
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the U.S. Government.
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U1 8
U2 33
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAR 15
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 6
BP 1666
EP 1687
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3729.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 754PT
UT WOS:000289869400007
ER
PT J
AU Lucas, SG
Tanner, LH
Donohoo-Hurley, LL
Geissman, JW
Kozur, HW
Heckert, AB
Weems, RE
AF Lucas, S. G.
Tanner, L. H.
Donohoo-Hurley, L. L.
Geissman, J. W.
Kozur, H. W.
Heckert, A. B.
Weems, R. E.
TI Position of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and timing of the
end-Triassic extinctions on land: Data from the Moenave Formation on the
southern Colorado Plateau, USA
SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Triassic; Jurassic; Mass extinction; Moenave Formation; Nonmarine
Triassic-Jurassic boundary
ID ATLANTIC MAGMATIC PROVINCE; FLOOD-BASALT VOLCANISM; ST-AUDRIES BAY;
MASS-EXTINCTION; MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CONSTRAINTS;
TRANSITION; SYNCHRONY; UK
AB Strata of the Moenave Formation on and adjacent to the southern Colorado Plateau in Utah-Arizona, U.S.A., represent one of the best known and most stratigraphically continuous, complete and fossiliferous terrestrial sections across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. We present a synthesis of new biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic data collected from across the Moenave Formation outcrop belt, which extends from the St. George area in southwestern Utah to the Tuba City area in northern Arizona. These data include palynomorphs, conchostracans and vertebrate fossils (including footprints) and a composite polarity record based on four overlapping magnetostratigraphic sections. Placement of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in strata of the Moenave Formation has long been imprecise and debatable, but these new data (especially the conchostracans) allow us to place the Triassic-Jurassic boundary relatively precisely in the middle part of the Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation, stratigraphically well above the highest occurrence of crurotarsan body fossils or footprints. Correlation to marine sections based on this placement indicates that major terrestrial vertebrate extinctions preceded marine extinctions across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and therefore were likely unrelated to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanism. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lucas, S. G.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA.
[Tanner, L. H.] Le Moyne Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA.
[Donohoo-Hurley, L. L.; Geissman, J. W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Heckert, A. B.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA.
[Weems, R. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Lucas, SG (reprint author), New Mexico Museum Nat Hist, 1801 Mt Rd NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA.
EM spencer.lucas@state.nm.us
RI Opazo, Luis-Felipe/G-9586-2011
FU Sloan Foundation; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Los
Alamos National Laboratory; American Geological Institute; Department of
Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico
FX We thank John E. Marzolf, Carbondale, for sending unpublished data to
one of the authors (H.W. Kozur) and Paul E. Olsen, Palisades, for
important discussions and literature. Andrew Milner provided information
about conchostracans from Johnson Farm, Utah. Wolfram Kurschner shared
palynological data from his original research. Part of this work was
partially funded by the Sloan Foundation, the Institute of Geophysics
and Planetary Physics at Los Alamos National Laboratory, American
Geological Institute Minority Participation Program and scholarships
from the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New
Mexico. Careful reviews by S. Cirilli and an anonymous reviewer improved
the manuscript.
NR 77
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Z9 13
U1 3
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0031-0182
J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL
JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2011
VL 302
IS 3-4
BP 194
EP 205
DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.009
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology
GA 751ZU
UT WOS:000289657700006
ER
PT J
AU Bradley, PM
Burns, DA
Riva-Murray, K
Brigham, ME
Button, DT
Chasar, LC
Marvin-DiPasquale, M
Lowery, MA
Journey, CA
AF Bradley, Paul M.
Burns, Douglas A.
Riva-Murray, Karen
Brigham, Mark E.
Button, Daniel T.
Chasar, Lia C.
Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark
Lowery, Mark A.
Journey, Celeste A.
TI Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Dissolved Methylmercury in Two
Stream Basins in the Eastern United States
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MERCURY; BIOACCUMULATION; CHEMISTRY; RIVERS; LAKE
AB We assessed methylmercury (Me He concentrations across multiple ecological scales in the Edisto (South Carolina) and Upper Hudson (New York) River basins. Out-of-channel wetland/floodplain environments were primary sources of filtered MeHg (F-MeHg) to the stream habitat in both systems. Shallow, open-water areas in both basins exhibited low F-MeHg concentrations and decreasing F-MeHg mass flux. Downstream increases in out-of-channel wetlands/flood-plains and the absence of impoundments result in high MeHg throughout the Edisto. Despite substantial wetlands coverage and elevated F-MeHg concentrations at the headwater margins, numerous impoundments on primary stream channels favor spatial variability and lower F-MeHg concentrations in the Upper Hudson. The results indicated that, even in geographically, climatically, and ecologically diverse streams, production in wetland/floodplain areas, hydrologic transport to the stream aquatic environment, and conservative/nonconservative attenuation processes in open water areas are fundamental controls on dissolved MeHg concentrations and, by extension, MeHg availability
C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Burns, Douglas A.; Riva-Murray, Karen; Brigham, Mark E.; Button, Daniel T.; Chasar, Lia C.; Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark; Lowery, Mark A.; Journey, Celeste A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
EM pbradley@usgs.gov
RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009;
OI Journey, Celeste/0000-0002-2284-5851; Brigham, Mark/0000-0001-7412-6800
FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program
FX The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program
supported this research. We thank the family of Senator Strom Thurmond
as well as Finch-Pruyn and The Nature Conservancy for access to the
McTier Creek and Fishing Brook study areas, respectively.
NR 21
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U1 2
U2 33
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 6
BP 2048
EP 2055
DI 10.1021/es103923j
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 731YH
UT WOS:000288146200004
PM 21341694
ER
PT J
AU Legleiter, CJ
Kyriakidis, PC
McDonald, RR
Nelson, JM
AF Legleiter, Carl J.
Kyriakidis, Phaedon C.
McDonald, Richard R.
Nelson, Jonathan M.
TI Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow
modeling in a gravel-bed river
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; HABITAT SUITABILITY; GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS;
SPATIAL-PATTERNS; MESH RESOLUTION; TERRAIN MODELS; CHANNEL CHANGE;
LEAST-SQUARES; REACH; SIMULATION
AB Many applications in river research and management rely upon two-dimensional (2D) numerical models to characterize flow fields, assess habitat conditions, and evaluate channel stability. Predictions from such models are potentially highly uncertain due to the uncertainty associated with the topographic data provided as input. This study used a spatial stochastic simulation strategy to examine the effects of topographic uncertainty on flow modeling. Many, equally likely bed elevation realizations for a simple meander bend were generated and propagated through a typical 2D model to produce distributions of water-surface elevation, depth, velocity, and boundary shear stress at each node of the model's computational grid. Ensemble summary statistics were used to characterize the uncertainty associated with these predictions and to examine the spatial structure of this uncertainty in relation to channel morphology. Simulations conditioned to different data configurations indicated that model predictions became increasingly uncertain as the spacing between surveyed cross sections increased. Model sensitivity to topographic uncertainty was greater for base flow conditions than for a higher, subbankfull flow (75% of bankfull discharge). The degree of sensitivity also varied spatially throughout the bend, with the greatest uncertainty occurring over the point bar where the flow field was influenced by topographic steering effects. Uncertain topography can therefore introduce significant uncertainty to analyses of habitat suitability and bed mobility based on flow model output. In the presence of such uncertainty, the results of these studies are most appropriately represented in probabilistic terms using distributions of model predictions derived from a series of topographic realizations.
C1 [Legleiter, Carl J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Kyriakidis, Phaedon C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[McDonald, Richard R.; Nelson, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA.
RP Legleiter, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Dept 3371,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
EM clegleil@uwyo.edu
OI McDonald, Richard/0000-0002-0703-0638; Kyriakidis,
Phaedon/0000-0003-4222-8567; Legleiter, Carl/0000-0003-0940-8013
FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409IP20057]
FX The California Department of Water Resources provided logistical support
for field data collection along the Merced River and Chris Robinson
granted access to his property. Xiangmin Jiao developed and made
available computer code for efficiently reading and writing data in the
CGNS format. This study was supported by a grant from the Office of
Naval Research (N0001409IP20057) to Jonathan Nelson. Three reviewers
provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper.
NR 62
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U1 1
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAR 15
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W03518
DI 10.1029/2010WR009618
PG 24
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 737YE
UT WOS:000288605700003
ER
PT J
AU van Mantgem, PJ
Stephenson, NL
Knapp, E
Battles, J
Keeley, JE
AF van Mantgem, Phillip J.
Stephenson, Nathan L.
Knapp, Eric
Battles, John
Keeley, Jon E.
TI Long-term effects of prescribed fire on mixed conifer forest structure
in the Sierra Nevada, California
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Fire ecology; Forest restoration; Fuel reduction treatment; Spatial
pattern; Tree mortality
ID FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE MORTALITY-RATES;
ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; BARK BEETLES;
EARLY-SEASON; CARBON; PRINCIPLES; SEVERITY
AB The capacity of prescribed fire to restore forest conditions is often judged by changes in forest structure within a few years following burning. However, prescribed fire might have longer-term effects on forest structure, potentially changing treatment assessments. We examined annual changes in forest structure in five 1 ha old-growth plots immediately before prescribed fire and up to eight years after fire at Sequoia National Park, California. Fire-induced declines in stem density (67% average decrease at eight years post-fire) were nonlinear, taking up to eight years to reach a presumed asymptote. Declines in live stem biomass were also nonlinear, but smaller in magnitude (32% average decrease at eight years post-fire) as most large trees survived the fires. The preferential survival of large trees following fire resulted in significant shifts in stem diameter distributions. Mortality rates remained significantly above background rates up to six years after the fires. Prescribed fire did not have a large influence on the representation of dominant species. Fire-caused mortality appeared to be spatially random, and therefore did not generally alter heterogeneous tree spatial patterns. Our results suggest that prescribed fire can bring about substantial changes to forest structure in old-growth mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada, but that long-term observations are needed to fully describe some measures of fire effects. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Stephenson, Nathan L.; Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA.
[Knapp, Eric] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA.
[Battles, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov
RI Battles, John/G-8233-2012
OI Battles, John/0000-0001-7124-7893
NR 45
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U1 4
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD MAR 15
PY 2011
VL 261
IS 6
BP 989
EP 994
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.013
PG 6
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 732NZ
UT WOS:000288193700005
ER
PT J
AU Wheaton, JM
Gibbins, C
Wainwright, J
Larsen, L
McElroy, B
AF Wheaton, Joseph M.
Gibbins, Chris
Wainwright, John
Larsen, Laurel
McElroy, Brandon
TI Preface: Multiscale Feedbacks in Ecogeomorphology
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID GEOMORPHOLOGY; ECOLOGY; BIOGEOMORPHOLOGY; ECOHYDRAULICS; HYDROECOLOGY;
PARADIGM
C1 [Wheaton, Joseph M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Gibbins, Chris] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland.
[Wainwright, John] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
[Larsen, Laurel] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[McElroy, Brandon] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA.
RP Wheaton, JM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM Joe.Wheaton@usu.edu
RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010; McElroy, Brandon/E-9391-2010
OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150; McElroy,
Brandon/0000-0002-9683-4282
NR 36
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 4
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD MAR 15
PY 2011
VL 126
IS 3-4
SI SI
BP 265
EP 268
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.01.002
PG 4
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 734AR
UT WOS:000288306100001
ER
PT J
AU Larsen, LG
Harvey, JW
AF Larsen, Laurel G.
Harvey, Judson W.
TI Modeling of hydroecological feedbacks predicts distinct classes of
landscape pattern, process, and restoration potential in shallow aquatic
ecosystems
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Wetlands; Patterned landscape; Modeling; Sediment transport; Feedback;
Everglades
ID THROUGH EMERGENT VEGETATION; EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; SALT-MARSH;
FLORIDA EVERGLADES; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; ECOLOGICAL
MODEL; SEA-LEVEL; FLOW; WETLANDS
AB It is widely recognized that interactions between vegetation and flow cause the emergence of channel patterns that are distinct from the standard Schumm classification of river channels. Although landscape pattern is known to be linked to ecosystem services such as habitat provision, pollutant removal, and sustaining biodiversity, the mechanisms responsible for the development and stability of different landscape patterns in shallow, vegetated flows have remained poorly understood. Fortunately, recent advances have made possible large-scale models of flow through vegetated environments that can be run over a range of environmental variables and over timescales of millennia. We describe a new, quasi-3D cellular automata model that couples simulations of shallow-water flow, bed shear stresses, sediment transport, and vegetation dynamics in an efficient manner. That efficiency allowed us to apply the model widely in order to determine how different hydroecological feedbacks control landscape pattern and process in various types of wetlands and floodplains. Distinct classes of landscape pattern were uniquely associated with specific types of allogenic and autogenic drivers in wetland flows. Regular, anisotropically patterned wetlands were dominated by allogenic processes (i.e., processes driven by periodic high water levels and flow velocities that redistribute sediment), relative to autogenic processes (e.g., vegetation production, peat accretion, and gravitational erosion). These anistropically patterned wetlands are therefore particularly prone to hydrologic disturbance. Other classes of wetlands that emerged from simulated interactions included maze-patterned, amorphous, and topographically noisy marshes, open marsh with islands, banded string-pool sequences perpendicular to flow, parallel deep and narrow channels flanked by marsh, and ridge-and-slough patterned marsh oriented parallel to flow. Because vegetation both affects and responds to the balance between the transport capacity of the flow and sediment supply, these vegetated systems exhibit a feedback that is not dominant in most rivers. Consequently, unlike in most rivers, it is not possible to predict the "channel pattern" of a vegetated landscape based only on discharge characteristics and sediment supply: the antecedent vegetation pattern and vegetation dynamics must also be known.
In general, the stability of different wetland pattern types is most strongly related to factors controlling the erosion and deposition of sediment at vegetation patch edges, the magnitude of sediment redistribution by flow, patch elevation relative to water level, and the variability of erosion rates in vegetation patches with low flow-resistance. As we exemplify in our case-study of the Everglades ridge and slough landscape, feedback between flow and vegetation also causes hysteresis in landscape evolution trajectories that will affect the potential for landscape restoration. Namely, even if the hydrologic conditions that historically produced higher flows are restored, degraded portions of the ridge and slough landscape are unlikely to revert to their former patterning. As wetlands and floodplains worldwide become increasingly threatened by climate change and urbanization, the greater mechanistic understanding of landscape pattern and process that our analysis provides will improve our ability to forecast and manage the behavior of these ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Larsen, Laurel G.; Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Larsen, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM lglarsen@usgs.gov
RI Hurford, Anthony/E-1338-2011; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013
OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873
FU USGS; NSF [EAR-0732211]; National Park Service [F5284-08-0024]
FX Support for this study was provided by the USGS National Research
Program, USGS Priority Ecosystems Science Program, NSF grant
EAR-0732211, and the National Park Service through interagency agreement
F5284-08-0024. We are grateful to Morgan Franklin for comments and help
with figure preparation and analysis and to Kristopher Larsen for help
with figure preparation. The manuscript benefited from thorough reviews
and stimulating ideas by Maarten Eppinga, Waite Osterkamp, Lisamarie
Windham-Myers, and an anonymous referee. Use of trade or product names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by
the USGS.
NR 88
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U1 8
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD MAR 15
PY 2011
VL 126
IS 3-4
SI SI
BP 279
EP 296
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.015
PG 18
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 734AR
UT WOS:000288306100003
ER
PT J
AU Harvey, JW
Noe, GB
Larsen, LG
Nowacki, DJ
McPhillips, LE
AF Harvey, Judson W.
Noe, Gregory B.
Larsen, Laurel G.
Nowacki, Daniel J.
McPhillips, Lauren E.
TI Field flume reveals aquatic vegetation's role in sediment and
particulate phosphorus transport in a shallow aquatic ecosystem
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydroecology; Sediment transport; Floc; Wetland; Everglades; Phosphorus;
Aquatic vegetation
ID EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES;
VERTICAL TRANSPORT; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; SLOUGH LANDSCAPE; FLOW PATHS;
STREAM; ENRICHMENT; HYDROLOGY
AB Flow interactions with aquatic vegetation and effects on sediment transport and nutrient redistribution are uncertain in shallow aquatic ecosystems. Here we quantified sediment transport in the Everglades by progressively increasing flow velocity in a field flume constructed around undisturbed bed sediment and emergent macrophytes. Suspended sediment < 100 mu m was dominant in the lower range of laminar flow and was supplied by detachment from epiphyton. Sediment flux increased by a factor of four and coarse flocculent sediment > 100 mu m became dominant at higher velocity steps after a threshold shear stress for bed floc entrainment was exceeded. Shedding of vortices that had formed downstream of plant stems also occurred on that velocity step which promoted additional sediment detachment from epiphyton. Modeling determined that the potentially entrainable sediment reservoir, 46 g m(-2), was similar to the reservoir of epiphyton (66 g m(-2)) but smaller than the reservoir of flocculent bed sediment (330 g m(-2)). All suspended sediment was enriched in phosphorus (by approximately twenty times) compared with bulk sediment on the bed surface and on plant stems, indicating that the most easily entrainable sediment is also the most nutrient rich (and likely the most biologically active). Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Harvey, Judson W.; Noe, Gregory B.; Larsen, Laurel G.; Nowacki, Daniel J.; McPhillips, Lauren E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Harvey, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, MS 430,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM jwharvey@usgs.gov
RI McPhillips, Lauren/A-8605-2013; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013;
OI McPhillips, Lauren/0000-0002-4990-7979; Harvey,
Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646; Nowacki,
Daniel/0000-0002-7015-3710
FU USGS; NSF [EAR-0732211]; National Park Service Interagency Agreement
[F5284080024]
FX The authors are grateful for the research support from the USGS Priority
Ecosystems Science Program, the USGS National Research Program, NSF
grant EAR-0732211, and the National Park Service Interagency Agreement
F5284080024. We thank Leanna Westfall, Lars Soderqvist, and Craig
Thompson for their assistance in field and laboratory work. Special
thanks are due to Joe Wheaton, Robert Kadlec and two anonymous reviewers
for the insightful comments that significantly improved the manuscript.
Use of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not constitute endorsement by the USGS.
NR 71
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD MAR 15
PY 2011
VL 126
IS 3-4
SI SI
BP 297
EP 313
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.03.028
PG 17
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 734AR
UT WOS:000288306100004
ER
PT J
AU Haywood, AM
Ridgwell, A
Lunt, DJ
Hill, DJ
Pound, MJ
Dowsett, HJ
Dolan, AM
Francis, JE
Williams, M
AF Haywood, Alan M.
Ridgwell, Andy
Lunt, Daniel J.
Hill, Daniel J.
Pound, Matthew J.
Dowsett, Harry J.
Dolan, Aisling M.
Francis, Jane E.
Williams, Mark
TI Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future greenhouse
warming?
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL
AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE palaeoclimate; proxies; climate models; climate sensitivity; Earth
System Sensitivity; analogue
ID EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE GLACIATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE
CONCENTRATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LATE MIOCENE CLIMATE; MIDDLE
PLIOCENE; OCEAN CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS;
ISOTOPE EXCURSION
AB Given the inherent uncertainties in predicting how climate and environments will respond to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, it would be beneficial to society if science could identify geological analogues to the human race's current grand climate experiment. This has been a focus of the geological and palaeoclimate communities over the last 30 years, with many scientific papers claiming that intervals in Earth history can be used as an analogue for future climate change. Using a coupled ocean-atmosphere modelling approach, we test this assertion for the most probable pre-Quaternary candidates of the last 100 million years: the Mid-and Late Cretaceous, the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the Early Eocene, as well as warm intervals within the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. These intervals fail as true direct analogues since they either represent equilibrium climate states to a long-term CO2 forcing-whereas anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases provide a progressive (transient) forcing on climate-or the sensitivity of the climate system itself to CO2 was different. While no close geological analogue exists, past warm intervals in Earth history provide a unique opportunity to investigate processes that operated during warm (high CO2) climate states. Palaeoclimate and environmental reconstruction/modelling are facilitating the assessment and calculation of the response of global temperatures to increasing CO2 concentrations in the longer term (multiple centuries); this is now referred to as the Earth System Sensitivity, which is critical in identifying CO2 thresholds in the atmosphere that must not be crossed to avoid dangerous levels of climate change in the long term. Palaeoclimatology also provides a unique and independent way to evaluate the qualities of climate and Earth system models used to predict future climate.
C1 [Haywood, Alan M.; Pound, Matthew J.; Dolan, Aisling M.; Francis, Jane E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Ridgwell, Andy; Lunt, Daniel J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
[Hill, Daniel J.; Williams, Mark] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England.
[Dowsett, Harry J.] USGS 926A Natl Ctr Reston, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Williams, Mark] Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Earth & Environm Bldg,Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
EM earamh@leeds.ac.uk
RI Williams, Mark/B-7590-2009; Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Dolan,
Aisling/D-2625-2012;
OI Williams, Mark/0000-0002-7987-6069; Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928;
Pound, Matthew/0000-0001-8029-9548; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925;
Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524
FU Leverhulme Trust; NERC; NERC AFI; US Department of Interior; US
Geological Survey; Research Councils UK
FX A.M.H. acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Philip
Leverhulme Prize (2008). A.R., D.J.L, A.M.H. and J.E.F. conducted this
research as part of the NERC grants entitled 'Dynamics of the
Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum', and NERC AFI-grant entitled
'Terminal Cretaceous climate change and biotic response in Antarctica'.
H.J.D. acknowledges the US Department of Interior and the US Geological
Survey global change programme for funding. The paper forms part of the
US Geological Survey PRISM project (Pliocene Research Interpretations
and Synoptic Mapping). D.J.L. acknowledges Research Councils UK for the
award of an RCUK fellowship. A.M.D. acknowledges NERC for the provision
of a doctoral training grant.
NR 125
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U1 2
U2 60
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1364-503X
EI 1471-2962
J9 PHILOS T R SOC A
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
PD MAR 13
PY 2011
VL 369
IS 1938
BP 933
EP 956
DI 10.1098/rsta.2010.0317
PG 24
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 713GL
UT WOS:000286723100007
PM 21282155
ER
PT J
AU Merritts, D
Walter, R
Rahnis, M
Hartranft, J
Cox, S
Gellis, A
Potter, N
Hilgartner, W
Langland, M
Manion, L
Lippincott, C
Siddiqui, S
Rehman, Z
Scheid, C
Kratz, L
Shilling, A
Jenschke, M
Datin, K
Cranmer, E
Reed, A
Matuszewski, D
Voli, M
Ohlson, E
Neugebauer, A
Ahamed, A
Neal, C
Winter, A
Becker, S
AF Merritts, Dorothy
Walter, Robert
Rahnis, Michael
Hartranft, Jeff
Cox, Scott
Gellis, Allen
Potter, Noel
Hilgartner, William
Langland, Michael
Manion, Lauren
Lippincott, Caitlin
Siddiqui, Sauleh
Rehman, Zain
Scheid, Chris
Kratz, Laura
Shilling, Andrea
Jenschke, Matthew
Datin, Katherine
Cranmer, Elizabeth
Reed, Austin
Matuszewski, Derek
Voli, Mark
Ohlson, Erik
Neugebauer, Ali
Ahamed, Aakash
Neal, Conor
Winter, Allison
Becker, Steven
TI Anthropocene streams and base-level controls from historic dams in the
unglaciated mid-Atlantic region, USA
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL
AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Anthropocene; geomorphology; surface processes; base level
ID SEDIMENT YIELD; RIVER; MARYLAND; EROSION; CHANNEL; PIEDMONT;
PENNSYLVANIA; EVOLUTION; VIRGINIA; URBANIZATION
AB Recently, widespread valley-bottom damming for water power was identified as a primary control on valley sedimentation in the mid-Atlantic US during the late seventeenth to early twentieth century. The timing of damming coincided with that of accelerated upland erosion during post-European settlement land-use change. In this paper, we examine the impact of local drops in base level on incision into historic reservoir sediment as thousands of ageing dams breach. Analysis of lidar and field data indicates that historic milldam building led to local base-level rises of 2-5m (typical milldam height) and reduced valley slopes by half. Subsequent base-level fall with dam breaching led to an approximate doubling in slope, a significant base-level forcing. Case studies in forested, rural as well as agricultural and urban areas demonstrate that a breached dam can lead to stream incision, bank erosion and increased loads of suspended sediment, even with no change in land use. After dam breaching, key predictors of stream bank erosion include number of years since dam breach, proximity to a dam and dam height. One implication of this work is that conceptual models linking channel condition and sediment yield exclusively with modern upland land use are incomplete for valleys impacted by milldams. With no equivalent in the Holocene or late Pleistocene sedimentary record, modern incised stream-channel forms in the mid-Atlantic region represent a transient response to both base-level forcing and major changes in land use beginning centuries ago. Similar channel forms might also exist in other locales where historic milling was prevalent.
C1 [Merritts, Dorothy; Walter, Robert; Rahnis, Michael; Manion, Lauren; Lippincott, Caitlin; Siddiqui, Sauleh; Rehman, Zain; Scheid, Chris; Kratz, Laura; Shilling, Andrea; Jenschke, Matthew; Datin, Katherine; Cranmer, Elizabeth; Reed, Austin; Matuszewski, Derek; Voli, Mark; Ohlson, Erik; Neugebauer, Ali; Ahamed, Aakash; Neal, Conor; Winter, Allison; Becker, Steven] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA.
[Hartranft, Jeff; Cox, Scott] PA Dept Environm Protect, Harrisburg, PA 17101 USA.
[Gellis, Allen] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Potter, Noel] Dickinson Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA.
[Hilgartner, William] Johns Hopkins Univ, Engn Programs Profess, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Langland, Michael] US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA.
RP Merritts, D (reprint author), Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, POB 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA.
EM dorothy.merritts@fandm.edu
RI Siddiqui, Sauleh/G-2231-2012
FU Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; Chesapeake Bay
Commission; Franklin and Marshall College; US Environmental Protection
Agency; National Science Foundation [EAR-0923224]
FX Funding for this work was provided by the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Protection, the Chesapeake Bay Commission, Franklin and
Marshall College, the US Environmental Protection Agency and the
National Science Foundation (EAR-0923224). Lidar was provided by the
National Science Foundation's National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping
and the state of Pennsylvania. We are particularly grateful to the
following landowners and agencies for granting us permission to work on
their property: Joseph Sweeney, Masonic Villages, The Nature
Conservancy, Valley Forge National Historical Park, Don and Roseanne
Mann, Harlan Keener and Marvin Groff. This work benefitted from
discussions with W. Oberholtzer, D. Altland, E. Wohl and W. Dietrich.
Four anonymous reviews were very helpful in improving the presentation
of various concepts and data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
US Government.
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PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1364-503X
EI 1471-2962
J9 PHILOS T R SOC A
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
PD MAR 13
PY 2011
VL 369
IS 1938
BP 976
EP 1009
DI 10.1098/rsta.2010.0335
PG 34
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 713GL
UT WOS:000286723100009
PM 21282157
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, JE
Ducey, MJ
Fast, A
Martin, ME
Lepine, L
Smith, ML
Lee, TD
Dubayah, RO
Hofton, MA
Hyde, P
Peterson, BE
Blair, JB
AF Anderson, Jeanne E.
Ducey, Mark J.
Fast, Andrew
Martin, Mary E.
Lepine, Lucie
Smith, Marie-Louise
Lee, Thomas D.
Dubayah, Ralph O.
Hofton, Michelle A.
Hyde, Peter
Peterson, Birgit E.
Blair, J. Bryan
TI Use of waveform lidar and hyperspectral sensors to assess selected
spatial and structural patterns associated with recent and repeat
disturbance and the abundance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in
a temperate mixed hardwood and conifer forest
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE lidar; hyperspectral; ice storm; tree mortality; stem volume losses;
Acer saccharum
ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; ICE STORM; CATASTROPHIC WIND;
CANOPY STRUCTURE; LASER ALTIMETER; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; VEGETATION;
HURRICANE
AB Waveform lidar imagery was acquired on September 26, 1999 over the Bartlett Experimental Forest (BEF) in New Hampshire (USA) using NASA's Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS). This flight occurred 20 months after an ice storm damaged millions of hectares of forestland in northeastern North America. Lidar measurements of the amplitude and intensity of ground energy returns appeared to readily detect areas of moderate to severe ice storm damage associated with the worst damage. Southern through eastern aspects on side slopes were particularly susceptible to higher levels of damage, in large part overlapping tracts of forest that had suffered the highest levels of wind damage from the 1938 hurricane and containing the highest levels of sugar maple basal area and biomass. The levels of sugar maple abundance were determined through analysis of the 1997 Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) high resolution spectral imagery and inventory of USFS Northern Research Station field plots. We found a relationship between field measurements of stem volume losses and the LVIS metric of mean canopy height (r(2) = 0.66; root mean square errors = 5.7 m(3)/ha, p < 0.0001) in areas that had been subjected to moderate-to-severe ice storm damage, accurately documenting the short-term outcome of a single disturbance event. C (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3554639]
C1 [Anderson, Jeanne E.; Martin, Mary E.; Lepine, Lucie] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Ducey, Mark J.; Lee, Thomas D.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Smith, Marie-Louise] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
[Dubayah, Ralph O.; Hofton, Michelle A.; Hyde, Peter] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Peterson, Birgit E.] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Blair, J. Bryan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Laser Remote Sensing Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM jeanne.anderson@alumni.unh.edu; mark.ducey@unh.edu; afast@ceunh.unh.edu;
mary.martin@unh.edu; lucie.lepine@unh.edu; marielouisesmith@fs.fed.us;
tom.lee@unh.edu; dubayah@umd.edu; mhofton@umd.edu; bpeterson@usgs.gov;
james.b.blair@nasa.gov
RI Khachadourian, Diana/C-8513-2012; Blair, James/D-3881-2013; Ducey,
Mark/K-1101-2016;
OI Lepine, Lucie/0000-0003-1028-2534
FU University of Maryland, College Park; NASA [NGT5-ESSF/03-0000-0026];
National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research,
Education and Extension Service [2003-35101-13646]; U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service Northern Research Station
FX Lidar data were acquired through the LVIS team in the Laser Remote
Sensing Branch at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with support from the
University of Maryland, College Park. This research was also funded in
part through a NASA Space Grant to the University of New Hampshire, a
Switzer Environmental Fellowship, and an Earth System Science Fellowship
to the first author (NASA NGT5-ESSF/03-0000-0026). This project was also
supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative
State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant No.
2003-35101-13646 (Efficient Methods of Sampling Coarse Woody Debris) to
Mark J. Ducey. Portions of this research are based upon data generated
in long-term research studies on the Bartlett Experimental Forest,
funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Northern
Research Station.
NR 56
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U1 3
U2 20
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS
JI J. Appl. Remote Sens.
PD MAR 11
PY 2011
VL 5
AR 053504
DI 10.1117/1.3554639
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 734VH
UT WOS:000288367600002
ER
PT J
AU Williams, BK
AF Williams, Byron K.
TI Resolving structural uncertainty in natural resources management using
POMDP approaches
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Natural resources; Markov decision process; Partial observability;
Structural uncertainty; Value iteration
ID MARKOV DECISION-PROCESSES; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; HORIZON;
FACE
AB In recent years there has been a growing focus on the uncertainties of natural resources management, and the importance of accounting for uncertainty in assessing management effectiveness. This paper focuses on uncertainty in resource management in terms of discrete-state Markov decision processes (MOP) under structural uncertainty and partial observability. It describes the treatment of structural uncertainty with approaches developed for partially observable resource systems. In particular, I show how value iteration for partially observable MDPs (POMDP) can be extended to structurally uncertain MDPs. A key difference between these process classes is that structurally uncertain MDPs require the tracking of system state as well as a probability structure for the structure uncertainty, whereas with POMDPs require only a probability structure for the observation uncertainty. The added complexity of the optimization problem under structural uncertainty is compensated by reduced dimensionality in the search for optimal strategy. A solution algorithm for structurally uncertain processes is outlined for a simple example in conservation biology. By building on the conceptual framework developed for POMDPs, natural resource analysts and decision makers who confront structural uncertainties in natural resources can take advantage of the rapid growth in POMDP methods and approaches, and thereby produce better conservation strategies over a larger class of resource problems. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM Byron_ken_williams@usgs.gov
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U1 2
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD MAR 10
PY 2011
VL 222
IS 5
BP 1092
EP 1102
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.12.015
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 728UY
UT WOS:000287901200003
ER
PT J
AU Grimes, CB
Cheadle, MJ
John, BE
Reiners, PW
Wooden, JL
AF Grimes, Craig B.
Cheadle, Michael J.
John, Barbara E.
Reiners, Peter W.
Wooden, Joseph L.
TI Cooling rates and the depth of detachment faulting at oceanic core
complexes: Evidence from zircon Pb/U and (U-Th)/He ages
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mid-Atlantic Ridge; oceanic detachment fault; oceanic core complex;
thermochronometry; zircon; Ocean Drilling Program; 3614 Mineralogy and
Petrology: Mid-oceanic ridge processes (1032,8416); 1140 Geochronology:
Thermochronology; 8178 Tectonophysics: Tectonics and magmatism; 9325
Geographic Location: Atlantic Ocean; 1115 Geochronology: Radioisotope
geochronology
ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SLOW-SPREADING RIDGES; SW INDIAN RIDGE;
MICROEARTHQUAKE CHARACTERISTICS; THERMAL CONSTRAINTS; HYDROTHERMAL
FIELD; CRUSTAL ACCRETION; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; OMAN OPHIOLITE; DEGREES N
AB Oceanic detachment faulting represents a distinct mode of seafloor spreading at slow spreading mid-ocean ridges, but many questions persist about the thermal evolution and depth of faulting. We present new Pb/U and (U-Th)/He zircon ages and combine them with magnetic anomaly ages to define the cooling histories of gabbroic crust exposed by oceanic detachment faults at three sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) holes 1270D and 1275D near the 15 degrees 20'N Transform, and Atlantis Massif at 30 degrees N). Closure temperatures for the Pb/U (similar to 800 degrees C-850 degrees C) and (U-Th)/He (similar to 210 degrees C) isotopic systems in zircon bracket acquisition of magnetic remanence, collectively providing a temperature-time history during faulting. Results indicate cooling to similar to 200 degrees C in 0.3-0.5 Myr after zircon crystallization, recording time-averaged cooling rates of similar to 1000 degrees C-2000 degrees C/Myr. Assuming the footwalls were denuded along single continuous faults, differences in Pb/U and (U-Th)/He zircon ages together with independently determined slip rates allow the distance between the similar to 850 degrees C and similar to 200 degrees C isotherms along the fault plane to be estimated. Calculated distances are 8.4 +/- 4.2 km and 5.0 +/- 2.1 km from holes 1275D and 1270D and 8.4 +/- 1.4 km at Atlantis Massif. Estimating an initial subsurface fault dip of 50 degrees and a depth of 1.5 km to the 200 degrees C isotherm leads to the prediction that the similar to 850 degrees C isotherm lies similar to 5-7 km below seafloor at the time of faulting. These depth estimates for active fault systems are consistent with depths of microseismicity observed beneath the hypothesized detachment fault at the TAG hydrothermal field and high-temperature fault rocks recovered from many oceanic detachment faults.
C1 [Grimes, Craig B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Cheadle, Michael J.; John, Barbara E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Reiners, Peter W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Stanford Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Grimes, CB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 5448, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM cgrimes@geosci.msstate.edu
FU NSF OCE [0550456, 0352054]; U.S. Science Support Program [48297, 48298]
FX This research used samples and data provided by the Ocean Drilling
Program (ODP). Technical assistance from Brad Ito with the sensitive
high-resolution ion microprobe and Stefan Nicolescu's efforts in
obtaining (U-Th)/He ages for these samples are both gratefully
acknowledged. Discussions with Jeff Gee, Peter Kelemen, and Bill Meurer
were helpful in developing this paper. This work was supported by NSF
OCE grant 0550456 to John, 0352054 to Cheadle and John, and grants from
the U.S. Science Support Program (award 48297 to John and 48298 to
Grimes). Comments from two anonymous reviewers were helpful in improving
this paper.
NR 97
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD MAR 9
PY 2011
VL 12
AR Q0AG01
DI 10.1029/2010GC003391
PG 27
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 734IF
UT WOS:000288327100001
ER
PT J
AU Prosser, DJ
Cui, P
Takekawa, JY
Tang, MJ
Hou, YS
Collins, BM
Yan, BP
Hill, NJ
Li, TX
Li, YD
Lei, FM
Guo, S
Xing, Z
He, YB
Zhou, YC
Douglas, DC
Perry, WM
Newman, SH
AF Prosser, Diann J.
Cui, Peng
Takekawa, John Y.
Tang, Mingjie
Hou, Yuansheng
Collins, Bridget M.
Yan, Baoping
Hill, Nichola J.
Li, Tianxian
Li, Yongdong
Lei, Fumin
Guo, Shan
Xing, Zhi
He, Yubang
Zhou, Yuanchun
Douglas, David C.
Perry, William M.
Newman, Scott H.
TI Wild Bird Migration across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A Transmission
Route for Highly Pathogenic H5N1
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; WESTERN CHINA; HONG-KONG; INFECTION; WATERFOWL;
OUTBREAK; PERSISTENCE; GEESE; LAKE; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB Background: Qinghai Lake in central China has been at the center of debate on whether wild birds play a role in circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. In 2005, an unprecedented epizootic at Qinghai Lake killed more than 6000 migratory birds including over 3000 bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). H5N1 subsequently spread to Europe and Africa, and in following years has re-emerged in wild birds along the Central Asia flyway several times.
Methodology/Principal Findings: To better understand the potential involvement of wild birds in the spread of H5N1, we studied the movements of bar-headed geese marked with GPS satellite transmitters at Qinghai Lake in relation to virus outbreaks and disease risk factors. We discovered a previously undocumented migratory pathway between Qinghai Lake and the Lhasa Valley of Tibet where 93% of the 29 marked geese overwintered. From 2003-2009, sixteen outbreaks in poultry or wild birds were confirmed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the majority were located within the migratory pathway of the geese. Spatial and temporal concordance between goose movements and three potential H5N1 virus sources (poultry farms, a captive bar-headed goose facility, and H5N1 outbreak locations) indicated ample opportunities existed for virus spillover and infection of migratory geese on the wintering grounds. Their potential as a vector of H5N1 was supported by rapid migration movements of some geese and genetic relatedness of H5N1 virus isolated from geese in Tibet and Qinghai Lake.
Conclusions/Significance: This is the first study to compare phylogenetics of the virus with spatial ecology of its host, and the combined results suggest that wild birds play a role in the spread of H5N1 in this region. However, the strength of the evidence would be improved with additional sequences from both poultry and wild birds on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where H5N1 has a clear stronghold.
C1 [Prosser, Diann J.; Collins, Bridget M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA.
[Prosser, Diann J.] Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Cui, Peng; Lei, Fumin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Cui, Peng; Tang, Mingjie] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Takekawa, John Y.; Hill, Nichola J.; Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA.
[Tang, Mingjie; Yan, Baoping; Zhou, Yuanchun] Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Hou, Yuansheng; Xing, Zhi; He, Yubang] State Forestry Adm, Qinghai Lake Natl Nat Reserve, Xining, Qinghai, Peoples R China.
[Li, Tianxian; Li, Yongdong] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Virol, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
[Guo, Shan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA.
[Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, EMPRES Wildlife Unit, Rome, Italy.
RP Prosser, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA.
EM dprosser@usgs.gov
RI Hill, Nichola/G-4003-2011;
OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799
FU Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Western Ecological Research Center;
Alaska Science Center; Avian Influenza Program; United Nations FAO,
Animal Production and Health Division,; EMPRES Wildlife Unit; National
Science Foundation [0713027]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [2007FY210700,
INFO-115-D02, KSCX2-YW-N-063, 2005CB523007]
FX This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey (Patuxent
Wildlife Research Center, Western Ecological Research Center, Alaska
Science Center, and Avian Influenza Program); the United Nations FAO,
Animal Production and Health Division, EMPRES Wildlife Unit; National
Science Foundation Small Grants for Exploratory Research (No. 0713027);
and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2007FY210700, INFO-115-D02,
KSCX2-YW-N-063 and 2005CB523007). The founders had no role in study
design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 71
TC 50
Z9 54
U1 2
U2 37
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAR 9
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 3
AR e17622
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017622
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 732FR
UT WOS:000288170900031
PM 21408010
ER
PT J
AU Wright, SA
Kaplinski, M
AF Wright, Scott A.
Kaplinski, Matt
TI Flow structures and sandbar dynamics in a canyon river during a
controlled flood, Colorado River, Arizona
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAND-CANYON; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SECONDARY CURRENTS; RECIRCULATING
FLOW; MEANDER BENDS; GROYNE FIELDS; MODEL; STREAM; CONFLUENCES;
SIMULATION
AB In canyon rivers, debris fan constrictions create rapids and downstream pools characterized by secondary flow structures that are closely linked to channel morphology. In this paper we describe detailed measurements of the three-dimensional flow structure and sandbar dynamics of two pools along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon during a controlled flood release from Glen Canyon Dam. Results indicate that the pools are characterized by large lateral recirculation zones (eddies) resulting from flow separation downstream from the channel constrictions, as well as helical flow structures in the main channel and eddy. The lateral recirculation zones are low-velocity areas conducive to fine sediment deposition, particularly in the vicinity of the separation and reattachment points and are thus the dominant flow structures controlling sandbar dynamics. The helical flow structures also affect morphology but appear secondary in importance to the lateral eddies. During the controlled flood, sandbars in the separation and reattachment zones at both sites tended to build gradually during the rising limb and peak flow. Deposition in shallow water on the sandbars was accompanied by erosion in deeper water along the sandbar slope at the interface with the main channel. Erosion occurred via rapid mass failures as well as by gradual boundary shear stress driven processes. The flow structures and morphologic links at our study sites are similar to those identified in other river environments, in particular sharply curved meanders and channel confluences where the coexistence of lateral recirculation and helical flows has been documented.
C1 [Wright, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Kaplinski, Matt] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Wright, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM sawright@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey's Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center
FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Grand Canyon
Monitoring and Research Center and would not have been possible without
a talented field crew consisting of Brian Dierker, Pete Weiss, Tim
Cooper, Keith Kohl, Joe Hazel, Emily Thompson, Nathan Schott, Craig
Anderson, and Kees Sloff. Ongoing discussions with the Grand Canyon
"sediment team" contributed to design and outcomes of this study. Jack
Schmidt and Joe Hazel provided helpful comments and discussions based on
initial drafts of the manuscript. Two anonymous reviews and a review by
Maarten Kleinhans led to substantial improvements to the manuscript.
NR 48
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.
PD MAR 8
PY 2011
VL 116
AR F01019
DI 10.1029/2009JF001442
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 734II
UT WOS:000288327400001
ER
PT J
AU Munson, SM
Belnap, J
Okin, GS
AF Munson, Seth M.
Belnap, Jayne
Okin, Gregory S.
TI Responses of wind erosion to climate-induced vegetation changes on the
Colorado Plateau
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE arid; horizontal flux; land use; national park; threshold shear velocity
ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; OWENS LAKE; TRANSPORT;
DUST; SHRUBLAND; DESERT; COVER; DESERTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE
AB Projected increases in aridity throughout the southwestern United States due to anthropogenic climate change will likely cause reductions in perennial vegetation cover, which leaves soil surfaces exposed to erosion. Accelerated rates of dust emission from wind erosion have large implications for ecosystems and human wellbeing, yet there is poor understanding of the sources and magnitude of dust emission in a hotter and drier climate. Here we use a two-stage approach to compare the susceptibility of grasslands and three different shrublands to wind erosion on the Colorado Plateau and demonstrate how climate can indirectly moderate the magnitude of aeolian sediment flux through different responses of dominant plants in these communities. First, using results from 20 y of vegetation monitoring, we found perennial grass cover in grasslands declined with increasing mean annual temperature in the previous year, whereas shrub cover in shrublands either showed no change or declined as temperature increased, depending on the species. Second, we used these vegetation monitoring results and measurements of soil stability as inputs into a field-validated wind erosion model and found that declines in perennial vegetation cover coupled with disturbance to biological soil crust resulted in an exponential increase in modeled aeolian sediment flux. Thus the effects of increased temperature on perennial plant cover and the correlation of declining plant cover with increased aeolian flux strongly suggest that sustained drought conditions across the southwest will accelerate the likelihood of dust production in the future on disturbed soil surfaces.
C1 [Munson, Seth M.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
[Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Munson, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
EM smunson@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey Global Change Research Program
FX Thanks to M. E. Miller, T. Belote, and F. Urban for supplemental field
data and helpful suggestions, M. McKee and A. Wight for compiling park
datasets, as well as J. Li, C. Lawrence, and C. Vojta for reviews of
earlier versions of this paper. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the US Government. A grant from the US Geological Survey
Global Change Research Program supported this work.
NR 36
TC 85
Z9 87
U1 4
U2 77
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAR 8
PY 2011
VL 108
IS 10
BP 3854
EP 3859
DI 10.1073/pnas.1014947108
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 731PA
UT WOS:000288120400012
PM 21368143
ER
PT J
AU Perry, CT
Salter, MA
Harborne, AR
Crowley, SF
Jelks, HL
Wilson, RW
AF Perry, Chris T.
Salter, Michael A.
Harborne, Alastair R.
Crowley, Stephen F.
Jelks, Howard L.
Wilson, Rod W.
TI Fish as major carbonate mud producers and missing components of the
tropical carbonate factory
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE marine teleost; fish intestine; carbonate production
ID GREAT BAHAMA BANK; LIME MUD; REEF ENVIRONMENTS; PRECIPITATION; WHITINGS;
CALCITE; BELIZE; ORIGIN; GRAINS
AB Carbonate mud is a major constituent of recent marine carbonate sediments and of ancient limestones, which contain unique records of changes in ocean chemistry and climate shifts in the geological past. However, the origin of carbonate mud is controversial and often problematic to resolve. Here we show that tropical marine fish produce and excrete various forms of precipitated (nonskeletal) calcium carbonate from their guts ("low" and "high" Mg-calcite and aragonite), but that very fine-grained ( mostly < 2 mu m) high Mg-calcite crystallites (i.e., > 4 mole % MgCO(3)) are their dominant excretory product. Crystallites from fish are morphologically diverse and species-specific, but all are unique relative to previously known biogenic and abiotic sources of carbonate within open marine systems. Using site specific fish biomass and carbonate excretion rate data we estimate that fish produce similar to 6.1 x 10(6) kg CaCO(3)/year across the Bahamian archipelago, all as mud-grade (the < 63 mu m fraction) carbonate and thus as a potential sediment constituent. Estimated contributions from fish to total carbonate mud production average similar to 14% overall, and exceed 70% in specific habitats. Critically, we also document the widespread presence of these distinctive fish-derived carbonates in the finest sediment fractions from all habitat types in the Bahamas, demonstrating that these carbonates have direct relevance to contemporary carbonate sediment budgets. Fish thus represent a hitherto unrecognized but significant source of fine-grained carbonate sediment, the discovery of which has direct application to the conceptual ideas of how marine carbonate factories function both today and in the past.
C1 [Perry, Chris T.; Salter, Michael A.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Sch Sci & Environm, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England.
[Harborne, Alastair R.; Wilson, Rod W.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England.
[Crowley, Stephen F.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England.
[Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Perry, CT (reprint author), Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Sch Sci & Environm, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England.
EM c.t.perry@mmu.ac.uk; r.w.wilson@ex.ac.uk
RI Harborne, Alastair/F-6155-2013
OI Harborne, Alastair/0000-0002-6818-8615
FU Cape Eleuthera Institute; Nature Conservancy; Natural Environment
Research Council [NE/G010617/1, NE/F015704/1]; Biotechnology and
Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/D005108/1, BB/F009364/1]
FX We acknowledge the support of staff at the Cape Eleuthera Institute,
especially Annabelle Oronti, Karla Cosgriff, Aaron Shultz, and Thiago
Soligo. The Bahamian seagrass and mangrove habitats were mapped by
Damaris Torres and colleagues at the University of South Florida under a
contract from The Nature Conservancy. Ian Elliott prepared the Bahamas
habitat map. Fish data were collected under the National Science
Foundation Bahamas Bicomplexity Project. Peter Mumby, Craig Dahlgren,
William Smith-Vaniz, and Luiz Rocha conducted some of the fish censuses.
This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council
(Grant NE/G010617/1 to C.T.P and R.W.W) and Biotechnology and Biological
Sciences Research Council (Grants BB/D005108/1 and BB/F009364/1 to
R.W.W.). A.R.H. was funded by Natural Environment Research Council
Fellowship NE/F015704/1.
NR 35
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 17
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAR 8
PY 2011
VL 108
IS 10
BP 3865
EP 3869
DI 10.1073/pnas.1015895108
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 731PA
UT WOS:000288120400014
PM 21368155
ER
PT J
AU Naftz, DL
Schuster, PF
Johnson, CA
AF Naftz, David L.
Schuster, Paul F.
Johnson, Craig A.
TI A 50-year record of NOx and SO2 sources in precipitation in the Northern
Rocky Mountains, USA
SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID UPPER FREMONT GLACIER; ANTARCTIC ICE CORE; ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE;
UNITED-STATES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; SULFUR ISOTOPES;
FRESH-WATER; DEPOSITION; SULFATE
AB Ice-core samples from Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG), Wyoming, were used as proxy records for the chemical composition of atmospheric deposition. Results of analysis of the ice-core samples for stable isotopes of nitrogen (delta N-15, NO3-) and sulfur (delta S-34, SO42), as well as NO3- and SO42 deposition rates from the late-1940s thru the early-1990s, were used to enhance and extend existing National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) data in western Wyoming. The most enriched delta S-34 value in the UFG ice-core samples coincided with snow deposited during the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens, Washington. The remaining delta S-34 values were similar to the isotopic composition of coal from southern Wyoming. The delta N-15 values in ice-core samples representing a similar period of snow deposition were negative, ranging from -5.9 to -3.2 parts per thousand and all fall within the delta N-15 values expected from vehicle emissions. Ice-core nitrate and sulfate deposition data reflect the sharply increasing U.S. emissions data from 1950 to the mid-1970s.
C1 [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
[Schuster, Paul F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Johnson, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Naftz, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
EM dlnaftz@usgs.gov
FU USGS; National Atmospheric Deposition/National Trends Network
FX Use of brand names in this article is for identification purposes only
and does not constitute endorsement by the USGS. Funding for this study
was provided by the USGS and National Atmospheric Deposition/National
Trends Network. Analytical assistance by Craig A. Stricker and Cayce A.
Gulbransen during the isotopic analyses is greatly appreciated. The
sharing of isotopic data derived from monitoring sites in Wyoming by
Carol Kendall is gratefully acknowledged. The manuscript was improved
substantially from technical reviews by Philip Gardner and Anthony
Ranalli (U. S. Geological Survey), Tyler Cruickshank (Utah Department of
Environmental Quality), and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 51
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 19
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1467-4866
J9 GEOCHEM T
JI Geochem. Trans.
PD MAR 7
PY 2011
VL 12
AR 4
DI 10.1186/1467-4866-12-4
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 737FE
UT WOS:000288553700001
PM 21385368
ER
PT J
AU Grabowski, TB
Thorsteinsson, V
McAdam, BJ
Marteinsdottir, G
AF Grabowski, Timothy B.
Thorsteinsson, Vilhjalmur
McAdam, Bruce J.
Marteinsdottir, Gudrun
TI Evidence of Segregated Spawning in a Single Marine Fish Stock: Sympatric
Divergence of Ecotypes in Icelandic Cod?
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID GADUS-MORHUA L.; NORTH-SEA COD; ATLANTIC COD; LIFE-HISTORY;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; SPATIAL VARIATION; COASTAL
COD; FISHERIES; PATTERNS
AB There is increasing recognition of intraspecific diversity and population structure within marine fish species, yet there is little direct evidence of the isolating mechanisms that maintain it or documentation of its ecological extent. We analyzed depth and temperature histories collected by electronic data storage tags retrieved from 104 Atlantic cod at liberty >= 1 year to evaluate a possible isolating mechanisms maintaining population structure within the Icelandic cod stock. This stock consists of two distinct behavioral types, resident coastal cod and migratory frontal cod, each occurring within two geographically distinct populations. Despite being captured together on the same spawning grounds, we show the behavioral types seem reproductively isolated by fine-scale differences in spawning habitat selection, primarily depth. Additionally, the different groups occupied distinct seasonal thermal and bathymetric niches that generally demonstrated low levels of overlap throughout the year. Our results indicate that isolating mechanisms, such as differential habitat selection during spawning, might contribute to maintaining diversity and fine-scale population structure in broadcast-spawning marine fishes.
C1 [Grabowski, Timothy B.; McAdam, Bruce J.; Marteinsdottir, Gudrun] Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, Reykjavik, Iceland.
[Grabowski, Timothy B.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Thorsteinsson, Vilhjalmur] Marine Res Inst Hafrannsoknastofnunin, Reykjavik, Iceland.
RP Grabowski, TB (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, Reykjavik, Iceland.
EM t.grabowski@ttu.edu
FU Marine Research Institute, Iceland; University of Iceland; EU
[Q5RS-2002-00813, Q5RS-2001-00953]; Icelandic Research Fund [070019023];
Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture
FX Funding for this project was provided by the Marine Research Institute,
Iceland; the University of Iceland Research Fund; the EU projects
"CODYSSEY" (Q5RS-2002-00813; 2003-2006) and "METACOD" (Q5RS-2001-00953;
2002-2005); the Icelandic Research Fund (070019023); and the Fisheries
Project Fund of the Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. The
funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 46
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 21
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAR 7
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 3
AR e17528
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0017528
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 731IP
UT WOS:000288099800022
PM 21408180
ER
PT J
AU Gleeson, T
Marklund, L
Smith, L
Manning, AH
AF Gleeson, Tom
Marklund, Lars
Smith, Leslie
Manning, Andrew H.
TI Classifying the water table at regional to continental scales
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; SURFACE; TOPOGRAPHY
AB Water tables at regional to continental scales can be classified into two distinct types: recharge-controlled water tables that are largely disconnected from topography and topography-controlled water tables that are closely tied to topography. We use geomatic synthesis of hydrologic, geologic and topographic data sets to quantify and map water-table type over the contiguous United States using a dimensionless criterion introduced by Haitjema and Mitchell-Bruker (2005), called the water-table ratio, which differentiates water-table type. Our analysis indicates that specific regions of the United States have broadly contiguous and characteristic water-table types. Water-table ratio relates to water-table depth and the potential for regional groundwater flow. In regions with recharge-controlled water tables, for example the Southwest or Rocky Mountains, USA, water-tables depths are generally greater and more variable and regional groundwater flow is generally more important as a percentage of the watershed budget. Water-table depths are generally shallow and less variable, and regional groundwater flow is limited in areas with topography-controlled water tables such as the Northeast USA. The water-table ratio is a simple but powerful criterion for evaluating regional groundwater systems over broad areas. Citation: Gleeson, T., L. Marklund, L. Smith, and A. H. Manning (2011), Classifying the water table at regional to continental scales, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05401, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046427.
C1 [Gleeson, Tom; Smith, Leslie] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Manning, Andrew H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Marklund, Lars] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, SE-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden.
RP Gleeson, T (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, 6339 Stores Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
EM tgleeson@eos.ubc.ca
RI Gleeson, Tom/F-2552-2011;
OI Gleeson, Tom/0000-0001-9493-7707; Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237
FU NSERC
FX T. Gleeson is supported by a NSERC post-doctoral fellowship. Ying Fan,
Tom Brittanacher, Jean-Michel Lemieux, and Pierre Therrien contributed
and helped with geospatial databases. Reviews by S. Earman, R. Johnson,
and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript.
NR 34
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 4
U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 5
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L05401
DI 10.1029/2010GL046427
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 731DT
UT WOS:000288087200001
ER
PT J
AU Newman, AV
Hayes, G
Wei, Y
Convers, J
AF Newman, Andrew V.
Hayes, Gavin
Wei, Yong
Convers, Jaime
TI The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time
discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBDUCTION ZONES; ENERGY; DEFORMATION; MEGATHRUST; MAGNITUDE; DURATION;
DEPTH
AB The moment magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck offshore the Mentawai islands in western Indonesia on 25 October 2010 created a locally large tsunami that caused more than 400 human causalities. We identify this earthquake as a rare slow-source tsunami earthquake based on: 1) disproportionately large tsunami waves; 2) excessive rupture duration near 125 s; 3) predominantly shallow, near-trench slip determined through finite-fault modeling; and 4) deficiencies in energy-to-moment and energy-to-duration-cubed ratios, the latter in near-real time. We detail the real-time solutions that identified the slow-nature of this event, and evaluate how regional reductions in crustal rigidity along the shallow trench as determined by reduced rupture velocity contributed to increased slip, causing the 59 m local tsunami runup and observed transoceanic wave heights observed 1600 km to the southeast. Citation: Newman, A. V., G. Hayes, Y. Wei, and J. Convers (2011), The 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, from real-time discriminants, finite-fault rupture, and tsunami excitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05302, doi: 10.1029/2010GL046498.
C1 [Newman, Andrew V.; Convers, Jaime] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Hayes, Gavin] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[Hayes, Gavin] Synerget Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Wei, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Wei, Yong] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Newman, AV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM anewman@gatech.edu
RI Newman, Andrew/E-7682-2012; Convers, Jaime/F-7248-2015; Wei,
Yong/I-3462-2015
OI Newman, Andrew/0000-0001-7414-1197; Convers, Jaime/0000-0003-3144-5611;
Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342
FU USGS-NEHRP [08HQGR0028]
FX This paper was made possible through the availability of real-time GSN
seismic data managed by the USGS-NEIC. We value the constructive reviews
by G. Choy, S. Hammond, E. Bernard, S. Weinstein and an anonymous
reviewer. USGS-NEHRP grant 08HQGR0028 supported the development of
real-time energy calculations.
NR 21
TC 61
Z9 61
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 5
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L05302
DI 10.1029/2010GL046498
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 731DT
UT WOS:000288087200003
ER
PT J
AU Fischman, RL
Adamcik, RS
AF Fischman, Robert L.
Adamcik, Robert S.
TI Beyond Trust Species: The Conservation Potential of the National
Wildlife Refuge System in the Wake of Climate Change
SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; BIODIVERSITY;
DIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIES; RESILIENCE
AB Over the last two decades, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) has come to define its conservation mission in the context of species protection. The concept of "trust species" is now a common focal point for the myriad responsibilities of the FWS. This has become problematic for one of the major programs of the agency: management of the world's largest biodiversity conservation network, the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS). A major legislative overhaul of the NWRS charter and the imperatives of climate change adaptation have weakened the concept as a reliable touchstone for NWRS management and expansion. The FWS should build on its culture and history to respond to new challenges that the conservation network cannot meet with the "trust species" concept alone. While management to benefit specific species offers a simple measure of accomplishment, as a policy tool it creates more problems than it solves. Adherence to the "trust species" theme limits full engagement with, and abdicates the FWS leadership role in, contemporary conservation challenges and science. This article makes the case for alternative measures of NWRS conservation success that move beyond just counting populations. Ecological integrity offers a more accurate theme for NWRS goals, a more robust tool for adapting to climate change, and a concept that the scientific literature recognizes and quantifies.
C1 [Fischman, Robert L.] Indiana Univ, Maurer Sch Law, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Fischman, Robert L.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Adamcik, Robert S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL USA.
RP Fischman, RL (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Maurer Sch Law, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
NR 100
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 21
PU UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH LAW
PI ALBUQUERQUE
PA MSC11-6070, 1 UNIVERSITY NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA
SN 0028-0739
J9 NAT RESOUR J
JI Nat. Resour. J.
PD SPR
PY 2011
VL 51
IS 1
BP 1
EP 33
PG 33
WC Environmental Studies; Law
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law
GA 813SM
UT WOS:000294388900001
ER
PT J
AU Slone, DH
Gruner, SV
AF Slone, D. H.
Gruner, S. V.
TI Untitled
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID LARVAL AGGREGATIONS; CALLIPHORIDAE; DIPTERA
C1 [Slone, D. H.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
[Gruner, S. V.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Slone, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
EM dslone@usgs.gov
OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA
SN 0022-2585
J9 J MED ENTOMOL
JI J. Med. Entomol.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 2
BP 127
EP 128
DI 10.1603/ME10203
PG 2
WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 810JM
UT WOS:000294121600002
PM 21485346
ER
PT J
AU Malanson, GP
Rose, JP
Schroeder, PJ
Fagre, DB
AF Malanson, George P.
Rose, Jonathan P.
Schroeder, P. Jason
Fagre, Daniel B.
TI CONTEXTS FOR CHANGE IN ALPINE TUNDRA
SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE alpine; continuum; ordination; tundra; vegetation; GLORIA; Indian Peaks;
Glacier National Park
ID NEUTRAL THEORY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SPECIES-RICHNESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
VEGETATION; DISPERSAL; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; GRADIENT; MODELS
AB Because alpine tundra is responding to climate change, a need exists to understand the meaning of observed changes. To provide context for such interpretation, the relevance of niche and neutral theories of biogeography and the continuum and classification approaches to biogeographic description are assessed. Two extensive studies of alpine tundra, from the Indian Peaks area, Colorado and Glacier National Park, Montana, are combined. The data are ordinated to describe relations. The pattern that emerges is one of a continuum of vegetation, but with the distinctions one might expect from distant sites. The relationships of the similarity of vegetation on all possible pairs of sites to the environmental differences and geographic distances are analyzed using Mantel correlations. Because distance and environmental differences in climate between the two sites are correlated, partial correlations are weak but still significant. More advanced analyses are suggested for this environment prior to interpretation of monitoring efforts such as GLORIA. [Key words: alpine, continuum, ordination, tundra, vegetation, GLORIA, Indian Peaks, Glacier National Park.]
C1 [Malanson, George P.; Rose, Jonathan P.; Schroeder, P. Jason] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Fagre, Daniel B.] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
RP Malanson, GP (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
FU UI Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; USGS Park
FX This work was supported by a grant from the UI Center for Global and
Regional Environmental Research to GPM and by a grant from the USGS Park
Oriented Biological Support Program to DBF. Any use of trade, product,
or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 63
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 21
PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD
PI COLUMBIA
PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA
SN 0272-3646
J9 PHYS GEOGR
JI Phys. Geogr.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 2
BP 97
EP 113
DI 10.2747/0272-3646.32.2.97
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology;
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 770XF
UT WOS:000291121100001
ER
PT J
AU Nico, LG
Sharp, P
Collins, TM
AF Nico, Leo G.
Sharp, Paul
Collins, Timothy M.
TI Imported Asian swamp eels (Synbranchidae: Monopterus) in North American
live food markets: Potential vectors of non-native parasites
SO AQUATIC INVASIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE fish; LEMIS; macroparasites; Monopterus albus; species complex; pathways
ID ANIMAL RELEASE; POPULATIONS; ALBUS; INTRODUCTIONS; DIVERSITY; SYSTEMS;
FISHES; CHINA
AB Since the 1990s, possibly earlier, large numbers of Asian swamp eels (Synbranchidae: Monopterus spp.), some wild-caught, have been imported live from various countries in Asia and sold in ethnic food markets in cities throughout the USA and parts of Canada. Such markets are the likely introduction pathway of some, perhaps most, of the five known wild populations of Asian swamp eels present in the continental United States. This paper presents results of a pilot study intended to gather baseline data on. the occurrence and abundance of internal macroparasites infecting swamp eels imported from Asia to North American retail food markets. These data are important in assessing the potential role that imported swamp eels may play as possible vectors of non-native parasites. Examination of the gastrointestinal tracts and associated tissues of 19 adult-sized swamp eels identified as M. albus "Clack C"-imported from Vietnam and present in a U.S. retail food market revealed that 18 (95%) contained macroparasites. The 394 individual parasites recovered included a mix of nematodes, acanthocephalans, cestodes, digeneans, and pentastomes. The findings raise concern because of the likelihood that some parasites infecting market swamp eels imported from Asia are themselves Asian taxa, some possibly new to North America. The ecological risk is exacerbated because swamp eels sold in food markets are occasionally retained live by customers and a few reportedly released into the wild. For comparative purposes, M. albus "Cladc C" swamp eels from a non-native population in Florida (USA) were also examined and most (84%) were found to be infected with internal macroparasites. The current level of analysis does not allow us to confirm whether these are non-native parasites.
C1 [Nico, Leo G.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
[Sharp, Paul; Collins, Timothy M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
RP Nico, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
EM LNico@usgs.gov; psharp01@fiu.edu; collinst@fiu.edu
FU U.S Fish and Wildlife Service's Invasive Species office; U.S. Geological
Survey
FX We are grateful to the following individuals for kindly providing
specimens, useful data or other advice: Robert Howells, Karsten Hartel,
Nick Mandrak, Becky Cudmore, Kari Duncan, Howard Jelks, Gary Townsend,
Leo Smith, and Travis Tuten. For help in the field or laboratory, we
thank Linda S. Nico, Mary Brown and Robert Lewis. Rebecca Cole kindly
examined our preserved material and confirmed that no gnathostomes were
present. R. Cole and four anonymous reviewers also received drafts of
the manuscript and provided helpful criticisms. The U.S Fish and
Wildlife Service's Invasive Species office and the U.S. Geological
Survey's invasive species program provided support for parts of this
work. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 37
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 14
PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC
PI HELSINKI
PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND
SN 1798-6540
J9 AQUAT INVASIONS
JI Aquat. Invasions
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 1
BP 69
EP 76
DI 10.3391/ai.2011.1.08
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 767FB
UT WOS:000290839600008
ER
PT J
AU Dimova, NT
Burnett, WC
AF Dimova, Natasha T.
Burnett, William C.
TI Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the
temporal distribution of radon-222
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID COASTAL ZONE; CONTINUOUS MONITOR; RADON; RA-226; OCEAN; ACCUMULATION;
EXCHANGE; INPUT
AB In order to evaluate groundwater discharge into small lakes we constructed a model that is based on the budget of (222)Rn (radon, t(1/2) = 3.8 d) as a tracer. The main assumptions in our model are that the lake's waters are well-mixed horizontally and vertically; the only significant (222)Rn source is via groundwater discharge; and the only losses are due to decay and atmospheric evasion. In order to evaluate the groundwater-derived (222)Rn flux, we monitored the (222)Rn concentration in lake water over periods long enough (usually 1-3 d) to observe changes likely caused by variations in atmospheric exchange (primarily a function of wind speed and temperature). We then attempt to reproduce the observed record by accounting for decay and atmospheric losses and by estimating the total (222)Rn input flux using an iterative approach. Our methodology was tested in two lakes in central Florida: one of which is thought to have significant groundwater inputs (Lake Haines) and another that is known not to have any groundwater inflows but requires daily groundwater augmentation from a deep aquifer (Round Lake). Model results were consistent with independent seepage meter data at both Lake Haines (positive seepage of similar to 1.6 x 10(4) m(3) d(-1) in Mar 2008) and at Round Lake (no net groundwater seepage).
C1 [Dimova, Natasha T.; Burnett, William C.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Dimova, NT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
EM ndimova@usgs.gov
FU FDEP [GW270]
FX We thank Bochao Xu and Natalia Tobon for assistance with the fieldwork.
Personnel from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection
(FDEP), especially Richard Hicks and Xueqing Gao, were instrumental in
initiating this research. We thank Cathleen Jonas for providing access
to her dock at Round Lake and very valuable information concerning the
regime and rate of augmentation of the lake. We also acknowledge FDEP
for the financial support of this research through contract GW270 to
Florida State University. The comments of the two anonymous reviewers
during the revision process greatly contributed to improving the clarity
of the manuscript and we thank them for their input.
NR 22
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 24
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 2
BP 486
EP 494
DI 10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486
PG 9
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 765BG
UT WOS:000290677800006
ER
PT J
AU Bayless, ER
Mandell, WA
Ursic, JR
AF Bayless, E. R.
Mandell, Wayne A.
Ursic, James R.
TI Accuracy of Flowmeters Measuring Horizontal Groundwater Flow in an
Unconsolidated Aquifer Simulator
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID BOREHOLE FLOWMETER; WATER FLOW
AB Borehole flowmeters that measure horizontal flow velocity and direction of groundwater flow are being increasingly applied to a wide variety of environmental problems. This study was carried out to evaluate the measurement accuracy of several types of flowmeters in an unconsolidated aquifer simulator. Flowmeter response to hydraulic gradient, aquifer properties, and well-screen construction was measured during 2003 and 2005 at the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. The flowmeters tested included a commercially available heat-pulse flowmeter, an acoustic Doppler flowmeter, a scanning colloidal borescope flowmeter, and a fluid-conductivity logging system. Results of the study indicated that at least one flowmeter was capable of measuring borehole flow velocity and direction in most simulated conditions. The mean error in direction measurements ranged from 15.1 degrees to 23.5 degrees and the directional accuracy of all tested flowmeters improved with increasing hydraulic gradient. The range of Darcy velocities examined in this study ranged 4.3 to 155 ft/d. For many plots comparing the simulated and measured Darcy velocity, the squared correlation coefficient (r2) exceeded 0.92. The accuracy of velocity measurements varied with well construction and velocity magnitude. The use of horizontal flowmeters in environmental studies appears promising but applications may require more than one type of flowmeter to span the range of conditions encountered in the field. Interpreting flowmeter data from field settings may be complicated by geologic heterogeneity, preferential flow, vertical flow, constricted screen openings, and nonoptimal screen orientation.
C1 [Bayless, E. R.] US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA.
[Mandell, Wayne A.] USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA.
[Ursic, James R.] US EPA, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Bayless, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Indiana Water Sci Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA.
EM ebayless@usgs.gov
NR 30
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD SPR
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 2
BP 48
EP 62
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2010.01324.x
PG 15
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 763FT
UT WOS:000290541500003
ER
PT J
AU Beauchamp, VB
Shafroth, PB
AF Beauchamp, Vanessa B.
Shafroth, Patrick B.
TI Floristic composition, beta diversity, and nestedness of reference sites
for restoration of xeroriparian areas
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE beta diversity; distance decay; nestedness; reference site; restoration;
riparian; Tamarix
ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX SPP.; RIPARIAN VEGETATION;
PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DISTANCE DECAY; WATER SALVAGE; RIVER; DYNAMICS;
ECOLOGY; MANAGEMENT
AB In restoration ecology, reference sites serve as models for areas to be restored and can provide a standard of comparison for restoration project outcomes. When reference sites are located a relatively long distance from associated restoration projects, differences in climate, disturbance history, and biogeography can increase beta diversity and may decrease the relevance of reference sites. Variation in factors at the scale of individual reference sites such as patch size, microclimate, barriers to dispersal, or soil chemistry can result in reference site species composition that is a nested subset of the regional species pool. In the western United States, restoration of riparian areas, particularly those occupied by Tamarix spp., has become a priority; however, little is known about suitable native replacement vegetation communities for relatively dry and saline riparian terraces that comprise many of the sites where Tamarix is removed prior to restoration activities. We studied plant communities on riparian terraces along five rivers in New Mexico, USA, to (1) determine whether the floristic composition of reference sites can be predicted by easily measured soil variables such as pH, salinity (electric conductivity), and texture; (2) examine the extent of distance decay in the compositional similarity of xeroriparian plant communities in the southwestern United States; and (3) determine the degree of nestedness in xeroriparian plant communities in relationship to soil variables. We found that sites clustered into groups based largely on variation in soil salinity and texture. Vegetation across all sites was highly nested with dominant, salt-tolerant species found on most soil groups and salt-intolerant subordinate species restricted to low-salinity soils. The identity of subordinate species was largely site dependent, causing all sites to have the same low degree of similarity regardless of the distance between them. We conclude that, when planning restoration projects on dry and saline riparian sites, soil salinity and texture are good predictors of which species will be most suited to the area being restored, but a candidate species pool should be developed from the nearest possible reference sites, particularly for subordinate species.
C1 [Beauchamp, Vanessa B.] US Geol Survey, ASRC Management Serv Contracted, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Beauchamp, VB (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA.
EM vbeauchamp@towson.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's
Invasive Species Program. The authors thank the U.S. Forest Service, the
Sevilleta, Bosque del Apache, and Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuges,
and the Pueblo of Isleta Indian Nation for site access, and the New
Mexico Chapter of the Nature Conservancy for lodging on the Gila River.
Courtney Walz assisted with the fieldwork, and Cynthia Pritekel
identified many of the plant specimens. This paper was improved by
comments from Susan Gresens, Julie Stromberg, and two anonymous
reviewers. The impetus for this project grew from conversations with
Gina Dello Russo and John Taylor at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife
Refuge. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government.
NR 75
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 18
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 2
BP 465
EP 476
PG 12
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 754YJ
UT WOS:000289893500015
PM 21563577
ER
PT J
AU Wehmeyer, LL
Weirich, FH
Cuffney, TF
AF Wehmeyer, Loren L.
Weirich, Frank H.
Cuffney, Thomas F.
TI Effect of land cover change on runoff curve number estimation in Iowa,
1832-2001
SO ECOHYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE land usage; surface drainage; land surveys; history
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; BIODIVERSITY;
DATABASE; QUALITY; NLCD
AB Within the first few decades of European-descended settlers arriving in Iowa, much of the land cover across the state was transformed from prairie and forest to farmland, patches of forest, and urbanized areas. Land cover change over the subsequent 126 years was minor in comparison. Between 1832 and 1859, the General Land Office conducted a survey of the State of Iowa to aid in the disbursement of land. In 1875, an illustrated atlas of the State of Iowa was published, and in 2001, the US Geological Survey National Land Cover Dataset was compiled. Using these three data resources for classifying land cover, the hydrologic impact of the land cover change at three points in time over a period of 132+ years is presented in terms of the effect on the area-weighted average curve number, a term commonly used to predict peak runoff from rainstorms. In the four watersheds studied, the area-weighted average curve number associated with the first 30 years of settlement increased from 61.4 to 77.8. State-wide mapped forest area over this same period decreased 19%. Over the next 126 years, the area-weighted average curve number decreased to 76.7, despite an additional forest area reduction of 60%. This suggests that degradation of aquatic resources (plants, fish, invertebrates, and habitat) arising from hydrologic alteration was likely to have been much higher during the 30 years of initial settlement than in the subsequent period of 126 years in which land cover changes resulted primarily from deforestation and urbanization. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
C1 [Wehmeyer, Loren L.; Cuffney, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
[Weirich, Frank H.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Weirich, Frank H.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosience, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
RP Wehmeyer, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
EM llwehmey@usgs.gov
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1936-0584
EI 1936-0592
J9 ECOHYDROLOGY
JI Ecohydrology
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 2
SI SI
BP 315
EP 321
DI 10.1002/eco.162
PG 7
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 746RH
UT WOS:000289263900016
ER
PT J
AU Erwin, RM
Brinker, DF
Watts, BD
Costanzo, GR
Morton, DD
AF Erwin, R. Michael
Brinker, David F.
Watts, Bryan D.
Costanzo, Gary R.
Morton, David D.
TI Islands at bay: rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss
in Chesapeake Bay (USA)
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE American black ducks; Chesapeake Bay; Common terns; Islands; Wading
birds; Waterbirds
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS
AB Like many resources in the Chesapeake Bay region of the U. S., many waterbird nesting populations have suffered over the past three to four decades. In this study, historic information for the entire Bay and recent results from the Tangier Sound region were evaluated to illustrate patterns of island erosion and habitat loss for 19 breeding species of waterbirds. Aerial imagery and field data collected in the nesting season were the primary sources of data. From 1993/1994 to 2007/2008, a group of 15 islands in Tangier Sound, Virginia were reduced by 21% in area, as most of their small dunes and associated vegetation and forest cover were lost to increased washovers. Concurrently, nesting American black ducks (Anas rubripes) declined by 66%, wading birds (herons-egrets) by 51%, gulls by 72%, common terns (Sterna hirundo) by 96% and black skimmers (Rynchops niger) by about 70% in this complex. The declines noted at the larger Bay-wide scale suggest that this study area maybe symptomatic of a systemic limitation of nesting habitat for these species. The island losses noted in the Chesapeake have also been noted in other Atlantic U. S. coastal states. Stabilization and/or restoration of at least some of the rapidly eroding islands at key coastal areas are critical to help sustain waterbird communities.
C1 [Erwin, R. Michael] Univ Virginia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Erwin, R. Michael] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Brinker, David F.] Nat Heritage Program, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
[Watts, Bryan D.] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA.
[Costanzo, Gary R.; Morton, David D.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA 23188 USA.
RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM rme5g@virginia.edu; DBrinker@verizon.net; BDWatt@wm.edu;
Gary.Costanzo@dgif.virginia.gov; Dave.Morton@dgif.virginia.gov
FU Pittman Robertson Funds; Chesapeake Bay and Endangered Species Tax
Checkoff Fund
FX We thank the following field support personnel for their assistance with
Chesapeake Bay waterbird surveys over the years: in Maryland, J. S.
Weske, J. McCann, and many volunteers; in Virginia, M. A. Byrd, T.
Bidrowski, R. Boettcher, A. Duerr, B. Paxton, and A. Wilke. For
assistance with GIS analyses, we thank E. Laube, Virginia Department of
Game and Inland Fisheries, D. Richardson, University of Virginia, and in
Maryland, L. Hennessee and the Maryland Geological Survey's Shoreline
Change Program. A. Wickline and P. Willey from the Chesapeake Bay
Foundation provided comments on habitat changes on Great Fox Island.
Constructive comments on earlier drafts were received from J. McCann, M.
Haramis, R. White, and A. Wilke. N. Ketchner, at the UVA Scholars' Lab,
provided statistical assistance. Funding for waterbird surveys over the
years has been derived from many sources including Pittman Robertson
Funds, Chesapeake Bay and Endangered Species Tax Checkoff Fund, Maryland
Department of Natural Resources, Virginia Department of Game and Inland
Fisheries, and the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program.
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1400-0350
EI 1874-7841
J9 J COAST CONSERV
JI J. Coast. Conserv.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 1
BP 51
EP 60
DI 10.1007/s11852-010-0119-y
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater
Biology; Water Resources
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine &
Freshwater Biology; Water Resources
GA 748BB
UT WOS:000289363900005
ER
PT J
AU McKenna, JE
Chalupnicki, MA
AF McKenna, James E., Jr.
Chalupnicki, Marc A.
TI A heuristic simulation model of Lake Ontario circulation and mass
balance transport
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Great Lakes; plankton; freshwater mussels; physical model; invasive
species
ID NIAGARA RIVER; GREAT-LAKES; WINTER CIRCULATION; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS;
FLOW
AB The redistribution of suspended organisms and materials by large-scale currents is part of natural ecological processes in large aquatic systems but can contribute to ecosystem disruption when exotic elements are introduced into the system. Toxic compounds and planktonic organisms spend various lengths of time in suspension before settling to the bottom or otherwise being removed. We constructed a simple physical simulation model, including the influence of major tributaries, to qualitatively examine circulation patterns in Lake Ontario. We used a simple mass balance approach to estimate the relative water input to and export from each of 10 depth regime-specific compartments (nearshore vs. offshore) comprising Lake Ontario. Despite its simplicity, our model produced circulation patterns similar to those reported by more complex studies in the literature. A three-gyre pattern, with the classic large counterclockwise central lake circulation, and a simpler two-gyre system were both observed. These qualitative simulations indicate little offshore transport along the south shore, except near the mouths of the Niagara River and Oswego River. Complex flow structure was evident, particularly near the Niagara River mouth and in offshore waters of the eastern basin. Average Lake Ontario residence time is 8 years, but the fastest model pathway indicated potential transport of plankton through the lake in as little as 60 days. This simulation illustrates potential invasion pathways and provides rough estimates of planktonic larval dispersal or chemical transport among nearshore and offshore areas of Lake Ontario.
C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.; Chalupnicki, Marc A.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
EM jemckenna@usgs.gov
NR 28
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U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0270-5060
EI 2156-6941
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 1
BP 123
EP 132
DI 10.1080/02705060.2011.553928
PG 10
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 751DP
UT WOS:000289598000016
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, JH
Ross, RM
Dropkin, DS
Redell, LA
AF Johnson, James H.
Ross, Robert M.
Dropkin, David S.
Redell, Lori A.
TI Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis) in a headwater stream
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE brook trout; habitat; diel; headwaters
ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; STEELHEAD TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN
TROUT; BEHAVIOR; CLARKI; WINTER; IDAHO
AB Although considerable information exists on habitat use by stream salmonids, only a small portion has quantitatively examined diurnal and nocturnal habitat variation. We examined did variation in habitat use by age-0 and age-1+ brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during summer and autumn in a headwater stream in northern Pennsylvania. Habitat variables measured included cover, depth, substrate, and velocity. The most pronounced diel variation occurred in the use of cover during both seasons. Both age-0 brook trout and age-1+ trout were associated with less cover at night. Age-0 brook trout occupied swifter water during the day than at night during both seasons, but the difference was not significant. Increased cover, depth, and substrate size governed the habitat of age-1+ brook trout. Our findings support the need for a better understanding of did l differences in habitat use of stream salmonids when considering habitat enhancement and protection.
C1 [Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
[Ross, Robert M.; Dropkin, David S.; Redell, Lori A.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA.
RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
EM jhjohnson@usgs.gov
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PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 1
BP 143
EP 152
DI 10.1080/02705060.2011.553948
PG 10
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 751DP
UT WOS:000289598000018
ER
PT J
AU Mullen, JA
Bramblett, RG
Guy, CS
Zale, AV
Roberts, DW
AF Mullen, Jason A.
Bramblett, Robert G.
Guy, Christopher S.
Zale, Alexander V.
Roberts, David W.
TI Determinants of Fish Assemblage Structure in Northwestern Great Plains
Streams
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; PRAIRIE STREAM; ENVIRONMENTAL
GRADIENTS; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; TEXAS STREAM; RIVER;
COMMUNITIES; PERSISTENCE; HABITAT
AB Prairie streams are known for their harsh and stochastic physical conditions, and the fish assemblages therein have been shown to be temporally variable. We assessed the spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblage structure in five intermittent, adventitious northwestern Great Plains streams representing a gradient of watershed areas. Fish assemblages and abiotic conditions varied more spatially than temporally. The most important variables explaining fish assemblage structure were longitudinal position and the proportion of fine substrates. The proportion of fine substrates increased proceeding upstream, approaching 100% in all five streams, and species richness declined upstream with increasing fine substrates. High levels of fine substrate in the upper reaches appeared to limit the distribution of obligate lithophilic fish species to reaches further downstream. Species richness and substrates were similar among all five streams at the lowermost and uppermost sites. However, in the middle reaches, species richness increased, the amount of fine substrate decreased, and connectivity increased as watershed area increased. Season and some dimensions of habitat (including thalweg depth, absolute distance to the main-stem river, and watershed size) were not essential in explaining the variation in fish assemblages. Fish species richness varied more temporally than overall fish assemblage structure did because common species were consistently abundant across seasons, whereas rare species were sometimes absent or perhaps not detected by sampling. The similarity in our results among five streams varying in watershed size and those from other studies supports the generalization that spatial variation exceeds temporal variation in the fish assemblages of prairie and warmwater streams. Furthermore, given longitudinal position, substrate, and stream size, general predictions regarding fish assemblage structure and function in prairie streams are possible.
C1 [Bramblett, Robert G.; Guy, Christopher S.; Zale, Alexander V.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Bramblett, RG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM bbram@montana.edu
FU Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks
FX This work was made possible by funding from Montana Fish, Wildlife and
Parks. We thank Brian Bellgraph, Mike Boyce, Peter Brown, Ben Cox, Windy
Davis, Ross Epley, Jerick Graves, Cody Rettke, John Syslo, and Nick
Wormgoor for help with field sampling. Jim Johnson and Linda Phillips
provided assistance with GIS. Clayton Marlow, Adam Peterson, and four
anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved this manuscript.
This work would not have been possible without the cooperation of
numerous eastern Montana landowners who graciously allowed us to conduct
field work on their property. Any mention of trade names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S.
government.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 271
EP 281
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.564069
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 751PN
UT WOS:000289630100003
ER
PT J
AU Horton, GE
Letcher, BH
Kendall, WL
AF Horton, Gregg E.
Letcher, Benjamin H.
Kendall, William L.
TI A Multistate Capture-Recapture Modeling Strategy to Separate True
Survival from Permanent Emigration for a Passive Integrated Transponder
Tagged Population of Stream Fish
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; DWELLING ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION;
BROWN TROUT; INTERCOHORT COMPETITION; MARKED ANIMALS; UNIFIED APPROACH;
COLUMBIA RIVERS; RECOVERY DATA; HABITAT USE
AB Robust estimates of survival and movement are important for informing the recovery of fish populations as well as for the study of life history, behavior, and population ecology. We present a multistate capture-recapture model that allows separate and simultaneous estimation of true survival and fidelity to the study reach in the presence of imperfect recapture and detection probabilities. The key study design element that permitted this separation was the use of a multiple-antenna array to detect passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged individuals as they emigrated from the study area. The modeling approach incorporated live recapture data during discrete sampling occasions with observational data on antenna detections of tagged individuals as they exited the study area between sampling occasions. The multistate emigration model was applied to empirical data from a stream-dwelling, PIT-tagged cohort of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar for which emigration was continuously monitored by using a pair of stationary PIT tag antennas. The study design we outline presents a way to inform key management, recovery, and ecological questions. Our analysis showed how estimates of the joint probability of surviving and remaining faithful to the study reach (apparent survival) that were based solely on live recapture data (e. g., from the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model) masked the patterns that were revealed when true survival and emigration were separately estimated with the multistate emigration model. Use of the multistate model also allowed us to consider size dependence in survival and emigration in a straightforward way; the estimated size-dependent functions support hypotheses regarding the mechanisms leading to survival or emigration responses of Atlantic salmon and other stream-dwelling salmonids.
C1 [Horton, Gregg E.; Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
[Kendall, William L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Horton, GE (reprint author), Sonoma Cty Water Agcy, 404 Aviat Blvd, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA.
EM gregg.horton@scwa.ca.gov
FU Northeast Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service); U.S. Forest Service
Northern Experimental Research Station
FX We thank the West Brook sampling crew for assistance in collecting field
data, and we are grateful to Bob Duda for allowing access to operate and
maintain the PIT tag antenna array. We also thank the three anonymous
reviewers, who helped strengthen the paper. Funding was provided by a
grant through the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service) and
the U.S. Forest Service Northern Experimental Research Station.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 320
EP 333
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567861
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 751PN
UT WOS:000289630100007
ER
PT J
AU Ostberg, CO
Duda, JJ
Graham, JH
Zhang, S
Haywood, KP
Miller, B
Lerud, TL
AF Ostberg, C. O.
Duda, J. J.
Graham, J. H.
Zhang, S.
Haywood, K. P., III
Miller, B.
Lerud, T. L.
TI Growth, Morphology, and Developmental Instability of Rainbow Trout,
Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout, and Four Hybrid Generations
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKI CLARKI; FLUCTUATING
ASYMMETRY; GENETIC DETECTION; SNAKE RIVER; HYBRIDIZATION; MYKISS;
INTROGRESSION; STEELHEAD; POPULATIONS
AB Hybridization of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii with nonindigenous rainbow trout O. mykiss contributes to the decline of cutthroat trout subspecies throughout their native range. Introgression by rainbow trout can swamp the gene pools of cutthroat trout populations, especially if there is little selection against hybrids. We used rainbow trout, Yellowstone cutthroat trout O. clarkii bouvieri, and rainbow trout x Yellowstone cutthroat trout F-1 hybrids as parents to construct seven different line crosses: F-1 hybrids (both reciprocal crosses), F-2 hybrids, first-generation backcrosses (both rainbow trout and Yellowstone cutthroat trout), and both parental taxa. We compared growth, morphology, and developmental instability among these seven crosses reared at two different temperatures. Growth was related to the proportion of rainbow trout genome present within the crosses. Meristic traits were influenced by maternal, additive, dominant, overdominant, and (probably) epistatic genetic effects. Developmental stability, however, was not disturbed in F-1 hybrids, F-2 hybrids, or backcrosses. Backcrosses were morphologically similar to their recurrent parent. The lack of developmental instability in hybrids suggests that there are few genetic incompatibilities preventing introgression. Our findings suggest that hybrids are not equal: that is, growth, development, character traits, and morphology differ depending on the genomic contribution from each parental species as well as the hybrid generation.
C1 [Ostberg, C. O.; Duda, J. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Graham, J. H.; Zhang, S.; Haywood, K. P., III; Miller, B.] Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA.
[Lerud, T. L.] Univ Washington, Dept Stat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Ostberg, CO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM carl_ostberg@usgs.gov
RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009
OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX We thank Damon Keen and the staff at Henry's Lake Hatchery, Matt
Campbell of Idaho Fish and Game, and Brad Dredge and the staff at
Hayspur State Fish Hatchery for assistance and logistical support. S.
Rubin, M. Hayes, R. Reisenbichler, R. Rodriguez, J. Harvey, J. Emlen, M.
Hoy, G. Sanders, C. Chambers, J. Steinbacher, C. Galitsky, and A. Newman
assisted in PIT tagging and fish care. K. Orekoya, R. Bice, N. Menezes,
and J. Nutter (students at Berry College) helped with photographing and
digitizing the images. Cathy Chamberlin-Graham assisted with the
literature review. Paul Sampson and Shirley Ren provided key statistical
advice. The PIT tags were generously loaned by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers and H. Balbach. We thank G. Winans and O. Johnson and two
anonymous reviewers for providing comments that improved the manuscript.
Berry College provided release time for J. H. G.; all other funding was
provided by the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of trade names is for the
convenience of the reader and does not constitute an endorsement of
products over others that may be suitable.
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PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 334
EP 344
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567866
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 751PN
UT WOS:000289630100008
ER
PT J
AU Pribyl, AL
Kent, ML
Parker, SJ
Schreck, CB
AF Pribyl, Alena L.
Kent, Michael L.
Parker, Steven J.
Schreck, Carl B.
TI The Response to Forced Decompression in Six Species of Pacific Rockfish
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS BUBBLE DISEASE; SEBASTES-MELANOPS; CAPTURE DEPTH; BAROTRAUMA;
RELEASE; MOVEMENTS; NEARSHORE; CATCH
AB Pacific rockfish experience high discard mortality when captured owing to a condition called barotrauma, which is caused by the change in pressure during capture. This condition appears to be species specific at the macroscopic level; however, little is known about the microscopic tissue-level effects of barotrauma. Determining whether tissue-level injuries are also species specific or influenced by factors such as life history and phylogenetic relatedness can improve our management of discard mortality. We evaluated the responses of six species of Pacific rockfish (black rockfish Sebastes melanops, blue rockfish S. mystinus, yellowtail rockfish S. flavidus, quillback rockfish S. maliger, canary rockfish S. pinniger, and yelloweye rockfish S. ruberrimus) captured from varying depths to forced decompression at the histological level (heart ventricle, rete mirabile, head kidney, liver, gill, and eye) as well as the macroscopic level. At the macroscopic level we focused on injuries caused by barotrauma, namely, everted esophaguses, exophthalmia, ocular emphysema, and ruptured swim bladders. Yellowtail and quillback rockfish experienced the fewest macroscopic injuries. Depth of capture influenced the presence of exophthalmia in quillback rockfish and ocular emphysema in quillback and yelloweye rockfish. Tissue injuries as a result of forced decompression included emphysema in the heart ventricle, emboli in the vessels of the rete mirabile, and emboli in the vessels of the head kidney. No injuries were observed at the histological level in the liver, gill, or eye owing to barotrauma. We could not detect a difference in the tissue-level response to barotrauma among the six species, suggesting that all species are susceptible to high internal gas pressure during forced decompression.
C1 [Pribyl, Alena L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Parker, Steven J.] Oregon Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM alena.pribyl@noaa.gov
RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016
OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259
FU Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco); Oregon Department of Fish and
Wildlife (Newport); Oregon State University's Department of Fisheries
and Wildlife; Hatfield Marine Science Center
FX We thank the charter boats Misty, Miss Raven, Sampson, Tacklebuster, and
Ilwaco Indian for allowing us free passage to sample fish from their
boats. We also thank Cliff Pereira and John Vansickle for statistical
assistance and the reviewers for good suggestions. This research was
funded by the Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco), the Oregon
Department of Fish and Wildlife (Newport), the Mamie Markham Research
Award (Hatfield Marine Science Center), and Oregon State University's
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Publication costs were funded by
the Thomas G. Scott Grant through Oregon State University's Department
of Fisheries and Wildlife. Any use of trade names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
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SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 374
EP 383
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567858
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 751PN
UT WOS:000289630100012
ER
PT J
AU Al-Chokhachy, R
Roper, BB
Archer, EK
Miller, S
AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert
Roper, Brett B.
Archer, Eric K.
Miller, Scott
TI Quantifying the Extent of and Factors Associated with the Temporal
Variability of Physical Stream Habitat in Headwater Streams in the
Interior Columbia River Basin
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LAND-USE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS;
COASTAL STREAMS; REGIONAL TRENDS; TIMBER HARVEST; COHO SALMON; FOREST;
RIPARIAN
AB The quality and quantity of stream habitat can have profound impacts on the distribution and abundance of aquatic species. Stream networks, however, are dynamic in their response to natural-and human-induced disturbance regimes, which results in spatially explicit patterns of temporal variability. Quantifying spatial patterns in habitat (temporal) variability across different sites and identifying those factors associated with different levels of variability are important steps for stream habitat assessments. We evaluated the temporal variability in stream habitat over a 9-year period for 47headwater streams of the interior Columbia River basin. We used repeat-measures analyses to calculate temporal variability as root mean square error for six habitat attributes at each site. Multiple linear regression analyses with root mean square error as the response were then used to quantify which landscape, climate, and disturbance attributes were associated with different levels of temporal variability among habitat attributes. Our results indicated a considerable range of temporal variability in physical stream attributes across sites and an almost fourfold difference in the overall variability at sites. Landscape factors affecting stream power, land management activities, and recent fire regimes were all factors associated with the different levels of temporal variability across sites; surprisingly, we found little association with the different climatic attributes considered herein. The observed differences in temporal variability across sites suggest that a "one-size-fits-all" approach to monitoring stream habitat in response to restoration and management activities may be misleading, particularly in terms of sampling intensity, required resources, and statistical power; thus, in situ measures of temporal variability may be required for accurate assessments of statistical power.
C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Roper, Brett B.; Archer, Eric K.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA.
[Miller, Scott] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Natl Aquat Monitoring Ctr, Bur Land Management, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov
RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010; Miller, Scott/H-6548-2011
FU USFS; Oregon-Washington office of the BLM; Idaho office of the BLM
FX We would like to thank the many summer field technicians who collected
the data for these analyses; we also thank Jeremiah Heitke (USFS), Ryan
Leary (USFS), and Tim Romano (USFS) for logistical support and technical
guidance. We are grateful to Phil Larsen (Pacific States Marine
Fisheries Commission and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency) for
providing insight and to three anonymous reviewers for their comments on
previous drafts of this manuscript. Regions 1, 4, and 6 of the USFS and
the Oregon-Washington and Idaho offices of the BLM provided funding for
this project. We received statistical guidance from USFS Rocky Mountain
Research Station statistician Dave Turner.
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PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 399
EP 414
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567865
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 751PN
UT WOS:000289630100014
ER
PT J
AU Coggins, LG
Yard, MD
Pine, WE
AF Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.
Yard, Michael D.
Pine, William E., III
TI Nonnative Fish Control in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona:
An Effective Program or Serendipitous Timing?
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID INTRODUCED APEX PREDATOR; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; RAINBOW-TROUT; HABITAT
USE; REMOVAL; RECOVERY; POPULATION; SALMONIDS; ABUNDANCE; STREAM
AB The federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha in the Colorado River within Grand Canyon is currently the focus of a multiyear program of ecosystem-level experimentation designed to improve native fish survival and promote population recovery as part of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. A key element of this experiment was a 4-year effort to remove nonnative fishes from critical humpback chub habitat, thereby reducing potentially negative interactions between native and nonnative fishes. Over 36,500 fish from 15 species were captured in the mechanical removal reach during 2003-2006. The majority (64%) of the catch consisted of nonnative fish, including rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (19,020), fathead minnow Pimephales promelas (2,569), common carp Cyprinus carpio (802), and brown trout Salmo trutta (479). Native fish (13,268) constituted 36% of the total catch and included flannelmouth suckers Catostomus latipinnis (7,347), humpback chub (2,606), bluehead suckers Catostomus discobolus (2,243), and speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus (1,072). The contribution of rainbow trout to the overall species composition fell steadily throughout the study period from a high of approximately 90% in January 2003 to less than 10% in August 2006. Overall, the catch of nonnative fish exceeded 95% in January 2003 and fell to less than 50% after July 2005. Our results suggest that removal efforts were successful in rapidly shifting the fish community from one dominated numerically by nonnative species to one dominated by native species. Additionally, increases in juvenile native fish abundance within the removal reach suggest that removal efforts may have promoted greater survival and recruitment. However, drought-induced increases in river water temperature and a systemwide decrease in rainbow trout abundance concurrent with our experiment made it difficult to determine the cause of the apparent increase in juvenile native fish survival and recruitment. Experimental efforts continue and may be able to distinguish among these factors and to better inform future management actions.
C1 [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.; Yard, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Pine, William E., III] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Coggins, LG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, 698 Conservation Way, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA.
EM lewis_coggins@fws.gov
FU GCDAMP
FX We would like to acknowledge the GCDAMP for supporting this work. We
thank the many dedicated Grand Canyon boatmen, technicians, and
biologists that assisted with data collection and processing. Robert
Dorazio helped with preliminary analyses and WinBUGS programming. Mike
Allen, Carl Walters, Christie Staudhammer, Dan Gwinn, Robert Dorazio,
Andrew Royle, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that
substantially improved this manuscript. Use of product or trade names
does not constitute U.S. Geological Survey endorsement of any product.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 456
EP 470
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.572009
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 751PN
UT WOS:000289630100018
ER
PT J
AU Yard, MD
Coggins, LG
Baxter, CV
Bennett, GE
Korman, J
AF Yard, Michael D.
Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.
Baxter, Colden V.
Bennett, Glenn E.
Korman, Josh
TI Trout Piscivory in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon: Effects of
Turbidity, Temperature, and Fish Prey Availability
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAINBOW-TROUT; HUMPBACK CHUB; BROWN TROUT; INTRODUCED SALMONIDS;
ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; REACTIVE DISTANCE; NONNATIVE FISHES; NATIVE FISHES;
PREDATION; GROWTH
AB Introductions of nonnative salmonids, such as rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta, have affected native fishes worldwide in unforeseen and undesirable ways. Predation and other interactions with nonnative rainbow trout and brown trout have been hypothesized as contributing to the decline of native fishes (including the endangered humpback chub Gila cypha) in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon. A multiyear study was conducted to remove nonnative fish from a 15-km segment of the Colorado River near the Little Colorado River confluence. We evaluated how sediment, temperature, fish prey availability, and predator abundance influenced the incidence of piscivory (IP) by nonnative salmonids. Study objectives were addressed through spatial (upstream and downstream of the Little Colorado River confluence) and temporal (seasonal and annual) comparisons of prey availability and predator abundance. Data were then evaluated by modeling the quantity of fish prey ingested by trout during the first 2 years (2003-2004) of the mechanical removal period. Field effort resulted in the capture of 20,000 nonnative fish, of which 90% were salmonids. Results indicated that the brown trout IP was higher (8-70%) than the rainbow trout IP (0.5-3.3%); however, rainbow trout were 50 times more abundant than brown trout in the study area. We estimated that during the study period, over 30,000 fish (native and nonnative species combined) were consumed by rainbow trout (21,641 fish) and brown trout (11,797 fish). On average, rainbow trout and brown trout ingested 85% more native fish than nonnative fish in spite of the fact that native fish constituted less than 30% of the small fish available in the study area. Turbidity may mediate piscivory directly by reducing prey detection, but this effect was not apparent in our data, as rainbow trout IP was greater when suspended sediment levels (range = 5.9-20,000 mg/L) were higher.
C1 [Yard, Michael D.; Baxter, Colden V.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
[Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.; Bennett, Glenn E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Korman, Josh] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada.
[Korman, Josh] Ecometr Res Inc, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada.
RP Yard, MD (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Room 310,Gale Life Sci Bldg, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
EM myard@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand
Canyon Monitoring and Research Center
FX Funding for this research was provided by the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive
Management Program through the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest
Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center.
Y. Bernstein, C. Giauque, D. Martinez, and E. Thompson were instrumental
in the collection and processing of field and laboratory data. We thank
the electrofishing operators B. Berger, B. Dierker, S. Jones, S. Perry,
S. Reider, and P. Weiss for their expertise and commitment to this
project. Thanks are also extended to M. Andersen, C. Fritzinger, E.
Yard, T. Gushue, T. Kennedy, D. Logan, L. Roeder, E. Tiejen, T. Tiejen,
and K. Vanamen for their assistance on this project and to G. Larkin, B.
Pine, L. Schmit, B. van Poorten, D. Ward, and two anonymous reviewers
for their constructive criticism on an earlier version of the
manuscript. Use of brand and firm names is for descriptive purposes only
and does not constitute endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 471
EP 486
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.572011
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 751PN
UT WOS:000289630100019
ER
PT J
AU Korman, J
Kaplinski, M
Melis, TS
AF Korman, Josh
Kaplinski, Matthew
Melis, Theodore S.
TI Effects of Fluctuating Flows and a Controlled Flood on Incubation
Success and Early Survival Rates and Growth of Age-0 Rainbow Trout in a
Large Regulated River
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; SWISS-NATIONAL-PARK; GLEN CANYON DAM; BROWN
TROUT; COLORADO RIVER; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; NORTHERN ANCHOVY;
NEW-BRUNSWICK; GRAND-CANYON; DENSITY
AB Hourly fluctuations in flow from Glen Canyon Dam were increased in an attempt to limit the population of nonnative rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Colorado River, Arizona, due to concerns about negative effects of nonnative trout on endangered native fishes. Controlled floods have also been conducted to enhance native fish habitat. We estimated that rainbow trout incubation mortality rates resulting from greater fluctuations in flow were 23-49% (2003 and 2004) compared with 5-11% under normal flow fluctuations (2006-2010). Effects of this mortality were apparent in redd excavations but were not seen in hatch date distributions or in the abundance of the age-0 population. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that a controlled flood in March 2008, which was intended to enhance native fish habitat, resulted in a large increase in early survival rates of age-0 rainbow trout. Age-0 abundance in July 2008 was over fourfold higher than expected given the number of viable eggs that produced these fish. A hatch date analysis indicated that early survival rates were much higher for cohorts that hatched about 1 month after the controlled flood (similar to April 15) relative to those that hatched before this date. The cohorts that were fertilized after the flood were not exposed to high flows and emerged into better-quality habitat with elevated food availability. Interannual differences in age-0 rainbow trout growth based on otolith microstructure supported this hypothesis. It is likely that strong compensation in survival rates shortly after emergence mitigated the impact of incubation losses caused by increases in flow fluctuations. Control of nonnative fish populations will be most effective when additional mortality is applied to older life stages after the majority of density-dependent mortality has occurred. Our study highlights the need to rigorously assess instream flow decisions through the evaluation of population-level responses.
C1 [Korman, Josh] Ecometr Res Inc, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada.
[Korman, Josh] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada.
[Kaplinski, Matthew] Univ Arizona, Geol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Melis, Theodore S.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Korman, J (reprint author), Ecometr Res Inc, 3560 W 22nd Ave, Vancouver, BC V6S 1J3, Canada.
EM jkorman@ecometric.com
FU U.S. Geological Survey through the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research
Center
FX The U.S. Geological Survey funded this research through the Grand Canyon
Monitoring and Research Center. We thank Mike Yard and Lew Coggins for
developing the initial ideas for this project. We are grateful to Carl
Walters, Steve Martell, Mike Bradford, and Eric Parkinson for providing
helpful comments and suggestions on study design, modeling approaches,
and interpretation of results. Thanks are extended to Mike Yard, Barbara
Ralston, and Carol Fritzinger for field and administrative support. We
appreciate Dave Foster, Steve Jones, Steward Reeder, Lew Coggins, Jeff
Sneep, Steve Hall, Robert Ahrens, Brian Dierker, Peter Weiss, Scott
Decker, Gene Tisdale, Tom Nevin, Chris Magirl, Elizabeth Yard, and Andy
Makinster for participating in the field work. We thank Joe Hazel for
survey support; Tom Gushue for geographical information systems support;
and Steven Campana, Drew Dutterer, Bill Pine, Linda Marks, Tania
Davignon-Burton, and Jenna Denyes for analysis of otolith
microstructure. We also thank the four anonymous reviewers who provided
helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 487
EP 505
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.572015
PG 19
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 751PN
UT WOS:000289630100020
ER
PT J
AU Ardren, WR
DeHaan, PW
Smith, CT
Taylor, EB
Leary, R
Kozfkay, CC
Godfrey, L
Diggs, M
Fredenberg, W
Chan, J
Kilpatrick, CW
Small, MP
Hawkins, DK
AF Ardren, William R.
DeHaan, Patrick W.
Smith, Christian T.
Taylor, Eric B.
Leary, Robb
Kozfkay, Christine C.
Godfrey, Lindsay
Diggs, Matthew
Fredenberg, Wade
Chan, Jeffrey
Kilpatrick, C. William
Small, Maureen P.
Hawkins, Denise K.
TI Genetic Structure, Evolutionary History, and Conservation Units of Bull
Trout in the Coterminous United States
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; NORTHWESTERN
NORTH-AMERICA; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; LIFE-HISTORY;
LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; RIVER SYSTEM; RANGE; SCALE
AB The bull trout Salvelinus confluentus is a broadly distributed char in northwestern North America that has undergone significant population declines. This species is currently protected under the Endangered Species Act across its range in the coterminous United States. To clarify patterns of phylogenetic structure and to assist with identification of conservation units, we examined genetic variation within and among 75 representative bull trout populations sampled throughout the USA. Genealogies from a 520-base-pair portion of the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 1 gene (ND-1) revealed reciprocal monophyly between coastal and interior lineages that differed by 1.34% in DNA sequence. The geographic distribution of the two lineages was divided by the Cascade Mountains, a pattern that likely reflects postglacial dispersal from separate glacial refugia. Analysis of microsatellite variation revealed that 76% of populations had an estimated effective population size less than 50 and indicated high divergence among populations caused by genetic drift (average genetic differentiation index F-ST = 0.32) and mutation (average genetic differentiation index R-ST = 0.58). Concordant phylogeographic and phylogenetic patterns observed with microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses provided evidence for two to six bull trout lineages that largely reflect historic patterns of gene flow and isolation among populations. These lineages can be further subdivided into finer-scale units due to the extremely low dispersal among populations and small effective population sizes. In fact, Bayesian analysis of population structure identified an optimal solution of 69 genetically different groups. Based on these results, we believe that conservation efforts should ideally be focused on the 118 bull trout core areas originally identified in the draft Endangered Species Act recovery plan, which are broadly defined as metapopulations. We provide examples of how other data, such as unique life history forms and ecological setting, can be used in combination with our genetic results to refine the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's hierarchical conservation strategy for bull trout.
C1 [Ardren, William R.; DeHaan, Patrick W.; Smith, Christian T.; Godfrey, Lindsay; Diggs, Matthew; Hawkins, Denise K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Program, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
[Taylor, Eric B.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 124, Canada.
[Small, Maureen P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[Fredenberg, Wade] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Creston Fish & Wildlife Ctr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA.
[Kozfkay, Christine C.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Eagle, ID 83616 USA.
[Leary, Robb] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Kilpatrick, C. William] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
[Chan, Jeffrey] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA.
RP Ardren, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western New England Complex,11 Lincoln St, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA.
EM william_ardren@fws.gov
FU USFWS (Abernathy Fish Technology Center); Upper Columbia River office;
USFWS; Snake River office
FX This paper is dedicated to the large group of tribal, state, federal,
university, and other biologists who collected genetic samples used in
this study. Emily Williams at the Abernathy Fish Technology Center
assisted with development of rapid and accurate microsatellite
genotyping methods for bull trout that resulted in this excellent data
set. Eric Hoffman, Charles Criscione, and Ken Warheit assisted with data
analysis. Jukka Corander kindly provided assistance with BAPS. Doug
Markle, Tim Whitesel, Howard Schaller, Judith Gordon, Patricia Crandell,
Ted Koch, Dave Tilton, Alan Taylor, an anonymous reviewer, and the
associate editor, Kerry Naish, provided comments that improved this
paper. Frank Pendleton kindly generated the map in Figure 1 from data
provided by Michael Kellett, Doug Peterson, and David Hines. We also
thank Ted Koch, USFWS bull trout recovery coordinator, for supporting
this project and providing details concerning bull trout conservation
status. The USFWS Fishery Resources Program (Abernathy Fish Technology
Center) and Ecological Services Program (Upper Columbia River and Snake
River offices) funded this work. The findings and conclusions in the
article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the
views of the USFWS.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 506
EP 525
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.567875
PG 20
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 751PN
UT WOS:000289630100021
ER
PT J
AU Wu, HA
Zhang, YH
Chen, XY
Lu, Z
Du, J
Sun, ZH
Sun, GT
AF Wu Hong-An
Zhang Yong-Hong
Chen Xiao-Yong
Lu Zhong
Du Jie
Sun Zhong-Hui
Sun Guang-Tong
TI Ground deformation monitoring using small baseline DInSAR technique: A
case study in Taiyuan City from 2003 to 2009
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION
LA Chinese
DT Article
DE Differential interferometric SAR (DInSAR); Small baseline; Ground
deformation; Taiyuan
ID PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DEFORMATION;
ALGORITHM; AREAS; MAPS
AB DInSAR technique based on time series of SAR images has been very popular to monitor ground slow deformation in recent years, such as permanent scatterers (PS) method, small baseline subsets (SBAS) method, and coherent targets (CT) method. By taking advantage of PS method and CT method, in this paper, small baseline DInSAR technique is used to investigate the ground deformation of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, from 2003 to 2009 by using 23 ENVISAT ASAR images. The experiment results demonstrate that: (1) during this period, four significant subsidence centers have been developed in Taiyuan, namely Xiayuan, Wujiabu, Xiaodian, Sunjiazhai. The largest subsidence center is Sunjiazhai with an average subsidence rate of -77.28 mm/a; (2) The subsidence of the old center, Wanbolin, has slowed down. And the subsidence in the northern region has stopped and some areas even rebounded. (3) The change of subsidence centers indicates that the control measures of "closing wells and reducing exploitation" taken by the Taiyuan government has achieved initial effects. (4) The experiment results have been validated with leveling data and the accuracy is 2. 90 mm, which shows that the small baseline DInSAR technique can be used to monitor urban ground deformation.
C1 [Wu Hong-An; Zhang Yong-Hong; Sun Guang-Tong] Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping, Key Lab Mapping Space, State Bur Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100830, Peoples R China.
[Chen Xiao-Yong] E China Inst Technol, Sch Geosci & Surveying & Mapping, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.
[Lu Zhong] US Geol Survey, Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Du Jie; Sun Zhong-Hui] Taiyuan Water Resources Bur, Taiyuan 030002, Peoples R China.
RP Wu, HA (reprint author), Chinese Acad Surveying & Mapping, Key Lab Mapping Space, State Bur Surveying & Mapping, Beijing 100830, Peoples R China.
EM wha_105@yahoo.com.cn
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PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0001-5733
J9 CHINESE J GEOPHYS-CH
JI Chinese J. Geophys.-Chinese Ed.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 54
IS 3
BP 673
EP 680
DI 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.03.006
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 743TI
UT WOS:000289041200006
ER
PT J
AU Esler, D
Ballachey, BE
Trust, KA
Iverson, SA
Reed, JA
Miles, AK
Henderson, JD
Woodin, BR
Stegeman, JJ
McAdie, M
Mulcahy, DM
Wilson, BW
AF Esler, Daniel
Ballachey, Brenda E.
Trust, Kimberly A.
Iverson, Samuel A.
Reed, John A.
Miles, A. Keith
Henderson, John D.
Woodin, Bruce R.
Stegeman, John J.
McAdie, Malcolm
Mulcahy, Daniel M.
Wilson, Barry W.
TI Cytochrome P4501A biomarker indication of the timeline of chronic
exposure of Barrow's goldeneyes to residual Exxon Valdez oil
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Bucephala islandica; CYP1A; Exposure; Exxon Valdez; Oil
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; DEETHYLASE EROD ACTIVITY; DAB LIMANDA-LIMANDA;
HARLEQUIN DUCKS; WINTER SURVIVAL; 1A INDUCTION; CRUDE-OIL; SPILL; SEA;
RECOVERY
AB We examined hepatic EROD activity, as an indicator of CYP1A induction, in Barrow's goldeneyes captured in areas oiled during the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill and those from nearby unoiled areas. We found that average EROD activity differed between areas during 2005, although the magnitude of the difference was reduced relative to a previous study from 1996/1997, and we found that areas did not differ by 2009. Similarly, we found that the proportion of individuals captured from oiled areas with elevated EROD activity (>= 2 times unoiled average) declined from 41% in winter 1996/1997 to 10% in 2005 and 15% in 2009. This work adds to a body of literature describing the timelines over which vertebrates were exposed to residual Exxon Valdez oil and indicates that, for Barrow's goldeneyes in Prince William Sound, exposure persisted for many years with evidence of substantially reduced exposure by 2 decades after the spill. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Esler, Daniel; Iverson, Samuel A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada.
[Ballachey, Brenda E.; Reed, John A.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Trust, Kimberly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Woodin, Bruce R.; Stegeman, John J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Esler, D (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 5421 Robertson Rd, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada.
EM desler@sfu.ca
FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council
FX This research was supported primarily by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Trustee Council. However, the findings and conclusions do not
necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. Any
use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
represent endorsement by the US government. Procedures described in this
manuscript were approved by the Simon Fraser University Animal Care
Committee. We thank those who helped with field work, under frequently
difficult winter conditions, including: A. Birmingham, T. Bowman, S.
Davis, T. Donnelly, M. Maftei, D. Rizzolo, N. Slosser, B. Uher-Koch, and
K. Wright. Dr. D. Heard provided additional veterinary expertise during
field work. We thank D. Rand and his crew of the motor vessel Discovery
for safe and comfortable passage. We also appreciate the institutional
support provided by D. Derksen, D. Bohn, R. Ydenberg, M. Court, C.
Smith, I. Semple, and the Pacific Wildlife Foundation.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 3
BP 609
EP 614
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.11.015
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 742WZ
UT WOS:000288977300029
PM 21131011
ER
PT J
AU Bowker, J
Trushenski, J
AF Bowker, Jim
Trushenski, Jesse
TI Guest Director's Line: AFS Policy Statement Regarding the Need for an
Immediate-Release Anesthetic/Sedative for Use in the Fisheries
Disciplines
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
AB Availability of safe and effective fish sedatives or anesthetics is crucial to fisheries research, management, and culture activities. If fish are sedated prior to handling, the risk to both fish and handler is minimized. Currently, there is no ideal compound that can be legally used on fish without adhering to a lengthy withdrawal period. The absence of a suitable immediate-release sedative jeopardizes fish, fisheries, fish culture, and research, posing a risk to aquatic resources as well as those handling fish. A document, oAFS Policy Statement on the Need for an Immediate-Release Anesthetic/ Sedative for Use in the Fisheries Disciplines,o has been drafted to (1) describe the impediments preventing fisheries professionals from having access to a suitable immediate-release sedative; (2) characterize the constraints that this issue places on aquatic natural resources management, fisheries research, and the private aquaculture industry; and (3) recommend a course of action to facilitate the timely approval of such a sedative, which will minimize risk to fish, fisheries professionals, the general public, and the environment.
C1 [Bowker, Jim] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Trushenski, Jesse] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
RP Bowker, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Aquat Anim Drug Approval Partnership Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM saluski@siu.edu
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PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 3
BP 132
EP 135
AR PII 935792204
PG 4
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 742OE
UT WOS:000288953100005
ER
PT J
AU Manning, AH
AF Manning, Andrew H.
TI Mountain-block recharge, present and past, in the eastern Espanola
Basin, New Mexico, USA
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Groundwater recharge; Groundwater age; Noble gases; Recharge
temperature; USA
ID GROUND-WATER RECHARGE; SAN-JUAN BASIN; NOBLE-GASES; HYDROGEOCHEMICAL
EVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL ISOTOPE; UNSATURATED ZONE; EXCESS AIR; FLOW;
AQUIFER; PALEOTEMPERATURE
AB Noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) and radiocarbon ages were determined for 43 groundwater samples collected in the eastern Espa ola Basin, New Mexico (USA), to identify mountain-block recharge in waters <10 thousand years (ka) old and to evaluate possible changes in mountain-block recharge over the past similar to 35ka. For Holocene samples from the southeastern area, NGTs are dominantly 2-4 degrees cooler than the measured water-table temperature near the mountain front. Computed minimum mountain-block recharge fractions are dominantly 0.2-0.5, consistent with previous large mountain-block recharge estimates. NGTs do not display the distinct low during the last glacial maximum observed in other paleorecharge studies; samples recharged 15-25ka ago are on average only 1.3 degrees cooler than Holocene samples. Instead, samples with the coldest NGTs were recharged 25-35ka ago. A proposed explanation is that higher precipitation rates during the last glacial maximum resulted in a lower mean recharge elevation for the basin, essentially buffering the effect of the lower mean annual air temperature and producing NGTs similar to the Holocene. In the period preceding the last glacial maximum, precipitation rates more like today's resulted in Holocene-like mountain-block recharge fractions, producing a mean NGT similar to 5 degrees cooler than the Holocene, as expected.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Manning, AH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM amanning@usgs.gov
OI Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; City of Santa Fe; US Geological Survey
FX This study was funded by Los Alamos National Laboratory, the City of
Santa Fe, and the US Geological Survey's Rio Grande Basin Project. Major
logistical assistance was also provided by the New Mexico Environment
Department and the US Geological Survey's New Mexico Water Science
Center.
NR 70
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U1 0
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 2
BP 379
EP 397
DI 10.1007/s10040-010-0696-8
PG 19
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 743FZ
UT WOS:000289004400010
ER
PT J
AU McCormick, SD
Regish, AM
Chadwick, JG
Christensen, AK
AF McCormick, S. D.
Regish, A. M.
Chadwick, J. G.
Christensen, A. K.
TI Hormonal control and developmental changes in the salinity-dependent
isoforms of the branchial sodium pump of Atlantic salmon.
SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology
CY JAN 03-07, 2011
CL Salt Lake City, UT
SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol
C1 [McCormick, S. D.; Regish, A. M.; Chadwick, J. G.; Christensen, A. K.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Reston, VA USA.
EM mccormick@umext.umass.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1540-7063
J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL
JI Integr. Comp. Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 51
SU 1
BP E89
EP E89
PG 1
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 733QP
UT WOS:000288278101046
ER
PT J
AU Lindner, DL
Gargas, A
Lorch, JM
Banik, MT
Glaeser, J
Kunz, TH
Blehert, DS
AF Lindner, Daniel L.
Gargas, Andrea
Lorch, Jeffrey M.
Banik, Mark T.
Glaeser, Jessie
Kunz, Thomas H.
Blehert, David S.
TI DNA-based detection of the fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans in soils
from bat hibernacula
SO MYCOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE disease surveillance; environmental sampling; skin infection; wildlife
disease
ID WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME; RDNA
AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease causing unprecedented morbidity and mortality among bats in eastern North America. The disease is characterized by cutaneous infection of hibernating bats by the psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans. Detection of G. destructans in environments occupied by bats will be critical for WNS surveillance, management and characterization of the fungal lifecycle. We initiated an rRNA gene region-based molecular survey to characterize the distribution of G. destructans in soil samples collected from bat hibernacula in the eastern United States with an existing PCR test. Although this test did not specifically detect G. destructans in soil samples based on a presence/absence metric, it did favor amplification of DNA from putative Geomyces species. Cloning and sequencing of PCR products amplified from 24 soil samples revealed 74 unique sequence variants representing 12 clades. Clones with exact sequence matches to G. destructans were identified in three of 19 soil samples from hibernacula in states where INNS is known to occur. Geomyces destructans was not identified in an additional five samples collected outside the region where WNS has been documented. This study highlights the diversity of putative Geomyces spp. in soil from bat hibernacula and indicates that further research is needed to better define the taxonomy of this genus and to develop enhanced diagnostic tests for rapid and specific detection of G. destructans in environmental samples.
C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Lindner, Daniel L.; Banik, Mark T.; Glaeser, Jessie] Ctr Forest Mycol Res, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Madison, WI 53726 USA.
[Gargas, Andrea] Symbiology LLC, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
[Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Med Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM dblehert@usgs.gov
RI Gargas, Andrea/T-1028-2016;
OI Gargas, Andrea/0000-0002-6586-047X; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252
FU National Speleological Society; US Fish and Wildlife Service
[501819H057]
FX The authors thank Peter Youngbaer (NSS), Mike Warner (Speleobooks Inc.)
and Alan Hicks (NY DEC) for their assistance in coordinating collection
of samples and the many individuals who volunteered to collect samples
for this project. We thank Kyah Norton (CFMR) for her assistance with
PCR, cloning and sequencing of DNA and are indebted to Paul Cryan
(USGS-FORT) for helpful suggestions during the preparation of this
manuscript and for his assistance in creating FIG. 1. We also thank Le
Ann White (USGS-NWHC) and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful
comments on this manuscript. Financial support for this project was
provided to DSB and THK by the National Speleological Society and to DSB
by US Fish and Wildlife Service intergovernmental agreement 501819H057.
Use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the US government.
NR 18
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U1 0
U2 25
PU ALLEN PRESS INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0027-5514
J9 MYCOLOGIA
JI Mycologia
PD MAR-APR
PY 2011
VL 103
IS 2
BP 241
EP 246
DI 10.3852/10-262
PG 6
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA 741TK
UT WOS:000288887400001
PM 20952799
ER
PT J
AU Muhs, DR
Simmons, KR
Schumann, RR
Halley, RB
AF Muhs, Daniel R.
Simmons, Kathleen R.
Schumann, R. Randall
Halley, Robert B.
TI Sea-level history of the past two interglacial periods: new evidence
from U-series dating of reef corals from south Florida
SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sea-level history; Last Interglacial period; Florida; Uranium-series
dating; Corals
ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; KEY LARGO LIMESTONE; PLEISTOCENE CORALS;
WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MIAMI LIMESTONE; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
NORTH-AMERICA; INDIAN-OCEAN; AGES
AB As a future warm-climate analog, much attention has been directed to studies of the Last Interglacial period or marine isotope substage (MIS) 5.5, which occurred similar to 120,000 years ago. Nevertheless, there are still uncertainties with respect to its duration, warmth and magnitude of sea-level rise. Here we present new data from tectonically stable peninsular Florida and the Florida Keys that provide estimates of the timing and magnitude of sea-level rise during the last Interglacial period. The last Interglacial high sea stand in south Florida is recorded by the Key Largo Limestone, a fossil reef complex, and the Miami Limestone, an oolitic marine sediment. Thirty-five new, high-precision, uranium-series ages of fossil corals from the Key Largo Limestone indicate that sea level was significantly above present for at least 9000 years during the Last Interglacial period, and possibly longer. Ooids from the Miami Limestone show open-system histories with respect to U-series dating, but show a clear linear trend toward an age of similar to 120 ka, correlating this unit with the Last Interglacial corals of the Key Largo Limestone. Older fossil reefs at three localities in the Florida Keys have ages of similar to 200 ka and probably correlate to MIS 7. These reefs imply sea level near or slightly above present during the penultimate interglacial period. Elevation measurements of both the Key largo Limestone and the Miami Limestone indicate that local (relative) sea level was at least 6.6 m, and possibly as much as 8.3 m higher than present during the Last Interglacial period. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Muhs, Daniel R.; Simmons, Kathleen R.; Schumann, R. Randall] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Halley, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Cedaredge, CO 81413 USA.
RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM dmuhs@usgs.gov
OI Schumann, Randall/0000-0001-8158-6960
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This study was supported by the Climate and Land Use Change Program of
the U.S. Geological Survey and is a contribution to the "Impacts of
Climate Change on Coastal and Eolian Landscapes" Project. Ken Ludwig
(Berkeley Geochronology Center) provided helpful ideas in the early
stages of the project. We thank Gary Skipp (USGS), who X-rayed the
corals for aragonite purity. David Lea (UCSB) and Eelco Rohling
(Southampton) kindly provided data for their sea level curves. Barbara
Lidz (USGS) and Gene Shinn (USGS, retired) and two anonymous QSR
reviewers kindly read an earlier version of the manuscript and made
helpful comments, which we appreciate.
NR 110
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0277-3791
J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV
JI Quat. Sci. Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 5-6
BP 570
EP 590
DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.12.019
PG 21
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 741CF
UT WOS:000288840000006
ER
PT J
AU Minyard, ML
Bruns, MA
Martinez, CE
Liermann, LJ
Buss, HL
Brantley, SL
AF Minyard, Morgan L.
Bruns, Mary Ann
Martinez, Carmen E.
Liermann, Laura J.
Buss, Heather L.
Brantley, Susan L.
TI Halloysite Nanotubes and Bacteria at the Saprolite-Bedrock Interface,
Rio Icacos Watershed, Puerto Rico
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; THEORETICAL PREDICTION;
WEATHERING PROFILE; SILICATE SURFACES; QUARTZ DIORITE; CLAY-MINERALS;
SOIL; KAOLINITE; BIOTITE
AB Quartz diorite bedrock underlying the Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico undergoes weathering at one of the fastest documented rates for granitic rocks in the world. Although tropical temperatures and precipitation promote rapid weathering in this location, increased bacterial densities in the regolith immediately above the bedrock suggest that microorganisms contribute to mineral weathering as well. Deep saprolite and saprock samples were obtained at the bedrock interface in an upland location (Guaba Ridge) in the Rio Icacos watershed for examination by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). In ESEM images, mineral nanotubes were observed to occur frequently in association with coccus- and rod-shaped structures resembling bacteria. These nanotubes (50-140-nm width and 150-2700-nm length) were identified as halloysite using transmission electron microscopy. Observations of multiple nanotubes on the surfaces of an individual cell are consistent with the cell's exterior functional groups interacting with Si in pore water to facilitate halloysite nucleation. We propose that one mechanism by which bacteria contribute to the rapid weathering of quartz diorite minerals in this regolith is by lowering the free energy for secondary mineral formation. The presence of bacterial surfaces may result in more rapid removal of Si from solution, thereby increasing the dissolution rates of primary minerals.
C1 [Minyard, Morgan L.; Bruns, Mary Ann; Martinez, Carmen E.] Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Liermann, Laura J.; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Dep Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Buss, Heather L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Bruns, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM mvb10@psu.edu
RI Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013
FU DOE [DE-FG02-05ER15675]; Penn State Biogeochemical Research Initiative
for Education (BRIE, NSF-IGERT) [DGE-9972759]; DoD
FX We thank J. Williams for field support, J. Cantolina and M. Angelone for
assistance with the ESEM, J. Kulik for help with TEM, N. Wonderling for
assistance with XRD, and S. Komarneni and J. Kubicki for advice. Work
was funded in part by DOE Grant DE-FG02-05ER15675, with some logistical
support contributed by the NSF-supported Luquillo Critical Zone
Observatory (EAR 0722476). M.L. Minyard acknowledges fellowship support
from the Penn State Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education
(BRIE, NSF-IGERT Grant DGE-9972759) and the DoD Science Mathematics and
Research for Transformation (SMART) Program.
NR 46
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U1 1
U2 18
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 2
BP 348
EP 356
DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0126nps
PG 9
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 740XF
UT WOS:000288827000003
ER
PT J
AU Noe, GB
AF Noe, Gregory B.
TI Measurement of Net Nitrogen and Phosphorus Mineralization in Wetland
Soils Using a Modification of the Resin-Core Technique
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; SEDIMENT DEPOSITION;
ISOTOPE-DILUTION; SURFACE-WATER; RETENTION; ACCUMULATION; FLOODPLAINS;
USA; RELEASE
AB A modification of the resin-core method was developed and tested for measuring in situ soil N and P net mineralization rates in wetland soils where temporal variation in bidirectional vertical water movement and saturation can complicate measurement. The modified design includes three mixed-bed ion-exchange resin bags located above and three resin bags located below soil incubating inside a core tube. The two inner resin bags adjacent to the soil capture NH4+, NO3-, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transported out of the soil during incubation; the two outer resin bags remove inorganic nutrients transported into the modified resin core; and the two middle resin bags serve as quality-control checks on the function of the inner and outer resin bags. Modified resin cores were incubated monthly for a year along the hydrogeomorphic gradient through a floodplain wetland. Only small amounts of NH4+, NO3-, and SRP were found in the two middle resin bags, indicating that the modified resin-core design was effective. Soil moisture and pH inside the modified resin cores typically tracked changes in the surrounding soil abiotic environment. In contrast, use of the closed polyethylene bag method provided substantially different net P and N mineralization rates than modified resin cores and did not track changes in soil moisture or pH. Net ammonification, nitrification, N mineralization, and P mineralization rates measured using modified resin cores varied through space and time associated with hydrologic, geomorphic, and climatic gradients in the floodplain wetland. The modified resin-core technique successfully characterized spatiotemporal variation of net mineralization fluxes in situ and is a viable technique for assessing soil nutrient availability and developing ecosystem budgets.
C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM gnoe@usgs.gov
OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646
FU USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem Science, Hydrologic Networks
Analysis; National Research Programs
FX This research was supported by the USGS Chesapeake Priority Ecosystem
Science, Hydrologic Networks & Analysis, and National Research Programs.
I thank Leanna Westfall, Nicholas Ostroski, Kristin Wolf, and Lauren
McPhillips (National Research Program, USGS) for their valuable
contributions to its completion. Harry Olde Venterink (Institute of
Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich) and William Richardson (Upper Midwest
Environmental Sciences Center, USGS) provided valuable suggestions that
improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 38
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U1 4
U2 53
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
EI 1435-0661
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2011
VL 75
IS 2
BP 760
EP 770
DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0289
PG 11
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 740XF
UT WOS:000288827000044
ER
PT J
AU Halstead, BJ
Wylie, GD
Casazza, ML
Coates, PS
AF Halstead, Brian J.
Wylie, Glenn D.
Casazza, Michael L.
Coates, Peter S.
TI TEMPORAL AND MATERNAL EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF THE GIANT
GARTERSNAKE (THAMNOPHIS GIGAS)
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID VIVIPAROUS SNAKE; ENVIRONMENT; SIZE
AB We used mixed-effects models to examine relationships of reproductive characteristics of the giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) to improve population modeling and conservation planning for this species. Neonates from larger litters had lower mass, and mass of neonates also was affected by random variation among mothers. Length of mother did not affect relative mass of litters; however, our data suggest that longer mothers expended less reproductive effort per offspring than shorter mothers. We detected random variation in length of neonates among mothers, but these lengths were not related to length of mother or size of litter. Mean size of litter varied among years, but little evidence existed for a relationship between size of litter or mass of litter and length of mother. Sex ratios of neonates did not differ from 1:1.
C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.; Coates, Peter S.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
EM bhalstead@usgs.gov
OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X
NR 27
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U1 0
U2 6
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
EI 1943-6262
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 1
BP 29
EP 34
DI 10.1894/GC-205.1
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 743SQ
UT WOS:000289039400005
ER
PT J
AU Herring, G
Ackerman, JT
Takekawa, JY
Eagles-Smith, CA
Eadie, JM
AF Herring, Garth
Ackerman, Joshua T.
Takekawa, John Y.
Eagles-Smith, Collin A.
Eadie, John M.
TI IDENTIFYING NEST PREDATORS OF AMERICAN AVOCETS (RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA)
AND BLACK-NECKED STILTS (HIMANTOPUS MEXICANUS) IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY,
CALIFORNIA
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID SIMULATED WATERFOWL NESTS; ARTIFICIAL-NEST; EGGSHELL EVIDENCE; BREEDING
BIOLOGY; SONGBIRD NESTS; EGG FLOTATION; HABITAT USE; SUCCESS; VIDEO;
IDENTIFICATION
AB We evaluated predation on nests and methods to detect predators using a combination of infrared cameras and plasticine eggs at nests of American avocets (Recurvirosta americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) in Don Edwards San Francisco Ray National Wildlife Refuge, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties, California. Each technique indicated that predation was prevalent; 59% of monitored nests were depredated. Most identifiable predation (n = 49) was caused by mammals (71%) and rates of predation were similar on avocets and stilts. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) each accounted for 16% of predations, whereas gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and avian predators each accounted for 14%. Mammalian predation was mainly nocturnal (mean time, 0051 h +/- 5 h 36 min), whereas most avian predation was in late afternoon (mean time, 1800 h +/- 1 h 26 min). Nests with cameras and plasticine eggs were 1.6 times more likely to be predated than nests where only cameras were used in monitoring. Cameras were associated with It Aver abandonment of nests and provided definitive identification of predators.
C1 [Herring, Garth; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Herring, Garth; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
RP Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM gherring@ucdavis.edu
RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011;
OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285
FU Peninsula Open Space Trust; United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Coastal Program in San Francisco Bay
FX This research was funded by the Peninsula Open Space Trust and United
States Fish and Wildlife Service Coastal Program in San Francisco Bay.
We appreciate support and cooperation of staff at the Don Edwards San
Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (permits 11640-2005-002 and
11640-2006-006). All research was conducted under scientific collecting
permits issued by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and
California Department of Fish and Game, as well as tinder approval of.
the Animal Care and Use Committee Western Ecological Research Center,
United States Geological Survey.We thank M. Nakhai, J. Bluso-Demers, S.
Stoner-Duncan. A. Rex. and L. Yen for field work. M. Casazza and C.
Overton for advice concerning cameras. R. Cole. A. Engilis. and I.
Engilis for identification if mammalian teeth, and (:. Morris and R.
Morat for support. S. Demers, J. Liebezeit. A Meckstroth, and P.
Sanzenbacher provided valuable comments on the manuscript. The use of
made product or names of firms in this publication is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United Status
Government.
NR 43
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U1 0
U2 26
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
EI 1943-6262
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 1
BP 35
EP 43
DI 10.1894/KF-14.1
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 743SQ
UT WOS:000289039400006
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, CT
Gibson, JR
Fries, JN
AF Phillips, Catherine T.
Gibson, J. Randy
Fries, Joe N.
TI SPAWNING BEHAVIOR AND NEST ASSOCIATION BY DIONDA DIABOLI IN THE DEVILS
RIVER, TEXAS
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID SHINER; MINNOWS
AB Spawning behaviors of the Devils River minnow (Dionda diaboli) were observed in the Devils River, Val Verde County, Texas. Spawning in the wild was observed over active and inactive nests of centrarchids near openings of a spring. Nests consisted of cleaned gravel ca. 2-3 cm in maximum dimension. Males defended territories and occasionally spawned with receptive females over the nests. All behaviors observed in the laboratory were observed in wild fish and percentages of time that those behaviors were observed were similar.
C1 [Phillips, Catherine T.; Gibson, J. Randy; Fries, Joe N.] Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
RP Phillips, CT (reprint author), Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
EM catherine_phillips@fws.gov
NR 25
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U1 0
U2 2
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 1
BP 108
EP 112
DI 10.1894/RJE-07.1
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 743SQ
UT WOS:000289039400017
ER
PT J
AU Benson, LV
AF Benson, Larry V.
TI Factors Controlling Pre-Columbian and Early Historic Maize Productivity
in the American Southwest, Part 1: The Southern Colorado Plateau and Rio
Grande Regions
SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THEORY
LA English
DT Article
DE Southwest; Maize agriculture; Soil chemistry
ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; US CORN-BELT; ZEA-MAYS
L.; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CARBON POOLS; AGRICULTURAL
SOILS; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAIZE
AB Maize is the New World's preeminent grain crop and it provided the economic basis for human culture in many regions within the Americas. To flourish, maize needs water, sunlight (heat), and nutrients (e.g., nitrogen). In this paper, climate and soil chemistry data are used to evaluate the potential for dryland (rain-on-field) agriculture in the semiarid southeastern Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande regions. Processes that impact maize agriculture such as nitrogen mineralization, infiltration of precipitation, bare soil evaporation, and transpiration are discussed and evaluated. Most of the study area, excepting high-elevation regions, receives sufficient solar radiation to grow maize. The salinities of subsurface soils in the central San Juan Basin are very high and their nitrogen concentrations are very low. In addition, soils of the central San Juan Basin are characterized by pH values that exceed 8.0, which limit the availability of both nitrogen and phosphorous. In general, the San Juan Basin, including Chaco Canyon, is the least promising part of the study area in terms of dryland farming. Calculations of field life, using values of organic nitrogen for the upper 50 cm of soil in the study area, indicate that most of the study area could not support a 10-bushel/acre crop of maize. The concepts, methods, and calculations used to quantify maize productivity in this study are applicable to maize cultivation in other environmental settings across the Americas.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM lbenson@usgs.gov
NR 244
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1072-5369
EI 1573-7764
J9 J ARCHAEOL METHOD TH
JI J. Archaeol. Method Theory
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 18
IS 1
BP 1
EP 60
DI 10.1007/s10816-010-9082-z
PG 60
WC Anthropology; Archaeology
SC Anthropology; Archaeology
GA 721DA
UT WOS:000287330500001
ER
PT J
AU Benson, LV
AF Benson, Larry V.
TI Factors Controlling Pre-Columbian and Early Historic Maize Productivity
in the American Southwest, Part 2: The Chaco Halo, Mesa Verde, Pajarito
Plateau/Bandelier, and Zuni Archaeological Regions
SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THEORY
LA English
DT Article
DE Southwest; Maize agriculture; Soil chemistry; Nitrogen mineralization;
Chaco Halo; Mesa Verde; Zuni; Bandelier
ID HILLSLOPE SOILS; BARE SOIL; WATER; AGROECOSYSTEM; CONSERVATION;
VARIABILITY; EVAPORATION; COLORADO; MONSOON; PLATEAU
AB Chemical and nutrient analyses of 471 soil samples from 161 sites within four archaeological regions (Pajarito Plateau/Bandelier, Zuni, Mesa Verde, and the Chaco Halo) were combined with historical climate data in order to evaluate the agricultural productivity of each region. In addition, maize productivity and field-life calculations were performed using organic-nitrogen (N) values from the upper 50 cm of soil in each region and a range (1-3%/year) of N-mineralization rates. The end-member values of this range were assumed representative of dry and wet climate states. With respect to precipitation and heat, the Pajarito Plateau area has excellent agricultural potential; the agricultural potentials of the Zuni and Mesa Verde regions are good; and the agricultural potential of the Chaco Halo is poor. Calculations of N mineralization and field life indicate that Morfield Valley in Mesa Verde should be able to provide 10 bu/ac of maize for decades (without the addition of N) when organic N-mineralization rates exceed 2%. Productivity and field-life potential decrease in the following order: Zuni, Mesa Verde, Bandelier, Chaco Halo. The Chaco Halo is very unproductive; e.g., 10 bushels per acre can be achieved within the Halo only from soils having the highest organic N concentration (third quartile) and which undergo the highest rate (3%) of N mineralization.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM lbenson@usgs.gov
NR 59
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1072-5369
J9 J ARCHAEOL METHOD TH
JI J. Archaeol. Method Theory
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 18
IS 1
BP 61
EP 109
DI 10.1007/s10816-010-9083-y
PG 49
WC Anthropology; Archaeology
SC Anthropology; Archaeology
GA 721DA
UT WOS:000287330500002
ER
PT J
AU Williford, D
Woodin, MC
Skoruppa, MK
AF Williford, Damon
Woodin, Marc C.
Skoruppa, Mary Kay
TI THE WINTER DIET OF SHORT-EARED OWLS IN SUBTROPICAL TEXAS: DO SOUTHERN
DIETS PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF OPPORTUNISM?
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Short-eared Owl; Asio flammeus; diet; latitudinal variation; Sigmodon
hispidus; Texas; winter
ID ASIO-FLAMMEUS; FOOD-HABITS; RAPTOR; CHILE
AB Winter diet of the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) in Texas is little known. We investigated the diet of Short-eared Owls wintering in McMullen County, in subtropical Texas, by analyzing the contents of 129 pellets collected over two winters (28 November 2007 to 22 February 2008 and 11 December 2008 to 11 February 2009) and conducted a latitudinal-based comparison of published diet studies of Short-eared Owls. In southern Texas, we recovered the remains of 162 prey items, 98% of which were vertebrates. Hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were the most important prey species in terms of percent of total number (67%) and percent of total biomass (87%). Most (86%) Short-eared Owl diet studies (based on >= 100 pellets) have been conducted north of 35 degrees N, with only six studies, including the present study, conducted at or south of 35 degrees N latitude. Voles (primarily Microtus spp.) were the dominant prey in North American studies (71%), but microtines were not the dominant prey in any of the six studies conducted south of 35 degrees N latitude. We suggest that Short-eared Owls do not specialize on microtines, as is often implied, but rather depend on rodents with cyclic populations, such as the hispid cotton rat in southern areas.
C1 [Williford, Damon] Coastal Bend Coll, Alice, TX 78332 USA.
[Woodin, Marc C.; Skoruppa, Mary Kay] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
RP Williford, D (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA.
EM rook137@gmail.com
NR 77
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 13
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 1
BP 63
EP 70
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 739CV
UT WOS:000288691300007
ER
PT J
AU Pagel, JE
Sipple, J
AF Pagel, Joel E.
Sipple, Jeffrey
TI INCIDENT OF FULL SIBLING MATING IN PEREGRINE FALCONS (FALCO PEREGRINUS)
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Letter
DE Peregrine Falcon; Falco peregrinus; inbreeding; nesting
ID OWLS
C1 [Pagel, Joel E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA.
[Sipple, Jeffrey] Bird Grp, Huntington Beach, CA USA.
RP Pagel, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Off, 6010 Hidden Valley Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA.
EM jpagel@rocketmail.com
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 1
BP 97
EP 98
PG 2
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 739CV
UT WOS:000288691300013
ER
PT J
AU Kalkan, E
Luco, N
AF Kalkan, Erol
Luco, Nicolas
TI Special Issue on Earthquake Ground-Motion Selection and Modification for
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Structures
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA.
RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM ekalkan@usgs.gov; nluco@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE
JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 3
SI SI
BP 277
EP 277
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000355
PG 1
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 736VM
UT WOS:000288523100001
ER
PT J
AU Kalkan, E
Chopra, AK
AF Kalkan, Erol
Chopra, Anil K.
TI Modal-Pushover-Based Ground-Motion Scaling Procedure
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Nonlinear analysis; Seismic effects; Drift; Performance-based earthquake
engineering
ID INTENSITY MEASURES; DESIGN SPECTRA; NEAR-SOURCE; SELECTION
AB Earthquake engineering is increasingly using nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) to demonstrate the performance of structures. This rigorous method of analysis requires selection and scaling of ground motions appropriate to design hazard levels. This paper presents a modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) procedure to scale ground motions for use in a nonlinear RHA of buildings. In the MPS method, the ground motions are scaled to match to a specified tolerance, a target value of the inelastic deformation of the first-mode inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) system whose properties are determined by the first-mode pushover analysis. Appropriate for first-mode dominated structures, this approach is extended for structures with significant contributions of higher modes by considering elastic deformation of second-mode SDF systems in selecting a subset of the scaled ground motions. Based on results presented for three actual buildings-4, 6, and 13-story-the accuracy and efficiency of the MPS procedure are established and its superiority over the ASCE/SEI 7-05 scaling procedure is demonstrated. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Kalkan, Erol] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Chopra, Anil K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM ekalkan@usgs.gov; chopra@ce.berkeley.edu
FU Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
FX The first author wishes to acknowledge the generous support of the
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute for providing him the 2008
EERI/FEMA NEHRP Professional Fellowship in Earthquake Hazard Reduction
for the research study "Preparation of Practical Guidelines to Select
and Scale Earthquake Records for Nonlinear Response History Analysis of
Structures." A complete report of this study and essential computer
codes for MPS are available online at
http://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/ekalkan/MPS/index.html. We also would like to
thank Roger Borcherdt, Praveen Malhotra, Polsak Tothong, and the
anonymous reviewer for reading this article and providing their
constructive suggestions.
NR 38
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 12
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE
JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 3
SI SI
BP 298
EP 310
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000308
PG 13
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 736VM
UT WOS:000288523100004
ER
PT J
AU Huang, YN
Whittaker, AS
Luco, N
Hamburger, RO
AF Huang, Yin-Nan
Whittaker, Andrew S.
Luco, Nicolas
Hamburger, Ronald O.
TI Scaling Earthquake Ground Motions for Performance-Based Assessment of
Buildings
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Ground motion; Response spectra; Scale; Seismic design; Time-series
analysis
ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; RESPONSE SPECTRA; RECORD SELECTION;
EPSILON; PERIODS; MODEL; PGV
AB The impact of alternate ground-motion scaling procedures on the distribution of displacement responses in simplified structural systems is investigated. Recommendations are provided for selecting and scaling ground motions for performance-based assessment of buildings. Four scaling methods are studied, namely, (1) geometric-mean scaling of pairs of ground motions, (2) spectrum matching of ground motions, (3) first-mode-period scaling to a target spectral acceleration, and (4) scaling of ground motions per the distribution of spectral demands. Data were developed by nonlinear response-history analysis of a large family of nonlinear single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillators that could represent fixed-base and base-isolated structures. The advantages and disadvantages of each scaling method are discussed. The relationship between spectral shape and a ground-motion randomness parameter, 6, is presented. A scaling procedure that explicitly considers spectral shape is proposed. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000155. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Huang, Yin-Nan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan.
[Huang, Yin-Nan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
[Whittaker, Andrew S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
[Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Hamburger, Ronald O.] Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA.
RP Huang, YN (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan.
EM YNHuang@ntu.edu.tw; awhittak@buffalo.edu; nluco@usgs.gov;
rohamburger@sgh.com
RI Huang, Yin-Nan/H-9914-2012
NR 24
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 15
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE
JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 3
SI SI
BP 311
EP 321
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000155
PG 11
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 736VM
UT WOS:000288523100005
ER
PT J
AU Nichols, ML
Malone, SD
Moran, SC
Thelen, WA
Vidale, JE
AF Nichols, M. L.
Malone, S. D.
Moran, S. C.
Thelen, W. A.
Vidale, J. E.
TI Deep long-period earthquakes beneath Washington and Oregon volcanoes
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE deep long-period earthquake; volcano seismology; Cascade volcano;
eruption forecast; low frequency earthquake; magma ascent
ID LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; CASCADE RANGE; ERUPTIVE HISTORY;
MOUNT-RAINIER; HEAT-FLOW; GEOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS; SHISHALDIN-VOLCANO;
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; VALLEY CALDERA; UNITED-STATES
AB Deep long-period (DLP) earthquakes are an enigmatic type of seismicity occurring near or beneath volcanoes. They are commonly associated with the presence of magma, and found in some cases to correlate with eruptive activity. To more thoroughly understand and characterize DLP occurrence near volcanoes in Washington and Oregon, we systematically searched the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) triggered earthquake catalog for DLPs occurring between 1980 (when PNSN began collecting digital data) and October 2009. Through our analysis we identified 60 DLPs beneath six Cascade volcanic centers. No DLPs were associated with volcanic activity, including the 1980-1986 and 2004-2008 eruptions at Mount St. Helens. More than half of the events occurred near Mount Baker, where the background flux of magmatic gases is greatest among Washington and Oregon volcanoes. The six volcanoes with DLPs (counts in parentheses) are Mount Baker (31), Glacier Peak (9), Mount Rainier (9), Mount St. Helens (9), Three Sisters (1), and Crater Lake (1). No DLPs were identified beneath Mount Adams, Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson, or Newberry Volcano, although (except at Hood) that may be due in part to poorer network coverage. In cases where the DLPs do not occur directly beneath the volcanic edifice, the locations coincide with large structural faults that extend into the deep crust. Our observations suggest the occurrence of DLPs in these areas could represent fluid and/or magma transport along pre-existing tectonic structures in the middle crust. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Nichols, M. L.; Malone, S. D.; Vidale, J. E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Moran, S. C.; Thelen, W. A.] USGS, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Nichols, ML (reprint author), Univ Washington, Johnson Hall 070,Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM maisie15@uw.edu
RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011
OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X
FU USGS; Department of Earth & Space Sciences at the University of
Washington; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Foundation
FX Support for this project comes from the Volcano Hazards Program of the
USGS, the Department of Earth & Space Sciences at the University of
Washington, and the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS)
Foundation Fellowship. Helpful reviews were provided by Dave Hill and
Wendy McCausland.
NR 63
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 200
IS 3-4
BP 116
EP 128
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.12.005
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 738LP
UT WOS:000288641600002
ER
PT J
AU Gardine, M
West, M
Werner, C
Doukas, M
AF Gardine, Matt
West, Michael
Werner, Cynthia
Doukas, Michael
TI Evidence of magma intrusion at Fourpeaked volcano, Alaska in 2006-2007
from a rapid-response seismic network and volcanic gases
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Fourpeaked volcano; volcano-tectonic earthquakes; volcanic gas;
earthquake swarms; seismic network
ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; CENTERS; FAULT; ARC
AB On September 17th, 2006, Fourpeaked volcano had a widely-observed phreatic eruption. At the time. Fourpeaked was an unmonitored volcano with no known Holocene activity, based on limited field work. Airborne gas sampling began within days of the eruption and a modest seismic network was installed in stages. Vigorous steaming continued for months; however, there were no further eruptions similar in scale to the September 17 event. This eruption was followed by several months of sustained seismicity punctuated by vigorous swarms, and SO2 emissions exceeding a thousand tons/day. Based on observations during and after the phreatic eruption, and assuming no recent pre-historical eruptive activity at Fourpeaked. we propose that the activity was caused by a minor injection of new magma at or near 5 km depth beneath Fourpeaked, which remained active over several months as this magma equilibrated into the crust. By early 2007 declining seismicity and SO2 emission signaled the end of unrest. Because the Fourpeaked seismic network was installed in stages and the seismicity was punctuated by discrete swarms, we use Fourpeaked to illustrate quantitatively the efficacy and shortcomings of rapid response seismic networks for tracking volcanic earthquakes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gardine, Matt; West, Michael] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Werner, Cynthia; Doukas, Michael] US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Gardine, M (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM mgardine@gi.alaska.edu
NR 30
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
EI 1872-6097
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 200
IS 3-4
BP 192
EP 200
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.11.018
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 738LP
UT WOS:000288641600007
ER
PT J
AU Mulcahy, DM
Gartrell, B
Gill, RE
Tibbitts, TL
Ruthrauff, DR
AF Mulcahy, Daniel M.
Gartrell, Brett
Gill, Robert E., Jr.
Tibbitts, T. Lee
Ruthrauff, Daniel R.
TI COELOMIC IMPLANTATION OF SATELLITE TRANSMITTERS IN THE BAR-TAILED GODWIT
(LIMOSA LAPPONICA) AND THE BRISTLE-THIGHED CURLEW (NUMENIUS TAHITIENSIS)
USING PROPOFOL, BUPIVACAINE, AND LIDOCAINE
SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Anesthesia; avian; bar-tailed godwit; bristle-thighed curlew;
implantation; Limosa lapponica; Numenius tahitiensis; surgery
ID THICK-BILLED MURRES; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; SPECTACLED EIDERS; HARLEQUIN
DUCKS; PERCUTANEOUS ANTENNAS; CANVASBACK DUCKS; DIVING BEHAVIOR;
DATA-LOGGERS; HEART-RATE; AT-SEA
AB Intravenous propofol was used as a general anesthetic with a 2:1 (mg:mg) adjunctive mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine as local anesthetics infiltrated into the surgical sites for implantation of satellite transmitters into the right abdominal air sac of 39 female and 4 male bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica baueri and Limosa lapponica menzbeiri) and 11 female and 12 male bristle-thighed curlews (Numennts tahitiensis). The birds were captured on nesting grounds in Alaska, USA, and on overwintering areas in New Zealand and Australia from 2005 through 2008. As it was developed, the mass of the transmitter used changed yearly from a low of 22.4 +/- 0.2 g to a high of 27.1 +/- 0.2 g and weighed 25.1 +/- 0.2 g in the final year. The mean load ratios ranged from 5.2% to 7.7% for godwits and from 5.7% to 7.5% for curlews and exceeded 5% for all years, locations, and genders of both species. The maximum load ratio was 8.3% for a female bar-tailed godwit implanted in Australia in 2008. Three godwits and no curlews died during surgery. Most birds were hyperthermic upon induction but improved during surgery. Two godwits (one in New Zealand and one in Australia) could not stand upon release, likely due to capture myopathy. These birds failed to respond to treatment and were euthanized. The implanted transmitters were used to follow godwits through their southern and northern migrations, and curlews were followed on their southern migration.
C1 [Mulcahy, Daniel M.; Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Tibbitts, T. Lee; Ruthrauff, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Gartrell, Brett] Massey Univ, New Zealand Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Inst Vet Anim & Biomed Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM daniel_mulcahy@usgs.gov
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service
FX The Miranda Shorebird Centre (Keith Woodley), Rob Schuckard, and David
Melville hosted the New Zealand portion of the study. The Australian
portion of the work was hosted by the Birds Australia's Broome Bird
Observatory (Chris Hassell). The Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge
helped with accommodation and logistics in Alaska. This project was
approved by the Institutional Care and Use Committees of Auckland
University, the Western Australia Department of Environmental
Conservation, and the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Science Center
(No. 20022). Funding was from The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
and the avian influenza surveillance monitoring programs of the U.S.
Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This
manuscript was reviewed by Drs. Darryl Heard and Glenn Olsen. Any use of
trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement of the U. S. government.
NR 59
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS
PI YULEE
PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA
SN 1042-7260
J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED
JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 42
IS 1
BP 54
EP 64
PG 11
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 736EC
UT WOS:000288472400009
PM 22946371
ER
PT J
AU Long, RA
Donovan, TM
MacKay, P
Zielinski, WJ
Buzas, JS
AF Long, Robert A.
Donovan, Therese M.
MacKay, Paula
Zielinski, William J.
Buzas, Jeffrey S.
TI Predicting carnivore occurrence with noninvasive surveys and occupancy
modeling
SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Black bear; Bobcat; Detectability; Detection dog; Distribution; Fisher;
Lynx rufus; Martes pennanti; Ursus americanus; Vermont
ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; HABITAT USE; SITE-OCCUPANCY; BLACK BEARS; LYNX-RUFUS;
MOVEMENTS; POPULATION; WISCONSIN; SELECTION; SURVIVAL
AB Terrestrial carnivores typically have large home ranges and exist at low population densities, thus presenting challenges to wildlife researchers. We employed multiple, noninvasive survey methods-scat detection dogs, remote cameras, and hair snares-to collect detection-nondetection data for elusive American black bears (Ursus americanus), fishers (Martes pennanti), and bobcats (Lynx rufus) throughout the rugged Vermont landscape. We analyzed these data using occupancy modeling that explicitly incorporated detectability as well as habitat and landscape variables. For black bears, percentage of forested land within 5 km of survey sites was an important positive predictor of occupancy, and percentage of human developed land within 5 km was a negative predictor. Although the relationship was less clear for bobcats, occupancy appeared positively related to the percentage of both mixed forest and forested wetland habitat within 1 km of survey sites. The relationship between specific covariates and fisher occupancy was unclear, with no specific habitat or landscape variables directly related to occupancy. For all species, we used model averaging to predict occurrence across the study area. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses of our black bear and fisher models suggested that occupancy modeling efforts with data from noninvasive surveys could be useful for carnivore conservation and management, as they provide insights into habitat use at the regional and landscape scale without requiring capture or direct observation of study species.
C1 [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
[Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Buzas, Jeffrey S.] Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05401 USA.
RP Long, RA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Western Transportat Inst, Ellensburg Field Off, 420 N Pearl St,Ste 305, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA.
EM robert.long@coe.montana.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department; University
of Vermont; Wildlife Management Institute; Vermont Department of Fish
and Wildlife; Northeastern States' Research Cooperative; Jon C. and
Katherine L. Harvey Charitable Foundation; Southern Lake Champlain
Valley Office of the Nature Conservancy; Sweet Water Trust; USDA Forest
Service
FX We thank B. Davenport, D. MacKenzie, B. Mitchell, D. Paetkau, A. Royle,
S. Wasser, S. Weigley, J. Weldon, and various field personnel and scat
detection dogs for their contributions to this project. The Vermont
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the
U.S. Geological Survey, the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, the
University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Funding
for this project was provided by the Vermont Department of Fish and
Wildlife, the Northeastern States' Research Cooperative, the Jon C. and
Katherine L. Harvey Charitable Foundation, the Southern Lake Champlain
Valley Office of the Nature Conservancy, Sweet Water Trust, the USDA
Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Finally, we thank Robert
L. Schooley and two reviewers for their valuable comments on this
manuscript. Mention of services used in this research does not confer
endorsement by the U.S. federal government.
NR 42
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 8
U2 121
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-2973
J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL
JI Landsc. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 3
BP 327
EP 340
DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9547-1
PG 14
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 740PY
UT WOS:000288808100003
ER
PT J
AU Kimura, M
Grossman, JN
Weisberg, MK
AF Kimura, M.
Grossman, J. N.
Weisberg, M. K.
TI Fe-Ni metal and sulfide minerals in CM chondrites: An indicator for
thermal history
SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CH CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; MONOSULFIDE SOLID-SOLUTION; AQUEOUS
ALTERATION; PENTLANDITE; MATRIX; SOLAR; CONDENSATION; GRAINS; IRON
AB CM chondrites were subjected to aqueous alteration and, in some cases, to secondary metamorphic heating. The effects of these processes vary widely, and have mainly been documented in silicate phases. Herein, we report the characteristic features of Fe-Ni metal and sulfide phases in 13 CM and 2 CM-related chondrites to explore the thermal history of these chondrites. The texture and compositional distribution of the metal in CM are different from those in unequilibrated ordinary and CO chondrites, but most have similarities to those in highly primitive chondrites, such as CH, CR, and Acfer 094. We classified the CM samples into three categories based on metal composition and sulfide texture. Fe-Ni metal in category A is kamacite to martensite. Category B is characterized by pyrrhotite grains always containing blebs or lamellae of pentlandite. Opaque mineral assemblages of category C are typically kamacite, Ni-Co-rich metal, and pyrrhotite. These categories are closely related to the degree of secondary heating and are not related to degree of the aqueous alteration. The characteristic features of the opaque minerals can be explained by secondary heating processes after aqueous alteration. Category A CM chondrites are unheated, whereas those in category B experienced small degrees of secondary heating. CMs in category C were subjected to the most severe secondary heating process. Thus, opaque minerals can provide constraints on the thermal history for CM chondrites.
C1 [Kimura, M.] Ibaraki Univ, Fac Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan.
[Grossman, J. N.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Weisberg, M. K.] City Univ New York, Grad Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA.
[Weisberg, M. K.] City Univ New York, Kingsborough Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA.
[Weisberg, M. K.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA.
RP Kimura, M (reprint author), Ibaraki Univ, Fac Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan.
EM makotoki@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp
FU ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan [19540500, 22540488];
NASA [NNH08AI80I, NNX09AG94G]
FX We thank H. Kojima, D. Ebel, and J. Bosenberg, A. E. Rubin for sample
allocation. We appreciate the thorough reviews by K. Tomeoka and M. E.
Zolensky. The comments of the associate editor, A. Yamaguchi, were also
very helpful in revising the manuscript. This work was supported by the
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the ministry of Education,
Science and Culture, Japan (no. 19540500 and 22540488, M. K.) and NASA
Cosmochemistry Grants (NNH08AI80I, J. N. G., PI; NNX09AG94G, M. K. W.,
PI).
NR 44
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1086-9379
J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI
JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 46
IS 3
BP 431
EP 442
DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01164.x
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 736NH
UT WOS:000288500900005
ER
PT J
AU Croteau, MN
Dybowska, AD
Luoma, SN
Valsami-Jones, E
AF Croteau, Marie-Noele
Dybowska, Agnieszka D.
Luoma, Samuel N.
Valsami-Jones, Eugenia
TI A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable
and toxic after dietary exposures
SO NANOTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Enriched stable isotope tracers; zinc oxide nanoparticles; toxic
effects; dietborne exposure; bioavailability
ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; AQUATIC COLLOIDS; RAINBOW-TROUT;
FOOD-WEB; WATER; INVERTEBRATES; ISOTOPES; METALS; BIOACCUMULATION
AB If engineered nanomaterials are released into the environment, some are likely to end up associated with the food of animals due to aggregation and sorption processes. However, few studies have considered dietary exposure of nanomaterials. Here we show that zinc (Zn) from isotopically modified (ZnO)-Zn-67 particles is efficiently assimilated by freshwater snails when ingested with food. The Zn-67 from nano-sized (ZnO)-Zn-67 appears as bioavailable as Zn-67 internalized by diatoms. Apparent agglomeration of the zinc oxide (ZnO) particles did not reduce bioavailability, nor preclude toxicity. In the diet, ZnO nanoparticles damage digestion: snails ate less, defecated less and inefficiently processed the ingested food when exposed to high concentrations of ZnO. It was not clear whether the toxicity was due to the high Zn dose achieved with nanoparticles or to the ZnO nanoparticles themselves. Further study of exposure from nanoparticles in food would greatly benefit assessment of ecological and human health risks.
C1 [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Dybowska, Agnieszka D.; Luoma, Samuel N.; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England.
RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mcroteau@usgs.gov
RI Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016;
OI Dybowska, Agnieszka/0000-0002-8927-0159
FU U.S. Geological Survey; NERC (UK) under the Environmental Nanoscience
Initiative [NE/E01500X/1]
FX Funding for this work was provided from the Toxic Substances Research
Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Research Program
(USGS) and by a NERC (UK) grant NE/E01500X/1 under the Environmental
Nanoscience Initiative. The authors thank D. J. Cain for his
contribution to the experimental design, as well as A. Lorenzi, and A.
Kleckner for help with algal cultures. J. Garcia-Alonso is recognized
for some of the pictures shown in Table II. The authors also thank
Gordon Cressey and Jens Najorka from the Mineral Sciences group at
Natural History Museum for their assistance with XRD and Lauren Howard
from the EMMA laboratories at Natural History Museum for assistance with
SEM/TEM work. Critical comments from Drs Jamie Lead and Valery Forbes
are greatly appreciated.
NR 41
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Z9 14
U1 3
U2 77
PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE
PI NEW YORK
PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1743-5390
J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY
JI Nanotoxicology
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 1
BP 79
EP 90
DI 10.3109/17435390.2010.501914
PG 12
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology
GA 737CF
UT WOS:000288545400007
ER
PT J
AU Kimble, DS
Tyers, DB
Robison-Cox, J
Sowell, BF
AF Kimble, David S.
Tyers, Daniel B.
Robison-Cox, Jim
Sowell, Bok F.
TI Aspen Recovery Since Wolf Reintroduction on the Northern Yellowstone
Winter Range
SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE browse; Cervus elaphus; elk; Populus tremuloides; recruitment; trophic
cascade
ID NATIONAL-PARK; TROPHIC CASCADES; PREDATION RISK; ELK; WOLVES; USA;
ECOSYSTEM; REGENERATION; LANDSCAPE; HERBIVORY
AB Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) recruitment and overstory stem densities were sampled in 315 clones in 1991 and 2006 on 560 km(2) of the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range (NYWR). A primary objective was to observe if aspen status had improved from 1991 to 2006: evidence of a wolf (Canis lupus) caused trophic cascade. Recruitment stems (height > 2 m and diameter at breast height < 5 cm) represent recent growth of aspen sprouts above elk (Cervus elaphus) browsing height, whereas overstory stems (all stems > 2 m) represent the cohort of stems, which will insure the sustainability of the clone. Overstory stem densities declined by 12% (P = 0.04) on the landscape scale when compared with paired t-tests. Overstory stems declined in 58% of individual clones and in 63% of the 24 drainages of the study area. The second objective was to determine which factors influenced changes in aspen density. Winter ungulate browsing (P = 0.0001), conifer establishment (P = 0.0001), and cattle (Bos spp.) grazing (P = 0.016) contributed to the decline in overstory stem densities when analyzed using a mixed effects model of log transformed medians. Eighty percent of the clones were classified as having medium to high browsing levels in 1991, whereas 65% of the clones received a similar rating in 2006, possibly due to the reduced NYWR elk population. Aspen recruitment has increased in some 2-10 km(2) areas, but not consistently. Our study found that a trophic cascade of wolves, elk, and aspen, resulting in a landscape-level recovery of aspen, is not occurring at this time.
C1 [Kimble, David S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Evanston, WY 82930 USA.
[Tyers, Daniel B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Robison-Cox, Jim] Montana State Univ, Dept Math, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Sowell, Bok F.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Kimble, DS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Evanston, WY 82930 USA.
EM david_kimble@fws.gov
FU USDA Forest Service; Montana State University
FX Funding or support for this research was provided by the USDA Forest
Service and Montana State University. Gerry Bennett, Dick Ohman, and Jim
Wood have also contributed significantly to wildlife and habitat
research funding on the Gardner Ranger District.
NR 59
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 12
U2 76
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 1550-7424
J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG
JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 64
IS 2
BP 119
EP 130
DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00018.1
PG 12
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 739QR
UT WOS:000288733400002
ER
PT J
AU Washburn, BE
Begier, MJ
AF Washburn, Brian E.
Begier, Michael J.
TI Wildlife Responses to Long-Term Application of Biosolids to Grasslands
in North Carolina
SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE bird habitat; botanical structure; municipal biosolids; plant
composition; species diversity; white-tailed deer
ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE APPLICATION; TALL FESCUE; PLANT COMMUNITY; METAL
CONCENTRATIONS; HABITAT SELECTION; VEGETATION; SOIL; FIELDS;
PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN
AB Applications of biosolids to grassland areas might alter the attractiveness of those habitats to wildlife. For the past 21 yr, biosolids have been applied annually to grasslands at Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Cherry Point, Havelock, North Carolina. During 2003-2005, we conducted a study to determine if the long-term application of biosolids has altered plant communities and/or wildlife use of grassland areas. Ten circular 1.7-ha plots were established: five plots served as controls (untreated) and five plots were located in areas that received biosolids. We monitored vegetation growth, measured plant community composition, and observed all plots for wildlife activity during December 2003 through December 2005. Long-term application of biosolids to grasslands at MCAS Cherry Point has altered the botanical structure and composition of those areas. Plant communities in grassland areas receiving biosolids were taller (P < 0.001), denser (P < 0.001), and less diverse (P < 0.001) than control areas that did not receive biosolids. Biosolids study plots were dominated by tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] S.J. Darbyshire), whereas control plots consisted of a diversity of grasses, forbs, and woody plants. We observed more (P < 0.001.) total birds . 3-min survey(-1) using biosolids treatment plots (6.7 +/- 0.5 birds; (x) over bar +/- SE) than birds using control (2.6 +/- 0.2 birds) plots. Species-specific differences in use of biosolids and control grasslands did occur and was often related to season. We observed no differences in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of biosolids and control areas when examining information from two types of deer surveys. Long-term biosolids application to cool-season grasslands alters plant communities and favors use of those areas by some grassland birds.
C1 [Washburn, Brian E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
[Begier, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
RP Washburn, BE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov
FU US Dept of the Navy; US Dept of Agriculture
FX Research was funded by the US Dept of the Navy and the US Dept of
Agriculture.
NR 41
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 9
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 1550-7424
EI 1551-5028
J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG
JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 64
IS 2
BP 131
EP 138
DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00125.1
PG 8
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 739QR
UT WOS:000288733400003
ER
PT J
AU MaIlroy, SK
Allen-Diaz, BH
Berg, AC
AF MaIlroy, Susan K.
Allen-Diaz, Barbara H.
Berg, Alexander C.
TI Using Digital Photography to Examine Grazing in Montane Meadows
SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE cattle management; digital photography; diurnal grazing; fencing
treatments; mule deer
ID MONITORING REMOTE WILDLIFE; MULE DEER; SIERRA-NEVADA; DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; CATTLE DISTRIBUTION; CALIFORNIA;
MOUNTAIN; EXCLUSION; BEHAVIOR
AB Cattle (Bos taurus) numbers on national forests are allocated based on allotment grazing capacity, but spatial patterns of timing and density at smaller scales are difficult to assess. However, it is often in meadows or riparian areas that grazing may affect hydrology, biodiversity, and other important ecosystem characteristics. To explore real-time animal presence in montane meadows we distributed 18 digital cameras across nine sites in the Sierra National Forest, California. Our objectives were to document seasonal and diurnal presence of both cattle and mule deer (Odocodetts hemionus), identify the effects of three fencing treatments on animal distribution, and test digital photography as a tool for documenting cattle presence. We recorded 409 399 images during daylight hours for two grazing seasons, and we identified 5 084 and 24 482 cattle "marks" (instances of animal occurrence) in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Deer presence was much lower, with 331 marks in 2006 and 598 in 2007. Morning cattle presence was highest before 0800 hours both years (13.7% and 15.4% of total marks for 2006 and 2007, respectively). Marks decreased until 1100 hours and then increased around 1400 hours and remained relatively stable until 1900 hours. Marks then rose precipitously, with > 20% of total marks recorded after 1900 hours both years. Deer presence was less than 10% per hour until 1800 hours, when > 20% of total marks were recorded after this time both years. Among treatments, cattle marks were highest outside fences at partially fenced meadows, and deer were highest within completely fenced meadows. Our experience suggests that cameras are not viable tools for meadow monitoring due to variation captured within meadows and the time and effort involved in image processing and review.
C1 [MaIlroy, Susan K.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
[Allen-Diaz, Barbara H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Berg, Alexander C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Comp Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP MaIlroy, SK (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
EM smcilroy@usgs.gov
FU USDA Forest Service
FX Research was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Region 5.
NR 49
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 16
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 1550-7424
EI 1551-5028
J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG
JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 64
IS 2
BP 187
EP 195
DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00130.1
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 739QR
UT WOS:000288733400009
ER
PT J
AU Long, JB
Giri, C
AF Long, Jordan B.
Giri, Chandra
TI Mapping the Philippines' Mangrove Forests Using Landsat Imagery
SO SENSORS
LA English
DT Article
DE mangrove; Landsat; mapping; unsupervised classification
ID BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Current, accurate, and reliable information on the areal extent and spatial distribution of mangrove forests in the Philippines is limited. Previous estimates of mangrove extent do not illustrate the spatial distribution for the entire country. This study, part of a global assessment of mangrove dynamics, mapped the spatial distribution and areal extent of the Philippines' mangroves circa 2000. We used publicly available Landsat data acquired primarily from the Global Land Survey to map the total extent and spatial distribution. ISODATA clustering, an unsupervised classification technique, was applied to 61 Landsat images. Statistical analysis indicates the total area of mangrove forest cover was approximately 256,185 hectares circa 2000 with overall classification accuracy of 96.6% and a kappa coefficient of 0.926. These results differ substantially from most recent estimates of mangrove area in the Philippines. The results of this study may assist the decision making processes for rehabilitation and conservation efforts that are currently needed to protect and restore the Philippines' degraded mangrove forests.
C1 [Giri, Chandra] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Long, Jordan B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Giri, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM jlong@usgs.gov; cgiri@usgs.gov
FU NASA; USGS [08HQCN007]
FX This research was supported by the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Program.
Work performed under USGS contract 08HQCN007.
NR 23
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 3
U2 14
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1424-8220
J9 SENSORS-BASEL
JI Sensors
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 3
BP 2972
EP 2981
DI 10.3390/s110302972
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 740IT
UT WOS:000288786900041
PM 22163779
ER
PT J
AU Daum, DW
Flannery, BG
AF Daum, David W.
Flannery, Blair G.
TI Canadian-Origin Chinook Salmon Rearing in Nonnatal US Tributary Streams
of the Yukon River, Alaska
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; UPPER FRASER-RIVER;
ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; WINTER HABITAT; MICROSATELLITE; BASIN; LOCI;
STEELHEAD; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR
AB Yukon River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are described as having a ostream-typeo life history strategy. After emergence from river gravel, juveniles typically feed and grow in tributary streams of the Yukon River throughout their first summer, overwinter in freshwater, and usually leave their rearing areas for marine waters during the second spring or summer. Nonnatal rearing has been described in the upper Canadian portion of the drainage, but information is lacking for downstream U.S. waters. In 2006-2007, a study was conducted to document nonnatal rearing and the genetic origin of Chinook salmon in U.S. tributary streams of the Yukon River. Eight nonspawning streams were selected for study, seven located in a 260-km segment between the U.S.-Canada border and Circle, Alaska, and one located 742 km downstream from the border. Age-0 juveniles were captured in all eight streams. Genetic stock composition analyses using 13 standardized microsatellite loci assigned the fish to Canadian source populations. The Carmacks region (over 460 km upstream from the border) contributed 91% to the mixtures in 2006 and 82% in 2007. Canadian stocks nearest the border and from large river systems were underrepresented in the collections. Simulation and known-origin mixture analyses demonstrated that stock composition and individual assignment estimates derived from the genetic baseline were accurate and precise. Some juveniles may have traveled over 1,200 km to reach rearing areas in U.S. waters. Future studies would help define the importance of this life history strategy to the overall health and productivity of Yukon River Chinook salmon.
C1 [Daum, David W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Flannery, Blair G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Daum, DW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
EM david_daum@fws.gov
FU The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field
Office and Conservation Genetics Laboratory; National Park Service
FX Special appreciation is extended to those who contributed to this
project: F. Andersen, P. Sanders and staff of Yukon-Charley Rivers
National Park and Preserve; T. Beacham, D. Gillespie, P. Milligan, and
A. von Finster of Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; L. Dubois
and J Johnson of Alaska Department of Fish and Game; M. Bradford of
Simon Fraser University; and J. Adams, J. Bromaghin, R. Brown, B.
Carter, R. Hander, E. Krestschmer, O. Schlei, and J. Wenburg of the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. We would also like to thank two anonymous
reviewers and the associate editor for their helpful comments that
improved the manuscript. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks
Fish and Wildlife Field Office and Conservation Genetics Laboratory, and
the National Park Service provided funding support for this project. The
findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. Reference of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 71
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 207
EP 220
AR PII 934949272
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.545004
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 738RS
UT WOS:000288660400001
ER
PT J
AU Bromaghin, JF
Evenson, DF
McLain, TH
Flannery, BG
AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.
Evenson, Danielle F.
McLain, Thomas H.
Flannery, Blair G.
TI Using a Genetic Mixture Model to Study Phenotypic Traits: Differential
Fecundity among Yukon River Chinook Salmon
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; STOCK FISHERY
COMPOSITION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; EGG
SIZE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON
AB Fecundity is a vital population characteristic that is directly linked to the productivity of fish populations. Historic data from Yukon River (Alaska) Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha suggest that length-adjusted fecundity differs among populations within the drainage and either is temporally variable or has declined. Yukon River Chinook salmon have been harvested in large-mesh gill-net fisheries for decades, and a decline in fecundity was considered a potential evolutionary response to size-selective exploitation. The implications for fishery conservation and management led us to further investigate the fecundity of Yukon River Chinook salmon populations. Matched observations of fecundity, length, and genotype were collected from a sample of adult females captured from the multipopulation spawning migration near the mouth of the Yukon River in 2008. These data were modeled by using a new mixture model, which was developed by extending the conditional maximum likelihood mixture model that is commonly used to estimate the composition of multipopulation mixtures based on genetic data. The new model facilitates maximum likelihood estimation of stock-specific fecundity parameters without first using individual assignment to a putative population of origin, thus avoiding potential biases caused by assignment error. The hypothesis that fecundity of Chinook salmon has declined was not supported; this result implies that fecundity exhibits high interannual variability. However, length-adjusted fecundity estimates decreased as migratory distance increased, and fecundity was more strongly dependent on fish size for populations spawning in the middle and upper portions of the drainage. These findings provide insights into potential constraints on reproductive investment imposed by long migrations and warrant consideration in fisheries management and conservation. The new mixture model extends the utility of genetic markers to new applications and can be easily adapted to study any observable trait or condition that may vary among populations.
C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Evenson, Danielle F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA.
[McLain, Thomas H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Flannery, Blair G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov
RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009
OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500
FU NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA04NMF4380162]
FX This work was partially funded by the NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce)
under Award NA04NMF4380162, as authorized by the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim
Sustainable Salmon Initiative (www.aykssi.org). The statements,
findings, conclusions, and recommendations do not necessarily reflect
the views of the NOAA, the U. S. Department of Commerce, or the
Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative. Any mention of
trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government. This investigation was initiated
while the first author was employed by the USFWS Alaska Region,
Fisheries and Ecological Services, Anchorage.
NR 86
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 2
BP 235
EP 249
AR PII 935045094
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.558776
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 738RS
UT WOS:000288660400003
ER
PT J
AU Pearse, AT
Krapu, GL
Cox, RR
Davis, BE
AF Pearse, Aaron T.
Krapu, Gary L.
Cox, Robert R., Jr.
Davis, Bruce E.
TI Spring-migration Ecology of Northern Pintails in South-central Nebraska
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas acuta; diet; habitat use; Nebraska; Northern Pintail; Platte River;
Rainwater Basin; spring migration
ID PLAYA LAKES REGION; BODY CONDITION; FEMALE MALLARDS; RAINWATER BASIN;
SANDHILL CRANES; AVIAN CHOLERA; HABITAT USE; SNOW GEESE; DELTA-D;
SURVIVAL
AB Spring-migration ecology of staging Northern Pintails, Anus acuta, was investigated in south-central Nebraska, USA. Habitat associations, local movements, settling patterns, arrival dates, residency times and survival were estimated from 71 radiomarked pintails during spring 2001, 2003 and 2004, and diet determined from 130 females collected during spring 1998 and 1999. Seventy-two percent of pintail diurnal locations were in palustrine wetlands, 7% in riverine wetlands, 3% in lacustrine wetlands, 6% in municipal sewage lagoons and irrigation reuse pits and 10.5% in croplands. Emergent wetlands with hemi-marsh conditions were used diurnally more often than wetlands with either open or closed vegetation structures. Evening foraging flights averaged 4.3 km (SE = 0.6) and 72% were to cornfields. In accord with these findings, 87% of 93 pintails collected during spring 1998 and 1999 returning to evening roosts consumed corn, which represented 84% dry mass of all foods. Pintails collected on non-cropped wetlands ingested invertebrates and seeds from wetland plants more frequently than birds returning to roost. Radiomarked pintails arrived in Nebraska on 7 March 2003 and 18 February 2004; average arrival date was six days earlier during 2004 compared to 2003. Residency time for individuals varied greatly (1-40 days) yet yearly means were similar and averaged 9.5 clays within the region. No mortality was detected for 71 birds monitored over 829 exposure days. Conservation planners linking population dynamics and habitat conditions at spring-staging areas need to focus on pintail body condition during spring and its connection with reproductive success and survival during the breeding season. Received 5 March 2010, accepted 29 April 2010.
C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Krapu, Gary L.; Cox, Robert R., Jr.; Davis, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Davis, Bruce E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM apearse@usgs.gov
OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556
FU Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; North American Wetland Conservation
Act Evaluation Grant; Rainwater Basin Joint Venture; Rainwater Basin
Wetland Management District; Region 6 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service; Great Plains Regional Office of Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; Ducks
Unlimited Canada; U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River Priority
Ecosystems Study
FX We thank the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, North American Wetland
Conservation Act Evaluation Grant, Rainwater Basin Joint Venture,
Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District, Region 6 of the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Regional Office of Ducks Unlimited,
Inc., Ducks Unlimited Canada and U.S. Geological Survey - Platte River
Priority Ecosystems Study for funding and in-kind assistance. D. A.
Brandt, M. D. Cunningham, C. L. Devlin, D. M. Evans, R. Griebel, N. P.
Jerstad, R. M. Kaminski, G. Knutsen, B. W Meixell, T. E. Miller, T. A.
Russell, E. D. Salo, F. Y Sargeant, M. T. Wilson and R. Woodward
provided assistance during fieldwork. We thank B. Ballard, D. Haukos, J.
T. Andersoni. Moon, L. Gustafson and their field assistants for trapping
and marking pintails in Texas. J. P. Fleskes, M. P. Vrtiska and T.
Yerkes provided comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product or
firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the United States Government.
NR 65
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 25
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 1
BP 10
EP 18
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 736WD
UT WOS:000288524800002
ER
EF