FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Stralberg, D
Herzog, MP
Nur, N
Tuxen, KA
Kelly, M
AF Stralberg, Diana
Herzog, Mark P.
Nur, Nadav
Tuxen, Karin A.
Kelly, Maggi
TI Predicting Avian Abundance Within and Across Tidal Marshes Using
Fine-Scale Vegetation and Geomorphic Metrics
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerial imagery; Birds; Remote sensing; Spatial models; Wetland
restoration
ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; BIRD SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; CALIFORNIA BLACK
RAIL; SALT MARSHES; WETLAND RESTORATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; HABITAT
SUITABILITY; BAY; MITIGATION; AMERICA
AB Tidal marsh monitoring and restoration can benefit from the union of fine-scale remote sensing products and field-based survey data via spatial predictive models. As part of an interdisciplinary wetland monitoring project in San Francisco Bay, we developed a suite of 1-m pixel-level spatial metrics describing patterns in marsh vegetation and geomorphology for six sites across a large salinity gradient. These metrics, based on multi-spectral aerial imagery and derived vegetation maps, provided a basis for fine-scale spatial modeling of avian habitat potential. Using common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), and black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) abundance data, we developed statistical models with relatively high explanatory power. In each case, models were improved by including vegetation-map variables, but variables directly extracted from aerial imagery were more reliable indicators of avian abundance. Although results varied by species, our models achieved reasonable within-site predictive success. When predicting to sites not used in the training set, however, validation results were inconsistent and often poor, suggesting that these models should be used with caution outside of the original study sites. As remotely sensed data become more readily available, our methods may be applied to a diverse range of sites, resulting in improved model generality and applicability.
C1 [Stralberg, Diana; Nur, Nadav] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Herzog, Mark P.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Tuxen, Karin A.; Kelly, Maggi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Stralberg, D (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr 11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
EM dstralberg@prbo.org
OI Kelly, Nina Maggi/0000-0002-0198-2822; Stralberg,
Diana/0000-0003-4900-024X
FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program [P0685516]
FX This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Douglas Allen. We are
grateful to the CALFED Bay-Delta Program for providing funding for this
project (contract # P0685516), to the California Department of Fish and
Game and Marin Audubon Society for administering portions of those
funds, and to Stuart Siegel for coordinating the IRWM project. Several
skilled field biologists-Leonard Liu, Parvaneh Abbaspour, April
Robinson, Jules Evens, and Hildie Spautz-collected the avian data that
made this analysis possible. Lisa Schile, Tom Parker, John Callaway, and
Mike Vasey conducted invaluable vegetation surveys used to ground-truth
vegetation maps. Jake Schweitzer was instrumental in processing and
georectifying aerial imagery from HJW GeoSpatial, Inc., and created
preliminary channel layers. Stuart Siegel and Douglas Allen provided
valuable input on spatial geomorphic metrics. Samuel Valdez and Dennis
Jongsomjit helped create spatial metric layers and attribute data for
analysis. Julian Wood provided valuable input, and Jill Talmage helped
administer contracts. This is PRBO publication #1704.
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PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
EI 1943-6246
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 3
BP 475
EP 487
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0052-8
PG 13
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 609AD
UT WOS:000278626200009
ER
PT J
AU Masoner, JR
Stannard, DI
AF Masoner, Jason R.
Stannard, David I.
TI A Comparison of Methods for Estimating Open-Water Evaporation in Small
Wetlands
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Chamber; Class A pan; Evaporation; Floating pan; Land pan; Net
radiation; Priestley-Taylor
ID PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR; PENMAN-MONTEITH; PAN EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION;
EQUATIONS; LAKE
AB We compared evaporation measurements from a floating pan, land pan, chamber, and the Priestley-Taylor (PT) equation. Floating pan, land pan, and meteorological data were collected from June 6 to July 21, 2005, at a small wetland in the Canadian River alluvium in central Oklahoma, USA. Evaporation measured with the floating pan compared favorably to 12 h chamber measurements. Differences between chamber and floating pan rates ranged from -0.2 to 0.3 mm, mean of 0.1 mm. The difference between chamber and land pan rates ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 mm, mean of 1.5 mm. The mean chamber-to-floating pan ratio was 0.97 and the mean chamber-to-land pan ratio was 0.73. The chamber-to-floating pan ratio of 0.97 indicates the use of a floating pan to measure evaporation in small limited-fetch water bodies is an appropriate and accurate method for the site investigated. One-sided Paired t-Tests indicate daily floating pan rates were significantly less than land pan and PT rates. A two-sided Paired t-Test indicated there was no significant difference between land pan and PT values. The PT equation tends to overestimate evaporation during times when the air is of low drying power and tends to underestimate as drying power increases.
C1 [Masoner, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Water Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA.
[Stannard, David I.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Masoner, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Water Sci Ctr, 202 NW 66th Bldg 7, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA.
EM jmasoner@usgs.gov
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PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
EI 1943-6246
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 3
BP 513
EP 524
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0041-y
PG 12
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 609AD
UT WOS:000278626200012
ER
PT J
AU Swain, E
Decker, J
AF Swain, Eric
Decker, Jeremy
TI Measurement-derived Heat-budget Approaches for Simulating Coastal
Wetland Temperature with a Hydrodynamic Model
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Computational methods; Evapotranspiration; Heat transport; Surface water
ID LONG-WAVE RADIATION; EMPIRICAL METHOD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TRANSPORT;
SKIES; CLEAR; FLOW
AB Numerical modeling is needed to predict environmental temperatures, which affect a number of biota in southern Florida, U.S.A., such as the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), which uses thermal basins for refuge from lethal winter cold fronts. To numerically simulate heat-transport through a dynamic coastal wetland region, an algorithm was developed for the FTLOADDS coupled hydrodynamic surface-water/ground-water model that uses formulations and coefficients suited to the coastal wetland thermal environment. In this study, two field sites provided atmospheric data to develop coefficients for the heat flux terms representing this particular study area. Several methods were examined to represent the heat-flux components used to compute temperature. A Dalton equation was compared with a Penman formulation for latent heat computations, producing similar daily-average temperatures. Simulation of heat-transport in the southern Everglades indicates that the model represents the daily fluctuation in coastal temperatures better than at inland locations; possibly due to the lack of information on the spatial variations in heat-transport parameters such as soil heat capacity and surface albedo. These simulation results indicate that the new formulation is suitable for defining the existing thermohydrologic system and evaluating the ecological effect of proposed restoration efforts in the southern Everglades of Florida.
C1 [Swain, Eric; Decker, Jeremy] US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA.
RP Swain, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Water Sci Ctr, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA.
EM edswain@usgs.gov
FU USGS
FX The authors wish to thank the USGS Priority Ecosystem Science program
for providing primary funding for this study. Melinda Lohmann in the
Fort Lauderdale USGS office was a primary developer of the numerical
model used and Catherine Langtimm and Brad Stith of the USGS Biology
discipline coordinated the Manatee research information and supplied
needed data. Assistance in the development of model parameters and
priorities was obtained through consultation with Kim Dryden and Terry
Doyle at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Dewey Worth and Janet
Starnes at the South Florida Water Management District, and David Bauman
at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
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PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 3
BP 635
EP 648
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0053-7
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 609AD
UT WOS:000278626200023
ER
PT J
AU Takekawa, JY
Woo, I
Athearn, ND
Demers, S
Gardiner, RJ
Perry, WM
Ganju, NK
Shellenbarger, GG
Schoellhamer, DH
AF Takekawa, John Y.
Woo, Isa
Athearn, Nicole D.
Demers, Scott
Gardiner, Rachel J.
Perry, William M.
Ganju, Neil K.
Shellenbarger, Gregory G.
Schoellhamer, David H.
TI Measuring sediment accretion in early tidal marsh restoration
SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Acoustic profiler; Bathymetry; Echosounder; Monitoring; San Francisco
Bay; Sedimentation; Tidal marsh restoration
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SALT MARSHES; ESTUARY; WETLAND; ELEVATION
AB Sediment accretion is a critical indicator of initial progress in tidal marsh restoration. However, it is often difficult to measure early deposition rates, because the bottom surface is usually obscured under turbid, tidally-influenced waters. To accurately measure early sediment deposition in marshes, we developed an echosounder system consisting of a specialized acoustic profiler, differential global positioning system unit, and laptop computer mounted on a shallow-draft boat. We conducted a bathymetry survey at the Tubbs Setback tidal restoration site on San Pablo Bay, California, along north-south transects at 25-m intervals. Horizontal position was recorded within 1 m each second and water depth to 1 cm every 0.05 s. Bottom elevations were adjusted for tidal height with surveyed tide gages. We created detailed bathymetric maps (grid cell size: 12.5 m x 12.5 m) by interpolation with inverse distance weighting. During the third year after restoration, sediment accretion averaged 57.1 +/- A 1.1 cm and the estimated sediment gain was 132,900 m(3). The mean difference between the elevations from the bathymetry system and the 9 sediment pins was 2.0 +/- A 1.0 cm. The mean difference of the intersection points of east-west and north-south survey transects was 2.1 +/- A 0.2 cm, which provided a measure of repeatability with changing water levels. Our echosounder system provided accurate and repeatable measurements of sediment accretion of a recently restored tidal wetland, and this system proved to be a viable tool for determining sediment deposition in marshes and assessing early restoration progress.
C1 [Takekawa, John Y.; Woo, Isa; Athearn, Nicole D.; Demers, Scott; Gardiner, Rachel J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
[Perry, William M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
[Ganju, Neil K.; Shellenbarger, Gregory G.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov
RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014;
OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465
FU US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center (WERC); US
Geological Survey, California Water Science Center (CAWSC)
FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey, Western Ecological
Research Center (WERC) and US Geological Survey, California Water
Science Center (CAWSC). Restoration monitoring support was provided by
the US Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services, San Francisco Bay
Estuary Program (R. Morat) and the San Pablo Bay National Wildlife
Refuge through the United Heckathorn Trustee Council. We are grateful to
M. Kolar, M. Parker, J. Bradley, and M. Stewart for administrative
assistance; B. Winton, C. Smith, and G. Block for logistical support; J.
Bluso, K. L. Turner, A. Rowan, H. Bohmann, A. Westhoff, D. Gaube, and L.
Dembosz (WERC) for field assistance; S. Carroll and F. Reid (Ducks
Unlimited), Hans Haselbach (Haselbach Surveying Instruments Inc), P.
Goebel (Shoreline Engineering), and J. Kulpa (Environmental Data
Solutions) for survey and design information; and J. Yee for assistance
with analysis programs. We appreciate the helpful comments of J.
Callaway and G. Wylie to improve the manuscript. The use of trade,
product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government.
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PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0923-4861
J9 WETL ECOL MANAG
JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 3
BP 297
EP 305
DI 10.1007/s11273-009-9170-6
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 599WE
UT WOS:000277943800005
ER
PT J
AU Stafford, JD
Pearse, AT
Hine, CS
Yetter, AP
Horath, MM
AF Stafford, Joshua D.
Pearse, Aaron T.
Hine, Christopher S.
Yetter, Aaron P.
Horath, Michelle M.
TI Factors associated with hunter success for ducks on state-owned lands in
Illinois, USA
SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas platyrhynchos; Anatidae; habitat conservation; harvest; hunter
success; Illinois; public lands
ID WATERFOWL HARVEST; MANAGED WETLANDS; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; RECRUITMENT;
REGULATIONS; POPULATIONS; MALLARDS; SIZE
AB Factors that influence hunter success for waterfowl are subject to varying levels of control by managers. The relative influence of these factors is poorly understood, but such information may be valuable to guide management actions intended to promote successful hunting and communicate management decisions to constituents. We used bag-check data to investigate factors influencing hunter success for mallards Anus platyrhynchos and other dabbling ducks (tribe Anatini) during the period 1981-2000 and 2002 at Illinois public waterfowl areas. Competing models of hunter success for mallards and other dabbling ducks included a negative association with average low temperature during the duck season (uncontrollable by managers) and positive associations with estimates of local and continental duck abundance, factors which we considered partially controllable by managers. Although a certain proportion of variation in hunter success for ducks cannot be directly influenced by managers, we suggest that programs and management efforts, which promote larger continental duck populations (e.g. Conservation Reserve Program) and local duck abundance (e.g. provide quality wetland foraging habitats), may positively influence hunter success.
C1 [Stafford, Joshua D.; Hine, Christopher S.; Yetter, Aaron P.; Horath, Michelle M.] Univ Illinois, Frank C Bellrose Waterfowl Res Ctr, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Havana, IL 62644 USA.
[Pearse, Aaron T.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Stafford, JD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Frank C Bellrose Waterfowl Res Ctr, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, POB 590, Havana, IL 62644 USA.
EM jdstaff@illinois.edu; apearse@usgs.gov; chine@inhs.uiuc.edu;
ayetter@illinois.edu; mgeorgi@inhs.uiuc.edu
RI Stafford, Joshua/H-4039-2011;
OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556
FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Fund
FX we are especially grateful for all the IDNR employees who willingly
gathered and shared their hunter harvest data with us. We thank Steve
Cordts, Matthieu Guillemain, Steve Havera, Ed Heske, Dave Sharp, Randy
Smith, Josh Vest and an anonymous reviewer for critical reviews that
improved our manuscript. Robert Crompton conducted aerial inventories
during the study period and Dale Tunis was the pilot. Funding was
provided by the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Fund and
administered through the IDNR project W-43-R. Any use of trade, product
or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PI RONDE
PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK
SN 0909-6396
J9 WILDLIFE BIOL
JI Wildlife Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 2
BP 113
EP 122
DI 10.2981/09-071
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 635TZ
UT WOS:000280680800001
ER
PT J
AU Watts, DE
Butler, LG
Dale, BW
Cox, RD
AF Watts, Dominique E.
Butler, Lem G.
Dale, Bruce W.
Cox, R. Dave
TI The Ilnik wolf Canis lupus pack: use of marine mammals and offshore sea
ice
SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska Peninsula; Canis lupus; marine mammals; scavenging; sea ice;
wolves
ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; WOLVES; DIET; SALMON; ARCHIPELAGO; ECOLOGY;
PREY
AB Most wolf Canis lupus studies have been conducted in inland regions and comparatively little data are available for wolves inhabiting coastal areas. We monitored four members of a coastal wolf pack on the Alaska Peninsula during 2006-2008. Habitat selection ratios indicated a strong association with the coastline, and we documented pack members and other wolves feeding on several species of marine mammals in these areas. In addition, pack members were observed foraging on offshore sea ice on multiple occasions. Observed spatial use and utilization of marine mammals suggest that marine-derived subsidies may provide an important food source to coastal wolf populations. If these subsidies constitute a significant food source for coastal wolves, they likely affect wolf demographics and predator-prey relationships in these areas.
C1 [Watts, Dominique E.; Cox, R. Dave] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA.
[Butler, Lem G.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA.
[Dale, Bruce W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA.
RP Watts, DE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4 Bear Rd, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA.
EM dave_cox@fws.gov; lem.butler@alaska.gov; bruce.dale@alaska.gov;
dave_cox@fws.gov
FU U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Alaska Peninsula; Becharof National
Wildlife Refuges; Alaska Department of Fish Game
FX we thank helicopter pilots T. Cambier, S. Gibbens and R. Swisher,
fixed-wing pilot M. Webb, Refuge Manager D. Lons, biologist S. Savage,
and biological technicians G. Millet, S. Hawks and M. Aronsson. We also
thank Layne Adams for his helpful comments on this manuscript. Funding
and support for this project were provided by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife
Service Alaska Peninsula and Becharof National Wildlife Refuges and the
Alaska Department of Fish & Game.
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PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK
SN 0909-6396
J9 WILDLIFE BIOL
JI Wildlife Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 2
BP 144
EP 149
DI 10.2981/09-040
PG 6
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 635TZ
UT WOS:000280680800004
ER
PT J
AU Burhans, DE
Root, BG
Shaffer, TL
Dey, DC
AF Burhans, Dirk E.
Root, Brian G.
Shaffer, Terry L.
Dey, Daniel C.
TI SONGBIRD NEST SURVIVAL IS INVARIANT TO EARLY-SUCCESSIONAL RESTORATION
TREATMENTS IN A LARGE RIVER FLOODPLAIN
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; OLD
FIELDS; PARASITISM; LANDSCAPE; PREDATION; SPARROWS; GRASSLAND; MISSOURI
AB We monitored songbird nest survival in two reforesting, similar to 50-ha former cropland sties along the Missouri River HI central Missouri from 2001 to 2003 Sites were partitioned Into three experimental units, each receiving one of three tree plant ins treatments Nest densities varied among restoration treatments for foul of live species. hut overall nest survival rates did not Nest survival varied with day-of-year and with incidence of brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) Nest survival was higher early and late in the season, and parasitized nests experienced lower nest survival despite few complete losses directly attributable to parasitism Probability of parasitism was inversely related to distance to the nearest tree, and was much lower than in old field study sites in the same region High cowbird parasitism frequences are usually associated with landscapes low in forest cover yet these sites in an agriculturally-dominated bottom land landscape experienced low (similar to 0 8-24%) cowbird parasitism The assumed negative relationship between landscape-level forest cover and cowbird parasitism needs further study in habitats other than forest Received 1 September 2008 Accepted 26 November 2009
C1 [Burhans, Dirk E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Root, Brian G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA.
[Shaffer, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie & Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Dey, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Burhans, DE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
FU University of Missouri's Center for Agroforestry, Agricultural Research
Service [58-6227-1-004]; U S Environmental Protection Agency [C R
826704-01-2]
FX We thank F R Thompson for helpful suggestions about the data analysis
Many field assistants helped gather information for this study.
including Marjanne Manker, Kristin Ellis. Charles Sharp. Heather Hertz.
Faren McCord. Sarah Moody. and Tina Foglesong Maria Furey mapped
site-level geographic data used in the study. and Bill Dyak provided
statistics from those data Jennifer Grabner helped with the vegetation
data and her clew gathered the vegetation samples We thank Soda Popp for
generously allowing use of his access load to Smoky Waters and Terry
Bruns for help when vehicles got stuck Wes Bailey and anonymous
reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts Some equipment.
vehicles, and computer support were courtesy of the USDA Forest Service,
North Central Research Station This work was funded through the
University of Missouri's Center for Agroforestry under cooperative
agreements 58-6227-1-004 with the Agricultural Research Service and C R
826704-01-2 with the U S Environmental Protection Agency The results
presented are the sole responsibility of the principal in and/or
University of Missouri and may not represent the policies or positions
of the EPA Any opinions Findings. conclusions or recommendations
expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the view of the U S Department of Agriculture
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PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
EI 1938-5447
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 2
BP 307
EP 317
DI 10.1676/08-112.1
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 609SV
UT WOS:000278678300011
ER
PT J
AU Devereux, OH
Prestegaard, KL
Needelman, BA
Gellis, AC
AF Devereux, Olivia H.
Prestegaard, Karen L.
Needelman, Brian A.
Gellis, Allen C.
TI Suspended-sediment sources in an urban watershed, Northeast Branch
Anacostia River, Maryland
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE source tracing; suspended sediment; sediment sources; sediment
fingerprinting; urban sediment sources; Anacostia River
ID FALLOUT CS-137; CATCHMENT; AUSTRALIA; EROSION; SYSTEM; BASIN; UK
AB Fine sediment sources were characterized by chemical composition in an urban watershed, the Northeast Branch Anacostia River, which drains to the Chesapeake Bay. Concentrations of 63 elements and two radionuclides were measured in possible land-based sediment sources and suspended sediment collected from the water column at the watershed outlet during storm events. These tracer concentrations were used to determine the relative quantity of suspended sediment contributed by each source. Although this is an urbanized watershed, there was not a distinct urban signature that can be evaluated except for the contributions from road surfaces. We identified the sources of fine sediment by both physiographic province (Piedmont and Coastal Plain) and source locale (streambanks, upland and street residue) by using different sets of elemental tracers. The Piedmont contributed the majority of the fine sediment for seven of the eight measured storms. The streambanks contributed the greatest quantity of fine sediment when evaluated by source locale. Street residue contributed 13% of the total suspended sediment on average and was the source most concentrated in anthropogenically enriched elements. Combining results from the source locale and physiographic province analyses, most fine sediment in the Northeast Branch watershed is derived from streambanks that contain sediment eroded from the Piedmont physiographic province of the watershed. Sediment fingerprinting analyses are most useful when longer term evaluations of sediment erosion and storage are also available from streambank-crosion measurements, sediment budget and other methods. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Devereux, Olivia H.] Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Prestegaard, Karen L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gellis, Allen C.] US Geol Survey, MD DE DC Water Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Devereux, OH (reprint author), Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, 51 Monroe St,Suite PE 08, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
EM odevereux@icprb.org
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0885-6087
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD MAY 30
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 11
BP 1391
EP 1403
DI 10.1002/hyp.7604
PG 13
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 592MQ
UT WOS:000277383700002
ER
PT J
AU Huggel, C
Salzmann, N
Allen, S
Caplan-Auerbach, J
Fischer, L
Haeberli, W
Larsen, C
Schneider, D
Wessels, R
AF Huggel, C.
Salzmann, N.
Allen, S.
Caplan-Auerbach, J.
Fischer, L.
Haeberli, W.
Larsen, C.
Schneider, D.
Wessels, R.
TI Recent and future warm extreme events and high-mountain slope stability
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL
AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE warm extremes; avalanches; slope instabilities
ID ROCK AVALANCHES; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; ILIAMNA VOLCANO; ICE
AVALANCHES; ALPS; ALASKA; SWITZERLAND; LANDSLIDES; GLACIERS; FREQUENT
AB The number of large slope failures in some high-mountain regions such as the European Alps has increased during the past two to three decades. There is concern that recent climate change is driving this increase in slope failures, thus possibly further exacerbating the hazard in the future. Although the effects of a gradual temperature rise on glaciers and permafrost have been extensively studied, the impacts of short-term, unusually warm temperature increases on slope stability in high mountains remain largely unexplored.
We describe several large slope failures in rock and ice in recent years in Alaska, New Zealand and the European Alps, and analyse weather patterns in the days and weeks before the failures. Although we did not find one general temperature pattern, all the failures were preceded by unusually warm periods; some happened immediately after temperatures suddenly dropped to freezing.
We assessed the frequency of warm extremes in the future by analysing eight regional climate models from the recently completed European Union programme ENSEMBLES for the central Swiss Alps. The models show an increase in the higher frequency of high-temperature events for the period 2001-2050 compared with a 1951-2000 reference period. Warm events lasting 5, 10 and 30 days are projected to increase by about 1.5-4 times by 2050 and in some models by up to 10 times.
Warm extremes can trigger large landslides in temperature-sensitive high mountains by enhancing the production of water by melt of snow and ice, and by rapid thaw. Although these processes reduce slope strength, they must be considered within the local geological, glaciological and topographic context of a slope.
C1 [Huggel, C.; Salzmann, N.; Fischer, L.; Haeberli, W.; Schneider, D.] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Salzmann, N.] Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
[Allen, S.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geog, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
[Allen, S.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Caplan-Auerbach, J.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA.
[Larsen, C.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Wessels, R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA.
RP Huggel, C (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM christian.huggel@geo.uzh.ch
NR 55
TC 55
Z9 56
U1 1
U2 33
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1364-503X
EI 1471-2962
J9 PHILOS T R SOC A
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
PD MAY 28
PY 2010
VL 368
IS 1919
BP 2435
EP 2459
DI 10.1098/rsta.2010.0078
PG 25
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 590ND
UT WOS:000277232300007
PM 20403836
ER
PT J
AU Butchart, SHM
Walpole, M
Collen, B
van Strien, A
Scharlemann, JPW
Almond, REA
Baillie, JEM
Bomhard, B
Brown, C
Bruno, J
Carpenter, KE
Carr, GM
Chanson, J
Chenery, AM
Csirke, J
Davidson, NC
Dentener, F
Foster, M
Galli, A
Galloway, JN
Genovesi, P
Gregory, RD
Hockings, M
Kapos, V
Lamarque, JF
Leverington, F
Loh, J
McGeoch, MA
McRae, L
Minasyan, A
Morcillo, MH
Oldfield, TEE
Pauly, D
Quader, S
Revenga, C
Sauer, JR
Skolnik, B
Spear, D
Stanwell-Smith, D
Stuart, SN
Symes, A
Tierney, M
Tyrrell, TD
Vie, JC
Watson, R
AF Butchart, Stuart H. M.
Walpole, Matt
Collen, Ben
van Strien, Arco
Scharlemann, Joern P. W.
Almond, Rosamunde E. A.
Baillie, Jonathan E. M.
Bomhard, Bastian
Brown, Claire
Bruno, John
Carpenter, Kent E.
Carr, Genevieve M.
Chanson, Janice
Chenery, Anna M.
Csirke, Jorge
Davidson, Nick C.
Dentener, Frank
Foster, Matt
Galli, Alessandro
Galloway, James N.
Genovesi, Piero
Gregory, Richard D.
Hockings, Marc
Kapos, Valerie
Lamarque, Jean-Francois
Leverington, Fiona
Loh, Jonathan
McGeoch, Melodie A.
McRae, Louise
Minasyan, Anahit
Morcillo, Monica Hernandez
Oldfield, Thomasina E. E.
Pauly, Daniel
Quader, Suhel
Revenga, Carmen
Sauer, John R.
Skolnik, Benjamin
Spear, Dian
Stanwell-Smith, Damon
Stuart, Simon N.
Symes, Andy
Tierney, Megan
Tyrrell, Tristan D.
Vie, Jean-Christophe
Watson, Reg
TI Global Biodiversity: Indicators of Recent Declines
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CONSERVATION; POLICY; EXTINCTIONS; CHALLENGES; FOREST; IMPACT; INDEX;
BIRDS
AB In 2002, world leaders committed, through the Convention on Biological Diversity, to achieve a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. We compiled 31 indicators to report on progress toward this target. Most indicators of the state of biodiversity (covering species' population trends, extinction risk, habitat extent and condition, and community composition) showed declines, with no significant recent reductions in rate, whereas indicators of pressures on biodiversity (including resource consumption, invasive alien species, nitrogen pollution, overexploitation, and climate change impacts) showed increases. Despite some local successes and increasing responses (including extent and biodiversity coverage of protected areas, sustainable forest management, policy responses to invasive alien species, and biodiversity-related aid), the rate of biodiversity loss does not appear to be slowing.
C1 [Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Walpole, Matt; Scharlemann, Joern P. W.; Almond, Rosamunde E. A.; Chenery, Anna M.; Kapos, Valerie; Morcillo, Monica Hernandez; Stanwell-Smith, Damon; Stuart, Simon N.; Tierney, Megan; Tyrrell, Tristan D.] UN, Environm Programme, World Conservat Monitoring Ctr, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England.
[Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Symes, Andy] BirdLife Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England.
[Collen, Ben; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; McRae, Louise] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England.
[van Strien, Arco] Stat Netherlands, NL-2490 HA The Hague, Netherlands.
[Bruno, John] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Carpenter, Kent E.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
[Carr, Genevieve M.] Natl Water Res Inst Branch, United Nations Environm Programme, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Chanson, Janice] Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Biodivers Assessment Unit, IUCN Species Survival Commiss, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
[Csirke, Jorge] UN, Food & Agr Org, Fisheries & Aquaculture Management Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
[Davidson, Nick C.] Secretariat Ramsar Convent Wetlands, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.
[Dentener, Frank] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
[Galli, Alessandro] Global Footprint Network, Oakland, CA 94607 USA.
[Galloway, James N.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
[Genovesi, Piero] Ist Super Protez & Ric Ambientale, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
[Gregory, Richard D.] Royal Soc Protect Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England.
[Hockings, Marc; Leverington, Fiona] Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Syst, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia.
[Kapos, Valerie] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.
[Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Loh, Jonathan] World Wildlife Fund Int, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.
[McGeoch, Melodie A.] S African Natl Pk, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-7947 Steenberg, South Africa.
[McGeoch, Melodie A.] S African Natl Pk, Global Invas Species Programme, ZA-7947 Steenberg, South Africa.
[Minasyan, Anahit] United Nations Educ Sci & Cultural Org, F-75352 Paris, France.
[Oldfield, Thomasina E. E.] TRAFFIC Int, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England.
[Pauly, Daniel; Watson, Reg] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Sea Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Quader, Suhel] Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India.
[Revenga, Carmen] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
[Sauer, John R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Skolnik, Benjamin] Amer Bird Conservancy, Washington, DC 20009 USA.
[Spear, Dian] Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa.
[Stuart, Simon N.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, IUCN Species Survival Commiss, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
[Stuart, Simon N.] Al Ain Wildlife Pk & Resort, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
[Vie, Jean-Christophe] IUCN, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.
RP Butchart, SHM (reprint author), UN, Environm Programme, World Conservat Monitoring Ctr, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England.
EM stuart.butchart@birdlife.org
RI Hockings, Marc/A-1283-2007; Kapos, Valerie/G-3136-2010; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Carneiro, Fernanda/E-9513-2013; Scharlemann,
Jorn/A-4737-2008; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Quader, Suhel/D-4454-2011;
Collen, Ben/D-5055-2011; Spear, Dian/B-2469-2009; Watson,
Reg/F-4850-2012; McGeoch, Melodie/F-8353-2011; Galloway,
James/C-2769-2013
OI Galli, Alessandro/0000-0001-9503-4104; Hockings,
Marc/0000-0003-4419-8963; Kapos, Valerie/0000-0002-5739-8262; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Carneiro,
Fernanda/0000-0001-6389-4564; Scharlemann, Jorn/0000-0002-2834-6367;
Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Spear, Dian/0000-0002-2417-3980;
Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; McGeoch, Melodie/0000-0003-3388-2241;
Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698
FU Global Environment Facility; Shell Foundation; European Commission;
University of British Columbia/Pew Environment Group; Nature
Conservancy; University of Queensland; New Hampshire Charitable
Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF)
FX We are grateful for comments, data, or help from R. Akcakaya, L.
Alvarez-Filip, A. Angulo, L. Bennun, L. Coad, N. Cox, M. Dube, C.
Estreguil, M. Evans, B. Galil, V. Gaveau, F. Gherardi, S. Goldfinger, R.
Green, A. Grigg, P. Herkenrath, C. Hilton-Taylor, M. Hoffmann, E.
Kleynhans, J. Lamoreux, S. Livingstone, E. Marais, P. Martin, I. May, A.
Milam, K. Noonan-Mooney, H. Pavese, B. Polidoro, C. Pollock, D.
Pritchard, J. Schipper, F. Schutyser, V. Shutte, S. Simons, J.
Skorpilova, A. Stattersfield, P. Vorisek, R. Wright, M. Wackernagel, and
M. Waycott. We acknowledge support from the Global Environment Facility
to the 2010 Biodiversity Indicators Partnership; Shell Foundation;
European Commission; the Sea Around Us Project (University of British
Columbia/Pew Environment Group) to D. P. and R. W.; World Wildlife Fund,
The Nature Conservancy, and the University of Queensland to M. H. and F.
L.; T. Haas and the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation to K. E. C.; and
the National Science Foundation (NSF) to J.-F.L. Opinions and findings
expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or other
funding bodies.
NR 26
TC 1211
Z9 1283
U1 248
U2 1854
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 28
PY 2010
VL 328
IS 5982
BP 1164
EP 1168
DI 10.1126/science.1187512
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 601YR
UT WOS:000278104700046
PM 20430971
ER
PT J
AU Holt, JW
Fishbaugh, KE
Byrne, S
Christian, S
Tanaka, K
Russell, PS
Herkenhoff, KE
Safaeinili, A
Putzig, NE
Phillips, RJ
AF Holt, J. W.
Fishbaugh, K. E.
Byrne, S.
Christian, S.
Tanaka, K.
Russell, P. S.
Herkenhoff, K. E.
Safaeinili, A.
Putzig, N. E.
Phillips, R. J.
TI The construction of Chasma Boreale on Mars
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH POLAR-REGION; LAYERED DEPOSITS; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; STRATIGRAPHY;
ORIGIN
AB The polar layered deposits of Mars contain the planet's largest known reservoir of water ice(1,2) and the prospect of revealing a detailed Martian palaeoclimate record(3,4), but the mechanisms responsible for the formation of the dominant features of the north polar layered deposits (NPLD) are unclear, despite decades of debate. Stratigraphic analyses of the exposed portions of Chasma Boreale-a large canyon 500 km long, up to 100 km wide, and nearly 2 km deep-have led most researchers to favour an erosional process for its formation following initial NPLD accumulation. Candidate mechanisms include the catastrophic outburst of water(5), protracted basal melting(6), erosional undercutting(7), aeolian downcutting(7-9) and a combination of these processes(10). Here we use new data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to show that Chasma Boreale is instead a long-lived, complex feature resulting primarily from non-uniform accumulation of the NPLD. The initial valley that later became Chasma Boreale was matched by a second, equally large valley that was completely filled in by subsequent deposition, leaving no evidence on the surface to indicate its former presence. We further demonstrate that topography existing before the NPLD began accumulating influenced successive episodes of deposition and erosion, resulting in most of the present-day topography. Long-term and large-scale patterns of mass balance achieved through sedimentary processes, rather than catastrophic events, ice flow or highly focused erosion, have produced the largest geomorphic anomaly in the north polar ice of Mars.
C1 [Holt, J. W.; Christian, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Fishbaugh, K. E.] Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Byrne, S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Christian, S.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA.
[Tanaka, K.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Russell, P. S.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Safaeinili, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Putzig, N. E.; Phillips, R. J.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
RP Holt, JW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
EM jack@ig.utexas.edu
RI Holt, John/C-4896-2009; Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012
FU Institute for Geophysics of the Jackson School of Geosciences; NASA
[NAG5-12693]; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO); Italian Space Agency
FX We thank P. Choudhary for assistance with radar data analysis. Work at
the University of Texas was supported by the Institute for Geophysics of
the Jackson School of Geosciences, a NASA grant (NAG5-12693) to J.W.H.
and a Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Participating Scientist grant to
J.W.H. MRO is operated for NASA by Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
SHARAD was provided to MRO by the Italian Space Agency through a
contract with Thales Alenia Space Italia, and is operated by the INFOCOM
Department, University of Rome. We thank the SHARAD Operations Center in
Rome for their critical support. We honour the memory of our co-author
and colleague A. S. This is UTIG contribution number 2186.
NR 26
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 14
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
EI 1476-4687
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAY 27
PY 2010
VL 465
IS 7297
BP 446
EP 449
DI 10.1038/nature09050
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 601FM
UT WOS:000278043700027
PM 20505721
ER
PT J
AU Li, JR
Okin, GS
Herrick, JE
Belnap, J
Munson, SM
Miller, ME
AF Li, Junran
Okin, Gregory S.
Herrick, Jeffrey E.
Belnap, Jayne
Munson, Seth M.
Miller, Mark E.
TI A simple method to estimate threshold friction velocity of wind erosion
in the field
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ERODIBILITY; DISTURBANCE; DESERT; SOILS
AB This study provides a fast and easy-to-apply method to estimate threshold friction velocity (TFV) of wind erosion in the field. Wind tunnel experiments and a variety of ground measurements including air gun, pocket penetrometer, torvane, and roughness chain were conducted in Moab, Utah and cross-validated in the Mojave Desert, California. Patterns between TFV and ground measurements were examined to identify the optimum method for estimating TFV. The results show that TFVs were best predicted using the air gun and penetrometer measurements in the Moab sites. This empirical method, however, systematically underestimated TFVs in the Mojave Desert sites. Further analysis showed that TFVs in the Mojave sites can be satisfactorily estimated with a correction for rock cover, which is presumably the main cause of the underestimation of TFVs. The proposed method may be also applied to estimate TFVs in environments where other non-erodible elements such as postharvest residuals are found. Citation: Li, J., G. S. Okin, J. E. Herrick, J. Belnap, S. M. Munson, and M. E. Miller (2010), A simple method to estimate threshold friction velocity of wind erosion in the field, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L10402, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043245.
C1 [Li, Junran; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Li, Junran; Okin, Gregory S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
[Belnap, Jayne; Munson, Seth M.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
[Miller, Mark E.] Natl Pk Serv, SE Utah Grp, Moab, UT USA.
RP Li, JR (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; smunson@usgs.gov
OI Okin, Gregory/0000-0002-0484-3537
FU USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects
Assessment Program; USDA-Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Geological
Survey
FX We greatly acknowledge Matthew V. Scoyoc, Maegan McKee, Michelle
Mattocks, and Juan Gu for their assistance in field wind tunnel and soil
test experiments. This research was supported by the USDA-Natural
Resources Conservation Service Conservation Effects Assessment Program,
the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey.
Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U. S. Government.
NR 15
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 26
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L10402
DI 10.1029/2010GL043245
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 603UQ
UT WOS:000278234000001
ER
PT J
AU Davis, FW
Borchert, M
Meentemeyer, RK
Flint, A
Rizzo, DM
AF Davis, Frank W.
Borchert, Mark
Meentemeyer, Ross K.
Flint, Alan
Rizzo, David M.
TI Pre-impact forest composition and ongoing tree mortality associated with
sudden oak death in the Big Sur region; California
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Species distribution models; Landscape disease pattern; Community
ordination; Spatial autocorrelation; Chaparral
ID MIXED-EVERGREEN FOREST; PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; HABITAT MODELS;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; DISEASE; PATHOGENS; SPREAD;
TRANSMISSION
AB Mixed-evergreen forests of central coastal California are being severely impacted by the recently introduced plant pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum. We collected forest plot data using a multi-scale sampling design to characterize pre-infestation forest composition and ongoing tree mortality along environmental and time-since-fire gradients. Vegetation pattern was described using trend surface analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis and redundancy analysis. Species-environment associations were modeled using non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR). Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) mortality was analyzed with respect to environmental and biotic factors using trend surface analysis and multivariate regression. Mixed-evergreen forest occurs throughout the Big Sur region but is most widespread in the north, on north facing slopes, at mid-elevations near the coast. Relative basal area of the dominant tree species changes fairly predictably from north to south and from coast to interior in relation to mapped patterns of precipitation, temperature factors and soil characteristics. Most dominant tree species sprout vigorously after fire. The forests experience a mixed-fire regime in this region ranging from low severity understory burns to high severity crown fires, with the latter increasing above the marine inversion layer and at more interior locations. Ceanothus spp. can dominate mixed-evergreen sites for several decades after severe fires. All of the dominant broadleaf evergreen tree species are hosts of P. ramorum, although not all will die from infection. Tanoak mortality decreases from northwest to southeast and is significantly correlated with climate, especially growing degree days and mean annual precipitation, and with basal area of the foliar host bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) in a 0.5-1 ha neighborhood. Adaptive management of mixed-evergreen forest to mitigate P. ramorum impacts in the region will need to consider large local and regional variation in forest composition and the potentially strong interactions between climate, fire, forest composition and disease severity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Borchert, Mark] San Bernardino Natl Forest, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA.
[Meentemeyer, Ross K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.
[Flint, Alan] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Rizzo, David M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Davis, FW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM fwd@icess.ic.ucsb.edu
RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009
OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718
FU USDA [05-JV-11272138-059]; NSF [EF-0622770]
FX Research funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service Joint Venture
Agreement No. 05-JV-11272138-059 and NSF EF-0622770. The authors thank
Allison Wickland, Kerri Frangioso, Jason Kreitler, Patrick Jantz, and
Theresa Nogeire for their help collecting field data. We gratefully
acknowledge administrative support from staff at UCSB's Institute for
Computational Earth System Science.
NR 59
TC 24
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD MAY 25
PY 2010
VL 259
IS 12
BP 2342
EP 2354
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.03.007
PG 13
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 604UJ
UT WOS:000278303700012
ER
PT J
AU Barrio-Amoros, CL
Mesa, J
Brewer-Carias, C
Mcdiarmid, RW
AF Barrio-Amoros, Cesar L.
Mesa, Javier
Brewer-Carias, Charles
Mcdiarmid, Roy W.
TI A new Pristimantis (Anura, Terrarana, Strabomantidae) from Churi-tepui
in the Chimanta massif, Venezuelan Guayana
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE Pristimantis; new species; Guiana Shield; Venezuela; tepui; Chimanta
massif
AB A new species of the genus Pristimantis is described from Churi tepui, in the Chimanta massif, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. The new species was discovered during the Muchimuk Expedition 2009, an ongoing speleological exploration of the Charles Brewer cave system, the largest sandstone cave on Earth. The species is known from only one female, collected near the mouth of the Muchimuk cave, in "non-gramineous tubiform meadows". The new species can be distinguished from other Pristimantis on the highlands of the Guiana Shield by its unique coloration, indistinct tympanum, dorsal and ventral skin smooth, well-developed lateral fringes on the fingers and toes, and basal webbing on Toes III-V.
C1 [Barrio-Amoros, Cesar L.] Fdn AndigenA, Merida 5101A, Venezuela.
[Barrio-Amoros, Cesar L.; Mesa, Javier; Brewer-Carias, Charles] Fdn Explora, Caracas 1050A, Venezuela.
[Mcdiarmid, Roy W.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
RP Barrio-Amoros, CL (reprint author), Fdn AndigenA, Apartado Postal 210, Merida 5101A, Venezuela.
EM cesarlba@yahoo.com
FU Charles Brewer Cave system
FX We deeply thank Igor Elorza who collected the specimen. The species
could not have been found without the cooperation of the following
persons who participated in and/or funded the exploration of the Charles
Brewer Cave system in the Chimanta massif (alphabetically): Marek Audy,
Hernan Biord, Charles Brewer Capriles, Luis Alberto Carnicero, Alfredo
Chacon, Francisco Delascio, Ricardo Guerrero, Vicente Marcano, Federico
Mayoral, Branislav Smida, Francisco Tamayo, Alberto Tovar; we deeply
thank the extraordinary expertise of the helicopter pilot Ben Williams.
The senior author thanks the curators of the collections that provided
specimens: J. Celsa Senaris and Fernando Rojas-Runjaic (MHNLS),
Francisco Bisbal, Ramon Rivero and Edward Camargo (EBRG), and Mercedes
Salazar (MBUCV). We thank William E. Duellman who corrected and adapted
the English text.
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD MAY 25
PY 2010
IS 2483
BP 35
EP 44
PG 10
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 600UJ
UT WOS:000278014100003
ER
PT J
AU Polinski, MP
Drennan, JD
Batts, WN
Ireland, SC
Cain, KD
AF Polinski, Mark P.
Drennan, John D.
Batts, William N.
Ireland, Susan C.
Cain, Kenneth D.
TI Establishment and partial characterization of a cell line from burbot
Lota lota maculosa: susceptibility to IHNV, IPNV and VHSV
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cell line; Burbot; Viral susceptibility; IHNV; IPNV; VHSV
ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; FISH; CYTOTOXICITY; REVEALS
AB This study describes the development and partial characterization of a continuous fibroblastic-like cell line (REF-1) developed from late stage embryos of North American burbot Lota Iota maculosa. This cell line has been maintained for over 5 yr and 100 passages in vitro. Cells were cultured using Eagle's minimum essential medium with Earle's salts (MEM) supplemented with GlutaMAX(TM), and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), pH 7.4. The addition of penicillin-streptomycinneomycin (PSN) antibiotic mixture (0.05, 0.05, 0.1 mg ml(-1), respectively) did not negatively influence cell replication; however, the antimycotic Fungizone(TM) (2.5 mu g ml(-1), amphotericin B) caused cell rounding and resulted in a severe decrease in cell proliferation. Optimal incubation temperature has been observed between 15 and 23 degrees C, and at these temperatures cultures are routinely passed using standard trypsinization methods every 5 to 7 d at a split. ratio of 1:3 or 1:4. The cell line was susceptible to isolates of the M and U North American genotypes of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and to isolates of genotypes I, IVa, and IVb of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). In contrast, the cell line was refractory to infection by 2 North American isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) from serotypes A1 and A9. This cell line provides a new laboratory tool, will allow further investigation into viral diseases of burbot and possibly other species, and is the first immortalized cell line reported from a species in the Gadidae (cod) family.
C1 [Polinski, Mark P.; Cain, Kenneth D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
[Drennan, John D.] Intervet Schering Plough Anim Hlth, Elkhorn, NE 68022 USA.
[Batts, William N.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Ireland, Susan C.] Kootenai Tribe Idaho, Bonners Ferry, ID 83805 USA.
RP Cain, KD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Box 1102, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
EM kcain@uidaho.edu
FU Kootenai Tribe of Idaho through Bonneville Power Administration
[198806400, 30729, 37267]; United States Geological Survey
FX Funding for this work was provided by the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
through contracts with Bonneville Power Administration (Project
#198806400/Contract #30729 and 37267) and the United States Geological
Survey. We thank N. Lindstrom for laboratory assistance with cell
culture procedures and J. Winton at the Western Fish Disease Laboratory,
along with A. Norton at the University of Idaho Department of
Microbiology Molecular Biology and Biochemistry for critical help in the
capturing cell culture images. Assistance with karyotypic analysis was
given by G. Thorgaard and P. Wheeler at Washington State University.
NR 37
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 7
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD MAY 18
PY 2010
VL 90
IS 1
BP 15
EP 23
DI 10.3354/dao02215
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 611ZA
UT WOS:000278862800002
PM 20597426
ER
PT J
AU Metzger, DC
Elliott, DG
Wargo, A
Park, LK
Purcell, MK
AF Metzger, David C.
Elliott, Diane G.
Wargo, Andrew
Park, Linda K.
Purcell, Maureen K.
TI Pathological and immunological responses associated with differential
survival of Chinook salmon following Renibacterium salmoninarum
challenge
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bacterial kidney disease; BKD; Histopathology; Reverse-transcriptase
quantitative PCR; Interferon; Immune-mediated pathology; Resistance;
Tolerance
ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS;
LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RAINBOW-TROUT; TRANSFERRIN GENOTYPES;
GENETIC-VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; LAKE-MICHIGAN; COHO SALMON;
TSHAWYTSCHA
AB Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are highly susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Previously we demonstrated that introduced Chinook salmon from Lake Michigan, Wisconsin (WI), USA, have higher survival following R. salmoninarum challenge relative to the progenitor stock from Green River, Washington, USA. In the present study, we investigated the pathological and immunological responses that are associated with differential survival in the 2 Chinook salmon stocks following intra-peritoneal R. salmoninarum challenge of 2 different cohort years (2003 and 2005). Histological evaluation revealed delayed appearance of severe granulomatous lesions in the kidney and lower overall prevalence of membranous glomerulopathy in the higher surviving WI stock. The higher survival WI stock had a lower bacterial load at 28 d post-infection, as measured by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). However, at all other time points, bacterial load levels were similar despite higher mortality in the more susceptible Green River stock, suggesting the possibility that the stocks may differ in their tolerance to infection by the bacterium. Interferon-gamma, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Mx-1, and transferrin gene expression were up-regulated in both stocks following challenge. A trend of higher iNOS gene expression at later time points (>= 28 d post-infection) was observed in the lower surviving Green River stock, suggesting the possibility that higher iNOS expression may contribute to greater pathology in that stock.
C1 [Metzger, David C.; Elliott, Diane G.; Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Metzger, David C.; Park, Linda K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Wargo, Andrew] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM mpurcell@usgs.gov
RI PONNERASSERY, Sudheesh/C-4589-2014;
OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433
FU US Geological Survey, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA); Great
Lake Fisheries Trust [2008.966]
FX The authors are grateful for the support provided by S. Marcquenski
(Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources) and M. Wilson (Washington
Department of Fish and Wildlife). The authors acknowledge the technical
assistance of S. Alcorn, A. L. Murray, L. M. Applegate, C. McKibben, and
C. Conway at the Western Fisheries Research Center. Funding for this
project was provided by the US Geological Survey, National Marine
Fisheries Service (NOAA), and the Great Lake Fisheries Trust (Project
No. 2008.966). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this
publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such
use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US
Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or
service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable,
NR 37
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 16
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD MAY 18
PY 2010
VL 90
IS 1
BP 31
EP 41
DI 10.3354/dao02214
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 611ZA
UT WOS:000278862800004
PM 20597428
ER
PT J
AU Verplanck, PL
Furlong, ET
Gray, JL
Phillips, PJ
Wolf, RE
Esposito, K
AF Verplanck, Philip L.
Furlong, Edward T.
Gray, James L.
Phillips, Patrick J.
Wolf, Ruth E.
Esposito, Kathleen
TI Evaluating the Behavior of Gadolinium and Other Rare Earth Elements
through Large Metropolitan Sewage Treatment Plants
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ANTHROPOGENIC GADOLINIUM; HOSPITAL EFFLUENTS;
MASS BALANCES; RIVER WATERS; PHARMACEUTICALS; SURFACE; SEA; BAY; GD
AB A primary pathway for emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroids, and hormones) to enter aquatic ecosystems is effluent from sewage treatment plants (STP), and identifying technologies to minimize the amount of these contaminants released is important. Quantifying the flux of these contaminants through STPs is difficult. This study evaluates the behavior of gadolinium, a rare earth element (REE) utilized as a contrasting agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), through four full-scale metropolitan STPs that utilize several biosolids thickening, conditioning, stabilization, and dewatering processing technologies. The organically complexed Gd from MRIs has been shown to be stable in aquatic systems and has the potential to be utilized as a conservative tracer in STP operations to compare to an emerging contaminant of interest Influent and effluent waters display large enrichments in Gd compared to other REEs. In contrast, most sludge samples from the STPs do not display Gd enrichments, including primary sludges and end-product sludges. The excess Gd appears to remain in the liquid phase throughout the SIP operations, but detailed quantification of the input Gd load and residence times of various SIP operations is needed to utilize Gd as a conservative tracer.
C1 [Verplanck, Philip L.; Furlong, Edward T.; Gray, James L.; Wolf, Ruth E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Phillips, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Esposito, Kathleen] AECOM, New York, NY USA.
RP Verplanck, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM plv@usgs.gov
RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Gray, James/I-8136-2012
OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603;
FU U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and Mineral
Resources Program; Water Environmental Research Foundation [04-HHE-6]
FX Partial funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic
Substances Hydrology Program and Mineral Resources Program and the Water
Environmental Research Foundation (grant 04-HHE-6). Use of commercial or
trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute
endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. We would like to thank P. J.
Lamothe, H. E. Taylor, and three anonymous reviewers for providing
helpful reviews of the manuscript and D. A. Dzombak for his editorial
handling.
NR 24
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 3
U2 36
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 10
BP 3876
EP 3882
DI 10.1021/es903888t
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 593YP
UT WOS:000277499500037
PM 20397691
ER
PT J
AU Barnard, PL
Warrick, JA
AF Barnard, Patrick L.
Warrick, Jonathan A.
TI Dramatic beach and nearshore morphological changes due to extreme
flooding at a wave-dominated river mouth
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE coastal; river; flood; beach; nearshore; delta
ID COASTAL SEDIMENT BUDGETS; SAND WAVES; CALIFORNIA RIVERS; LITTORAL CELL;
NILE-DELTA; INLET; MORPHODYNAMICS; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION; DISCHARGE
AB Record flooding on the Santa Clara River of California (USA) during January 2005 injected similar to 5 million m(3) of littoral-grade sediment into the Santa Barbara Littoral Cell, approximately an order of magnitude more than both the average annual river loads and the average annual alongshore littoral transport in this portion of the cell. This event appears to be the largest sediment transport event on record for a Southern California river. Over 170 m of local shoreline (mean high water (MHW)) progradation was observed as a result of the flood, followed by 3 years of rapid local shoreline recession. During this post-flood stage, linear regression-determined shoreline change rates are up to (-)45 m a(-1) on the subaerial beach (MHW) and -114 m a(-1) on the submarine delta (6 m isobath). Starting approximately 1 km downdrift of the river mouth, shoreline progradation persisted throughout the 3-year post-flood monitoring period, with rates up to + 19 m a(-1). Post-flood bathymetric surveys show nearshore (0 to 12 m depth) erosion on the delta exceeding 400 m(3)/m a(-1), more than an order of magnitude higher than mean seasonal cross-shore sediment transport rates in the region. Changes were not constant with depth, however; sediment accumulation and subsequent erosion on the delta were greatest at -5 to -8 m, and accretion in downdrift areas was greatest above -2 m. Thus, this research shows that the topographic bulge (or "wave") of sediment exhibited both advective and diffusive changes with time, although there were significant variations in the rates of change with depth. The advection and diffusion of the shoreline position was adequately reproduced with a simple "one line" model, although these modeling techniques miss the important cross-shore variations observed in this area. This study illustrates the importance of understanding low-frequency, high volume coastal discharge events for understanding short- and long-term sediment supply, littoral transport, and beach and nearshore evolution in coastal systems adjacent to river mouths. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Barnard, Patrick L.; Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM pbarnard@usgs.gov
FU Beach Erosion Authority for Clean Oceans and Nourishment (BEACON),
California Department of Boating and Waterways; USGS; United States Army
Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District
FX This study was primarily funded by the Beach Erosion Authority for Clean
Oceans and Nourishment (BEACON) through a grant from the California
Department of Boating and Waterways. However, the project also benefited
greatly from the internal support of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology
Program, and additional funding from United States Army Corps of
Engineers, Los Angeles District. Tom Reiss, Gerry Hatcher, Jodi
Eshleman, Jeff Hansen, Jackson Currie, Kate Dallas, Dan Hoover, and Dave
Revell assisted in the field. San Buenaventura Lifeguard Headquarters
and California State Parks provided field logistical support. Thanks to
BEACON, especially Jim Bailard, for providing all survey data prior to
the January 2005 flood. Thanks also to Corey Olfe and Bill O'Reilly at
Scripps' Coastal Data Information Program for providing nearshore wave
model results. Dan Hoover, Jeff Hansen, and Edwin Elias provided helpful
internal reviews.
NR 49
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 271
IS 1-2
BP 131
EP 148
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.01.018
PG 18
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 588WD
UT WOS:000277104300012
ER
PT J
AU Lu, N
Godt, JW
Wu, DT
AF Lu, Ning
Godt, Jonathan W.
Wu, David T.
TI A closed-form equation for effective stress in unsaturated soil
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SHEAR-STRENGTH; TENSILE-STRENGTH; SATURATED SOILS; SUCTION; MODEL;
FRAMEWORK
AB We propose that the recently conceptualized suction stress characteristic curve represents the effective stress for the shear strength behavior of unsaturated soil. Mechanically, suction stress is the interparticle stress called tensile stress. The working hypothesis is that the change in the energy of soil water from its free water state is mostly consumed in suction stress. We demonstrate that the suction stress lies well within the framework of continuum mechanics where free energy is the basis for any thermodynamic formulation. Available experimental data on soil water characteristic curves and suction stress characteristic curves are used to test the hypothesis, thus validating a closed-form equation for effective stress in unsaturated soil. The proposed closed-form equation is intrinsically related to the soil water characteristic curve by two pore parameters: the air entry pressure and pore size spectrum number. Both semiquantitative and quantitative validations show that the proposed closed-form equation well represents effective stress for a variety of earth materials ranging from sands to clays. Of important practical implications are (1) the elimination of the need for any new shear strength criterion for unsaturated soil, (2) the elimination of the need for determining the Bishop's effective stress parameter c because the new form of effective stress is solely a function of soil suction, and (3) the ready extension of all classical soil mechanics work on limit equilibrium analysis to unsaturated soil conditions.
C1 [Lu, Ning] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Wu, David T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Wu, David T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Lu, N (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, 1600 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM ninglu@mines.edu; jgodt@usgs.gov; dwu@mines.edu
FU National Science Foundation [NSF-CMMI-0855783]
FX We would like to thank William Schulz and Homa Lee of the U.S.
Geological Survey for their critical, thorough, and stimulating reviews.
The funding for this research is provided by a grant from National
Science Foundation (NSF-CMMI-0855783).
NR 37
TC 132
Z9 137
U1 7
U2 62
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAY 15
PY 2010
VL 46
AR W05515
DI 10.1029/2009WR008646
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 596TX
UT WOS:000277709500001
ER
PT J
AU Goss, AR
Perfit, MR
Ridley, WI
Rubin, KH
Kamenov, GD
Soule, SA
Fundis, A
Fornari, DJ
AF Goss, A. R.
Perfit, M. R.
Ridley, W. I.
Rubin, K. H.
Kamenov, G. D.
Soule, S. A.
Fundis, A.
Fornari, D. J.
TI Geochemistry of lavas from the 2005-2006 eruption at the East Pacific
Rise, 9 degrees 46 ' N-9 degrees 56 ' N: Implications for ridge crest
plumbing and decadal changes in magma chamber compositions
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE mid-ocean ridge basalt; East Pacific Rise; eruption; trace elements;
radiogenic isotopes; fractional crystallization
ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; SPREADING MIDOCEAN RIDGES; CRUSTAL EMPLACEMENT PROCESSES;
OMAN OPHIOLITE IMPLICATIONS; ISOTOPE-RATIO MEASUREMENT; YOUNG
OCEANIC-CRUST; SEISMIC LAYER 2A; DEPTH POINT DATA; PUU-OO ERUPTION;
SEA-FLOOR
AB Detailed mapping, sampling, and geochemical analyses of lava flows erupted from an similar to 18 km long section of the northern East Pacific Rise (EPR) from 9 degrees 46'N to 9 degrees 56'N during 2005-2006 provide unique data pertaining to the short-term thermochemical changes in a mid-ocean ridge magmatic system. The 2005-2006 lavas are typical normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt with strongly depleted incompatible trace element patterns with marked negative Sr and Eu/Eu* anomalies and are slightly more evolved than lavas erupted in 1991-1992 at the same location on the EPR. Spatial geochemical differences show that lavas from the northern and southern limits of the 2005-2006 eruption are more evolved than those erupted in the central portion of the fissure system. Similar spatial patterns observed in 1991-1992 lavas suggest geochemical gradients are preserved over decadal time scales. Products of northern axial and off-axis fissure eruptions are consistent with the eruption of cooler, more fractionated lavas that also record a parental melt component not observed in the main suite of 2005-2006 lavas. Radiogenic isotopic ratios for 2005-2006 lavas fall within larger isotopic fields defined for young axial lavas from 9 degrees N to 10 degrees N EPR, including those from the 1991-1992 eruption. Geochemical data from the 2005-2006 eruption are consistent with an invariable mantle source over the spatial extent of the eruption and petrogenetic processes (e.g., fractional crystallization and magma mixing) operating within the crystal mush zone and axial magma chamber (AMC) before and during the 13 year repose period. Geochemical modeling suggests that the 2005-2006 lavas represent differentiated residual liquids from the 1991-1992 eruption that were modified by melts added from deeper within the crust and that the eruption was not initiated by the injection of hotter, more primitive basalt directly into the AMC. Rather, the eruption was driven by AMC pressurization from persistent or episodic addition of more evolved magma from the crystal mush zone into the overlying subridge AMC during the period between the two eruptions. Heat balance calculations of a hydrothermally cooled AMC support this model and show that continual addition of melt from the mush zone was required to maintain a sizable AMC over this time interval.
C1 [Goss, A. R.; Perfit, M. R.; Kamenov, G. D.; Fundis, A.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Ridley, W. I.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Rubin, K. H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Soule, S. A.; Fornari, D. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Goss, AR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, 241 Williamson Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM argoss@ufl.edu; mperfit@ufl.edu; iridley@usgs.gov; krubin@hawaii.edu;
kamenov@ufl.edu; ssoule@whoi.edu; afundis@ufl.edu; dfornari@whoi.edu
RI Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011
OI Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611
FU NSF [OCE-0525863., OCE-0732366, OCE-0636469, OCE-0138088]; University of
Florida
FX We thank the officers and crews of the R/V Knorr, R/V New Horizon, R/V
Atlantis, and Alvin shipboard operations groups, who all contributed to
the success of 2005-2006 East Pacific Rise eruptions expeditionary
campaigns as well as the other chief scientists for the cruises, J.
Cowen, K. Von Damm, T. Shank, S. White, and E. Klein. Two constructive
reviews by Lawrence Coogan and Emily Klein improved the final version of
this manuscript, as did numerous discussions with V. Dorsey Wanless and
Bailey Trump. This work has been supported by NSF grants OCE-0525863 and
OCE-0732366 (D. J. Fornari and S. A. Soule), OCE-0636469 (K. H. Rubin),
and OCE-0138088 (M. R. Perfit), as well as postdoctoral fellowship funds
from the University of Florida. W.I.R. publishes with permission of the
Director, U. S. Geological Survey.
NR 156
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 2
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD MAY 12
PY 2010
VL 11
AR Q05T09
DI 10.1029/2009GC002977
PG 35
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 596RU
UT WOS:000277703800002
ER
PT J
AU Gray, ST
McCabe, GJ
AF Gray, Stephen T.
McCabe, Gregory J.
TI A combined water balance and tree ring approach to understanding the
potential hydrologic effects of climate change in the central Rocky
Mountain region
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; MODEL; PRECIPITATION;
VARIABILITY; RESOURCES; RUNOFF; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; DROUGHT
AB Models suggest that average temperatures in the central Rocky Mountains will increase by >3 degrees C over the next century, while precipitation may remain within late Holocene boundaries. This study investigates the potential hydrologic effects of such warming when combined with the full range of precipitation variability experienced over the past millennium. Using the upper Yellowstone drainage as a test case, a water balance model is constructed to estimate river discharge from precipitation and temperature inputs (r = 0.85 versus observed). The model then was run using tree ring precipitation estimates for 1177-1910 and 1911-1995 A. D. combined with (1) average observed temperatures 1896-1995; (2) reconstructed Northern Hemisphere temperatures since 1177; or (3) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature projections for 2025, 2050, and 2100. Discharge estimates generated by driving the model with tree ring precipitation for 1911-1995 and observed temperatures served as a baseline for comparisons with other climate runoff scenarios. All combinations of the various temperature scenarios and pre-1911 precipitation resulted in mean discharge below the gauge period baseline. Projected temperatures for 2050 and 2100 produced the lowest mean discharge at 85% and 76% of baseline, respectively. Combining observed temperatures with the paleoprecipitation scenarios created numerous multidecadal periods with discharge <85% of baseline. Discharge during these same multidecadal droughts declined an additional 16-34% under the 2025-2100 temperature regimes. Likewise inherent multidecadal precipitation variability adds a large degree of nonstationarity to the climate change responses seen in discharge estimates. While this combined tree ring and water balance scenario exercise does not provide precise forecasts for future conditions, these results suggest that a 1 degrees-3 degrees C warming could have major negative effects on water availability in the upper Yellowstone. These results also indicate that twentieth-century observations paint an incomplete and potentially overly optimistic picture of regional water supplies.
C1 [Gray, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Gray, ST (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Dep 3943,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
EM sgray8@uwyo.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Research Council; NSF [0620793];
Wyoming Water Development Office
FX S. T. Gray was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Research
Council Research Associateship Program, NSF Geography and Regional
Science Program (grant 0620793), and the Wyoming Water Development
Office. We thank L. Graumlich, J. King, L. Waggoner, D. Perkins, and F.
Biondi for contributions of tree ring data and C. Nicholson, M. Ogden,
and S. Laursen for lab and technical assistance. We also thank R.
Emmanuel, M. Keables, S. Gangopadhyay, and two anonymous colleagues for
their helpful reviews.
NR 51
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAY 6
PY 2010
VL 46
AR W05513
DI 10.1029/2008WR007650
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 636OI
UT WOS:000280746800001
ER
PT J
AU Lu, Z
Dzurisin, D
Biggs, J
Wicks, C
McNutt, S
AF Lu, Zhong
Dzurisin, Daniel
Biggs, Juliet
Wicks, Charles, Jr.
McNutt, Steve
TI Ground surface deformation patterns, magma supply, and magma storage at
Okmok volcano, Alaska, from InSAR analysis: 1. Intereruption
deformation, 1997-2008
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; 1997 ERUPTION; LAVA FLOWS; INTERFEROMETRY;
VOLUME; MODEL; ETNA
AB Starting soon after the 1997 eruption at Okmok volcano and continuing until the start of the 2008 eruption, magma accumulated in a storage zone centered similar to 3.5 km beneath the caldera floor at a rate that varied with time. A Mogi-type point pressure source or finite sphere with a radius of 1 km provides an adequate fit to the deformation field portrayed in time-sequential interferometric synthetic aperture radar images. From the end of the 1997 eruption through summer 2004, magma storage increased by 3.2-4.5 x 10(7) m(3), which corresponds to 75-85% of the magma volume erupted in 1997. Thereafter, the average magma supply rate decreased such that by 10 July 2008, 2 days before the start of the 2008 eruption, magma storage had increased by 3.7-5.2 x 10(7) m(3) or 85-100% of the 1997 eruption volume. We propose that the supply rate decreased in response to the diminishing pressure gradient between the shallow storage zone and a deeper magma source region. Eventually the effects of continuing magma supply and vesiculation of stored magma caused a critical pressure threshold to be exceeded, triggering the 2008 eruption. A similar pattern of initially rapid inflation followed by oscillatory but generally slowing inflation was observed prior to the 1997 eruption. In both cases, withdrawal of magma during the eruptions depressurized the shallow storage zone, causing significant volcano-wide subsidence and initiating a new intereruption deformation cycle.
C1 [Lu, Zhong; Dzurisin, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[Biggs, Juliet] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[McNutt, Steve] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Wicks, Charles, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Vancouver, WA USA.
RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM lu@usgs.gov
RI Biggs, Juliet/D-4599-2011; NCEO, COMET+`/A-3443-2013
FU NASA [2005-0021]; USGS
FX Original ERS-2 and Envisat SAR raw data are copyrighted by the European
Space Agency (ESA) 1997-2008 and were provided by Alaska Satellite
Facility (ASF) and ESA. Original Radarsat-1 raw data are copyrighted by
the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and were provided by ASF. This work is
supported by NASA's Earth Surface and Interiors (ESI) program through
grant 2005-0021, and by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program and Land Remote
Sensing Program. We thank ESA and ASF for their outstanding support in
providing SAR data on a timely basis, M. Lisowski and W. McCausland for
technical reviews and T. Fournier for discussion of CGPS data and
analysis. Constructive comments from Associate Editor R. Lohman and two
anonymous reviewers have improved the manuscript.
NR 40
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U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAY 5
PY 2010
VL 115
AR B00B02
DI 10.1029/2009JB006969
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 593SD
UT WOS:000277479900004
ER
PT J
AU Lu, Z
Dzurisin, D
AF Lu, Zhong
Dzurisin, Daniel
TI Ground surface deformation patterns, magma supply, and magma storage at
Okmok volcano, Alaska, from InSAR analysis: 2. Coeruptive deflation,
July-August 2008
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; 1997 ERUPTION; INTERFEROMETRY
AB A hydrovolcanic eruption near Cone D on the floor of Okmok caldera, Alaska, began on 12 July 2008 and continued until late August 2008. The eruption was preceded by inflation of a magma reservoir located beneath the center of the caldera and similar to 3 km below sea level (bsl), which began immediately after Okmok's previous eruption in 1997. In this paper we use data from several radar satellites and advanced interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques to produce a suite of 2008 coeruption deformation maps. Most of the surface deformation that occurred during the eruption is explained by deflation of a Mogi-type source located beneath the center of the caldera and 2-3 km bsl, i.e., essentially the same source that inflated prior to the eruption. During the eruption the reservoir deflated at a rate that decreased exponentially with time with a 1/e time constant of similar to 13 days. We envision a sponge-like network of interconnected fractures and melt bodies that in aggregate constitute a complex magma storage zone beneath Okmok caldera. The rate at which the reservoir deflates during an eruption may be controlled by the diminishing pressure difference between the reservoir and surface. A similar mechanism might explain the tendency for reservoir inflation to slow as an eruption approaches until the pressure difference between a deep magma production zone and the reservoir is great enough to drive an intrusion or eruption along the caldera ring-fracture system.
C1 [Lu, Zhong; Dzurisin, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, EROS Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM lu@usgs.gov
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0350028]; NASA [2005-0021]; USGS;
Land Remote Sensing Program
FX ERS-2 SAR data are copyrighted by the European space Agency (ESA) and
were provided by the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF). Envisat SAR data
are copyrighted ESA and were provided by ESA under AOE-567 and
CAT1-2765. Some of the 2008 Envisat images were tasked by the UNAVCO
Plate Boundary Observatory for the EarthScope Project supported by the
U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-0350028). Radarsat-1 SAR data are
copyrighted by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and were provided by the
Canadian Center for Remote Sensing (CCRS). ALOS SAR data are copyrighted
by JAXA/METI and were provided by ASF and JAXA. This work was supported
by NASA's Earth Surface and Interiors (ESI) program through grant
2005-0021, and by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program and Land Remote
Sensing Program. We thank ESA, ASF, JAXA, and CCRS (B. Brisco) for
providing SAR data; C. Wicks for consultation on deformation modeling;
H. S. Jung for help with MAI processing; T. Fournier and J. Freymueller
for discussion of CGPS data and analysis; and M. Poland, M. Lisowski,
and W. Scott for helpful technical reviews. Constructive comments from
Associate Editor R. Lohman and two anonymous reviewers have improved the
manuscript.
NR 25
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U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAY 5
PY 2010
VL 115
AR B00B03
DI 10.1029/2009JB006970
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 593SD
UT WOS:000277479900005
ER
PT J
AU Mcwilliams, CK
Walsh, GJ
Wintsch, RP
AF Mcwilliams, Cory K.
Walsh, Gregory J.
Wintsch, Robert P.
TI SILURIAN-DEVONIAN AGE AND TECTONIC SETTING OF THE CONNECTICUT
VALLEY-GASPE TROUGH IN VERMONT BASED ON U-Pb SHRIMP ANALYSES OF DETRITAL
ZIRCONS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Detrital zircon; Geochronology; Connecticut Valley-Gaspe trough; Waits
River Formation; Gile Mountain Formation
ID CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; SOUTHERN QUEBEC APPALACHIANS; INTERNAL HUMBER ZONE;
SUD FAULT ZONE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; EASTERN VERMONT;
TECTONOSEDIMENTARY HISTORY; CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS; ACADIAN METAMORPHISM
AB U-Pb SHRIMP ages of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks of the Connecticut Valley-Gaspe trough in Vermont corroborate a Silurian-Devonian age of deposition for these strata and constrain their provenances. Ages of randomly selected detrital zircons obtained from quartzites within the Waits River and Gile Mountain Formations range from Archean to Devonian with Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ordovician, and Silurian age populations suggesting both eastern and western sources of the sediments. The two youngest single-grain detrital zircon ages from samples collected in the Waits River Formation are 418 +/- 7 and 415 +/- 2 Ma. The youngest single-grain detrital zircon age from the eastern part of the Gile Mountain Formation is 411 +/- 8. The youngest detrital zircons from the western portion of the Gile Mountain Formation comprise an age population with a weighted average of 409 +/- 5 Ma. These similar to 409 Ma zircons are likely of volcanic origin, perhaps derived from the Piscataquis magmatic belt to the east. The absence of younger volcanic zircons in the coarser-grained eastern facies of the Gile Mountain Formation suggests the eastern sediments are older and were buried during Piscataquis volcanism and deposition in the west.
The shift in protoliths from calcareous silts and muds of the Waits River Formation to quartzo-feldspathic sands of the Gile Mountain Formation implies a change from a continental slope-like depositional environment to a near-shore or terrestrial environment of deposition. This change supports a transition in the nature of the basin from an intercontinental back-arc extensional setting to a foreland basin setting. Maximum depositional ages of sediments above and below this facies boundary constrain the timing of transition in basin style between about 415 and 411 Ma. Given the timing of the approaching Acadian wedge, this shift in basin style likely reflects westward migration of thrust sheets during the Acadian orogeny. The fine-grained nature of the youngest silts, muds and turbidites suggests that sedimentation occurred in increasingly deeper water. The implied basin subsidence was likely caused by lithospheric flexure as the Acadian wedge approached from the east. The timing of this subsidence is constrained to be younger than the youngest zircons at about 409 Ma.
C1 [Mcwilliams, Cory K.] Chevron N Amer Explorat & Prod Co, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA.
[Walsh, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA.
[Wintsch, Robert P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
RP Mcwilliams, CK (reprint author), Chevron N Amer Explorat & Prod Co, 9525 Camino Media, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA.
EM CoryMcWilliams@chevron.com
FU Geological Society of America; New England Intercollegiate Geologic
Conference Marland Pratt Billings and Katharine Fowler-Billings Fund for
Research in New England Geology; United States Geological Survey;
National Science Foundation [EAR-0510293]; Indiana University Department
of Geological Sciences
FX The authors would like to thank J. Aleinikoff, P. Karabinos, D. Rankin,
J. Slack, and C. van Staal for reviews on earlier drafts that greatly
improved this paper. Thanks to S. Dee for sample preparation, J.
Schieber for help with SEM imaging, J. Aleinikoff for advice on
analysis, and F. Mazdab for help using the SHRIMP-RG. This research was
partially supported by the Geological Society of America Grants in Aid
of Research, the New England Intercollegiate Geologic Conference Marland
Pratt Billings and Katharine Fowler-Billings Fund for Research in New
England Geology, the United States Geological Survey, the National
Science Foundation grant EAR-0510293 to Wintsch and Dorais, and by the
Indiana University Department of Geological Sciences.
NR 64
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U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE
PI NEW HAVEN
PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA
SN 0002-9599
EI 1945-452X
J9 AM J SCI
JI Am. J. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 310
IS 5
BP 325
EP 363
DI 10.2475/05.2010.01
PG 39
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 638HO
UT WOS:000280884400001
ER
PT J
AU O'Brien, VA
Meteyer, CU
Reisen, WK
Ip, HS
Brown, CR
AF O'Brien, Valerie A.
Meteyer, Carol U.
Reisen, William K.
Ip, Hon S.
Brown, Charles R.
TI Prevalence and Pathology of West Nile Virus in Naturally Infected House
Sparrows, Western Nebraska, 2008
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID BUGGY-CREEK-VIRUS; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; PASSER-DOMESTICUS L;
NEW-YORK-CITY; CALIFORNIA BIRDS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ARBOVIRUS
INFECTION; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; MOURNING DOVES; HALE COUNTY
AB Nestling birds are rarely sampled in the field for most arboviruses, yet they may be important in arbovirus amplification cycles. We sampled both nestling and adult house sparrows (Passer (domesticus) in western Nebraska for West Nile virus (WNV) or WNV-specific antibodies throughout the summer of 2008 and describe pathology in naturally infected nestlings. Across the summer, 4% of nestling house sparrows were WNV-positiye; for the month of August alone. 12.3% were positive. Two WNV-positive nestlings exhibited encephalitis, splenomegaly, hepatic necrosis, nephrosis, and myocarditis. One nestling sparrow had large mural thrombi in the atria and ventricle and immunohistochemical staining of WNV antigen in multiple organs including the wall of the aorta and pulmonary artery; cardiac insufficiency thus may have been a cause of death. Adult house sparrows showed an overall seroprevalence of 13.8% that did not change significantly across the summer months. The WNV-positive nestlings and the majority of seropositive adults were detected within separate spatial clusters. Nestling birds, especially those reared late in the summer when WNV activity is typically greatest, may be important in virus amplification.
C1 [O'Brien, Valerie A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
[Brown, Charles R.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA.
[Meteyer, Carol U.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP O'Brien, VA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 127 Noble Res Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
EM valerie.obrien@okstate.edu; cmeteyer@usgs.gov; arbo123@pacbell.net;
hip@usgs.gov; charles-brown@utulsa.edu
FU NIH [AI057569, AI55607]; NSF [DEB-0514824]
FX The Cedar Point Biological Station of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln
provided logistical support. Immunohistochemical staining was performed
by Abbie Butler, Histology Laboratory, Department of Pathology. College
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. Eric Nelson produced the
map of the Nebraska study area. We thank Ananda Ellis, Ying Fang, Sandra
Garcia, Kristen Lear, Renee Long, and Amy Moore for field and laboratory
assistance, and Carol Fassbinder-Orth and several anonymous reviewers
for comments on the manuscript.; This work was funded by NIH grant
A1057569 and NSF grant DEB-0514824 (to CRB) and NIH grant AI55607 (to
WKR).
NR 60
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U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 5
BP 937
EP 944
DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0515
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 592UQ
UT WOS:000277406500031
PM 20439979
ER
PT J
AU White, J
Leclaire, S
Kriloff, M
Mulard, H
Hatch, SA
Danchin, E
AF White, Joel
Leclaire, Sarah
Kriloff, Marion
Mulard, Herve
Hatch, Scott A.
Danchin, Etienne
TI Sustained increase in food supplies reduces broodmate aggression in
black-legged kittiwakes
SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
LA English
DT Article
DE black-legged kittiwake; broodmate aggression; brood reduction; food
amount hypothesis; food supplementation; Rissa tridactyla; siblicide
ID BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; PREY-SIZE HYPOTHESIS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; SIBLING
AGGRESSION; BREEDING SUCCESS; DOMINANCE; SIBLICIDE; BIRDS; REDUCTION;
ASYMMETRY
AB The amount of food ingested by chicks has often been suggested as being the main proximate factor controlling broodmate aggression in facultatively siblicidal species. Although several experiments have demonstrated that short-term food deprivation causes a temporary increase in aggression, no study has, to our knowledge, experimentally manipulated overall food supplies and considered long-term effects on chick behaviour and life history traits. We provided supplemental food to breeding pairs of black-legged kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla, over an entire breeding season and compared the aggressive behaviour of their chicks with that of chicks of control pairs. Control A-chicks (first to hatch) showed more frequent and intense aggression than their experimental counterparts. Furthermore, the more A-chicks begged and the lower their growth rate the more aggressive they were. The consequences of increased aggression for B-chicks (second to hatch) were lower begging rate, lower growth rate and lower survival. We thus provide evidence that a sustained increase in food availability affects broodmate aggression and chick survival at the nest and we discuss the various proximate and ultimate causes involved in the evolution of broodmate aggression. (C) 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [White, Joel; Kriloff, Marion; Mulard, Herve] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Ecol & Evolut, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
[White, Joel; Leclaire, Sarah; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France.
[Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP White, J (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, Savoyenstr 1A, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.
EM jwhite@snv.jussieu.fr
RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011; White, Joel/D-8482-2011; Danchin,
Etienne/A-2299-2009
OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850;
FU French Polar Institute [2004-2007]; [GDR2155]
FX We thank A. Lambrechts for his assistance in the field. This study was
financed within a 4-year grant from the French Polar Institute
Paul-Emile Victor ('Programme Arctique 429' 2004-2007) and was part of
the French GDR2155 'Ecologie comportementale'. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 32
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U1 2
U2 30
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0003-3472
J9 ANIM BEHAV
JI Anim. Behav.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 79
IS 5
BP 1095
EP 1100
DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.02.003
PG 6
WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
GA 585GB
UT WOS:000276811500016
ER
PT J
AU Dick, LK
Stelzer, EA
Bertke, EE
Fong, DL
Stoeckel, DM
AF Dick, Linda K.
Stelzer, Erin A.
Bertke, Erin E.
Fong, Denise L.
Stoeckel, Donald M.
TI Relative Decay of Bacteroidales Microbial Source Tracking Markers and
Cultivated Escherichia coli in Freshwater Microcosms
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; FECAL BACTEROIDALES; BEACH SAND;
RECREATIONAL WATER; PANTOEA-STEWARTII; SURFACE-WATER; DIE-OFF;
PERSISTENCE; BACTERIA
AB Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), commonly used to regulate sanitary water quality, cannot discriminate among sources of contamination. The use of alternative quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods for monitoring fecal contamination or microbial source tracking requires an understanding of relationships with cultivated FIB, as contamination ages under various conditions in the environment. In this study, the decay rates of three Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene markers (AllBac for general contamination and qHF183 and BacHum for human-associated contamination) were compared with the decay rate of cultivated Escherichia coli in river water microcosms spiked with human wastewater. The following five sets of microcosms were monitored over 11 days: control, artificial sunlight, sediment exposure, reduced temperature, and no autochthonous predation. Decay was characterized by estimation of the time needed to produce a 2-log reduction (t(99)). No treatment-associated differences in the decay of the 4 targets were evident except with reduced predation, where E. coli, qHF183, and BacHum markers had lower levels of decay by day 3. However, there were substantial target-associated differences. Decay curves for the AllBac marker indicated a larger persistent population than those of the other targets. Exposure to sunlight, sediment, and reduced predation resulted in more rapid decay of the human-associated markers relative to cultivable E. coli, but there were no differences in t(99) values among the 4 targets under control conditions or at reduced temperatures. Further evaluation of epidemiological relationships will be needed in order to relate the markers directly to health risk. These findings suggest that the tested human-associated markers can complement E. coli as indicators of the human impact on sanitary water quality under the constrained conditions described in this paper.
C1 [Stelzer, Erin A.; Bertke, Erin E.; Stoeckel, Donald M.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Columbus, OH 43229 USA.
[Dick, Linda K.; Fong, Denise L.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Stoeckel, DM (reprint author), Don Stoeckel Environm, 3199 Indianola Ave, Columbus, OH 43202 USA.
EM don@dsH2O.com
OI Stoeckel, Don/0000-0003-3772-171X; Stelzer, Erin/0000-0001-7645-7603
FU Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO), Cincinnati, OH;
USGS cooperative water program; Ohio State University Research
Foundation
FX Research funding was provided under an agreement with the Ohio River
Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO), Cincinnati, OH, the USGS
cooperative water program, and The Ohio State University Research
Foundation.
NR 50
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U1 1
U2 44
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 10
BP 3255
EP 3262
DI 10.1128/AEM.02636-09
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 592OF
UT WOS:000277388200021
PM 20348289
ER
PT J
AU Kimball, BA
Runkel, RL
Walton-Day, K
AF Kimball, Briant A.
Runkel, Robert L.
Walton-Day, Katherine
TI An approach to quantify sources, seasonal change, and biogeochemical
processes affecting metal loading in streams: Facilitating decisions for
remediation of mine drainage
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAM; IRON PHOTOREDUCTION;
TRACER INJECTION; COLORADO; USA; CREEK; WATER; PH; SIMULATION
AB Historical mining has left complex problems in catchments throughout the world. Land managers are faced with making cost-effective plans to remediate mine influences. Remediation plans are facilitated by spatial mass-loading profiles that indicate the locations of metal mass-loading, seasonal changes, and the extent of biogeochemical processes. Field-scale experiments during both low- and high-flow conditions and time-series data over diel cycles illustrate how this can be accomplished. A low-flow experiment provided spatially detailed loading profiles to indicate where loading occurred. For example, SO(2)(4-) was principally derived from sources upstream from the study reach, but three principal locations also were important for SO(4)(2-) loading within the reach. During high-flow conditions, Lagrangian sampling provided data to interpret seasonal changes and indicated locations where snowmelt runoff flushed metals to the stream. Comparison of metal concentrations between the low- and high-flow experiments indicated substantial increases in metal loading at high flow, but little change in metal concentrations, showing that toxicity at the most downstream sampling site was not substantially greater during snowmelt runoff. During high-flow conditions, a detailed temporal sampling at fixed sites indicated that Zn concentration more than doubled during the diel cycle. Monitoring programs must account for diel variation to provide meaningful results. Mass-loading studies during different flow conditions and detailed time-series over diel cycles provide useful scientific support for stream management decisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
[Runkel, Robert L.; Walton-Day, Katherine] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
EM bkimball@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; US Bureau of
Reclamation. Planning and implementation
FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Toxic Substances
Hydrology Program and the US Bureau of Reclamation. Planning and
implementation of the work was supported by William Simon, Watershed
Coordinator of the Animas River Stake-holder Group, and Stephanie
O'Dell, US Bureau of Land Management. Winfield Wright, Sabre Duren, Paul
von Guerard, and Joy von Guerard assisted with the field work.
NR 55
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U1 0
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 5
BP 728
EP 740
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.02.005
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 609RN
UT WOS:000278674900012
ER
PT J
AU Mayer, B
Shanley, JB
Bailey, SW
Mitchell, MJ
AF Mayer, B.
Shanley, J. B.
Bailey, S. W.
Mitchell, M. J.
TI Identifying sources of stream water sulfate after a summer drought in
the Sleepers River watershed (Vermont, USA) using hydrological,
chemical, and isotopic techniques
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; SULFUR-ISOTOPE; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; OXYGEN
ISOTOPES; UNITED-STATES; STABLE SULFUR; FOREST; FRACTIONATION;
SULPHATES; OXIDATION
AB In many forested headwater catchments, peak SO(4)(2-) concentrations in stream water occur in the late summer or fall following drought potentially resulting in episodic stream acidification. The sources of highly elevated stream water SO(4)(2-) concentrations were investigated in a first order stream at the Sleepers River watershed (Vermont, USA) after the particularly dry summer of 2001 using a combination of hydrological, chemical and isotopic approaches. Throughout the summer of 2001 SO(4)(2-) concentrations in stream water doubled from similar to 130 to 270 mu eq/L while flows decreased. Simultaneously increasing Na(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations and delta(34)S values increasing from +7 parts per thousand towards those of bedrock S (similar to+10.5 parts per thousand) indicated that chemical weathering involving hydrolysis of silicates and oxidation of sulfide minerals in schists and phyllites was the cause for the initial increase in SO(4)(2-) concentrations. During re-wetting of the watershed in late September and early October of 2001, increasing stream flows were accompanied by decreasing Na(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations, but SO(4)(2-) concentrations continued to increase up to 568 mu eq/L, indicating that a major source of SO(4)(2-) in addition to bedrock weathering contributed to peak SO(4)(2-) concentrations. The further increase in SO(4)(2-) concentrations coincided with an abrupt decrease of delta(34)S values in stream water SO(4)(2-) from maximum values near +10 parts per thousand to minimum values near -3 parts per thousand. Soil investigations revealed that some C-horizons in the Spodsols of the watershed contained secondary sulfide minerals with delta(34)S values near -2 parts per thousand. The shift to negative delta(34)S values of stream water SO(4)(2-) indicates that secondary sulfides in C-horizons were oxidized to SO(4)(2-) during the particularly dry summer of 2001. The newly formed SO(4)(2-) was transported to the streams during re-wetting of the watershed contributing similar to 60% of the SO(4)(2-) during peak concentrations in the stream water. Thereafter, the contribution of SO(4)(2-) from oxidation of secondary sulfides in C-horizons decreased rapidly and pedogenic SO(4)(2-) reemerged as a dominant SO(4)(2-) source in concert with decreasing SO(4)(2-) concentrations in spring of 2002. The study provides evidence that a quantitative assessment of the sources of stream water SO(4)(2-) in forested watersheds is possible by combining hydrological, chemical and isotopic techniques, provided that the isotopic compositions of all potential SO(4)(2-) sources are distinctly different. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mayer, B.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Shanley, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA.
[Bailey, S. W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA.
[Mitchell, M. J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
RP Mayer, B (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
EM bmayer@ucalgary.ca
RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012;
OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X
FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative (NSRC); Natural Science and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); US Geological Survey's
Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB)
FX Financial support from the Northeastern States Research Cooperative
(NSRC), administered by the USDA Forest Service, the Natural Science and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the US Geological
Survey's Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program is
gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Jane Hislop of the US Forest
Service, NH, for providing archived stream samples.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 5
BP 747
EP 754
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.02.007
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 609RN
UT WOS:000278674900014
ER
PT J
AU Conaway, CH
Black, FJ
Weiss-Penzias, P
Gault-Ringold, M
Flegal, AR
AF Conaway, Christopher H.
Black, Frank J.
Weiss-Penzias, Peter
Gault-Ringold, Melanie
Flegal, A. Russell
TI Mercury speciation in Pacific coastal rainwater, Monterey Bay,
California
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Mercury; Rainwater; Precipitation; Acetate; Methylmercury
ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; DIMETHYL MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; AQUEOUS-PHASE;
METHYLMERCURY; DEPOSITION; PRECIPITATION; AIR; REDUCTION; ATLANTIC
AB We measured mercury speciation in coastal rainwater samples from Monterey Bay, California in 2007-2008 to investigate the source of monomethylmercury (MMHg) in rainwater and determine the relative importance of wet atmospheric deposition of MMHg to coastal waters compared to other sources on the central Pacific coast. Total mercury (HgT) ranged from 10 to 88 pM, with a sample mean +/- standard deviation of 33 +/- 22 pM (volume-weighted average 29 pM). MMHg concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 2.3 pM with a sample mean of 0.7 +/- 0.5 pM (volume-weighted average 0.68 pM). Reactive mercury (HgR) concentrations ranged from 0.87 to 47 pM, sample mean 7.8 +/- 8.3 pM (volume-weighted average 6.1 pM). Acetate concentration in rainwater, measured in a subset of samples, ranged from 0.34 to 3.1 mu M, and averaged 1.6 +/- 0.9 mu M (volume-weighted average 1.3 mu M). Dimethylmercury (DMHg) concentrations were below the limit of detection in air (<0.01 ng m(-3)) and rainwater (<0.05 pM). Despite previous suggestions that DMHg in upwelled ocean waters is a potential source of MMHg in coastal rainwater, MMHg in rain was not related to coastal upwelling seasons or surface water DMHg concentrations. Instead, a multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that MMHg concentrations were positively and significantly correlated (p = 0.002, adjusted R(2) = 0.88) with those of acetate and HgR. These data appear to support previous suggestions that the aqueous phase methylation of Hg(II) by acetate may be the source of MMHg in rainwater, but imply that acetate concentrations in rainwater play a more important role relative to HgR than previously hypothesized. However, the calculated chemical speciation of Hg(II) in rainwater and the minimal predicted complexation of Hg(II) by acetate suggest that the aqueous phase methylation of Hg(II) by acetate is unlikely to account for the MMHg found in precipitation, or that the mechanism of this reaction in the atmosphere differs from that previously reported (Gardfeldt et al., 2003). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Conaway, Christopher H.; Black, Frank J.; Weiss-Penzias, Peter; Gault-Ringold, Melanie; Flegal, A. Russell] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Gault-Ringold, Melanie] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand.
RP Conaway, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM cconaway@usgs.gov
RI Gault-Ringold, Melanie/H-4089-2011; Conaway, Christopher/I-1077-2012
FU Long Marine Lab; STEPS Institute, Crown College at UCSC; Center for the
Dynamics and Evolution of the Land-Sea Interface at UCSC; Packard
Endowment for Ocean Sciences and Technology through the Institute of
Marine Sciences at UCSC; W.M. Keck Foundation
FX Funding for the project was provided by the Friends of Long Marine Lab,
the STEPS Institute, Crown College at UCSC, the Center for the Dynamics
and Evolution of the Land-Sea Interface at UCSC, and a grant from the
Packard Endowment for Ocean Sciences and Technology through the
Institute of Marine Sciences at UCSC. Some analyses were made with
instrumentation provided by a grant from the W.M. Keck Foundation.
Technical support was provided by Genine Scelfo and Norman Forsberg.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 14
BP 1788
EP 1797
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.021
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 593QW
UT WOS:000277476200010
ER
PT J
AU Donner, DM
Ribic, CA
Probst, JR
AF Donner, Deahn M.
Ribic, Christine A.
Probst, John R.
TI Patch dynamics and the timing of colonization-abandonment events by male
Kirtland's Warblers in an early succession habitat
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Patch colonization; Patch abandonment; Rate of habitat turnover;
Population size; Kirtland's Warbler; Patch occupancy
ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE; CONSPECIFIC
ATTRACTION; LANDSCAPE ECOSYSTEMS; BREEDING GROUNDS; SITTA-EUROPAEA;
BIRDS; POPULATION; DISTURBANCE; SELECTION
AB Habitat colonization and abandonment affects the distribution of a species in space and time, ultimately influencing the duration of time habitat is used and the total area of habitat occupied in any given year. Both aspects have important implications to long-term conservation planning. The importance of patch isolation and area to colonization-extinction events is well studied, but little information exists on how changing regional landscape structure and population dynamics influences the variability in the timing of patch colonization and abandonment events. We used 26 years of Kirtland's Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) population data taken during a habitat restoration program (1979-2004) across its historical breeding range to examine the influence of patch attributes and temporal large-scale processes, specifically the rate of habitat turnover and fraction of occupied patches, on the year-to-year timing of patch colonization and abandonment since patch origin. We found the timing of patch colonization and abandonment was influenced by patch and large-scale regional factors. In this system, larger patches were typically colonized earlier (i.e., at a younger age) and abandoned later than smaller patches. Isolated patches (i.e., patches farther from another occupied patch) were generally colonized later and abandoned earlier. Patch habitat type affected colonization and abandonment: colonization occurred at similar patch ages between plantation and wildfire areas (9 and 8.5 years, respectively), but plantations were abandoned at earlier ages (13.9 years) than wildfire areas (16.4 years) resulting in shorter use. As the fraction of occupied patches increased, patches were colonized and abandoned at earlier ages. Patches were abandoned at older ages when the influx of new habitat patches was at low and high rates. Our results provide empirical support for the temporal influence of patch dynamics (i.e., patch destruction, creation, and succession) on local colonization and extinction processes that help explain large-scale patterns of habitat occupancy. Results highlight the need for practitioners to consider the timing of habitat restoration as well as total amount and spatial arrangement of habitat to sustain populations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Donner, Deahn M.; Probst, John R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA.
[Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Donner, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA.
EM ddonnerwright@fs.fed.us
FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station
FX This study was supported by the US Forest Service Northern Research
Station. We thank Carol Bocetti, Elaine Carlson, Dave Ewert, Dan
Kashian, Dave King, Phil Huber, Steve Sjogren, Jerry Weinrich, Jeff
Walters, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on
previous versions of the manuscript. We are also indebted to Elaine
Carlson and Keith Kintigh with the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources, and Phil Huber with the Huron-Manistee National Forest for
their guidance and assistance with historical data. Mention of trade
names does not imply endorsement by the US government.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
EI 1873-2917
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 143
IS 5
BP 1159
EP 1167
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.023
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 606LY
UT WOS:000278427700017
ER
PT J
AU Scholl, DW
von Huene, R
AF Scholl, David W.
von Huene, Roland
TI Subduction zone recycling processes and the rock record of crustal
suture zones
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ONTONG JAVA PLATEAU; SPREADING-RIDGE SUBDUCTION; ECUADOR CONVERGENT
MARGIN; MIDDLE AMERICA TRENCH; SOUTH-CENTRAL ANDES; FORE-ARC; TECTONIC
EROSION; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; NORTH-AMERICA; COSTA-RICA
C1 [Scholl, David W.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[von Huene, Roland] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Scholl, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dscholl@usgs.gov
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PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4077
J9 CAN J EARTH SCI
JI Can. J. Earth Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 5
BP 633
EP 654
DI 10.1139/E09-061
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 616QV
UT WOS:000279224800004
ER
PT J
AU Castro-Santos, T
Letcher, BH
AF Castro-Santos, Theodore
Letcher, Benjamin H.
TI Modeling migratory energetics of Connecticut River American shad (Alosa
sapidissima): implications for the conservation of an iteroparous
anadromous fish
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LIFE-HISTORY CONSEQUENCES; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ADULT
SOCKEYE-SALMON; ST-JOHN RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; SWIMMING SPEEDS;
NEW-BRUNSWICK; SPAWNING MIGRATION; WATER TEMPERATURE; ENERGY ALLOCATION
AB We present a simulation model in which individual adult migrant American shad (Alosa sapidissima) ascend the Connecticut River and spawn, and survivors return to the marine environment. Our approach synthesizes bioenergetics, reproductive biology, and behavior to estimate the effects of migratory distance and delays incurred at dams on spawning success and survival. We quantified both the magnitude of effects and the consequences of uncertainty in the estimates of input variables. Behavior, physiology, and energetics strongly affected both the distribution of spawning effort and survival to the marine environment. Delays to both upstream and downstream movements had dramatic effects on spawning success, determining total fecundity and spatial extent of spawning. Delays, combined with cues for migratory reversal, also determined the likelihood of survival. Spawning was concentrated in the immediate vicinity of dams and increased with greater migratory distance and delays to downstream migration. More research is needed on reproductive biology, behavior, energetics, and barrier effects to adequately understand the interplay of the various components of this model; it does provide a framework, however, that suggests that provision of upstream passage at dams in the absence of expeditious downstream passage may increase spawning success - but at the expense of reduced iteroparity.
C1 [Castro-Santos, Theodore; Letcher, Benjamin H.] USGS BRD Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), USGS BRD Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
EM tcastrosantos@usgs.gov
OI Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120
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PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 5
BP 806
EP 830
DI 10.1139/F10-026
PG 25
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 591RP
UT WOS:000277321000004
ER
PT J
AU Langbein, J
AF Langbein, John
TI Computer algorithm for analyzing and processing borehole strainmeter
data
SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Borehole strainmeters; Regression; Colored noise
ID GEODETIC TIME-SERIES; COLORED NOISE; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; JAPAN
AB The newly installed Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) strainmeters record signals from tectonic activity, Earth tides, and atmospheric pressure. Important information about tectonic processes may occur at amplitudes at and below tidal strains and pressure loading. If incorrect assumptions are made regarding the background noise in the strain data, then the estimates of tectonic signal amplitudes may be incorrect. Furthermore, the use of simplifying assumptions that data are uncorrelated can lead to incorrect results and pressure loading and tides may not be completely removed from the raw data. Instead, any algorithm used to process strainmeter data must incorporate the strong temporal correlations that are inherent with these data. The technique described here uses least squares but employs data covariance that describes the temporal correlation of strainmeter data. There are several advantages to this method since many parameters are estimated simultaneously. These parameters include: (1) functional terms that describe the underlying error model, (2) the tidal terms, (3) the pressure loading term(s), (4) amplitudes of offsets, either those from earthquakes or from the instrument, (5) rate and changes in rate, and (6) the amplitudes and time constants of either logarithmic or exponential curves that can characterize postseismic deformation or diffusion of fluids near the strainmeter. With the proper error model, realistic estimates of the standard errors of the various parameters are obtained: this is especially critical in determining the statistical significance of a suspected, tectonic strain signal. The program also provides a method of tracking the various adjustments required to process strainmeter data. In addition, the program provides several plots to assist with identifying either tectonic signals or other signals that may need to be removed before any geophysical signal can be identified. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Langbein, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM langbein@usgs.gov
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0098-3004
EI 1873-7803
J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK
JI Comput. Geosci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 5
BP 611
EP 619
DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2009.08.011
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA 593QH
UT WOS:000277474100005
ER
PT J
AU Camp, RJ
Pratt, TK
Gorresen, PM
Jeffrey, JJ
Woodworth, BL
AF Camp, Richard J.
Pratt, Thane K.
Gorresen, P. Marcos
Jeffrey, John J.
Woodworth, Bethany L.
TI POPULATION TRENDS OF FOREST BIRDS AT HAKALAU FOREST NATIONAL WILDLIFE
REFUGE, HAWAI'I
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE bird counts; Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge; Hawai'i; Hawaiian
forest birds; point-transect sampling; population trends
ID RAIN-FOREST; ELEVATION; INCREASE
AB The Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge was established to protect native Hawaiian forest birds, particularly endangered species. Management for forest restoration on the refuge has consisted mainly of removing feral ungulates, controlling invasive alien plants, and reforesting former pastures. To assess effects of this habitat improvement for forest birds, we estimated density annually by distance sampling and examined population trends for native and alien passerines over the 21 years since the refuge was established. We examined long-term trends and recent short-term trajectories in three study areas: (1) reforested pastureland, (2) heavily grazed open forest that was recovering, and (3) lightly grazed closed forest that was relatively intact. Three species of native birds and two species of alien birds had colonized the reforested pasture and were increasing. In the open forest, densities of all eight native species were either stable or increasing. Long-term trends for alien birds were also generally stable or increasing. Worryingly, however, during the most recent 9 years, in the open forest trajectories of native species were decreasing or inconclusive, but in the reforested pasture they generally increased. The closed forest was surveyed in only the most recent 9 years, and trajectories of native species there were mixed. Overall, long-term population trends in Hakalau are stable or increasing, contrasting with declines in most other areas of Hawai'i over the same period. However, more recent mixed results may indicate emergent problems for this important bird area.
C1 [Camp, Richard J.; Gorresen, P. Marcos] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
[Pratt, Thane K.; Woodworth, Bethany L.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
[Jeffrey, John J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
RP Camp, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
EM rick_camp@usgs.gov
OI Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X
FU Pacific Islands Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; PIERC
FX Analyses of the bird-monitoring data from Hakalau were conducted by the
Hawaii Forest Bird Interagency Database Project of the U.S. Geological
Survey-Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center (PIERC) with
collaboration from the Pacific Islands Office of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service and State of Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife.
We especially thank the managers and field biologists who collected the
data and worked so hard to maintain a core group of trained counters.
The manuscript was improved by comments from S. Conant, H. Freifeld, D.
Leonard, S. Matsuoka, L. Mehrhoff, E. VanderWerf, and two anonymous
reviewers. We also thank the numerous interns that assisted with the
preparation of data described here. The study was funded by the Pacific
Islands Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and by PIERC. Any
use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
government.
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
EI 1938-5129
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 2
BP 196
EP 212
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.080113
PG 17
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 614OO
UT WOS:000279069700002
ER
PT J
AU Boonstra, TA
Clark, ME
Reed, WL
AF Boonstra, Todd A.
Clark, Mark E.
Reed, Wendy L.
TI POSITION IN THE SEQUENCE OF LAYING, EMBRYONIC METABOLIC RATE, AND
CONSEQUENCES FOR HATCHING SYNCHRONY AND OFFSPRING SURVIVAL IN CANADA
GEESE
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Branta canadensis maxima; Canada Goose; precocial offspring; embyro;
metabolism; hatching synchrony; condition; survival
ID CELL GAS TENSIONS; LESSER SNOW GEESE; EGG-SIZE; AVIAN EMBRYOS;
OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; MARKED ANIMALS; BLACK BRANT; INCUBATION; GROWTH;
TESTOSTERONE
AB Waterfowl lay large clutches of eggs over many days, yet the offspring hatch synchronously, indicating regulatory mechanisms must aid in minimizing developmental differences among offspring. Understanding how embryos' metabolic rates vary with the sequence in which the egg is laid can provide insight into intrinsic mechanisms regulating the synchrony of hatching. Furthermore, developmental rates differing among offspring within a clutch likely have post-hatching consequences for offspring performance. We characterized variation in developmental rates within a clutch and the consequences for offspring performance in the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis maxima). We measured embryonic metabolic rates every 2 to 3 days, examined goslings' yolk reserves immediately after hatching, and conducted a cross-fostering experiment to assess plasticity in hatching synchrony and gosling survival in the 2 weeks after hatching. We found that embryonic O-2 consumption rates increased with age in an S-shaped pattern, as in other birds with precocial young. Embryos in eggs laid later in the sequence had higher metabolic rates than those in eggs laid earlier in the sequence. Yolk reserves at hatching were also lower in goslings hatched from eggs laid later in the sequence. We altered the incubation period by 1-2 days, with no effect on gosling survival in the 2 weeks after hatching. Embryos in eggs laid later consume O-2 at a higher rate and develop faster, reducing yolk reserves available at hatching. Reduced yolk reserves did not have immediate consequences for gosling survival. We hypothesize that maternal influences regulate the synchrony of hatching.
C1 [Boonstra, Todd A.; Clark, Mark E.; Reed, Wendy L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA.
RP Boonstra, TA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 200 4th St SW,Room 309, Huron, SD 57350 USA.
EM m.e.clark@ndsu.edu
FU Delta Waterfowl Foundation; American Crystal Sugar Company; North Dakota
State University; Biological Sciences Graduate Student Association at
North Dakota State University; ND EPSCOR; NSF [IOS-0445848]
FX We thank Joel Smith, Dennis Burthwick, and American Crystal Sugar
Company for access to the site and Bryan Safratowich for assistance in
the field. Funding for this project was provided by Delta Waterfowl
Foundation, American Crystal Sugar Company, North Dakota State
University, and the Biological Sciences Graduate Student Association at
North Dakota State University. This project also received partial
support from ND EPSCOR and NSF IOS-0445848 to WLR and MEC. Two anonymous
reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the
manuscript. This research was conducted in accordance with North Dakota
State University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (A0431).
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
EI 1938-5129
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 2
BP 304
EP 313
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090043
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 614OO
UT WOS:000279069700013
ER
PT J
AU Latty, CJ
Hollmen, TE
Petersen, MR
Powell, AN
Andrews, RD
AF Latty, Christopher J.
Hollmen, Tuula E.
Petersen, Margaret R.
Powell, Abby N.
Andrews, Russel D.
TI ABDOMINALLY IMPLANTED TRANSMITTERS WITH PERCUTANEOUS ANTENNAS AFFECT THE
DIVE PERFORMANCE OF COMMON EIDERS
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Common Eider; dive performance; PTT; radio telemetry; sea duck;
Somateria mollissima; transmitter effect
ID RADIO-TRANSMITTERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; FORAGING
BEHAVIOR; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; MUSCLE DAMAGE; DIVING DUCKS; HEART-RATE;
BODY-SIZE; BUOYANCY
AB Implanted transmitters have become an important tool for studying the ecology of sea ducks, but their effects remain largely undocumented. To address this, we assessed how abdominally implanted transmitters with percutaneous antennas affect the vertical dive speeds, stroke frequencies, bottom time, and dive duration of captive Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima). To establish baselines, we recorded video of six birds diving 4.9 m prior to surgery, implanted them with 38- to 47-g platform transmitter terminals, and then recorded their diving for 3.5 months after surgery to determine effects. Descent speeds were 16-25% slower and ascent speeds were 17-44% slower after surgery, and both remained below baseline at the end of the study. Dive durations were longer than baseline until day 22. On most days between 15 and 107 days after surgery, foot-stroke frequencies of birds foraging on the bottom were slower. Foot- and wing-stroke frequencies during descent and bottom time did not differ across the time series. If birds that rely on benthic invertebrates for sustenance dive slower and stay submerged longer after being implanted with a satellite transmitter, their foraging energetics may be affected. Researchers considering use of implanted transmitters with percutaneous antennas should be mindful of these effects and the possibility of concomitant alterations in diving behavior, foraging success, and migratory behavior compared to those of unmarked conspecifics.
C1 [Latty, Christopher J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Hollmen, Tuula E.; Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Hollmen, Tuula E.; Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Petersen, Margaret R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Latty, CJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Off, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
EM christopher_latty@fws.gov
OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X
FU ASLC; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center and Alaska
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
FX We thank M. Bozza, H. Cline, S. DePew, T. DiMarzio, R. Federer, H.
Ferren, A. Kilshaw, K. Mashburn, A. Riddle, D. Safine, H. Wilson, and
the endocrine, life-support, and husbandry staff at the ASLC for their
assistance. We extend special thanks to veterinarians P. Tuomi, D.
Mulcahy, and C. Goertz, as well as the entire veterinary staff at the
ASLC, without whom this study would not have been possible. We are
grateful to the ASLC, U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center and
Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service for financial and in-kind support of this project. E.
Follmann, J. Lovvorn, S. Oppel, P. Tuomi, and two anonymous reviewers
provided valuable comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product,
or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The findings and
conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 2
BP 314
EP 322
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090022
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 614OO
UT WOS:000279069700014
ER
PT J
AU Oppel, S
Powell, AN
AF Oppel, Steffen
Powell, Abby N.
TI AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL ESTIMATES OF KING EIDERS DERIVED FROM SATELLITE
TELEMETRY
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE adult survival; hatch-year survival; King Eider; natal philopatry;
satellite telemetry; Somateria spectabilis
ID JUVENILE SPECTACLED EIDERS; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA;
COMMON EIDERS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; BERING-SEA; DUCKLING SURVIVAL; BODY
CONDITION; SITE FIDELITY; BEAUFORT SEA
AB Age- and sex-specific survival and dispersal are important components in the dynamics and genetic structure of bird populations. For many avian taxa survival rates at the adult and juvenile life stages differ, but in long-lived species juveniles' survival is logistically challenging to study. We present the first estimates of hatch-year annual survival rates for a sea duck, the King Eider (Somateria spectabilis), estimated from satellite telemetry. From 2006 to 2008 we equipped pre-fledging King Eiders with satellite transmitters on breeding grounds in Alaska and estimated annual survival rates during their first 2 years of life with known-fate models. We compared those estimates to survival rates of adults marked in the same area from 2002 to 2008. Hatch-year survival varied by season during the first year of life, and model-averaged annual survival rate was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.48-0.80). We did not record any mortality during the second year and were therefore unable to estimate second-year survival rate. Adults' survival rate was constant through the year (0.94, 95% CI: 0.86-0.97). No birds appeared to breed during their second summer. While 88% of females with an active transmitter (n=9) returned to their natal area at the age of 2 years, none of the 2-year old males (n=3) did. This pattern indicates that females' natal philopatry is high and suggests that males' higher rates of dispersal may account for sex-specific differences in apparent survival rates of juvenile sea ducks when estimated with mark recapture methods.
C1 [Oppel, Steffen] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Oppel, S (reprint author), Royal Soc Protect Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England.
EM abby.powell@alaska.edu
OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789
FU Coastal Marine Institute (University of Alaska, Fairbanks); Minerals
Management Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Sea Duck Joint Venture; U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service; North Slope Borough; ConocoPhillips Alaska,
Inc.; U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit; Institute of Arctic Biology (University of Alaska,
Fairbanks); German Academic Exchange Service
FX This study was funded by the Coastal Marine Institute (University of
Alaska, Fairbanks), Minerals Management Service, and U.S. Geological
Survey (OCS Program). Further financial and technical support was
provided by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
North Slope Borough, ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., U.S. Geological Survey
Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Institute of Arctic
Biology (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), and German Academic Exchange
Service. We thank C. Scott and many veterinary and field assistants for
capture of eiders and implantation of transmitters. A. Nelson and C.
Hunter assisted with survival analysis in program MARK. The manuscript
benefited from thoughtful comments by H. Wilson, R. Alisauskas, and K.
Mehl. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
government.
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 2
BP 323
EP 330
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090199
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 614OO
UT WOS:000279069700015
ER
PT J
AU Wiley, AE
Ostrom, PH
Stricker, CA
James, HF
Gandhi, H
AF Wiley, Anne E.
Ostrom, Peggy H.
Stricker, Craig A.
James, Helen F.
Gandhi, Hasand
TI ISOTOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FLIGHT FEATHERS IN TWO PELAGIC SEABIRDS:
SAMPLING STRATEGIES FOR ECOLOGICAL STUDIES
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon; feather; hydrogen; nitrogen; seabird; stable isotopes
ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BONE-COLLAGEN;
AMINO-ACIDS; HYDROGEN; RATIOS; CARBON; NITROGEN; DIETS
AB We wish to use stable-isotope analysis of flight feathers to understand the feeding behavior of pelagic seabirds, such as the Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) and Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis newelli). Analysis of remiges is particularly informative because the sequence and timing of remex molt are often,known. The initial step, reported here, is to obtain accurate isotope values from whole remiges by means of a minimally invasive protocol appropriate for live birds or museum specimens. The high variability observed in delta(13)C and delta(15)N values within a feather precludes the use of a small section of vane. We found the average range within 42 Hawaiian Petrel remiges to be 1.3 parts per thousand for both delta(13)N and delta(15)N and that within 10 Newell's Shearwater remiges to be 1.3 parts per thousand and 0.7 parts per thousand for delta(13)N and delta(15)N, respectively. The delta(13)N of all 52 feathers increased from tip to base, and the majority of Hawaiian Petrel feathers showed an analogous trend in delta(15)N. Although the average range of delta D in 21 Hawaiian Petrel remiges was 11 parts per thousand, we found no longitudinal trend. We discuss influences of trophic level, foraging location, metabolism, and pigmentation on isotope values and compare three methods of obtaining isotope averages of whole feathers. Our novel barb-sampling protocol requires only 1.0 mg of feather and minimal preparation time. Because it leaves the feather nearly intact, this protocol will likely facilitate obtaining isotope values from remiges of live birds and museum specimens. As a consequence, it will help expand the understanding of historical trends in foraging behavior.
C1 [Wiley, Anne E.; Ostrom, Peggy H.; Gandhi, Hasand] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[James, Helen F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
RP Wiley, AE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 203 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM wileyann@msu.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0745604]
FX We thank Nick Holmes, Darcy Hu, Jay Penniman, Fern Duvall, and all those
in the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources and National Park
Service who have graciously provided samples from the field, and
Andreanna Welch, Megan Spitzer, Christina Gebhard, and Alison Yoshida
for collecting samples at the National Museum of Natural History. We
also thank Cayce Gulbransen of the U.S. Geological Survey for analyzing
hydrogen isotopes and Mary Bremigan, Jefferey Kelly, Alan Brush, Eric
Hegg, and Peter Pyle for their helpful comments on our manuscript. This
work was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation DEB
0745604. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
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PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 2
BP 337
EP 346
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090186
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 614OO
UT WOS:000279069700017
ER
PT J
AU Rosenfield, RN
Rosenfield, LJ
Bielefeldt, J
Murphy, RK
Stewart, AC
Stout, WE
Driscoll, TG
Bozek, MA
AF Rosenfield, Robert N.
Rosenfield, Laura J.
Bielefeldt, John
Murphy, Robert K.
Stewart, Andrew C.
Stout, William E.
Driscoll, Timothy G.
Bozek, Michael A.
TI COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF NORTHERN POPULATIONS OF BREEDING COOPER'S
HAWKS
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Accipter cooperii; comparative morphology; Cooper's Hawk; cline; sexual
size dimorphism
ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; ACCIPITER-COOPERII; GREAT-PLAINS; BODY SIZE;
WISCONSIN; RAPTORS; AGE; HAWKS,COOPERS; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION
AB Few studies at a broad geographical scale have characterized intraspecific variation in morphology of woodland hawks in the genus Accipiter. From 1999 to 2007 we investigated morphological variation in large samples of live Cooper's Hawks (A. cooperii) nesting in four study areas: coniferous woodland around Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, isolated deciduous woodlands in short-grass prairies of northwestern North Dakota, towns and rural deciduous woodlands along the border of North Dakota and Minnesota, and urban and rural mixed deciduous and coniferous landscapes of Wisconsin. These sites span 2660 km across the northern part of the species' breeding range. We measured body mass (i.e., size), wing chord, tail length, tarsus diameter, hallux length, and culmen length of breeding adults, finding significant and clinal variation in body mass (or size). The smallest and most similar-sized birds occurred in British Columbia and western North Dakota, larger birds along the border between North Dakota and Minnesota, and the largest birds in Wisconsin. Several other characters varied significantly when mass was used as a covariate. Variation by study site in mean indices of sexual size dimorphism was negligible and not significant. We speculate that the morphological differences we found, in part, are the result of geographic isolation, where diets, migratory behavior, and structural characteristics of nesting habitats vary across landscape types.
C1 [Rosenfield, Robert N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
[Rosenfield, Laura J.] Univ Wisconsin, Admiss Off, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
[Murphy, Robert K.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA.
[Driscoll, Timothy G.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Sociol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
[Bozek, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, USGS Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
RP Rosenfield, RN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
EM rrosenfi@uwsp.edu
FU Biology Department, Personnel Development Committee, Letters and Science
Foundation; Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Unit at the University of
Wisconsin at Stevens Point; British Columbia Ministry of Environment;
municipality of Saanich Parks Department (British Columbia); British
Columbia Habitat Conservation Trust; North Dakota Game and Fish
Department; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service;
Wisconsin Society for Ornithology; North Dakota, Wisconsin; Great Lakes
Falconers associations
FX We thank T. L. Booms, R. W. Campbell, J. M. Clarke, K. D. Collins,
William Cornatzer, M. J. Gibson, D. A. Hill, W. G. Holton, N. D. Horne,
C. L. Grondahl, W. S. Mackie, B. S. and I. I. Stewart, J. Sukow, and
Daniel Svingen for logistical support and field assistance. Funding was
provided by the Biology Department, Personnel Development Committee,
Letters and Science Foundation, the Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Unit
at the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point, the British Columbia
Ministry of Environment, the municipality of Saanich Parks Department
(British Columbia), the British Columbia Habitat Conservation Trust
Fund, the Nongame Wildlife Program of the North Dakota Game and Fish
Department, the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
the Wisconsin Society for Ornithology, and the North Dakota, Wisconsin,
and Great Lakes Falconers associations. The manuscript was improved by
the comments of Sarah Sonsthagen and an anonymous reviewer.
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 2
BP 347
EP 355
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090148
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 614OO
UT WOS:000279069700018
ER
PT J
AU Hughes, KLH
Masterlark, T
Mooney, WD
AF Hughes, Kristin L. H.
Masterlark, Timothy
Mooney, Walter D.
TI Poroelastic stress-triggering of the 2005 M8.7 Nias earthquake by the
2004 M9.2 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sumatra-Andaman earthquake; Nias earthquake; poroelastic mechanics;
earthquake triggering; finite element models
ID GPS STATIC OFFSETS; COSEISMIC SLIP; OCEANIC-CRUST; 1992 LANDERS;
DECEMBER 26; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; TSUNAMI; PERMEABILITY;
AFTERSHOCKS
AB The M9.2 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (SAE) occurred three months prior to the M8.7 Nias earthquake (NE). We propose that the NE was mechanically triggered by the SAE, and that poroelastic effects were a major component of this triggering. This study uses 3D finite element models (FEMs) of the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone (SASZ) to predict the deformation, stress, and pore pressure fields of the SAE. The coseismic slip distribution for the SAE is calibrated to near-field GPS data using FEM-generated Green's Functions and linear inverse methods. The calibrated FEM is then used to predict the postseismic poroelastic contribution to stress-triggering along the rupture surface of the NE, which is adjacent to the southern margin of the SAE. The coseismic deformation of the SAE, combined with the rheologic configuration of the SASZ produces two transient fluid flow regimes having separate time constants. SAE coseismic pore pressures in the relatively shallow forearc and volcanic arc regions (within a few km depth) dissipate within one month after the SAE. However, pore pressures in the oceanic crust of the down-going slab persist several months after the SAE. Predictions suggest that the SAE initially induced MPa-scale negative pore pressure near the hypocenter of the NE. This pore pressure slowly recovered (increased) during the three-month interval separating the SAE and NE due to lateral migration of pore fluids, driven by coseismic pressure gradients, within the subducting oceanic crust. Because pore pressure is a fundamental component of Coulomb stress, the MPa-scale increase in pore pressure significantly decreased stability of the NE fault during the three-month interval after the SAE and prior to rupture of the NE. A complete analysis of stress-triggering due to the SAE must include a poroelastic component. Failure to include poroelastic mechanics will lead to an incomplete model that cannot account for the time interval between the SAE and NE. Our transient poroelastic model explains both the spatial and temporal characteristics of triggering of the NE by the SAE. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hughes, Kristin L. H.; Masterlark, Timothy] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Mooney, Walter D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Hughes, KLH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, 201 7th Ave, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
EM klhhughes@gmail.com; masterlark@ua.edu; mooney@usgs.gov
FU NASA [NNX060F10G]; NSF [EAR-0911466]; W. Gary Hooks Endowed Geology Fund
FX This work is supported in part by NASA under award NNX060F10G, NSF
Geophysics award EAR-0911466, and the W. Gary Hooks Endowed Geology
Fund. Academic licensing and technical support for Abaqus software is
provided by Simulia Inc., Dassault Systemes. We thank Fred F. Pollitz
for insightful comments and Thorne Lay and Lars P. Stixrude for astute
reviews.
NR 66
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 293
IS 3-4
BP 289
EP 299
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.02.043
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 598ES
UT WOS:000277816900007
ER
PT J
AU Huang, YN
Whittaker, AS
Luco, N
AF Huang, Yin-Nan
Whittaker, Andrew S.
Luco, Nicolas
TI NEHRP Site Amplification Factors and the NGA Relationships
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
DE building standards; design engineering; earthquake engineering;
earthquakes; faulting
ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA; MODEL;
PERIODS; PGV
AB The Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) relationships were developed using a large database of strong motion recordings of shallow crustal earthquakes. The functional form of the relationships provides an opportunity to assess and update if necessary the site class coefficients provided in the NEHRP Provisions and ASCE-7. Site amplification factors estimated using the Boore and Atkinson, Campbell and Bozorgnia, and Chiou and Youngs NGA relationships are computed and averaged for a combination of magnitude, distance, faulting type and period and for NEHRP/ASCE-7 Site Classes B, C, D and E and boundaries A/B, B/C, C/D and D/E. The average NGA site amplification factors show a clear dependency on period for V(S30) smaller than 270 m/s and are substantially greater than the current NEHRP site class coefficients in some cases. The use of the NEHRP/ASCE-7 site class coefficients and spectral demands for the reference site condition computed using the NGA relationships may produce erroneous results. A family of site class coefficients is proposed to address these issues in a format suitable for inclusion in the NEHRP Provisions and ASCE-7. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3381176]
C1 [Huang, Yin-Nan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore 639789, Singapore.
[Whittaker, Andrew S.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
[Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Huang, YN (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Blk N1-01c-76,50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639789, Singapore.
RI Huang, Yin-Nan/H-9914-2012
FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) [08HQGR0017]
FX The authors thank Stephen Harmsen of the USGS for providing the original
Fortran codes for the three NGA relationships, Dr. Roger Borcherdt of
the USGS for his valuable comments on the draft manuscript, and Dr.
David Boore of the USGS and the anonymous reviewers for their careful
evaluation of the manuscript. Financial support for the study described
in this paper was provided in part by the United States Geological
Survey (USGS), Award Number 08HQGR0017.
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PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 2
BP 583
EP 593
DI 10.1193/1.3381176
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 593AG
UT WOS:000277423100012
ER
PT J
AU Justus, BG
Petersen, JC
Femmer, SR
Davis, JV
Wallace, JE
AF Justus, B. G.
Petersen, James C.
Femmer, Suzanne R.
Davis, Jerri V.
Wallace, J. E.
TI A comparison of algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblage indices
for assessing low-level nutrient enrichment in wadeable Ozark streams
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
LA English
DT Article
DE Nutrient; Algae; Macroinvertebrate; Fish; Metric; Biotic index; Cattle;
Poultry
ID WATER-QUALITY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; BROILER
LITTER; PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; CATTLE; CRITERIA; DISTURBANCE
AB Biotic indices for algae, macroinvertebrates, and fish assemblages can be effective for monitoring stream enrichment, but little is known regarding the value of the three assemblages for detecting perturbance as a consequence of low-level nutrient enrichment. In the summer of 2006, we collected nutrient and biotic samples from 30 wadeable Ozark streams that spanned a nutrient-concentration gradient from reference to moderately enriched conditions. Seventy-three algal metrics, 62 macroinvertebrate metrics, and 60 fish metrics were evaluated for each of the three biotic indices. After a group of candidate metrics had been identified with multivariate analysis, correlation procedures and scatter plots were used to identify the four metrics having strongest relations to a nutrient index calculated from log transformed and normalized total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. The four metrics selected for each of the three biotic indices were: algae-the relative abundance of most tolerant diatoms, the combined relative abundance of three species of Cymbella, mesosaprobic algae percent taxa richness, and the relative abundance of diatoms that are obligate nitrogen heterotrophs; macroinvertebrate-the relative abundance of intolerant organisms, Baetidae relative abundance, moderately tolerant taxa richness, and insect biomass; fish-herbivore and detritivore taxa richness, pool species relative abundance, fish catch per unit effort, and black bass (Micropterus spp.) relative abundance.
All three biotic indices were negatively correlated to nutrient concentrations but the algal index had a higher correlation (rho = -0.89) than did the macroinvertebrate and fish indices (rho = -0.63 and -0.58, respectively). Biotic index scores were lowest and nutrient concentrations were highest for streams with basins having the highest poultry and cattle production. Because of the availability of litter for fertilizer and associated increases in grass and hay production, cattle feeding capacity increases with poultry production. Studies are needed that address the synergistic effect of poultry and cattle production on Ozark streams in high production areas before ecological risks can be adequately addressed. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Justus, B. G.; Petersen, James C.; Wallace, J. E.] USGS Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA.
[Femmer, Suzanne R.; Davis, Jerri V.] USGS Missouri Water Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
RP Justus, BG (reprint author), USGS Arkansas Water Sci Ctr, 401 Hardin Rd, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA.
EM bjustus@usgs.gov
FU USGS NAWQA program
FX This is one of the several studies supported by the USGS NAWQA program
to evaluate the effects of nutrient enrichment on stream ecosystems. The
project would not have been possible had it not been for a number of
USGS employees who assisted with reconnaissance, sampling, data
organization and compilation, maps and figures, and manuscript review.
Special thanks are extended to Amy Beck, Kelly Brady, Brian Clark, Jimmy
Clark, Rheannon Hart, Shannon Kelly, Dwight Lasker, and Dan Yeatts.
Thanks are extended to Greg Kloxin, who provided metrics that originated
from the Oklahoma Conservation Commission. Thanks are also extended to
two students from the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Avian Wright
and Byron Burns, who assisted with biotic sampling. Colleague reviews by
Terry Maret, Mark Munn, lan Waite, and two anonymous reviewers improved
the quality of the report.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
J9 ECOL INDIC
JI Ecol. Indic.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 627
EP 638
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.10.007
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 564NE
UT WOS:000275220900008
ER
PT J
AU Heisey, DM
Osnas, EE
Cross, PC
Joly, DO
Langenberg, JA
Miller, MW
AF Heisey, Dennis M.
Osnas, Erik E.
Cross, Paul C.
Joly, Damien O.
Langenberg, Julia A.
Miller, Michael W.
TI Linking process to pattern: estimating spatiotemporal dynamics of a
wildlife epidemic from cross-sectional data
SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS
LA English
DT Article
DE autoregressive; Bayesian; chronic wasting disease, CWD; current-status
data; frailty; Lexis diagram; MCMC, Markov chain Monte Carlo; Odocoileus
virginianus; penalized likelihood; prion; white-tailed deer; Wisconsin,
USA
ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM
ENCEPHALOPATHIES; MULE DEER; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS;
INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SURVIVAL-DATA; TIME-SERIES; MODELS
AB Underlying dynamic event processes unfolding in continuous time give rise to spatiotemporal patterns that are sometimes observable at only a few discrete times. Such event processes may he modulated simultaneously over several spatial (e.g., latitude and longitude) and temporal (e.g., age, calendar time, and cohort) dimensions. The ecological challenge is to understand the dynamic latent processes that were integrated over several dimensions (space and time) to produce the observed pattern: a so-called inverse problem. An example of such a problem is characterizing epidemiological rate processes from spatially referenced age-specific prevalence data for a wildlife disease such as chronic wasting disease (CWD). With age-specific prevalence data, the exact infection times are not observed, which complicates the direct estimation of rates. However, the relationship between the observed data and the unobserved rate variables can he described with likelihood equations. Typically, for problems with multiple timescales, the likelihoods are integral equations without closed forms. The complexity of the likelihoods often makes traditional maximum-likelihood approaches untenable. Here, using seven years of hunter-harvest prevalence data From the CWD epidemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Wisconsin. USA, we develop and explore a Bayesian approach that allows for a detailed examination of factors modulating the infection rates over space, age, and time, and their interactions. Our approach relies on the Bayesian ability to borrow strength from neighbors in both space and time. Synthesizing a number of areas of event time analysis (current-status data, age/period/cohort models. Bayesian spatial shared frailty models), our general framework has very broad ecological applicability beyond disease prevalence data to a number of important ecological event time analyses, including general survival studies with multiple time dimensions for which existing methodology is limited. We observed strong associations of infection rates with age, gender, and location. The infection rate appears to be increasing with time. We could not detect growth hotspots. or location by time interactions, which suggests that spatial variation in infection rates is determined primarily by when the disease arrives locally, rather than how fast it grows. We emphasize assumptions and the potential consequences of their violations.
C1 [Heisey, Dennis M.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Osnas, Erik E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Cross, Paul C.] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Joly, Damien O.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Hlth Programs, Nanaimo, BC V9S 2S4, Canada.
[Langenberg, Julia A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53703 USA.
[Miller, Michael W.] Wildlife Res Ctr, Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Heisey, DM (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM dheisey@usgs.gov
RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012
OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213
NR 80
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 3
U2 49
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9615
J9 ECOL MONOGR
JI Ecol. Monogr.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 80
IS 2
BP 221
EP 240
DI 10.1890/09-0052.1
PG 20
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 595ZK
UT WOS:000277652800003
ER
PT J
AU Holland, JN
DeAngelis, DL
AF Holland, J. Nathaniel
DeAngelis, Donald L.
TI A consumer-resource approach to the density-dependent population
dynamics of mutualism
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE consumer-resource interaction; context dependent; density dependent;
equilibrium; functional response; indirect interaction; resource supply;
stability; transient behavior
ID FACILITATE BIODIVERSITY MAINTENANCE; FRUIT ABORTION; COMPETITION;
STABILITY; BENEFITS; DEFENSE; COSTS; MODEL
AB Like predation and competition, mutualism is now recognized as a consumer-resource (C-R) interaction, including, in particular, bi-directional (e.g., coral, plant-mycorrhizae) and uni-directional (e.g., ant-plant defense, plant-pollinator) C-R mutualisms. Here, we develop general theory for the density-dependent population dynamics of mutualism based on the C-R mechanism of interspecific interaction. To test the influence of C-R interactions on the dynamics and stability of bi- and uni-directional C-R mutualisms, we developed simple models that link consumer functional response of one mutualistic species with the resources supplied by another. Phase-plane analyses show that the ecological dynamics of C-R mutualisms are stable in general. Most transient behavior leads to an equilibrium of mutualistic coexistence, at which both species densities are greater than in the absence of interactions. However, due to the basic nature of C-R interactions, certain density-dependent conditions can lead to C-R dynamics characteristic of predator-prey interactions, in which one species overexploits and causes the other to go extinct. Consistent with empirical phenomena, these results suggest that the C-R interaction can provide a broad mechanism for understanding density-dependent population dynamics of mutualism. By unifying predation, competition, and mutualism under the common ecological framework of consumer-resource theory, we may also gain a better understanding of the universal features of interspecific interactions in general.
C1 [Holland, J. Nathaniel] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
[DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
RP Holland, JN (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
EM jholland@rice.edu
FU NSF [DEB-081423]; U.S. Geological Survey Florida Integrated Science
Center
FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their improvements to a prior
version of this paper. This study was supported by NSF grant DEB-081423
to J. N. Holland and D. L. DeAngelis. D. L. DeAngelis also acknowledges
the support of the U.S. Geological Survey Florida Integrated Science
Center. J. N. Holland acknowledges in loving memory the never-ending
support and encouragement of Julian N. Holland, Jr., Judith M. Holland,
and Caroline Holland Kennedy.
NR 31
TC 71
Z9 71
U1 1
U2 52
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 5
BP 1286
EP 1295
DI 10.1890/09-1163.1
PG 10
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 598VQ
UT WOS:000277867600006
PM 20503862
ER
PT J
AU Polansky, L
Wittemyer, G
Cross, PC
Tambling, CJ
Getz, WM
AF Polansky, Leo
Wittemyer, George
Cross, Paul C.
Tambling, Craig J.
Getz, Wayne M.
TI From moonlight to movement and synchronized randomness: Fourier and
wavelet analyses of animal location time series data
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE African buffalo; animal behavior; lion; movement ecology; Panthera leo;
stochastic differential equation; Syncerus caffer; time series analysis
ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; CORRELATED RANDOM-WALK; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; SEARCH
PATTERNS; AFRICAN BUFFALO; NATIONAL-PARK; ELEPHANTS; PARADIGM; PATHS
AB High-resolution animal location data are increasingly available, requiring analytical approaches and statistical tools that can accommodate the temporal structure and transient dynamics (non-stationarity) inherent in natural systems. Traditional analyses often assume uncorrelated or weakly correlated temporal structure in the velocity (net displacement) time series constructed using sequential location data. We propose that frequency and time frequency domain methods, embodied by Fourier and wavelet transforms, can serve as useful probes in early investigations of animal movement data, stimulating new ecological insight and questions. We introduce a novel movement model with time-varying parameters to study these methods in an animal movement context. Simulation-studies show that the spectral signature given by these methods provides a useful approach for statistically detecting and characterizing temporal dependency in animal movement data. In addition, our simulations provide a connection between the spectral signatures observed in empirical data with null hypotheses about expected animal activity. Our analyses also show that there is not a specific one-to-one relationship between the spectral signatures and behavior type and that departures from the anticipated signatures are also informative. Box plots of net displacement arranged by time of day and conditioned on common spectral properties can help interpret the spectral signatures of empirical data. The first case study is based on the movement trajectory of a lion (Panthera leo) that shows several characteristic daily activity sequences, including an active rest cycle that is correlated with moonlight brightness. A second example based on six pairs of African buffalo (Syncerus caller) illustrates the use of wavelet coherency to show that their movements synchronize when they are within similar to 1 km of each other, even when individual movement was best described as an uncorrelated random walk, providing an important spatial baseline of movement synchrony and suggesting that local behavioral cues play a strong role in driving movement patterns. We conclude with a discussion about the role these methods may have in guiding appropriately flexible probabilistic models connecting movement with biotic and abiotic covariates.
C1 [Polansky, Leo; Wittemyer, George; Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Wittemyer, George] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Tambling, Craig J.; Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
RP Polansky, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM leopolansky@gmail.com
RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012;
OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Getz, Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354;
Tambling, Craig/0000-0001-9830-5985
FU NSF/NIH [NSF DEB-0090323, NIH GM083863]; James S. McDonnell Foundation
21st Century Science Initiative
FX We thank several anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on early
stages of this manuscript, and Douglas Maraun for helpful comments and
software on the use of wavelets. The lead author thanks his parents Joe
and Debra Polansky for support during much of this research. This
research was also partly supported by grants to W.M. Getz from the
NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Disease Program (NSF DEB-0090323, NIH
GM083863) and a James S. McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Science
Initiative Award. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 43
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 44
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 5
BP 1506
EP 1518
DI 10.1890/08-2159.1
PG 13
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 598VQ
UT WOS:000277867600026
PM 20503882
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, TM
Hopcraft, JGC
Eby, S
Ritchie, M
Grace, JB
Olff, H
AF Anderson, T. Michael
Hopcraft, J. Grant C.
Eby, Stephanie
Ritchie, Mark
Grace, James B.
Olff, Han
TI Landscape-scale analyses suggest both nutrient and antipredator
advantages to Serengeti herbivore hotspots
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE forage quantity vs. quality; grazing lawns; herbivore habitat selection;
near-infrared difference vegetation index (NDVI); predator-prey; remote
sensing; Serengeti; soil nutrients; structural equation modeling;
topographic relief; ungulate spatial distribution
ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM; HABITAT SELECTION;
AFRICAN SAVANNA; POPULATION REGULATION; GRAZING LAWNS; RISK; ELK;
COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS
AB Mechanistic explanations of herbivore spatial distribution have focused largely on either resource-related (bottom-up) or predation-related (top-down) factors. We studied direct and indirect influences on the spatial distributions of Serengeti herbivore hotspots, defined as temporally stable areas inhabited by mixed herds of resident grazers. Remote sensing and variation in landscape features were first used to create a map of the spatial distribution of hotspots, which was tested for accuracy against an independent data set of herbivore observations. Subsequently, we applied structural equation modeling to data on soil fertility and plant quality and quantity across a range of sites. We found that hotspots in Serengeti occur in areas that are relatively flat and located away from rivers, sites where ungulates are less susceptible to predation. Further, hotspots tend to occur in areas where hydrology and rainfall create conditions of relatively low-standing plant biomass, which, coupled with grazing, increases forage quality while decreasing predation risk. Low-standing biomass and higher leaf concentrations of N, Na, and Mg were strong direct predictors of hotspot occurrence. Soil fertility had indirect effects on hotspot occurrence by promoting leaf Na and Mg. The results indicate that landscape features contribute in direct and indirect ways to influence the spatial distribution of hotspots and that the best models incorporated both resource- and predation-related factors. Our study highlights the collective and simultaneous role of bottom-up and top-down factors in determining ungulate spatial distributions.
C1 [Anderson, T. Michael; Hopcraft, J. Grant C.; Olff, Han] Univ Groningen, Community & Conservat Ecol Grp, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands.
[Hopcraft, J. Grant C.] Frankfurt Zool Soc, Arusha, Tanzania.
[Eby, Stephanie; Ritchie, Mark] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
[Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Anderson, TM (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, 226 Winston Hall,Box 7325 Reynolda Stn, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
EM anderstm@wfu.edu
RI Olff, Han/A-8516-2008
OI Olff, Han/0000-0003-2154-3576
FU British Ecological Society; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific
Research; Explorers Club Exploration Fund; USGS Global Change Research
Program
FX We thank E. P. Mayemba, P. Marwa, and M. Sankaran for field assistance,
N. Eck and B. Venema for laboratory work, and N. Owen-Smith, J. Graf,
and an anonymous reviewer for manuscript comments. We thank C. Packer
and the Serengeti Lion Project for proving data to J.G.C. Hoperaft on
woodland lion kills. T. M. Anderson was supported by the British
Ecological Society and Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.
J.G.C. Hoperaft and H. Olff were supported by the Netherlands
Organisation for Scientific Research. S. Eby was supported by the
Explorers Club Exploration Fund. J.B. Grace was supported in part by the
USGS Global Change Research Program. The use of trade names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 61
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 11
U2 76
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 5
BP 1519
EP 1529
DI 10.1890/09-0739.1
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 598VQ
UT WOS:000277867600027
PM 20503883
ER
PT J
AU Goldfarb, RJ
Bradley, D
Leach, DL
AF Goldfarb, Richard J.
Bradley, Dwight
Leach, David L.
TI Secular Variation in Economic Geology
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; BILLION YEARS AGO; ORE-DEPOSITS;
WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MINERAL-DEPOSITS; ATHABASCA BASIN; METAL DEPOSITS;
OROGENIC GOLD; TIME; CANADA
C1 [Goldfarb, Richard J.; Leach, David L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Bradley, Dwight] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Goldfarb, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM goldfarb@usgs.gov
NR 65
TC 47
Z9 50
U1 4
U2 27
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 3
SI SI
BP 459
EP 465
PG 7
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 612QS
UT WOS:000278917200001
ER
PT J
AU Bekker, A
Slack, JF
Planavsky, N
Krapez, B
Hofmann, A
Konhauser, KO
Rouxel, OJ
AF Bekker, Andrey
Slack, John F.
Planavsky, Noah
Krapez, Bryan
Hofmann, Axel
Konhauser, Kurt O.
Rouxel, Olivier J.
TI Iron Formation: The Sedimentary Product of a Complex Interplay among
Mantle, Tectonic, Oceanic, and Biospheric Processes
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENT; BARBERTON GREENSTONE-BELT; U-PB ZIRCON; MASSIVE
SULFIDE DEPOSITS; LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION; PRECAMBRIAN HAMERSLEY-GROUP;
DALES-GORGE-MEMBER; BILLION YEARS AGO; PROTEROZOIC TRANSVAAL SUPERGROUP;
CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN BOUNDARY
AB Iron formations are economically important sedimentary rocks that are most common in Precambrian sedimentary successions. Although many aspects of their origin remain unresolved, it is widely accepted that secular changes in the style of their deposition are linked to environmental and geochemical evolution of Earth. Two types of Precambrian iron formations have been recognized with respect to their depositional setting. Al-goma-type iron formations are interlayered with or stratigraphically linked to submarine-emplaced volcanic rocks in greenstone belts and, in some cases, with volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. In contrast, larger Superior-type iron formations are developed in passive-margin sedimentary rock successions and generally lack direct relationships with volcanic rocks. The early distinction made between these two iron-formation types, although mimimized by later studies, remains a valid first approximation. Texturally, iron formations were also divided into two groups. Banded iron formation (BEE) is dominant in Archean to earliest Paleoproterozoic successions, whereas granular iron formation (GIF) is much more common in Paleoproterozoic successions. Secular changes in the style of iron-formation deposition, identified more than 20 years ago, have been linked to diverse environmental changes. Geochronologic studies emphasize the episodic nature of the deposition of giant iron formations, as they are coeval with, and genetically linked to, time periods when large igneous provinces (LIPs) were emplaced. Superior-type iron formation first appeared at ca. 2.6 Ga, when construction of large continents changed the heat flux at the core-mantle boundary. From ca. 2.6 to ca. 2.4 Ga, global mafic magmatism culminated in the deposition of giant Superior-type BIF in South Africa, Australia, Brazil, Russia, and Ukraine. The younger BIFs in this age range were deposited during the early stage of a shift from reducing to oxidizing conditions in the ocean-atmosphere system. Counterintuitively, enhanced magmatism at 2.50 to 2.45 Ga may have triggered atmospheric oxidation. After the rise of atmospheric oxygen dining the GOE at ca. 2.4 Ga, CIF became abundant in the rock record, compared to the predominance of BEE prior to the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). Iron formations generally disappeared at ca. 1.85 Ga, reappearing at the end of the Neoproterozoic, again tied to periods of intense magmatic activity and also, in this case, to global glaciations, the so-called Snowball Earth events. By the Phanerozoic, marine iron deposition was restricted to local areas of closed to semiclosed basins, where volcanic and hydrothermal activity was extensive (e.g., back-arc basins), with ironstones additionally, being linked to periods of intense magmatic activity and ocean anoxia. Late Paleoproterozoic iron formations and Paleozoic ironstones were deposited at the redoxcline where biological and nonbiological oxidation occurred. In contrast, older iron formations were deposited in anoxic oceans, where ferrous iron oxidation by anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria was likely an important process. Endogenic and exo-genic factors contributed to produce the conditions necessary for deposition of iron formation. Mantle plume events that led to the formation of LIPs also enhanced spreading rates of midocean ridges and produced higher growth rates of oceanic plateaus, both processes thus having contributed to a higher hydrothermal flux to the ocean. Oceanic and atmosplieric redox states determined the fate of this flux.
When the hydrothermal flux overwhemed the oceanic oxidation state, iron was transported and deposited distally from hydrothermal vents. Where the hydrothermal flux was insufficient to overwhelm the oceanic redox state, iron was deposited only proximally, generally, as oxides or sulfides. Manganese, in contrast, was more mobile. We conclude that occurrences of BIF, CIF, Phanerozoic ironstones, and exhalites surrounding VMS systems record a complex interplay involving mantle heat, tectonics, and surface redox conditions throughout Earth history, in which mantle heat unidirectionally declined and the surface oxidation state mainly unidirectionally increased, accompanied by superimposed shorter term fluctuations.
C1 [Bekker, Andrey] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
[Slack, John F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Planavsky, Noah] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
[Krapez, Bryan] Curtin Univ, Inst Geosci Res, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
[Hofmann, Axel] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Geol Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa.
[Konhauser, Kurt O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
[Rouxel, Olivier J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Rouxel, Olivier J.] Univ Europeene Bretagne, IUEM European Inst Marine Studies, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
RP Bekker, A (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
EM bekker@cc.umanitoba.ca
RI Rouxel, Olivier/F-3954-2014;
OI Konhauser, Kurt/0000-0001-7722-7068
FU NSF [EAR-05-45484]; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA04CC09A]; NSERC;
Geological Survey of Canada; NSF-GRE; Australian Research Council (ARC);
BHP Billiton iron Ore
FX AB acknowledges support from NSF grant EAR-05-45484, NASA Astrobiology
Institute Award NNA04CC09A, an NSERC Discovery Grant, and the TGI-3
Program operated by the Geological Survey of Canada. ITS thanks Bill
Cannon for discussions on iron-formation distribution, setting, and
genesis. NP acknowledges support from the NSF-GRE program and thanks
Chris Reinhard and Phil Fralick for stimulating discussions on iron
formations. BK and AB acknowledge support from an Australian Research
Council (ARC) Linkage Grant tied to industry support from BHP Billiton
iron Ore. Bill Cannon, Barry Maynard, and Rich Goldfarb provided
constructive, insightful, and timely reviews that helped to clarify and
focus the paper. Rob Rainbird and Elizabeth Turner, respectively,
supplied photographs for Figures 4A and 14 and are gratefully
acknowledged.
NR 379
TC 265
Z9 287
U1 30
U2 201
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
EI 1554-0774
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 3
SI SI
BP 467
EP 508
PG 42
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 612QS
UT WOS:000278917200002
ER
PT J
AU Leach, DL
Bradley, DC
Huston, D
Pisarevsky, SA
Taylor, RD
Gardoll, SJ
AF Leach, David L.
Bradley, Dwight C.
Huston, David
Pisarevsky, Sergei A.
Taylor, Ryan D.
Gardoll, Steven J.
TI Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits in Earth History
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ZN-PB-AG; WESTERN BROOKS RANGE; VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS; MOUNT-ISA INLIER;
PALAEOPROTEROZOIC WILLYAMA SUPERGROUP; PALEO-MESOPROTEROZOIC
SUPERCONTINENT; OIL-FIELD BRINES; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; BROKEN-HILL;
UNITED-STATES
AB Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits can be divided into two major subtypes. The first subtype is elastic-dominated lead-zinc (CD Pb-Zn) ores, which are hosted in shale, sandstone, siltstone, or mixed elastic rocks, or occur as carbonate replacement, within a CD sedimentary rock sequence. This subtype includes deposits that have been traditionally referred to as sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits. The CD Pb-Zn deposits occur in passive margins, back-arcs and continental rifts, and sag basins, which are tectonic settings that, in some cases, are transitional into one another. The second subtype of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits is the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT Pb-Zn) that occurs in platform carbonate sequences, typically in passive-margin tectonic settings.
Considering that the redox state of sulfur is one of the major controls on the extraction, transport, and deposition of Pb and Zn at shallow crustal sites, sediment-hosted Pb-Zn ores can be considered a special rock type that recorded the oxygenation of Earth's hydrosphere. The emergence of CD and MVT deposits in the rock record between 2.02 Ga, the age of the earliest known deposit of these ores, and 1.85 to 1.58 Ga, a major period of CD Pb-Zn mineralization in Australia and India, corresponds to a time after the Great Oxygenation Event that occurred at ca 2.4 to 1.8 Ga. Contributing to the abundance of CD deposits at ea 1.85 to 1.58 Ga was the following: (1) enhanced oxidation of sulfides in the crust that provided sulfate to the hydrosphere and Pb and Zn to sediments; (2) development of major redox and compositional gradients in the oceans; (3) first formation of significant sulfate-bearing evaporites; (4) formation of red beds and oxidized aquifers, possibly containing easily extractable Pb and Zn; (5) evolution of sulfate-reducing bacteria; and (6) formation of large and long-lived basins on stable cratons.
Although MVT and CD deposits appeared for the first time in Earth history at 2.02 Ga, only CD deposits were important repositories for Pb and Zn in sediments between the Great Oxygenation Event, until after the second oxidation of the atmosphere in the late Neoproterozic. Increased oxygenation of the oceans following the second oxidation event led to an abundance of evaporites, resulting oxidized brines, and a dramatic increase in the volume of coarse-grained and permeable carbonates of the Paleozoic carbonate platforms, which host many of the great MVT deposits. The MVT deposits reached their maximum abundance during the final assembly of Pangea from Devonian into the Carboniferous. This was also a time for important CD mineral deposit formation along passive margins in evaporative belts of Pangea. Following the breakup of Pangea, a new era of MVT ores began with the onset of the assembly of the Neosupercontinent.
A significant limitation on interpreting the secular distribution of the deposits is that there is no way to quantitatively evaluate the removal of deposits from the rock record through tectonic recycling. Considering that most of the sedimentary rock record has been recycled, most sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits probably have also been destroyed by subduction and erosion, or modified by metamorphism and tectonism, so that they are no longer recognizable. Thus, the uneven secular distribution of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits reflects the genesis of these deposits, linked to Earth's evolving tectonic and geochemical systems, as well as an unknown amount of recycling of the sedimentary rock record.
C1 [Leach, David L.; Taylor, Ryan D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Bradley, Dwight C.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Huston, David] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
[Pisarevsky, Sergei A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Grant Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Leach, David L.; Gardoll, Steven J.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
RP Leach, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM dleach5100@me.com
RI Minerals Institute, Sustainable/F-8043-2010; Pisarevsky,
Sergei/K-8845-2012;
OI Taylor, Ryan D/0000-0002-8845-5290
FU University of Western Australia
FX We thank Yongjun Lu, Roy George, and Susan Leach for assistance in
preparation of the manuscript. The authors thank the following
individuals for helpful discussions on the geology and geochemistry of
the deposits: Karen Kelley, Garth Graham, Erin Marsh, Salah Bouhlel,
David Symons, Craig Johnson, John B. Viets, Rich Goldfarb, Joel
Leventhal, Yongjun Lu, Qingtao Zeng, Bob Burruss, Craig McClung, Jens
Gutzmer, John Slack, Grant Garven, James Farquhar, Ross Large, Julie
Dumoulin, and Peter McGoldrick. The first author expresses great
appreciation to Don Sangster for many years of thoughtful and invaluable
discussions on the geology of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits.
Preparation of the manuscript by the first author was supported by the
Gledden Senior Fellowship at the University of Western Australia in
2009. The manuscript was significantly improved by the reviews of Karen
Kelley, Duncan Large, Jaireth Subhash, and Terry Mernagh. Published with
permission of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Chief Executive Officer
of Geoscience Australia.
NR 248
TC 107
Z9 140
U1 21
U2 99
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 3
SI SI
BP 593
EP 625
PG 33
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 612QS
UT WOS:000278917200007
ER
PT J
AU Kynard, B
Parker, E
Kynard, B
AF Kynard, Boyd
Parker, Erika
Kynard, Brian
TI Ontogenetic behavior of Kootenai River White Sturgeon, Acipenser
transmontanus, with a note on body color: A laboratory study
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Fish behavior; Dispersal; Geographic behavioral variation; Habitat;
Early life history
ID PALLID STURGEON; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; MIGRATION; OXYRINCHUS; DISPERSAL
AB Laboratory studies indicated the following ontogenetic behavior and body color of wild Kootenai River White Sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, (hereafter, Kootenai Sturgeon), a landlocked population in the Kootenai River, a major tributary of the Columbia River (United States) and Kootenay Lake (Canada). Hatchling free embryos (hereafter, embryos) are photonegative and hide under cover at a spawning site, and have a grey body. Late-embryos are photopositive and weakly prefer white substrate, use cover less with age, and develop a black tail. Day 13 larvae forage in the day on the open bottom, use cover less with age, prefer bright habitat, have a light-grey body and black tail, and initiate a mostly nocturnal dispersal for about 21 days, and then, continue a weaker dispersal. As they age, the entire body and tail of larvae is a dark-grey color when they develop into juveniles (about 66 days). The common body and tail color of larvae from the Kootenai, Columbia, and Sacramento rivers indicate a common adaptation to signal conspecifics or avoid predators. Juveniles are variable for foraging height, do not hide in bottom cover, and continue a weak nocturnal downstream movement. Movement of larvae and juveniles in the artificial stream suggests wild Kootenai Sturgeon have a long slow dispersal style (disperse for months). The long dispersal style of young Kootenai Sturgeon may adapt larvae to dispersing all summer in a 100-200 km long reach with a low abundance of food. The final destination of Kootenai Sturgeon during their first rearing season is unknown, but the long dispersal suggests fish could easily move to the lower river or to Kootenay Lake. Ontogenetic behavior of Kootenai Sturgeon is slightly different from Columbia River White Sturgeon, which has a weak embryo dispersal, but both populations have a similar major dispersal by larvae. However, both of these populations differ qualitatively from Sacramento River White Sturgeon, in which juveniles initiate the major dispersal. Thus, major geographic behavioral variation exists among populations and should be considered in restoration programs.
C1 [Kynard, Boyd; Kynard, Brian] BK Riverfish LLC, Amherst, MA 01002 USA.
[Kynard, Boyd; Parker, Erika] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
[Kynard, Boyd; Kynard, Brian] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01002 USA.
RP Kynard, B (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01002 USA.
EM drboyd@nrc.umass.edu
FU Bonneville Power Administration
FX We thank the Bonneville Power Administration for funding and Vaughn
Paragamian (Idaho Fish & Game Department) for coordination. Bob Hallock
(U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service) provided information on Kootenai
Sturgeon; Sue Ireland and the hatchery staff at The Kootenai Tribe of
Idaho supplied fertilized eggs and rearing advice. Tim Parker provided
laboratory assistance.
NR 16
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U1 1
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 88
IS 1
BP 65
EP 77
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9618-9
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 576FO
UT WOS:000276129900010
ER
PT J
AU Kimball, BA
Runkel, RL
AF Kimball, Briant A.
Runkel, Robert L.
TI Evaluating remediation alternatives for mine drainage, Little Cottonwood
Creek, Utah, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Mine drainage; Remediation; Transport modeling; Water-quality standards;
TMDL
ID REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TRACER-INJECTION; STREAM; SIMULATION;
COLORADO; IRON; ALUMINUM; SORPTION; MODEL; PH
AB The vast occurrence of mine drainage worldwide, documented in descriptive studies, presents a staggering challenge for remediation. Any tool that can move beyond descriptive study and helps to evaluate options for remediation in a way that maximizes improvements to the water quality of streams and minimizes cost of remediation could save valuable resources and time. A reactive solute transport model, calibrated from two detailed mass-loading studies in Little Cottonwood Creek (LCC), Utah, provides a tool to evaluate remediation options. Metal loading to LCC is dominated by discharge from two mine drainage tunnels. Discharge from an upstream tunnel has been treated by a fen to reduce metal loading. Discharge from the downstream tunnel (WDT) can be controlled because of a bulkhead that creates a mine pool. Simulations of remedial options for three compliance locations suggest that the water-quality standards for Cu and Zn at upstream and downstream compliance locations are met using various combinations of fen treatment and WDT regulation, but the complete compliance at the middle compliance location requires the highest level of fen treatment and the greatest regulation of WDT discharge. Reactive transport modeling is an useful tool for the evaluation of remedial alternatives in complex natural systems, where multiple hydrologic and geochemical processes determine metal fate.
C1 [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
[Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
EM bkimball@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was done in cooperation with Salt Lake County Engineering
Division and with support from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic
Substances Hydrology Program. The manuscript benefited from helpful
reviews by Pierre Glynn and Terry Kenney of the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 36
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI
JI Environ. Earth Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 5
BP 1021
EP 1036
DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0240-0
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 583EC
UT WOS:000276654900011
ER
PT J
AU Lindsey, BD
Katz, BG
Berndt, MP
Ardis, AF
Skach, KA
AF Lindsey, Bruce D.
Katz, Brian G.
Berndt, Marian P.
Ardis, Ann F.
Skach, Kenneth A.
TI Relations between sinkhole density and anthropogenic contaminants in
selected carbonate aquifers in the eastern United States
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Karst; Sinkholes; Nitrate; Pesticides; Water quality; Sinkhole density
ID URBANIZED COVERED KARST; PINELLAS COUNTY; MAP SINKHOLES; FLORIDA;
TERRAIN; ALSM
AB The relation between sinkhole density and water quality was investigated in seven selected carbonate aquifers in the eastern United States. Sinkhole density for these aquifers was grouped into high (> 25 sinkholes/100 km(2)), medium (1-25 sinkholes/100 km(2)), or low (< 1 sinkhole/100 km(2)) categories using a geographical information system that included four independent databases covering parts of Alabama, Florida, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. Field measurements and concentrations of major ions, nitrate, and selected pesticides in samples from 451 wells and 70 springs were included in the water-quality database. Data were collected as a part of the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Areas with high and medium sinkhole density had the greatest well depths and depths to water, the lowest concentrations of total dissolved solids and bicarbonate, the highest concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and the lowest partial pressure of CO(2) compared to areas with low sinkhole density. These chemical indicators are consistent conceptually with a conduit-flow-dominated system in areas with a high density of sinkholes and a diffuse-flow-dominated system in areas with a low density of sinkholes. Higher cave density and spring discharge in Pennsylvania also support the concept that the high sinkhole density areas are dominated by conduit-flow systems. Concentrations of nitrate-N were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in areas with high and medium sinkhole density than in low sinkhole-density areas; when accounting for the variations in land use near the sampling sites, the high sinkhole-density area still had higher concentrations of nitrate-N than the low sinkhole-density area. Detection frequencies of atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, prometon, and the atrazine degradate deethylatrazine indicated a pattern similar to nitrate; highest pesticide detections were associated with high sinkhole-density areas. These patterns generally persisted when analyzing the detection frequency by land-use groups, particularly for agricultural land-use areas where pesticide use would be expected to be higher and more uniform areally compared to urban and forested areas. Although areas with agricultural land use and a high sinkhole density were most vulnerable (median nitrate-N concentration was 3.7 mg/L, 11% of samples exceeded 10 mg/L, and had the highest frequencies of pesticide detection), areas with agricultural land use and low sinkhole density still were vulnerable to contamination (median nitrate-N concentration was 1.5 mg/L, 8% of samples exceeded 10 mg/L, and had some of the highest frequencies of detections of pesticides). This may be due in part to incomplete or missing data regarding karst features (such as buried sinkholes, low-permeability material in bottom of sinkholes) that do not show up at the scales used for regional mapping and to inconsistent methods among states in karst feature delineation.
C1 [Lindsey, Bruce D.] US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA.
[Katz, Brian G.; Berndt, Marian P.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA.
[Ardis, Ann F.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA.
[Skach, Kenneth A.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
RP Lindsey, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA.
EM blindsey@usgs.gov; bkatz@usgs.gov; mberndt@usgs.gov; afardis@usgs.gov;
kaskach@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Assessment
FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey,
National Water Quality Assessment Program. The authors gratefully
acknowledge W. Kochanov, M. Musgrove, and J. De Waele for their review
comments and suggestions that were helpful in revising this manuscript.
NR 41
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U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI
JI Environ. Earth Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 5
BP 1073
EP 1090
DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0252-9
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 583EC
UT WOS:000276654900015
ER
PT J
AU DeWan, AA
Zipkin, EF
AF DeWan, Amielle A.
Zipkin, Elise F.
TI An Integrated Sampling and Analysis Approach for Improved Biodiversity
Monitoring
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Biodiversity; Community analysis; Hierarchical modeling; Monitoring;
Multi-species inventory; State Wildlife Action Plans; State Wildlife
Grants Program
ID SPECIES RICHNESS; DETECTION PROBABILITY; ECOREGIONAL-SCALE; OCCUPANCY
MODELS; SITE OCCUPANCY; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; INFERENCE;
BIRDS
AB Successful biodiversity conservation requires high quality monitoring data and analyses to ensure scientifically defensible policy, legislation, and management. Although monitoring is a critical component in assessing population status and trends, many governmental and non-governmental organizations struggle to develop and implement effective sampling protocols and statistical analyses because of the magnitude and diversity of species in conservation concern. In this article we describe a practical and sophisticated data collection and analysis framework for developing a comprehensive wildlife monitoring program that includes multi-species inventory techniques and community-level hierarchical modeling. Compared to monitoring many species individually, the multi-species approach allows for improved estimates of individual species occurrences, including rare species, and an increased understanding of the aggregated response of a community to landscape and habitat heterogeneity. We demonstrate the benefits and practicality of this approach to address challenges associated with monitoring in the context of US state agencies that are legislatively required to monitor and protect species in greatest conservation need. We believe this approach will be useful to regional, national, and international organizations interested in assessing the status of both common and rare species.
C1 [DeWan, Amielle A.] Defenders Wildlife, Conservat Planning, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
[Zipkin, Elise F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP DeWan, AA (reprint author), Defenders Wildlife, Conservat Planning, 1130 17th St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
EM adewan@defenders.org; ezipkin@usgs.gov
FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Patuxent
Wildlife Research Center
FX The ideas for this manuscript were developed with support of the New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation's Hudson River
Estuary Program, Cornell University, and Patuxent Wildlife Research
Center. Special thanks to J. A. Royle, M. Kery, R. Swihart, and the
anonymous reviewers for their helpful and insightful comments on earlier
drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 47
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U1 4
U2 30
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
EI 1432-1009
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 5
BP 1223
EP 1230
DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9457-7
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 597PS
UT WOS:000277771400026
PM 20237922
ER
PT J
AU Wetherbee, GA
Shaw, MJ
Latysh, NE
Lehmann, CMB
Rothert, JE
AF Wetherbee, Gregory A.
Shaw, Michael J.
Latysh, Natalie E.
Lehmann, Christopher M. B.
Rothert, Jane E.
TI Comparison of precipitation chemistry measurements obtained by the
Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network and National
Atmospheric Deposition Program for the period 1995-2004
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Acid rain; Acidic deposition; CAPMoN; Composite samples; NADP/NTN;
Network comparability; Precipitation chemistry
ID CAPMON
AB Precipitation chemistry and depth measurements obtained by the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) and the US National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) were compared for the 10-year period 1995-2004. Colocated sets of CAPMoN and NADP instrumentation, consisting of precipitation collectors and rain gages, were operated simultaneously per standard protocols for each network at Sutton, Ontario and Frelighsburg, Ontario, Canada and at State College, PA, USA. CAPMoN samples were collected daily, and NADP samples were collected weekly, and samples were analyzed exclusively by each network's laboratory for pH, H(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+), NH(4)(+), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), and SO(4)(2-). Weekly and annual precipitation-weighted mean concentrations for each network were compared. This study is a follow-up to an earlier internetwork comparison for the period 1986-1993, published by Alain Sirois, Robert Vet, and Dennis Lamb in 2000. Median weekly internetwork differences for 1995-2004 data were the same to slightly lower than for data for the previous study period (1986-1993) for all analytes except NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), and sample depth. A 1994 NADP sampling protocol change and a 1998 change in the types of filters used to process NADP samples reversed the previously identified negative bias in NADP data for hydrogen-ion and sodium concentrations. Statistically significant biases (alpha = 0.10) for sodium and hydrogen-ion concentrations observed in the 1986-1993 data were not significant for 1995-2004. Weekly CAPMoN measurements generally are higher than weekly NADP measurements due to differences in sample filtration and field instrumentation, not sample evaporation, contamination, or analytical laboratory differences.
C1 [Wetherbee, Gregory A.] US Geol Survey, Branch Qual Syst, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Shaw, Michael J.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Latysh, Natalie E.] US Geol Survey, Geospatial Informat Off, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Lehmann, Christopher M. B.; Rothert, Jane E.] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
RP Wetherbee, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Qual Syst, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 401,Bldg 95,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM wetherbe@usgs.gov
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U1 2
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 164
IS 1-4
BP 111
EP 132
DI 10.1007/s10661-009-0879-8
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 583EJ
UT WOS:000276655700011
PM 19418237
ER
PT J
AU Kuffner, IB
Grober-Dunsmore, R
Brock, JC
Hickey, TD
AF Kuffner, Ilsa B.
Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki
Brock, John C.
Hickey, T. Don
TI Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park,
FL, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Benthic community structure; Marine protected areas; Overfishing;
Rugosity
ID LOW CORAL-COVER; FLORIDA-KEYS; LARVAL METAMORPHOSIS;
BRIAREUM-ASBESTINUM; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; HURRICANE-ANDREW; FISH
COMMUNITIES; MACROALGAL COVER; MARINE-SANCTUARY; JUVENILE CORALS
AB Coral reef ecosystem management benefits from continual quantitative assessment of the resources being managed, plus assessment of factors that affect distribution patterns of organisms in the ecosystem. In this study, we investigate the relationships among physical, benthic, and fish variables in an effort to help explain the distribution patterns of organisms on patch reefs within Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. We visited a total of 196 randomly selected sampling stations on 12 shallow (< 10 m) patch reefs and measured physical variables (e.g., substratum rugosity, substratum type) and benthic and fish community variables. We also incorporated data on substratum rugosity collected remotely via airborne laser surveying (Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar-EAARL). Across all stations, only weak relationships were found between physical, benthic cover, and fish assemblage variables. Much of the variance was attributable to a "reef effect," meaning that community structure and organism abundances were more variable at stations among reefs than within reefs. However, when the reef effect was accounted for and removed statistically, patterns were detected. Within reefs, juvenile scarids were most abundant at stations with high coverage of the fleshy macroalgae Dictyota spp., and the calcified alga Halimeda tuna was most abundant at stations with low EAARL rugosity. Explanations for the overwhelming importance of "reef" in explaining variance in our dataset could include the stochastic arrangement of organisms on patch reefs related to variable larval recruitment in space and time and/or strong historical effects due to patchy disturbances (e.g., hurricanes, fishing), as well as legacy effects of prior residents ("priority" effects).
C1 [Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Hickey, T. Don] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki] Univ S Pacific, Inst Appl Sci, Suva, Fiji.
[Brock, John C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM ikuffner@usgs.gov
RI Kuffner, Ilsa/A-6416-2008;
OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847
FU US Geological Survey
FX The US Geological Survey (Geologic Discipline, Coastal and Marine
Geology Program, and Biological Resource Discipline, Terrestrial,
Freshwater, and Marine Ecosystems Program) funded this project. This
work was performed under the National Park Service permit #
BISC-2003-SCI-0046. We thank R. Curry (Biscayne National Park) for his
support of our work and V. Bonito for help in the field including
gorgonian and coral identification. We dedicate this work to the memory
of Capt. Barry Denton, whom we will greatly miss. He was a great
supporter of USGS coral reef research and always kept us safe and
comfortable aboard the M/V "Winning Ticket." We also thank W. Jaap, G.
Piniak, J. Lisle, J. Morrison, and several anonymous reviewers for
helpful suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of
trade names herein was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the US Government.
NR 84
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U1 0
U2 26
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 164
IS 1-4
BP 513
EP 531
DI 10.1007/s10661-009-0910-0
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 583EJ
UT WOS:000276655700042
PM 19399634
ER
PT J
AU Chang, XS
Meyer, MT
Liu, XY
Zhao, Q
Chen, H
Chen, JA
Qiu, ZQ
Yang, L
Cao, J
Shu, WQ
AF Chang, Xiaosong
Meyer, Michael T.
Liu, Xiaoyun
Zhao, Qing
Chen, Hao
Chen, Ji-an
Qiu, Zhiqun
Yang, Lan
Cao, Jia
Shu, Weiqun
TI Determination of antibiotics in sewage from hospitals, nursery and
slaughter house, wastewater treatment plant and source water in
Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir in China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Antibiotics; Solid-phase extraction (SPE); Liquid
chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry
(LC/ESI-MS/MS); Three Gorge Reservoir; China
ID FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SURFACE WATERS;
PHARMACEUTICALS; CONTAMINANTS; RESISTANCE; EFFLUENT
AB Sewage samples from 4 hospitals, 1 nursery, 1 slaughter house, 1 wastewater treatment plant and 5 source water samples of Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir were analyzed for macrolide, lincosamide, trimethoprim, fluorouinolone, sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics by online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that the concentration of ofloxacin (OFX) in hospital was the highest among all water environments ranged from 1.660 mu g/L to 4.240 mu g/L and norfloxacin (NOR, 0.136-1.620 mu g/L), ciproflaxacin (CIP, ranged from 0.011 mu g/L to 0.136 mu g/L), trimethoprim (IMP, 0.061-0.174 mu g/L) were commonly detected. Removal range of antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plant was 18-100% and the removal ratio of tylosin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were 100%. Relatively higher removal efficiencies were observed for tylosin (TYL), oxytetracycline (OXY) and tetracycline (TET)(100%), while lower removal efficiencies were observed for Trimethoprim (IMP, 1%), Epi-iso-chlorotetracycline (EICIC, 18%) and Erythromycin-H(2)O (ERY-H(2)O, 24%). Antibiotics were removed more efficiently in primary treatment compared with those in secondary treatment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chang, Xiaosong; Zhao, Qing; Chen, Hao; Chen, Ji-an; Qiu, Zhiqun; Yang, Lan; Shu, Weiqun] Third Mil Med Univ, Sch Mil Prevent Med, Dept Environm Hyg, Chongqing 400038, Peoples R China.
[Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
[Liu, Xiaoyun] Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Lanzhou 730020, Peoples R China.
[Cao, Jia] Third Mil Med Univ, Sch Mil Prevent Med, Dept Mil Toxicol, Chongqing 400038, Peoples R China.
RP Shu, WQ (reprint author), Third Mil Med Univ, Sch Mil Prevent Med, Dept Environm Hyg, Chongqing 400038, Peoples R China.
EM xm0630@sina.com
OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30671727, 50804049];
Chinese National Program for Key ST Project [2003BA869C]
FX This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant NO. 30671727), Chinese National Program for
Key S&T Project (Grant NO. 2003BA869C) and the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant NO. 50804049).
NR 37
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U1 23
U2 134
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 158
IS 5
BP 1444
EP 1450
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.034
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 597AC
UT WOS:000277726500044
PM 20096493
ER
PT J
AU Heinz, GH
Hoffman, DJ
Klimstra, JD
Stebbins, KR
AF Heinz, Gary H.
Hoffman, David J.
Klimstra, Jon D.
Stebbins, Katherine R.
TI INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS AS A POSSIBLE MEANS OF GENERATING VARIED
LEVELS OF METHYLMERCURY IN THE EGGS OF BIRDS IN FIELD STUDIES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Methylmercury; Eggs; Intraperitoneal injections; Mallards; Anus
platyrhynchos
ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; COMMON LOONS; MERCURY; EXPOSURE
AB The ideal study of the effects of methylmercury on the reproductive success of a species of bird would be one in which eggs contained mercury concentrations ranging from controls to very heavily contaminated, all at the same site. Such a study cannot be realized at a Hg-contaminated area or under laboratory conditions but could be achieved by introducing methylmercury into breeding females and allowing them to deposit Hg in their eggs. Female mallards (Anus platyrhynchos) were intraperitoneally injected with solutions of methylmercury chloride dissolved in corn oil, propylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, mineral oil, Olestra. Crisco, lard, hard paraffin, and a combination of hard and soft paraffin. In some cases, egg laying was delayed, as a result of either the solvent itself (in the case of Olestra. Crisco, and lard) or the highest concentration of methylmercury chloride (500 mu g/g) in some of the solvents. Mercury M eggs ranged from a control level (<0.1 mu g/g) to approximately 14 light on a wet weight basis, which more than covers the range of concentrations reported in wild bird eggs. Mercury concentrations in a series of eggs from the same female declined mostly as a result of excretion of Hg in prior eggs and not because of the length of time since the injection. Intraperitoneal injections hold promise in field studies in which one would like to study the reproductive effects of a wide range of methylmercury levels M the eggs of a wild bird and under the natural conditions that exist in the field. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1079-1083. (C) 2010 SETAC
C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM gheinz@usgs.gov
FU CALFED [ERP-02D-C12]; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem
Restoration Program (grant ERP-02D-C12), with additional support from
the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Use of trade, product, or
firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1079
EP 1083
DI 10.1002/etc.128
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 598NJ
UT WOS:000277844200010
PM 20821543
ER
PT J
AU Esler, D
Trust, KA
Ballachey, BE
Iverson, SA
Lewis, TL
Rizzolo, DJ
Mulcahy, DM
Miles, AK
Woodin, BR
Stegeman, JJ
Henderson, JD
Wilson, BW
AF Esler, Daniel
Trust, Kimberly A.
Ballachey, Brenda E.
Iverson, Samuel A.
Lewis, Tyler L.
Rizzolo, Daniel J.
Mulcahy, Daniel M.
Miles, A. Keith
Woodin, Bruce R.
Stegeman, John J.
Henderson, John D.
Wilson, Barry W.
TI CYTOCHROME P4501A BIOMARKER INDICATION OF OIL EXPOSURE IN HARLEQUIN
DUCKS UP TO 20 YEARS AFTER THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Exxon Valdez; Harlequin duck; Oil exposure
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SITE-SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS; BAY CRUDE-OIL;
PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; RAINBOW-TROUT; RIVER OTTERS; ALASKA; INDUCTION;
PERSISTENCE; EXPRESSION
AB Hydrocarbon-inducible cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression was measured, as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in livers of wintering harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) captured in areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill and in birds from nearby unoiled areas, during 2005 to 2009 (up to 20 years following the spill). The present work repeated studies conducted in 1998 that demonstrated that in harlequin ducks using areas that received Exxon Valdez oil, EROD activity was elevated nearly a decade after the spill. The present findings strongly supported the conclusion that average levels of hepatic EROD activity were higher in clucks from oiled areas than those from unoiled areas during 2005 to 2009. This result was consistent across our sampling periods; furthermore, results generated from two independent laboratories using paired liver samples from one of the sampling periods were similar. The EROD activity did not vary in relation to age, sex, or body mass of individuals, nor did it vary strongly by season in birds collected early and late in the winter of 2006 to 2007. indicating that these factors did not confound inferences about observed differences between oiled and unoiled areas. We interpret these results to indicate that harlequin chicks continued to be exposed to residual Exxon Valdez oil up to 20 years after the original spill. This adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that oil spills have the potential to affect wildlife for much longer time frames than previously assumed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1138-1145. (C) 2010 SETAC
C1 [Esler, Daniel; Iverson, Samuel A.; Lewis, Tyler L.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada.
[Trust, Kimberly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Ballachey, Brenda E.; Lewis, Tyler L.; Rizzolo, Daniel J.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Woodin, Bruce R.; Stegeman, John J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Esler, D (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 5421 Robertson Rd, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada.
EM desler@sfu.ca
FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council
FX This research was supported primarily by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Trustee Council. However, the findings and conclusions do not
necessarily reflect the views or position of the Trustee Council. Any
use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
represent endorsement by the U.S. government. Procedures were approved
by the Simon Fraser University Animal Care Committee. We thank those who
helped with field work, including A. Birmingham, J. Bond, T. Bowman, S.
Davis, T. Donnelly, M. Kirk, M. Maftei, D. Rand, J. Reed, N. Slosser, B.
Uher-Koch, and K. Wright. Veterinary expertise was provided by Drs. D.
Heard, M. McAdie, G. Myers, and J. Proudfoot. Institutional support was
provided by D. Derksen, D. Bohn, R. Ydenberg, A. Patterson, M. Court,
the Pacific Wildlife Foundation, and Ian Semple. We thank J. Short, K.
Springman, and two anonymous referees for reviews.
NR 52
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 5
U2 38
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1138
EP 1145
DI 10.1002/etc.129
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 598NJ
UT WOS:000277844200017
PM 20821550
ER
PT J
AU Palti, Y
Rodriguez, MF
Gahr, SA
Purcell, MK
Rexroad, CE
Wiens, GD
AF Palti, Yniv
Rodriguez, M. Fernanda
Gahr, Scott A.
Purcell, Maureen K.
Rexroad, Caird E., III
Wiens, Gregory D.
TI Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR1 loci in
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Toll-like receptor; TLR1; Rainbow trout; Innate immunity; Genetic map;
Gene expression; Gene duplication
ID TOLL-LIKE-RECEPTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; CUTTING EDGE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS;
TETRAODON-NIGROVIRIDIS; BACTERIAL FLAGELLIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TELEOST
FISH; HUMAN GENOME; FAMILY
AB Induction of innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-microbial defense but there is limited understanding of how teleosts recognize microbial molecules and activate these pathways. In mammals, Toll-like receptors (TLR) 1 and 2 form a heterodimer involved in recognizing peptidoglycans and lipoproteins of microbial origin. Herein, we identify and describe the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) TLR1 gene ortholog and its mRNA expression. Two TLR1 loci were identified from a rainbow trout bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library using DNA sequencing and genetic linkage analyses. Full length cDNA clone and direct sequencing of four BACs revealed an intact omTLR1 open reading frame (ORF) located on chromosome 14 and a second locus on chromosome 25 that contains a TLR1 pseudogene. The duplicated trout loci exhibit conserved synteny with other fish genomes that extends beyond the TLR1 gene sequences. The omTLR1 gene includes a single large coding exon similar to all other described TLR1 genes, but unlike other teleosts it also has a 5' UTR exon and intron preceding the large coding exon. The omTLR1 ORF is predicted to encode an 808 amino-acid protein with 69% similarity to the Fugu TLR1 and a conserved pattern of predicted leucine-rich repeats (LRR). Phylogenetic analysis grouped omTLR1 with other fish TLR1 genes on a separate branch from the avian TLR1 and mammalian TLR1, 6 and 10. omTLR1 expression levels in rainbow trout anterior kidney leukocytes were not affected by the human TLR2/6 and TLR2/1 agonists diacylated lipoprotein (Pam(2)CSK(4)) and triacylated lipoprotein (Pam(3)CSK(4)). However, due to the lack of TLR6 and 10 genes in teleost genomes and up-regulation of TLR1 mRNA in response to LPS and bacterial infection in other fish species we hypothesize an important role for omTLR1 in anti-microbial immunity. Therefore, the identification of a TLR2 ortholog in rainbow trout and the development of assays to measure ligand binding and downstream signaling are critical for future elucidation of omTLR1 functions. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Palti, Yniv; Rodriguez, M. Fernanda; Gahr, Scott A.; Rexroad, Caird E., III; Wiens, Gregory D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Palti, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
EM yniv.palti@ars.usda.gov
OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433
NR 63
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 1050-4648
J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN
JI Fish Shellfish Immunol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 28
IS 5-6
BP 918
EP 926
DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.002
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 598GD
UT WOS:000277822100022
PM 20153434
ER
PT J
AU Hewitt, DA
Janney, EC
Hayes, BS
Shively, RS
AF Hewitt, David A.
Janney, Eric C.
Hayes, Brian S.
Shively, Rip S.
TI Improving Inferences from Fisheries Capture-Recapture Studies through
Remote Detection of PIT Tags
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; NATURAL MORTALITY-RATES; JOLLY-SEBER MODEL;
DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; UNEQUAL CATCHABILITY; POPULATION-GROWTH; UNIFIED
APPROACH; MARK-RECAPTURE; AT-AGE; OREGON
AB Models for capture-recapture data are commonly used in analyses of the dynamics of fish and wildlife populations, especially for estimating vital parameters such as survival. Capture-recapture methods provide more reliable inferences than other methods commonly used in fisheries studies. However, for rare or elusive fish species, parameter estimation is often hampered by small probabilities of re-encountering tagged fish when encounters are obtained through traditional sampling methods. We present a case study that demonstrates how remote antennas for passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags can increase encounter probabilities and the precision of survival estimates from capture-recapture models. Between 1999 and 2007, trammel nets were used to capture and tag over 8,400 endangered adult Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) during the spawning season in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Despite intensive sampling at relatively discrete spawning areas, encounter probabilities from Cormack-Jolly-Seber models were consistently low (< 0.2) and the precision of apparent annual survival estimates was poor. Beginning in 2005, remote PIT tag antennas were deployed at known spawning locations to increase the probability of re-encountering tagged fish. We compare results based only on physical recaptures with results based on both physical recaptures and remote detections to demonstrate the substantial improvement in estimates of encounter probabilities (approaching 100%) and apparent annual survival provided by the remote detections. The richer encounter histories provided robust inferences about the dynamics of annual survival and have made it possible to explore more realistic models and hypotheses about factors affecting the conservation and recovery of this endangered species. Recent advances in technology related to PIT tags have paved the way for creative implementation of large-scale tagging studies in systems where they were previously considered impracticable.
C1 [Hewitt, David A.; Janney, Eric C.; Hayes, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, Klamath Falls, OR USA.
[Shively, Rip S.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA.
RP Hewitt, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, Klamath Falls, OR USA.
EM dhewitt@usgs.gov
OI Hewitt, David/0000-0002-5387-0275
NR 89
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 21
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
EI 1548-8446
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 5
BP 217
EP 231
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.5.217
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 614NK
UT WOS:000279066100003
ER
PT J
AU Rostad, CE
AF Rostad, Colleen E.
TI Analysis of solvent dyes in refined petroleum products by electrospray
ionization mass spectrometry
SO FUEL
LA English
DT Article
DE Diesel fuel; Solvent dye; Electrospray ionization; Mass spectrometry
ID SULFONATED AZO DYES; DIODE-ARRAY DETECTION; POLAR COMPONENTS;
LEUCOMALACHITE GREEN; NAPHTHENIC ACIDS; MALACHITE GREEN; HEAVY
PETROLEUM; NSO COMPOUNDS; CRUDE-OIL; IDENTIFICATION
AB Solvent dyes are used to color refined petroleum products to enable differentiation between gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels. Analysis for these dyes in the hydrocarbon product is difficult due to their very low concentrations in such a complex matrix. Flow injection analysis/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry in both negative and positive mode was used to optimize ionization of ten typical solvent dyes. Samples of hydrocarbon product were analyzed under similar conditions. Positive electrospray ionization produced very complex spectra, which were not suitably specific for targeting only the dyes. Negative electrospray ionization produced simple spectra because aliphatic and aromatic moieties were not ionized. This enabled screening for a target dye in samples of hydrocarbon product from a spill. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 408,Bldg 95, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM cerostad@usgs.gov
FU North Dakota Department of Health
FX Use of trade names in this report is for identification purposes only
and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological Survey. Helpful
discussions with Fran Hostettler and Keith Kvenvolden were appreciated.
Graphics refinement was contributed by Ted Noyes. A portion of this
study was supported by the North Dakota Department of Health.
NR 49
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0016-2361
J9 FUEL
JI Fuel
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 5
BP 997
EP 1005
DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.011
PG 9
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 575XK
UT WOS:000276103700011
ER
PT J
AU Ingebritsen, SE
Manning, CE
AF Ingebritsen, S. E.
Manning, C. E.
TI Permeability of the continental crust: dynamic variations inferred from
seismicity and metamorphism
SO GEOFLUIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE permeability; geothermal; metamorphism; seismicity
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SPRING-DOMINATED STREAMS; DE-FUCA RIDGE; FLUID-FLOW;
CONTACT-METAMORPHISM; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; STRUCTURAL PERMEABILITY;
BARROVIAN METAMORPHISM; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT
AB The variation of permeability with depth can be probed indirectly by various means, including hydrologic models that use geothermal data as constraints and the progress of metamorphic reactions driven by fluid flow. Geothermal and metamorphic data combine to indicate that mean permeability (k) of tectonically active continental crust decreases with depth (z) according to log k approximate to -14-3.2 log z, where k is in m(2) and z in km. Other independently derived, crustal-scale k-z relations are generally similar to this power-law curve. Yet there is also substantial evidence for local-to-regional-scale, transient, permeability-generation events that entail permeabilities much higher than these mean k-z relations would suggest. Compilation of such data yields a fit to these elevated, transient values of log k approximate to -11.5-3.2 log z, suggesting a functional form similar to that of tectonically active crust, but shifted to higher permeability at a given depth. In addition, it seems possible that, in the absence of active prograde metamorphism, permeability in the deeper crust will decay toward values below the mean k-z curves. Several lines of evidence suggest geologically rapid (years to 10(3) years) decay of high-permeability transients toward background values. Crustal-scale k-z curves may reflect a dynamic competition between permeability creation by processes such as fluid sourcing and rock failure, and permeability destruction by processes such as compaction, hydrothermal alteration, and retrograde metamorphism.
C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Manning, C. E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM seingebr@usgs.gov
RI Manning, Craig/A-1118-2009
OI Manning, Craig/0000-0002-1463-3701
NR 105
TC 99
Z9 100
U1 4
U2 32
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1468-8115
J9 GEOFLUIDS
JI Geofluids
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 193
EP 205
DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2010.00278.x
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
GA 592VR
UT WOS:000277410200013
ER
PT J
AU Wintsch, RP
Kunk, MJ
Mulvey, BK
Southworth, CS
AF Wintsch, R. P.
Kunk, M. J.
Mulvey, B. K.
Southworth, C. S.
TI Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of Silurian and Late Devonian cleavages in lower
greenschist-facies rocks in the Westminster terrane, Maryland, USA
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; NEW-ENGLAND APPALACHIANS; U-PB
GEOCHRONOLOGY; NEWFOUNDLAND APPALACHIANS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS;
MARTINSBURG FORMATION; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; OROGENY; DEFORMATION;
ORDOVICIAN
AB Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of muscovite, biotite, and K-feldspar combined with microstructural analysis of lower greenschist-facies, polymetamorphic, phyllitic rocks, and marbles were successfully used to de cipher the thermal and tectonic histories of the Westminster and adjacent terranes in western Maryland. The presence of unreset detrital muscovite in some samples demonstrates that temperatures in these rocks never exceeded the closure temperature for argon diffusion in muscovite, similar to 350 +/- 50 degrees C. Minor biotite in some arkoses constrains the minimum metamorphic temperatures to >=similar to 320 degrees C. These data show an Early Silurian (ca. 430 Ma) cleavage in the western part of the Westminster terrane and a Late Devonian event (ca. 370 Ma) in the eastern Westminster and adjacent Potomac terranes. These two cleavage domains are separated by the NE-trending, newly identified Parrs Ridge fault zone. We propose that the sinistral transpressive collision of the Carolina terrane with Laurentia emplaced the western portion of the Westminster terrane in the Pennsylvania embayment along the Martic fault where it was folded and cleaved at ca. 430 Ma but otherwise largely sheltered from later deformation. The later Late Devonian dextral transpressive accretion of the outboard Potomac terrane thrust rocks of the eastern Westminster and Potomac terranes to the west, causing Late Devonian (360-370 Ma) S 2 cleavage in these rocks, but only minimal discrete overprinting S 3 cleavages in rocks farther west. Final juxtaposition and thermal convergence of these terranes occurred along reactivated dextral strike-slip faults in the Alleghanian at ca. 300 Ma.
C1 [Wintsch, R. P.; Mulvey, B. K.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Wintsch, R. P.; Kunk, M. J.; Southworth, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Wintsch, RP (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
EM wintsch@indiana.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [9909410, 0510293,
0318769]
FX Ryan McAleer ran and reduced some, and re-reduced all of the isotopic
data, and helped produce some of the figures. We thank Greg Walsh, Cory
McWilliams, Sebastien Castonguay, Don Wise, and associate editor Jim
Hibbard for constructive journal reviews, and Allen Dennis for a digital
copy of his figure 3 (Dennis, 2007). This research was funded by the
U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.
Further work was partially supported by National Science Foundation EAR
grants 9909410 and 0510293 to Wintsch and Dorais and 0318769 to
Schieber.
NR 73
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 7
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 5-6
BP 658
EP 677
DI 10.1130/B30030.1
PG 20
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 605MD
UT WOS:000278350800002
ER
PT J
AU Denlinger, RP
O'Connell, DRH
AF Denlinger, R. P.
O'Connell, D. R. H.
TI Simulations of cataclysmic outburst floods from Pleistocene Glacial Lake
Missoula
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID CHANNELED SCABLAND; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; SOUTHERN WASHINGTON; EASTERN
WASHINGTON; JOKULHLAUPS; BRETZ; BACK; MAGNITUDES; SEDIMENT; MODEL
AB Using a flow domain that we constructed from 30 m digital-elevation model data of western United States and Canada and a two-dimensional numerical model for shallow-water flow over rugged terrain, we simulated outburst floods from Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula. We modeled a large, but not the largest, flood, using initial lake elevation at 1250 m instead of 1285 m. Rupture of the ice dam, centered on modern Lake Pend Oreille, catastrophically floods eastern Washington and rapidly fills the broad Pasco, Yakima, and Umatilla Basins. Maximum flood stage is reached in Pasco and Yakima Basins 38 h after the dam break, whereas maximum flood stage in Umatilla Basin occurs 17 h later. Drainage of these basins through narrow Columbia gorge takes an additional 445 h. For this modeled flood, peak discharges in eastern Washington range from 10 to 20 x 10(6) m(3)/s. However, constrictions in Columbia gorge limit peak discharges to < 6 x 10(6) m(3)/s and greatly extend the duration of flooding. We compare these model results with field observations of scabland distribution and high-water indicators. Our model predictions of the locations of maximum scour (product of bed shear stress and aver age flow velocity) match the distribution of existing scablands. We compare model peak stages to high-water indicators from the Rathdrum-Spokane valley, Walulla Gap, and along Columbia gorge. Though peak stages from this less-than-maximal flood model attain or exceed peak-stage indicators along Rathdrum-Spokane valley and along Columbia gorge, simulated peak stages near Walulla Gap are 10-40 m below observed peak-stage indicators. Despite this discrepancy, our match to field observations in most of the region indicates that additional sources of water other than Glacial Lake Missoula are not required to explain the Missoula floods.
C1 [Denlinger, R. P.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[O'Connell, D. R. H.] Fugro William Lettis & Associates Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 Se Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM roger@usgs.gov; oconnell@lettis.com
FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
FX This paper would not have been possible without the constant
encouragement and support of many people involved in research on the
Missoula floods. We particularly thank Richard Waitt, who helped us form
realistic dam-break conditions, and whose review greatly strengthened
our paper. Support for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological
Survey and the Science and Technology Research Program of the U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation.
NR 38
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 3
U2 36
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 5-6
BP 678
EP 689
DI 10.1130/B26454.1
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 605MD
UT WOS:000278350800003
ER
PT J
AU Pollitz, FF
McCrory, P
Wilson, D
Svarc, J
Puskas, C
Smith, RB
AF Pollitz, F. F.
McCrory, Patricia
Wilson, Doug
Svarc, Jerry
Puskas, Christine
Smith, Robert B.
TI Viscoelastic-cycle model of interseismic deformation in the northwestern
United States
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Review
DE crustal deformation; viscoelasticity
ID CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT;
LATE HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKES; AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; FRANCISCO BAY AREA;
STRIKE-SLIP-FAULT; OAK-RIDGE FAULT; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; NORTHERN
CALIFORNIA
AB P>We apply a viscoelastic cycle model to a compilation of GPS velocity fields in order to address the kinematics of deformation in the northwestern United States. A viscoelastic cycle model accounts for time-dependent deformation following large crustal earthquakes and is an alternative to block models for explaining the interseismic crustal velocity field. Building on the approach taken in Pollitz et al., we construct a deformation model for the entire western United States-based on combined fault slip and distributed deformation-and focus on the implications for the Mendocino triple junction (MTJ), Cascadia megathrust, and western Washington. We find significant partitioning between strike-slip and dip-slip motion near the MTJ as the tectonic environment shifts from northwest-directed shear along the San Andreas fault system to east-west convergence along the Juan de Fuca Plate. By better accounting for the budget of aseismic and seismic slip along the Cascadia subduction interface in conjunction with an assumed rheology, we revise a previous model of slip for the M similar to 9 1700 Cascadia earthquake. In western Washington, we infer slip rates on a number of strike-slip and dip-slip faults that accommodate northward convergence of the Oregon Coast block and northwestward convergence of the Juan de Fuca Plate. Lateral variations in first order mechanical properties (e.g. mantle viscosity, vertically averaged rigidity) explain, to a large extent, crustal strain that cannot be rationalized with cyclic deformation on a laterally homogeneous viscoelastic structure. Our analysis also shows that present crustal deformation measurements, particularly with the addition of the Plate Boundary Observatory, can constrain such lateral variations.
C1 [Pollitz, F. F.; McCrory, Patricia; Svarc, Jerry] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Wilson, Doug] UC Santa Barbara, Inst Crustal Studies, Santa Barbara, CA USA.
[Puskas, Christine; Smith, Robert B.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM fpollitz@usgs.gov
OI Puskas, Christine/0000-0001-9388-0200
NR 126
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 14
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0956-540X
EI 1365-246X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 181
IS 2
BP 665
EP 696
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04546.x
PG 32
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 583RO
UT WOS:000276697000005
ER
PT J
AU Hunt, RJ
Luchette, J
Schreuder, WA
Rumbaugh, JO
Doherty, J
Tonkin, MJ
Rumbaugh, DB
AF Hunt, Randall J.
Luchette, Joseph
Schreuder, Willem A.
Rumbaugh, James O.
Doherty, John
Tonkin, Matthew J.
Rumbaugh, Douglas B.
TI Using a Cloud to Replenish Parched Groundwater Modeling Efforts
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Article
AB Groundwater models can be improved by introduction of additional parameter flexibility and simultaneous use of soft-knowledge. However, these sophisticated approaches have high computational requirements. Cloud computing provides unprecedented access to computing power via the Internet to facilitate the use of these techniques. A modeler can create, launch, and terminate "virtual" computers as needed, paying by the hour, and save machine images for future use. Such cost-effective and flexible computing power empowers groundwater modelers to routinely perform model calibration and uncertainty analysis in ways not previously possible.
C1 [Hunt, Randall J.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
[Luchette, Joseph] McLane Environm LLC, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Rumbaugh, James O.; Rumbaugh, Douglas B.] Environm Simulat Inc, Reinholds, PA USA.
[Doherty, John] Watermark Numer Comp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Doherty, John] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
[Tonkin, Matthew J.] SS Papadopulos & Assoc Inc, Bethesda, MD USA.
RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
EM rjhunt@usgs.gov
RI zong, fico/H-4677-2011
NR 11
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 48
IS 3
BP 360
EP 365
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00699.x
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 589CS
UT WOS:000277123100012
PM 20331751
ER
PT J
AU Tiedeman, CR
Lacombe, PJ
Goode, DJ
AF Tiedeman, Claire R.
Lacombe, Pierre J.
Goode, Daniel J.
TI Multiple Well-Shutdown Tests and Site-Scale Flow Simulation in Fractured
Rocks
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDRAULIC TOMOGRAPHY; PUMPING TESTS; AQUIFER HYDROGEOLOGY; GEOPHYSICAL
LOGS; POITIERS-FRANCE; NEW-JERSEY; INVERSION; METHODOLOGY; LIMESTONE;
MODEL
AB A new method was developed for conducting aquifer tests in fractured-rock flow systems that have a pump-and-treat (P&T) operation for containing and removing groundwater contaminants. The method involves temporary shutdown of individual pumps in wells of the P&T system. Conducting aquifer tests in this manner has several advantages, including (1) no additional contaminated water is withdrawn, and (2) hydraulic containment of contaminants remains largely intact because pumping continues at most wells. The well-shutdown test method was applied at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, New Jersey, where a P&T operation is designed to contain and remove trichloroethene and its daughter products in the dipping fractured sedimentary rocks underlying the site. The detailed site-scale subsurface geologic stratigraphy, a three-dimensional MODFLOW model, and inverse methods in UCODE_2005 were used to analyze the shutdown tests. In the model, a deterministic method was used for representing the highly heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distribution and simulations were conducted using an equivalent porous media method. This approach was very successful for simulating the shutdown tests, contrary to a common perception that flow in fractured rocks must be simulated using a stochastic or discrete fracture representation of heterogeneity. Use of inverse methods to simultaneously calibrate the model to the multiple shutdown tests was integral to the effectiveness of the approach.
C1 [Tiedeman, Claire R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Lacombe, Pierre J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
[Goode, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Exton, PA 19341 USA.
RP Tiedeman, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM tiedeman@usgs.gov; placombe@usgs.gov; djgoode@usgs.gov
OI Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456
FU USGS; U.S. Navy; Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research
and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1555]; U.S. EPA
FX We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the USGS Toxics Substance
Hydrology Program; the U.S. Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command;
the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and
Development Program (SERDP), project ER-1555; and the U.S. EPA
Technology Innovation Program. We also thank ECOR Solutions, Inc. and
the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for permission to
temporarily turn off pumps in recovery wells at the NAWC and conduct the
aquifer tests described in this paper. Reviews by Ward Sanford and
Richard Yager of the USGS, AE Scott James, and two anonymous reviewers
significantly improved the content of this paper.
NR 45
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 48
IS 3
BP 401
EP 415
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00651.x
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 589CS
UT WOS:000277123100016
PM 20002208
ER
PT J
AU Ludlam, JP
Magoulick, DD
AF Ludlam, John P.
Magoulick, Daniel D.
TI Environmental conditions and biotic interactions influence ecosystem
structure and function in a drying stream
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Meek's crayfish (Orconectes meeki meeki); Central stonerollers
(Campostoma anomalum); Periphyton; Algae; Electric exclusions;
Intermittent streams
ID HEADWATER STREAM; TROPICAL STREAM; GRAZING MINNOWS; PRAIRIE STREAM;
DISTURBANCE FREQUENCY; CAMPOSTOMA-ANOMALUM; PISCIVOROUS BASS; PREDATION
RISK; PATCH DYNAMICS; CRAYFISH
AB Benthic consumers influence stream ecosystem structure and function, but these interactions depend on environmental context. We experimentally quantified the effects of central stoneroller minnows (Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque) and Meek's crayfish (Orconectes meeki meeki (Faxon)) on benthic communities using electric exclusion quadrats in Little Mulberry Creek before (June) and during (August) seasonal stream drying. Unglazed ceramic tiles were deployed in June and August to measure periphyton and invertebrate abundance, and leafpack decomposition and primary production were also measured in August. Relationships between stoneroller and crayfish density and the size of consumer effects were evaluated with multiple linear regression models. Average chlorophyll a abundance was greater on exposed than exclusion tiles in August, but not in June. Sediment dry mass, periphyton ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and chironomid densities on tiles did not differ among treatments in either period. Leaf packs decayed faster in exposed than exclusion treatments (k (exposed) = 0.038 +/- A 0.013, k (exclusion) = 0.007 +/- A 0.002), but consumer effects were stronger in some pools than others. Leafpack invertebrate biomass and abundance and tile primary productivity did not differ among treatments. Consumer effects on chlorophyll a were related to crayfish and stoneroller density, and effects on chironomid density were related to stoneroller density. These results contrast with a previous exclusion experiment in Little Mulberry Creek that demonstrated strong consumer effects. The influence of stream drying on consumer effects appears to have been reduced by strong spates, underscoring the importance of conducting multi-year studies to determine the magnitude of variability in ecological interactions.
C1 [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, USGS, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, USGS, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
EM danmag@uark.edu
FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission
FX This research was supported by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission.
Field and laboratory assistance was provided by Brandon Banks, Molly
Ludlam, and Matt Dekar. Suggestions from Gary Huxel, Art Brown, Susan
Ziegler, Eric Larson, and Matt Dekar substantially enhanced the quality
of this research, and comments from Scott Longing and Robert DiStefano
greatly improved this manuscript.
NR 49
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 38
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 644
IS 1
BP 127
EP 137
DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0102-5
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 575MQ
UT WOS:000276071600007
ER
PT J
AU Landon, MK
Jurgens, BC
Katz, BG
Eberts, SM
Burow, KR
Crandall, CA
AF Landon, Matthew K.
Jurgens, Bryant C.
Katz, Brian G.
Eberts, Sandra M.
Burow, Karen R.
Crandall, Christy A.
TI Depth-dependent sampling to identify short-circuit pathways to
public-supply wells in multiple aquifer settings in the United States
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Groundwater monitoring; Groundwater protection; Borehole leakage;
Depth-dependent sampling; USA
ID GROUNDWATER; FLOW; WATER; CONTAMINATION; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT;
BOREHOLES; CHLORIDE; QUALITY; BIAS
AB Depth-dependent water-quality and borehole flow data were used to determine where and how contamination enters public-supply wells (PSWs) at study sites in different principal aquifers of the United States. At each of three study sites, depth-dependent samples and wellbore flow data were collected from multiple depths in selected PSWs under pumping conditions. The chemistry of these depth-dependent samples, along with samples of the surface discharge from the PSWs, was compared to that of adjacent nested monitoring wells. The results of depth-dependent analyses from sites in Modesto (California), York (Nebraska), and Tampa (Florida) are summarized and compared. Although the exact mechanisms for transport of contaminants to the PSWs varied among these hydrogeologic settings, in all three settings the presence of wells or boreholes or natural preferential flow paths allowed water and contaminants to bypass substantial portions of the aquifer and to reach PSWs or depths in the aquifer more quickly than would have occurred in the absence of these short-circuiting flow paths. The chemistry and flow data from multiple depths was essential to developing an understanding of the dominant flow paths of contaminants to PSW in all three settings. This knowledge contributes to developing effective strategies for monitoring and protection.
C1 [Landon, Matthew K.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
[Jurgens, Bryant C.; Burow, Karen R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Katz, Brian G.; Crandall, Christy A.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
[Eberts, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA.
RP Landon, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
EM landon@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment
FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water
Quality Assessment Programs Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural
Contaminants Topical Study program. We are grateful to the Cities of
Modesto, California, York, Nebraska, and Temple Terrace, Florida for
their cooperation with this study as well as landowners who provided
permission for well installation and sampling. We thank John A. Izbicki,
Jason J. Gurdak, and anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts
of this manuscript.
NR 53
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 3
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 3
BP 577
EP 593
DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0531-2
PG 17
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 583WM
UT WOS:000276710800003
ER
PT J
AU Faunt, CC
Belitz, K
Hanson, RT
AF Faunt, Claudia C.
Belitz, Kenneth
Hanson, Randall T.
TI Development of a three-dimensional model of sedimentary texture in
valley-fill deposits of Central Valley, California, USA
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE USA; General hydrogeology; Geostatistics; Unconsolidated sediments
ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITY GEOSTATISTICS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; HYDROFACIES
AB A three-dimensional (3D) texture model was developed to help characterize the aquifer system of Central Valley, California (USA), for a groundwater flow model. The 52,000-km(2) Central Valley aquifer system consists of heterogeneous valley-fill deposits. The texture model was developed by compiling and analyzing approximately 8,500 drillers' logs, describing lithologies up to 950 m below land surface. The lithologic descriptions on the logs were simplified into a binary classification of coarse- and fine-grained. The percentage of coarse-grained sediment, or texture, was then computed for each 15-m depth interval. The model was developed by 3D kriging of the percentage of coarse-grained deposits onto a 1.6-km spatial grid at 15-m depth intervals from land surface down to 700 m below land surface. The texture model reflects the known regional, spatial, and vertical heterogeneity in the aquifer system. The texture model correlates to sediment source areas, independently mapped geomorphic provinces, and factors affecting the development of alluvial fans, thus demonstrating the utility of using tcdrillers' logs as a source of lithologic information. The texture model is upscaled to a layered groundwater flow model for use in defining the hydraulic properties of the aquifer system.
C1 [Faunt, Claudia C.; Belitz, Kenneth; Hanson, Randall T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego Projects Off, San Diego, CA 92024 USA.
RP Faunt, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego Projects Off, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92024 USA.
EM ccfaunt@usgs.gov
NR 44
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 3
BP 625
EP 649
DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0539-7
PG 25
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 583WM
UT WOS:000276710800006
ER
PT J
AU Okubo, CH
AF Okubo, Chris H.
TI Structural geology of Amazonian-aged layered sedimentary deposits in
southwest Candor Chasma, Mars
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars, Surface; Tectonics; Terrestrial planets
ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; VALLES MARINERIS MARS; DEFORMATION BANDS;
SCALING RELATIONS; INTERPLANETARY CRUISE; SEGMENT LINKAGE; THRUST
FAULTS; LENGTH; DISPLACEMENT; GROWTH
AB The structural geology of an outcropping of layered sedimentary deposits in southwest Candor Chasma is mapped using two adjacent high-resolution (1 m/pixel) HiRISE digital elevation models and orthoimagery. Analysis of these structural data yields new insight into the depositional and deformational history of these deposits. Bedding in non-deformed areas generally dips toward the center of west Candor Chasma, suggesting that these deposits are basin-filling sediments. Numerous kilometer-scale faults and folds characterize the deformation here. Normal faults of the requisite orientation and length for chasma-related faulting are not observed, indicating that the local sediments accumulated after chasma formation had largely ceased in this area. The cause of the observed deformation is attributed to landsliding within these sedimentary deposits. Observed crosscutting relationships indicate that a population of sub-vertical joints are the youngest deformational structures in the area. The distribution of strain amongst these joints, and an apparently youthful infill of sediment, suggests that these fractures have been active in the recent past. The source of the driving stress acting on these joints has yet to be fully constrained, but the joint orientations are consistent with minor subsidence within west Candor Chasma. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Okubo, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM cokubo@usgs.gov
FU NASA's Mars Data Analysis [NNX06AE01G]
FX Conversations with Richard A. Schultz and the HiRISE Team helped to
refine the ideas presented here. James Skinner and Robin Fergason
assisted with the USGS internal review of this paper (IP-018002). Frank
Fueten and Daniel Mege also provided helpful reviews of this paper. The
DEM of area 1 was constructed by the Geomatics Group of the USGS
Astrogeology Science Center. The DEM of area 2 was constructed by C.
Okubo at the University of Arizona. This work is supported in part by a
grant from NASA's Mars Data Analysis Program to C. Okubo (NNX06AE01G).
NR 72
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 207
IS 1
BP 210
EP 225
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.012
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 584KJ
UT WOS:000276750300019
ER
PT J
AU Belkin, HE
Tewalt, SJ
Hower, JC
Stucker, JD
O'Keefe, JMK
Tatu, CA
Buia, G
AF Belkin, Harvey E.
Tewalt, Susan J.
Hower, James C.
Stucker, J. D.
O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K.
Tatu, Calin A.
Buia, Grigore
TI Petrography and geochemistry of Oligocene bituminous coal from the Jiu
Valley, Petrosani basin (southern Carpathian Mountains), Romania
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bituminous coal; Oligocene; Chattian; Romania; Petrosani basin; Jiu
Valley
ID CARBONATES; TRACE
AB Belt samples of Oligocene (Chattian) bituminous coal from 10 underground mines located in the Jiu Valley, Hunedoara County, Petrosani basin, Romania, have been examined and analyzed for proximate and ultimate analysis, major-, minor- and trace-element chemistry, organic petrography, and vitrinite reflectance. The mineral chemistry and mode of occurrence of trace elements also have been investigated using SEM and electron microprobe techniques. Twenty coal beds occur in the Jiu Valley and most of the samples are from bed no. 3, the most productive bed of the Dilja-Uricani Formation of Oligocene age. The Petrosani basin, oriented SW-NE, is 48-km long, 10-km wide at the eastern part and 2-km wide at the western part. The coal mines are distributed along the center of the valley generally following the Jiu de Vest River. Reflectance measurements indicate that the rank of the coals ranges from high-volatile B to high-volatile A bituminous. Overall, rank decreases from the southwest to the northeast. In bed no. 3, R(max) varies from 0.75% in the northeast to 0.93% in the southwest. Although, most Oligocene coals in Romania and adjacent countries are lignite in rank, the Jiu Valley bituminous coals have been affected by regional metamorphism and attending hydrothermal fluids related to the Alpine orogenic event. The coals are all dominated by vitrinite: resinite and funginite are important minor macerals in most of the coals. Pyrite and carbonate generally dominate the mineral assemblages with carbonate more abundant in the northwest. Siderite occurs as nodules and masses within the macerals (generally vitrinite). Dolomite and calcite occur as fracture fillings, plant-cell fillings, and in other authigenic forms. Late-stage fracture fillings are siderite, dolomite, calcite, and ankerite. In one instance, two populations of siderite (similar to 35 and similar to 45 wt.% FeO) plus ankerite fill a large fracture. Late-stage pyrite framboid alteration is Ni- and Cu-bearing, with Ni-rich pyrite, hydrated Ni, Fe sulfate, chalcopyrite and rare pentlandite and clausthalite. Some of the mines sampled in 2001 have been closed as Romania has undergone severe economic and environmental reforms in preparation for its 2007 entry into the European Union (EU). Romania's continued efforts to adapt to a market economy within the environmental and economic constraints of the EU make this collection of data valuable as the eventual fate of the other mines in Jiu Valley is unknown. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Belkin, Harvey E.; Tewalt, Susan J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Hower, James C.; Stucker, J. D.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA.
[Stucker, J. D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
[O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K.] Morehead State Univ, Morehead, KY 40351 USA.
[Tatu, Calin A.] Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Immunol, Clin Lab 1, RO-1900 Timisoara, Romania.
[Buia, Grigore] Univ Petrosani, Dept Geol, RO-2675 Petrosani, Romania.
RP Belkin, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM hbelkin@usgs.gov
OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529
NR 41
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-5162
J9 INT J COAL GEOL
JI Int. J. Coal Geol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 1-2
BP 68
EP 80
DI 10.1016/j.coal.2010.01.013
PG 13
WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Energy & Fuels; Geology
GA 597CH
UT WOS:000277732900007
ER
PT J
AU Rowe, BL
Price, CV
Zogorski, JS
Moran, MJ
AF Rowe, Barbara L.
Price, Curtis V.
Zogorski, John S.
Moran, Michael J.
TI Vulnerability of drinking water supply wells to VOCs
SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; MIXTURES
AB A national study analyzed untreated water samples from similar to 1,100 public and 2,400 domestic wells for 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and found that supplies from public wells were more vulnerable to VOC contamination than those from domestic wells. Analyses of ancillary data identified natural and anthropogenic variables associated with occurrence of the most frequently detected VOCs in public well samples. Perchloroethene and trichloroethene in public well water was associated with point sources and pumping rates, whereas trihalomethanes and the oxygenate methyl tertiary butyl ether were not associated with pumping rates and had a nonpoint source signature.
Study findings should increase awareness of the risks posed by VOC contamination of drinking water supply wells and reaffirm the need for comprehensive wellhead protection programs. VOC contamination of public well supplies can be minimized by effective management practices such as well permitting and land use planning, construction considerations such as well depth, and operational factors such as pumping rate.
C1 [Rowe, Barbara L.; Price, Curtis V.; Zogorski, John S.] US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA.
RP Rowe, BL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA.
EM blrowe@usgs.gov
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 13
PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC
PI DENVER
PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA
SN 0003-150X
J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS
JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 102
IS 5
BP 133
EP +
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 603WN
UT WOS:000278238900016
ER
PT J
AU Lutz, JA
van Wagtendonk, JW
Franklin, JF
AF Lutz, James A.
van Wagtendonk, Jan W.
Franklin, Jerry F.
TI Climatic water deficit, tree species ranges, and climate change in
Yosemite National Park
SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE California; climate change; forest vegetation; Little Ice Age; Pinus
monticola; PRISM; Sierra Nevada; species range shifts; Thornthwaite
method; Tsuga mertensiana
ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA ECOTONE; VEGETATION
DISTRIBUTION; INCIDENT RADIATION; MORTALITY-RATES; NORTH-AMERICA; MONO
LAKE; HEAT LOAD; CALIFORNIA; FOREST
AB Aim
(1) To calculate annual potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (AET) and climatic water deficit (Deficit) with high spatial resolution; (2) to describe distributions for 17 tree species over a 2300-m elevation gradient in a 3000-km2 landscape relative to AET and Deficit; (3) to examine changes in AET and Deficit between past (c. 1700), present (1971-2000) and future (2020-49) climatological means derived from proxies, observations and projections; and (4) to infer how the magnitude of changing Deficit may contribute to changes in forest structure and composition.
Location
Yosemite National Park, California, USA.
Methods
We calculated the water balance within Yosemite National Park using a modified Thornthwaite-type method and correlated AET and Deficit with tree species distribution. We used input data sets with different spatial resolutions parameterized for variation in latitude, precipitation, temperature, soil water-holding capacity, slope and aspect. We used climate proxies and climate projections to model AET and Deficit for past and future climate. We compared the modelled future water balance in Yosemite with current species water-balance ranges in North America.
Results
We calculated species climatic envelopes over broad ranges of environmental gradients - a range of 310 mm for soil water-holding capacity, 48.3 degrees C for mean monthly temperature (January minima to July maxima), and 918 mm yr-1 for annual precipitation. Tree species means were differentiated by AET and Deficit, and at higher levels of Deficit, species means were increasingly differentiated. Modelled Deficit for all species increased by a mean of 5% between past (c. 1700) and present (1971-2000). Projected increases in Deficit between present and future (2020-49) were 23% across all plots.
Main conclusions
Modelled changes in Deficit between past, present and future climate scenarios suggest that recent past changes in forest structure and composition may accelerate in the future, with species responding individualistically to further declines in water availability. Declining water availability may disproportionately affect Pinus monticola and Tsuga mertensiana. Fine-scale heterogeneity in soil water-holding capacity, aspect and slope implies that plant water balance may vary considerably within the grid cells of kilometre-scale climate models. Sub-grid-cell soil and topographical data can partially compensate for the lack of spatial heterogeneity in gridded climate data, potentially improving vegetation-change projections in mountainous landscapes with heterogeneous topography.
C1 [Lutz, James A.; Franklin, Jerry F.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[van Wagtendonk, Jan W.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA.
RP Lutz, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM jlutz@u.washington.edu
RI Lutz, James/B-3785-2012
FU National Science Foundation [0333408]; Seattle ARCS Foundation
FX We thank Yosemite National Park and the US Geological Survey Western
Ecological Research Center for data. We thank Chris Daly and Mike
Halbleib for assistance with PRISM, Edd Russell for assistance with
soils data, Dan Gavin for discussions, and Nate Stephenson for
inspiration. We thank Kathy Anderson and Bob Thompson for access to the
North American water-balance data for Yosemite tree species. Previous
versions of this manuscript were greatly improved by comments from James
K. Agee, James A. Freund, Alan R. Gillespie, Charles B. Halpern, Thomas
M. Hinckley, Andrew J. Larson, Donald McKenzie, Nathan L. Stephenson,
Phillip J. van Mantgem, and two anonymous referees. This research was
supported by the National Science Foundation IGERT (0333408) and the
Seattle ARCS Foundation.
NR 97
TC 70
Z9 71
U1 6
U2 62
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0305-0270
EI 1365-2699
J9 J BIOGEOGR
JI J. Biogeogr.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 5
BP 936
EP 950
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02268.x
PG 15
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 585WS
UT WOS:000276861700012
ER
PT J
AU Clow, DW
AF Clow, David W.
TI Changes in the Timing of Snowmelt and Streamflow in Colorado: A Response
to Recent Warming
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER
AVAILABILITY; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; TRENDS; VARIABILITY;
PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE
AB Trends in the timing of snowmelt and associated runoff in Colorado were evaluated for the 1978-2007 water years using the regional Kendall test (RKT) on daily snow-water equivalent (SWE) data from snowpack telemetry (SNOTEL) sites and daily streamflow data from headwater streams. The RKT is a robust, non-parametric test that provides an increased power of trend detection by grouping data from multiple sites within a given geographic region. The RKT analyses indicated strong, pervasive trends in snowmelt and streamflow timing, which have shifted toward earlier in the year by a median of 2-3 weeks over the 29-yr study period. In contrast, relatively few statistically significant trends were detected using simple linear regression. RKT analyses also indicated that November-May air temperatures increased by a median of 0.98 degrees C decade(-1), while 1 April SWE and maximum SWE declined by a median of 4.1 and 3.6 cm decade (1), respectively. Multiple linear regression models were created, using monthly air temperatures, snowfall, latitude, and elevation as explanatory variables to identify major controlling factors on snowmelt timing. The models accounted for 45% of the variance in snowmelt onset, and 78% of the variance in the snowmelt center of mass (when half the snowpack had melted). Variations in springtime air temperature and SWE explained most of the interannual variability in snowmelt timing. Regression coefficients for air temperature were negative, indicating that warm temperatures promote early melt. Regression coefficients for SWE, latitude, and elevation were positive, indicating that abundant snowfall tends to delay snowmelt, and snowmelt tends to occur later at northern latitudes and high elevations. Results from this study indicate that even the mountains of Colorado, with their high elevations and cold snowpacks, are experiencing substantial shifts in the timing of snowmelt and snowmelt runoff toward earlier in the year.
C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM dwclow@usgs.gov
OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824
FU Colorado Water Conservation board; U.S. Geological Survey; Denver Water;
Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District; Colorado Spring Utilities;
Colorado River Water Conservation District
FX Support for this study was provided by the Colorado Water Conservation
board, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Water, Northern Colorado Water
Conservancy District, Colorado Spring Utilities, and the Colorado River
Water Conservation District. Climate data for Niwot Ridge were provided
by the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research site,
operated by the University of Colorado, Boulder. Climate data from Loch
Vale came from the U.S. Geological Survey's Water, Energy, and
Biogeochemical Budgets research program. Reviews by David Mueller, Greg
McCabe, and two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript and
are appreciated.
NR 41
TC 112
Z9 115
U1 8
U2 59
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 9
BP 2293
EP 2306
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2951.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 600PQ
UT WOS:000277999800004
ER
PT J
AU Hapke, CJ
Lentz, EE
Gayes, PT
McCoy, CA
Hehre, R
Schwab, WC
Williams, SJ
AF Hapke, Cheryl J.
Lentz, Erika E.
Gayes, Paul T.
McCoy, Clayton A.
Hehre, Rachel
Schwab, William C.
Williams, S. Jeffress
TI A Review of Sediment Budget Imbalances along Fire Island, New York: Can
Nearshore Geologic Framework and Patterns of Shoreline Change Explain
the Deficit?
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE Long Island; Fire Island; sediment budget; cross-shore transport;
shoreline change; nearshore bathymetry; geologic framework
ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LONG-ISLAND; SAND RIDGES;
SHOREFACE; USA; PROFILE; STORM; MAINTENANCE; TRANSPORT
AB Sediment budget analyses conducted for annual to decadal timescales report variable magnitudes of littoral transport along the south shore of Long Island, New York It is well documented that the primary transport component is directed alongshore from east to west, but relatively little information has been reported concerning the directions or magnitudes of cross-shore components Our review of budget calculations for the Fire Island coastal compartment (between Moriches and Fire Island Inlets) indicates an average deficit of 217,700 m(3)/y Updrift shoreline erosion, redistribution of nourishment fills, and reworking of inner-shelf deposits have been proposed as the potential sources of additional sediment needed to rectify budget residuals Each of these sources is probably relevant over various spatial and temporal scales, but previous studies of sediment texture and provenance, inner-shelf geologic mapping, and beach profile comparison indicate that reworking of inner-shelf deposits is the source most likely to resolve budget discrepancies over the broadest scales This suggests that an onshore component of sediment transport is likely more important along Fire Island than previously thought Our discussion focuses on relations between geomorphology, inner-shelf geologic framework, and historic shoreline change along Fire Island and the potential pathways by which reworked, inner-shelf sediments are likely transported toward the shoreline
C1 [Hapke, Cheryl J.; Schwab, William C.; Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, PWRC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Lentz, Erika E.; Hehre, Rachel; Williams, S. Jeffress] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
[Gayes, Paul T.; McCoy, Clayton A.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29526 USA.
RP Hapke, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, PWRC, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
OI Lentz, Erika/0000-0002-0621-8954
FU U S Geological Survey; National Park Service Northeast Regional Office;
University of Rhode Island; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center;
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
FX Funding for this work was provided by the U S Geological Survey, the
National Park Service Northeast Regional Office, and the Coastal
Institute IGERT Project at the University of Rhode Island and was
supported by the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and the Coastal
and Marine Geology Program
NR 45
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U1 0
U2 7
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 3
BP 510
EP 522
DI 10.2112/08-1140.1
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 599XH
UT WOS:000277947000013
ER
PT J
AU Morton, RA
Bernier, JC
AF Morton, Robert A.
Bernier, Julie C.
TI Recent Subsidence-Rate Reductions in the Mississippi Delta and Their
Geological Implications
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Subsidence rates; tide gauge; benchmark; GPS; hydrocarbon production
ID HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION; LEVEL RISE; COMPACTION; LOUISIANA; GULF; MEXICO;
FIELD; OIL
AB The Mississippi Delta has long been characterized as an area of rapid subsidence, however, recent subsidence rates are substantially lower than previously reported Tide-gauge records indicate that rates of relative sea-level rise were slow from 1947 until the mid-1960s, relatively fast from the mid-1960s until the early 1990s, and then slow since the early 1990s These trends and rates are Independently verified by repeat benchmark surveys and height monitoring at continuously operating geographic positioning system stations. Subsidence rates for the slow periods were a few millimeters per year, comparable to rates averaged over geological time scales that are attributed to natural processes such as shallow sediment compaction and deep crustal loading The decadal pattern of slow, then rapid, then slow subsidence may be caused by natural deep-basin processes (e g, gravity gliding and salt migration), but It is more likely related to rates of hydrocarbon production that followed the same temporal trends If accelerated subsidence was primarily induced by reservoir compaction and fault reactivation associated with fluid withdrawal that also accelerated in the 1960s and 1970s, then the recent reductions in subsidence rates likely reflect a balancing of subsurface stresses and a return to near preproduction conditions
C1 [Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Bernier, Julie C.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 130, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
NR 29
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U1 2
U2 16
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 3
BP 555
EP 561
DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00014R1.1
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 599XH
UT WOS:000277947000018
ER
PT J
AU Tucker, HA
Knowlton, KF
Meyer, MT
Khunjar, WO
Love, NG
AF Tucker, H. A.
Knowlton, K. F.
Meyer, M. T.
Khunjar, W. O.
Love, N. G.
TI Effect of diet on fecal and urinary estrogenic activity
SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE red clover; phytoestrogen excretion; heifer
ID WASTE-WATER; PHYTOESTROGENS; MASS; BALANCE; SHEEP; COWS
AB The United States Environmental Protection Agency has identified estrogens from animal feeding operations as a major environmental concern, but few data are available to quantify the excretion of estrogenic compounds by dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to quantify variation in estrogenic activity in feces and urine due to increased dietary inclusion of phytoestrogens. Ten Holstein heifers were assigned to 2 groups balanced for age and days pregnant; groups were randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a 2-period crossover design. Dietary treatments consisted of grass hay or red clover hay, and necessary supplements. Total collection allowed for sampling of feed refusals, feces, and urine during the last 4 d of each period. Feces and urine samples were pooled by heifer and period, and base extracts were analyzed for estrogenic activity (estrogen equivalents) using the yeast estrogen screen bioassay. Feces and urine samples collected from 5 heifers were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify excretion of 7 phytoestrogenic compounds. Excretion of 17-beta estradiol equivalents in urine was higher and tended to be higher in feces for heifers fed red clover hay (84.4 and 120.2 mg/d for feces and urine, respectively) compared with those fed grass hay (57.4 and 35.6 mg/d). Analysis by LC-MS/MS indicated greater fecal excretion of equol, genistein, daidzein, coumestrol, and formononetin by heifers fed red clover hay (1634, 29.9, 96.3, 27.8, and 163 mg/d, respectively) than heifers fed grass hay (340, 3.0, 46.2, 8.8, and 18.3 mg/d, respectively). Diet had no effect on fecal biochanin A or 2-carbethoxy-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone. Four phytoestrogens were detected in urine (2-carbethoxy-5, 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, daidzein, equol, and formononetin) and their excretion was not affected by diet. Identifying sources of variation in estrogenic activity of manure will aid in the development of practices to reduce environmental estrogen accumulation.
C1 [Tucker, H. A.; Knowlton, K. F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Meyer, M. T.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
[Khunjar, W. O.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Love, N. G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Knowlton, KF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM knowlton@vt.edu
OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985
FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program
FX The authors thank Shane Brannock, Curtis Caldwell, Rachael Dunn, Dana
Gochenour, Karen Hall, Ashley Jones, Katharine Pike, Partha Pratim Ray,
William Saville, and Abigail Schmidt from the Virginia Tech Dairy Center
and Dairy Nutrition Lab (Blacksburg) for their assistance during sample
collection and analysis. Funding for the LC-MS/ MS phytoestrogen method
development was provided by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program.
Use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U. S. Government.
NR 26
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U1 0
U2 21
PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA
SN 0022-0302
J9 J DAIRY SCI
JI J. Dairy Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 93
IS 5
BP 2088
EP 2094
DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2657
PG 7
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology
SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology
GA 586VA
UT WOS:000276940800034
PM 20412924
ER
PT J
AU Pellerin, BA
Hernes, PJ
Saraceno, J
Spencer, RGM
Bergamaschi, BA
AF Pellerin, Brian A.
Hernes, Peter J.
Saraceno, JohnFranco
Spencer, Robert G. M.
Bergamaschi, Brian A.
TI Microbial Degradation of Plant Leachate Alters Lignin Phenols and
Trihalomethane Precursors
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; BY-PRODUCT PRECURSORS; AQUATIC HUMIC
SUBSTANCES; JOAQUIN RIVER DELTA; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; WATERSHED SOURCES;
EARLY DIAGENESIS; CARBON; SACRAMENTO; FATE
AB Although the importance of vascular plant-tit:lived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in freshwater systems has been studied, the role of leached DOC as precursors of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during drinking water treatment is not well known Here we measured the propensity of leachates from four crops and four aquatic macrophytes to form trihalomethanes (THMs)-a regulated class of DBPs-before and after 21 d of microbial degradation We also measured lignin phenol concern and specific UV absorbance (SUVA(254)) to test the assumption that aromatic compounds from vascular plants are resistant to microbial degradation and readily, form DBPs Leaching solubilized 9 to 26% of total plant carbon, which formed 1 93 to 6 72 mmol THM mol C(-1) However, leachate DOC concentrations decreased by 85 to 92% over the 21-d incubation, with a concomitant decrease of 67 to 92% in total THM formation potential Carbon-normalized THM yields in the residual DOC pool increased by 2 5 times on average, consistent with the preferential uptake of nonprecursor material. Lignin phenol concentrations decreased by 64 to 96% over 21 d, bur a lack of correlation between lignin content and THM yields or SUVA(254) suggested that lignin-derived compounds are nor the source of increased THM precursor yields in the residual DOC pool Our results indicate char microbial carbon utilization;duels THM precursors in ecosystems with direct plant leaching, but more work is needed to identify the specific dissolved organic matter components with a greater propensity to form DBPs and affect watershed management, drinking water quality, and human health
C1 [Pellerin, Brian A.; Saraceno, JohnFranco; Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Hernes, Peter J.; Spencer, Robert G. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Pellerin, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581
FU California Bay Delta Authority Drinking Water Program; NRC; USGS
California Water Science Center
FX We thank Jeanette Wrysinski, Sean Smuckler, and Frank Anderson for
sample collection and Kathryn Crepeau, Will Kerlin, Rachael Dyda, and
Cathleen Roush for lab analyses We also thank Roger Fujii, Dan Rain, Kim
Wickland, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier draft
of this manuscript This work was funded by a grant from the California
Bay Delta Authority Drinking Water Program and supported in part by an
NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship to B A P at the USGS California Water
Science Center The use of brand names in this manuscript is for
identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
Geological Survey
NR 47
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U1 3
U2 36
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 3
BP 946
EP 954
DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0487
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 589EL
UT WOS:000277129100019
PM 20400590
ER
PT J
AU Nolan, BT
Puckett, LJ
Ma, LW
Green, CT
Bayless, ER
Malone, RW
AF Nolan, Bernard T.
Puckett, Larry J.
Ma, Liwang
Green, Christopher T.
Bayless, E. Randall
Malone, Robert W.
TI Predicting Unsaturated Zone Nitrogen Mass Balances in Agricultural
Settings of the United States
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; TILE-DRAINAGE; CROP YIELD; NITRATE; TRANSPORT;
RZWQM; FATE; CORN; FLOW; COMPONENT
AB Unsaturated zone N fate and transport were evaluated at four sues to identify the predominant pathways of N cycling an almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) DA Webb] orchard and cornfield (Zea mays L) in the lower Merced River study basin, California, and corn soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] rotations in study basins at Maple Creek, Nebraska. and at Morgan Creek. Maryland We used inverse modeling with a new version of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) to estimate soil hydraulic and nitrogen transformation parameters throughout the unsaturated zone, previous versions were limited to 3-m depth and relied on manual calibration The overall goal of the modeling was to derive unsaturated zone N mass balances for die four sues RZWQM2 showed promise for deeper simulation profiles Relative root mean square error (RRMSE) values for predicted and observed nitrate concentrations in lysimeters were 0 40 and 0 52 for California (6 5 m depth) and Nebraska (10 m), respectively, and index of agreement (d) values were 0 60 and 0.71 (d varies between 0 and I. with higher values indicating better agreement) For the shallow simulation profile (1 m) in Maryland, RRMSE and d for nitrate were 0.22 and 0 86, respectively Except for Nebraska, predictions of average nitrate concentration at the bottom of the simulation profile agreed reasonably well with measured concentrations in monitoring wells The largest additions of N were predicted to come from inorganic fertilizer (153-195 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) its California) and N fixation (99 and 131 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in Maryland and Nebraska. respectively) Predicted N losses occurred primarily through plant uptake (144-237 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) and deep seepage our of the profile (56-102 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). Large reservoirs of organic N (up to 17,500 kg N ha(-1) m(-1) at Nebraska) were predicted to reside in the unsaturated zone, which has implications for potential future transfer of nitrate to groundwater
C1 [Nolan, Bernard T.; Puckett, Larry J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Ma, Liwang] USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Bayless, E. Randall] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA.
[Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Malone, Robert W.] USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
NR 34
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U1 4
U2 27
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 3
BP 1051
EP 1065
DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0310
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 589EL
UT WOS:000277129100030
PM 20400601
ER
PT J
AU Covault, JA
Romans, BW
Fildani, A
McGann, M
Graham, SA
AF Covault, Jacob A.
Romans, Brian W.
Fildani, Andrea
McGann, Mary
Graham, Stephan A.
TI Rapid Climatic Signal Propagation from Source to Sink in a Southern
California Sediment-Routing System
SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; LAKE ELSINORE; TURBIDITY
CURRENTS; TIME SCALES; RIVERS; RECORD; BASIN; FANS; OSCILLATIONS
AB Terrestrial source areas are linked to deep-sea basins by sediment-routing systems, which only recently have been studied with a holistic approach focused on terrestrial and submarine components and their interactions. Here we compare an extensive piston-core and radiocarbon-age data set from offshore southern California to contemporaneous Holocene climate proxies in order to test the hypothesis that climatic signals are rapidly propagated from source to sink in a spatially restricted sediment-routing system that includes the Santa Ana River drainage basin and the Newport deep-sea depositional system. Sediment cores demonstrate that variability in rates of Holocene deep-sea turbidite deposition is related to complex ocean-atmosphere interactions, including enhanced magnitude and frequency of the North American monsoon and El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycles, which increased precipitation and fluvial discharge in southern California. This relationship is evident because, unlike many sediment-routing systems, the Newport submarine canyon-and-channel system was consistently linked to the Santa Ana River, which maintained sediment delivery even during Holocene marine transgression and highstand. Results of this study demonstrate the efficiency of sediment transport and delivery through a spatially restricted, consistently linked routing system and the potential utility of deep-sea turbidite depositional trends as paleoclimate proxies in such settings.
C1 [Covault, Jacob A.; Romans, Brian W.; Fildani, Andrea] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Clast Stratig R&D, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA.
[McGann, Mary] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Graham, Stephan A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Covault, JA (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol Co, Clast Stratig R&D, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA.
EM jcovault@chevron.com
RI Fildani, Andrea/E-5956-2011; Romans, Brian/G-2035-2010;
OI Romans, Brian/0000-0002-3112-0326
NR 55
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U1 1
U2 12
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1376
J9 J GEOL
JI J. Geol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 118
IS 3
BP 247
EP 259
DI 10.1086/651539
PG 13
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 574IR
UT WOS:000275983100002
ER
PT J
AU Dudas, FO
Ispolatov, VO
Harlan, SS
Snee, LW
AF Dudas, Francis Oe
Ispolatov, Vladimir O.
Harlan, Stephen S.
Snee, Lawrence W.
TI Ar-40/Ar-39 Geochronology and Geochemical Reconnaissance of the Eocene
Lowland Creek Volcanic Field, West-Central Montana
SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; MAGMATISM; PROVINCE; IDAHO; AGE; SYSTEMATICS;
SUBDUCTION; MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION; STANDARDS
AB We report geochronological and geochemical data for the calc-alkalic Lowland Creek volcanic field (LCVF) in west-central Montana. Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations show that the LCVF was active from 52.9 to 48.6 Ma, with tuff-forming eruptions at 52.9 +/- 0.14 and 51.8 +/- 0.14 Ma. These dates span the age range of vigorous Eocene igneous activity in the Kamloops-Absaroka-Challis belt. The LCVF evolved upward from basal rhyolites (SiO2 > 71 wt%) to dacites and andesites (SiO2 < 62 wt%). Compositional change parallels a transition from early explosive volcanism to late effusive activity. Four geochemical components can be detected in the rocks. A component with Pb-206/Pb-204 < 16.5 and epsilon(Nd) near -15 is predominant in anhydrous, two-pyroxene dacites; hydrous rhyolites, rhyodacites, and dacites with epsilon(Nd) below -10 are dominated by a second component; hydrous rocks with Pb-206/Pb-204 > 18.3 and epsilon(Nd) > -9 contain a third component; and an andesite with low epsilon(Nd) content and epsilon(Nd) near -9 probably contains a fourth component. The first three components probably derive from the lower and middle crust, whereas the fourth is probably from the lithospheric mantle.
C1 [Dudas, Francis Oe] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Ispolatov, Vladimir O.] Barrick Gold Corp, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Harlan, Stephen S.] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Snee, Lawrence W.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Dudas, FO (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM fdudas@mit.edu
FU Old Dominion University (ODU); USGS
FX This study was initiated with a summer faculty research grant from Old
Dominion University (ODU) to F. O. Dudas, and with research
assistantships to V. O. Ispolatov. V. O. Ispolatov received field and
laboratory support from the USGS. Analytical expenses were subsidized by
Tark Geosciences of Billerica, MA. Thanks go to R. Carlson at the
Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of
Washington and to S. Bowring at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, for access to analytical facilities. We acknowledge field
assistance from E. Jensen, R. Lustwerk, and B. Weiner. S. Marshall
assisted with electron microprobe analyses at ODU. R. Yeoman assisted
with Ar isotopic analyses at the USGS. Discussions with R. Berg (Montana
Bureau of Mines and Geology), S. Janecke (Utah State University), and H.
Smedes helped focus and clarify the article. We also acknowledge the
comments of two anonymous reviewers.
NR 54
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U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1376
EI 1537-5269
J9 J GEOL
JI J. Geol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 118
IS 3
BP 295
EP 304
DI 10.1086/651523
PG 10
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 574IR
UT WOS:000275983100005
ER
PT J
AU Singh, PN
Wallender, WW
Maneta, MP
Lee, SL
Olsen, BA
AF Singh, Purnendu N.
Wallender, Wesley W.
Maneta, Marco P.
Lee, Stephen L.
Olsen, Beatrice A.
TI Sustainable Root Zone Salinity and Shallow Water Table in the Context of
Land Retirement
SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SALT TRANSPORT; SOILS; EQUATION; FLOW
AB This study uses five years of field data from the Land Retirement Demonstration Project located in western Fresno County of California to develop a comprehensive theoretical and numerical modeling framework to evaluate the specific site conditions required for a sustainable land retirement outcome based on natural drainage. Using field data, principles of mass balance in a control volume, the HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating one-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media, and a model-independent parameter optimizer, the processes of soil water and solute movement in root zone and deep vadose zone were investigated. The optimization of unsaturated soil hydraulic parameters and downward flux (natural drainage) from the control volume against observed vadose zone salinity levels and shallow groundwater levels yield difficult to obtain natural drainage rate as a function of water table height within the control volume. The results show that the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties and the downward flux from the soil profile are the critical parameters. A "natural drainage approach" to sustainable land management for drainage-impaired land is proposed. With this approach it is feasible to design a sustainable land use regimen for drainage-impaired lands in general and retired lands in particular.
C1 [Singh, Purnendu N.; Wallender, Wesley W.; Maneta, Marco P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Wallender, Wesley W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Maneta, Marco P.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Lee, Stephen L.] US Bur Reclamat, Interagency Land Retirement Team, US Dept Interior, Fresno, CA 93721 USA.
[Olsen, Beatrice A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Interagency Land Retirement Team, Fresno, CA 93721 USA.
RP Wallender, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM pnsingh@ucdavis.edu; wwwallender@ucdavis.edu
OI Singh, Purnendu/0000-0003-1729-7931
FU University of California
FX This research work has been financed by University of California
Salinity and Drainage Program.
NR 24
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U1 4
U2 11
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9437
EI 1943-4774
J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG
JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 5
BP 289
EP 299
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000065
PG 11
WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources
GA 583PU
UT WOS:000276691600001
ER
PT J
AU Chiu, YC
Nishikawa, T
Yeh, WWG
AF Chiu, Yung-Chia
Nishikawa, Tracy
Yeh, William W. -G.
TI Optimal Pump and Recharge Management Model for Nitrate Removal in the
Warren Groundwater Basin, California
SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Groundwater management; Artificial recharge; Calibration; Optimization;
Simulation models; Water resources; California
ID PARAMETER STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION; WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT;
CONJUNCTIVE-USE; SURFACE-WATER; OPTIMIZATION; SCALE; PLAIN
AB The town of Yucca Valley located in the southwest part of the Mojave Desert in southern California relies on groundwater pumping from the Warren groundwater basin as its sole source of water supply. This significant dependency has resulted in a large imbalance between groundwater pumpage and natural recharge, causing groundwater levels in the basin to decline more than 90 m from the late 1940s to 1994. Consequently, an artificial recharge program proposed by the Hi-Desert Water District, which provides water service to the town of Yucca Valley, was implemented for the purpose of recovering the groundwater levels; however, the rise in groundwater levels has caused nitrate (NO(3)) concentration to increase simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to develop an optimal pump and recharge strategy for a planned conjunctive-use project to remove the high-nitrate concentration while maintaining groundwater levels at desired elevations at specified locations as well as meeting water demand. An optimization/management model is formulated with a linear objective function and nonlinear constraints. The response matrix approach is used to link the optimization model with the simulation model. Because of nonlinearity, the response matrix is updated and iteration is required for convergence. A systematic scheme is also developed for finding a feasible initial policy. Three different scenarios are considered in the management model. The results obtained from each scenario are analyzed and discussed.
C1 [Chiu, Yung-Chia; Yeh, William W. -G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Nishikawa, Tracy] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego Project Off, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
RP Yeh, WWG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM ycchiu@ucla.edu; tnish@usgs.gov; williamy@seas.ucla.edu
FU NSF [EAR-0336952]; USGS [05HQGR0161]
FX This material is based on the work supported by NSF under Grant No.
EAR-0336952 and USGS under Grant No. 05HQGR0161.
NR 29
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U2 12
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9496
J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE
JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 3
BP 299
EP 308
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000034
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 583QJ
UT WOS:000276693200002
ER
PT J
AU Smith, DW
Bangs, EE
Oakleaf, JK
Mack, C
Fontaine, J
Boyd, D
Jimenez, M
Pletscher, DH
Niemeyer, CC
Meier, TJ
Stahler, DR
Holyan, J
Asher, VJ
Murray, DL
AF Smith, Douglas W.
Bangs, Edward E.
Oakleaf, John K.
Mack, Curtis
Fontaine, Joseph
Boyd, Diane
Jimenez, Michael
Pletscher, Daniel H.
Niemeyer, Carter C.
Meier, Thomas J.
Stahler, Daniel R.
Holyan, James
Asher, Valpha J.
Murray, Dennis L.
TI Survival of Colonizing Wolves in the Northern Rocky Mountains of the
United States, 1982-2004
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Canis lupus; gray wolf; mortality; Northern Rocky Mountains; protected
areas; survival
ID WOLF POPULATION; DISPERSAL; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS
AB After roughly a 60-year absence, wolves (Canis lupus) immigrated (1979) and were reintroduced (1995-1996) into the northern Rocky Mountains (NRM), USA, where wolves are protected under the Endangered Species Act. The wolf recovery goal is to restore an equitably distributed metapopulation of >= 30 breeding pairs and 300 wolves in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, while minimizing damage to livestock; ultimately, the objective is to establish state-managed conservation programs for wolf populations in NRM. Previously, wolves were eradicated from the NRM because of excessive human killing. We used Andersen-Gill hazard models to assess biological, habitat, and anthropogenic factors contributing to current wolf mortality risk and whether federal protection was adequate to provide acceptably low hazards. We radiocollared 711 wolves in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming (e.g., NRM region of the United States) from 1982 to 2004 and recorded 363 mortalities. Overall, annual survival rate of wolves in the recovery areas was 0.750 (95% CI = 0.728-0.772), which is generally considered adequate for wolf population sustainability and thereby allowed the NRM wolf population to increase. Contrary to our prediction, wolf mortality risk was higher in the northwest Montana (NWMT) recovery area, likely due to less abundant public land being secure wolf habitat compared to other recovery areas. In contrast, lower hazards in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) and central Idaho (CID) likely were due to larger core areas that offered stronger wolf protection. We also found that wolves collared for damage management purposes (targeted sample) had substantially lower survival than those collared for monitoring purposes (representative sample) because most mortality was due to human factors (e.g., illegal take, control). This difference in survival underscores the importance of human-caused mortality in this recovering NRM population. Other factors contributing to increased mortality risk were pup and yearling age class, or dispersing status, which was related to younger age cohorts. When we included habitat variables in our analysis, we found that wolves having abundant agricultural and private land as well as livestock in their territory had higher mortality risk. Wolf survival was higher in areas with increased wolf density, implying that secure core habitat, particularly in GYA and CID, is important for wolf protection. We failed to detect changes in wolf hazards according to either gender or season. Maintaining wolves in NWMT will require greater attention to human harvest, conflict resolution, and illegal mortality than in either CID or GYA; however, if human access increases in the future in either of the latter 2 areas hazards to wolves also may increase. Indeed, because overall suitable habitat is more fragmented and the NRM has higher human access than many places where wolves roam freely and are subject to harvest (e.g., Canada and AK), monitoring of wolf vital rates, along with concomitant conservation and management strategies directed at wolves, their habitat, and humans, will be important for ensuring long-term viability of wolves in the region.
C1 [Smith, Douglas W.; Stahler, Daniel R.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Wolf Project, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA.
[Bangs, Edward E.; Fontaine, Joseph] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
[Oakleaf, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mexican Wolf Project, Alpine, AZ 85920 USA.
[Mack, Curtis; Holyan, James] Nez Perce Tribe, Mccall, ID 83638 USA.
[Boyd, Diane; Pletscher, Daniel H.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Jimenez, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA.
[Niemeyer, Carter C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boise, ID 83709 USA.
[Stahler, Daniel R.] Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA.
[Asher, Valpha J.] Turner Endangered Species Fund, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA.
[Murray, Dennis L.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
RP Smith, DW (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Wolf Project, POB 168, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA.
EM doug_smith@nps.gov
FU Tapeats Foundation; Frank and Kay Yeager; Master-foods Corporation,
Patagonia; California Wolf Center; National Science Foundation
[DEB-0613730]
FX We would like to highlight the collaborative nature of both data
gathering and funding for this project. Federal, state, private, and
university cooperation were critical to its success. Primary
collaborators were the USFWS, YNP, Trent University, The Nez Perce
Tribe, the University of Montana, the University of Idaho, and the
Turner Endangered Species Fund. Funding came from all of these agencies
and organizations as well as an anonymous donor, the Tapeats Foundation,
Frank and Kay Yeager, Master-foods Corporation, Patagonia, the
California Wolf Center, and National Science Foundation grant
DEB-0613730. Many individuals also donated to the effort through
contributions to the Yellowstone Park Foundation. We would also like to
highlight help from various pilots, both fixed-wing and helicopter, who
were critical to the safe capture and monitoring of wolves in the
northern Rocky Mountain region of the United States. We appreciate
reviews of the manuscript by D. Ausband, O. Liberg, M. Mitchell, S.
Nadeau, C. Sime, and P. J. White. We especially thank D. Guernsey for
help with data management and E. Albers with graphics both of the
Yellowstone Wolf Project. Finally, numerous technicians and landowners
assisted with data gathering and we recognize their important
contribution.
NR 43
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PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 4
BP 620
EP 634
DI 10.2193/2008-584
PG 15
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 591MT
UT WOS:000277305800002
ER
PT J
AU Schwartz, CC
Haroldson, MA
White, GC
AF Schwartz, Charles C.
Haroldson, Mark A.
White, Gary C.
TI Hazards Affecting Grizzly Bear Survival in the Greater Yellowstone
Ecosystem
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Demography; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; grizzly bear; hazard models;
known-fate analysis; road density; secure habitat; source-sink dynamics;
survival; Ursus arctos
ID WHITEBARK-PINE; CUTTHROAT TROUT; HABITAT; CONSEQUENCES; MORTALITY;
RATES; MOUNTAINS; RECOVERY; MONTANA; ALBERTA
AB During the past 2 decades, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) has increased in numbers and expanded its range. Early efforts to model grizzly bear mortality were principally focused within the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone, which currently represents only about 61% of known bear distribution in the GYE. A more recent analysis that explored one spatial covariate that encompassed the entire GYE suggested that grizzly bear survival was highest in Yellowstone National Park, followed by areas in the grizzly bear Recovery Zone outside the park, and lowest outside the Recovery Zone. Although management differences within these areas partially explained differences in grizzly bear survival, these simple spatial covariates did not capture site-specific reasons why bears die at higher rates outside the Recovery Zone. Here, we model annual survival of grizzly bears in the GYE to 1) identify landscape features (i.e., foods, land management policies, or human disturbances factors) that best describe spatial heterogeneity among bear mortalities, 2) spatially depict the differences in grizzly bear survival across the GYE, and 3) demonstrate how our spatially explicit model of survival can be linked with demographic parameters to identify source and sink habitats. We used recent data from radiomarked bears to estimate survival (1983-2003) using the known-fate data type in Program MARK. Our top models suggested that survival of independent (age >= 2 yr) grizzly bears was best explained by the level of human development of the landscape within the home ranges of bears. Survival improved as secure habitat and elevation increased but declined as road density, number of homes, and site developments increased. Bears living in areas open to fall ungulate hunting suffered higher rates of mortality than bears living in areas closed to hunting. Our top model strongly supported previous research that identified roads and developed sites as hazards to grizzly bear survival. We also demonstrated that rural homes and ungulate hunting negatively affected survival, both new findings. We illustrate how our survival model, when linked with estimates of reproduction and survival of dependent young, can be used to identify demographically the source and sink habitats in the GYE. Finally, we discuss how this demographic model constitutes one component of a habitat-based framework for grizzly bear conservation. Such a framework can spatially depict the areas of risk in otherwise good habitat, providing a focus for resource management in the GYE.
C1 [Schwartz, Charles C.; Haroldson, Mark A.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci La, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci La, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov
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U1 15
U2 89
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 4
BP 654
EP 667
DI 10.2193/2009-206
PG 14
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 591MT
UT WOS:000277305800005
ER
PT J
AU Kirkpatrick, C
Conway, CJ
AF Kirkpatrick, Chris
Conway, Courtney J.
TI Importance of Montane Riparian Forest and Influence of Wildfire on
Nest-Site Selection of Ground-Nesting Birds
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Arizona; Cardellina rubrifrons; fire; ground-nesting birds; habitat
associations; Junco phaeonotus; montane riparian forest; nest-sites;
red-faced warbler; yellow-eyed junco
ID SUCCESS; MODEL; ARIZONA; CALL; FIRE
AB We studied breeding populations of 2 coexisting ground-nesting birds, the red-faced warbler (Cardellina rubrifrons) and yellow-eyed junco (Junco phaeonotus), in high-elevation (>2,000 m) forested drainages of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA. From 2004 to 2005, we 1) estimated density and nesting success of breeding populations of red-faced warblers and yellow-eyed juncos, 2) identified nest-site characteristics for each species (i.e., used sites vs. random plots), 3) compared nest-site characteristics between the 2 species, and 4) examined effects of a recent (2003) wildfire on distribution of nests of both species. In addition, we estimated the areal extent of montane riparian forest (the preferred breeding habitat of both species) within high-elevation forests of the Santa Catalina Mountains. We found that red-faced warblers and yellow-eyed juncos were the 2 most common ground-nesting birds within our study area with an average density of 2.4 and 1.4 singing males/ha, respectively, along drainage bottoms. Compared to random plots, most red-faced warbler and yellow-eyed junco nests were located close (<= 30 m) to drainage bottoms within a strip of montane riparian forest characterized by abundant brush, small woody debris, ferns, and forbs (both species), high number and diversity of saplings and small trees (red-faced warblers), and abundant shrubs and downed logs and less canopy cover (yellow-eyed juncos). Although both species nested in close proximity within montane riparian forest, nest-site characteristics differed between the 2 species, especially at finer spatial scales. For example, most yellow-eyed juncos nested adjacent to grass (principally Muhlenbergia spp.), whereas red-faced warblers nested adjacent to a variety of plant species, including grass, bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum), white fir (Abies concolor), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Both red-faced warblers and yellow-eyed juncos avoided nesting in areas burned during a recent wildfire. In addition, nesting success was low for red-faced warblers (13%) and yellow-eyed juncos (19%) following the wildfire, suggesting an indirect negative effect of fire on breeding populations in the short-term. Montane riparian forest appears to provide important breeding habitat for red-faced warblers and yellow-eyed juncos. However, little research or conservation planning has been directed toward montane riparian forest in the region, even though this forest type is limited in its areal extent (<11% of high-elevation forest in the Santa Catalina Mountains) and increasingly threatened by disturbance. Results from our study can be used to facilitate the management and conservation of breeding populations of red-faced warblers and yellow-eyed juncos in high-elevation forests of the southwestern United States.
C1 [Kirkpatrick, Chris; Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Kirkpatrick, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM kirkpatr@email.arizona.edu
FU Arizona Bird Conservation Initiative; United States Fish and Wildlife
Service; Sonoran Joint Venture, T E, Inc.; University of Arizona
FX The Arizona Bird Conservation Initiative, the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service, the Sonoran Joint Venture, T & E, Inc., and the
University of Arizona provided funding. M. H. Ali, S. B. Cariss, D.
Holstein-Radin, D. D. LaRoche, A. M. Purdy, E. T. Rose, D. Tracey, and
A. Westling-Douglass assisted with field work, J. Taiz (United States
Forest Service Coronado National Forest) provided logistical support, M.
H. Ali helped with data processing, and M. Borgstrom (University of
Arizona) assisted with statistical analyses. R. L. Peterson and the
University of Arizona Steward Observatory provided field housing and K.
Decker provided access to unpublished data. K. Decker, M. Setterington,
D. Twedt, and one anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on an
earlier draft of the manuscript.
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U1 1
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PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 4
BP 729
EP 738
DI 10.2193/2008-567
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 591MT
UT WOS:000277305800013
ER
PT J
AU Brand, LA
Stromberg, JC
Noon, BR
AF Brand, L. Arriana
Stromberg, Juliet C.
Noon, Barry R.
TI Avian Density and Nest Survival on the San Pedro River: Importance of
Vegetation Type and Hydrologic Regime
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Abert's towhee; abundance; Arizona; Bell's vireo; cottonwood; mesquite;
riparian; saltcedar; surface water; yellow-breasted chat
ID SALTCEDAR TAMARIX-CHINENSIS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE
RIO-GRANDE; BREEDING BIRDS; COLORADO RIVER; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; BROOD
PARASITISM; SPECIES RICHNESS; ABERTS TOWHEE; NEW-MEXICO
AB Lowland riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States is critically important for maintaining a high richness and density of breeding birds. Further investigation is needed within riparian corridors, however, to evaluate the relative importance of vegetation type and hydrologic regime for avian density and nest survival as targets for regional conservation or restoration efforts. We estimated the densities of 40 bird species and for species grouped on the basis of nest height and dependence on surface water in gallery cottonwood-willow (Populus spp.-Salix spp.) forests, saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) shrub lands, and terrace vegetation types along a gradient in the hydrologic regime of the San Pedro River, Arizona, USA. We also assessed nest survival for shrub-nesting insectivores and herbivores. Canopy-nesting birds as a group and 14 individual bird species reached their greatest densities in cottonwood forests regardless of the hydrologic regime. Water-dependent birds as a group reached their highest density in both intermittent-and perennial-flow cottonwood stands, but certain species occurred almost exclusively in perennial-flow sites. Two shrub-nesting species and the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) were most abundant in saltcedar shrub lands, and the brown-headed cowbird was most abundant in saltcedar stands with intermittent flows. Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) and big sacaton (Sporobolus wrightii) grassland each maintained the highest densities of certain species within >= 1 hydrologic regime. Shrub-nesting insectivores had the greatest nest survival in cottonwood, including Arizona Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii arizonae), and also had lower proportions of nests parasitized and preyed upon, although 95% confidence intervals among vegetation types overlapped. Nest survival for both shrub-nesting insectivores and herbivores was lowest in intermittent-flow saltcedar, although, again, confidence intervals overlapped. Nest survival was lower in parasitized than nonparasitized nests in mesquite and across vegetation types for Arizona Bell's vireo and in cottonwood for Abert's towhee (Pipilo aberti). Riparian management that maintains heterogeneous riparian vegetation types, including floodplain vegetation comprising cottonwood-willow gallery riparian forests with some stretches of perennial flow, are important for maintaining the high diversity and abundance of breeding birds on the San Pedro River and probably across the region. Cottonwood stands also appear to maintain highest nest survival for some shrub-nesting birds.
C1 [Brand, L. Arriana] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Sustainabil Semiarid Hydrol & Riparian Areas Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Stromberg, Juliet C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Noon, Barry R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Brand, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, 505 Azuar Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
EM arriana_brand@usgs.gov
FU Strategic Environment Research and Development project [CS-1100];
National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800]; United States Environmental
Protection Agency Integrated Modeling and Ecological Valuation EPA STAR
[2003-STAR-G2]
FX We thank S. S. Rosenstock, M. J. Chamberlain, F. R. Thompson, and 2
anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript. Data
collection for this research was funded by the Strategic Environment
Research and Development project CS-1100. Analysis and writing portions
for L. A. Brand were supported by Sustainability of Semi-Arid Hydrology
and Riparian Areas under the Science and Technology Center Program of
the National Science Foundation (agreement EAR-9876800), and the United
States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Modeling and
Ecological Valuation EPA STAR GRANT Program (2003-STAR-G2). We
appreciate the hard work of the field crew that assisted with data
collection on the San Pedro River. We also thank K. P. Burnham, B.
Dickson, T. Stanley, and R. J. Brand for statistical advice. The BLM,
San Pedro Project Office, provided access to the San Pedro National
Conservation Area as well as housing for the 4 summers of
data-collection effort. We are also grateful for permission granted by
numerous landowners to work on private lands. M. Dixon provided
vegetation data, and K. Benedict kindly provided the map of the study
area.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 4
BP 739
EP 754
DI 10.2193/2008-217
PG 16
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 591MT
UT WOS:000277305800014
ER
PT J
AU Rice, MB
Haukos, DA
Dubovsky, JA
Runge, MC
AF Rice, Mindy B.
Haukos, David A.
Dubovsky, James A.
Runge, Michael C.
TI Continental Survival and Recovery Rates of Northern Pintails Using
Band-Recovery Data
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas acuta; banding; Brownie model; harvest; North America; northern
pintail; recovery; survival
ID CALIFORNIA; POPULATIONS; AMERICA; VALLEY; DUCKS; MALLARDS; MODELS;
ALASKA
AB Unlike other North American prairie-nesting dabbling ducks, northern pintail (Anas acuta) populations have not increased since the early 1990s and remain well below the long-term average for traditional survey areas. Previously reported estimates of annual survival and recovery rates for pintails did not investigate any spatial or temporal factors to explain annual variation of these rates. We used band-recovery data from 1970 to 2003 to test the influence of temporal periods defined by differing harvest regulations and habitat conditions of breeding grounds with spatially delineated regions on survival and recovery rates of northern pintails in North America. We separated regions based on a multiresponse permutation procedure to identify banding blocks with dissimilar recovery distributions based on a cluster analysis. We categorized time by grouping years into temporal periods based on bag limits, season lengths, or overflight versus nonoverflight years. We used the Brownie approach in Program MARK to evaluate 46 a priori models estimating survival and recovery rates. The best approximating model indicated that survival varied with age, sex, and region with additive time and interactive time-by-age and time-by-region effects. Recovery rate was best represented by a fully interactive term comprised of age, sex, region, and year. There were no statistical differences among average annual survival point estimates between age and sex classes within each region, and our estimates were similar to previous unpublished studies. We found the eastern region had decreased survival and increased recovery rates compared to other regions. Trends in pintail survival suggest that variation in annual survival was not the cause of the initial decrease in the northern pintail population and is unlikely the dominant factor preventing the population from increasing. The influence of other population parameters, such as recruitment rate, should be investigated to further evaluate other causes for the population status of northern pintails. Use of the top-ranked model to estimate annual survival and recovery rates for northern pintails in North America, which indicated that annually varying estimates of survival rates were better supported by the data than grouping years into temporal classes (i.e., based on bag limits, season lengths, and overflight yr) can be used by managers and policy makers when considering annual harvest regulations and effects of conservation efforts. Managers should incorporate these estimates into future demographic studies of pintails as well as consider using the top-ranked model for future analyses of band-recovery data.
C1 [Rice, Mindy B.; Haukos, David A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Dubovsky, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Birds, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Dubovsky, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, State Programs, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Rice, MB (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM david.haukos@ttu.edu
RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011
OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X
FU USFWS Migratory Bird Management Office and Region 2 Migratory Bird
Management Office
FX This study was funded by the USFWS Migratory Bird Management Office and
Region 2 Migratory Bird Management Office. We thank R. Blohm, M. Koneff,
J. Haskins, and J. Cornely for coordinating and administering project
funding. We thank the Pintail Action Group for contributing suggestions
for data analyses and interpretation. R. Trost, J. Fleskes, M. Koneff,
and G. Boomer reviewed and provided comments that improved earlier
versions of the manuscript.
NR 38
TC 8
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 18
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 4
BP 778
EP 787
DI 10.2193/2008-598
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 591MT
UT WOS:000277305800017
ER
PT J
AU Caudell, JN
Shwiff, SA
Slater, MT
AF Caudell, Joe N.
Shwiff, Stephanie A.
Slater, Michael T.
TI Using a Cost-Effectiveness Model to Determine the Applicability of
OvoControl G to Manage Nuisance Canada Geese
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE biocontrol; Branta canadensis; Canada geese; cost analysis; OvoControl;
population control
AB OvoControl G is a relatively new product that reduces hatchability of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) eggs, and few data are available on its cost effectiveness. Variables such as presence of nontargets, alternative foods, and public support can affect cost efficacy. We present a model that uses these and other factors to estimate the cost of application of OvoControl G for managing nuisance Canada geese. We found that at low goose densities (<35 pairs of geese), fixed labor was a significant portion of costs. As goose densities increase, OvoControl G becomes more cost effective than other methods, such as egg oiling or addling. Managers can use this model to determine whether OvoControl G will provide a successful and cost-effective treatment for population control of Canada geese in specific management areas.
C1 [Caudell, Joe N.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Shwiff, Stephanie A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
[Slater, Michael T.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Oregon Dist Off, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
RP Caudell, JN (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 901 State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM joe.n.caudell@aphis.usda.gov
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 10
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 4
BP 843
EP 848
DI 10.2193/2008-470
PG 6
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 591MT
UT WOS:000277305800024
ER
PT J
AU Stetz, JB
Kendall, KC
Servheen, C
AF Stetz, Jeffrey B.
Kendall, Katherine C.
Servheen, Chirstopher
TI Evaluation of Bear Rub Surveys to Monitor Grizzly Bear Population Trends
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE bear rubs; grizzly bear; mark-recapture; Montana; noninvasive genetic
sampling; Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem; Pradel model; trend
monitoring; Ursus arctos
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; MARK-RECAPTURE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; URSUS-ARCTOS;
DEMOGRAPHIC CONTRIBUTIONS; NATIONAL-PARK; PROGRAM MARK; LAMBDA; MODELS;
BLACK
AB Wildlife managers need reliable estimates of population size, trend, and distribution to make informed decisions about how to recover at-risk populations, yet obtaining these estimates is costly and often imprecise. The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in northwestern Montana, USA, has been managed for recovery since being listed under the United States Endangered Species Act in 1975, yet no rigorous data were available to evaluate the program's success. We used encounter data from 379 grizzly bears identified through bear rub surveys to parameterize a series of Pradel model simulations in Program MARK to assess the ability of noninvasive genetic sampling to estimate population growth rates. We evaluated model performance in terms of 1) power to detect gender-specific and population-wide declines in population abundance, 2) precision and relative bias of growth rate estimates, and 3) sampling effort required to achieve 80% power to detect a decline within 10 years. Simulations indicated that ecosystem-wide, annual bear rub surveys would exceed 80% power to detect a 3% annual decline within 6 years. Robust-design models with 2 simulated surveys per year provided precise and unbiased annual estimates of trend, abundance, and apparent survival. Designs incorporating one survey per year require less sampling effort but only yield trend and apparent survival estimates. Our results suggest that systematic, annual bear rub surveys may provide a viable complement or alternative to telemetry-based methods for monitoring trends in grizzly bear populations.
C1 [Stetz, Jeffrey B.] Univ Montana, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
[Kendall, Katherine C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
[Servheen, Chirstopher] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Stetz, JB (reprint author), Univ Montana, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Glacier Field Stn, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
EM jstetz@usgs.gov
FU Blackfeet Nation; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes; Montana
Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana Department of Natural
Resources and Conservation; National Park Service; Northwest
Connections; United States Bureau of Land Management; Untied States Fish
and Wildlife Service; University of Montana; United States Geological
Survey; United States Forest Service
FX We thank G. White and J. Boulanger for assistance with concept and
simulation development. D. Paetkau and D. Roon oversaw all genetic
analyses. F. Allendorf, J. Beston, P. Krausman, A. Macleod, S. Miller,
S. Mills, D. Patterson, O. Rhodes, M. Sawaya, G. White, and 2 anonymous
reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. We
thank the hundreds of employees and volunteers who collected hair
samples under difficult field conditions, entered reams of data, and
processed thousands of hair samples. We also thank the following
agencies that provided data and substantial logistical and in-kind
support: Blackfeet Nation; Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes;
Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Montana Department of
Natural Resources and Conservation; National Park Service; Northwest
Connections; United States Bureau of Land Management; Untied States Fish
and Wildlife Service; and the University of Montana. Financial support
was provided by the United States Geological Survey and United States
Forest Service.
NR 53
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 5
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 4
BP 860
EP 870
DI 10.2193/2008-435
PG 11
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 591MT
UT WOS:000277305800026
ER
PT J
AU Fieberg, J
Cornicelli, L
Fulton, DC
Grund, MD
AF Fieberg, John
Cornicelli, Louis
Fulton, David C.
Grund, Marrett D.
TI Design and Analysis of Simple Choice Surveys for Natural Resource
Management
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE attitude survey; choice survey; deer management; discrete choice model;
human dimensions; nested logit model; stated preference survey
ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SELECTION; WILDLIFE; DAMAGE
AB We used a simple yet powerful method for judging public support for management actions from randomized surveys. We asked respondents to rank choices (representing management regulations under consideration) according to their preference, and we then used discrete choice models to estimate probability of choosing among options (conditional on the set of options presented to respondents). Because choices may share similar unmodeled characteristics, the multinomial logit model, commonly applied to discrete choice data, may not be appropriate. We introduced the nested logit model, which offers a simple approach for incorporating correlation among choices. This forced choice survey approach provides a useful method of gathering public input; it is relatively easy to apply in practice, and the data are likely to be more informative than asking constituents to rate attractiveness of each option separately.
C1 [Fieberg, John] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Biometr Unit, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA.
[Cornicelli, Louis] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN 55155 USA.
[Cornicelli, Louis] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Fulton, David C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Grund, Marrett D.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Farmland Res Unit, Madelia, MN 56062 USA.
RP Fieberg, J (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Biometr Unit, 5463-C W Broadway, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA.
EM john.fieberg@dnr.state.mn.us
FU United States Government; United States Geological Survey
FX We thank D. F. Staples, D. Fortin, and T. Duchesne for helpful comments
on earlier drafts of the manuscript and 2 anonymous reviews and the
associate editor for critical reviews. The use of trade, product,
industry or firm names or products or software or models, whether
commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does
not constitute an endorsement by the United States Government or the
United States Geological Survey.
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 4
BP 871
EP 879
DI 10.2193/2009-030
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 591MT
UT WOS:000277305800027
ER
PT J
AU Cook, RC
Cook, JG
Stephenson, TR
Myers, WL
Mccorquodale, SM
Vales, DJ
Irwin, LL
Hall, PB
Spencer, RD
Murphie, SL
Schoenecker, KA
Miller, PJ
AF Cook, Rachel C.
Cook, John G.
Stephenson, Thomas R.
Myers, Woodrow L.
Mccorquodale, Scott M.
Vales, David J.
Irwin, Larry L.
Hall, P. Briggs
Spencer, Rocky D.
Murphie, Shannon L.
Schoenecker, Kathryn A.
Miller, Patrick J.
TI Revisions of Rump Fat and Body Scoring Indices for Deer, Elk, and Moose
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Alces alces; body condition score; Cervus elaphus; elk; moose; mule
deer; nutritional condition; Odocoileus hemionus; rump fat;
ultrasonography
ID CARIBOU RANGIFER-TARANDUS; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; PREDICTIVE MODELS;
FEMALE CARIBOU; ALASKAN MOOSE; MULE DEER; FERTILITY; SIZE; MASS
AB Because they do not require sacrificing animals, body condition scores (BCS), thickness of rump fat (MAXFAT), and other similar predictors of body fat have advanced estimating nutritional condition of ungulates and their use has proliferated in North America in the last decade. However, initial testing of these predictors was too limited to assess their reliability among diverse habitats, ecotypes, subspecies, and populations across the continent. With data collected from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), elk (Cervus elaphus), and moose (Alces alces) during initial model development and data collected subsequently from free-ranging mule deer and elk herds across much of the western United States, we evaluated reliability across a broader range of conditions than were initially available. First, to more rigorously test reliability of the MAXFAT index, we evaluated its robustness across the 3 species, using an allometric scaling function to adjust for differences in animal size. We then evaluated MAXFAT, rump body condition score (rBCS), rLIVINDEX (an arithmetic combination of MAXFAT and rBCS), and our new allometrically scaled rump-fat thickness index using data from 815 free-ranging female Roosevelt and Rocky Mountain elk (C. e. roosevelti and C. e. nelsoni) from 19 populations encompassing 4 geographic regions and 250 free-ranging female mule deer from 7 populations and 2 regions. We tested for effects of subspecies, geographic region, and captive versus free-ranging existence. Rump-fat thickness, when scaled allometrically with body mass, was related to ingesta-free body fat over a 38-522-kg range of body mass (r(2) = 0.87; P < 0.001), indicating the technique is remarkably robust among at least the 3 cervid species of our analysis. However, we found an underscoring bias with the rBCS for elk that had > 12% body fat. This bias translated into a difference between subspecies, because Rocky Mountain elk tended to be fatter than Roosevelt elk in our sample. Effects of observer error with the rBCS also existed for mule deer with moderate to high levels of body fat, and deer body size significantly affected accuracy of the MAXFAT predictor. Our analyses confirm robustness of the rump-fat index for these 3 species but highlight the potential for bias due to differences in body size and to observer error with BCS scoring. We present alternative LIVINDEX equations where potential bias from rBCS and bias due to body size are eliminated or reduced. These modifications improve the accuracy of estimating body fat for projects intended to monitor nutritional status of herds or to evaluate nutrition's influence on population demographics.
C1 [Cook, Rachel C.; Cook, John G.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
[Stephenson, Thomas R.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Bishop, CA 93514 USA.
[Myers, Woodrow L.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Spokane Valley, WA 99216 USA.
[Mccorquodale, Scott M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Yakima, WA 98902 USA.
[Vales, David J.] Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, Auburn, WA 98092 USA.
[Irwin, Larry L.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA.
[Hall, P. Briggs] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA.
[Spencer, Rocky D.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, N Bend, WA 98045 USA.
[Murphie, Shannon L.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Montesano, WA 98563 USA.
[Schoenecker, Kathryn A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Miller, Patrick J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA.
RP Cook, RC (reprint author), Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
EM rachcook@verizon.net
NR 51
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 8
U2 56
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 4
BP 880
EP 896
DI 10.2193/2009-031
PG 17
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 591MT
UT WOS:000277305800028
ER
PT J
AU Knee, KL
Street, JH
Grossman, EE
Boehm, AB
Paytan, A
AF Knee, Karen L.
Street, Joseph H.
Grossman, Eric E.
Boehm, Alexandria B.
Paytan, Adina
TI Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean from submarine groundwater
discharge in a groundwater-dominated system: Relation to land use (Kona
coast, Hawaii, USA)
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID DELAYED COINCIDENCE COUNTER; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; SUB-TROPICAL
EMBAYMENT; CORAL-REEFS; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; HONOKOHAU HARBOR;
NITROGEN-SOURCES; GOLF COURSE; WATERS; ISLAND
AB We evaluated the magnitude and composition (in terms of salinity, (223)Ra and (224)Ra activity, and nutrient concentrations) of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) fluxes at 11 sites on the Kona coast of Hawaii. Discharging groundwater was typically brackish to saline and had high Ra activity relative to ocean water and fresher, inland groundwater. Brackish SGD fluxes, estimated using a mass-balance approach based on excess coastal ocean (224)Ra activity, ranged from 3 to 1300 L m(-1) of coastline min(-1). Fluxes of the freshwater component of SGD, calculated based on salinity, ranged from 2 to 310 L m(-1) min(-1). Nutrient fluxes into coastal waters from SGD varied by up to three orders of magnitude among sites. Nitrate + nitrite (N + N), phosphate, and silica concentrations showed strong, inverse linear correlations with salinity in coastal seawater and groundwater. These correlations were consistent with previous work that documented conservative mixing between fresh, high-nutrient groundwater and saline, low-nutrient seawater at a few coastal ocean sites. We extend this conservative relationship to more coastal ocean sites and to groundwater in the coastal aquifer. N + N concentrations in the fresh component of discharging groundwater were higher at sites near golf courses and those with a greater percentage of bare land within a 5-km radius, and silica concentrations in the fresh component of discharging groundwater were higher at sites with more bare land and lower population densities. However, neither urbanization nor agriculture was significantly correlated with groundwater nutrient concentrations on this relatively undeveloped coast.
C1 [Knee, Karen L.; Street, Joseph H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Knee, Karen L.; Street, Joseph H.; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Knee, KL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM klknee@stanford.edu
FU Mead Foundation; National Park Service; United States Geological Survey
FX We thank the following individuals and organizations for their help in
sample collection and analysis: Crystalline Breier, John Breier, Ying
Chen, Elizabeth Crook, Nick de Sieyes, Rachael Dyda, Katy Elsbury,
Andrea Erhardt, Tzvetie Erohina, Ellen Gray, Liz Griffith,
Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park staff, Kate Mackey, Jessica
Luo, Scott Wankel, Katy Yan, and Megan Young. Royal Kopperud and
Stanford Statistics Consulting provided statistical assistance. We also
acknowledge Kate Brauman, Nick de Sieyes, Gwyneth Hughes, Samantha Joye,
Daniel Keymer, Alyson Santoro, Greg Shellenbarger, Peter Swarzenski,
Megan Young, Naupaka Zimmerman, and three anonymous reviewers, who
provided information and comments that helped improve the quality of the
manuscript. This project was funded by the Mead Foundation, the National
Park Service, and the United States Geological Survey Coral Reef
Project.
NR 47
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 8
U2 38
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 3
BP 1105
EP 1122
DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.3.1105
PG 18
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 595YS
UT WOS:000277650900013
ER
PT J
AU De Vivo, B
Petrosino, P
Lima, A
Rolandi, G
Belkin, HE
AF De Vivo, Benedetto
Petrosino, Paola
Lima, Annamaria
Rolandi, Giuseppe
Belkin, Harvey E.
TI Research progress in volcanology in the Neapolitan area, southern Italy:
a review and some alternative views
SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID CAMPI-FLEGREI CALDERA; CAMPANIAN IGNIMBRITE ERUPTION;
MT.-SOMMA-VESUVIUS; PHLEGREAN VOLCANIC DISTRICT; SILICATE MELT
INCLUSIONS; MAGMA CHAMBER; PHLEGRAEAN FIELDS; FLUID INCLUSION; YELLOW
TUFF; GROUND DEFORMATIONS
AB Comprehensive reviews are given for the major volcanic systems that occur in the greater metropolitan area of Naples, southern Italy; Mt. Somma-Vesuvius to the east and the Campi Flegrei volcanic system to the west. Also included in the review is a detailed discussion of the large, highly explosive Campania Volcanic Zone (CVZ) ignimbrite events. These volcanic areas have been studied for more than 100 years, yet significant differences of opinion exist related to fundamental issues of origin and distribution. We present some alternative views related to petrogenesis on some issues based on more than 25 years of research. The relationship between risk assessment and management that impacts the threatened society or culture and the past and ongoing fundamental volcanological research is an essential part of the science. Countries with limited resources may be forced to accept an increased risk but even highly industrialized societies may not be able to completely eliminate deaths from volcanic eruptions. Scientific studies of the hazardous regions should be comprehensive and include reasonable alternative interpretations as this information reveals the level of confidence that must be conveyed to the public officials. The authors review the state of the art of risk assessment and management of the volcanic hazards in the Neapolitan region in light of the review of research.
C1 [De Vivo, Benedetto; Petrosino, Paola; Lima, Annamaria; Rolandi, Giuseppe] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-80134 Naples, Italy.
[Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP De Vivo, B (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via Mezzocannone 8, I-80134 Naples, Italy.
EM bdevivo@unina.it
OI PETROSINO, Paola/0000-0002-5506-8753; Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529
NR 227
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 12
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0930-0708
J9 MINER PETROL
JI Mineral. Petrol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 99
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 28
DI 10.1007/s00710-009-0098-6
PG 28
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 584AU
UT WOS:000276723200001
ER
PT J
AU Coombs, JA
Letcher, BH
Nislow, KH
AF Coombs, Jason A.
Letcher, B. H.
Nislow, K. H.
TI pedagog: software for simulating eco-evolutionary population dynamics
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE genotypes; heritability; natural selection; pedigree; sexual selection;
traits
ID FINITE POPULATION; PROGRAM; SIZE; MIGRATION; PEDIGREES; ALLELES;
SAMPLES; MODELS; NUMBER; TIME
AB pedagog is a Windows program that can be used to determine power for, and validate inferences drawn from, eco-evolutionary studies. It models dynamics of multiple populations and their interactions through individual-based simulations while simultaneously recording genotype, pedigree and trait information at the individual level. pedagog also allows for specification of heritable traits, natural and sexual selection acting upon those traits, population sampling schemes and incorporation of genetic and demographic errors into the output. Overall, parameters can be specified for genetic diversity, demographics, mating design, genetic and demographic errors, individual growth models, trait heritability and selection, and output formatting. Demographic parameters can be either age or function based, and all parameters can be drawn from 12 statistical distributions where appropriate. Simulation results can be automatically formatted for 57 existing software programs to facilitate postsimulation analyses. pedagog is freely available for download at https://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/pedigreesoftware/.
C1 [Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Letcher, B. H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
[Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Coombs, JA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM jcoombs@cns.umass.edu
NR 29
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1755-098X
EI 1755-0998
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 558
EP 563
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02803.x
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 579WI
UT WOS:000276407300019
PM 21565058
ER
PT J
AU Spencer, RGM
Aiken, GR
Dyda, RY
Butler, KD
Bergamaschi, BA
Hernes, PJ
AF Spencer, Robert G. M.
Aiken, George R.
Dyda, Rachael Y.
Butler, Kenna D.
Bergamaschi, Brian A.
Hernes, Peter J.
TI Comparison of XAD with other dissolved lignin isolation techniques and a
compilation of analytical improvements for the analysis of lignin in
aquatic settings
SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID TERRIGENOUS ORGANIC-MATTER; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FLOW
ULTRAFILTRATION; PLANT-TISSUES; CUO OXIDATION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CARBON;
RIVER; REACTIVITY
AB This manuscript highlights numerous incremental improvements in dissolved lignin measurements over the nearly three decades since CuO oxidation of lignin phenols was first adapted for environmental samples. Intercomparison of the recovery efficiency of three common lignin phenol concentration and isolation techniques, namely XAD, C(18) with both CH(3)OH (C(18)M) and CH(3)CN (C(18)A) used independently for priming and elution steps, and tangential flow filtration (TFF) for a range of aquatic samples including fresh, estuarine and marine waters, was undertaken. With freshwater samples XAD8-1, C(18)M and TFF were all observed to recover ca. 80-90% of the lignin phenols and showed no fractionation effects with respect to diagnostic lignin parameters. With estuarine and marine samples more lignin phenols were recovered with C(18)M and XAD8-1 than TFF because of the increased prevalence of low molecular weight lignin phenols in marine influenced samples. For marine systems, differences were also observed between diagnostic lignin parameters isolated via TFF vs. C(18)M and XAD8-1 as a result of the high molecular weight lignin phenols being less degraded than the bulk. Therefore, it is recommended for future studies of marine systems that only one technique is utilized for ease of intercomparison within studies. It is suggested that for studies solely aimed at recovering bulk dissolved lignin in marine environments that C(18)M and XAD8-1 appear to be more suitable than TFF as they recover more lignin. Our results highlight that, for freshwater samples, all three common lignin phenol concentration and isolation techniques are comparable to whole water concentrated by rotary evaporation (i.e. not isolated) but, that for marine systems, the choice of concentration and isolation techniques needs to be taken into consideration with respect to both lignin concentration and diagnostic parameters. Finally, as the study highlights XAD8-1 to be a suitable method for the isolation of dissolved lignin phenols from aquatic systems (statistically indistinguishable from C(18)M, P < 0.1), lignin data representative of whole waters can be produced for IHSS reference materials or other XAD sample archives. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Spencer, Robert G. M.; Dyda, Rachael Y.; Hernes, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Spencer, Robert G. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Aiken, George R.; Butler, Kenna D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Hernes, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM pjhernes@ucdavis.edu
RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012;
OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581
FU USGS National Research Project; NASA [NNH04AA621]
FX The study was supported by the USGS National Research Project
(http://water.usgs.gov/nrp), and by NASA Grant NNH04AA621. The use of
brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the US Geological Survey. We would like to
thank the Aqueous Organic Geochemistry Group at UC Davis and two
anonymous reviewers for constructive comments.
NR 46
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U1 0
U2 27
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0146-6380
J9 ORG GEOCHEM
JI Org. Geochem.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 41
IS 5
BP 445
EP 453
DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.02.004
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 598WY
UT WOS:000277871600003
ER
PT J
AU Krutz, LJ
Shaner, DL
Weaver, MA
Webb, RMT
Zablotowicz, RM
Reddy, KN
Huang, YB
Thomson, SJ
AF Krutz, L. Jason
Shaner, Dale L.
Weaver, Mark A.
Webb, Richard M. T.
Zablotowicz, Robert M.
Reddy, Krishna N.
Huang, Yanbo
Thomson, Steven J.
TI Agronomic and environmental implications of enhanced s-triazine
degradation
SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE enhanced biodegradation; modeling; leaching; weed control; pesticide
ID SP STRAIN ADP; ARTHROBACTER-AURESCENS TC1; ATRAZINE-DEGRADING BACTERIUM;
PROBABLE-NUMBER ENUMERATION; JAPANESE RIVERBED SEDIMENT; FRENCH
AGRICULTURAL SOILS; MAIZE RHIZOSPHERE SOIL; TEMPERATE HUMID ZONE;
PSEUDOMONAS SP; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES
AB Novel catabolic pathways enabling rapid detoxification of s-triazine herbicides have been elucidated and detected at a growing number of locations. The genes responsible for s-triazine mineralization, i.e. atzABCDEF and trzNDF, occur in at least four bacterial phyla and are implicated in the development of enhanced degradation in agricultural soils from all continents except Antarctica. Enhanced degradation occurs in at least nine crops and six crop rotation systems that rely on s-triazine herbicides for weed control, and, with the exception of acidic soil conditions and s-triazine application frequency, adaptation of the microbial population is independent of soil physiochemical properties and cultural management practices. From an agronomic perspective, residual weed control could be reduced tenfold in s-triazine-adapted relative to non-adapted soils. From an environmental standpoint, the off-site loss of total s-triazine residues could be overestimated 13-fold in adapted soils if altered persistence estimates and metabolic pathways are not reflected in fate and transport models. Empirical models requiring soil pH and s-triazine use history as input parameters predict atrazine persistence more accurately than historical estimates, thereby allowing practitioners to adjust weed control strategies and model input values when warranted. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Krutz, L. Jason; Zablotowicz, Robert M.; Reddy, Krishna N.; Huang, Yanbo; Thomson, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
[Shaner, Dale L.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Weaver, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
[Webb, Richard M. T.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Lakewood, CO USA.
RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA.
EM jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov
OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264; Zablotowicz,
Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133
NR 216
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 3
U2 31
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1526-498X
J9 PEST MANAG SCI
JI Pest Manag. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 66
IS 5
BP 461
EP 481
DI 10.1002/ps.1909
PG 21
WC Agronomy; Entomology
SC Agriculture; Entomology
GA 586RN
UT WOS:000276929800001
ER
PT J
AU Wiedmer, M
Montgomery, DR
Gillespie, AR
Greenberg, H
AF Wiedmer, Michael
Montgomery, David R.
Gillespie, Alan R.
Greenberg, Harvey
TI Late Quaternary megafloods from Glacial Lake Atna, Southcentral Alaska,
USA
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Matanuska; Knik; Megaflood; Outburst flood; Lake Atna; Rogen
moraines; DeGreer moraines; Pygmy whitefish
ID SENSITIVE MARINE CLAYS; PYGMY WHITEFISH; PROSOPIUM-COULTERI; LATE
PLEISTOCENE; ALTAY MOUNTAINS; RIVER; SIBERIA; GEOLOGY; ORIGIN;
WASHINGTON
AB Geomorphic, stratigraphic, geotechnical, and biogeographic evidence indicate that failure of a Pleistocene ice dam between 15.5 and 26 ka generated a megaflood from Glacial Lake Atna down the Matanuska Valley. While it has long been recognized that Lake Atna occupied >= 9000 km(2) of south-central Alaska's Copper River Basin, little attention has focused on the lake's discharge locations and behaviors. Digital elevation model and geomorphic analyses suggest that progressive lowering of the lake level by decanting over spillways exposed during glacial retreat led to sequential discharges down the Matanuska, Susitna, Tok, and Copper river valleys. Lake Atna's size, similar to 50 ka duration, and sequential connection to four major drainages likely made it a regionally important late Pleistocene freshwater refugium. We estimate a catastrophic Matanuska megaflood would have released 500-1400 km(3) at a maximum rate of >= 3 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1). Volumes for the other outlets ranged from 200 to 2600 km(3) and estimated maximum discharges ranged from 0.8 to 11.3 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1), making Lake Atna a serial generator of some of the largest known freshwater megafloods. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wiedmer, Michael] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn,Sch Forest Resources,Coll Envi, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Montgomery, David R.; Gillespie, Alan R.; Greenberg, Harvey] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Wiedmer, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn,Sch Forest Resources,Coll Envi, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM mwiedmer@u.washington.edu
FU University of Washington's Quaternary Research Center; University of
Washington's College of Forest Resources; Reed Fellowship; U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service State Wildlife [T-1-14 (P-10)]
FX Field work in 2008 was supported by the University of Washington's
Quaternary Research Center and aided by G. Wiedmer: 2009 analysis was
supported by the University of Washington's College of Forest Resources
and a Reed Fellowship to MW. Lake George fish assemblage sampling and
analysis was inspired by S. Hayes, assisted by J. Buckwalter, T.
Pietsch, and K. Pearson Maslenikov, and supported by U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant T-1-14 (P-10) to MW while at the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank T. Cox, Natural Resources
Conservation Service, for QuickBird imagery, M. Logsdon and J. Olden for
technical approaches, and J. Gale, L Holmes, and the residents of the
Matanuska-Susitna Borough for their help and understanding. S.
Kopczynski shared generously her experience and unpublished
Matanuska-Knik area data. We thank R. Reger, J. Curran, M. Gracz, R.
Waitt, T. Hamilton, F. Wilson, C. Hults, C. Torgersen, and B. Sheets for
their help strengthening early drafts. We thank V. Baker, R. Brown, and
G. Komatsu for insightful recommendations that greatly improved the
manuscript.
NR 91
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U1 1
U2 23
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 73
IS 3
BP 413
EP 424
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2010.02.005
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 594SH
UT WOS:000277557200001
ER
PT J
AU Walsh, MK
Pearl, CA
Whitlock, C
Bartlein, PJ
Worona, MA
AF Walsh, Megan K.
Pearl, Christopher A.
Whitlock, Cathy
Bartlein, Patrick J.
Worona, Marc A.
TI An 11 000-year-long record of fire and vegetation history at Beaver
Lake, Oregon, central Willamette Valley
SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
ID LATE QUATERNARY VEGETATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN
VANCOUVER-ISLAND; SMALL-HOLLOW SEDIMENTS; COASTAL RAIN-FOREST; BATTLE
GROUND LAKE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POSTGLACIAL VEGETATION;
OLYMPIC PENINSULA
AB High-resolution macroscopic charcoal and pollen analysis were used to reconstruct an 11 000-year-long record of fire and vegetation history from Beaver Lake, Oregon, the first complete Holocene paleoecological record from the floor of the Willamette Valley. In the early Holocene (ca 11 000-7500 calendar years before present [cal yr BP]), warmer, drier summers than at present led to the establishment of xeric woodland of Quercus, Corylus, and Pseudotsuga near the site. Disturbances (i.e., floods, fires) were common at this time and as a result Alnus rubra grew nearby. High fire frequency occurred in the early Holocene from ca 11 200-9300 cal yr BP. Riparian forest and wet prairie developed in the middle Holocene (ca 7500 cal yr BP), likely the result of a decrease in the frequency of flooding and a shift to effectively cooler, wetter conditions than before. The vegetation at Beaver Lake remained generally unchanged into the late Holocene (from 4000 cal yr BP to present), with the exception of land clearance associated with Euro-American settlement of the valley (ca 160 cal yr BP). Middle-to-late Holocene increases in fire frequency, coupled with abrupt shifts in fire-episode magnitude and charcoal composition, likely indicate the influence anthropogenic burning near the site. The paleoecological record from Beaver Lake, and in particular the general increase in fire frequency over the last 8500 years, differs significantly from other low-elevation sites in the Pacific Northwest, which suggests that local controls (e.g., shifts in vegetation structure, intensification of human land-use), rather than regional climatic controls, more strongly influenced its environmental history. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Walsh, Megan K.; Bartlein, Patrick J.; Worona, Marc A.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
[Pearl, Christopher A.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Whitlock, Cathy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Walsh, MK (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
EM mwalsh2@uoregon.edu
RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011
OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685
FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [04-2-1-115]; National Science Foundation
[ATM-0117160, ATM-0714146]; University of Oregon Department of
Geography; USDA [92-37101-7462, PNW-95-0453]; Oregon Department of
Transportation; Hardman Foundation; University of Oregon Graduate School
FX This research was supported by grants from the Joint Fire Sciences
Program (Project No. 04-2-1-115), National Science Foundation
(ATM-0117160 and ATM-0714146), and the University of Oregon Department
of Geography. Analysis of BL93A was supported by USDA-NRICGP Grant
#92-37101-7462 to Peter Schoonmaker, USDA Forest Service Cooperative
Agreement PNW-95-0453, the Oregon Department of Transportation, the
Hardman Foundation, and the University of Oregon Graduate School. Megan
Walsh carried out the collection and analysis of core BL05B and wrote
the manuscript. Christopher Pearl carried out the collection and
analysis of core BL93A and assisted with writing the manuscript. Cathy
Whitlock assisted with field work, data analysis and interpretation, and
edited the manuscript. Patrick Bartlein assisted with data analysis and
interpretation and edited the manuscript. Marc Worona undertook the
pollen analysis of Core BL93A. Jane Kertis (USDA Forest Service Suislaw
National Forest), Emily Heyerdahl (USDA Rocky Mountain Station Fire
Sciences Laboratory), and Tom Connolly (University of Oregon Museum of
Natural History) provided useful comments and insights on this research.
We thank Douglas Hallett and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful
feedback on the manuscript. We also thank James Budahn (US Geological
Survey) for 210lead dating; J. Marlon, S. Hineline, H. Van
Vactor, and T. Lancaster for field and laboratory assistance; and P.
Higuera for help with charcoal analysis programs.
NR 95
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U1 0
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0277-3791
J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV
JI Quat. Sci. Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 9-10
BP 1093
EP 1106
DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.011
PG 14
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 598DM
UT WOS:000277813300004
ER
PT J
AU Ciotti, D
Griffith, SM
Kann, J
Baham, J
AF Ciotti, D.
Griffith, S. M.
Kann, J.
Baham, J.
TI Nutrient and Sediment Transport on Flood-Irrigated Pasture in the
Klamath Basin, Oregon
SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE grass; grazing; irrigation; nitrogen; pasture; water quality
ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PERENNIAL PASTURE; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; WATER-QUALITY;
NITROGEN; RUNOFF; LOSSES; LIVESTOCK; DRAINAGE; LAND
AB Distinguishing between anthropogenic and natural sources of sediment and nutrients is important for water resource management in irrigated basins. Water quality of flood irrigation was monitored at the field scale in the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, on two unfertilized cattle pastures that were 2 ha (Site 1) and 70 ha (Site 2) in area. Water samples were analyzed for concentrations of sediment, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), orthophosphate, ammonium-N (NH(4)(+)-N), and nitrate-N (NO(3)(-) -N). At both sites the TDN concentration was significantly greater in surface runoff than in applied irrigation water (P < 0.05). Site 1 sediment and TDP concentrations were significantly greater in irrigation surface runoff than in applied irrigation water (P < 0.05). A first flush during irrigation was observed at Site 1 where nutrient concentration was at maximum value during the first 3 h of surface runoff. At Site 2 the surface runoff sediment and TDP concentrations were not significantly (P > 0.05) higher than the applied irrigation, except when cattle were present. When export was measured, the mean yield of sediment and TDN per irrigation was 23.9 kg N . ha(-1) and 0.26 kg N . ha(-1), respectively, and there was a net retention of TDP of 0.04 kg P . ha(-1). NH(4)(+)-N export occurred during one irrigation event yielding 0.15 kg N . ha(-1). NO(3)(-) -N export was minimal or undetected. A late summer storm event resulted in pasture surface runoff concentrations of TDN and TDP that were 33 and 3 times higher, respectively, than irrigation source water concentrations. The TDN was significantly higher in subsurface runoff than it was in applied irrigation water (P < 0.05). Improved irrigation efficiency might prevent many of the nutrient and sediment transport mechanisms observed during this study.
C1 [Griffith, S. M.] ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Ciotti, D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Klamath Falls Fish & Wildlife Off, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA.
[Kann, J.] Aquat Ecosyst Sci LLC, Ashland, OR 97520 USA.
[Baham, J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, USDA, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM Steve.Griffith@ars.usda.gov
NR 40
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U1 0
U2 6
PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT
PI LAKEWOOD
PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA
SN 1550-7424
J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG
JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 3
BP 308
EP 316
DI 10.2111/08-127.1
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 602YU
UT WOS:000278175800005
ER
PT J
AU Pyke, DA
Brooks, ML
D'Antonio, C
AF Pyke, David A.
Brooks, Matthew L.
D'Antonio, Carla
TI Fire as a Restoration Tool: A Decision Framework for Predicting the
Control or Enhancement of Plants Using Fire
SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE fire prescriptions; fire regime; life form; plant reproduction;
resilience; vital attributes
ID FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; SOIL TEMPERATURES; WOODY-PLANTS; MANAGEMENT;
AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPES
AB Wildfires change plant communities by reducing dominance of some species while enhancing the abundance of others. Detailed habitat-specific models have been developed to predict plant responses to fire, but these models generally ignore the breadth of fire regime characteristics that can influence plant survival such as the degree and duration of exposure to lethal temperatures. We provide a decision framework that integrates fire regime components, plant growth form, and survival attributes to predict how plants will respond to fires and how fires can be prescribed to enhance the likelihood of obtaining desired plant responses. Fires are driven by biotic and abiotic factors that dictate their temporal (seasonality and frequency), spatial (size and patchiness), and magnitude (intensity, severity, and type) components. Plant resistance and resilience to fire can be categorized by a combination of life form, size, and ability to disperse or protect seeds. We use a combination of life form and vital plant attributes along with an understanding of fire regime components to suggest a straightforward way to approach the use of fire to either reduce or enhance particular species. A framework for aiding decisions is organized by life form and plant size. Questions regarding perennating bud and seed characteristics direct restoration practitioners to fire regimes that may achieve their management objectives of either increasing or decreasing plants with specific life form characteristics.
C1 [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA.
[D'Antonio, Carla] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Joint Fire Science Program [05-S-08]; U.S. Geological Survey,
Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center [9354-AKFC1]
FX We thank S. Sullivan, J. DiTomaso for discussions and encouragement
regarding this framework; two anonymous USGS reviewers, two Restoration
Ecology reviewers, and C. Grant for helpful improvements to the article.
This is contribution number 30 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment
Evaluation Project (SageSTEP Proj #05-S-08), funded by the U.S. Joint
Fire Science Program. Additional financial support came from U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center,
Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project (9354-AKFC1).
NR 67
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U1 3
U2 36
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1061-2971
J9 RESTOR ECOL
JI Restor. Ecol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 3
BP 274
EP 284
DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00658.x
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 590DY
UT WOS:000277205400003
ER
PT J
AU Lynch, DK
Hudnut, KW
Dearborn, DSP
AF Lynch, David K.
Hudnut, Kenneth W.
Dearborn, David S. P.
TI Low-altitude Aerial Color Digital Photographic Survey of the San Andreas
Fault
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Lynch, David K.; Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Dearborn, David S. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Lynch, DK (reprint author), POB 953, Topanga, CA 90290 USA.
EM dave@caltech.edu
RI Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009
OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797
FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) [09084]
FX This work was funded in part by the Southern California Earthquake
Center (SCEC) via SCEC research award 09084 to make hyper-accurate maps
of the SAF in concert with B4 aerial lidar imagery taken in 2005. The
USGS office in Pasadena provided the Nikon D90 camera and GPS-1 EXIF
encoder. The authors are grateful to Katherine Kendrick and Rich Briggs
of the USGS for thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. Stephen Mazuk and
Mitzi Adams assisted with organizing and cata-loging the photographs. We
thank Charles McLaughlin and Barry Hansen of Aspen Helicopters for
expert piloting, and Rick Throckmorton and Jim McCrory for excellent
ground support.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0895-0695
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 3
BP 453
EP 459
DI 10.1785/gssrl.81.3.453
PG 7
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 596EV
UT WOS:000277668500003
ER
PT J
AU Smith, WD
Harmsen, SC
AF Smith, Warwick D.
Harmsen, Stephen C.
TI Displaying Seismic Deaggregation: The Importance of the Various Sources
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION; RESPONSE SPECTRA;
EARTHQUAKE; PERIODS; MODEL; PGV
C1 [Smith, Warwick D.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
[Harmsen, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Smith, WD (reprint author), GNS Sci, POB 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
EM w.smith@gns.cri.nz; harmsen@usgs.gov
NR 20
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U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0895-0695
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 3
BP 488
EP 497
DI 10.1785/gssrl.81.3.488
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 596EV
UT WOS:000277668500007
ER
PT J
AU Thompson, G
West, ME
AF Thompson, Glenn
West, Michael E.
TI Real-time Detection of Earthquake Swarms at Redoubt Volcano, 2009
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MONTSERRAT; TREMOR
C1 [Thompson, Glenn] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Thompson, G (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM gthompson@alaska.edu
NR 23
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Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0895-0695
EI 1938-2057
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 3
BP 505
EP 513
DI 10.1785/gssrl.81.3.505
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 596EV
UT WOS:000277668500009
ER
PT J
AU Fan, ZS
Neff, JC
Wickland, KP
AF Fan, Zhaosheng
Neff, Jason C.
Wickland, Kimberly P.
TI Modeling the Production, Decomposition, and Transport of Dissolved
Organic Carbon in Boreal Soils
SO SOIL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Black spruce; boreal; carbon; advection; diffusion; inversion
ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; STOCHASTIC RANKING;
MICROBIAL BIOMASS; POROUS-MEDIA; FOREST; EXPORT; WATER; MATTER;
PERMAFROST
AB The movement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through boreal ecosystems has drawn increased attention because of its potential impact on the feedback of OC stocks to global environmental change in this region. Few models of boreal DOC exist. Here we present a one-dimensional model with simultaneous production, decomposition, sorption/desorption, and transport of DOC to describe the behavior of DOC in the OC layers above the mineral soils. The field-observed concentration profiles of DOC in two moderately well-drained black spruce forest sites (one with permafrost and one without permafrost), coupled with hourly measured soil temperature and moisture, were used to inversely estimate the unknown parameters associated with the sorption/desorption kinetics using a global optimization strategy. The model, along with the estimated parameters, reasonably reproduces the concentration profiles of DOC and highlights some important potential controls over DOC production and cycling in boreal settings. The values of estimated parameters suggest that humic OC has a larger potential production capacity for DOC than fine OC, and most of the DOC produced from fine OC was associated with instantaneous sorption/desorption whereas most of the DOC produced from humic OC was associated with time-dependent sorption/desorption. The simulated DOC efflux at the bottom of soil OC layers was highly dependent on the component and structure of the OC layers. The DOC efflux was controlled by advection at the site with no humic OC and moist conditions and controlled by diffusion at the site with the presence of humic OC and dry conditions.
C1 [Fan, Zhaosheng; Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Fan, ZS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM fanz@colorado.edu
RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012;
OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590
FU National Institute for Climate Change Research, U.S. Department of
Energy [MPC 35UT-01]
FX This research was based on the work supported by the National Institute
for Climate Change Research, U.S. Department of Energy (Grant No. MPC
35UT-01). Kenna Butler (U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO) assisted
with laboratory analyses of dissolved organic carbon, and George Aiken
(U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO) consulted on aspects of the field
study. The authors also greatly appreciate the helpful comments from M.
A. Walvoord (U.S. Geological Survey, Lake-wood, CO) and E. Stets (U.S.
Geological Survey, Boulder, CO). The use of trade, product, industry, or
firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 56
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U1 2
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PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0038-075X
J9 SOIL SCI
JI Soil Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 175
IS 5
BP 223
EP 232
DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181e0559a
PG 10
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 602CT
UT WOS:000278116800004
ER
PT J
AU McFarlane, KJ
Schoenholtz, SH
Powers, RF
Perakis, SS
AF McFarlane, Karis J.
Schoenholtz, Stephen H.
Powers, Robert F.
Perakis, Steven S.
TI Soil Organic Matter Stability in Intensively Managed Ponderosa Pine
Stands in California
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID BELOW-GROUND CARBON; FOREST SOILS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; NUTRIENT
AVAILABILITY; DENSITY FRACTIONATION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; VEGETATION
CONTROL; 10-YEAR RESPONSES; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST
AB Forest soils comprise a large portion of the global terrestrial C pool, and soil organic matter (SOM) is essential to soil function and forest productivity; however, responses of SOM quality to changes in fertility, moisture availability, or management are not well understood. We tested the effects of two common forest management practices, fertilization and competing vegetation control using herbicides, on surface SOM distribution and stability characteristics in three ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Lawson & C. Lawson) plantations of differing productivity, soil type, and parent material in northern California by using density fractionation and aerobic laboratory incubation of the surface soils. The treatment effects on pine productivity revealed responses dominated by moisture limitation at the less productive sites and by nutrient hesitation at the most productive site. The stability of surface SOM increased with increasing site productivity. Fertilization increased N concentrations and decreased C/N ratios in whole soils and light fractions at the less productive sites, and the effects persisted for more than a decade. Furthermore, fertilization increased soil C mineralization from the intermediate-productivity site during incubation. In contrast, fertilization decreased C mineralization from the most productive site, suggesting that fertilization increased SOM stabilization at this site. Controlling understory vegetation with herbicides reduced N availability, as evidenced by reduced light-fraction N at the poorest site and decreased N mineralization during incubation. Our study demonstrates the importance of site characteristics and the use of a combination of indices in determining the effects of forest management practices on SOM characteristics and dynamics.
C1 [McFarlane, Karis J.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.
[Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.
[Powers, Robert F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA.
[Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP McFarlane, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, POB 808,L-397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM mcfarlane3@llnl.gov
OI McFarlane, Karis/0000-0001-6390-7863
FU National Fire Plan; Sierra-Cascade Intensive Forest Management Research
Cooperative; Sierra Pacific Industries; U.S. Department of Energy;
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]
FX Bert Spear and Dave Young provided help in sample collection. Christina
Catricala, Melissa McCartney, and Michele Pruyn provided laboratory
assistance. Elizabeth Sulzman, Susan Crow, and Phil Sollins shared
thoughtful and extremely helpful advice concerning the selection and
application of methods for characterizing SOM. Dave Myrold and Chris
Swanston provided similar advice in addition to constructive comments on
the manuscript. Rob Slesak and Tom Guilderson also reviewed drafts of
the manuscript. Financial support for this study was provided by the
National Fire Plan, the Sierra-Cascade Intensive Forest Management
Research Cooperative, and Sierra Pacific Industries. Land and labor were
provided by W.M. Beaty & Associates, Crane Mills, and Sierra Pacific
Industries. A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of
the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. The use of
trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the
convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official
endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government of any product or service
to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
NR 91
TC 7
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 21
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 3
BP 979
EP 992
DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0062
PG 14
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 593YZ
UT WOS:000277500600029
ER
PT J
AU Kelley, SW
Mills, DR
AF Kelley, Samuel W.
Mills, Dana R.
TI A NEW RECORD OF THE PARASITIC BEAVER BEETLE (PLATYPSYLLUS CASTORIS) FROM
TEXAS
SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Kelley, Samuel W.] US Geol Survey, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA.
Midwestern State Univ, Dept Biol, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA.
RP Kelley, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA.
EM skelley@usgs.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU TEXAS ACAD SCI
PI KERRVILLE
PA CMB 6252, SCHREINER UNIV, KERRVILLE, TX 78028-5697 USA
SN 0040-4403
J9 TEX J SCI
JI Tex. J. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 62
IS 2
BP 149
EP 153
PG 5
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 739PJ
UT WOS:000288729900004
ER
PT J
AU Bronte, CR
Hoff, MH
Gorman, OT
Thogmartin, WE
Schneeberger, PJ
Todd, TN
AF Bronte, Charles R.
Hoff, Michael H.
Gorman, Owen T.
Thogmartin, Wayne E.
Schneeberger, Philip J.
Todd, Thomas N.
TI Decline of the Shortjaw Cisco in Lake Superior: the Role of Overfishing
and Risk of Extinction
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; HERRING
COREGONUS-ARTEDII; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SALMONID COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB;
MICHIGAN WATERS; FISH COMMUNITY; SPECIES FLOCK; EXPLOITATION
AB Recent reviews have further documented the decline of the shortjaw cisco Coregonus zenithicus in Lake Superior. This fish was the most abundant deepwater cisco species in Lake Superior in the early 1920s but presently makes up less than 1% of all deepwater ciscoes (i.e., including shortjaw cisco, bloater C. hoyi, and kiyi C. kiyi) captured in biological surveys. Directed overfishing of deepwater cisco species during the 1930s and again during the mid-1960s and 1970s has been suggested as the cause of the shortjaw cisco's demise. In this paper, we re-examined the overfishing hypothesis by using historical and recent survey data to estimate the proportion of the historical commercial fishery landings that comprised shortjaw ciscoes. We developed time series of estimated harvest and relative abundance for all statistical districts in Michigan waters of Lake Superior during 1929-1996, for which aggregate catch and effort data were available but not previously examined. The spatial distribution of the fishery and the relationships of catch to fishing effort were examined for evidence of overfishing. Our analysis suggested that directed overfishing was probably not the cause of shortjaw cisco demise, as this species appeared to be declining in all statistical districts regardless of the intensity of the fishery. A count-based population viability analysis indicated that quasi-extinction of the shortjaw cisco is highly probable in the near future. We propose an alternative hypothesis based on the decline of Lake Superior's keystone predator, the lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, which resulted in an expansion of the population of its principal prey, the cisco C. artedi, due to release from predation pressure. Competitive or predation interactions between the cisco and shortjaw cisco may be more likely explanations for the demise of the latter species.
C1 [Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA.
[Hoff, Michael H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fisheries, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA.
[Gorman, Owen T.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
[Thogmartin, Wayne E.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Schneeberger, Philip J.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA.
[Todd, Thomas N.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Bronte, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA.
EM charles_bronte@fws.gov
RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008
OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279
NR 74
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 21
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 3
BP 735
EP 748
DI 10.1577/T09-019.1
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 595UQ
UT WOS:000277639200010
ER
PT J
AU Duffy, EJ
Beauchamp, DA
Sweeting, RM
Beamish, RJ
Brennan, JS
AF Duffy, Elisabeth J.
Beauchamp, David A.
Sweeting, Ruston M.
Beamish, Richard J.
Brennan, James S.
TI Ontogenetic Diet Shifts of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in Nearshore and
Offshore Habitats of Puget Sound
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EARLY MARINE GROWTH;
PINK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
CHUM SALMON; HIGH SURVIVAL; OCEAN GROWTH
AB Marine growth and survival of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha depend in part on the quality and quantity of prey consumed during this potentially critical life stage; however, little is known about the early marine diet of these fish or factors that affect the diet's variability. We examined the recent (2001-2007) dietary habits of Puget Sound, Washington, Chinook salmon (listed as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act) during their first marine growing season (April-September). Juvenile Chinook salmon initially fed in nearshore marine habitats and then shifted to feed primarily offshore during July-September. Diet composition varied significantly among sampling regions (northern, central, and southern), habitats (nearshore, offshore), years, months, and fish size-classes. At nearshore sites, insects (all months) and gammarid amphipods (July) were dominant prey sources, whereas in offshore diets decapods (primarily crab larvae; July) and fish (September) were most important. Chinook salmon became increasingly piscivorous as they grew and ate fish with fork lengths up to 51% (nearshore) and 52% (offshore) of predator fork length. At nearshore sites, Chinook salmon fed mainly on larval and juvenile Pacific sand lances Ammodytes hexapterus; offshore, they primarily ate juvenile and older Pacific herring Clupea pallasii. Overall, Chinook salmon had more diverse diets and ate higher-quality prey (insects) in northern nearshore and central offshore waters, whereas Chinook salmon caught in the southern nearshore and northern offshore waters had a lower proportion of empty stomachs but ate lower-quality prey (crustaceans). Annual variation in the composition of offshore prey appeared to be determined early in the growing season, suggesting that environmental factors (e. g., climate) affecting marine productivity might produce strong interannual trends in marine survival of Puget Sound Chinook salmon. In addition, the importance of insects as high-quality prey highlighted the terrestrial link to the marine feeding of Chinook salmon and suggests that shoreline development and land use changes will affect feeding opportunities for these fish in Puget Sound.
C1 [Duffy, Elisabeth J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Sweeting, Ruston M.; Beamish, Richard J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
[Brennan, James S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
RP Duffy, EJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM ejduffy@u.washington.edu
FU University of Washington
FX This study was made possible by funding from the Hatchery Scientific
Review Group, a University of Washington H. Mason Keeler fellowship, the
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), the Washington Sea
Grant, and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit.
Thanks to Ray Buckley (WDFW) and the many hard workers of D. A.
Beauchamp's laboratory, including Nathanael Overman, Chris Sergeant,
Michael Humling, Angie Lind-Null, Steve Damm, and others for their
tireless efforts during nearshore sampling in the northern and southern
regions. Nearshore sampling in the central region was made possible by
funding from the King Conservation District, with support from the
Central Puget Sound andWater Reserve Inventory Area 9 forums. We extend
thanks to the staff from the King County Department of Natural Resources
and Parks and the Washington Conservation Corps for assistance in the
field and to Kathryn Sobocinski and other members of the Wetland
Ecosystem Team laboratory at the University of Washington for help with
diet analysis. The offshore sampling was made possible by the Canada
Department of Fisheries and Oceans. We are grateful to Carol Cooper for
her consistent and careful analysis of stomach contents and her patient
instruction. Thanks to the many people that helped with the field work,
including Nathan Ambers, Elysha Gordon, and Krista Lange. We are also
grateful to the crews of the RV Ricker, FVViking Storm, and FV Frosti
for their enthusiasm and hard work.
NR 77
TC 27
Z9 26
U1 3
U2 30
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 3
BP 803
EP 823
DI 10.1577/T08-244.1
PG 21
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 595UQ
UT WOS:000277639200016
ER
PT J
AU Wipfli, MS
Hudson, JP
Caouette, JP
Mitchell, NL
Lessard, JL
Heintz, RA
Chaloner, DT
AF Wipfli, Mark S.
Hudson, John P.
Caouette, John P.
Mitchell, Nicole L.
Lessard, Joanna L.
Heintz, Ron A.
Chaloner, Dominic T.
TI Salmon Carcasses Increase Stream Productivity More than Inorganic
Fertilizer Pellets: A Test on Multiple Trophic Levels in Streamside
Experimental Channels
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; SOUTHEAST ALASKAN STREAMS; MARINE-DERIVED
NUTRIENTS; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; PACIFIC SALMON; RESIDENT SALMONIDS;
ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SPAWNING SALMON; FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
AB Inorganic nutrient amendments to streams are viewed as possible restoration strategies for reestablishing nutrients and stream productivity throughout the western coast of North America, where salmon runs and associated marine-derived nutrient subsidies have declined. In a mesocosm experiment, we examined the short-term (6 weeks) comparative effects of artificial nutrient pellets and salmon carcasses, alone (low and high amounts) and in combination, on stream food webs. Response variables included dissolved nutrient concentrations, biofilm ash-free dry mass (AFDM) and chlorophyll-a levels, macroinvertebrate density, growth and body condition of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, and whole-body lipid content of invertebrates and juvenile coho salmon. Most of the response variables were significantly influenced by carcass treatment; the only response variable significantly influenced by fertilizer pellet treatment was soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration. Ammonium-nitrogen concentration was the only response variable affected by both (low and high) levels of carcass treatment; all others showed no significant response to the two carcass treatment levels. Significant treatment x time interactions were observed for all responses except nitrate; for most responses, significant treatment effects were detected at certain time periods and not others. For example, significantly higher SRP concentrations were recorded earlier in the experiment, whereas significant fish responses were observed later. These results provide evidence that inorganic nutrient additions do not have the same ecological effects in streams as do salmon carcasses, potentially because inorganic nutrient additions lack carbon-based biochemicals and macromolecules that are sequestered directly or indirectly by consumers. Salmon carcasses, preferably deposited naturally during spawning migrations, appear to be far superior to inorganic nutrient amendments for sustaining and restoring stream productivity, including fish production, and should be chosen over artificial nutrient additions when feasible and practical.
C1 [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Hudson, John P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Caouette, John P.] Nature Conservancy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Mitchell, Nicole L.; Chaloner, Dominic T.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Lessard, Joanna L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Wipfli, MS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM mwipfli@alaska.edu
NR 77
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 5
U2 28
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 3
BP 824
EP 839
DI 10.1577/T09-114.1
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 595UQ
UT WOS:000277639200017
ER
PT J
AU Heintz, RA
Wipfli, MS
Hudson, JP
AF Heintz, Ron A.
Wipfli, Mark S.
Hudson, John P.
TI Identification of Marine-Derived Lipids in Juvenile Coho Salmon and
Aquatic Insects through Fatty Acid Analysis
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID STREAM-RESIDENT SALMONIDS; COPPER RIVER DELTA; FRESH-WATER;
ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; PACIFIC SALMON; FOOD WEBS;
TROPHIC ECOLOGY; SPAWNING SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON
AB The energetic benefits enjoyed by consumers in streams with salmon runs depend on how those benefits are accrued. Adult Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. deliver significant amounts of nutrients (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus) and carbon to streams when they spawn and die; these nutrient additions can have demonstrable effects on primary production in streams. Consumption of carcass tissues or eggs provides for direct energy subsidies to consumers and may have significant effects on their condition. In this study, comparisons of juvenile coho salmon O. kisutch and aquatic insects exposed to terrestrial and marine energy sources demonstrated that direct consumption of marine-derived lipids had a significant effect on the lipid reserves of consumers. Direct consumption of marine-derived tissues was verified through fatty acid analysis. Selected aquatic insects and juvenile coho salmon were reared for 6 weeks in experimental streams supplied with terrestrial or marine energy sources. Chironomid midges, nemourid stoneflies, and juvenile coho salmon exposed to the marine energy source altered their fatty acid compositions by incorporating the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are characteristic of marine fish. The fatty acid composition of baetid mayflies was unaffected. The direct movement of specific fatty markers indicated that direct consumption of marine-derived tissues led to increased energy reserves (triacylglycerols) in consumers. Similar results were obtained for juvenile coho salmon sampled from natural streams before and after the arrival of adult salmon runs. These data indicate that marine-derived lipids from anadromous fish runs are an important source of reserve lipids for consumers that overwinter in streams.
C1 [Heintz, Ron A.; Hudson, John P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Heintz, RA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM ron.heintz@noaa.gov
NR 45
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 7
U2 29
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 3
BP 840
EP 854
DI 10.1577/T09-115.1
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 595UQ
UT WOS:000277639200018
ER
PT J
AU Bigelow, JP
Rauw, WM
Gomez-Raya, L
AF Bigelow, John P.
Rauw, Wendy M.
Gomez-Raya, Luis
TI Acclimation in Simulated Lake Water Increases Survival of Lahontan
Cutthroat Trout Challenged with Saline, Alkaline Water from Walker Lake,
Nevada
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-HENSHAWI; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; PYRAMID
LAKE; SEA-WATER; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; OSMOTIC REGULATION; AMMONIA
TOXICITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; TEMPERATURE
AB We investigated the effect of acclimation and condition factor (K) on short-term survival of subyearling Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi reared at Lahontan National Fish Hatchery, Gardnerville, Nevada, and challenged for 1 week with saline, alkaline water from Walker Lake, Nevada. The effect of acclimation and lake-water challenge on plasma osmolality was also investigated. Fish were acclimated for 0, 8, or 17 d in simulated lake water with gradual and simultaneous increases in total dissolved solids and pH. Mean (+/-SE) survival rates (proportion) during three replicate, weeklong challenges in Walker Lake water for the 0-, 8-, and 17-d acclimation groups were 0.153 +/- 0.0409, 0.236 +/- 0.0371, and 0.487 +/- 0.1040, respectively. During all three challenge replicates, fish acclimated for 17 d experienced a lower hazard of death than unacclimated fish; fish in the 0- and 8-d acclimation groups survived at similar rates. Higher K-values were associated with a lower hazard of death during all three replicate challenges. Greater K was correlated with longer fork length (FL). For the 8-d acclimation treatment group, the proportion of fish surviving the challenge was higher when K and FL were both greater than median values. In the 17-d acclimation treatment, fish with either higher K-values or longer FLs survived at higher rates than did smaller, thinner fish. Regardless of acclimation duration, postchallenge plasma osmolality was higher than the baseline level for fish that did not survive the challenge. Challenge survivors acclimated for 17 d exhibited lower plasma osmolalities than fish that did not survive, and plasma osmolalities in survivors were similar to baseline levels. Our results indicate short-term survival rates for Lahontan cutthroat trout raised at the Lahontan National Fish Hatchery and stocked in Walker Lake may be improved by lengthy acclimation in simulated lake water and by stocking fish of higher K or longer length.
C1 [Bigelow, John P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA.
[Rauw, Wendy M.; Gomez-Raya, Luis] Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Bigelow, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lahontan Natl Fish Hatchery Complex,1340 Financia, Reno, NV 89502 USA.
EM john_bigelow@fws.gov
RI Rauw, Wendy/G-7327-2015
OI Rauw, Wendy/0000-0002-2885-1961
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We thank Derek Bloomquist, Alvin Duncan, Scott Foott, James Hoang, Erik
Horgen, Ed Kelly, Tim Loux, Corene Luton, and Roger Peka for their
assistance with this study. This research was supported by the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. The findings and conclusions in this report are
those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 36
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 3
BP 876
EP 887
DI 10.1577/T09-168.1
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 595UQ
UT WOS:000277639200021
ER
PT J
AU Nimmo, JR
AF Nimmo, John R.
TI Theory for Source-Responsive and Free-Surface Film Modeling of
Unsaturated Flow
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID PREFERENTIAL FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FRACTURE
SURFACES; GRAVITY-DRIVEN; WATER; INFILTRATION; SOILS; ROCK; MACROPORES
AB A new model explicitly incorporates the possibility of rapid response, across significant distance, to substantial water input. It is useful for unsaturated flow processes that are not inherently diffusive, or that do not progress through a series of equilibrium states. The term source-responsive is used to mean that flow responds sensitively to changing conditions at the source of water input (e. g., rainfall, irrigation, or ponded infiltration). The domain of preferential flow can be conceptualized as laminar flow in free-surface films along the walls of pores. These films may be considered to have uniform thickness, as suggested by field evidence that preferential flow moves at an approximately uniform rate when generated by a continuous and ample water supply. An effective facial area per unit volume quantitatively characterizes the medium with respect to source-responsive flow. A flow-intensity factor dependent on conditions within the medium represents the amount of source-responsive flow at a given time and position. Laminar flow theory provides relations for the velocity and thickness of flowing source-responsive films. Combination with the Darcy-Buckingham law and the continuity equation leads to expressions for both fluxes and dynamic water contents. Where preferential flow is some times or always significant, the interactive combination of source-responsive and diffuse flow has the potential to improve prediction of unsaturated-zone fluxes in response to hydraulic inputs and the evolving distribution of soil moisture. Examples for which this approach is efficient and physically plausible include (i) rainstorm-generated rapid fluctuations of a deep water table and (ii) space- and time-dependent soil water content response to infiltration in a macroporous soil.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov
NR 48
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 32
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 2
BP 295
EP 306
DI 10.2136/vzj2009.0085
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 596XD
UT WOS:000277718000010
ER
PT J
AU Spraker, TR
O'Rourke, KI
Gidlewski, T
Powers, JG
Greenlee, JJ
Wild, MA
AF Spraker, T. R.
O'Rourke, K. I.
Gidlewski, T.
Powers, J. G.
Greenlee, J. J.
Wild, M. A.
TI Detection of the Abnormal Isoform of the Prion Protein Associated With
Chronic Wasting Disease in the Optic Pathways of the Brain and Retina of
Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)
SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE brain; chronic wasting disease; eyes; prion protein; retina; Rocky
Mountain elk; visual pathways
ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; SPONGIFORM
ENCEPHALOPATHY; MULE DEER; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; TRANSGENIC MICE; PRP
GENOTYPES; CELL-TYPES; SCRAPIE; SHEEP
AB Eyes and nuclei of the visual pathways in the brain were examined in 30 Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) representing 3 genotypes of the prion protein gene PRNP (codon 132: MM, ML, or LL). Tissues were examined for the presence of the abnormal isoform of the orlon protein associated with chronic wasting disease (PrP(CWD)). Nuclei and axonal tracts from a single section of brain stem at the level of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve were scored for intensity and distribution of PrP(CWD) immunoreactivity and degree of spongiform degeneration. This obex scoring ranged from 0 (elk with no PrP(CWD) in the brain stem) to 10 (representing elk in terminal stage of disease). PrP(CWD) was detected in the retina of 16 of 18 (89%) elk with an obex score of > 7. PrP(CWD) was not detected in the retina of the 3 chronic wasting disease negative elk and 9 elk with an obex score of < 6. PrP(CWD) was found in the nuclei of the visual pathways in the brain before it was found in the retina. Within the retina, PrP(CWD) was first found in the inner plexiform layer, followed by the outer plexiform layer. Intracytoplasmic accumulation of PrP(CWD) was found in a few neurons in the ganglion cell layer in the PRNP 132ML elk but was a prominent feature in the PRNP 132LL elk. Small aggregates of PrP(CWD) were present on the inner surface of the outer limiting membrane in PRNP 132LL elk but not in PRNP 132MM or 132ML elk. This study demonstrates PrP(CWD) accumulation in nuclei of the visual pathways of the brain, followed by PrP(CWD) in the retina.
C1 [Spraker, T. R.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado State Univ Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[O'Rourke, K. I.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA.
[Gidlewski, T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Powers, J. G.; Wild, M. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Biol Resources Management Div, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Greenlee, J. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA.
RP Spraker, TR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado State Univ Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 300 W Drake Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM terry.spraker@colostate.edu
FU National Park Service [CSURM-98, H1200040001, 123400070064]; US
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-5348-8-275,
5348-32000-026-105]; Colorado State University Diagnostic Laboratory,
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, CO
FX We would like to thank the owners of the ranch-raised elk (Dennis and
Stephanie White, Velvet Ridge Ranch, Fort Collins, CO, and two anonymous
owners) for allowing us to do rectal biopsies on their elk and, if
positive cases were found, euthanizing and necropsying the suspected
positive elk. We would like to thank the National Park Service (Rocky
Mountain National Park, Estes Park, CO) for allowing us to perform
rectal biopsies on elk and allowing us to necropsy positive elk. We wish
to thank Scott Ratchford for collecting the eyes from the free-ranging
elk. We wish to thank Vicki Jameson, Tracy Nichols, Chrystal Meyerett,
Tara Ruby, Amy Graham, Danielle Lagana, and David Walter for assisting
in the necropsies of these elk. We wish to thank Bob Zink, Todd Bass,
and Bruce Cummins for cutting and staining the tissues. We would like to
thank Linda Hamburg and Desiree Lesiak for genotyping these elk. We
greatly appreciate the help from Jay Oaks and Charlie Kerlee with the
photomicrografts. This project was partially funded by National Park
Service project No. CSURM-98, Cooperative Agreement No. H1200040001,
task order No. 123400070064; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, Cooperative Agreement No. 58-5348-8-275, project No.
5348-32000-026-105; and Colorado State University Diagnostic Laboratory,
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, CO.
NR 39
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U1 0
U2 2
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0300-9858
J9 VET PATHOL
JI Vet. Pathol.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 3
BP 536
EP 546
DI 10.1177/0300985810363702
PG 11
WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 593SH
UT WOS:000277480400015
PM 20382822
ER
PT J
AU Van Furl, C
Colman, JA
Bothner, MH
AF Van Furl, Chad
Colman, John A.
Bothner, Michael H.
TI Mercury Sources to Lake Ozette and Lake Dickey: Highly Contaminated
Remote Coastal Lakes, Washington State, USA
SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Mercury; Lake Ozette; Logging; Sediment cores; Atmospheric deposition;
Lake Dickey
ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; BOREAL FOREST; DEPOSITION;
CATCHMENTS; MINNESOTA; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; PB-210; CHINA
AB Mercury concentrations in largemouth bass and mercury accumulation rates in age-dated sediment cores were examined at Lake Ozette and Lake Dickey in Washington State. Goals of the study were to compare concentrations in fish tissues at the two lakes with a larger statewide dataset and examine mercury pathways to the lakes. After accounting for fish length, tissue concentrations at the lakes were significantly higher than other Washington State lakes. Wet deposition and historical atmospheric monitoring from the area show no indication of enhanced local or regional deposition. Sediment core records from the lakes indicate rising sedimentation rates coinciding with logging in the lakes' drainages has greatly increased the net flux of mercury to the waterbodies.
C1 [Van Furl, Chad] Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA.
[Colman, John A.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA USA.
[Bothner, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Van Furl, C (reprint author), Washington State Dept Ecol, 300 Desmond Dr, Olympia, WA 98504 USA.
EM cfur461@ecy.wa.gov
NR 39
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U1 2
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0049-6979
J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL
JI Water Air Soil Pollut.
PD MAY
PY 2010
VL 208
IS 1-4
BP 275
EP 286
DI 10.1007/s11270-009-0165-y
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water
Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
GA 581CE
UT WOS:000276497900022
ER
PT J
AU Stowell, H
Tulloch, A
Zuluaga, C
Koenig, A
AF Stowell, Harold
Tulloch, Andrew
Zuluaga, Carlos
Koenig, Alan
TI Timing and duration of garnet granulite metamorphism in magmatic arc
crust, Fiordland, New Zealand
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Sm-Nd and U-Pb geochronology; Garnet; Zircon; Granulite; Fiordland; New
Zealand
ID PARTIAL MELTING EQUILIBRIA; SOUTHWEST NEW-ZEALAND; T-T PATHS; SM-ND;
NORTHERN FJORDLAND; WESTERN FJORDLAND; MILFORD-SOUND; CLOSURE
TEMPERATURE; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; GEOCHRONOLOGY
AB Pembroke Granulite from Fiordland, New Zealand provides a window into the mid- to lower crust of magmatic arcs. Garnet Sm-Nd and zircon U-Pb ages constrain the timing and duration of high-P partial melting that produced trondhjemitic high Sr/Y magma. Trace element zoning in large, euhedral garnet is compatible with little post growth modification and supports the interpretation that garnet Sm-Nd ages of 126.1 +/- 2.0 and 122.6 +/- 2.0 Ma date crystal growth. Integration of the garnet ages with U-Pb zircon ages elucidates a history of intrusion(?) and a protracted period of high-temperature metamorphism and partial melting. The oldest zircon ages of 163 to 150 Ma reflect inheritance or intrusion and a cluster of zircon ages ca. 134 Ma date orthopyroxene-bearing mineral assemblages that may be magmatic or metamorphic in origin. Zircon and garnet ages from unmelted gneiss and garnet reaction zones record garnet granulite facies metamorphism at 128 to 126 Ma. Peritectic garnet and additional zircon ages from trondhjemite veins and garnet reaction zones indicate that garnet growth and partial melting lasted until ca. 123 Ma. Two single fraction garnet ages and young zircon ages suggest continued high-temperature re-equilibration until ca. 95 Ma. Phase diagram sections constrain orthopyroxene assemblages to <0.6 GPa @ 650 degrees C, peak garnet granulite facies metamorphic conditions to 680-815 degrees C @ 1.1-1.4 GPa, and a P-T path with a P increase of >= 0.5 GPa. These sections are compatible with water contents >= 0.28 wt.%, local dehydration during garnet granulite metamorphism, and <0.3 GPa P increases during garnet growth. Results demonstrate the utility of integrated U-Pb zircon and Sm-Nd garnet ages, and phase diagram sections for understanding the nature, duration, and conditions of deep crustal metamorphism and melting. Geochronologic and thermobarometric data for garnet granulite indicate that thickening of arc crust, which caused high-pressure metamorphism in northern Fiordland, must have occurred prior to 126 Ma, that loading occurred at a rate of ca. 0.06 GPa/m.y., and that garnet granulite metamorphism lasted 3-7 my. Locally-derived partial melts formed and crystallized in considerably less than 10 and perhaps as little as 3 m.y. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stowell, Harold; Zuluaga, Carlos] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Tulloch, Andrew] Dunedin Res Ctr, GNS Sci, Dunedin, New Zealand.
[Koenig, Alan] US Geol Survey, Laser Ablat ICP MS Facil, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Stowell, H (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
EM hstowell@geo.ua.edu
FU Royal Society of New Zealand [ISATA04 105]
FX I thank Frank Spear and Geoffrey Clarke for providing thorough reviews
and helpful comments. Roberta Rudnick provided numerous helpful
suggestions during the submission process. Gerrit Bulman and Rashmi
Grace provided help with Sm and Nd geochronology and mineral
compositions. Matt Gatewood and Rob Holler helped with CL imaging at the
University of Alabama. Drew Coleman and Staci Loewy helped with thermal
ionization mass spectrometry at the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill. Victor Valencia and George Gehrels helped with laser
ablation mass spectrometry in the LaserChron Center at the University of
Arizona. Doug Tinkham provided DOMINO input files and invaluable advice
on phase diagram sections. Support from Royal Society of New Zealand
ISATA04 105 to Tulloch and logistical help from GNS Science New Zealand
was essential for the completion of this research.
NR 67
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD APR 30
PY 2010
VL 273
IS 1-2
BP 91
EP 110
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.02.015
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 597IP
UT WOS:000277750600008
ER
PT J
AU Ferre, B
Sherwood, CR
Wiberg, PL
AF Ferre, Benedicte
Sherwood, Christopher R.
Wiberg, Patricia L.
TI Sediment transport on the Palos Verdes shelf, California
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Sediment transport; Erodibility; DDT; PCBs; Numerical model; USA;
California; Palos Verdes
ID EFFLUENT-AFFECTED SEDIMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF;
CONTAMINANT DISPERSAL; SETTLING VELOCITY; MARGIN; RESUSPENSION; STRESS;
ERODIBILITY; DISCHARGE
AB Sediment transport and the potential for erosion or deposition have been investigated on the Palos Verdes (PV) and San Pedro shelves in southern California to help assess the fate of an effluent-affected deposit contaminated with DDT and PCBs. Bottom boundary layer measurements at two 60-m sites in spring 2004 were used to set model parameters and evaluate a one-dimensional (vertical) model of local, steady-state resuspension, and suspended-sediment transport. The model demonstrated skill (Brier scores up to 0.75) reproducing the magnitudes of bottom shear stress, current speeds, and suspended-sediment concentrations measured during an April transport event, but the model tended to underpredict observed rotation in the bottom-boundary layer, possibly because the model did not account for the effects of temperature-salinity stratification. The model was run with wave input estimated from a nearby buoy and current input from four to six years of measurements at thirteen sites on the 35- and 65-m isobaths on the PV and San Pedro shelves. Sediment characteristics and erodibility were based on gentle wet-sieve analysis and erosion-chamber measurements. Modeled flow and sediment transport were mostly alongshelf toward the northwest on the PV shelf with a significant offshore component. The 95th percentile of bottom shear stresses ranged from 0.09 to 0.16 Pa at the 65-m sites, and the lowest values were in the middle of the PV shelf, near the Whites Point sewage outfalls where the effluent-affected layer is thickest. Long-term mean transport rates varied from 0.9 to 4.8 metric tons m(-1) yr(-1) along the 65-m isobaths on the PV shelf, and were much higher at the 35-m sites. Gradients in modeled alongshore transport rates suggest that, in the absence of a supply of sediment from the outfalls or PV coast, erosion at rates of similar to 0.2 mm yr(-1) might occur in the region southeast of the outfalls. These rates are small compared to some estimates of background natural sedimentation rates (similar to 5 mm yr(-1)), but do not preclude higher localized rates near abrupt transitions in sediment characteristics. However, low particle settling velocities and strong currents result in transport length-scales that are long relative to the narrow width of the PV shelf, which combined with the significant offshore component in transport, means that transport of resuspended sediment towards deep water is as likely as transport along the axis of the effluent-affected deposit. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ferre, Benedicte; Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Wiberg, Patricia L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RP Sherwood, CR (reprint author), Univ Tromso, N-9001 Tromso, Norway.
EM benedicte.ferre@uit.no; csherwood@usgs.gov; pw3c@virginia.edu
FU US Environmental Protection Agency; US Geological Survey
FX These studies were funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency
Palos Verdes Superfund remediation project, managed by Carmen White; and
by the US Geological Survey. LACSD current-meter data were generously
provided by Joe Meistrall, Alex Steele, and Joe Gully. SAlC performed
many of the geotechnical measurements. The sediment cores were obtained
by Dr. R. Wheatcroft, Oregon State University. The geostatistical
analyses were performed by Dr. C. Murray, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory. The cumulative probability plots were made using modified
scripts from the WAFO toolbox (WAFO-group, 2000;
http://www.maths.lth.se/matstat/wafo/). Drs. C.T. Friedrichs, N. Ganju,
and B. Butman provided valuable suggestions for improving earlier drafts
of this paper. Use of firm and product names is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD APR 30
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 7
BP 761
EP 780
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2010.01.011
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 597IM
UT WOS:000277750300006
ER
PT J
AU Chizinski, CJ
Vondracek, B
Blinn, CR
Newman, RM
Atuke, DM
Fredricks, K
Hemstad, NA
Merten, E
Schlesser, N
AF Chizinski, Christopher J.
Vondracek, Bruce
Blinn, Charles R.
Newman, Raymond M.
Atuke, Dickson M.
Fredricks, Keith
Hemstad, Nathaniel A.
Merten, Eric
Schlesser, Nicholas
TI The influence of partial timber harvesting in riparian buffers on
macroinvertebrate and fish communities in small streams in Minnesota,
USA
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Temporal variation; Rank-abundance; Timber harvest; Residual basal area
ID BENTHIC-MACROINVERTEBRATES; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES;
MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; NORTHERN MINNESOTA; HEADWATER FORESTS; CLEAR-CUT;
RESPONSES; HABITAT; OREGON; ZONES
AB Relatively few evaluations of aquatic macroinvertebrate and fish communities have been published in peer-reviewed literature detailing the effect of varying residual basal area (RBA) after timber harvesting in riparian buffers. Our analysis investigated the effects of partial harvesting within riparian buffers on aquatic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in small streams from two experiments in northern Minnesota northern hardwood-aspen forests. Each experiment evaluated partial harvesting within riparian buffers. In both experiments, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish were collected 1 year prior to harvest and in each of 3 years after harvest. We observed interannual variation for the macroinvertebrate abundance, diversity and taxon richness in the single-basin study and abundance and diversity in the multiple-basin study, but few effects related to harvest treatments in either study. However, interannual variation was not evident in the fish communities and we detected no significant changes in the stream fish communities associated with partially harvested riparian buffers in either study. This would suggest that timber harvesting in riparian management zones along reaches <= 200 m in length on both sides of the stream that retains RBA >= 12.4 +/- 1.3 m(2) ha(-1) or on a single side of the stream that retains RBA >= 8.7 +/- 1.6 m(2) ha(-1) may be adequate to protect macroinvertebrate and fish communities in our Minnesota study systems given these specific timber harvesting techniques. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chizinski, Christopher J.; Newman, Raymond M.; Atuke, Dickson M.; Fredricks, Keith; Hemstad, Nathaniel A.; Merten, Eric; Schlesser, Nicholas] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Blinn, Charles R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Chizinski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM chizi001@umn.edu
RI Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011;
OI Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588; Blinn,
Charlie/0000-0003-1981-5421
FU U. S. Geological Survey; University of Minnesota; Minnesota Department
of Natural Resources; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife
Management Institute; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Section
of Fisheries; Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust;
Minnesota Forest Resources Council; Minnesota Trout Unlimited
FX The Unit is jointly sponsored by the U. S. Geological Survey, the
University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources,
the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management
Institute.; We thank Matthew Ihnken, Robert Dodd, and Scott Haire for
assistance in the field and the laboratory. Brian Palik, Jim Perry, and
Dave Zumeta provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this
manuscript. Brian Palik and personnel at the US Forest Service Northern
Research Station were instrumental in setting up the studies. Partial
funding for this project was provided by the Minnesota Department of
Natural Resources Section of Fisheries, Minnesota Environment and
Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen
Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR), Minnesota Forest Resources
Council, and Minnesota Trout Unlimited. Reference to trade names does
not imply endorsement by authors or the U.S. Government.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD APR 30
PY 2010
VL 259
IS 10
BP 1946
EP 1958
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.02.006
PG 13
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 597LZ
UT WOS:000277760100010
ER
PT J
AU van Wagtendonk, JW
Moore, PE
AF van Wagtendonk, Jan W.
Moore, Peggy E.
TI Fuel deposition rates of montane and subalpine conifers in the central
Sierra Nevada, California, USA
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Fuel deposition; Fuel dynamics; Yosemite National Park
ID YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FIRE
SEVERITY; FORESTS; CARBON; HISTORY; CLIMATE; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Fire managers and researchers need information on fuel deposition rates to estimate future changes in fuel bed characteristics, determine when forests transition to another fire behavior fuel model, estimate future changes in fuel bed characteristics, and parameterize and validate ecosystem process models. This information is lacking for many ecosystems including the Sierra Nevada in California, USA. We investigated fuel deposition rates and stand characteristics of seven montane and four subalpine conifers in the Sierra Nevada. We collected foliage, miscellaneous bark and crown fragments, cones, and woody fuel classes from four replicate plots each in four stem diameter size classes for each species, for a total of 176 sampling sites. We used these data to develop predictive equations for each fuel class and diameter size class of each species based on stem and crown characteristics. There were consistent species and diameter class differences in the annual amount of foliage and fragments deposited. Foliage deposition rates ranged from just over 50 g m(-2) year(-1) in small diameter mountain hemlock stands to similar to 300 g m(-2) year(-1) for the three largest diameter classes of giant sequoia. The deposition rate for most woody fuel classes increased from the smallest diameter class stands to the largest diameter class stands. Woody fuel deposition rates varied among species as well. The rates for the smallest woody fuels ranged from 0.8 g m(-2) year(-1) for small diameter stands of Jeffrey pine to 126.9 g m(-2) year(-1) for very large diameter stands of mountain hemlock. Crown height and live crown ratio were the best predictors of fuel deposition rates for most fuel classes and species. Both characteristics reflect the amount of crown biomass including foliage and woody fuels. Relationships established in this study allow predictions of fuel loads to be made on a stand basis for each of these species under current and possible future conditions. These predictions can be used to estimate fuel treatment longevity, assist in determining fuel model transitions, and predict future changes in fuel bed characteristics. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [van Wagtendonk, Jan W.; Moore, Peggy E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA.
RP van Wagtendonk, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA.
EM jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov
FU National Park Service; Interior Fire Coordinating Committee; Yosemite
Fund
FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service from
1988 to 1991, by the Interior Fire Coordinating Committee from 1992 to
1994, and by the Yosemite Fund from 1995 to 1997. We are more than
grateful for the tireless efforts of a long lineage of field biologists
and assistants who managed complex logistics, endless hours of lab
tedium, and voluminous data entering. Elizabeth U completed the
statistical analyses. We thank James Agee, Robert Keane, Susan Roberts,
and Tom Stohlgren for their thoughtful reviews. Julie Yee provided
extensive statistical advice and editorial review. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the US government.
NR 51
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U1 3
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD APR 30
PY 2010
VL 259
IS 10
BP 2122
EP 2132
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.02.024
PG 11
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 597LZ
UT WOS:000277760100027
ER
PT J
AU Solomon, DK
Genereux, DP
Plummer, LN
Busenberg, E
AF Solomon, D. Kip
Genereux, David P.
Plummer, L. Niel
Busenberg, Eurybiades
TI Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland
rain forest with environmental tracers
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID COSTA-RICA; NOBLE-GASES; WATER; RECHARGE; CLIMATE; VALLEY; FLOW
AB We tested three models of mixing between old interbasin groundwater flow (IGF) and young, locally derived groundwater in a lowland rain forest in Costa Rica using a large suite of environmental tracers. We focus on the young fraction of water using the transient tracers CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF(6), (3)H, and bomb (14)C. We measured (3)He, but (3)H/(3)He dating is generally problematic due to the presence of mantle (3)He. Because of their unique concentration histories in the atmosphere, combinations of transient tracers are sensitive not only to subsurface travel times but also to mixing between waters having different travel times. Samples fall into three distinct categories: (1) young waters that plot along a piston flow line, (2) old samples that have near-zero concentrations of the transient tracers, and (3) mixtures of 1 and 2. We have modeled the concentrations of the transient tracers using (1) a binary mixing model (BMM) of old and young water with the young fraction transported via piston flow, (2) an exponential mixing model (EMM) with a distribution of groundwater travel times characterized by a mean value, and (3) an exponential mixing model for the young fraction followed by binary mixing with an old fraction (EMM/BMM). In spite of the mathematical differences in the mixing models, they all lead to a similar conceptual model of young (0 to 10 year) groundwater that is locally derived mixing with old (>1000 years) groundwater that is recharged beyond the surface water boundary of the system.
C1 [Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Genereux, David P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Plummer, L. Niel; Busenberg, Eurybiades] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Solomon, DK (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 135 S 1460 E,Room 719, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM kip.solomon@utah.edu; genereux@ncsu.edu
RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016;
OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Plummer, L.
Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0439732]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of this work
through award EAR-0439732 from the Hydrologic Sciences Program of the
U.S. National Science Foundation. We appreciate logistical assistance
from the Organization for Tropical Studies, especially from William
Urena, Ana Carter, Johanna Hurtado, David Clark, Cynthia Rossi, and
others at La Selva Biological Station. We also thank L. Schwendenmann
(University of Gottingen) for the soil pit temperature data and
observations of saturation. The manuscript was improved significantly by
USGS reviews provided by A. Manning and P. McMahon, comments from three
anonymous reviewers, and the suggestion of D. Kent and T. Illangasekare.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
government.
NR 25
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U1 2
U2 25
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD APR 29
PY 2010
VL 46
AR W04518
DI 10.1029/2009WR008341
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 590ZN
UT WOS:000277267300006
ER
PT J
AU Cull, S
Arvidson, RE
Mellon, M
Wiseman, S
Clark, R
Titus, T
Morris, RV
McGuire, P
AF Cull, Selby
Arvidson, Raymond E.
Mellon, Michael
Wiseman, Sandra
Clark, Roger
Titus, Timothy
Morris, Richard V.
McGuire, Patrick
TI Seasonal H2O and CO2 ice cycles at the Mars Phoenix landing site: 1.
Prelanding CRISM and HiRISE observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARTIAN POLAR CAPS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; THERMAL
EMISSION SPECTROMETER; ORBITER CAMERA OBSERVATIONS; WATER ICE;
GROUND-ICE; TES; SURFACE; TEMPERATURES; ULTRAVIOLET
AB The condensation, evolution, and sublimation of seasonal water and carbon dioxide ices were characterized at the Mars Phoenix landing site from Martian northern midsummer to midspring (L-s similar to 142 degrees - L-s similar to 60) for the year prior to the Phoenix landing on 25 May 2008. Ice relative abundances and grain sizes were estimated using data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and a nonlinear mixing model. Water ice first appeared at the Phoenix landing site during the afternoon in late summer (L-s similar to 167 degrees) as an optically thin layer on top of soil. CO2 ice appeared after the fall equinox. By late winter (L-s similar to 344 degrees), the site was covered by relatively pure CO2 ice (similar to 30 cm thick), with a small amount of similar to 100 mu m diameter water ice and soil. As spring progressed, CO2 ice grain sizes gradually decreased, a change interpreted to result from granulation during sublimation losses. The combined effect of CO2 sublimation and decreasing H2O ice grain sizes allowed H2O ice to dominate spectra during the spring and significantly brightened the surface. CO2 ice disappeared by early spring (L-s similar to 34 degrees) and H2O ice by midspring (L-s similar to 59 degrees). Spring defrosting was not uniform and occurred more rapidly over the centers of polygons and geomorphic units with relatively higher thermal inertia values.
C1 [Cull, Selby; Arvidson, Raymond E.; Wiseman, Sandra] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63112 USA.
[Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[McGuire, Patrick] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci, D-12249 Berlin, Germany.
[Mellon, Michael] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Morris, Richard V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Titus, Timothy] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Cull, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63112 USA.
RI Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016
FU NASA
FX We acknowledge support from NASA as part of the Phoenix and CRISM
Science teams. We would like to thank Mike Wolff for his work on the
DISORT code, Kim Seelos for her help with geomorphic mapping of the
Phoenix landing site, Mindi Searles for helpful discussions on HiRISE
observations, and the CRISM and HiRISE teams for their Phoenix
monitoring campaign. We also thank Wendy Calvin and Hugh Kieffer for
their insightful reviews.
NR 61
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 27
PY 2010
VL 115
AR E00D16
DI 10.1029/2009JE003340
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 590YE
UT WOS:000277263600001
ER
PT J
AU DeAngelis, DL
Trexler, JC
Cosner, C
Obaza, A
Jopp, F
AF DeAngelis, Donald L.
Trexler, Joel C.
Cosner, Chris
Obaza, Adam
Jopp, Fred
TI Fish population dynamics in a seasonally varying wetland
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Fish functional group; Wetland; Diffusion-reaction model; Ideal free
distribution; Fish refugia
ID IDEAL-FREE DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT STRUCTURE; WADING BIRDS; STREAM FISH;
MODEL; MOVEMENT; EVERGLADES; PATTERNS; AVAILABILITY; ASSEMBLAGES
AB Small fishes in seasonally flooded environments such as the Everglades are capable of spreading into newly flooded areas and building up substantial biomass. Passive drift cannot account for the rapidity of observed population expansions. To test the 'reaction-diffusion' mechanism for spread of the fish, we estimated their diffusion coefficient and applied a reaction-diffusion model. This mechanism was also too weak to account for the spatial dynamics. Two other hypotheses were tested through modeling. The first-the 'refuge mechanism'-hypothesizes that small remnant populations of small fishes survive the dry season in small permanent bodies of water (refugia), sites where the water level is otherwise below the surface. The second mechanism, which we call the 'dynamic ideal free distribution mechanism' is that consumption by the fish creates a prey density gradient and that fish taxis along this gradient can lead to rapid population expansion in space. We examined the two alternatives and concluded that although refugia may play an important role in recolonization by the fish population during reflooding, only the second, taxis in the direction of the flooding front, seems capable of matching empirical observations. This study has important implications for management of wetlands, as fish biomass is an essential support of higher trophic levels. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.; Jopp, Fred] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA.
[Trexler, Joel C.; Obaza, Adam] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Cosner, Chris] Univ Miami, Dept Math, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, 1301 Mem Dr,POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey; USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem;
Comprehensive Ecosystem Science Initiative (CESI) [J5284060020]; NSF
[DMS-0816068, DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514]
FX DLD was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and by the USGS's
Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem funding. JCT was supported by
Cooperative Agreement J5284060020 between Everglades National Park and
Florida International University, funding provided by the Comprehensive
Ecosystem Science Initiative (CESI). CC was supported by NSF Grant
DMS-0816068. Aspects of this paper are based upon work supported by the
National Science Foundation under Grant No. DBI-0620409 and Grant No.
DEB-9910514. FJ was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 60
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
EI 1872-7026
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD APR 24
PY 2010
VL 221
IS 8
BP 1131
EP 1137
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.12.021
PG 7
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 582DD
UT WOS:000276574900005
ER
PT J
AU Signell, RP
Chiggiato, J
Horstmann, J
Doyle, JD
Pullen, J
Askari, F
AF Signell, Richard P.
Chiggiato, Jacopo
Horstmann, Jochen
Doyle, James D.
Pullen, Julie
Askari, Farid
TI High-resolution mapping of Bora winds in the northern Adriatic Sea using
synthetic aperture radar
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SAR IMAGES; OCEAN SURFACE; C-BAND; POLARIZATION; BACKSCATTER;
SIMULATION; RETRIEVAL; DIRECTION; LAYER; SPEED
AB The Adriatic Sea is regularly subjected to strong Bora wind events from the northeast during winter. The events have a strong effect on the oceanography in the Adriatic, driving basin-scale gyres that determine the transport of biogeochemical material and extracting large amounts of heat. The Bora is known to have multiple surface wind jets linked to the surrounding orography and have been the focus of many studies, but it has not been possible to describe the detailed spatial structure of these jets by in situ observations. Using high-resolution spaceborne RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images collected during an active Bora period (23 January-16 February 2003), we created a series of high-resolution (300 m) maps of the wind field. The obtained winds show reasonable agreement with several in situ wind observations, with an RMS wind speed error of 3.6 m/s, slightly higher than the 2-3 m/s errors reported in previous studies. These SAR images reveal the spatial structure of the Bora wind in unprecedented detail, showing several new features. In the Senj region of Croatia, several images show rhythmic structure with wavelengths of 2-3 km that may reflect Bora pulsation seen at fixed locations by previous investigators. Along the Italian coast, several images show a wide (20-30 km) band of northwesterly winds that abruptly change to the northeasterly Bora winds further offshore. Meteorological model results suggest that these northwesterly winds are consistent with those of a barrier jet forming along the Italian Apennine mountain chain.
C1 [Signell, Richard P.] USGS Woods Hole Coastal, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Signell, Richard P.] Ctr Marine Sci, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Chiggiato, Jacopo; Askari, Farid] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy.
[Doyle, James D.; Pullen, Julie] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Chiggiato, Jacopo] ARPA Emilia Romagna, Serv Idrometeorol, Bologna, Italy.
[Horstmann, Jochen] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany.
RP Signell, RP (reprint author), USGS Woods Hole Coastal, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM rsignell@usgs.gov
OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613; Chiggiato,
Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473
NR 62
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD APR 24
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C04020
DI 10.1029/2009JC005524
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 587ZK
UT WOS:000277035300001
ER
PT J
AU Krumm, CE
Conner, MM
Hobbs, NT
Hunter, DO
Miller, MW
AF Krumm, Caroline E.
Conner, Mary M.
Hobbs, N. Thompson
Hunter, Don O.
Miller, Michael W.
TI Mountain lions prey selectively on prion-infected mule deer
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE chronic wasting disease; predation; prion; Puma concolor; selection;
vulnerability
ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; PREDATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATTERNS; SIZE
AB The possibility that predators choose prey selectively based on age or condition has been suggested but rarely tested. We examined whether mountain lions (Puma concolor) selectively prey upon mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) infected with chronic wasting disease, a prion disease. We located kill sites of mountain lions in the northern Front Range of Colorado, USA, and compared disease prevalence among lion-killed adult (>= 2 years old) deer with prevalence among sympatric deer taken by hunters in the vicinity of kill sites. Hunter-killed female deer were less likely to be infected than males (odds ratios (OR) = 0.2, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.1-0.6; p = 0.015). However, both female (OR = 8.5, 95% CI = 2.3-30.9) and male deer (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1-10) killed by a mountain lion were more likely to be infected than same-sex deer killed in the vicinity by a hunter (p < 0.001), suggesting that mountain lions in this area actively selected prion-infected individuals when targeting adult mule deer as prey items.
C1 [Krumm, Caroline E.; Miller, Michael W.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Krumm, Caroline E.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Conner, Mary M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Hunter, Don O.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Miller, MW (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM mike.miller@state.co.us
FU Colorado Division of Wildlife; National Science Foundation/National
Institutes of Health [DEB-0091961]; US National Park Service; US
Department of Agriculture-Animal Plant Health Inspection
Service-Veterinary Services
FX Our study was funded by the Colorado Division of Wildlife, National
Science Foundation/National Institutes of Health grant DEB-0091961, the
US National Park Service and the US Department of Agriculture-Animal
Plant Health Inspection Service-Veterinary Services. Thanks to T.
Terrell and J. Visty for the support, to D. Wroe, L. Wolfe, M.
Sirochman, T. Sirochman and J. Zmijewski, F. Quartarone, H. Swanson, J.
Dulberger and others for the field assistance, to K. Griffin, I. LeVan
and others at the CDOW Wildlife Health Laboratory, to E. Williams, P.
Jaeger and others at the University of Wyoming, to B. Powers, T. Spraker
and others at the Colorado State University Diagnostic Laboratory and to
P. Lukacs for the biometrics advice. We also thank L. Wolfe, C. Anderson
and two anonymous referees for the helpful reviews that improved the
early drafts.
NR 29
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 32
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD APR 23
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 2
BP 209
EP 211
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0742
PG 3
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 567GO
UT WOS:000275432900018
PM 19864271
ER
PT J
AU Cross, PC
Heisey, DM
Scurlock, BM
Edwards, WH
Ebinger, MR
Brennan, A
AF Cross, Paul C.
Heisey, Dennis M.
Scurlock, Brandon M.
Edwards, William H.
Ebinger, Michael R.
Brennan, Angela
TI Mapping Brucellosis Increases Relative to Elk Density Using Hierarchical
Bayesian Models
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN
ELK; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; TIME-SERIES; MULE DEER; TRANSMISSION;
WILDLIFE; MANAGEMENT; BISON
AB The relationship between host density and parasite transmission is central to the effectiveness of many disease management strategies. Few studies, however, have empirically estimated this relationship particularly in large mammals. We applied hierarchical Bayesian methods to a 19-year dataset of over 6400 brucellosis tests of adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) in northwestern Wyoming. Management captures that occurred from January to March were over two times more likely to be seropositive than hunted elk that were killed in September to December, while accounting for site and year effects. Areas with supplemental feeding grounds for elk had higher seroprevalence in 1991 than other regions, but by 2009 many areas distant from the feeding grounds were of comparable seroprevalence. The increases in brucellosis seroprevalence were correlated with elk densities at the elk management unit, or hunt area, scale (mean 2070 km(2); range = [95-10237]). The data, however, could not differentiate among linear and non-linear effects of host density. Therefore, control efforts that focus on reducing elk densities at a broad spatial scale were only weakly supported. Additional research on how a few, large groups within a region may be driving disease dynamics is needed for more targeted and effective management interventions. Brucellosis appears to be expanding its range into new regions and elk populations, which is likely to further complicate the United States brucellosis eradication program. This study is an example of how the dynamics of host populations can affect their ability to serve as disease reservoirs.
C1 [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
[Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Scurlock, Brandon M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY USA.
[Edwards, William H.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY USA.
[Ebinger, Michael R.] Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Brennan, Angela] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
EM pcross@usgs.gov
FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department; United States Geological Survey
FX Wyoming Game and Fish Department (http://gf.state.wy.us) and the United
States Geological Survey (http://www.usgs.gov) provided funding for this
study. The funding agencies did not influence the authors' study design,
data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
NR 54
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 32
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD APR 23
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 4
AR e10322
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010322
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 588NU
UT WOS:000277079300012
PM 20428240
ER
PT J
AU Kirwan, ML
Guntenspergen, GR
AF Kirwan, Matthew L.
Guntenspergen, Glenn R.
TI Influence of tidal range on the stability of coastal marshland
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CHESAPEAKE BAY;
SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; VERTICAL ACCRETION; SMOOTH CORDGRASS; RATES;
TRANSPORT; EROSION
AB Early comparisons between rates of vertical accretion and sea level rise across marshes in different tidal ranges inspired a paradigm that marshes in high tidal range environments are more resilient to sea level rise than marshes in low tidal range environments. We use field-based observations to propose a relationship between vegetation growth and tidal range and to adapt two numerical models of marsh evolution to explicitly consider the effect of tidal range on the response of the marsh platform channel network system to accelerating rates of sea level rise. We find that the stability of both the channel network and vegetated platform increases with increasing tidal range. Our results support earlier hypotheses that suggest enhanced stability can be directly attributable to a vegetation growth range that expands with tidal range. Accretion rates equilibrate to the rate of sea level rise in all experiments regardless of tidal range, suggesting that comparisons between accretion rate and tidal range will not likely produce a significant relationship. Therefore, our model results offer an explanation to widely inconsistent field-based attempts to quantify this relationship while still supporting the long-held paradigm that high tidal range marshes are indeed more stable.
C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.; Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Kirwan, Matthew L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM mkirwan@usgs.gov
RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011
FU U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program; National Science
Foundation [EAR 1617209]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change
Research Program and the National Science Foundation (EAR 1617209). We
thank Andrea Hawkes, Ben Gutierrez, and two anonymous reviewers for
their suggestions.
NR 66
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 4
U2 30
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.
PD APR 21
PY 2010
VL 115
AR F02009
DI 10.1029/2009JF001400
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 587ZG
UT WOS:000277034900001
ER
PT J
AU Schiffman, P
Zierenberg, R
Chadwick, WW
Clague, DA
Lowenstern, J
AF Schiffman, Peter
Zierenberg, Robert
Chadwick, William W., Jr.
Clague, David A.
Lowenstern, Jacob
TI Contamination of basaltic lava by seawater: Evidence found in a lava
pillar from Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE lava pillar; seawater contamination; Axial Seamount
ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; CHLORINE; ASSIMILATION; WATER;
CRYSTALLIZATION; ERUPTION; GLASSES; HAWAII; FLOOR
AB A lava pillar formed during the 1998 eruption at Axial Seamount exhibits compositional and textural evidence for contamination by seawater under magmatic conditions. Glass immediately adjacent to anastomosing microfractures within 1 cm of the inner pillar wall is oxidized and significantly enriched in Na and Cl and depleted in Fe and K with respect to that in glassy selvages from the unaffected outer pillar wall. The affected glass contains up to 1 wt % Cl and is enriched by similar to 2 wt % Na(2)O relative to unaffected glass, consistent with a nearly 1:1 (molar) incorporation of NaCl. Glass bordering the Cl-enriched glass in the inner pillar wall is depleted in Na but enriched in K. The presence of tiny (< 10 mu m) grains of Cu-Fe sulfides and Fe sulfides as well as elemental Ni, Ag, and Au in the Na-depleted, K-enriched glass of the inner pillar wall implies significant reduction of this glass, presumably by hydrogen generated during seawater contamination and oxidation of lava adjacent to microfractures. We interpret the compositional anomalies we see in the glass of the interior pillar wall as caused by rapid incorporation of seawater into the still-molten lava during pillar growth, probably on the time scale of seconds to minutes. Only one of seven examined lava pillars shows this effect, and we interpret that seawater has to be trapped in contact with molten lava (inside the lava pillar, in this case) to produce the effects we see. Thus, under the right conditions, seawater contamination of lavas during submarine eruptions is one means by which the oceanic crust can sequester Cl during its global flux cycle. However, since very few recent lava flows have been examined in similar detail, the global significance of this process in effecting Earth's Cl budget remains uncertain.
C1 [Schiffman, Peter; Zierenberg, Robert] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Chadwick, William W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Lowenstern, Jacob] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Schiffman, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM pschiffman@ucdavis.edu
RI Zierenberg, Robert/F-9329-2012;
OI Zierenberg, Robert/0000-0001-9384-7355; Lowenstern,
Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779
FU NOAA
FX The NOAA Vents Program has supported the NeMO seafloor observatory at
Axial Seamount, including the 2003 expedition that collected the lava
pillar sample described in this paper. Thanks to the captain and crew of
the R/V Thompson and the ROPOS ROV team for their support at sea. This
is NOAA/PMEL contribution 3326. Special thanks to Mike Perfit and the
anonymous reviewers who critically read and made excellent suggestions
for improving this manuscript.
NR 30
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD APR 16
PY 2010
VL 11
AR Q04004
DI 10.1029/2009GC003009
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 585KW
UT WOS:000276825400003
ER
PT J
AU Weckworth, BV
Talbot, SL
Cook, JA
AF Weckworth, Byron V.
Talbot, Sandra L.
Cook, Joseph A.
TI Phylogeography of wolves (Canis lupus) in the Pacific Northwest
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Beringia; endemic; glacial refugia; gray wolves; mitochondrial DNA;
Pleistocene; Southeast Alaska
ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIABILITY; MARTEN MARTES-AMERICANA;
QUEEN-CHARLOTTE-ISLANDS; GWAII GLACIAL REFUGIUM; BEARS URSUS-ARCTOS;
ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO; GENETIC CONSEQUENCES; SOUTHEAST ALASKA;
POPULATION-GROWTH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA
AB Glacial cycles in the late Pleistocene played a dominant role in sculpting the evolutionary histories of many high-latitude organisms. The refugial hypothesis argues that populations retracted during glacial maxima and were isolated in separate refugia One prediction of this hypothesis is that populations inhabiting different refugia diverged and then, during interglacial periods, rapidly expanded into deglaciated regions. The range of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was modified by these expansion and contraction cycles in the late Pleistocene Our analyses of variation of mitochondrial control region sequences corroborate previous microsatellite analyses supporting independent evolutionary histories for Coastal and Continental wolves in North America. Coastal wolves represent the remnants of a formerly widespread and diverse southern chide that expanded into coastal Southeast Alaska, likely in the early Holocene In contrast, extant northern Continental populations appear to be admixed, composed of lineages independently arising from ancestors that persisted in either southern or northern (Beringia) refugia. This pattern of diversification suggests the possibility of 3 temporally independent colonizations of North America by wolves from Asia. Coastal wolves are the last vestige of a formerly widespread phylogroup that lamely was extirpated in North America by humans during the last century. The independent phylogeographic history of these Coastal wolves has yet to be characterized. Their distinctiveness among North American wolf populations may warrant a reevaluation of their conservation status and management DOI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-0361
C1 [Weckworth, Byron V.] Idaho State Univ, Div Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
[Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Cook, Joseph A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RP Weckworth, BV (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011;
OI Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670
FU United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife
Service; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service;
National Science Foundation [DEB0196095, DEB0415668]
FX Samples were provided by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
(especially D Person), and archived at the University of Alaska Museum
(B Jacobsen and G Jarrell) and Museum of Southwestern Biology Samples
from the Kenai Peninsula and Copper River Delta were provided by the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Kenai National Wildlife Refuge.
and J Carnes. University of Idaho The staff of the United States
Geological Survey Molecular Ecology Laboratory in Anchorage. Alaska,
particularly J Gust, provided excellent support We thank Y E Sawyer for
our map. E Waltan for help with Bayesian phylounies, and 2 anonymous
reviewers for their thorough review of this submission M Matocq, R
Williams, E Lessa, and the Nunney Laboratory provided helpful comments
on earlier versions of this manuscript The United States Geological
Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States
Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and National Science
Foundation (DEB0196095 and DEB0415668) provided blinding for this
project.
NR 103
TC 14
Z9 17
U1 6
U2 39
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD APR 16
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 2
BP 363
EP 375
DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-036.1
PG 13
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 589BX
UT WOS:000277120600008
ER
PT J
AU O'Shea, TJ
Ellison, LE
Neubaum, DJ
Neubaum, MA
Reynolds, CA
Bowen, RA
AF O'Shea, Thomas J.
Ellison, Laura E.
Neubaum, Daniel J.
Neubaum, Melissa A.
Reynolds, Caryn A.
Bowen, Richard A.
TI Recruitment in a Colorado population of big brown bats: breeding
probabilities, litter size, and first-year survival
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE big brown bats; breeding probabilities; Colorado; Eptesicus fuscus;
fecundity; litter size; maternity colonies; recruitment; reproduction;
survival
ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ENDANGERED INDIANA BAT; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS;
CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MARKED ANIMALS; MYOTIS-SODALIS;
UNITED-STATES; PROGRAM MARK; REPRODUCTION
AB We used mark-recapture estimation techniques and radiography to test hypotheses about 3 important aspects of recruitment in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Fort Collins. Colorado. adult breeding probabilities, litter size, and 1st-year survival of young. We marked 2,968 females with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags at multiple sites during 2001-2005 and based our assessments on direct recaptures (breeding probabilities) and passive detection with automated PIT tag readers (1st-year survival) We interpreted our data in relation to hypotheses regarding demographic influences of hat age. roost, and effects of years with unusual environmental conditions. extreme drought (2002) and arrival of a West Nile virus epizootic (2003). Conditional breeding probabilities at 6 roosts sampled in 2002-2005 were estimated as 0 64 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0 53-0 73) in 1-year-old females, but were consistently high (95% Cl = 0 94-0 96) and did not vary by roost. year. or prior year breeding status in older adults. Mean litter size was 1.11 (95% Cl = 1.05-1.17), based on examination of 112 pregnant females by radiography Litter size was not higher in older or lamer females and was similar to results of other studies in western North America despite wide variation in latitude First-year survival was estimated as 0 67 (95% CI 0 61-0 73) for weaned females at 5 maternity roosts over 5 consecutive years, was lower than adult survival (0 79, 95% CI = 0 77-0.81), and varied by roost. Based on model selection criteria, strong evidence exists for complex roost and year effects on 1st-year survival First year survival was lowest in bats born during the drought year Juvenile females that did not return to roosts as 1-year-olds had lower body condition indices in late summer of their natal year than those known to survive. DOI: 10 1644/08-MAMM-A-295.1
C1 [O'Shea, Thomas J.; Ellison, Laura E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Neubaum, Daniel J.; Neubaum, Melissa A.; Reynolds, Caryn A.; Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Anim Reprod & Technol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
FU United States Geological Survey; National Science Foundation Ecology of
Infectious Diseases [0094959]
FX Assistance with fieldwork and laboratory work was provided by 5 Almon. J
Ammon, T Barnes. J Boland, L Bonewell. M Carson. K Castle. S Cooper, T
Dawes. D Emptage. L Calvin. D Grossblat, M Hayes, B lannone. E Kennedy.
R Kerschei, J LaPlante. G Nance. S Neils. C Newby, R Pearce. V Price, S
Smith, L Taraba. J Tharp. T Torcoletti, and M Vrabely R Wrigley
supervised the radiography Useful suggestions in planning wele provided
by D Anderson. C Rupprecht. and J Wunsatt L Ansell gave administrati VC
support T Stanley advised on data analysis We thank P Cryan. R M
Brigham. E Gillam. and P Stevens for review of the manuscript This
resealch was suppoited by the United States Geological Survey and a
National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases giant
(0094959) to Colorado State University Use of trade. product, ot firm
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not in endorsement by
the United States government
NR 71
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U1 3
U2 33
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-2372
EI 1545-1542
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD APR 16
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 2
BP 418
EP 428
DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-295.1
PG 11
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 589BX
UT WOS:000277120600012
ER
PT J
AU Jolley, DB
Ditchkoff, SS
Sparklin, BD
Hanson, LB
Mitchell, MS
Grand, JB
AF Jolley, D. Buck
Ditchkoff, Stephen S.
Sparklin, Bill D.
Hanson, Laura B.
Mitchell, Michael S.
Grand, James B.
TI Estimate of herpetofauna depredation by a population of wild pigs
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Anolis carolinensis; consumption; fetal pig; predation; Scaphiopus
holbrooku; Sus scrofa; wild pig
ID LIZARD ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; FERAL PIGS; OAK
WOODLANDS; SUS-SCROFA; HOGS; CALIFORNIA; FOREST; CONSUMPTION; PREDATORS
AB Herpetofauna populations are decreasing worldwide, and the range of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) is expanding Depredation of threatened reptile and amphibian populations by wild pigs could be substantial By understanding depredation characteristics and rates, more resources can be directed toward controlling populations of wild pigs coincident with threatened or endangered herpetofauna populations. From April 2005 to Match 2006 we used firearms to collect wild pigs (n = 68) and examined stomach content for reptiles and amphibians We found 64 individual reptiles and amphibians. composed of 5 different species, that were consumed by wild pigs during an estimated 254 hours of foraging Primarily arboreal species (e.g,, Anolis carolinensis) became more vulnerable to depredation when temperatures were low and they sought thermal shelter Other species (e.g. Scapluopus holbrookn) that exhibit mass terrestrial migrations during the breeding, season also faced Increased vulnerability to depredation by wild pigs Results suggest that wild pigs ate opportunistic consumers that can exploit and potentially have a negative impact on species with particular life-history characteristics. DOI. 10 1644/09-MAMM-A-129.1.
C1 [Jolley, D. Buck; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.; Hanson, Laura B.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Sparklin, Bill D.; Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Ditchkoff, SS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011
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PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD APR 16
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 2
BP 519
EP 524
DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-129.1
PG 6
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 589BX
UT WOS:000277120600022
ER
PT J
AU Pribil, MJ
Wanty, RB
Ridley, WI
Borrok, DM
AF Pribil, M. J.
Wanty, R. B.
Ridley, W. I.
Borrok, D. M.
TI Influence of sulfur-bearing polyatomic species on high precision
measurements of Cu isotopic composition
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cu isotopes; Anion exchange; Polyatomic interference
ID SOURCE-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS; COPPER; ZINC; ZN; FRACTIONATION;
SEPARATION; RATIOS; IRON
AB An increased interest in high precision Cu isotope ratio measurements using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) has developed recently for various natural geologic systems and environmental applications, these typically contain high concentrations of sulfur, particularly in the form of sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) and sulfide (S). For example, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations in acid mine drainage (AMD) can range from 100 mu g/L to greater than 50 mg/L with sulfur species concentrations reaching greater than 1000 mg/L. Routine separation of Cu, Fe and Zn from AMD, Cu-sulfide minerals and other geological matrices usually incorporates single anion exchange resin column chromatography for metal separation. During chromatographic separation, variable breakthrough of SO(4)(2-) during anion exchange resin column chromatography into the Cu fractions was observed as a function of the initial sulfur to Cu ratio, column properties, and the sample matrix. SO(4)(2-) present in the Cu fraction can form a polyatomic (32)S-(14)N-(16)O-(1)H species causing a direct mass interference with (63)Cu and producing artificially light delta(65)Cu values. Here we report the extent of the mass interference caused by SO(4)(2-) breakthrough when measuring delta(65)Cu on natural samples and NIST SRM 976 Cu isotope spiked with SO(4)(2-) after both single anion column chromatography and double anion column chromatography. A set of five 100 mu g/L Cu SRM 976 samples spiked with 500 mg/L resulted in an average delta(65)Cu of 3.50 parts per thousand +/- 5.42 parts per thousand following single anion column separation with variable SO(4)(2-) breakthrough but an average concentration of 770 mu g/L. Following double anion column separation, the average SO(4)(2-) concentration of 13 mu g/L resulted in better precision and accuracy for the measured delta(65)Cu value of 0.01 parts per thousand +/- 0.02 parts per thousand relative to the expected 0 parts per thousand. for SRM 976. We conclude that attention to SO(4)(2-) breakthrough on sulfur-rich samples is necessary for accurate and precise measurements of delta(65)Cu and may require the use of a double ion exchange column procedure. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Pribil, M. J.; Wanty, R. B.; Ridley, W. I.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Borrok, D. M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
RP Pribil, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 20, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mpribil@usgs.gov
FU USGS Mineral Resources Program
FX The authors would like to thank Todor Todorov and Laurie Balistrieri for
providing helpful reviews of the early versions of the manuscript. We
also acknowledge the thoughtful comments from Cory Archer and an
anonymous reviewer that improved the manuscript. We also thank Michael
Lewan and Maciej Kotarba for providing the Kupferschiefer oil sample.
Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Mineral Resources
Program. The use of brand names in this report is for descriptive
purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US Geological
Survey.
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U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD APR 15
PY 2010
VL 272
IS 1-4
BP 49
EP 54
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.02.003
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 590JC
UT WOS:000277220700006
ER
PT J
AU Walters, DM
Mills, MA
Fritz, KM
Raikow, DF
AF Walters, David M.
Mills, Marc A.
Fritz, Ken M.
Raikow, David F.
TI Spider-Mediated Flux of PCBs from Contaminated Sediments to Terrestrial
Ecosystems and Potential Risks to Arachnivorous Birds
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; HARTWELL SUPERFUND SITE; STABLE-ISOTOPE
ANALYSES; LONG-TERM RECOVERY; LAKE HARTWELL; FOOD WEBS; ORGANIC
CONTAMINANTS; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; INSECTS; DECHLORINATION
AB We investigated aquatic insect utilization and PCB exposure in riparian spiders at the Lake Hartwell Superfund site (Clemson, SC). We sampled sediments, adult chironomids, terrestrial insects, riparian spiders (Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, and Mecynogea lemniscata), and upland spiders (Araneidae) along a sediment contamination gradient Stable isotopes (delta(13)C, delta(15)N) indicated that riparian spiders primarily consumed aquatic insects whereas upland spiders consumed terrestrial insects. PCBs in chironomids (mean 1240 ng/g among sites) were 2 orders of magnitude higher than terrestrial insects (15.2 ng/g), similar to differences between riparian (820-2012 ng/g) and upland spiders (30 ng/g). Riparian spider PCBs were positively correlated with sediment concentrations for all taxa (r(2) = 0.44-0.87). We calculated spider-based wildlife values (WVs, the minimum spider PCB concentrations causing physiologically significant doses in consumers) to assess exposure risks for arachnivorous birds. Spider concentrations exceeded WVs for most birds at heavily contaminated sites and were similar to 14-fold higher for the most sensitive species (chickadee nestlings, Poecile spp.). Spiders are abundant and ubiquitous in riparian habitats, where they depend on aquatic insect prey. These traits, along with the high degree of spatial correlation between spider and sediment concentrations we observed, suggest that they are model indicator species for monitoring contaminated sediment sites and assessing risks associated with contaminant flux into terrestrial ecosystems.
C1 [Walters, David M.; Fritz, Ken M.; Raikow, David F.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
[Mills, Marc A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM waltersd@usgs.gov
RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012; Fritz, Ken/A-9868-2013; Mills,
Marc/C-3449-2017
OI Mills, Marc/0000-0002-0169-3086
NR 48
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U1 4
U2 55
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 8
BP 2849
EP 2856
DI 10.1021/es9023139
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 581WK
UT WOS:000276556000019
PM 20025228
ER
PT J
AU Janssen, EML
Croteau, MN
Luoma, SN
Luthy, RG
AF Janssen, Elisabeth M. -L
Croteau, Marie-Noele
Luoma, Samuel N.
Luthy, Richard G.
TI Measurement and Modeling of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Bioaccumulation
from Sediment for the Marine Polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata and
Response to Sorbent Amendment
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACTIVATED CARBON AMENDMENT; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MACOMA-BALTHICA;
LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; PAH BIOAVAILABILITY;
DEPOSIT FEEDERS; INGESTION RATE; REDUCE PCB; ACCUMULATION
AB Bioaccumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata were characterized, including PCB uptake rates from water and sediment, and the effect of sorbent amendment to the sediment on PCB bioavailability, organism growth, and lipid content Physiological parameters were incorporated into a biodynamic model to predict contaminant uptake. The results indicate rapid PCB uptake from contaminated sediment and significant organism growth dilution during time-series exposure studies. PCB uptake from the aqueous phase accounted for less than 3% of the total uptake for this deposit-feeder. Proportional increase of gut residence time and assimilation efficiency as a consequence of the organism's growth was assessed by PCB uptake and a reactor theory model of gut architecture. Pulse-chase feeding and multilabeled stable isotope tracing techniques proved high sediment ingestion rates (i.e., 6-10 times of dry body weight per day) indicating that such deposit-feeders are promising biological indicators for sediment risk assessment Activated carbon amendment reduced PCB uptake by 95% in laboratory experiments with no observed adverse growth effects on the marine polychaete. Biodynamic modeling explained the observed PCB body burdens for N. arenaceodentata, with and without sorbent amendment.
C1 [Janssen, Elisabeth M. -L; Luthy, Richard G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM luthy@stanford.edu
RI Janssen, Elisabeth/K-4246-2012
FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP)
[ER-1552]
FX Pamela McLeod and Jacqueline Augusiak helped with experimental setup and
processing. Project funding was provided through the Strategic
Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP, ER-1552).
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U2 25
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 8
BP 2857
EP 2863
DI 10.1021/es901632e
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 581WK
UT WOS:000276556000020
PM 20384377
ER
PT J
AU Walters, DM
Blocksom, KA
Lazorchak, JM
Jicha, T
Angradi, TR
Bolgrien, DW
AF Walters, David M.
Blocksom, Karen A.
Lazorchak, James M.
Jicha, Terri
Angradi, Theodore R.
Bolgrien, David W.
TI Mercury Contamination in Fish in Midcontinent Great Rivers of the United
States: Importance of Species Traits and Environmental Factors
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPHIC DYNAMICS; FOOD-WEB; WATER; BIOMAGNIFICATION; METHYLMERCURY;
DEPOSITION; STREAMS; LAKES; US; BIOACCUMULATION
AB We measured mercury (Hg) concentrations in whole fish from the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers to characterize the extent and magnitude of Hg contamination and to identify environmental factors influencing Hg accumulation. Concentrations were generally lower (80% of values between 20-200 ng g(-1) wet weight) than those reported for other regions (e.g., upper Midwest and Northeast U.S.). Mercury exceeded the risk threshold for belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon, the most sensitive species considered) in 33-75% of river length and 1-7% of river length for humans. Concentrations were lower in the Missouri than in the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, consistent with continental-scale patterns in atmospheric Hg deposition. Body size and trophic guild were the best predictors of Hg concentrations, which were highest in large-bodied top predators. Site geochemical and landscape properties were weakly related with fish Hg. Moreover, relationships often ran contrary to conventional wisdom, and the slopes of the relationships (positive or negative) were inconsistent among fish guilds and rivers. For example, sulfate is positively associated with fish Hg concentrations but was negatively correlated with Hg in five of six regression models of tissue concentrations. Variables such as pH, acid neutralizing capacity, and total phosphorus did not occur at levels associated with high fish Hg concentrations, partially explaining the relatively low Hg values we observed.
C1 [Walters, David M.; Blocksom, Karen A.; Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
[Jicha, Terri; Angradi, Theodore R.; Bolgrien, David W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Walters, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
EM waltersd@usgs.gov
RI Walters, David/I-4914-2012;
OI Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and
Development
FX We thank the numerous field crews that collected samples, laboratory
personnel that processed the samples, data specialists who managed the
information, B. Cade for statistical advice, and S. Peterson for his
comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded
and managed this research. It has been subjected to the Agency's
administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade
names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
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U1 2
U2 26
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 8
BP 2947
EP 2953
DI 10.1021/es903754d
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 581WK
UT WOS:000276556000033
PM 20297812
ER
PT J
AU Lu, XN
Webb, M
Talbott, M
Van Eenennaam, J
Palumbo, A
Linares-Casenave, J
Doroshov, S
Struffenegger, P
Rasco, B
AF Lu, Xiaonan
Webb, Molly
Talbott, Mariah
Van Eenennaam, Joel
Palumbo, Amanda
Linares-Casenave, Javier
Doroshov, Serge
Struffenegger, Peter
Rasco, Barbara
TI Distinguishing Ovarian Maturity of Farmed White Sturgeon (Acipenser
transmontanus) by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A Potential
Tool for Caviar Production Management
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE FT-IR; white sturgeon; plasma; sex steroids; vitellogenin; oocyte
polarization index
ID SW-NIR SPECTROSCOPY; RAINBOW-TROUT LIVER; PLASMA SEX STEROIDS; FT-IR
SPECTROSCOPY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STIMULATING-HORMONE; STRETCHING
BANDS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; APPLE JUICE; VITELLOGENIN
AB Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, 4000-400 cm(-1)) was applied to blood plasma of farmed white sturgeon (N = 40) to differentiate and predict the stages of ovarian maturity. Spectral features of sex steroids (similar to 3000 cm(-1)) and vitellogenin (similar to 1080 cm(-1)) were identified. Clear segregation of maturity stages (previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis, postvitellogenesis, and follicular atresia) was achieved using principal component analysis (PCA). Progression of oocyte development in the late phase of vitellogenesis was also monitored using PCA based on changes in plasma concentrations of sex steroid and lipid content. The observed oocyte polarization index (PI, a measure of nuclear migration) was correlated with changes in plasma sex steroid levels revealed by FT-IR PCA results. A partial least squares (PLS) model predicted PI values within the range 0.12-0.40 (R = 0.95, SEP = 2.18%) from differences in spectral features. These results suggest that FT-IR may be a good tool for assessing ovarian maturity in farmed sturgeon and will reduce the need for the invasive ovarian biopsy required for PI determination.
C1 [Lu, Xiaonan; Rasco, Barbara] Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA.
[Webb, Molly] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Talbott, Mariah] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Van Eenennaam, Joel; Palumbo, Amanda; Linares-Casenave, Javier; Doroshov, Serge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Struffenegger, Peter] Sterling Calif LLC, Elverta, CA 95626 USA.
RP Rasco, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Food Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA.
EM rasco@wsu.edu
OI Palumbo, Amanda/0000-0002-5074-1072
FU Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture
[2007-38500-18593]
FX Received for review November 2, 2009. Revised manuscript received
January 28, 2010. Accepted February 9, 2010. This study was funded by a
grant from the Western Region Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, under Grant No, 2007-38500-18593.
NR 59
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U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD APR 14
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 7
BP 4056
EP 4064
DI 10.1021/jf9038502
PG 9
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 577OG
UT WOS:000276232700026
PM 20170152
ER
PT J
AU McCabe, GJ
Legates, DR
Lins, HF
AF McCabe, Gregory J.
Legates, David R.
Lins, Harry F.
TI Variability and trends in dry day frequency and dry event length in the
southwestern United States
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CHANGING CLIMATE;
PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENTS; STREAMFLOW TRENDS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN;
20TH-CENTURY; MODES; WATER
AB Daily precipitation from 22 National Weather Service first-order weather stations in the southwestern United States for water years 1951 through 2006 are used to examine variability and trends in the frequency of dry days and dry event length. Dry events with minimum thresholds of 10 and 20 consecutive days of precipitation with less than 2.54 mm are analyzed. For water years and cool seasons (October through March), most sites indicate negative trends in dry event length (i.e., dry event durations are becoming shorter). For the warm season (April through September), most sites also indicate negative trends; however, more sites indicate positive trends in dry event length for the warm season than for water years or cool seasons. The larger number of sites indicating positive trends in dry event length during the warm season is due to a series of dry warm seasons near the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Overall, a large portion of the variability in dry event length is attributable to variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, especially for water years and cool seasons. Our results are consistent with analyses of trends in discharge for sites in the southwestern United States, an increased frequency in El Nino events, and positive trends in precipitation in the southwestern United States.
C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Legates, David R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Off State Climatologist, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Lins, Harry F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM gmccabe@usgs.gov
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD APR 14
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D07108
DI 10.1029/2009JD012866
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 585LM
UT WOS:000276827000003
ER
PT J
AU Bain, MB
Cornwell, ER
Hope, KM
Eckerlin, GE
Casey, RN
Groocock, GH
Getchell, RG
Bowser, PR
Winton, JR
Batts, WN
Cangelosi, A
Casey, JW
AF Bain, Mark B.
Cornwell, Emily R.
Hope, Kristine M.
Eckerlin, Geofrey E.
Casey, Rufina N.
Groocock, Geoffrey H.
Getchell, Rodman G.
Bowser, Paul R.
Winton, James R.
Batts, William N.
Cangelosi, Allegra
Casey, James W.
TI Distribution of an Invasive Aquatic Pathogen (Viral Hemorrhagic
Septicemia Virus) in the Great Lakes and Its Relationship to Shipping
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID BALLAST-WATER; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NORTH-SEA; CANADA; INTRODUCTIONS;
ONTARIO; TROUT; OCEAN
AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a rhabdovirus found in fish from oceans of the northern hemisphere and freshwaters of Europe. It has caused extensive losses of cultured and wild fish and has become established in the North American Great Lakes. Large die-offs of wild fish in the Great Lakes due to VHSV have alarmed the public and provoked government attention on the introduction and spread of aquatic animal pathogens in freshwaters. We investigated the relations between VHSV dispersion and shipping and boating activity in the Great Lakes by sampling fish and water at sites that were commercial shipping harbors, recreational boating centers, and open shorelines. Fish and water samples were individually analyzed for VHSV using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cell culture assays. Of 1,221 fish of 17 species, 55 were VHSV positive with highly varied qRT-PCR titers (1 to 5,950,000 N gene copies). The detections of VHSV in fish and water samples were closely associated and the virus was detected in 21 of 30 sites sampled. The occurrence of VHSV was not related to type of site or shipping related invasion hotspots. Our results indicate that VHSV is widely dispersed in the Great Lakes and is both an enzootic and epizootic pathogen. We demonstrate that pathogen distribution information could be developed quickly and is clearly needed for aquatic ecosystem conservation, management of affected populations, and informed regulation of the worldwide trade of aquatic organisms.
C1 [Bain, Mark B.; Eckerlin, Geofrey E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Cornwell, Emily R.; Hope, Kristine M.; Casey, Rufina N.; Groocock, Geoffrey H.; Getchell, Rodman G.; Bowser, Paul R.; Casey, James W.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Winton, James R.; Batts, William N.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Cangelosi, Allegra] NE Midwest Inst, Washington, DC USA.
RP Bain, MB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM Mark.Bain@Cornell.edu
OI Getchell, Rodman/0000-0003-4063-4668
FU Great Lakes Protection Fund through the The Northeast-Midwest Institute;
U.S. Department of Agriculture [NYC-147446]
FX Primary funding for this study was provided by The Great Lakes
Protection Fund through the The Northeast-Midwest Institute. Additional
funding came from the Great Lakes Research Consortium and the Cornell
University Agricultural Experiment Station project No. NYC-147446 (U.S.
Department of Agriculture). The funders had no role in study design,
data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
NR 43
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 26
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD APR 13
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 4
AR e10156
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010156
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 583UV
UT WOS:000276706300012
PM 20405014
ER
PT J
AU Grant, EHC
Nichols, JD
Lowe, WH
Fagan, WF
AF Grant, Evan H. Campbell
Nichols, James D.
Lowe, Winsor H.
Fagan, William F.
TI Use of multiple dispersal pathways facilitates amphibian persistence in
stream networks
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE amphibian decline; dendritic ecological network; stream salamander;
plethodontidae; movement
ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SALAMANDERS; ECOLOGY; MOVEMENT; DECLINES;
EXTINCTION; CORRIDORS; PARADIGM; PATTERNS; MODELS
AB Although populations of amphibians are declining worldwide, there is no evidence that salamanders occupying small streams are experiencing enigmatic declines, and populations of these species seem stable. Theory predicts that dispersal through multiple pathways can stabilize populations, preventing extinction in habitat networks. However, empirical data to support this prediction are absent for most species, especially those at risk of decline. Our mark-recapture study of stream salamanders reveals both a strong upstream bias in dispersal and a surprisingly high rate of overland dispersal to adjacent headwater streams. This evidence of route-dependent variation in dispersal rates suggests a spatial mechanism for population stability in headwater-stream salamanders. Our results link the movement behavior of stream salamanders to network topology, and they underscore the importance of identifying and protecting critical dispersal pathways when addressing region-wide population declines.
C1 [Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, NE Amphibian Res & Monitoring Initiat, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Grant, Evan H. Campbell] Univ Maryland, Program Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lowe, Winsor H.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Grant, EHC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, NE Amphibian Res & Monitoring Initiat, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM ehgrant@usgs.gov
RI Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014
OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496
FU James S. McDonnell Foundation [220020138]
FX We are indebted to our field assistants: C. Otto, K. Cecala, S.
Mattfeldt, A. Dietrich, M. Stover, M. Weaver, E. Strauss, M. Michelson,
and L. Bailey. Special thanks to P. Toschik for support during this
study. This manuscript was substantially improved with comments from P.
Toschik, L. Green, K. Lips, S. Converse, and H. Lynch. Funding for this
research was provided by the Amphibian Research and Monitoring
Initiative of the United States Geological Survey and the James S.
McDonnell Foundation through a grant from the Studying Complex Systems
program (220020138).
NR 36
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U1 4
U2 40
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD APR 13
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 15
BP 6936
EP 6940
DI 10.1073/pnas.1000266107
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 583AC
UT WOS:000276642100068
ER
PT J
AU Julian, BR
Foulger, GR
Monastero, FC
Bjornstad, S
AF Julian, Bruce R.
Foulger, Gillian R.
Monastero, Francis C.
Bjornstad, Steven
TI Imaging hydraulic fractures in a geothermal reservoir
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GRENSDALUR VOLCANIC COMPLEX; DOUBLE-COUPLE EARTHQUAKES; FOCAL
MECHANISMS; PLATE BOUNDARY; CALIFORNIA; ICELAND; GEYSERS; AREA;
INVERSION
AB An injection experiment at the Coso geothermal field in eastern California in March 2005 caused a swarm of microearthquakes that was recorded by a local network of three-component digital seismometers. High-resolution relative hypocenter locations propagated upward and northward on a 700 x 600 m plane striking N 20 degrees E and dipping 75 degrees to the WNW. This plane is a pre-existing fault, whose surface projection coincides with an active scarp. The earthquakes have similar non-double-couple mechanisms that involve volume increases, and the fault plane bisects their dilatational fields, implying a process dominated by tensile failure. The source types require the additional involvement of subsidiary shear faulting, however. Events before and after the swarm have variable orientations and volume changes of both signs. Similar tensile-shear failure is observed in some natural microearthquake swarms, for example at Long Valley caldera, California. Its occurrence under low fluid pressure may imply a heterogeneous stress field or the induction of thermal stresses by introduction of cold fluid. Citation: Julian, B. R., G. R. Foulger, F. C. Monastero, and S. Bjornstad (2010), Imaging hydraulic fractures in a geothermal reservoir, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07305, doi:10.1029/2009GL040933.
C1 [Julian, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Foulger, Gillian R.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
[Monastero, Francis C.] Magma Energy US Corp, Reno, NV 89523 USA.
[Bjornstad, Steven] Geothermal Program Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA.
RP Julian, BR (reprint author), Foulger Consulting, 1025 Paradise Way, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA.
EM bruce@foulgerconsulting.com
FU Department of Energy [DE-FG3606GO16058]; U.S. Navy
FX Funding for this work was provided by Department of Energy grant
DE-FG3606GO16058 and the U.S. Navy. We thank Dave Hill and David Shelly
for reviews. The data were provided by the Geothermal Program Office of
the U. S. Navy.
NR 22
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Z9 20
U1 4
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 8
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L07305
DI 10.1029/2009GL040933
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 581SN
UT WOS:000276544900001
ER
PT J
AU Seelos, KD
Arvidson, RE
Jolliff, BL
Chemtob, SM
Morris, RV
Ming, DW
Swayze, GA
AF Seelos, Kimberly D.
Arvidson, Raymond E.
Jolliff, Bradley L.
Chemtob, Steven M.
Morris, Richard V.
Ming, Douglas W.
Swayze, Gregg A.
TI Silica in a Mars analog environment: Ka'u Desert, Kilauea Volcano,
Hawaii
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; TERRA-MERIDIANI; ROCK COATINGS; DEPOSITS;
DIVERSITY; CHEMISTRY; SULFATE; ORIGIN; TEPHRA; VIEW
AB Airborne Visible/Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired over the Ka'u Desert are atmospherically corrected to ground reflectance and used to identify the mineralogic components of relatively young basaltic materials, including 250-700 and 200-400 year old lava flows, 1971 and 1974 flows, ash deposits, and solfatara incrustations. To provide context, a geologic surface units map is constructed, verified with field observations, and supported by laboratory analyses. AVIRIS spectral end members are identified in the visible (0.4 to 1.2 mu m) and short wave infrared (2.0 to 2.5 mu m) wavelength ranges. Nearly all the spectral variability is controlled by the presence of ferrous and ferric iron in such minerals as pyroxene, olivine, hematite, goethite, and poorly crystalline iron oxides or glass. A broad, nearly ubiquitous absorption feature centered at 2.25 mu m is attributed to opaline (amorphous, hydrated) silica and is found to correlate spatially with mapped geologic surface units. Laboratory analyses show the silica to be consistently present as a deposited phase, including incrustations downwind from solfatara vents, cementing agent for ash duricrusts, and thin coatings on the youngest lava flow surfaces. A second, Ti-rich upper coating on young flows also influences spectral behavior. This study demonstrates that secondary silica is mobile in the Ka'u Desert on a variety of time scales and spatial domains. The investigation from remote, field, and laboratory perspectives also mimics exploration of Mars using orbital and landed missions, with important implications for spectral characterization of coated basalts and formation of opaline silica in arid, acidic alteration environments.
C1 [Seelos, Kimberly D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Arvidson, Raymond E.; Jolliff, Bradley L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Chemtob, Steven M.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91225 USA.
[Morris, Richard V.; Ming, Douglas W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Seelos, KD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
RI Seelos, Kimberly/F-4647-2015
OI Seelos, Kimberly/0000-0001-7236-0580
FU NASA
FX We are grateful to Alian Wang for her expertise and use of the Raman
spectroscopy lab at Washington University. This work benefited from
constructive review from Janice Bishop and an anonymous reviewer.
Support provided by the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program by
a grant to Washington University and the NASA Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter project.
NR 62
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD APR 8
PY 2010
VL 115
AR E00D15
DI 10.1029/2009JE003347
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 581TU
UT WOS:000276548400001
ER
PT J
AU Ma, S
Andrews, DJ
AF Ma, Shuo
Andrews, D. J.
TI Inelastic off-fault response and three-dimensional dynamics of
earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; HECTOR MINE EARTHQUAKE; KARADERE-DUZCE BRANCH; NORTH
ANATOLIAN FAULT; STRONG GROUND MOTION; SHEAR RUPTURE; VELOCITY
VARIATIONS; SEISMIC VELOCITY; CALIFORNIA; GENERATION
AB Large dynamic stress off the fault incurs an inelastic response and energy loss, which contributes to the fracture energy, limiting the rupture and slip velocity. Using an explicit finite element method, we model three-dimensional dynamic ruptures on a vertical strike-slip fault in a homogeneous half-space. The material is subjected to a pressure-dependent Drucker-Prager yield criterion. Initial stresses in the medium increase linearly with depth. Our simulations show that the inelastic response is confined narrowly to the fault at depth. There the inelastic strain is induced by large dynamic stresses associated with the rupture front that overcome the effect of the high confining pressure. The inelastic zone increases in size as it nears the surface. For material with low cohesion (similar to 5 MPa) the inelastic zone broadens dramatically near the surface, forming a "flowerlike" structure. The near-surface inelastic strain occurs in both the extensional and the compressional regimes of the fault, induced by seismic waves ahead of the rupture front under a low confining pressure. When cohesion is large (similar to 10 MPa), the inelastic strain is significantly reduced near the surface and confined mostly to depth. Cohesion, however, affects the inelastic zone at depth less significantly. The induced shear microcracks show diverse orientations near the surface, owing to the low confining pressure, but exhibit mostly horizontal slip at depth. The inferred rupture-induced anisotropy at depth has the fast wave direction along the direction of the maximum compressive stress.
C1 [Ma, Shuo] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Andrews, D. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Ma, S (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
EM sma@geology.sdsu.edu
RI Ma, Shuo/G-8089-2011
FU Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); NSF [EAR-0106924]; USGS
[02HQAG0008]
FX We thank an anonymous reviewer, Jean-Paul Ampuero, and Nadia Lapusta for
constructive comments that improved our manuscript dramatically and Paul
Spudich, Brad Aagaard, and Ruth Harris for helpful USGS internal
reviews. We used Oliver Boyd's Matlab script to plot beach balls. This
work was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC),
which is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924 and USGS
Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. This is SCEC contribution 1323.
NR 50
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U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD APR 8
PY 2010
VL 115
AR B04304
DI 10.1029/2009JB006382
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 581TX
UT WOS:000276548800005
ER
PT J
AU Moschetti, MP
Ritzwoller, MH
Lin, F
Yang, Y
AF Moschetti, M. P.
Ritzwoller, M. H.
Lin, F.
Yang, Y.
TI Seismic evidence for widespread western-US deep-crustal deformation
caused by extension
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; UPPER-MANTLE; PHASE-VELOCITY; UNITED-STATES;
ANISOTROPY; FLOW; INVERSION; NOISE; BENEATH; ARRAY
AB Laboratory experiments have established that many of the materials comprising the Earth are strongly anisotropic in terms of seismic-wave speeds(1). Observations of azimuthal(2,3) and radial(4,5) anisotropy in the upper mantle are attributed to the lattice-preferred orientation of olivine caused by the shear strains associated with deformation, and provide some of the most direct evidence for deformation and flow within the Earth's interior. Although observations of crustal radial anisotropy would improve our understanding of crustal deformation and flow patterns resulting from tectonic processes, large-scale observations have been limited to regions of particularly thick crust(6). Here we show that observations from ambient noise tomography in the western United States reveal strong deep (middle to lower)-crustal radial anisotropy that is confined mainly to the geological provinces that have undergone significant extension during the Cenozoic Era (since similar to 65 Myr ago)(7,8). The coincidence of crustal radial anisotropy with the extensional provinces of the western United States suggests that the radial anisotropy results from the lattice-preferred orientation of anisotropic crustal minerals caused by extensional deformation. These observations also provide support for the hypothesis that the deep crust within these regions has undergone widespread and relatively uniform strain in response to crustal thinning and extension(9-11).
C1 [Moschetti, M. P.; Ritzwoller, M. H.; Lin, F.; Yang, Y.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Imaging Earths Interior, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Moschetti, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mmoschetti@usgs.gov
RI Yang, Yingjie/C-6988-2009; Lin, Fan-Chi/E-8170-2012;
OI Yang, Yingjie/0000-0002-1105-3824
FU US National Science Foundation, Division of Earth Sciences; US National
Defense; American Society for Engineering Education
FX This manuscript benefited from discussions with K. Mahan, C. Jones and
P. Molnar. Research was supported by the US National Science Foundation,
Division of Earth Sciences. M. P. M. received support from an US
National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship from the
American Society for Engineering Education. The facilities of the IRIS
Data Management System, and specifically the IRIS Data Management
Center, were used to access the waveform and metadata required in this
study.
NR 33
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U1 1
U2 19
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD APR 8
PY 2010
VL 464
IS 7290
BP 885
EP U94
DI 10.1038/nature08951
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 579TM
UT WOS:000276397300036
PM 20376148
ER
PT J
AU Stephan, K
Jaumann, R
Brown, RH
Soderblom, JM
Soderblom, LA
Barnes, JW
Sotin, C
Griffith, CA
Kirk, RL
Baines, KH
Buratti, BJ
Clark, RN
Lytle, DM
Nelson, RM
Nicholson, PD
AF Stephan, Katrin
Jaumann, Ralf
Brown, Robert H.
Soderblom, Jason M.
Soderblom, Laurence A.
Barnes, Jason W.
Sotin, Christophe
Griffith, Caitlin A.
Kirk, Randolph L.
Baines, Kevin H.
Buratti, Bonnie J.
Clark, Roger N.
Lytle, Dyer M.
Nelson, Robert M.
Nicholson, Phillip D.
TI Specular reflection on Titan: Liquids in Kraken Mare
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERE; PLANETS; SURFACE
AB After more than 50 close flybys of Titan by the Cassini spacecraft, it has become evident that features similar in morphology to terrestrial lakes and seas exist in Titan's polar regions. As Titan progresses into northern spring, the much more numerous and larger lakes and seas in the north-polar region suggested by Cassini RADAR data, are becoming directly illuminated for the first time since the arrival of the Cassini spacecraft. This allows the Cassini optical instruments to search for specular reflections to provide further confirmation that liquids are present in these evident lakes. On July 8, 2009 Cassini VIMS detected a specular reflection in the north-polar region of Titan associated with Kraken Mare, one of Titan's large, presumed seas, indicating the lake's surface is smooth and free of scatterers with respect to the wavelength of 5 mm, where VIMS detected the specular signal, strongly suggesting it is liquid. Citation: Stephan, K., et al. ( 2010), Specular reflection on Titan: Liquids in Kraken Mare, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07104, doi: 10.1029/2009GL042312.
C1 [Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Nelson, Robert M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Barnes, Jason W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Jason M.; Griffith, Caitlin A.; Lytle, Dyer M.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Soderblom, Laurence A.; Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Nicholson, Phillip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Jaumann, Ralf] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Geosci, D-1000 Berlin, Germany.
RP Stephan, K (reprint author), DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
EM katrin.stephan@dlr.de
RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009;
OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Soderblom, Jason/0000-0003-3715-6407
FU DLR; Helmholtz Alliance Planetary Evolution and Life
FX We gratefully acknowledge the many years of work by the entire Cassini
team that allowed these data of Titan to be obtained. We thank K. D.
Matz for data processing support, R. D. Lorenz and an anonymous reviewer
for valuable comments that significantly improved our manuscript. Part
of this work was performed with support of DLR and the Helmholtz
Alliance Planetary Evolution and Life.
NR 18
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U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 7
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L07104
DI 10.1029/2009GL042312
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 581SL
UT WOS:000276544700003
ER
PT J
AU Fishbaugh, KE
Hvidberg, CS
Byrne, S
Russell, PS
Herkenhoff, KE
Winstrup, M
Kirk, R
AF Fishbaugh, Kathryn E.
Hvidberg, Christine S.
Byrne, Shane
Russell, Patrick S.
Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.
Winstrup, Mai
Kirk, Randolph
TI First high-resolution stratigraphic column of the Martian north polar
layered deposits
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARS; REGION; TOPOGRAPHY; HISTORY
AB This study achieves the first high-spatial-resolution, layer-scale, measured stratigraphic column of the Martian north polar layered deposits using a 1m-posting DEM. The marker beds found throughout the upper North Polar Layered Deposits range in thickness from 1.6 m-16.0 m +/-1.4 m, and 6 of 13 marker beds are separated by similar to 25-35 m. Thin-layer sets have average layer separations of 1.6 m. These layer separations may account for the spectral-power-peaks found in previous brightness-profile analyses. Marker-bed layer thicknesses show a weak trend of decreasing thickness with depth that we interpret to potentially be the result of a decreased accumulation rate in the past, for those layers. However, the stratigraphic column reveals that a simple rhythmic or bundled layer sequence is not immediately apparent throughout the column, implying that the relationship between polar layer formation and cyclic climate forcing is quite complex. Citation: Fishbaugh, K. E., C. S. Hvidberg, S. Byrne, P. S. Russell, K. E. Herkenhoff, M. Winstrup, and R. Kirk (2010), First high-resolution stratigraphic column of the Martian north polar layered deposits, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07201, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041642.
C1 [Fishbaugh, Kathryn E.; Russell, Patrick S.] Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Hvidberg, Christine S.; Winstrup, Mai] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Ice & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Byrne, Shane] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Kirk, Randolph] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Fishbaugh, KE (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, MRC 315,POB 30712, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
EM fishbaughke@si.edu
RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Winstrup, Mai/M-5844-2014; Hvidberg,
Christine/E-8934-2015
OI Winstrup, Mai/0000-0002-4794-4004; Hvidberg,
Christine/0000-0002-9665-1339
FU NASA; Danish Council for Independent Research
FX This work was funded by a NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Participating
Scientist grant to KEF. The DEM was created at the USGS Astrogeology
Science Center in Flagstaff, AZ. Thanks are gratefully extended to the
International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland for
hosting the KEF-led team, "Are the Martian polar deposits a Rosetta
Stone for the climate?"; the fruitful discussions during those meetings
greatly improved our understanding of the NPLD stratigraphy. CSH thanks
the Danish Council for Independent Research for support.
NR 30
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD APR 2
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L07201
DI 10.1029/2009GL041642
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 578SD
UT WOS:000276314600001
ER
PT J
AU Mehl, S
Hill, MC
AF Mehl, Steffen
Hill, Mary C.
TI Grid-size dependence of Cauchy boundary conditions used to simulate
stream-aquifer interactions
SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Stream-aquifer interaction; Hyporheic; Groundwater-surface water
interaction; Local grid refinement; MODFLOW
ID DIFFERENCE GROUNDWATER MODELS; SURFACE-WATER; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE;
REFINEMENT METHOD; MOUNTAIN STREAM; FLOW MODEL; MODFLOW; STATE; ZONE
AB This work examines the simulation of stream-aquifer interactions as grids are refined vertically and horizontally and suggests that traditional methods for calculating conductance can produce inappropriate values when the grid size is changed. Instead, different grid resolutions require different estimated values. Grid refinement strategies considered include global refinement of the entire model and local refinement of part of the stream. Three methods of calculating the conductance of the Cauchy boundary conditions are investigated. Single- and multi-layer models with narrow and wide streams produced stream leakages that differ by as much as 122% as the grid is refined. Similar results occur for globally and locally refined grids, but the latter required as little as one-quarter the computer execution time and memory and thus are useful for addressing some scale issues of stream-aquifer interactions. Results suggest that existing grid-size criteria for simulating stream-aquifer interactions are useful for one-layer models, but inadequate for three-dimensional models. The grid dependence of the conductance terms suggests that values for refined models using, for example, finite difference or finite-element methods, cannot be determined from previous coarse-grid models or field measurements. Our examples demonstrate the need for a method of obtaining conductances that can be translated to different grid resolutions and provide definitive test cases for investigating alternative conductance formulations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Mehl, Steffen; Hill, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Mehl, Steffen] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Civil Engn, Chico, CA 95929 USA.
RP Mehl, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM swmehl@usgs.gov; mchill@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [NSF-GER-9454093]
FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey and a National
Science Foundation Graduate Research Traineeship grant, NSF-GER-9454093.
Suggestions from Gilbert Barth, Fenella Brown, Daniel Feinstein, Henk
Haitjema, and Robert Runkel and 5 anonymous reviewers were helpful in
improving this manuscript. Use of brand names in this report is for
identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the
US Government.
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0309-1708
J9 ADV WATER RESOUR
JI Adv. Water Resour.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 4
BP 430
EP 442
DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2010.01.008
PG 13
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 586NO
UT WOS:000276917400007
ER
PT J
AU Cincotta, DA
Welsh, SA
AF Cincotta, Dan A.
Welsh, Stuart A.
TI Discovery of Ammocrypta clara (Western Sand Darter) in the Upper Ohio
River of West Virginia
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID PLEISTOCENE VICARIANCE HYPOTHESIS; ELK RIVER; INTRASPECIFIC
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CYTOCHROME-B; PERCIDAE; ETHEOSTOMATINAE; DRAINAGE;
FISHES
AB Ammocrypta clara Jordan and Meek (western sand darter) occurs primarily in the western portions of Mississippi River system, but also has been reported from a Lake Michigan drainage and a few eastern Texas Gulf Slope rivers. Additional range records depict a semi-disjunct distribution within the Ohio River drainage, including collections from Wabash River in Indiana, the Cumberland, Green, Kentucky and Big Sandy rivers of Kentucky, and the upper Tennessee River in Tennessee and Virginia. This paper documents the occurrence of A. clam from the upper Ohio River drainage within the lower Elk River, West Virginia, based on collections from 1986, 1991, 1993, 2005 and 2006. The Elk River population, consistent with those of other Ohio River drainages, has slightly higher counts for numbers of dorsal-fin rays, scales below lateral line and lateral line scales when compared to data from populations outside of the Ohio River drainage. Modal counts of meristic characters are similar among populations, except for higher modal counts of lateral line scales in the Ohio River population. The discovery of the Elk River population extends the range distribution of A. clam in the Eastern Highlands region, documents wide distributional overlap and additional sympatry with its sister species, A. pellucida (eastern sand darter), and softens support for an east-west Central Highlands vicariance hypothesis for the present distribution of A. thaw and A. pellucida.
C1 [Cincotta, Dan A.] Wildlife Resources Sect, W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Etkins, WV 26241 USA.
[Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, WV Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Cincotta, DA (reprint author), Wildlife Resources Sect, W Virginia Div Nat Resources, POB 67, Etkins, WV 26241 USA.
FU Sportsfish Restoration Act; State Wildlife Grants
FX We wish to thank all field personnel from the West Division of Natural
Resources and West Virginia University whom assisted on the Elk River
collections of the subject species, particularly M. Hoeft, S. Morrison,
T. Oldham, M. Shingleton, K. Sheehan, D. Thorne and A. Yeager. Funding
for the majority of the surveys conducted was made possible via the
Sportsfish Restoration Act and State Wildlife Grants. Walter Kordek,
Assistant Chief of the WVDNR Wildlife Diversity Program, reviewed the
manuscript and offered suggestions for its improvement. Appreciation is
also extended to Karen Eye for typing the initial manuscript. Reference
to trade names does not imply endorsement of commercial products by the
U.S. government.
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PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
EI 1938-4238
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 163
IS 2
BP 318
EP 325
DI 10.1674/0003-0031-163.2.318
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 575ET
UT WOS:000276050400006
ER
PT J
AU Jones, JW
Neves, RJ
Ahlstedt, SA
Hubbs, D
Johnson, M
Dan, H
Ostby, BJK
AF Jones, Jess W.
Neves, Richard J.
Ahlstedt, Steven A.
Hubbs, Don
Johnson, Matt
Dan, Hua
Ostby, Brett J. K.
TI Life History and Demographics of the Endangered Birdwing Pearlymussel
(Lemiox rimosus) (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID FISH HOSTS; PROPAGATION; GLOCHIDIA; VIRGINIA; MOLLUSCA
AB The life history and population demography of the endangered birdwing pearlymussel (Lemiox rimosus) were studied in the Clinch and Duck rivers, Tennessee. Reproducing populations of L. rimosus now occur only in the Clinch, Duck and Powell rivers, as the species is considered extirpated from the remaining portions of its range in the Tennessee River drainage. Females are long-term winter brooders, typically gravid from Oct. to May. Glochidia are contained in the outer gills and are released in association with a mantle-lure that resembles a small freshwater snail. Estimated fecundity, based on 8 gravid females collected from the Clinch and Duck rivers, ranged from 4132 to 58,700 glochidia/mussel. Seven fish species were tested for suitability as hosts for glochidia, and five darter species were confirmed through induced infestations: Etheostoma blennioides, E. camurum, E. rufilineatum, E. simoterum and E. zonale. Ages of L. rimosus shells were determined by thin-sectioning and ranged from 3 to 15 y in both rivers. Shell growth was higher and maximum size greater in males than females in both rivers. Shell growth was greatest in the Duck River. Densities of L. rimosus in the Clinch River were maintained at seemingly stable but low levels ranging from 0.07 to 0.27 m(-2) from 2004-2007, and in the Duck River at similar but higher levels ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 m(-2) from 2004-2006. In the latter river, abundance has increased since 1988, likely due to improved minimum flows and dissolved oxygen levels in water releases from a reservoir upstream.
C1 [Jones, Jess W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Ahlstedt, Steven A.] US Geol Survey, Norris, TN 37828 USA.
[Hubbs, Don] Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Camden, TN 38320 USA.
RP Jones, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM Jess_Jones@fws.gov
FU Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, Tennessee; Tennessee
Valley Authority; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Asheville,
North Carolina; U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Department of Game and
Inland Fisheries; Wildlife Management institute; Virginia Polytechnic
Institute; State University
FX Acknowledgments. This study was funded by Tennessee Wildlife Resources
Agency, Nashville, Tennessee, Tennessee Valley Authority and U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Asheville, North Carolina. The Virginia
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported jointly by the
U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Department of Game and Inland
Fisheries, Wildlife Management institute and Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University. The authors would like to thank Dr.
Michael Gangloff (Appalachian State University) and Jeff Powell (USFWS)
for providing shells of Lemiox rimosus from the Duck River, and Dr.
Braven Beaty (The Nature Conservancy) and the anonymous referees for
their comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript.
NR 32
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U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 163
IS 2
BP 335
EP 350
DI 10.1674/0003-0031-163.2.335
PG 16
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 575ET
UT WOS:000276050400008
ER
PT J
AU Bursey, CR
Goldberg, SR
Bettaso, JB
AF Bursey, Charles R.
Goldberg, Stephen R.
Bettaso, Jamie B.
TI Persistence and Stability of the Component Helminth Community of the
Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog, Rana boylii (Ranidae), from Humboldt
County, California, 1964-1965, Versus 2004-2007
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID PARASITES
AB Persistence and stability of the component helminth community of Rana boylii from Humboldt County, California was evaluated using two collections made 40 y apart (1964-1965 and 2004-2007). The component helminth community consisted of 13 species: one species of Cestoda (Distoichometra bufonis), six species of Digenea (Deropegus aspina, Glypthelmins quieta, Gorgoderina multilobata, Haematoloecus kernensis, Megalodiscus microphagus, echinostome metacercariae) four species of Nematoda, (Cosmocercoides variabilis, Hedruris sp., Rhabdias ranae, third stage Physalopterids) and two species of Acanthocephala (represented by centrorhynchid cystacanths and oligacanthorhynchid cystacanths). Twelve (92%) of the 13 species occurred in the 1964-1965 sample; nine (69%) of the 13 species were found in the 2004-2007 sample; eight (62%) of the 13 species occurred in both samples. Rana boylii is parasitized by generalist helminths that co-occur in other hosts. The aggregate of host species may be more important to parasite community stability than any single host species.
C1 [Bursey, Charles R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Sharon, PA 16146 USA.
[Goldberg, Stephen R.] Whittier Coll, Dept Biol, Whittier, CA 90608 USA.
[Bettaso, Jamie B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata FWO, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Bursey, CR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Shenango Campus, Sharon, PA 16146 USA.
EM cxb13@psu.edu
NR 30
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U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 163
IS 2
BP 476
EP 482
DI 10.1674/0003-0031-163.2.476
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 575ET
UT WOS:000276050400020
ER
PT J
AU Finkelstein, ME
Doak, DF
Nakagawa, M
Sievert, PR
Klavitter, J
AF Finkelstein, M. E.
Doak, D. F.
Nakagawa, M.
Sievert, P. R.
Klavitter, J.
TI Assessment of demographic risk factors and management priorities:
impacts on juveniles substantially affect population viability of a
long-lived seabird
SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE albatross; contaminants; demography; heavy metals; management; lead
ID COMPENSATORY MITIGATION; FISHERIES BYCATCH; LAYSAN ALBATROSS; MARINE
BYCATCH; DIOMEDEA-IMMUTABILIS; LEAD-EXPOSURE; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS;
UNCERTAINTY; EXTINCTION
AB Predicting population-level effects from changes in demographic rates of different life stages is critical to prioritize conservation efforts. Demographic modeling and sensitivity analysis in particular, has become a standard tool to evaluate how management actions influence species' survival. Demographic analyses have resulted in the robust generalization that, for long-lived species with delayed reproduction, population growth rates will be most sensitive to changes in survivorship of older-aged individuals. Although useful in guiding management, this simple maxim may limit options for conservation by causing managers to overlook actions that, although possibly not the most effective in terms of increasing a population's growth rate in an ideal world, can nonetheless more feasibly and rapidly slow a population's decline. We examine the population-level benefits of increasing chick survival in a long-lived seabird, the Laysan albatross Phoebastria immutabilis. Specifically, we use a simple deterministic modeling approach to evaluate the impact of chick mortality (from ingestion of lead-based paint) on the population growth rate (lambda) for Laysan albatross that breed on Sand Island, Midway Atoll (part of the Hawaiian Archipelago). We estimate that up to 7% of chicks on Sand Island fail to fledge as a result of lead poisoning, which will create a 16% reduction in the Laysan albatross population size (similar to 190 000 less birds) at 50 years into the future. We demonstrate how straightforward management actions that increase juvenile survivorship (e.g. removal of lead-based paint) can help slow population declines while efforts are underway to reduce politically and logistically challenging threats to adult survivorship (e.g. mortality from international fisheries bycatch). Our work exemplifies a situation where overgeneralizations about demography can stifle useful conservation actions and highlights the need to consider the population-level benefits from multiple management strategies.
C1 [Finkelstein, M. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Doak, D. F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Nakagawa, M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Sievert, P. R.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Klavitter, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI USA.
RP Finkelstein, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, 1156 High St Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM myraf@ucsc.edu
FU Switzer Environmental Leadership Grant
FX We thank the USFWS, Midway Atoll NWR, D. Forney, E. Flint, M. Goldman,
N. Hoffman, B.S. Keitt, D.R. Smith, L. Woodward and T. Work and we are
grateful for the comments provided by anonymous reviewers. This work was
supported by the David H. Smith Postdoctoral Fellowship and Switzer
Environmental Leadership Grant.
NR 44
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U1 8
U2 37
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1367-9430
J9 ANIM CONSERV
JI Anim. Conserv.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 13
IS 2
BP 148
EP 156
DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00311.x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 573MA
UT WOS:000275916800009
ER
PT J
AU Ransom, JI
Cade, BS
Hobbs, NT
AF Ransom, Jason I.
Cade, Brian S.
Hobbs, N. Thompson
TI Influences of immunocontraception on time budgets, social behavior, and
body condition in feral horses
SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Equus caballus; Fertility control; Porcine zona pellucida (PZP); Wild
horse; Wildlife contraception
ID PRZEWALSKI HORSES; FERTILITY-CONTROL; SAMPLING METHODS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR;
EQUUS-CABALLUS; MARES; REPRODUCTION; PATTERNS; PROGESTERONE; PREGNANCY
AB Managers concerned with shrinking habitats and limited resources for wildlife seek effective tools for limiting population growth in some species. Fertility control is one such tool, yet little is known about its impacts on the behavioral ecology of wild, free-roaming animals. We investigated influences of the immunocontraceptive porcine zona pellucida (PZP) on individual and social behavior in bands of feral horses (Equus caballus) in three discrete populations and used 14 hierarchical mixed effect models to gain insight into the influences of PZP treatment on feral horse behavior. A model of body condition was the strongest predictor of feeding, resting, maintenance, and social behaviors, with treated females allocating their time similarly to control females. Time spent feeding declined 11.4% from low condition to high condition females (F(1,154)=26.427, P < 0.001) and was partially reciprocated by a 6.0% increase in resting (F(1,154)= 7.629, P=0.006), 0.9% increase in maintenance (F(1,154)=7.028, P=0.009). and 1.8% increase in social behavior (F(1,154)=15.064, P < 0.001). There was no difference detected in body condition of treated versus control females (F(1,154)=0.033, P = 0.856), but females with a dependent foal had lower body condition than those without a foal (F(1,154)=4.512, P=0.038). Herding behavior was best explained by a model of treatment and the interaction of band fidelity and foal presence (AIC(c) weight = 0.660) which estimated no difference in rate of herding behavior directed toward control versus treated females (F(1,102)=0.196, P=0.659), but resident females without a dependent foal were herded 50.9% more than resident females with a foal (F(3,102)=8.269, P<0.001). Treated females received 54.5% more reproductive behaviors from stallions than control mares (F(1,105)=5.155, P = 0.025), with the model containing only treatment being the most-supported (AIC(c) weight = 0.530). Treated and control females received harem-tending behaviors from stallions equally (F(1,105)=0.001, P = 0.969) and agonistic behaviors from stallions equally (F(1,105) < 0.001, P = 0.986). Direct effects of PZP treatment on the behavior of feral horses appear to be limited primarily to reproductive behaviors and most other differences detected were attributed to the effects of body condition, band fidelity, or foal presence. PZP is a promising alternative to traditional hormone-based contraceptives and appears to contribute few short-term behavioral modifications in feral horses. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Ransom, Jason I.; Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Hobbs, N. Thompson] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Ransom, JI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM ransomj@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey Wildlife Program
FX Thank you to the guiding forces of the research advisory team that
provided oversight for this project: F. Singer, J. Roelle, A. Kane, L.
Coates-Markle, D. Bolstad, and A. Shepherd. F. Singer and L
Coates-Markle were instrumental in developing the field trial plan,
treatment strategies and initiating the larger fertility control study.
Thanks to W. Andelt, P. Cryan, T. Holcombe, J. MacLeay, J. Roelle and
two anonymous referees for reviewing earlier versions of this
manuscript. Special thanks to T. Hatle and J. Dollerschell with the US
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and C. Bromley with the National Park
Service for logistical assistance on the ranges. A generous thank you to
the outstanding field technicians that made this work a reality: H.
Abouelezz, L. Caldwell, M. Esser, M. Felix, K. Grams, P. Grigsby, S.
Hahn, B. Hutchings, G. Manus, J. Nibler, C. Petrandis, P. Preator, J.
Severude, and G. Thygerson. This study was funded by the U.S. Geological
Survey Wildlife Program, in collaboration with the BLM, USDA Animal and
Plant Health Inspection Service, and Colorado State University. Any use
of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does
not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Colorado State
University.
NR 62
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U1 3
U2 33
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1591
J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI
JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 124
IS 1-2
BP 51
EP 60
DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.01.015
PG 10
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary
Sciences
SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences
GA 580AC
UT WOS:000276417800007
ER
PT J
AU Dantin, DD
Boustany, RG
Lewis, MA
Jordan, SJ
Moss, RF
Michot, TC
AF Dantin, Darrin D.
Boustany, Ronald G.
Lewis, Michael A.
Jordan, Stephen J.
Moss, Rebecca F.
Michot, Thomas C.
TI Effects of Nutrient Pre-Exposure on Atrazine Toxicity to Vallisneria
americana Michx. (Wild Celery)
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEAGRASS; ENRICHMENT; LOUISIANA; GROWTH; NEKTON; BAY
AB Accelerated eutrophication is common to many freshwater and marine environments and often co-occurs with the presence of anthropogenic chemicals. However, the toxic effects of common chemical stressors such as herbicides in the presence of elevated nutrients are not well understood for most aquatic flora, particularly vascular species. To provide insight, field-collected Vallisneria americana Michx. (wild celery) were sequentially exposed to three nutrient concentrations for 3 months and then to nominal 11 and 110 mu g L(-1) atrazine for 96 h. Nutrient concentrations (combined NH(4) (+), NO(2) (-), NO(3) (-), PO(4) (-)) were based on ambient concentrations in the St. Johns River (FL) and ranged from 0.013 to 0.668 mg L(-1). Nutrient pretreatment potentiated the toxicity of atrazine as determined by chlorophyll fluorescence activity. Electron transport rates (ETR) were significantly less (48-59%) for plants pretreated with low and ambient nutrient levels in the presence of an average of 107.5-128.1 mu g L(-1) atrazine. Significant ETR reductions were also observed for plants exposed to an average of 11.4 mu g L(-1) atrazine after exposure to nutrients three times the ambient concentration in the St. Johns River. The results indicate the importance of considering the presence of nutrients in chemical hazard assessments, particularly for phytotoxicants and nontarget vascular plants.
C1 [Dantin, Darrin D.; Lewis, Michael A.; Jordan, Stephen J.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
[Boustany, Ronald G.; Michot, Thomas C.] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Moss, Rebecca F.] IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Dantin, DD (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
EM dantin.darrin@epa.gov; ron.boustany@la.usda.gov; lewis.michael@epa.gov;
jordan.steve@epa.gov; rebecca_moss@usgs.gov; tommy_michot@usgs.gov
FU SJRWMD
FX This research was a collaborative project between the USEPA Gulf Ecology
Division (Gulf Breeze, FL) and the USGS National Wetlands Research
Center (Lafayette, LA). Field collection assistance was provided by
personnel from the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD),
Palatka, FL. Support for mesocosm operation provided by SJRWMD.
Greenhouse facility provided by University of Louisiana, Lafayette, and
maintained by USGS National Wetlands Research Center.
NR 49
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U1 1
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 3
BP 622
EP 630
DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9399-3
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 581GV
UT WOS:000276510700014
PM 19795158
ER
PT J
AU Williams, BK
Semlitsch, RD
AF Williams, Bethany K.
Semlitsch, Raymond D.
TI Larval Responses of Three Midwestern Anurans to Chronic, Low-Dose
Exposures of Four Herbicides
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VISION(R) HERBICIDE; AQUATIC COMMUNITIES; AMPHIBIAN LARVAE; FOREST
WETLANDS; ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; HYLA-VERSICOLOR; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SURFACE
WATERS; LIFE STAGES; GLYPHOSATE
AB Low levels of agricultural herbicides often contaminate surface water and might persist throughout the growing season, potentially acting as stressors on aquatic organisms. Although low-dose, chronic exposures to agrochemicals are likely common for many nontarget organisms, studies addressing these effects using end-use herbicide formulations are rare. We exposed three common species of tadpoles to conservative levels of atrazine, S-metolachlor, and glyphosate end-use herbicide formulations throughout the larval period to test for survival differences or life-history trait alterations. Exposure to the glyphosate product Roundup WeatherMax(A (R)) at 572 ppb glyphosate acid equivalents (a.e.) resulted in 80% mortality of western chorus frog tadpoles, likely as a result of a unique surfactant formulation. Exposure to WeatherMax(A (R)) or Roundup Original Max(A (R)) at 572 ppb a.e. also lengthened the larval period for American toads. Chronic atrazine and S-metolachlor exposures induced no significant negative effects on survival, mass at metamorphosis, or larval period length at the levels tested. These results highlight the importance of explicitly tying chronic tests to the natural environment and considering contributions of surfactant/adjuvant components to end-use formulation toxicities, even between very similar products.
C1 [Williams, Bethany K.; Semlitsch, Raymond D.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM bkwilliams@usgs.gov
OI Semlitsch, Raymond/0000-0002-7999-5762
NR 55
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U1 1
U2 32
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 3
BP 819
EP 827
DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9390-z
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 581GV
UT WOS:000276510700035
PM 19768486
ER
PT J
AU Herring, G
Ackerman, JT
Eagles-Smith, CA
Adelsbach, TL
Melancon, MJ
Stebbins, KR
Hoffman, DJ
AF Herring, Garth
Ackerman, Joshua T.
Eagles-Smith, Collin A.
Adelsbach, Terrence L.
Melancon, Mark J.
Stebbins, Katie R.
Hoffman, David J.
TI Organochlorine and PBDE Concentrations in Relation to Cytochrome P450
Activity in Livers of Forster's Terns (Sterna forsteri) and Caspian
Terns (Hydroprogne caspia), in San Francisco Bay, California
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; COLUMBIA
RIVER ESTUARY; SPACE USE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; MERCURY
CONCENTRATIONS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; USA; TRENDS
AB We measured halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) [polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)] and P450 [e.g., ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD)] stress in livers from Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) adults and Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) adults and chicks in San Francisco Bay (SFB). Penta BDEs and tetra PBDEs composed 46-66% of aPBDE in terns. PCB homologues di, tri, penta, hexa, and hepta composed 93-95% of aPCBs and p'p-DDE composed 82-98% of all aDDTs. We found similar concentrations of aPBDEs [mean micrograms per gram wet weight (ww) +/- standard error = 0.4 +/- 0.1], aPCBs (5.9 +/- 1.6), and aDDTs (0.6 +/- 0.1) among species, sexes, and regions. However, concentrations were higher in Forster's tern adults than chicks (aPBDEs = 0.4 +/- 0.1 and 0.1 +/- 0.1; aPCBs = 7.08 +/- 2.4 and 2.4 +/- 1.4; aDDTs = 0.5 +/- 0.1 and 0.1 +/- 0.1; respectively), and there was a nonsignificant trend of elevated aPBDEs and aPCBs for adult Forster's terns in the Central South Bay and Lower South Bay portions of SFB. Combined Forster's tern and Caspian tern aDDTs bioaccumulated similarly to selenium, but not mercury, and there was a nonsignificant but positive trend for aPBDEs and aPCBs bioaccumulation with mercury. P450 protein activity was higher in adult Forster's terns than Caspian terns, higher in Central South Bay than in Lower South Bay, and higher in adult Forster's terns than in chicks.
C1 [Herring, Garth; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Herring, Garth] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Adelsbach, Terrence L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Div, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA.
[Melancon, Mark J.; Stebbins, Katie R.; Hoffman, David J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM gherring@ucdavis.edu
FU CALFED Bay Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12]; Don Edwards San
Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge [11640-2005-002, 11640-2006-006]
FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay Ecosystem Restoration Program
(grant No. ERP-02D-C12). We appreciate the support and cooperation of
the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge staff
(Special Use Permits 11640-2005-002 and 11640-2006-006). We thank Robin
Keister, Sarah Stoner-Duncan, John Henderson, and Cathy Johnson for
field and lab work; Susan De La Cruz, Mark Ricca, and two anonymous
reviewers provided valuable comments on previous drafts of this
manuscript. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U. S. government.
NR 61
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U1 1
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 3
BP 863
EP 873
DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9366-z
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 581GV
UT WOS:000276510700040
PM 19653030
ER
PT J
AU Woodman, N
AF Woodman, Neal
TI History and dating of the publication of the Philadelphia (1822) and
London (1823) editions of Edwin James's Account of an expedition from
Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains
SO ARCHIVES OF NATURAL HISTORY
LA English
DT Article
DE Stephen Harriman Long; Thomas Say; North America; exploration;
nomenclature; publication history; taxonomy
AB The public record of Major Stephen H. Long's 1819-1820 exploration of the American north-west, Account of an expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, compiled by Edwin James, contains valuable contributions regarding the natural landscapes, native peoples and wildlife of a mostly unexplored region of the American west compiled from the notes of some of America's foremost naturalists, and it includes the first descriptions of 67 new species. The original plan was to publish the Account in Philadelphia and London simultaneously, yet these two editions differ substantially in ways that are relevant to the taxonomic contributions in the work. It is generally assumed that the Philadelphia edition was published in early January 1823 and was available first, but little substantive evidence has been presented to support its priority over the London edition. Review of contemporary correspondence and periodicals indicates the Philadelphia edition was available and for sale on 31 December 1822, whereas the London edition was available in late February 1823. As previously assumed by most sources, the Philadelphia edition has priority of publication and is the authority for most species names. Its correct year of publication, however, is 1822 rather than 1823.
C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
EM woodmann@si.edu
OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373
NR 70
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U1 0
U2 3
PU EDINBURGH UNIV PRESS
PI EDINBURGH
PA 22 GEORGE SQUARE, EDINBURGH EH8 9LF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 0260-9541
J9 ARCH NAT HIST
JI Arch. Nat. Hist.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 1
BP 28
EP 38
DI 10.3366/E0260954109001636
PG 11
WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 838UZ
UT WOS:000296319300003
ER
PT J
AU Walk, JW
Kershner, EL
Benson, TJ
Warner, RE
AF Walk, Jeffery W.
Kershner, Eric L.
Benson, Thomas J.
Warner, Richard E.
TI NESTING SUCCESS OF GRASSLAND BIRDS IN SMALL PATCHES IN AN AGRICULTURAL
LANDSCAPE
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
DE Dickcissel; Eastern Meadowlark; grassland birds; nest success; patch
size; Spiza americana; Sturnella magna
ID DICKCISSELS SPIZA-AMERICANA; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; AREA SENSITIVITY;
ARTIFICIAL NESTS; ANNUAL FECUNDITY; BREEDING BIRDS; FRAGMENTATION;
PREDATION; HABITAT; CONSERVATION
AB Although conservation theory argues for large habitat patches, most grasslands in the Midwest are small. To assess the influence of patch size and proximity to edges on nest survival, we monitored 816 nests of two grassland-nesting species, Dickcissel (Spiza americana) and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), from 1996 to 2000 in a network of grasslands (3-142 ha) surrounded by cropland and small patches (<1 ha) of woody vegetation in southeastern Illinois. In this grassland-agriculture matrix, small patch size and proximity to cropland edges did not negatively affect nesting success of these two grassland species of management concern that commonly occur in small patches. Although larger grasslands are necessary to attract area-sensitive species, this work demonstrates the importance of even small grassland patches for nesting habitat in grassland birds. The landscape-scale density of grassland patches in this area may also contribute to the nesting success of these birds. Our results suggest that loss of small grassland patches would have a direct negative effect on population fecundity and an unknown impact through cumulative landscape effects. Received 10 March 2009, accepted 18 September 2009.
C1 [Walk, Jeffery W.] Nature Conservancy, Peoria, IL 61602 USA.
[Kershner, Eric L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA.
[Benson, Thomas J.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Warner, Richard E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Walk, JW (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 301 SW Adams St,Suite 1007, Peoria, IL 61602 USA.
EM jwalk@tnc.org
RI Benson, Thomas/B-8526-2013
OI Benson, Thomas/0000-0002-7287-7499
FU Illinois Council on Food and Agricultural Research (C-FAR); Illinois
Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Preservation Fund; University
of Illinois
FX We gratefully acknowledge the suggestions of E. K. Bollinger, J. D.
Brawn, S. K. Davis, J. Fargione, J. R. Herkert, P. Karieva, S. K.
Robinson, D. Shinneman, T. Van Deelen, and three anonymous reviewers. We
appreciate the dedicated work of numerous field assistants and the
cooperation of S. Simpson of the Illinois Department of Natural
Resources. Thanks to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources,
Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, Illinois Audubon Society, The
Nature Conservancy, and J. Zumbahlen for access to properties. Funding
for this work was provided by the Illinois Council on Food and
Agricultural Research (C-FAR), the Illinois Department of Natural
Resources Wildlife Preservation Fund, and the University of Illinois.
NR 40
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U1 5
U2 44
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 127
IS 2
BP 328
EP 334
DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09180
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 592RT
UT WOS:000277398000009
ER
PT J
AU Bush, KL
Aldridge, CL
Carpenter, JE
Paszkowski, CA
Boyce, MS
Coltman, DW
AF Bush, Krista L.
Aldridge, Cameron L.
Carpenter, Jennifer E.
Paszkowski, Cynthia A.
Boyce, Mark S.
Coltman, David W.
TI BIRDS OF A FEATHER DO NOT ALWAYS LEK TOGETHER: GENETIC DIVERSITY AND
KINSHIP STRUCTURE OF GREATER SAGE-GROUSE (CENTROCERCUS UROPHASIANUS) IN
ALBERTA
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
DE Centrocercus urophasianus; dispersal; genetic diversity; Greater
Sage-Grouse; kin selection; population genetics; relatedness
ID LAGOPUS-LAGOPUS-SCOTICUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; KIN SELECTION;
PRAIRIE-CHICKENS; TETRAO-TETRIX; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; FRAGMENTED
LANDSCAPE; MARKERS; CAPERCAILLIE; DISPERSAL
AB Acr Endangered species are sensitive to the genetic effects of fragmentation, small population size, and inbreeding, so effective management requires a thorough understanding of their breeding systems and genetic diversity. The Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a lekking species that has declined by 66-92% during the past 35 years in Alberta. Our goals were to assess the genetic diversity of Greater Sage-Grouse in Alberta and to determine the degree of sex-specific relatedness within and among leks. Six hundred and four individuals sampled in 1998-2007 were genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. Levels of genetic diversity were high, with the exception of one recently founded lek, and did not change over time. Overall, we did not observe isolation-by-distance among leks, and most leks were not differentiated from one another, which suggests that gene flow occurs across the study area. Males and females exhibited similar patterns of isolation-by-distance, so dispersal was not sex-specific. Overall relatedness was close to zero for both sexes at the level of the province, lek, and year, which suggests that neither sex forms strong kin associations. However, we found relatedness within leks at the year level to be greater than zero, which indicates interannual variation. We also found no evidence that Greater Sage-Grouse follow the typical avian pattern of male philopatry. Although the species is endangered in Alberta and occurs in fragmented habitat, it has maintained genetic diversity and connectivity. Received 8 September 2008, accepted 22 September 2009.
C1 [Bush, Krista L.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Carpenter, Jennifer E.; Paszkowski, Cynthia A.; Boyce, Mark S.; Coltman, David W.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
[Bush, Krista L.] Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Aldridge, Cameron L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Aldridge, Cameron L.] Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Bush, KL (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
EM kbush@aviangenetics.com
RI Aldridge, Cameron /F-4025-2011; Coltman, David/A-4453-2012; Boyce,
Mark/A-2620-2014
OI Coltman, David/0000-0002-1268-2307; Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X
FU World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Canada Endangered Species Recovery Fund;
Alberta Conservation Associaton Grant Eligible Conservation Fund; Parks
Canada Species at Risk Recovery Action and Education Fund; Nature
Conservancy; Alberta Conservation Association and Alberta Cooperative
Conservation Research Unit; Alberta Sport, Recreation, Parks and
Wildlife Foundation; Montana Bureau of Land Management; WWF USA;
American Pheasant and Waterfowl Society (AIM'S) Leslie Tassel Fund;
Society of Canadian Ornithologists Taverner Award; Prairie Ornamental
Pheasant and Waterfowl Association; National Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada; Saskatchewan Environment and Resource
Management; University of Alberta; Native Bird Habitat; APWS Charles
Sivelle Scholarship; Canadian Wildlife Foundation Orville Erickson
Memorial Scholarship; Canadian Ornamental Pheasant and Gamebird
Association Bob Landon Bursary
FX We thank Alberta Fish and Wildlife for molted feather collection. In
particular, we thank J. Nicholson and D. Eslinger. We thank C.
Andersson, T. Cessford, M. McCrum, B. Necyk, S. Vahidy, and A. Wong for
sample preparation, C. Dyte for sample preparation, computer program
creation and GIS mapping, and C. Strobeck for lab space at the beginning
of the project. We thank R. Gibson, A. Krakauer, K. Scribner, S. Sealy,
and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on this manuscript. This
research was funded by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Canada Endangered
Species Recovery Fund; Alberta Conservation Associaton Grant Eligible
Conservation Fund; Parks Canada Species at Risk Recovery Action and
Education Fund; the Nature Conservancy; Alberta Conservation Association
and Alberta Cooperative Conservation Research Unit Challenge Grants in
Biodiversity; Alberta Sport, Recreation, Parks and Wildlife Foundation
Development Initiatives Program; Montana Bureau of Land Management; WWF
USA; American Pheasant and Waterfowl Society (AIM'S) Leslie Tassel Fund;
Society of Canadian Ornithologists Taverner Award; and Prairie
Ornamental Pheasant and Waterfowl Association. K.B. was supported by
National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Postgraduate Doctoral and Masters Scholarships, Walter H. Johns
Fellowships, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management
Scholarships, University of Alberta, Garden Club of America Frances M.
Peacock Scholarship for Native Bird Habitat, APWS Charles Sivelle
Scholarship, Canadian Wildlife Foundation Orville Erickson Memorial
Scholarship, and a Canadian Ornamental Pheasant and Gamebird Association
Bob Landon Bursary.
NR 71
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PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 127
IS 2
BP 343
EP 353
DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09035
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 592RT
UT WOS:000277398000011
ER
PT J
AU Griffith, EH
Sauer, JR
Royle, JA
AF Griffith, Emily H.
Sauer, John R.
Royle, J. Andrew
TI TRAFFIC EFFECTS ON BIRD COUNTS ON NORTH AMERICAN BREEDING BIRD SURVEY
ROUTES
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
DE hierarchical models; North American Breeding Bird Survey; roadside
surveys; traffic effect
ID POPULATION-CHANGE; POINT COUNTS; NOISE; ROADS
AB The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is an annual roadside survey used to estimate population change in >420 species of birds that breed in North America. Roadside sampling has been criticized, in part because traffic noise can interfere with bird counts. Since 1997, data have been collected on the numbers of vehicles that pass during counts at each stop. We assessed the effect of traffic by modeling total vehicles as a covariate of counts in hierarchical Poisson regression models used to estimate population change. We selected species for analysis that represent birds detected at low and high abundance and birds with songs of low and high frequencies. Increases in vehicle counts were associated with decreases in bird counts in most of the species examined. The size and direction of these effects remained relatively constant between two alternative models that we analyzed. Although this analysis indicated only a small effect of incorporating traffic effects when modeling roadside counts of birds, we suggest that continued evaluation of changes in traffic at BBS stops should be a component of future BBS analyses. Received 6 April 2009, accepted 23 September 2009.
C1 [Griffith, Emily H.; Sauer, John R.; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Griffith, EH (reprint author), Fed Bur Invest, Criminal Justice Informat Serv Div, Crime Anal Res & Dev Unit, 1000 Custer Hollow Rd, Clarksburg, WV 26306 USA.
EM emily.griffith@leo.gov
OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167
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PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 127
IS 2
BP 387
EP 393
DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09056
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 592RT
UT WOS:000277398000016
ER
PT J
AU Claramunt, S
Derryberry, EP
Chesser, RT
Aleixo, A
Brumfield, RT
AF Claramunt, Santiago
Derryberry, Elizabeth P.
Chesser, R. Terry
Aleixo, Alexandre
Brumfield, Robb T.
TI POLYPHYLY OF CAMPYLORHAMPHUS, AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS FOR C.
PUCHERANI (DENDROCOLAPTINAE)
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
DE Campylorhamphus; Dendrocolaptinae; Drymotoxeres; morphometric
heterogeneity; phylogeny; ranking criteria; taxonomy
ID MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; WOODCREEPERS AVES;
PASSERIFORMES; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CHARACTERS; INCONGRUENCE; ALLOMETRY;
EVOLUTION; SELECTION
AB We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of Campylorhamphus pucherani using DNA sequences from three mitochondrial genes and a nuclear intron, as well as 84 morphological characters from the skeleton, the integument, and the musculature. The molecular phylogeny indicated that C. pucherani is not part of Campylorhamphus; instead, it is the sister species to Drymornis bridgesii, in a clade that also contains Lepidocolaptes. The morphological phylogeny also placed C. pucherani in a clade that contains Drymornis and Lepidocolaptes. Using a morphometric analysis of size and shape diversity, we demonstrated that the inclusion of C. pucherani in Drymornis would create an excessively heterogeneous genus compared with other dendrocolaptine genera. Because no generic name is available for C. pucherani, we describe the new genus Drymotoxeres for this species. Received 18 June 2009, accepted 12 October 2009.
C1 [Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Chesser, R. Terry] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Aleixo, Alexandre] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66040170 Belem, Para, Brazil.
RP Claramunt, S (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM sclara1@tigers.lsu.edu
RI Derryberry, Elizabeth/C-2396-2011; Aleixo, Alexandre/L-3135-2013;
Brumfield, Robb/K-6108-2015
OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688
FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0400797, DEB-0543562]
FX We are grateful to the following people and institutions for providing
tissue samples: G. Barrowclough and P. Sweet, Department of Ornithology,
American Museum of Natural History; J. Bates and D. Willard, Bird
Division, Field Museum of Natural History; F. Sheldon and D. Dittmann,
Genetic Resources Collection, Louisiana State University Museum of
Natural Science; and Laboratorio de Genetica e Evolucao Molecular de
Ayes, Universidade de Sao Paulo. For access to anatomical specimens, we
thank J. Cracraft and P. Sweet, Department of Ornithology, American
Museum of Natural History; J. V. Remsen and S. Cardiff, Louisiana State
University Museum of Natural Science; and J. Cuello, Museo Nacional de
Historia Natural (MNHN), Uruguay. We are grateful to G. Bravo, P.
Chakrabarty, A. Cuervo, L. Naka, J. V. Remsen, and three anonymous
reviewers for comments and discussion concerning the manuscript. This
research was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants
DBI-0400797 and DEB-0543562 to R.T.B. Use of trade, product, or firm
names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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U2 3
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 127
IS 2
BP 430
EP 439
DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09022
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 592RT
UT WOS:000277398000021
ER
PT J
AU Thogmartin, WE
AF Thogmartin, Wayne E.
TI Color blindness and visualizing georeferenced data in mapped products:
We can do more
SO AUK
LA English
DT Letter
ID PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; UNITED-STATES; ABUNDANCE; POPULATIONS; CANADA;
BIRDS; MODEL
C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov
RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008
OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279
NR 15
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U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 127
IS 2
BP 460
EP 462
DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09167
PG 3
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 592RT
UT WOS:000277398000024
ER
PT J
AU Bednarski, J
Ginsberg, H
Jakob, EM
AF Bednarski, Julie
Ginsberg, Howard
Jakob, Elizabeth M.
TI Competitive interactions between a native spider (Frontinella communis,
Araneae: Linyphiidae) and an invasive spider (Linyphia triangularis,
Araneae: Linyphiidae)
SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Spiders; Webs; Competition; Linyphia triangularis; Frontinella communis;
Invasive species
ID ORB-WEAVING SPIDER; FORAGING STRATEGIES; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ZEALAND;
WEB; DISPLACEMENT; THERIDIIDAE; BEHAVIOR; ISLAND; COSTS
AB There are numerous reports of spiders that have become established outside of their native ranges, but few studies examine their impact on native spiders. We examined the effect of the European hammock spider Linyphia triangularis (Araneae, Linyphiidae) on the native bowl-and-doily spider Frontinella communis (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. First, we added L. triangularis to established plots of F. communis. Significantly more F. communis abandoned their webs when L. triangularis were added compared to control plots. Second, we tested whether F. communis were deterred from building webs in areas where L. triangularis was established. Significantly fewer F. communis built webs on plots with L. triangularis than on control plots. In both experiments, L. triangularis sometimes took over webs of F. communis or incorporated F. communis webs into their own webs, but F. communis never took over or incorporated L. triangularis webs. Competition between L. triangularis and F. communis for both webs and web sites may contribute to the decline of F. communis.
C1 [Jakob, Elizabeth M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Ginsberg, Howard] Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Coastal Field Stn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
RP Jakob, EM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM ejakob@psych.umass.edu
FU National Park Service; US Geological Survey
FX Adam Porter, Ethan Clotfelter, Jeremy Houser, Skye Long, Sarah Partan,
Ted Stankowich, Mary Ratnaswamy and two anonymous reviewers provided
helpful comments on the manuscript. We are deeply grateful to Daniel
Jennings for his assistance with this project. We thank the Acadia
National Park rangers, especially David Manski, Bruce Connery, Ed
Pontbriand, and Bill Widener for assistance throughout this project and
for permission to work at the Park. Michelle Bierman, Jim McKenna, and
staff of the Schoodic Education and Research Center provided crucial
logistical support. This research was made possible by a grant from the
National Park Service and US Geological Survey awarded to E. M. Jakob,
J. Houser and D. Jennings.
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U1 1
U2 31
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-3547
J9 BIOL INVASIONS
JI Biol. Invasions
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 12
IS 4
BP 905
EP 912
DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9511-7
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 569WZ
UT WOS:000275634800019
ER
PT J
AU Drummond, MA
Loveland, TR
AF Drummond, Mark A.
Loveland, Thomas R.
TI Land-use Pressure and a Transition to Forest-cover Loss in the Eastern
United States
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE forest cover; land-use change; forest transition; eastern United States
ID CARBON BUDGET; DEFORESTATION; GROWTH; BASE
AB Contemporary land-use pressures have a significant impact on the extent and condition of forests in the eastern United States, causing a regional-scale decline in forest cover. Earlier in the 20th century, land cover was on a trajectory of forest expansion that followed agricultural abandonment. However, the potential for forest regeneration has slowed, and the extent of regional forest cover has declined by more than 4.0%. Using remote-sensing data, statistical sampling, and change-detection methods, this research shows how land conversion varies spatially and temporally across the East from 1973-2000, and how those changes affect regional land-change dynamics. The analysis shows that agricultural land use has continued to decline, and that this enables forest recovery; however, an important land-cover transition has occurred, from a mode of regional forest-cover gain to one of forest-cover loss caused by timber cutting cycles, urbanization, and other land-use demands.
C1 [Drummond, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Loveland, Thomas R.] USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
[Loveland, Thomas R.] USGS NASA Landsat Sci Team, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
[Loveland, Thomas R.] S Dakota State Univ, USGS Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
RP Drummond, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM madrummond@usgs.gov; loveland@usgs.gov
FU US Environmental Protection Agency; NASA; US Geological Survey (USGS)
Office of Global Change
FX We are grateful for research funding provided by the US Environmental
Protection Agency, NASA's Land-cover and Land-use Change Program, the US
Geological Survey (USGS) Office of Global Change, and the USGS
Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. We thank William Acevedo,
Roger Auch, Darrell Napton, Ben Sherrouse, Cynthia Wallace, and three
anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.
NR 58
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U2 53
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 4
BP 286
EP 298
DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.4.7
PG 13
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 582FY
UT WOS:000276583100010
ER
PT J
AU Talbot, SS
Schofield, WB
Talbot, SL
Daniels, FJA
AF Talbot, Stephen S.
Schofield, Wilfred B.
Talbot, Sandra L.
Daniels, Fred J. A.
TI Vegetation of eastern Unalaska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska
SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE
LA English
DT Article
DE community classification; heath; meadow; nonmetric multidimensional
scaling; northern boreal; phytogeography
ID SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA; CLASSIFICATION
AB Plant communities of Unalaska Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands of western Alaska, and their relationship to environmental variables, were studied using a combined Braun-Blanquet and multivariate approach. Seventy releves represented the range of structural and compositional variation in the matrix of vegetation and landform zonation. Eleven major community types were distinguished within six physiognomic-ecological groups: I. Dry coastal meadows: Honckenya peploides beach meadow, Leymus mollis dune meadow. II. Mesic meadows: Athyrium filix-femina - Aconitum maximum meadow, Athyrium filix-femina - Calamagrostis nutkaensis meadow, Erigeron peregrinus - Thelypteris quelpaertensis meadow. III. Wet snowbed meadow: Carex nigricans snowbed meadow. IV. Heath: Linnaea borealis - Empetrum nigrum heath, Phyllodoce aleutica heath, Vaccinium uliginosum - Thamnolia vermicularis fellfield. V. Mire: Carex pluriflora Plantago macrocarpa mire. VI. Deciduous shrub thicket: Salix barclayi - Athyrium filix-femina thicket. These were interpreted as a complex gradient primarily influenced by soil moisture, elevation, and pH. Phytogeographical and syntaxonomical analysis of the plant communities indicated that the dry coastal meadows, most of the heaths, and the mire vegetation belonged, respectively, to the widespread classes Honckenyo-Elymetea, Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea, and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea, characterized by their circumpolar and widespread species. Amphi-Beringian species were likely diagnostic of amphi-Beringian syntaxa, many of these yet to be described.
C1 [Talbot, Stephen S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Realty & Nat Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Schofield, Wilfred B.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Daniels, Fred J. A.] Univ Munster, Inst Plant Ecol, D-48143 Munster, Germany.
RP Talbot, SS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Realty & Nat Resources, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM stephen_talbot@fws.gov
RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011
FU Alaska Region U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ounalashka Corporation,
Unalaska, Alaska
FX We thank the Alaska Region U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for funding
and especially Danielle Jerry, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for her
support of the project. We are grateful to John G. Brewer (U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Anchorage) for map production. We thank Roseann
Densmore (Alaska Science Center, U. S. Geological Survey), Gary
Michaelson (Palmer Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks,
Alaska), and Jerry Tande (National Wetlands Inventory, U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service) for reviewing early drafts of the manuscript. Petr
Smilauer (University of South Bohemia) provided useful suggestions on
using NMDS in CanoDraw. We wish to acknowledge two anonymous referees
for improving the final paper. Special thanks to Wendy A.
Svarny-Hawthorne and David Gregory, Ounalashka Corporation, Unalaska,
Alaska, for their support of the project and permission to study on
Corporation land. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
NR 64
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U1 1
U2 8
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 1916-2790
J9 BOTANY
JI Botany
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 88
IS 4
BP 366
EP 388
DI 10.1139/B09-113
PG 23
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 591RA
UT WOS:000277319200012
ER
PT J
AU Julian, BR
Evans, JR
AF Julian, Bruce R.
Evans, John R.
TI On Possible Plume-Guided Seismic Waves
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAVEL-TIMES; MANTLE; TOMOGRAPHY; KERNELS
AB Hypothetical thermal plumes in the Earth's mantle are expected to have low seismic-wave speeds and thus would support the propagation of guided elastic waves analogous to fault-zone guided seismic waves, fiber-optic waves, and acoustic waves in the oceanic SOund Fixing And Ranging channel. Plume-guided waves would be insensitive to geometric complexities in the wave guide, and their dispersion would make them distinctive on seismograms and would provide information about wave-guide structure that would complement seismic tomography. Detecting such waves would constitute strong evidence of a new kind for the existence of plumes.
A cylindrical channel embedded in an infinite medium supports two classes of axially symmetric elastic-wave modes, torsional and longitudinal-radial. Torsional modes have rectilinear particle motion tangent to the cylinder surface. Longitudinal-radial modes have elliptical particle motion in planes that include the cylinder axis, with retrograde motion near the axis. The direction of elliptical particle motion reverses with distance from the axis: once for the fundamental mode, twice for the first overtone, and so on. Each mode exists only above its cut-off frequency, where the phase and group speeds equal the shear-wave speed in the infinite medium. At high frequencies, both speeds approach the shear-wave speed in the channel. All modes have minima in their group speeds, which produce Airy phases on seismograms. For shear wave-speed contrasts of a few percent, thought to be realistic for thermal plumes in the Earth, the largest signals are inversely dispersed and have dominant frequencies of about 0.1-1 Hz and durations of 15-30 sec.
There are at least two possible sources of observable plume waves: (1) the intersection of mantle plumes with high-amplitude core-phase caustics in the deep mantle; and (2) ScS-like reflection at the core-mantle boundary of downward-propagating guided waves. The widespread recent deployment of broadband seismometers makes searching for these waves possible.
C1 [Julian, Bruce R.; Evans, John R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Julian, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 100
IS 2
BP 497
EP 508
DI 10.1785/0120080039
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 569LB
UT WOS:000275597200006
ER
PT J
AU Poland, M
AF Poland, Michael
TI Localized Surface Disruptions Observed by InSAR during Strong
Earthquakes in Java and Hawai'i
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID LAVA FLOWS; VOLCANO
AB Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data spanning strong earthquakes on the islands of Java and Hawai'i in 2006 reveal patches of subsidence and incoherence indicative of localized ground failure. Interferograms spanning the 26 May 2006 Java earthquake suggest an area of about 7.5 km(2) of subsidence (similar to 2 cm) and incoherence south of the city of Yogyakarta that correlates with significant damage to housing, high modeled peak ground accelerations, and poorly consolidated geologic deposits. The subsidence and incoherence is inferred to be a result of intense shaking and/or damage. At least five subsidence patches on the west side of the Island of Hawai'i, ranging 0.3-2.2 km(2) in area and 3-8 cm in magnitude, occurred as a result of a pair of strong earthquakes on 15 October 2006. Although no felt reports or seismic data are available from the areas in Hawai'i, the Java example suggests that the subsidence patches indicate areas of amplified earthquake shaking. Surprisingly, all subsidence areas in Hawai'i were limited to recent, and supposedly stable, lava flows and may reflect geological conditions not detectable at the surface. In addition, two 'a'(a) over bar lava flows in Hawai'i were partially incoherent in interferograms spanning the earthquakes, indicating surface disruption as a result of the earthquake shaking. Coearthquake incoherence of rubbly deposits, like 'a'(a) over bar flows, should be explored as a potential indicator of earthquake intensity and past strong seismic activity.
C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Park, HI 96718 USA.
RP Poland, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Park, HI 96718 USA.
EM mpoland@usgs.gov
OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123
NR 21
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U1 0
U2 3
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 100
IS 2
BP 532
EP 540
DI 10.1785/0120090175
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 569LB
UT WOS:000275597200009
ER
PT J
AU Szeliga, W
Hough, S
Martin, S
Bilham, R
AF Szeliga, Walter
Hough, Susan
Martin, Stacey
Bilham, Roger
TI Intensity, Magnitude, Location, and Attenuation in India for Felt
Earthquakes since 1762
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; GROUND-MOTION; HIMALAYAN EARTHQUAKES; LG
ATTENUATION; PLATE BOUNDARY; 7.6 BHUJ; SEISMICITY; DEFORMATION;
FREQUENCY; DISTANCE
AB A comprehensive, consistently interpreted new catalog of felt intensities for India (Martin and Szeliga, 2010, this issue) includes intensities for 570 earthquakes; instrumental magnitudes and locations are available for 100 of these events. We use the intensity values for 29 of the instrumentally recorded events to develop new intensity versus attenuation relations for the Indian subcontinent and the Himalayan region. We then use these relations to determine the locations and magnitudes of 234 historical events, using the method of Bakun and Wentworth (1997). For the remaining 336 events, intensity distributions are too sparse to determine magnitude or location. We evaluate magnitude and location accuracy of newly located events by comparing the instrumental- with the intensity-derived location for 29 calibration events, for which more than 15 intensity observations are available. With few exceptions, most intensity-derived locations lie within a fault length of the instrumentally determined location. For events in which the azimuthal distribution of intensities is limited, we conclude that the formal error bounds from the regression of Bakun and Wentworth (1997) do not reflect the true uncertainties. We also find that the regression underestimates the uncertainties of the location and magnitude of the 1819 Allah Bund earthquake, for which a location has been inferred from mapped surface deformation. Comparing our inferred attenuation relations to those developed for other regions, we find that attenuation for Himalayan events is comparable to intensity attenuation in California (Bakun and Wentworth, 1997), while intensity attenuation for cratonic events is higher than intensity attenuation reported for central/eastern North America (Bakun et al., 2003). Further, we present evidence that intensities of intraplate earthquakes have a nonlinear dependence on magnitude such that attenuation relations based largely on small-to-moderate earthquakes may significantly overestimate the magnitudes of historical earthquakes.
C1 [Szeliga, Walter; Bilham, Roger] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Szeliga, Walter; Bilham, Roger] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hough, Susan] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Martin, Stacey] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.
RP Szeliga, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Martin, Stacey/J-6819-2013;
OI Martin, Stacey/0000-0003-4429-5835; Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102
FU National Science Foundation-Division of Earth Sciences [00004349]
FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation-Division of
Earth Sciences grant no. 00004349. Doug Yule at California State
University, Northridge, provided information on documented surface
rupture.
NR 55
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PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 100
IS 2
BP 570
EP 584
DI 10.1785/0120080329
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 569LB
UT WOS:000275597200012
ER
PT J
AU Koper, KD
Seats, K
Benz, H
AF Koper, Keith D.
Seats, Kevin
Benz, Harley
TI On the Composition of Earth's Short-Period Seismic Noise Field
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID SECONDARY MICROSEISMS; PARTICLE MOTION; ARRAY; WAVE; OCEAN; LG;
3-COMPONENT; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; PALISADES
AB In the classic microseismic band of 5-20 sec, seismic noise consists mainly of fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love waves; however, at shorter periods seismic noise also contains a significant amount of body-wave energy and higher mode surface waves. In this study we perform a global survey of Earth's short-period seismic noise field with the goal of quantifying the relative contributions of these propagation modes. We examined a year's worth of vertical component data from 18 seismic arrays of the International Monitoring System that were sited in a variety of geologic environments. The apertures of the arrays varied from 2 to 28 km, constraining the periods we analyzed to 0.25-2.5 sec. Using frequency-wavenumber analysis we identified the apparent velocity for each sample of noise and classified its mode of propagation. The dominant component was found to be L-g, occurring in about 50% of the noise windows. Because L-g does not propagate across ocean-continent boundaries, this energy is most likely created in shallow water areas near coastlines. The next most common component was P-wave energy, which accounted for about 28% of the noise windows. These were split between regional P waves (P-n/P-g at 6%), mantle bottoming P waves (14%), and core-sensitive waves (PKP at 8%). This energy is mostly generated in deep water away from coastlines, with a region of the North Pacific centered at 165 degrees Wand 40 degrees N being especially prolific. The remainder of the energy arriving in the noise consisted of R-g waves (28%), a large fraction of which may have a cultural origin. Hence, in contrast to the classic microseismic band of 5-20 sec, at shorter periods fundamental mode Rayleigh waves are the least significant component.
C1 [Koper, Keith D.; Seats, Kevin] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA.
[Benz, Harley] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Koper, KD (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 3642 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA.
EM koper@eas.slu.edu
FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA871806C0003]
FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Air Force Research
Laboratory under contract FA871806C0003. During the writing of this
article KDK was on sabbatical and hosted by the NEIC of the United
States Geological Survey (USGS). Figure 2 was inspired by a similar
figure produced by Neil Selby. We thank the following colleagues for
critical comments on an earlier version of this article: Anton Dainty,
Peter Gerstoft, Dan McNamara, Bill Stephenson, Jian Zhang, and an
anonymous referee.
NR 61
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U1 0
U2 8
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 100
IS 2
BP 606
EP 617
DI 10.1785/0120090120
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 569LB
UT WOS:000275597200015
ER
PT J
AU Mueller, CS
AF Mueller, Charles S.
TI The Influence of Maximum Magnitude on Seismic-Hazard Estimates in the
Central and Eastern United States
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
AB I analyze the sensitivity of seismic-hazard estimates in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) to maximum magnitude (m(max)) by exercising the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) probabilistic hazard model with several m(max) alternatives. Seismicity-based sources control the hazard in most of the CEUS, but data seldom provide an objective basis for estimating m(max). The USGS uses preferred m(max) values of moment magnitude 7.0 and 7.5 for the CEUS craton and extended margin, respectively, derived from data in stable continental regions worldwide. Other approaches, for example analysis of local seismicity or judgment about a source's seismogenic potential, often lead to much smaller m(max).
Alternative models span the m(max) ranges from the 1980s Electric Power Research Institute/Seismicity Owners Group (EPRI/SOG) analysis. Results are presented as hazard ratios relative to the USGS national seismic hazard maps. One alternative model specifies m(max) equal to moment magnitude 5.0 and 5.5 for the craton and margin, respectively, similar to EPRI/SOG for some sources. For 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years (about 0.0004 annual probability), the strong m(max) truncation produces hazard ratios equal to 0.35-0.60 for 0.2-sec spectral acceleration, and 0.15-0.35 for 1.0-sec spectral acceleration. Hazard-controlling earthquakes interact with m(max) in complex ways. There is a relatively weak dependence on probability level: hazard ratios increase 0-15% for 0.002 annual exceedance probability and decrease 5-25% for 0.00001 annual exceedance probability. Although differences at some sites are tempered when faults are added, m(max) clearly accounts for some of the discrepancies that are seen in comparisons between USGS-based and EPRI/SOG-based hazard results.
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Mueller, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 966,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cmueller@usgs.gov
FU U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
FX I gratefully acknowledge advice and encouragement from Rus Wheeler and
Art Frankel and reviews from Rus Wheeler, Art Frankel, Steve Harmsen,
Dave Perkins, Oliver Boyd, John Adams, Chris Cramer, and Martin Chapman.
This work was supported by the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The
PSHA models and computer codes used here were developed by the members
of the USGS National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project; Art Frankel and
Steve Harmsen deserve special mention.
NR 21
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U1 1
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PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 100
IS 2
BP 699
EP 711
DI 10.1785/0120090114
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 569LB
UT WOS:000275597200022
ER
PT J
AU Parsons, T
Geist, EL
AF Parsons, Tom
Geist, Eric L.
TI Reply to "Comment on 'Is There a Basis for Preferring Characteristic
Earthquakes over a Gutenberg-Richter Distribution in Probabilistic
Earthquake Forecasting?' by Tom Parsons and Eric L. Geist" by Jens-Uwe
Klugel
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Parsons, Tom; Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008;
OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338
NR 8
TC 0
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U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 100
IS 2
BP 898
EP 899
DI 10.1785/0120090327
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 569LB
UT WOS:000275597200041
ER
PT J
AU Sharma, B
Patino, R
AF Sharma, Bibek
Patino, Reynaldo
TI Effects of cadmium, estradiol-17 beta and their interaction on gonadal
condition and metamorphosis of male and female African clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE Cadmium; Estradiol-17 beta; Amphibian; Metamorphosis; Sex ratio
ID ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT CONCENTRATIONS; SEX-DIFFERENTIATION;
ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; LARVAL DENSITY; COHO SALMON;
IN-VITRO; GROWTH; ESTROGEN; EXPOSURE
AB To assess interaction effects between cadmium (Cd, a putative xenoestrogen) and estradiol-17 beta (E(2)) on sex differentiation and metamorphosis. Xenopus laevis were exposed to solvent-control (0.005% ethanol), Cd (10 mu g L(-1)), E(2) (1 mu g L(-1)), or Cd and E(2) (Cd + E(2)) in FETAX medium from fertilization to 75 d post-fertilization. Each treatment was applied to four aquaria, each with 30 fertilized eggs. Mortality was recorded and animals were sampled as they completed metamorphosis (Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 66). Gonadal sex of individuals (including tadpoles >= NF stage 55 at day 75) was determined gross-morphologically and used to compute sex ratios. Time course and percent completion of metamorphosis, snout-vent length (SVL), hindlimb length (HLL) and weight were analyzed for each gender separately. Survival rates did not differ among treatments. The E(2) and Cd + E(2) treatments significantly skewed sex ratios towards females; however, no sex-ratio differences were observed between the control and Cd treatments or between the E(2) and Cd + E(2) treatments. Time course of metamorphosis was generally delayed and percent completion of metamorphosis was generally reduced in males and females exposed to Cd, E(2) or their combination compared to control animals. In males, but not females, the effect of Cd + E(2) was greater than that of individual chemicals. Weight at completion of metamorphosis was reduced only in females and only by the Cd + E(2) treatment. In conclusion, although Cd at an environmentally relevant concentration did not exhibit direct or indirect feminizing effects in Xenopus tadpoles, the metal and E(2) both had similar inhibitory effects on metamorphosis that were of greater magnitude in males than females. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Sharma, Bibek] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu
FU Texas Tech University, Texas Parks; Wildlife Department, US Geological
Survey; Wildlife Management Institute; US Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We acknowledge Dr. George Cobb, Dr. Mike Hooper, and Leticia Torres for
their assistance during Cd and E2 analysis. We are also
thankful to Dylan Kuhne and Prakash Sharma for their help with animal
husbandry. Dr. James. A. Carr and Dr. David Rogowski provided comments
on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The Texas Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by Texas Tech University,
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, US Geological Survey, the Wildlife
Management Institute, and US Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 39
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U1 3
U2 24
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 79
IS 5
BP 499
EP 505
DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.044
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 584WN
UT WOS:000276784500002
PM 20299069
ER
PT J
AU Scott, JM
Goble, DD
Haines, AM
Wiens, JA
Neel, MC
AF Scott, J. Michael
Goble, Dale D.
Haines, Aaron M.
Wiens, John A.
Neel, Maile C.
TI Conservation-reliant species and the future of conservation
SO CONSERVATION LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Conservation-reliant species; endangered species; Endangered Species
Act; extinction; management strategies; priority-setting; recovery plans
ID ACT; EXTINCTIONS; LANDSCAPES; RECOVERY
AB Species threatened with extinction are the focus of mounting conservation concerns throughout the world. Thirty-seven years after passage of the U. S. Endangered Species Act in 1973, we conclude that the Act's underlying assumption-that once the recovery goals for a species are met it will no longer require continuing management-is false. Even when management actions succeed in achieving biological recovery goals, maintenance of viable populations of many species will require continuing, species-specific intervention. Such species are "conservation reliant." To assess the scope of this problem, we reviewed all recovery plans for species listed as endangered or threatened under the Act. Our analysis indicates that 84% of the species listed under the Act are conservation reliant. These species will require continuing, long-term management investments. If these listed species are representative of the larger number of species thought to be imperiled in the United States and elsewhere, the challenge facing conservation managers will be logistically, economically, and politically overwhelming. Conservation policies will need to be adapted to include ways of prioritizing actions, implementing innovative management approaches, and involving a broader spectrum of society.
C1 [Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Goble, Dale D.] Univ Idaho, Coll Law, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Haines, Aaron M.] Upper Iowa Univ, Dept Sci & Math, Fayette, IA 52142 USA.
[Wiens, John A.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM mscott@uidaho.edu
FU Center for Research on Invasive Species and Small Populations at the
University of Idaho
FX We benefited greatly from conversations with M. Bean, T. Male, D.
Crouse, J. Fay, D. Wilcove, and colleagues at our home institutions in
our efforts to understand the dimensions and implications of
conservation reliance for the conservation of imperiled species. J.
Woinarski provided a deep and thoughtful review of the manuscript and
alerted us to the woylie example. Daniel Lunney and two anonymous
reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript.
Funding was provided by the Center for Research on Invasive Species and
Small Populations at the University of Idaho.
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U1 7
U2 71
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1755-263X
J9 CONSERV LETT
JI Conserv. Lett.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 2
BP 91
EP 97
DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00096.x
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 616QN
UT WOS:000279224000004
ER
PT J
AU Christopher, RA
Prowell, DC
AF Christopher, Raymond A.
Prowell, David C.
TI A palynological biozonation for the uppermost Santonian and Campanian
Stages (Upper Cretaceous) of South Carolina, USA
SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Santonian; Campanian; Palynology; Biostratigraphy; Taxonomy; South
Carolina; Coastal Plain
ID BOUNDARY; FRANCE
AB Five palynological biozones are proposed for the uppermost Santonian and Campanian Stages of South Carolina. In ascending stratigraphic order, these highest-occurrence interval zones are the Osculapollis vestibulus (Ov) Biozone, the Holkopollenites propinquus (Hp) Biozone, the Holkopollenites forix (Hf) Biozone, the Complexiopollis abditus (Ca) Biozone, and the Osculapollis aequalis (Oa) Biozone. These biozones are based on an analysis of more than 400 subsurface and outcrop samples throughout the Coastal Plain Province of South Carolina, and the adjacent states of Georgia and North Carolina. Integration of the biostratigraphy with lithostratigraphy and geophysical log data suggests that the lower and upper boundaries of each biozone are bounded by regional unconformities. Five new species are described, and an emendation is presented for one additional species. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Christopher, Raymond A.] Clemson Univ, Salem, SC 29676 USA.
[Prowell, David C.] US Geol Survey, Fairburn, GA 30213 USA.
EM rchristopher72@gmail.com
NR 102
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0195-6671
J9 CRETACEOUS RES
JI Cretac. Res.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 2
BP 101
EP 129
DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.004
PG 29
WC Geology; Paleontology
SC Geology; Paleontology
GA 569IA
UT WOS:000275588600001
ER
PT J
AU Rode, KD
Amstrup, SC
Regehr, EV
AF Rode, Karyn D.
Amstrup, Steven C.
Regehr, Eric V.
TI Reduced body size and cub recruitment in polar bears associated with sea
ice decline
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE body size; climate; condition; habitat; morphometrics; polar bears; sea
ice; southern Beaufort Sea, Alaska, USA; Ursus maritimus
ID SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; AMERICAN BLACK BEARS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY;
URSUS-MARITIMUS; BROWN BEARS; POPULATION ECOLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; FOOD
AB Rates of reproduction and survival are dependent upon adequate body size and condition of individuals. Declines in size and condition have provided early indicators of population decline in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) near the southern extreme of their range. We tested whether patterns in body size, condition, and cub recruitment of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea of Alaska were related to the availability of preferred sea ice habitats and whether these measures and habitat availability exhibited trends over time, between 1982 and 2006. The mean skull size and body length of all polar bears over three years of age declined over time, corresponding with long-term declines in the spatial and temporal availability of sea ice habitat. Body size of young., growing bears declined over time and was smaller after years when sea ice availability was reduced. Reduced litter mass and numbers of yearlings per female following years with lower availability of optimal sea ice habitat, suggest reduced reproductive output and juvenile survival. These results, based on analysis of a long-term data set, suggest that declining sea ice is associated with nutritional limitations that reduced body size and reproduction in this population.
C1 [Rode, Karyn D.; Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Amstrup, Steven C.; Regehr, Eric V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Rode, KD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM karyn_rode@fws.gov
RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012;
OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
FX Principal funding for data collection in this study, was provided by the
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Data analysis was funded both by USGS and
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Tony Fischbach, Geoffrey
York, and Kristin Simac with USGS assisted with extraction and
organization of data used in these analyses. George Durner (USGS) and
Dave Douglas (USGS) provided data on ice conditions in the Beaufort Sea,
Jeff Bromaghin (USFWS), Karen Oakley (USGS). Tony DeGange (USGS), Leslie
Holland-Bartels (USGS), and Charlie Robbins at Washington State
University kindly provided comments and suggestions to an early draft.
We thank Dave Garshelis and an anonymous reviewer for providing
constructive comments and suggestions that allowed us to make important
improvements to this manuscript.
NR 87
TC 92
Z9 94
U1 19
U2 187
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 3
BP 768
EP 782
DI 10.1890/08-1036.1
PG 15
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 588NG
UT WOS:000277077400013
PM 20437962
ER
PT J
AU Butterfield, BJ
Betancourt, JL
Turner, RM
Briggs, JM
AF Butterfield, Bradley J.
Betancourt, Julio L.
Turner, Raymond M.
Briggs, John M.
TI Facilitation drives 65 years of vegetation change in the Sonoran Desert
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE arid; density dependence; productivity; SEM; stability; stress gradient;
structural equation modeling; Tumamoc Hill
ID MICROPHYLLUM FOOTHILL PALOVERDE; CERCIDIUM-MICROPHYLLUM;
PLANT-COMMUNITIES; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; NATURAL
COMMUNITIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; ARID
ENVIRONMENTS; PERENNIAL PLANTS
AB Ecological processes of low-productivity ecosystems have long been considered to be driven by abiotic controls with biotic interactions playing an insignificant role. However, existing studies present conflicting evidence concerning the roles of these factors, in part due to the short temporal extent of most data sets and inability to test indirect effects of environmental variables modulated by biotic interactions. Using structural equation modeling to analyze 65 years of perennial vegetation change in the Sonoran Desert, we found that precipitation had a stronger positive effect on recruitment beneath existing canopies than in open microsites due to reduced evaporation rates. Variation in perennial canopy cover had additional facilitative effects on juvenile recruitment, which was indirectly driven by effects of density and precipitation on cover. Mortality was strongly influenced by competition as indicated by negative density-dependence, whereas precipitation had no effect. The combined direct, indirect, and interactive facilitative effects of precipitation and cover on recruitment were substantial, as was the effect of competition on mortality, providing strong evidence for dual control of community dynamics by climate and biotic interactions. Through an empirically derived simulation model, we also found that the positive feedback of density on cover produces unique temporal abundance patterns, buffering changes in abundance from high frequency variation in precipitation, amplifying effects of low frequency variation, and decoupling community abundance from precipitation patterns at high abundance. Such dynamics should be generally applicable to low-productivity systems in which facilitation is important and can only be understood within the context of long-term variation in climatic patterns. This predictive model can be applied to better manage low-productivity ecosystems, in which variation in biogeochemical processes and trophic dynamics may be driven by positive density-dependent feedbacks that influence temporal abundance and productivity patterns.
C1 [Butterfield, Bradley J.; Briggs, John M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Betancourt, Julio L.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Turner, Raymond M.] Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA.
RP Butterfield, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM bjbutterfield@gmail.com
FU Jerome Aronson Plant Biology Fellowship at Arizona State University;
Ecological Society of America
FX We thank the many University of Arizona Desert Laboratory scientists who
have collected data for this study, as well as the Carnegie Institution
of Washington, U.S. Geological Survey, and University of Arizona for
supporting the data collection. A. P. Kinzig, A. Joern, and two
anonymous reviewers provided comments on an earlier version of the
manuscript that greatly improved its quality. The Jerome Aronson Plant
Biology Fellowship at Arizona State University and the Ecological
Society of America Forrest Shreve Desert Ecology Award provided funding
for B. J. Butterfield.
NR 52
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 10
U2 52
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 4
BP 1132
EP 1139
DI 10.1890/09-0145.1
PG 8
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 594GV
UT WOS:000277525300020
PM 20462127
ER
PT J
AU Chen, PC
Huang, WL
Stern, LA
AF Chen, Po-Chun
Huang, Wuu-Liang
Stern, Laura A.
TI Methane Hydrate Synthesis from Ice: Influence of Pressurization and
Ethanol on Optimizing Formation Rates and Hydrate Yield
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Petroleum Phase Behavior and Fouling
CY JUN, 2009
CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL
ID GAS HYDRATE; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; MELTING ICE; DISSOCIATION; PRESSURE;
HEAT; DIFFRACTION; EQUILIBRIA; RESOURCE; SYSTEMS
AB Polycrystalline methane gas hydrate (MGH) was synthesized using an ice-seeding method to investigate the influence of pressurization and ethanol on the hydrate formation rate and gas yield of the resulting samples. When the reactor is pressurized with CH(4) gas without external heating, methane hydrate can be formed from ice grains with yields up to 25% under otherwise static conditions. The rapid temperature rise caused by pressurization partially melts the granular ice, which reacts with methane to form hydrate rinds around the ice grains. The heat generated by the exothermic reaction of methane hydrate formation buffers the sample temperature near the melting point of ice for enough time to allow for continuous hydrate growth at high rates. Surprisingly, faster rates and higher yields of methane hydrate were found in runs with lower initial temperatures, slower rates of pressurization, higher porosity of the granular ice samples, or mixtures with sediments. The addition of ethanol also dramatically enhanced the formation of polycrystalline MGH. This study demonstrates that polycrystalline MGH with varied physical properties suitable for different laboratory tests can be manufactured by controlling synthesis procedures or parameters. Subsequent dissociation experiments using a gas collection apparatus and flowmeter confirmed high methane saturation (CH(4)center dot nH(2)O, with n = 5.82 +/- 0.03) in the MGH. Dissociation rates of the various samples synthesized at diverse conditions may be fitted to different rate laws, including zero and first order.
C1 [Chen, Po-Chun] Cent Geol Survey, Taipei 235, Taiwan.
[Chen, Po-Chun; Huang, Wuu-Liang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Geosci, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
[Stern, Laura A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Chen, PC (reprint author), Cent Geol Survey, POB 968,2,Lane 109,Hua Hsin St, Taipei 235, Taiwan.
EM burt@moeacgs.gov.tw
NR 50
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 24
BP 2390
EP 2403
DI 10.1021/ef901403r
PG 14
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 581YZ
UT WOS:000276563300027
ER
PT J
AU Feldhaus, JW
Heppell, SA
Li, H
Mesa, MG
AF Feldhaus, Joseph W.
Heppell, Scott A.
Li, Hiram
Mesa, Matthew G.
TI A physiological approach to quantifying thermal habitat quality for
Redband Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in the south Fork
John Day River, Oregon
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Lipids; Temperature; Heat shock proteins; hsp70
ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HEPATIC HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN-70;
SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; TEMPERATURE STRESS;
SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; MYTILUS-TROSSULUS; CALIFORNIA STREAM; MESSENGER-RNA;
JUVENILE
AB We examined tissue-specific levels of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and whole body lipid levels in juvenile redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) from the South Fork of the John Day River (SFJD), Oregon, with the goal of determining if these measures could be used as physiological indicators of thermal habitat quality for juvenile redband trout. Our objectives were to determine the hsp70 induction temperature in liver, fin, and white muscle tissue and characterize the relation between whole body lipids and hsp70 for fish in the SFJD. We found significant increases in hsp70 levels between 19 and 22A degrees C in fin, liver, and white muscle tissue. Maximum hsp70 levels in liver, fin, and white muscle tissue occurred when mean weekly maximum temperatures (MWMT) exceeded 20-22A degrees C. In general, the estimated hsp70 induction temperature for fin and white muscle tissue was higher than liver tissue. Whole body lipid levels began to decrease when MWMT exceeded 20.4A degrees C. There was a significant interaction between temperature and hsp70 in fin and white muscle tissue, but not liver tissue. Collectively, these results suggest that increased hsp70 levels in juvenile redband trout are symptomatic of thermal stress, and that energy storage capacity decreases with this stress. The possible decrease in growth potential and fitness for thermally stressed individuals emphasizes the physiological justification for thermal management criteria in salmon-bearing streams.
C1 [Feldhaus, Joseph W.; Li, Hiram] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Feldhaus, Joseph W.; Heppell, Scott A.; Li, Hiram] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Mesa, Matthew G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
RP Feldhaus, JW (reprint author), Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 203 Badgley Hall, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
EM feldhauj@hotmail.com
FU US Department of the Interior and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)
FX Funding for this research was obtained through grants from the US
Department of the Interior and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA). We thank Chris Jordan (NOAA fisheries) and
Michael Newsom (US Bureau of Reclamation) for their efforts to help
secure funding. We thank C. Anthony, R. Chitwood, J.L. Feldhaus, F.
Madrinan, L. Madsen, T. Momoda, M. Packard, I. Tattam, J. Osborne-Gowey,
and many others for laboratory assistance, and scientific discussion. We
thank G. Feist, K. Rodnick, and three anonymous reviewers for reviewing
early manuscript drafts. This study followed the Institutional Animal
Care and Use Committee guidelines at Oregon State University under
permit # 3080. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this
publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the US Government.
NR 44
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 87
IS 4
BP 277
EP 290
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9580-6
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 567CW
UT WOS:000275420900002
ER
PT J
AU Thompson, AR
Baskin, JN
Swift, CC
Haglund, TR
Nagel, RJ
AF Thompson, Andrew Richard
Baskin, Jonathan N.
Swift, Camm C.
Haglund, Thomas R.
Nagel, Randall J.
TI Influence of habitat dynamics on the distribution and abundance of the
federally threatened Santa Ana Sucker, Catostomus santaanae, in the
Santa Ana River
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Southern California; Freshwater fish; Endangered fish conservation;
Native fish; Stream dynamics
ID FISH ASSEMBLAGE; STREAM FISHES; RIPARIAN ZONE; LIFE-HISTORY; SEDIMENT;
CALIFORNIA; SILTATION; ECOLOGY; DACE
AB Habitat degradation affects native stream fish populations worldwide. We examined the impact of fluctuation in environmental variables on the population dynamics of the federally threatened Santa Ana sucker, Catostomus santaanae, in the Santa Ana River, California through: 1) annual quantitative surveys of C. santaanae abundance and habitat at three 100-m sites between 2001 and 2008 and 2) annual surveys of habitat composition within a 30-km stretch of the Santa Ana River between 2006 and 2008. We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate competing models that used environmental variables to explain variation in C. santaanae abundance among sites and years. The most plausible model identified a positive relationship between C. santaanae abundance and both the amount of coarse substrate (i.e., gravel and cobble) and rate of discharge among site-years. Surveys at the 30-km scale indicated that the prevalence of coarse substrate declined in a downstream direction in each year and that the total amount of this habitat type varied annually. Specifically, cobble/gravel habitat was mostly confined to the upstream 4 km, 9.6 km, and 5.1 km of the survey area in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. Fine sediment comprised the bulk of downstream habitat every year. This large-scale flux in the distribution of coarse sediment likely has a large effect on the population dynamics of C. santaanae in the Santa Ana River. Our results underscore the need to maintain and enhance suitable C. santaanae habitat to ensure its long-term persistence in the Santa Ana River.
C1 [Thompson, Andrew Richard; Nagel, Randall J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA.
[Baskin, Jonathan N.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Biol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA.
[Swift, Camm C.] Entrix Inc, Ventura, CA 93003 USA.
[Baskin, Jonathan N.; Haglund, Thomas R.] San Marino Environm Associates, San Marino, CA 91108 USA.
RP Thompson, AR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM andrew.thompson@noaa.gov
NR 30
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 6
U2 21
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 87
IS 4
BP 321
EP 332
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9604-2
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 567CW
UT WOS:000275420900010
ER
PT J
AU Caputo, MC
De Carlo, L
Masciopinto, C
Nimmo, JR
AF Caputo, Maria Clementina
De Carlo, Lorenzo
Masciopinto, Costantino
Nimmo, John Robert
TI Measurement of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity on fractured rock
outcrops near Altamura (Southern Italy) with an adjustable large ring
infiltrometer
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Large ring infiltrometer; Fractured limestone; Field-saturated hydraulic
conductivity
ID CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; VADOSE ZONE; FLOW; PERMEABILITY; APERTURE
AB Up to now, field studies set up to measure field-saturated hydraulic conductivity to evaluate contamination risks, have employed small cylinders that may not be representative of the scale of measurements in heterogeneous media. In this study, a large adjustable ring infiltrometer was designed to be installed on-site directly on rock to measure its field-saturated hydraulic conductivity. The proposed device is inexpensive and simple to implement, yet also very versatile, due to its large adjustable diameter that can be fixed on-site. It thus allows an improved representation of the natural system's heterogeneity, while also taking into consideration irregularities in the soil/rock surface. The new apparatus was tested on an outcrop of karstic fractured limestone overlying the deep Murge aquifer in the South of Italy, which has recently been affected by untreated sludge disposal, derived from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. The quasi-steady vertical flow into the unsaturated fractures was investigated by measuring water levels during infiltrometer tests. Simultaneously, subsurface electrical resistivity measurements were used to visualize the infiltration of water in the subsoil, due to unsaturated water flow in the fractures. The proposed experimental apparatus works well on rock outcrops, and allows the repetition of infiltration tests at many locations in order to reduce model uncertainties in heterogeneous media.
C1 [Caputo, Maria Clementina; De Carlo, Lorenzo; Masciopinto, Costantino] CNR, Water Res Inst, IRSA, I-70123 Bari, Italy.
[Nimmo, John Robert] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Caputo, MC (reprint author), CNR, Water Res Inst, IRSA, Via F De Blasio 5, I-70123 Bari, Italy.
EM maria.caputo@ba.irsa.cnr.it
FU Italian Government
FX This research was supported by the Italian Government (Regional
Authority) under the 2007 Toxicological Data-Base studies.
NR 21
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI
JI Environ. Earth Sci.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 3
BP 583
EP 590
DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0198-y
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 582YJ
UT WOS:000276637100012
ER
PT J
AU Davenport, MA
Bridges, CA
Mangun, JC
Carver, AD
Williard, KWJ
Jones, EO
AF Davenport, Mae A.
Bridges, Christopher A.
Mangun, Jean C.
Carver, Andrew D.
Williard, Karl W. J.
Jones, Elizabeth O.
TI Building Local Community Commitment to Wetlands Restoration: A Case
Study of the Cache River Wetlands in Southern Illinois, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecosystem restoration; Community-based conservation; Wetlands;
Qualitative research
ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; PUBLIC-ATTITUDES;
MANAGEMENT; MICHIGAN; PERCEPTIONS; MITIGATION; CONFLICT; PRAIRIE
AB Natural resource professionals are increasingly faced with the challenges of cultivating community-based support for wetland ecosystem restoration. While extensive research efforts have been directed toward understanding the biophysical dimensions of wetland conservation, the literature provides less guidance on how to successfully integrate community stakeholders into restoration planning. Therefore, this study explores the social construction of wetlands locally, and community members' perceptions of the wetland restoration project in the Cache River Watershed of southern Illinois, where public and private agencies have partnered together to implement a large-scale wetlands restoration project. Findings illustrate that the wetlands hold diverse and significant meanings to community members and that community members' criteria for project success may vary from those identified by project managers. The case study provides managers with strategies for building community commitment such as engaging local citizens in project planning, minimizing local burdens, maximizing local benefits, and reducing uncertainty.
C1 [Davenport, Mae A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Bridges, Christopher A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN USA.
[Mangun, Jean C.] Siena Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Loudonville, NY USA.
[Carver, Andrew D.; Williard, Karl W. J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
[Jones, Elizabeth O.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ullin, IL USA.
RP Davenport, MA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 115 Green Hall,1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM mdaven@umn.edu
FU Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service;
The Nature Conservancy; Cache River Joint Venture Partnership;
McIntire-Stennis Forestry Cooperative Research Program
FX Funding for this study was provided by the Cypress Creek National
Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; The Nature Conservancy;
the Cache River Joint Venture Partnership; and the McIntire-Stennis
Forestry Cooperative Research Program. The authors would like to
acknowledge the Cache River community members who shared their
perspectives with us. Finally, we would like to thank three anonymous
reviewers for their insight and suggestions. Their contributions helped
strengthen this manuscript.
NR 40
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 21
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 4
BP 711
EP 722
DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9446-x
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 583EE
UT WOS:000276655100006
PM 20127327
ER
PT J
AU Futch, JC
Griffin, DW
Lipp, EK
AF Futch, J. Carrie
Griffin, Dale W.
Lipp, Erin K.
TI Human enteric viruses in groundwater indicate offshore transport of
human sewage to coral reefs of the Upper Florida Keys
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SURFACE WATERS; COASTAL WATERS; ADENOVIRUS
DETECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DISPOSAL SYSTEMS; FECAL POLLUTION; MARINE
WATERS; WASTE-WATER; SURVIVAL
AB To address the issue of human sewage reaching corals along the main reef of the Florida Keys, samples were collected from surface water, ground-water and coral [surface mucopolysaccharide layers (SML)] along a 10 km transect near Key Largo, FL. Samples were collected semi-annually between July 2003 and September 2005 and processed for faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliform bacteria, enterococci and Clostridium perfringens) and human-specific enteric viruses (enterovirus RNA and adenovirus DNA) by (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction. Faecal indicator bacteria concentrations were generally higher nearshore and in the coral SML. Enteric viruses were evenly distributed across the transect stations. Adenoviruses were detected in 37 of 75 samples collected (49.3%) whereas enteroviruses were only found in 8 of 75 samples (10.7%). Both viruses were detected twice as frequently in coral compared with surface water or groundwater. Offshore, viruses were most likely to be found in groundwater, especially during the wet summer season. These data suggest that polluted groundwater may be moving to the outer reef environment in the Florida Keys.
C1 [Futch, J. Carrie; Lipp, Erin K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr Coastal & Watershed St, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Lipp, EK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM elipp@uga.edu
FU US Environmental Protection Agency [X7-97480103-0]; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration's National Undersea Research centre at the
University of North Carolina at Wilmington [03OAR4300088]; National
Marine Sanctuary Permit [FKNMS-2003-039]
FX This work was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency, Special
Studies Grant X7-97480103-0. Partial support was provided by a grant
from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National
Undersea Research centre at the University of North Carolina at
Wilmington pursuant to NOAA award number 03OAR4300088. All coral SML
samples were collected under National Marine Sanctuary Permit
FKNMS-2003-039.
NR 57
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1462-2912
J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL
JI Environ. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 12
IS 4
BP 964
EP 974
DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02141.x
PG 11
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 587XO
UT WOS:000277029900011
PM 20105219
ER
PT J
AU Saiki, MK
Martin, BA
May, TW
Alpers, CN
AF Saiki, Michael K.
Martin, Barbara A.
May, Thomas W.
Alpers, Charles N.
TI Mercury concentrations in fish from a Sierra Nevada foothill reservoir
located downstream from historic gold-mining operations
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Spotted bass; Bluegill; Threadfin shad; Mercury; Camp Far West
Reservoir; Bear River; California
ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; METHYLMERCURY; LAKE; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH; TISSUE;
TROUT; SHAD
AB This study examined mercury concentrations in whole fish from Camp Far West Reservoir, an 830-ha reservoir in northern California, USA, located downstream from lands mined for gold during and following the Gold Rush of 1848-1864. Total mercury (reported as dry weight concentrations) was highest in spotted bass (mean, 0.93 mu g/g; range, 0.16-4.41 mu g/g) and lower in bluegill (mean, 0.45 mu g/g; range, 0.22-1.96 mu g/g) and threadfin shad (0.44 mu g/g; range, 0.21-1.34 mu g/g). Spatial patterns for mercury in fish indicated high concentrations upstream in the Bear River arm and generally lower concentrations elsewhere, including downstream near the dam. These findings coincided with patterns exhibited by methylmercury in water and sediment, and suggested that mercury-laden inflows from the Bear River were largely responsible for contaminating the reservoir ecosystem. Maximum concentrations of mercury in all three fish species, but especially bass, were high enough to warrant concern about toxic effects in fish and consumers of fish.
C1 [Saiki, Michael K.; Martin, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
[May, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Saiki, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
EM michael_saiki@usgs.gov
OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365
FU California State Water Resources Control Board [00-218-250-0]; U.S.
Geological Survey, California Water Science Center
FX We thank M. A. Farhina, P. C. Gerrity, M. E. Langsner, F. H. Mejia, and
A. A. Story for assisting with fish collections, processing samples, or
assisting with data entry and other technical support, M.J. Walther and
W. G. Brumbaugh for assisting with mercury determinations and J.W. Arms
for assisting with moisture determinations in fish samples, and J.L. Yee
for providing statistical advice. We especially thank the California
State Water Resources Control Board for funding this work through
Customer Agreement No. 00-218-250-0 with the U.S. Geological Survey,
California Water Science Center. Any use of trade names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S.
Government.
NR 37
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U1 2
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 163
IS 1-4
BP 313
EP 326
DI 10.1007/s10661-009-0836-6
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 567FH
UT WOS:000275428200026
PM 19283498
ER
PT J
AU Hothem, RL
Jennings, MR
Crayon, JJ
AF Hothem, Roger L.
Jennings, Mark R.
Crayon, John J.
TI Mercury contamination in three species of anuran amphibians from the
Cache Creek Watershed, California, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Amphibians; Bioaccumulation; American bullfrog; Cache Creek; California;
Foothill yellow-legged frog; Lithobates catesbeianus; Mercury; Northern
Pacific treefrog; Pseudacris regilla; Rana boylii
ID UV-B; FROG; METHYLMERCURY; DECLINES; TADPOLES; HYPOTHESES; PESTICIDES;
PATTERNS; CHLORIDE; HABITAT
AB Fish and wildlife may bioaccumulate mercury (Hg) to levels that adversely affect reproduction, growth, and survival. Sources of Hg within the Cache Creek Watershed in northern California have been identified, and concentrations of Hg in invertebrates and fish have been documented. However, bioaccumulation of Hg by amphibians has not been evaluated. In this study, adult and juvenile American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) and foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii), adult Northern Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla), and larval bullfrogs were collected and analyzed for total Hg. One or more species of amphibians from 40% of the 35 sites had mean Hg concentrations greater than the US Environmental Protection Agency's tissue residue criterion for fish (0.3 mu g/g). Of the bullfrog tissues analyzed, the liver had the highest concentrations of both total Hg and methyl mercury. Total Hg in carcasses of bullfrogs was highly correlated with total Hg in leg muscle, the tissue most often consumed by humans.
C1 [Hothem, Roger L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
[Jennings, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Piedras Blancas Field Stn, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA.
[Jennings, Mark R.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Herpetol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA.
[Crayon, John J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Hothem, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
EM roger_hothem@usgs.gov; RanaResources@aol.com; jcrayon@dfg.ca.gov
FU US Fish and Wildlife Services' Environmental Contaminants Investigations
Program [1130 1F22]; California Department of Fish and Game
FX R. Taylor of TERL conducted or oversaw the chemical analyses. J.
O'Keefe, M. Moore, and N. Scott assisted with field collections. US Fish
and Wildlife personnel who assisted with the study included S.
Schwarzbach, J. Henderson, T. Mauer, D. Welsh, C. Thomas, L. Thompson,
T. Adelsbach, and W. Heckathorn. Access to study sites was granted by
managers of Wilbur Hot Springs Resort, the Payne Ranch, Bear Valley
Ranch, Heidrich Farms, Homestake Mining Company, Conaway Ranch, Syar
Industries, Inc., and numerous private land owners. K. Wegner conducted
food habits analyses, A. Meckstroth and B. Brussee assisted with
manuscript preparation, S. Burnett prepared the map, and M. Bauer
reviewed a draft version of the manuscript. This field investigation was
funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Services' Environmental Contaminants
Investigations Program (Project 1130 1F22). Permission to collect
specimens for study was kindly granted by the California Department of
Fish and Game.
NR 38
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 163
IS 1-4
BP 433
EP 448
DI 10.1007/s10661-009-0847-3
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 567FH
UT WOS:000275428200036
PM 19353298
ER
PT J
AU Poulton, BC
Allert, AL
Besser, JM
Schmitt, CJ
Brumbaugh, WG
Fairchild, JF
AF Poulton, Barry C.
Allert, Ann L.
Besser, John M.
Schmitt, Christopher J.
Brumbaugh, William G.
Fairchild, James F.
TI A macroinvertebrate assessment of Ozark streams located in lead-zinc
mining areas of the Viburnum Trend in southeastern Missouri, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioassessment; Macroinvertebrates; Streams; Mining; Ozark region
ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; HEAVY-METALS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BENTHIC
INVERTEBRATES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MINE DRAINAGE;
MONTANA; FISH; WATER
AB The Viburnum Trend lead-zinc mining subdistrict is located in the southeast Missouri portion of the Ozark Plateau. In 2003 and 2004, we assessed the ecological effects of mining in several watersheds in the region. We included macroinvertebrate surveys, habitat assessments, and analysis of metals in sediment, pore water, and aquatic biota. Macroinvertebrates were sampled at 21 sites to determine aquatic life impairment status (full, partial, or nonsupport) and relative biotic condition scores. Macroinvertebrate biotic condition scores were significantly correlated with cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc, and specific conductance in 2003 (r = -0.61 to -0.68) and with cadmium, lead, and pore water toxic units in 2004 (r = -0.55 to -0.57). Reference sites were fully supporting of aquatic life and had the lowest metals concentrations and among the highest biotic condition scores in both years. Sites directly downstream from mining and related activities were partially supporting, with biotic condition scores 10% to 58% lower than reference sites. Sites located greater distances downstream from mining activities had intermediate scores and concentrations of metals. Results indicate that elevated concentrations of metals originating from mining activities were the underlying cause of aquatic life impairment in several of the streams studied. There was general concurrence among the adversely affected sites in how the various indicators responded to mining activities during the overall study.
C1 [Poulton, Barry C.; Allert, Ann L.; Besser, John M.; Schmitt, Christopher J.; Brumbaugh, William G.; Fairchild, James F.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP Poulton, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM bpoulton@usgs.gov
NR 95
TC 5
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U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
EI 1573-2959
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 163
IS 1-4
BP 619
EP 641
DI 10.1007/s10661-009-0864-2
PG 23
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 567FH
UT WOS:000275428200053
PM 19347594
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, XY
Goldberg, M
Tarpley, D
Friedl, MA
Morisette, J
Kogan, F
Yu, YY
AF Zhang, Xiaoyang
Goldberg, Mitchell
Tarpley, Dan
Friedl, Mark A.
Morisette, Jeffrey
Kogan, Felix
Yu, Yunyue
TI Drought-induced vegetation stress in southwestern North America
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE interannual vegetation greenness; daily precipitation; dry season
length; climate change; long time series; AVHRR NDVI; complex trends
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SOUTHERN AFRICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
UNITED-STATES; MONITORING VEGETATION; REGIONAL REANALYSIS; NDVI;
PRECIPITATION; SATELLITE; PHENOLOGY
AB Trends towards earlier greenup and increased average greenness have been widely reported in both humid and dry ecosystems. By analyzing NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data from 1982 to 2007, we report complex trends in both the growing season amplitude and seasonally integrated vegetation greenness in southwestern North America and further highlight regions consistently experiencing drought stress. In particular, greenness measurements from 1982 to 2007 show an increasing trend in grasslands but a decreasing trend in shrublands. However, vegetation greenness in this period has experienced a strong cycle, increasing from 1982 to 1993 but decreasing from 1993 to 2007. The significant decrease during the last decade has reduced vegetation greenness by 6% in shrublands and 13% in grasslands (16% and 21%, respectively, in the severe drought years). The greenness cycle correlates to both annual precipitation and dry season length derived from NOAA North America Regional Reanalysis data. If drought events continue as predicted by climate models, they will exacerbate ecosystem degradation and reduce carbon uptake.
C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Friedl, Mark A.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Morisette, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Invas Species Sci Branch, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Earth Resources Technol Inc, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Yu,
Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X;
FU NOAA [DG133E-06-CQ-0030]; NASA [NNX08AT05A]
FX This work was partially supported by NOAA contract DG133E-06-CQ-0030 and
NASA MEaSUREs contract NNX08AT05A. The authors wish to express their
thanks to Robert Wolfe, Kevin Gallo, and two anonymous reviewers for
valuable comments, and to Dorian L Shuford for editing. The views,
opinions, and findings contained in these works are those of the authors
and should not be interpreted as an official NOAA and USGS or United
States Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 59
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 27
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-9326
J9 ENVIRON RES LETT
JI Environ. Res. Lett.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 2
AR 024008
DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024008
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 618PZ
UT WOS:000279369500009
ER
PT J
AU Finkelstein, ME
George, D
Scherbinski, S
Gwiazda, R
Johnson, M
Burnett, J
Brandt, J
Lawrey, S
Pessier, AP
Clark, M
Wynne, J
Grantham, J
Smith, DR
AF Finkelstein, M. E.
George, D.
Scherbinski, S.
Gwiazda, R.
Johnson, M.
Burnett, J.
Brandt, J.
Lawrey, S.
Pessier, A. P.
Clark, M.
Wynne, J.
Grantham, J.
Smith, D. R.
TI Feather Lead Concentrations and Pb-207/Pb-206 Ratios Reveal Lead
Exposure History of California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPENT AMMUNITION; METALS; PACIFIC; BLOOD
AB Lead poisoning is a primary factor impeding the survival and recovery of the critically endangered California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus). However, the frequency and magnitude of lead exposure in condors is not well-known in part because most blood lead monitoring occurs biannually, and biannual blood samples capture only 10% of a bird's annual exposure history. We investigated the use of growing feathers from free-flying condors in California to establish a bird's lead exposure history. We show that lead concentration and stable lead isotopic composition analyses of sequential feather sections and concurrently collected blood samples provided a comprehensive history of lead exposure over the 2-4 month period of feather growth. Feather analyses identified exposure events not evident from blood monitoring efforts, and by fitting an empirically derived timeline to actively growing feathers, we were able to estimate the time frame for specific lead exposure events. Our results demonstrate the utility of using sequentially sampled feathers to reconstruct lead exposure history. Since exposure risk in individuals is one determinant of population health, our findings should increase the understanding of population-level effects from lead poisoning in condors; this information may also be helpful for other avian species potentially impacted by lead poisoning.
C1 [Finkelstein, M. E.; Gwiazda, R.; Smith, D. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Microbiol & Environm Toxicol Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[George, D.; Scherbinski, S.] Natl Pk Serv, Paicines, CA 95043 USA.
[Johnson, M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Burnett, J.] Ventana Wildlife Soc, Salinas, CA 93908 USA.
[Brandt, J.; Grantham, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ventura, CA 93003 USA.
[Lawrey, S.] Tom Dodson & Associates, San Bernardino, CA 92405 USA.
[Pessier, A. P.] San Diego Zoos Inst Conservat Res, Wildlife Dis Labs, San Diego, CA 92112 USA.
[Clark, M.; Wynne, J.] Los Angeles Zoo, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA.
RP Finkelstein, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Microbiol & Environm Toxicol Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM myraf@ucsc.edu
FU National Park Service; Western National Park Association; Institute of
Marine Sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz
FX We are grateful to C. Van Tassell, J. Petterson, A. Welch, K.
Parmentier, B. Hideout, and R. Risebrough for their contributions to
this study, and to R. Franks for analytical support. We thank D. Ciani,
C. Eng, S. Flannagan, J. Koning, D. Sears, M. Tyner, the staff of the
Wildlife Disease Laboratories, San Diego Zoo, and the veterinary
facility at the Los Angeles Zoo for help with sample and/or data
collection. We also thank the other members of the field crews from the
Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge, Pinnacles National Monument,
and the Ventana Wildlife Society. We appreciate the editorial comments
provided by P. Sievert, G. Filippelli, and C. Phillips as well as three
anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the National Park
Service, the Western National Park Association, and the Institute of
Marine Sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Any use of
trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 33
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U1 1
U2 35
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 7
BP 2639
EP 2647
DI 10.1021/es903176w
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 574MN
UT WOS:000275993700064
PM 20199067
ER
PT J
AU Domagalski, JL
Weston, DP
Zhang, MH
Hladik, M
AF Domagalski, Joseph L.
Weston, Donald P.
Zhang, Minghua
Hladik, Michelle
TI PYRETHROID INSECTICIDE CONCENTRATIONS AND TOXICITY IN STREAMBED
SEDIMENTS AND LOADS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY,
CALIFORNIA, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pyrethroids; Sediment toxicity; Hyalella azteca; Storm runoff;
Agriculture
ID IDENTIFICATION EVALUATIONS; SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS; PESTICIDES; BED
AB Pyrethroid insecticide use in California, USA, is growing, and there is a need to understand the fate of these compounds in the environment. Concentrations and toxicity were assessed in streambed sediment of the San Joaquin Valley of California, one of the most productive agricultural regions of the United States. Concentrations were also measured in the suspended sediment associated with irrigation or storm-water runoff, and mass loads during storms were calculated. Western valley streambed sediments were frequently toxic to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, with most of the toxicity attributable to bifenthrin and cyhalothrin. Up to 100% mortality was observed in some locations with concentrations of some pyrethroids up to 20 ng/g. The western San Joaquin Valley streams are mostly small watersheds with clay soils, and sediment-laden irrigation runoff transports pyrethroid insecticides throughout the growing season. In contrast, eastern tributaries and the San Joaquin River had low bed sediment concentrations (<1 ng/g) and little or no toxicity because of the preponderance of sandy soils and sediments. Bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, and permethrin were the most frequently detected pyrethroids in irrigation and storm water runoff. Esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, and resmethrin were also detected. All sampled streams contributed to the insecticide load of the San Joaquin River during storms, but some compounds detected in the smaller creeks were not detected in the San Joaquin River. The two smallest streams, Ingram and Hospital Creeks, which had high sediment toxicity during the irrigation season, accounted for less than 5% of the total discharge of the San Joaquin River during storm conditions, and as a result their contribution to the pyrethroid mass load of the larger river was minimal. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:813-823. (C) 2010 SETAC
C1 [Domagalski, Joseph L.; Hladik, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Weston, Donald P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Zhang, Minghua] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Domagalski, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM joed@usgs.gov
OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712
FU Consolidated Grants-Proposition 50 Agricultural Water Quality Grant
Program, State of California.
FX This work was supported by the 2005 to 2006 Consolidated
Grants-Proposition 50 Agricultural Water Quality Grant Program, State of
California.
NR 23
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U1 2
U2 33
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 813
EP 823
DI 10.1002/etc.106
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 582NI
UT WOS:000276604100008
PM 20821510
ER
PT J
AU Custer, CM
Gray, BR
Custer, TW
AF Custer, Christine M.
Gray, Brian R.
Custer, Thomas W.
TI EFFECTS OF EGG ORDER ON ORGANIC AND INORGANIC ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS AND
EGG CHARACTERISTICS IN TREE SWALLOWS, TACHYCINETA BICOLOR
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Egg order; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Tachycineta bicolor; Trace
elements; Tree swallows
ID AMONG-CLUTCH VARIATION; AUDOUINS GULL EGGS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS;
POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SUPERFUND SITE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS;
MATERNAL TRANSFER; HOUSATONIC RIVER; LAYING SEQUENCE; SELENIUM LEVELS
AB The laying order of tree swallow eggs was identified from the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, and eggs were chemically analyzed individually to document possible effects of laying order on organic contaminant and inorganic element concentrations. Effects of laying order on other parameters such as egg weight, size, and lipid and moisture content also were assessed. Some effects of egg order on total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected, but the effect was not uniform across individual females or between years. In 2004, clutches with higher total PCBs tended to have concentrations decline across egg order, whereas clutches with lower concentrations of PCBs tended to increase across egg order. In contrast, in 2005, there was a tendency for concentrations to increase across egg order. Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations were highly variable within and among clutches in both years. The directionality of egg order associations (i.e., slopes) for trace elements was element dependent, was positive for Mn and Zn, was negative for B, and had no slope for Cr. Whole egg weight increased across egg order. Percentage lipid was variable within a clutch, with no pattern common across all females. Percentage lipid was also correlated with organic contaminant concentration. In highly contaminated environments, higher lipid content could have the unanticipated corollary of having higher concentrations of lipophilic contaminants such as PCBs. To reduce the effect of high variation within a clutch when assessing contamination exposure, it is recommended that two eggs per clutch be collected and pooled for chemical analysis. We further recommend that, as long as the two eggs are randomly collected, the additional effort needed to identify and collect specific eggs is not warranted. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:909-921. (C) 2009 SETAC
C1 [Custer, Christine M.; Gray, Brian R.; Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
EM ccuster@usgs.gov
RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014;
OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550
NR 49
TC 17
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U1 0
U2 10
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 909
EP 921
DI 10.1002/etc.88
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 582NI
UT WOS:000276604100019
PM 20821521
ER
PT J
AU Miranda, LE
Spickard, M
Dunn, T
Webb, KM
Aycock, JN
Hunt, K
AF Miranda, L. E.
Spickard, M.
Dunn, T.
Webb, K. M.
Aycock, J. N.
Hunt, K.
TI Fish Habitat Degradation in US Reservoirs
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-USE; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; AMERICANA
AB As the median age of the thousands of large reservoirs (> 200 ha) in the United States tops 50, many are showing various signs of fish habitat degradation. Our goal was to identify major factors degrading fish habitat in reservoirs across the country, and to explore regional degradation patterns. An online survey including 14 metrics was scored on a 0 (no degradation) to 5 (high degradation) point scale by 221 fisheries scientists (92% response rate) to describe degradation in 482 reservoirs randomly distributed throughout the continental United States. The highest scored sources of degradation were lack of aquatic macrophytes (41% of the reservoirs scored as 4-5), lack or loss of woody debris (35% scored 4-5), mistimed water level fluctuations (34% scored 4-5), and sedimentation (31% scored 4-5). Factor analysis identified five primary degradation factors that accounted for most of the variability in the 14 degradation metrics. The factors reflected siltation, structural habitat, eutrophication, water regime, and aquatic plants. Three degradation factors were driven principally by in-reservoir processes, whereas the other two were driven by inputs from the watershed. A comparison across U. S. regions indicated significant geographical differences in degradation relative to the factors emphasized by each region. Reservoirs sometimes have been dismissed as unnatural and disruptive, but they are a product of public policy, a critical feature of landscapes, and they cannot be overlooked if managers are to effectively conserve river systems. Protection and restoration of reservoir habitats may be enhanced with a broader perspective that includes watershed management, in addition to in reservoir activities.
C1 [Miranda, L. E.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS USA.
RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS USA.
EM smiranda@usgs.gov
OI Dunn, William/0000-0003-0558-1070
NR 33
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 5
U2 20
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 4
BP 175
EP 184
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.4.175
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 588ZO
UT WOS:000277113600004
ER
PT J
AU Anlauf, KJ
Moffitt, CM
AF Anlauf, Kara J.
Moffitt, Christine M.
TI Modelling of landscape variables at multiple extents to predict fine
sediments and suitable habitat for Tubifex tubifex in a stream system
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE benthos; ecosystem; erosion/sedimentation/landuse; fish; geospatial;
parasites/pathogens; physical habitat modelling
ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; LAND-USE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS;
RIVERINE LANDSCAPES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WHIRLING DISEASE; FISH
POPULATIONS; SPECIES TRAITS; SCALE; CATCHMENT
AB 1. Aggregations of fine sediments are a suitable proxy for the presence and abundance of Tubifex tubifex, one of the obligate hosts in the parasitic life cycle that causes salmonid whirling disease (Myxobolus cerebralis).
2. To determine and evaluate practical approaches to predict fine sediments (<2 mm diameter) that could support Tubifex spp. aggregations, we measured habitat features in a catchment with field measures and metrics derived from digital data sets and geospatial tools at three different spatial extents (m(2)) within a hierarchical structure.
3. We used linear mixed models to test plausible candidate models that best explained the presence of fine sediments measured in stream surveys with metrics from several spatial extents.
4. The percent slow water habitat measured at the finest extent provided the best model to predict the likely presence of fine sediments. The most influential models to predict fine sediments using landscape metrics measured at broader extents included variables that measure the percentage land cover in conifer or agriculture, specifically, decreases in conifer cover and increases in agriculture.
5. The overall best-fitting model of the presence of fine sediments in a stream reach combined variables measured and operating at different spatial extents.
6. Landscape features modelled within a hierarchical framework may be useful tools to evaluate and prioritise areas with fine sediments that may be at risk of infection by Myxobolus cerebralis.
C1 [Anlauf, Kara J.; Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu
FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; National Partnership
FX The Funding was provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the
National Partnership for the Management of Wild and Native Coldwater
Fisheries, Trout Unlimited, and the Whirling Disease Foundation. M.
Colvin, K. Johnson, D. Munson, D. Burton, T. Garlie, D. Engemann and
numerous volunteers provided logistical support and assistance. R. King,
U. S. Forest Service, B. Shafii, B. Price, M. Colvin and J. Horne of the
University of Idaho provided statistical assistance. Conceptual approach
and assistance was provided by B. Rieman, J. B. Johnson, A. H. Haukenes,
J. Braatne, J. Trexler and E. Strand. We are grateful to R. Flitcroft
and C. Torgersen for critical review of earlier drafts. This is
contribution 1030 of the University of Idaho Forestry, Wildlife and
Range Resources Experiment Station, Moscow, Idaho.
NR 54
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U1 0
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0046-5070
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 4
BP 794
EP 805
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02323.x
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 570KS
UT WOS:000275676700006
ER
PT J
AU Crenshaw, CL
Grimm, NB
Zeglin, LH
Sheibley, RW
Dahm, CN
Pershall, AD
AF Crenshaw, C. L.
Grimm, N. B.
Zeglin, L. H.
Sheibley, R. W.
Dahm, C. N.
Pershall, A. D.
TI Dissolved inorganic nitrogen dynamics in the hyporheic zone of reference
and human-altered southwestern U. S. streams
SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE canalization; incision; human land use; surface waters; ground waters;
stream ecosystem
ID DISSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTION; SONORAN DESERT STREAM; HEADWATER
STREAMS; GROUNDWATER EXCHANGE; TRANSIENT STORAGE; MOUNTAIN STREAM;
NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; WATER EXCHANGE; SURFACE-WATER; DENITRIFICATION
AB Canalization and incision are common morphological alterations associated with human land use that reduce hydrological/hydrodynamic linkages between surface and ground waters in stream ecosystems. To explore the impacts of these anthropogenic changes on nutrient spiraling in streams, we measured the linkage between hyporheic and surface zones of reference and human-altered streams using (15)N-nitrate ((15)NO(3)(-)) and bromide (Br(-)) tracer injection experiments. Experiments were conducted in 7 streams (3 reference, 3 agricultural and 1 urban) in Arizona and New Mexico, USA, over a 3 yr period during the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment (LINX II). Groundwater wells (6-9 in each stream) were inserted to 30 cm depth and multilevel samplers (MLS) were installed downstream from injection sites to measure inorganic nitrogen (N) and Br(-) concentrations in hyporheic water. There was measurable surface water-ground water (SW-GW) connectivity, as indicated by Br(-) concentrations in shallow alluvial ground water (0-30 cm depth) at all sites. SW-GW connectivity was higher in reference than in human-altered streams. Concentrations of NO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+) in MLS cells (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm below streambed) were inversely correlated, and (15)N-enrichment of both N species was measurable in groundwater wells. Hyporheic zones with lower surface-water infiltration had higher quantities of (15)NH(4)(+) than of (15)NO(3)(-). Whole stream uptake (k(tot); calculated during the LINX II experiments) was correlated with delta(15)NH(4)(+) in wells; i.e., high delta(15)NH(4)(+) in wells was associated with high stream uptake, and both whole stream NO(3)(-) uptake and delta(15)NH(4)(+) were highest in the human-altered streams. The presence of enriched (15)NH(4)(+) in many of the wells within 24 h of injection suggested that dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) was occurring in the hyporheic zone.
C1 [Crenshaw, C. L.; Zeglin, L. H.; Dahm, C. N.; Pershall, A. D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Grimm, N. B.; Sheibley, R. W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Zeglin, L. H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Sheibley, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
RP Crenshaw, CL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
EM chelseacrenshaw@hotmail.com
RI Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009;
OI Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Sheibley, Richard/0000-0003-1627-8536
FU U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0111410]; NSF
FX This work was supported by U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grant
DEB-0111410 to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, several NSF
grants were distributed to individual sites. We thank Robert Sinsabaugh,
Michelle Baker and three anonymous reviewers and editors who provided
constructive comments that improved this manuscript. We also thank
Armand Groffman for the use of MLS rods.
NR 64
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PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS
PI STUTTGART
PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176
STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 1863-9135
J9 FUND APPL LIMNOL
JI Fundam. Appl. Limnol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 176
IS 4
BP 391
EP 405
DI 10.1127/1863-9135/2010/0176-0391
PG 15
WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 649HP
UT WOS:000281759300009
ER
PT J
AU Horner, TJ
Schonbachler, M
Rehkamper, M
Nielsen, SG
Williams, H
Halliday, AN
Xue, Z
Hein, JR
AF Horner, T. J.
Schonbachler, M.
Rehkamper, M.
Nielsen, S. G.
Williams, H.
Halliday, A. N.
Xue, Z.
Hein, J. R.
TI Ferromanganese crusts as archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE cadmium; stable isotopes; double spike; ferromanganese crusts; cadmium
isotopes
ID FE-MN CRUSTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY; SECULAR VARIATION;
SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PB ISOTOPES; CADMIUM; FRACTIONATION; SEAWATER; PACIFIC
AB The geochemistry of Cd in seawater has attracted significant attention owing to the nutrient-like properties of this element. Recent culturing studies have demonstrated that Cd is a biologically important trace metal that plays a role in the sequestration of inorganic carbon. This conclusion is supported by recent isotope data for Cd dissolved in seawater and incorporated in cultured phytoplankton. These results show that plankton features isotopically light Cd while Cd-depleted surface waters typically exhibit complimentary heavy Cd isotope compositions. Seawater samples from below 900 m depth display a uniform and intermediate isotope composition of epsilon(114/110)Cd = +3.3 +/- 0.5. This study investigates whether ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are robust archives of deep water Cd isotope compositions. To this end, Cd isotope data were obtained for the recent growth surfaces of 15 Fe-Mn crusts from the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern oceans and two USGS Fe-Mn reference nodules using double spike multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Fe-Mn crusts yield a mean epsilon(114/110)Cd of +3.2 +/- 0.4 (2 SE, n = 14). Data for all but one of the samples are identical, within the analytical uncertainty of +/- 1.1 epsilon(114/110)Cd (2 SD), to the mean deep water Cd isotope value. This indicates that Fe-Mn crusts record seawater Cd isotope compositions without significant isotope fractionation. A single sample from the Southern Ocean exhibits a light Cd isotope composition of epsilon(114/110)Cd = 0.2 +/- 1.1. The origin of this signature is unclear, but it may reflect variations in deep water Cd isotope compositions related to differences in surface water Cd utilization or long-term changes in seawater epsilon(114/110)Cd. The results suggest that time series analyses of Fe-Mn crusts may be utilized to study changes in marine Cd utilization.
C1 [Horner, T. J.; Schonbachler, M.; Rehkamper, M.; Xue, Z.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Horner, T. J.; Nielsen, S. G.; Williams, H.; Halliday, A. N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England.
[Hein, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Horner, TJ (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England.
EM tristan.horner@earth.ox.ac.uk
RI Nielsen, Sune/C-7345-2011;
OI Horner, Tristan/0000-0003-1784-0391; Nielsen, Sune/0000-0002-0458-3739
FU NERC; STFC
FX The authors would like to thank F. Wombacher for making various Cd
isotopic reference materials available and L. M. Kalnins for help with
drafting Figures 1 and 2. Constructive comments from S. J. G. Galer and
W. Abouchami clarified the discussion of the technical aspects of this
study. Manuscript reviews by an anonymous referee and, in particular, M.
Andersen helped to shape a significantly improved revised text. Cadmium
isotope research at Imperial College London is supported by grants from
NERC and STFC.
NR 42
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U1 4
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 11
AR Q04001
DI 10.1029/2009GC002987
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 578RW
UT WOS:000276313900002
ER
PT J
AU West, ME
Larsen, CF
Truffer, M
O'Neel, S
LeBlanc, L
AF West, Michael E.
Larsen, Christopher F.
Truffer, Martin
O'Neel, Shad
LeBlanc, Laura
TI Glacier microseismicity
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE STREAM-C; EARTHQUAKES; FREQUENCY; ALASKA; MOTION; ANTARCTICA;
SEISMICITY; EXCITATION; ICEQUAKES; ERUPTION
AB We present a framework for interpreting small glacier seismic events based on data collected near the center of Bering Glacier, Alaska, in spring 2007. We find extremely high microseismicity rates (as many as tens of events per minute) occurring largely within a few kilometers of the receivers. A high-frequency class of seismicity is distinguished by dominant frequencies of 20-35 Hz and impulsive arrivals. A low-frequency class has dominant frequencies of 6-15 Hz, emergent onsets, and longer, more monotonic codas. A bimodal distribution of 160,000 seismic events over two months demonstrates that the classes represent two distinct populations. This is further supported by the presence of hybrid waveforms that contain elements of both event types. The high-low-hybrid paradigm is well established in volcano seismology and is demonstrated by a comparison to earthquakes from Augustine Volcano. We build on these parallels to suggest that fluid-induced resonance is likely responsible for the low-frequency glacier events and that the hybrid glacier events may be caused by the rush of water into newly opening pathways.
C1 [West, Michael E.; Larsen, Christopher F.; Truffer, Martin; LeBlanc, Laura] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP West, ME (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
NR 36
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U1 2
U2 17
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 4
BP 319
EP 322
DI 10.1130/G30606.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 573XC
UT WOS:000275947700009
ER
PT J
AU Buggisch, W
Joachimski, MM
Lehnert, O
Bergstrom, SM
Repetski, JE
Webers, GF
AF Buggisch, Werner
Joachimski, Michael M.
Lehnert, Oliver
Bergstroem, Stig M.
Repetski, John E.
Webers, Gerald F.
TI Did intense volcanism trigger the first Late Ordovician icehouse?
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-ISOTOPE EXCURSIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; LATE MIDDLE; EPEIRIC SEAS;
CLIMATE; GLACIATION; OCEANS; MIDCONTINENT; GREENHOUSE; TRANSITION
AB Oxygen isotopes measured on Late Ordovician conodonts from Minnesota and Kentucky (United States) were studied to reconstruct the paleotemperature history during late Sandbian to Katian (Mohawkian-Cincinnatian) time. This time interval was characterized by intense volcanism, as shown by the prominent Deicke, Millbrig, and other K-bentonite beds. A prominent carbon isotope excursion (Guttenberg delta C-13 excursion, GICE) postdates the Millbrig volcanic eruptions, and has been interpreted to reflect a drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide and climatic cooling. The oxygen isotope record in conodont apatite contradicts this earlier interpretation. An increase in delta O-18 of 1.5% (Vienna standard mean ocean water) just above the Deicke K-bentonite suggests an abrupt and short-lived cooling that possibly initiated a first short-term glacial episode well before the major Hirnantian glaciation. The decrease in delta O-18 immediately after the mega-eruptions indicates warming before the GICE, and no cooling is shown in the GICE interval. The coincidence of the Deicke mega-eruption with a cooling event suggests that this major volcanic event had a profound effect on Late Ordovician (late Mohawkian) climate.
C1 [Buggisch, Werner; Joachimski, Michael M.; Lehnert, Oliver] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Geozentrum Nordbayern, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
[Bergstroem, Stig M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Repetski, John E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Webers, Gerald F.] Macalester Coll, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.
RP Buggisch, W (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Geozentrum Nordbayern, Sch Garten 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
EM buggisch@geol.uni-erlangen
RI Joachimski, Michael/B-9477-2011
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Bu 312/59]
FX The paper benefited from thorough reviews by T. Cronin, H. Dowsett, E.
Grossman, C. Holmden, F. Read, M. Pope, and three anonymous reviewers
that improved the manuscript. This study was financially supported by
the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG grant Bu 312/59).
NR 36
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U1 6
U2 32
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
EI 1943-2682
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 4
BP 327
EP 330
DI 10.1130/G30577.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 573XC
UT WOS:000275947700011
ER
PT J
AU Madej, MA
AF Madej, Mary Ann
TI Redwoods, restoration, and implications for carbon budgets
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 40th Binghamton Gromorphology Symposium
CY OCT 02-04, 2009
CL Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Blacksburg, VA
HO Virginia Tech Blacksburg
DE Redwood; Road restoration; Carbon; Wood loading; Timber harvest;
Landslide; Vegetation
ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; GROWTH; DEBRIS; WOOD;
STRENGTH; FOREST; RATES
AB The coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) of California have several unique characteristics that influence interactions between vegetation and geomorphic processes. Case studies, using a combination of in-channel wood surveys and an air photo inventory of landslides, illustrate current conditions in a redwood-dominated watershed undergoing restoration work, and the influence of wood loading and landslides on the carbon budget. Redwood trees have extremely large biomass (trunk wood volumes of 700 to 1000 m(3)) and are very decay-resistant; consequently, they have a large and persistent influence on in-channel wood loading. Large wood surveys indicate high wood loading in streams in uncut forests (0.3-0.5 m(3)/m(2) of channel), but also show that high wood loading can persist in logged basin with unlogged riparian buffers because of the slow decay of fallen redwoods. Through a watershed restoration program, Redwood National Park increases in-channel wood loading in low-order streams, but the effectiveness of this technique has not yet been tested by a large flood. Another unique characteristic of redwood is its ability to resprout from basal burls after cutting, so that root strength may not decline as sharply following logging as in other types of forests. An air photo inventory of landslides following a large storm in 1997 indicated: 1) that in the Redwood Creek watershed the volume of material displaced by landslides in harvested areas was not related to the time elapsed since logging, suggesting that the loss of root strength was not a decisive factor in landslide initiation, 2) landslide production on decommissioned logging roads was half that of untreated roads, and 3) landslides removed an estimated 28 Mg of organic carbon/km(2) from hillslopes. The carbon budget of a redwood-dominated catchment is dominated by the vegetative component, but is also influenced by the extent of mass movement, erosion control work, and in-channel storage of wood. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Madej, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov
NR 49
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 6
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 116
IS 3-4
SI SI
BP 264
EP 273
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.012
PG 10
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 574ML
UT WOS:000275993500006
ER
PT J
AU Osterkamp, WR
Hupp, CR
AF Osterkamp, W. R.
Hupp, C. R.
TI Fluvial processes and vegetation - Glimpses of the past, the present,
and perhaps the future
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 40th Binghamton Gromorphology Symposium
CY OCT 02-04, 2009
CL Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Blacksburg, VA
HO Virginia Tech Blacksburg
DE Fluvial processes; Vegetation; Biogeomorphology; Bottomland surfaces;
Plant ecology; Streamflow
ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; UPPER RHONE RIVER; RIPARIAN
VEGETATION; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SPECIES-RICHNESS;
MISSOURI RIVER; OVERBANK SEDIMENTATION; BOTTOMLAND VEGETATION
AB Most research before 1960 into interactions among fluvial processes, resulting landforms, and vegetation was descriptive. Since then, however, research has become more detailed and quantitative permitting numerical modeling and applications including agricultural-erosion abatement and rehabilitation of altered bottomlands. Although progress was largely observational, the empiricism increasingly yielded to objective recognition of how vegetation interacts with and influences geomorphic process. A review of advances relating fluvial processes and vegetation during the last 50 years centers on hydrologic reconstructions from tree rings, plant indicators of flow- and flood-frequency parameters, hydrologic controls on plant species, regulation of sediment movement by vegetation, vegetative controls on mass movement, and relations between plant cover and sediment movement.
Extension of present studies of vegetation as a regulator of bottomland hydrologic and geomorphic processes may become markedly more sophisticated and widespread than at present. Research emphases that are likely to continue include vegetative considerations for erosion modeling, response of riparian-zone forests to disturbance such as dams and water diversion, the effect of vegetation on channel and bottomland dynamics, and rehabilitation of stream corridors. Research topics that presently are receiving attention are the effect of woody vegetation on the roughness of stream corridors and, hence, processes of flood conveyance and flood-plain sedimentation, the development of a theoretical basis for rehabilitation projects as opposed to fully empirical approaches, the effect of invasive plant species on the dynamics of bottomland vegetation, the quantification of below-surface biomass and related soil-stability factors for use in erosion-prediction models, and the effect of impoundments on downstream narrowing of channels and accompanying encroachment of vegetation.
Bottomland vegetation partially controls and is controlled by fluvial-geomorphic processes. The purposes of this paper are to identify and review investigations that have related vegetation to bottomland features and processes, to distinguish the present status of these investigations, and to anticipate future research into how hydrologic and fluvial-geomorphic processes of bottomlands interact with vegetation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Osterkamp, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Hupp, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Osterkamp, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1955 E 6th St, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM wroster@usgs.gov; crhupp@usgs.gov
NR 201
TC 69
Z9 71
U1 7
U2 90
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 116
IS 3-4
SI SI
BP 274
EP 285
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.018
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 574ML
UT WOS:000275993500007
ER
PT J
AU Scheirer, DS
Sweetkind, DS
Miller, JJ
AF Scheirer, Daniel S.
Sweetkind, Donald S.
Miller, John J.
TI Multiple phases of basin formation along the Stateline fault system in
the Pahrump and Mesquite Valleys, Nevada and California
SO GEOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
ID EAGLE MOUNTAIN FORMATION; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; SPRING-MOUNTAINS; BLACK
MOUNTAINS; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; GREAT-BASIN; THRUST BELT; SHEAR ZONE;
LAS-VEGAS; RANGE
AB Two phases of deformation are needed to describe the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Pahrump and Mesquite basins in the southern Great Basin and eastern Mojave Desert, United States. By interpreting seismic reflection and gravity observations along with bedrock and surficial mapping, we infer an extensional phase of basin formation followed by a transtensional phase, in this area straddling the border of southern Nevada and southeastern California. We reprocessed similar to 220 line km of industry seismic reflection data from the Pahrump and Mesquite Valleys to emphasize reflections in the basin fill, and combined these results with analysis of gravity data. The seismic lines portray the complex geometry of the Stateline fault system, a major Neogene dextral strike-slip system that passes through these valleys, and provide evidence for multiple ages of faulting along structures that bound the Pahrump basin. Locally thick sequences of preextensional Tertiary sedimentary rocks are cut by large-offset, relatively high-angle normal faults that record a phase of extensional basin formation that preceded transtension. The existence of preextensional basins beneath the Pahrump and Mesquite Valleys bears on tectonic reconstruction of the region and suggests that tilted ranges blocks to the west of these valleys need not restore to positions immediately adjacent to the Spring Mountains to the east. Subsequent dextral offset on the Stateline fault system resulted in the formation of steep-sided basins, local arching and tectonic inversion, and the burial of earlier-formed normal faults with coarse clastic detritus. Gravity models that are constrained to match the basin architecture observed in the seismic lines require lateral variations in basin-fill and bedrock density, and they confirm that the Paleozoic outcrop of Black Butte, a topographic high separating the Pahrump and Mesquite Valleys, is unrooted to underlying bedrock.
C1 [Scheirer, Daniel S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Sweetkind, Donald S.; Miller, John J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Scheirer, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS989,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
OI Sweetkind, Donald/0000-0003-0892-4796
NR 65
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 1553-040X
J9 GEOSPHERE
JI Geosphere
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 2
BP 93
EP 129
DI 10.1130/GES00520.1
PG 37
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 576CQ
UT WOS:000276122000002
ER
PT J
AU Slonecker, T
Milheim, L
Claggett, P
AF Slonecker, Terrence
Milheim, Lesley
Claggett, Peter
TI Landscape Indicators and Land Cover Change in the Mid-Atlantic Region of
the United States, 1973-2001
SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID CONSEQUENCES; RESOURCES
AB Landscape indicators, derived from land use and land cover data as well as other data, were used to calculate the ecological consequences of land cover change in terms of nitrate loading and physical bird habitat. Both were modeled from 1973, 1992, and 2001 land cover data in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Land cover statistics and trends are calculated for three time periods. In general, forest gain and agricultural loss was found in areas of improving landscape indicators and forest loss and agricultural gain was found to occur in areas of declining indicators, which was confirmed by high-resolution aerial photographic analysis.
C1 [Slonecker, Terrence; Milheim, Lesley; Claggett, Peter] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Slonecker, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,521 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FX This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Opinions expressed here do not
necessarily reflect those of either agency. Mention of trade names or
products does not constitute endorsement by any agency of the Federal
Government of the United States. This paper is derived from USGS Open
file report 2009-1187.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 9
PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD
PI COLUMBIA
PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA
SN 1548-1603
J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS
JI GISci. Remote Sens.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 2
BP 163
EP 186
DI 10.2747/1548-1603.47.2.163
PG 24
WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing
SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
GA 615CA
UT WOS:000279107700001
ER
PT J
AU Fellers, GM
Wood, LL
Carlisle, S
Pratt, D
AF Fellers, Gary M.
Wood, Leslie L.
Carlisle, Sarah
Pratt, David
TI UNUSUAL SUBTERRANEAN AGGREGATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA GIANT SALAMANDER,
DICAMPTODON ENSATUS
SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE aggregation; California Giant Salamander; culverts; Dicamptodon ensatus;
habitat; subterranean
AB Larval Dicamptodon are one of the most abundant vertebrates in headwater streams in the Pacific Northwest. Their numbers and biomass can exceed those of all other amphibians, and of salmonid fishes. By contrast, metamorphosed Dicamptodon are only found infrequently, usually during formal surveys using pitfall traps, cover boards, or time constrained surveys However, we found two aggregations (23 and 27 individuals) of metamorphosed Dicamptodon ensatus during a culvert removal project at Point Reyes National Seashore, California. Furthermore, we found an additional 23 terrestrial D. ensatus in terrestrial habitat adjacent to the culverts. We did not expect these aggregations because metamorphosed individuals are so rarely encountered, and aggregations are likely to increase competition and predation in a species known to feed regularly on vertebrate prey. Deteriorating culverts might provide an unusually high-quality habitat that leads to aggregations such as we describe. Our observations may provide insight into the natural haunts of D. ensatus-underground burrows or caverns-and if so, then aggregations may be normal, but rarely seen.
C1 [Fellers, Gary M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA.
[Carlisle, Sarah] Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA.
RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA.
EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 10
PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY
PI CORVALLIS
PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA
SN 1931-7603
J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO
JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 1
BP 149
EP 154
PG 6
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 709WD
UT WOS:000286471200018
ER
PT J
AU Creech, D
Zhou, L
Yunlong, Y
Rockwood, D
Krauss, K
AF Creech, David
Zhou, Lijing
Yunlong, Yin
Rockwood, Don
Krauss, Ken
TI Taxodium Genotype Performance at SFA Gardens
SO HORTSCIENCE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Northeast Region Annual Meeting of the
American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science
CY JAN 04-07, 2010
CL Cambridge, MA
C1 [Creech, David; Zhou, Lijing] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA.
[Yunlong, Yin] Nanjing Bot Garden, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China.
[Rockwood, Don] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Krauss, Ken] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA
SN 0018-5345
J9 HORTSCIENCE
JI Hortscience
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 4
BP 492
EP 493
PG 2
WC Horticulture
SC Agriculture
GA 588DR
UT WOS:000277048100056
ER
PT J
AU Yamaguchi, N
Hupp, JW
Higuchi, H
Flint, PL
Pearce, JM
AF Yamaguchi, Noriyuki
Hupp, Jerry W.
Higuchi, Hiroyoshi
Flint, Paul L.
Pearce, John M.
TI Satellite-tracking of Northern Pintail Anas acuta during outbreaks of
the H5N1 virus in Japan: implications for virus spread
SO IBIS
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas acuta; Cygnus cygnus; highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza;
migration; Northern Pintail; Whooper Swan
ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; MIGRATORY BIRDS; WHOOPER SWANS; EASTERN ASIA;
WILD BIRDS; ALASKA; GEESE; DUCKS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PREVALENCE
AB We fitted Northern Pintail Anas acuta in Japan with satellite transmitters and monitored their spring migration movements relative to locations where the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus was detected in Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus in 2008. Pintails were assumed not to be infected with the H5N1 virus at the time they were marked because capture occurred between 2 and 5 months before reported outbreaks of the virus in Japan. We assessed spatial and temporal overlap between marked birds and occurrence of the virus and tracked Pintails after they departed outbreak locations. Eight of 66 (12.1%) Northern Pintails marked with satellite transmitters used wetlands in Japan where the H5N1 virus was detected in Whooper Swans. Apparent survival did not differ between Pintails that used H5N1 sites and those that did not. However, the proportion of Pintails that migrated from Japan was significantly lower among birds that used H5N1 sites compared with those that did not (0.50 vs. 0.79). Northern Pintails were present at the H5N1 sites from 1 to 88 days, with five birds present at the sites from 0 to 7 days prior to detection of the virus in Swans. The six Pintails observed to depart H5N1 sites did so within 2-77 days of the reported outbreaks and moved between 6 and 1200 km within 4 days of departure. Four Pintails migrated to eastern Russia. After their departure from outbreak sites, Northern Pintails made long-distance migrations within the period when newly infected ducks would shed the H5N1 virus. This supports a hypothesized mechanism by which a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus could be spread by migratory birds.
C1 [Hupp, Jerry W.; Flint, Paul L.; Pearce, John M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Yamaguchi, Noriyuki; Higuchi, Hiroyoshi] Univ Tokyo, Sch Agr & Life Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan.
RP Hupp, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM jhupp@usgs.gov
OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993
NR 44
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0019-1019
J9 IBIS
JI Ibis
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 152
IS 2
BP 262
EP 271
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 571OR
UT WOS:000275764100004
ER
PT J
AU Filacchione, G
Capaccioni, F
Clark, RN
Cuzzi, JN
Cruikshank, DP
Coradini, A
Cerroni, P
Nicholson, PD
McCord, TB
Brown, RH
Buratti, BJ
Tosi, F
Nelson, RM
Jaumann, R
Stephan, K
AF Filacchione, G.
Capaccioni, F.
Clark, R. N.
Cuzzi, J. N.
Cruikshank, D. P.
Coradini, A.
Cerroni, P.
Nicholson, P. D.
McCord, T. B.
Brown, R. H.
Buratti, B. J.
Tosi, F.
Nelson, R. M.
Jaumann, R.
Stephan, K.
TI Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS II. Results at the
end of nominal mission
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Saturn from Cassini-Huygens
CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2008
CL Imperial Coll, London, ENGLAND
HO Imperial Coll
DE Saturn, Satellites; Spectroscopy; Ices, IR spectroscopy; Infrared
observations; Image processing
ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; MU-M; CARBON-DIOXIDE;
WATER ICE; CRYSTALLINE H2O-ICE; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; ENCELADUS SURFACE;
MOON PHOEBE; H2O ICE
AB We report the detailed analysis of the spectrophotometric properties of Saturn's icy satellites as derived by full-disk observations obtained by visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) experiment aboard Cassini. In this paper, we have extended the coverage until the end of the Cassini's nominal mission (June 1st 2008), while a previous paper (Filacchione, G., and 28 colleagues [2007]. Icarus 186, 259290, hereby referred to as Paper I) reported the preliminary results of this study.
During the four years of nominal mission, VIMS has observed the entire population of Saturn's icy satellites allowing us to make a comparative analysis of the VIS-NIR spectral properties of the major satellites (Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Hyperion, Iapetus) and irregular moons (Atlas. Prometheus, Pandora, Janus, Epimetheus, Telesto, Calypso, Phoebe). The results we discuss here are derived from the entire dataset available at June 2008 which consists of 1417 full-disk observations acquired from a variety of distances and inclinations from the equatorial plane, with different phase angles and hemispheric coverage. The most important spectrophotometric indicators (as defined in Paper I: I/F continua at 0.55 mu m, 1.822 mu m and 3.547 mu m visible spectral slopes, water and carbon dioxide bands depths and positions) are calculated for each observation in order to investigate the disk-integrated composition of the satellites, the distribution of water ice respect to "contaminants" abundances and typical regolith grain properties. These quantities vary from the almost pure water ice surfaces of Enceladus and Calypso to the organic and carbon dioxide rich Hyperion, Iapetus and Phoebe. Janus visible colors are intermediate between these two classes having a slightly positive spectral slope. These results could help to decipher the origins and evolutionary history of the minor moons of the Saturn's system. We introduce a polar representation of the spectrophotometric parameters as function of the solar phase angle (along radial distance) and of the effective longitude interval illuminated by the Sun and covered by VIMS during the observation (in azimuth) to better investigate the spatial distribution of the spectrophotometric quantities across the regular satellites hemispheres. Finally, we report the observed spectral positions of the 4.26 mu m band of the carbon dioxide present in the surface material of three outermost moons Hyperion, Iapetus and Phoebe. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Filacchione, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF IASF, Area Ric Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80228 USA.
[Cuzzi, J. N.; Cruikshank, D. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Coradini, A.; Tosi, F.] Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, INAF, Area Ric Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[McCord, T. B.] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.
[Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Buratti, B. J.; Nelson, R. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Jaumann, R.; Stephan, K.] DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
RP Filacchione, G (reprint author), Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF IASF, Area Ric Tor Vergata, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
EM gianrico.filacchione@iasf-roma.inaf.it
OI Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Capaccioni,
Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055;
Tosi, Federico/0000-0003-4002-2434
NR 56
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 206
IS 2
BP 507
EP 523
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.006
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 572QJ
UT WOS:000275847600012
ER
PT J
AU Buratti, BJ
Bauer, JM
Hicks, MD
Mosher, JA
Filacchione, G
Momary, T
Baines, KH
Brown, RH
Clark, RN
Nicholson, PD
AF Buratti, B. J.
Bauer, J. M.
Hicks, M. D.
Mosher, J. A.
Filacchione, G.
Momary, T.
Baines, K. H.
Brown, R. H.
Clark, R. N.
Nicholson, P. D.
TI Cassini spectra and photometry 0.25-5.1 mu m of the small inner
satellites of Saturn
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Saturn from Cassini-Huygens
CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2008
CL Imperial Coll, London, ENGLAND
HO Imperial Coll
DE Saturn, Satellites; Satellites, Composition; Spectrophotometry
ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; ICY SATELLITES; DARK MATERIAL; VIMS;
SURFACE; IAPETUS; HYPERION; PHOEBE; ENCELADUS; DIONE
AB The nominal tour of the Cassini mission enabled the first spectra and solar phase curves of the small inner satellites of Saturn. We present spectra from the Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) and the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) that span the 0.25-5.1 mu m spectral range. The composition of Atlas, Pandora, Janus, Epimetheus, Calypso, and Telesto is primarily water ice, with a small amount (similar to 5%) of contaminant, which most likely consists of hydrocarbons. The optical properties of the "shepherd" satellites and the coorbitals are tied to the A-ring, while those of the Tethys Lagrangians are tied to the E-ring of Saturn. The color of the satellites becomes progressively bluer with distance from Saturn, presumably from the increased influence of the E-ring; Telesto is as blue as Enceladus. Janus and Epimetheus have very similar spectra, although the latter appears to have a thicker coating of ring material. For at least four of the satellites, we find evidence for the spectral line at 0.68 mu m that Vilas et al. [Vilas, F.. Larsen, S.M., Stockstill, KR., Gaffley, M.J., 1996. Icarus 124, 262-267] attributed to hydrated iron minerals on Iapetus and Hyperion. However, it is difficult to produce a spectral mixing model that includes this component. We find no evidence for CO(2) on any of the small satellites. There was a sufficient excursion in solar phase angle to create solar phase curves for Janus and Telesto. They bear a close similarity to the solar phase curves of the medium-sized inner icy satellites. Preliminary spectral modeling suggests that the contaminant on these bodies is not the same as the exogenously placed low-albedo material on Iapetus, but is rather a native material. The lack of CO(2) on the small inner satellites also suggests that their low-albedo material is distinct from that on Iapetus, Phoebe, and Hyperion. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Buratti, B. J.; Bauer, J. M.; Hicks, M. D.; Mosher, J. A.; Momary, T.; Baines, K. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Filacchione, G.] INAF IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA.
EM Bonnie.Buratti@jpl.nasa.gov
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 206
IS 2
BP 524
EP 536
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.015
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 572QJ
UT WOS:000275847600013
ER
PT J
AU Cruikshank, DP
Meyer, AW
Brown, RH
Clark, RN
Jaumann, R
Stephan, K
Hibbitts, CA
Sandford, SA
Mastrapa, RME
Filacchione, G
Ore, CMD
Nicholson, PD
Buratti, BJ
McCord, TB
Nelson, RM
Dalton, JB
Baines, KH
Matsoni, DL
AF Cruikshank, Dale P.
Meyer, Allan W.
Brown, Robert H.
Clark, Roger N.
Jaumann, Ralf
Stephan, Katrin
Hibbitts, Charles A.
Sandford, Scott A.
Mastrapa, Rachel M. E.
Filacchione, Gianrico
Ore, Cristina M. Dalle
Nicholson, Philip D.
Buratti, Bonnie. J.
McCord, Thomas. B.
Nelson, Robert M.
Dalton, J. Brad
Baines, Kevin H.
Matsoni, Dennis L.
TI Carbon dioxide on the satellites of Saturn: Results from the Cassini
VIMS investigation and revisions to the VIMS wavelength scale
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Saturn from Cassini-Huygens
CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2008
CL Imperial Coll, London, ENGLAND
HO Imperial Coll
DE Saturn; Ices
ID WATER-ICE; ION IRRADIATION; GALILEAN SATELLITES; CO2 MOLECULES; ANALOGS;
SURFACE; IAPETUS; GRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; MAGNETOSPHERE
AB Several of the icy satellites of Saturn show the spectroscopic signature of the asymmetric stretching mode of C-O in carbon dioxide (CO2) at or near the nominal solid-phase laboratory wavelength of 4.2675 mu m (2343.3 cm(-1)), discovered with the Visible-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on the Cassini spacecraft. We report here on an analysis of the variation in wavelength and width of the CO2 absorption band in the spectra of Phoebe, Iapetus, Hyperion, and Dione. Comparisons are made to laboratory spectra of pure CO2, CO2 clathrates, ternary mixtures of CO2 with other volatiles, implanted and adsorbed CO2 in non-volatile materials, and ab initio theoretical calculations of CO2 (*) nH(2)O. At the wavelength resolution of VIMS, the CO2 on Phoebe is indistinguishable from pure CO2 ice (each molecule's nearby neighbors are also CO2) or type II clathrate of CO2 in H2O. In contrast, the CO2 band on Iapetus. Hyperion, and Dione is shifted to shorter wavelengths (typically similar to 4.255 mu m (similar to 2350.2 cm(-1))) and broadened. These wavelengths are characteristic of complexes of CO2 with different near-neighbor molecules that are encountered in other volatile mixtures such as with H2O and CH3OH, and non-volatile host materials like silicates, some clays, and zeolites. We suggest that Phoebe's CO2 is native to the body as part of the initial inventory of condensates and now exposed on the surface, while CO2 on the other three satellites results at least in part from particle or UV irradiation of native H2O plus a source of C, implantation or accretion from external sources, or redistribution of native CO2 from the interior.
The analysis presented here depends on an accurate VIMS wavelength scale. In preparation for this work, the baseline wavelength calibration for the Cassini VIMS was found to be distorted around 4.3 mu m, apparently as a consequence of telluric CO2 gas absorption in the pre-launch calibration. The effect can be reproduced by convolving a sequence of model detector response profiles with a deep atmospheric CO2 absorption profile, producing distorted detector profile shapes and shifted central positions. In a laboratory blackbody spectrum used for radiance calibration, close examination of the CO2 absorption profile shows a similar deviation from that expected from a model. These modeled effects appear to be sufficient to explain the distortion in the existing wavelength calibration now in use. A modification to the wavelength calibration for 13 adjacent bands is provided. The affected channels span about 0.2 mu m centered on 4.28 mu m. The maximum wavelength change is about 10 nm toward longer wavelength. This adjustment has implications for interpretation of some of the spectral features observed in the affected wavelength interval, such as from CO2, as discussed in this paper. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Cruikshank, Dale P.; Meyer, Allan W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Jaumann, Ralf; Stephan, Katrin] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Space Sensor Technol & Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Hibbitts, Charles A.] JHU APL, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Filacchione, Gianrico] INAF IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Ore, Cristina M. Dalle] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Buratti, Bonnie. J.; Nelson, Robert M.; Dalton, J. Brad; Baines, Kevin H.; Matsoni, Dennis L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[McCord, Thomas. B.] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.
RP Cruikshank, DP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM dale.p.cruikshank@nasa.gov
RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016;
OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Filacchione,
Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055
NR 51
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 206
IS 2
BP 561
EP 572
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.012
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 572QJ
UT WOS:000275847600015
ER
PT J
AU Stephan, K
Jaumann, R
Wagner, R
Clark, RN
Cruikshank, DP
Hibbitts, CA
Roatsch, T
Hoffmann, H
Brown, RH
Filiacchione, G
Buratti, BJ
Hansen, GB
McCord, TB
Nicholson, PD
Baines, KH
AF Stephan, Katrin
Jaumann, Ralf
Wagner, Roland
Clark, Roger N.
Cruikshank, Dale P.
Hibbitts, Charles A.
Roatsch, Thomas
Hoffmann, Harald
Brown, Robert H.
Filiacchione, G.
Buratti, Bonnie J.
Hansen, Gary B.
McCord, Tom B.
Nicholson, Phil D.
Baines, Kevin H.
TI Dione's spectral and geological properties
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Saturn from Cassini-Huygens
CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2008
CL Imperial Coll, London, ENGLAND
HO Imperial Coll
DE Saturn; Satellites; Surfaces; Spectroscopy; Geological processes
ID HIGHLY CORRELATED IMAGES; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; WATER ICE; SATURNIAN
SATELLITES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CASSINI-VIMS; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY;
IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; PROTON IRRADIATION; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA
AB We present a detailed analysis of the variations in spectral properties across the surface of Saturn's satellite Dione using Cassini/VIMS data and their relationships to geological and/or morphological characteristics as seen in the Cassini/ISS images. This analysis focuses on a local region on Dione's anti-saturnian hemisphere that was observed by VIMS with high spatial resolution during orbit 16 in October 2005. The results are incorporated into a global context provided by VIMS data acquired within Cassini's first 50 orbits. Our results show that Dione's surface is dominated by at least one global process. Bombardment by magnetospheric particles is consistent with the concentration of dark material and enhanced CO2 absorption on the trailing hemisphere of Diane independent of the geology. Local regions within this terrain indicate a special kind of resurfacing that probably is related to large-scale impact process. In contrast, the enhanced ice signature on the leading side is associated with the extended ejecta of the fresh impact crater Creusa (similar to 49 degrees N/76 degrees W). Although no geologically active regions could be identified, Diane's tectonized regions observed with high spatial resolution partly show some clean H2O ice implying that tectonic processes could have continued into more recent times. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf; Wagner, Roland; Roatsch, Thomas; Hoffmann, Harald] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Jaumann, Ralf] Free Univ Berlin, FR Planetol & Fernerkundung, D-12249 Berlin, Germany.
[Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Cruikshank, Dale P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Hibbitts, Charles A.] JHU Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA.
[Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Filiacchione, G.] INAF IASF, Rome, Italy.
[Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Hansen, Gary B.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[McCord, Tom B.] Space Sci Inst, Winthrop, WA USA.
[Nicholson, Phil D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Stephan, K (reprint author), DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
EM Katrin.Stephan@dlr.de
RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016
OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391
NR 84
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 206
IS 2
BP 631
EP 652
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.036
PG 22
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 572QJ
UT WOS:000275847600021
ER
PT J
AU Sheehan, TF
Legault, CM
King, TL
Spidle, AP
AF Sheehan, Timothy F.
Legault, Christopher M.
King, Timothy L.
Spidle, Adrian P.
TI Probabilistic-based genetic assignment model: assignments to
subcontinent of origin of the West Greenland Atlantic salmon harvest
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic salmon; genetic stock identification; West Greenland
ID MIXED-STOCK FISHERIES; SALAR L.; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BALTIC SEA;
MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; MICROSATELLITE DNA; IDENTIFICATION; CATCHES;
ENVIRONMENT; GROWTH
AB A multistock Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fishery operates off the coast of West Greenland and harvests fish of North American and European origin. Annual landings peaked in 1971 at 2700 t, but declined to 22 t in 2003. Biological data are collected to characterize the catch and its stock composition. Multilocus genotypes, generated via microsatellite DNA analysis, are used to derive statistics on continent of origin and less accurate finer-scale assignments. We developed a probabilistic-based genetic assignment (PGA) model to estimate the contribution of salmon from individual North American rivers in the 2000-2003 West Greenland catch. Uncertainty associated with finer-scale assignments is addressed by incorporating estimated misclassification rates and by reporting results as distributions generated via Monte Carlo resampling. US-origin fish represented similar to 1% (by number) of the salmon harvested at West Greenland during the years 2000-2003. The resulting loss of spawners to this stock complex was approximately half the estimated adult returns in 2001, but was below 4% in the other 3 years. This is the first attempt to partition the US component of the West Greenland mixed-stock fishery to its finer parts. The approach can be used to identify the effects of fishing on individual stocks within any multistock complex where genetic samples of known origin are available.
C1 [Sheehan, Timothy F.; Legault, Christopher M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Spidle, Adrian P.] NW Indian Fisheries Commiss, Olympia, WA 98512 USA.
RP Sheehan, TF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM tim.sheehan@noaa.gov
NR 51
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 10
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 3
BP 537
EP 550
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp247
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 572HI
UT WOS:000275818300015
ER
PT J
AU Hackley, PC
SanFilipo, JR
Azizi, GP
Davis, PA
Starratt, SW
AF Hackley, Paul C.
SanFilipo, John R.
Azizi, Gul Pacha
Davis, Philip A.
Starratt, Scott W.
TI Organic petrology of subbituminous carbonaceous shale samples from
Chalaw, Kabul Province, Afghanistan: Considerations for paleoenvironment
and energy resource potential
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Coal and Organic Petrology
CY SEP 21-27, 2008
CL Oviedo, SPAIN
SP ICCP, TSOP, Inst Nacl Carbon, Lab Organ Petrol, Int Comm Coal & Organ Petrol, Soc Organ Petrol
DE Afghanistan; Coal utilization; Carbonaceous shale; Organic petrology;
Paleoenvironment; Subbituminous rank
ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; PEAT; COAL; SWAMP; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENT;
OPHIOLITES; CALIFORNIA; PALEOCENE; MANGROVES
AB Neogene (?) subbituminous carbonaceous shale deposits from Chalaw, Afghanistan, were investigated through organic petrology techniques and standard coal analyses to determine paleoenvironment and potential for resource utilization. The Chalaw deposit, approximately 30 km southeast of Kabul, currently is exploited for brick making and domestic heating and cooking. Three multiple-bench channel samples of the mined bed at Chalaw were collected and evaluated. The presence of significant huminite (ranging from 0.2 to 59.0 vol.%, mineral-inclusive basis) is suggestive of a terrestrial lignin-rich precursor plant material. Measured reflectance values of 0.38-0.55% indicate subbituminous rank. This rank suggests burial depths of approximately 1500 m and maximum temperatures of approximately 50 C. Structured liptinite macerals generally are absent except for some fluorescing morphologies interpreted to be poorly-preserved root cork suberinite. Sponge spicule bioliths including gemmoscleres and megascleres are common. These petrographic observations, in addition to high mineral matter content (33 to >95 vol.%), medium to high sulfur content (2.1-11.5 wt.%, dry basis; db), and the presence of common gastropod? shell fragments and an aragonite-needle chalk bed are consistent with, but not directly indicative of, a marginal marine or estuarine mangrove depositional environment. However, additional data are necessary to confirm this hypothesis and deposition in a freshwater environment cannot be ruled out at this time.
Commercial-scale development and utilization of the Chalaw deposit as a thermal fuel resource may be possible using a fluidized bed combustion system which could accept the low-quality mine product currently produced. Samples examined herein contain high-ash yield (45-90 wt.%, db), high total moisture content (1739 wt.%), low calorific value (980-6860 Btu/lb, m.mmf), and have poor agglomerating properties (FSI = 0), consistent with fuels utilized in fluidized bed combustors. However, delineation of the extent of the deposit through field investigation will be necessary to make a quantified resource estimate for mine planning. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hackley, Paul C.; SanFilipo, John R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Azizi, Gul Pacha] Afghanistan Geol Survey, Kabul, Afghanistan.
[Davis, Philip A.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Starratt, Scott W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Hackley, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM phackley@usgs.gov
OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551
NR 92
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-5162
EI 1872-7840
J9 INT J COAL GEOL
JI Int. J. Coal Geol.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 4
SI SI
BP 269
EP 280
DI 10.1016/j.coal.2009.12.007
PG 12
WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Energy & Fuels; Geology
GA 581XR
UT WOS:000276559600007
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, TL
Odei, JB
Hooten, MB
Edwards, TC
AF Wilson, Tammy L.
Odei, James B.
Hooten, Mevin B.
Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.
TI Hierarchical spatial models for predicting pygmy rabbit distribution and
relative abundance
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; MULTIPLE STATES; OCCUPANCY;
UNCERTAINTY; USA
AB P>1. Conservationists routinely use species distribution models to plan conservation, restoration and development actions, while ecologists use them to infer process from pattern. These models tend to work well for common or easily observable species, but are of limited utility for rare and cryptic species. This may be because honest accounting of known observation bias and spatial autocorrelation are rarely included, thereby limiting statistical inference of resulting distribution maps.
2. We specified and implemented a spatially explicit Bayesian hierarchical model for a cryptic mammal species (pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis). Our approach used two levels of indirect sign that are naturally hierarchical (burrows and faecal pellets) to build a model that allows for inference on regression coefficients as well as spatially explicit model parameters. We also produced maps of rabbit distribution (occupied burrows) and relative abundance (number of burrows expected to be occupied by pygmy rabbits). The model demonstrated statistically rigorous spatial prediction by including spatial autocorrelation and measurement uncertainty.
3. We demonstrated flexibility of our modelling framework by depicting probabilistic distribution predictions using different assumptions of pygmy rabbit habitat requirements.
4. Spatial representations of the variance of posterior predictive distributions were obtained to evaluate heterogeneity in model fit across the spatial domain. Leave-one-out cross-validation was conducted to evaluate the overall model fit.
5. Synthesis and applications. Our method draws on the strengths of previous work, thereby bridging and extending two active areas of ecological research: species distribution models and multi-state occupancy modelling. Our framework can be extended to encompass both larger extents and other species for which direct estimation of abundance is difficult.
C1 [Wilson, Tammy L.; Hooten, Mevin B.; Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildlife Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Wilson, Tammy L.; Hooten, Mevin B.; Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Odei, James B.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Edwards, Thomas C., Jr.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Wilson, TL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildlife Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM t.w@aggiemail.usu.edu
FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Bureau of Land Management; Natural
Resources Conservation Service; United States Forest Service; Rich
County Coordinated Resource Management Committee; Utah State University
Ecology Center
FX We thank our technicians and the landowners of the Duck Creek allotment.
Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Bureau of Land Management, Natural
Resources Conservation Service, United States Forest Service, Rich
County Coordinated Resource Management Committee and Utah State
University Ecology Center all provided funding or other support. This
paper was improved by comments from T. B. Murphy, D. N. Koons A. J.
Leffler, W. E. Thogmartin, P. M. Lukacs and an anonymous reviewer. The
use of trade or firm names is for reader information and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service.
NR 32
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8901
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 2
BP 401
EP 409
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01766.x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 565YI
UT WOS:000275334400019
ER
PT J
AU Olsen, GH
Ford, S
Perry, MC
Wells-Berlin, AM
AF Olsen, Glenn H.
Ford, Scott
Perry, Matthew C.
Wells-Berlin, Alicia M.
TI The Use of Emeraid Exotic Carnivore Diet Improves Postsurgical Recovery
and Survival of Long-tailed Ducks
SO JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Clangula hyemalis; Emerald; gavage feeding; long-tailed duck;
nutritional support; postsurgical care
ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; CANVASBACKS; BEHAVIOR; ANTENNAS
AB Gavage feeding is a commonly used technique in wildlife rehabilitation. While implanting satellite transmitters in long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis), a need for extra postsurgical nutritional support was identified. A new product, Emeraid Exotic Carnivore Diet, has proven effective in maintaining and even increasing the birds' body weights while in captivity. This has resulted in a 54-g increase in weight at release and better survival postrelease. Tips for mixing and using the new diet are included. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA.
Avian Specially Vet Serv Alaska, Poulsbo, WA USA.
RP Olsen, GH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12302 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM golsen@usgs.gov
FU Massachusetts Audubon Society; Seaduck Joint Venture
FX This report is part of two larger projects, one examining long-tailed
duck biology and the other investigating perioperative techniques
associated with intracoelomic implant surgery. The authors thank the
Massachusetts Audubon Society and the Seaduck Joint Venture for their
help and support for these long-tailed duck projects.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1557-5063
J9 J EXOT PET MED
JI J. Exot. Pet Med.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 2
BP 165
EP 168
DI 10.1053/j.jepm.2010.05.002
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 661DV
UT WOS:000282704300007
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, EL
Clabough, TS
Caudill, CC
Keefer, ML
Peery, CA
Richmond, MC
AF Johnson, E. L.
Clabough, T. S.
Caudill, C. C.
Keefer, M. L.
Peery, C. A.
Richmond, M. C.
TI Migration depths of adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in relation to
dissolved gas supersaturation in a regulated river system
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE behaviour; data storage tags; gas bubble disease; hydrostatic
compensation
ID SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; BUBBLE TRAUMA SIGNS; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE
SALMONIDS; SNAKE RIVERS; WATER; DOWNSTREAM; RATES; FISH; MORTALITY
AB Adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss tagged with archival transmitters primarily migrated through a large river corridor at depths > 2 m interspersed with frequent but short (< 5 min) periods closer to the surface. The recorded swimming depths and behaviours probably provided adequate hydrostatic compensation for the supersaturated dissolved gas conditions encountered and probably limited development of gas bubble disease (GBD). Results parallel those from a concurrent adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha study, except O. mykiss experienced greater seasonal variability and were more likely to have depth uncompensated supersaturation exposure in some dam tailraces, perhaps explaining the higher incidence of GBD in this species.
C1 [Johnson, E. L.; Clabough, T. S.; Caudill, C. C.; Keefer, M. L.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Peery, C. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA.
[Richmond, M. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM ejohnson@uidaho.edu
RI Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013; Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014
OI Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485;
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
FX Many people provided time and assistance during the course of this
study. We thank K. Tolotti, M. Jepson, S. Lee, R. Ringe, C. Boggs, T.
Goniea, M. Heinrich, B. High, D. Joosten, M. Morasch, T. Dick and B.
Winans at the University of Idaho for helping with field operations and
collection and processing telemetry data. A. Matter and B. Burke,
National Marine Fisheries Service, helped with data management and
analysis. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided funding for this
study.
NR 34
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 6
BP 1520
EP 1528
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02578.x
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 587OM
UT WOS:000277002100020
PM 20537031
ER
PT J
AU Song, ZW
Zhang, HL
Snyder, RL
Anderson, FE
Chen, F
AF Song, Z. W.
Zhang, H. L.
Snyder, R. L.
Anderson, F. E.
Chen, F.
TI Distribution and Trends in Reference Evapotranspiration in the North
China Plain
SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID REFERENCE CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; PAN EVAPORATION;
PENMAN-MONTEITH; INTERPOLATION; PARAMETERS; EQUATIONS; CLIMATE; REGION;
SOILS
AB The distribution and trends in reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are extremely important to water resources planning for agriculture, and it is widely believed that rates of ETo will increase with global warming. This is a big concern in China, where water deficits are common in the North China Plain (NCP). In this study, Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration at 26 meteorological stations during 1961-2006 in and around the NCP was calculated. The temporal variations and spatial distribution of ETo were analyzed and the causes for the variations were discussed. The results showed that: (1) the NCP was divided into two climatic regions based on aridity values: a semiarid region that accounts for 69% of the area and subhumid regions that made of the remaining area; (2) over the entire NCP, the highest annual ETo occurred in the central and western areas and the lowest total ETo was observed in the east. Comparing the mean monthly ETo and annual ETo distributions, the high ETo values from May through July mainly determined the annual ETo distribution; (3) for the whole NCP, annual ETo showed a statistically significant decrease of 11.92 mm/decade over the 46 years of data collection in the NCP or approximately a 5% total decrease compared to the ETo values in 1961; (4) to determine which variable has the greatest effect on the decrease in ETo, decadal changes were observed for daily values of maximum air temperature (+0.16 degrees C), minimum air temperature (+0.35 degrees C), net radiation (-0.13 MJ m(-2)), and mean wind speed (-0.09 m s(-1)). These results indicate that the decreasing net radiation and wind speed had a bigger impact on ETo rates than the increases observed by the maximum and minimum temperatures.
C1 [Zhang, H. L.; Chen, F.] China Agr Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
[Song, Z. W.] Minist Agr, Key Lab Farming Syst, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, H. L.; Chen, F.] Minist Agr, Key Lab Farming Syst, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
[Snyder, R. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Anderson, F. E.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
[Song, Z. W.] China Agr Univ, Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
RP Chen, F (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Rd, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
EM songzw@caas.net.cn; hailin@cau.edu.cn; rlsnyder@ucdavis.edu.cn;
fanders@usgs.gov; chenfu@cau.edu.cn
FU "948" Project of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture [2006-G52A-Q0]
FX This study was supported by the "948" Project of the Chinese Ministry of
Agriculture (Grant No. 2006-G52A-Q0). Thanks to the China Meteorological
Data Sharing Service System for providing us with the meteorological
data. We are grateful to Data-Sharing Network of Earth System Science
for providing the digital map. The writers also thank Dr. David M.
Sumner from USGS Florida and Dr. Minghua Zhang from University of
California, Davis for their helpful comments. H. L. Zhang is the cofirst
author of the manuscript.
NR 52
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 15
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9437
EI 1943-4774
J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG
JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 4
BP 240
EP 247
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000175
PG 8
WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources
GA 570GD
UT WOS:000275659400003
ER
PT J
AU Kotzerka, J
Garthe, S
Hatch, SA
AF Kotzerka, Jana
Garthe, Stefan
Hatch, Scott A.
TI GPS tracking devices reveal foraging strategies of Black-legged
Kittiwakes
SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Black-legged Kittiwake; Foraging; Gulf of Alaska; Rissa tridactyla;
Telemetry
ID RED-FOOTED BOOBY; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; NORTH-SEA; MARINE PREDATOR;
LONG-TERM; SEABIRDS; BEHAVIOR; ALBATROSSES; FLIGHT; GANNETS
AB The Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla is the most abundant gull species in the world, but some populations have declined in recent years, apparently due to food shortage. Kittiwakes are surface feeders and thus can compensate for low food availability only by increasing their foraging range and/or devoting more time to foraging. The species is widely studied in many respects, but long-distance foraging and the limitations of conventional radio telemetry have kept its foraging behavior largely out of view. The development of Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers is advancing rapidly. With devices as small as 8 g now available, it is possible to use this technology for tracking relatively small species of oceanic birds like kittiwakes. Here we present the first results of GPS telemetry applied to Black-legged Kittiwakes in 2007 in the North Pacific. All but one individual foraged in the neritic zone north of the island. Three birds performed foraging trips only close to the colony (within 13 km), while six birds had foraging ranges averaging about 40 km. The maximum foraging range was 59 km, and the maximum distance traveled was 165 km. Maximum trip duration was 17 h (mean 8 h). An apparently bimodal distribution of foraging ranges affords new insight on the variable foraging behaviour of Black-legged Kittiwakes. Our successful deployment of GPS loggers on kittiwakes holds much promise for telemetry studies on many other bird species of similar size and provides an incentive for applying this new approach in future studies.
C1 [Kotzerka, Jana; Garthe, Stefan] Univ Kiel, Res & Technol Ctr Westcoast Busum, D-25761 Busum, Germany.
[Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Kotzerka, J (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Res & Technol Ctr Westcoast Busum, Hafentorn 1, D-25761 Busum, Germany.
EM kotzerka@ftz-west.uni-kiel.de
FU German Science Foundation [DFG GA 617/5-1]; Alaska State and US Federal
Fish and Wildlife permits
FX This project was funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG GA
617/5-1). We thank Hilger Lemke for major assistance with the field work
and all others who helped us during the study on Middleton Island. Nele
Markones, Philipp Schwemmer and four anonymous reviewers made useful
comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Haglofs (R) sponsored
some of the equipment for this study. Our mention of trade names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S.
Government. The study was approved and carried out under Alaska State
and US Federal Fish and Wildlife permits.
NR 53
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 4
U2 31
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0021-8375
J9 J ORNITHOL
JI J. Ornithol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 151
IS 2
BP 459
EP 467
DI 10.1007/s10336-009-0479-y
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 576GH
UT WOS:000276131900023
ER
PT J
AU LaPointe, DA
Goff, ML
Atkinson, CT
AF LaPointe, Dennis A.
Goff, M. Lee
Atkinson, Carter T.
TI THERMAL CONSTRAINTS TO THE SPOROGONIC DEVELOPMENT AND ALTITUDINAL
DISTRIBUTION OF AVIAN MALARIA PLASMODIUM RELICTUM IN HAWAI'I
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CALCULATING DEGREE-DAYS; MAUNA-LOA VOLCANO; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY;
CULEX-TARSALIS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS;
DIPTERA; BIRDS
AB More than half of the Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae) known from historical records are now extinct. Introduced mosquito-borne disease, in particular the avian malaria Plasmodium relictum, has been incriminated as a leading cause of extinction during the 20th century and a major limiting factor in the recovery of remaining species populations. Today, most native Hawaiian bird species reach their highest densities and diversity in high elevation (>1,800 m above sea level) forests. We determined the thermal requirements for sporogonic development of P. relictum in the natural vector. Culex quinquefasciatus, and assessed the current distribution of native bird species in light of this information. Sporogonic development was completed at constant laboratory and mean field temperatures between 30 and 17 C, but development, prevalence, and intensity decreased significantly below 21 C. Using a degree-day (DD) model, we estimated a minimum threshold temperature of 12.97 C and a thermal requirement of 86.2 DD as necessary to complete development. Predicted (adiabatic lapse-rate) and observed summer threshold isotherm (13 C) correspond to the elevation of high forest refuges on the islands of Maui and Hawaii. Our data support the hypothesis that avian malaria currently restricts the attitudinal distribution of Hawaiian honeycreeper populations and provide an ecological explanation for the absence of disease at high elevation.
C1 [LaPointe, Dennis A.; Goff, M. Lee; Atkinson, Carter T.] USGS, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
RP LaPointe, DA (reprint author), USGS, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
EM dennis_lapointe@usgs.gov
OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Health Center; U.S.
Geological Survey
FX We thank Dr. Sylvia Kondo, D.M.V., for suggesting and demonstrating an
appropriate chemical restraint for ducklings. We also thank David Helweg
for useful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by a
grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Health
Center, Research Work Order 8 to the University of Hawaii, with
additional support from the Terrestrial Wildlife Program of the U.S.
Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this
publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 44
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 52
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 2
BP 318
EP 324
DI 10.1645/GE-2290.1
PG 7
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 610ZS
UT WOS:000278780600009
PM 20001096
ER
PT J
AU Jiao, JG
Ellis, EC
Yesilonis, I
Wu, JX
Wang, HQ
Li, HX
Yang, LZ
AF Jiao, Jiaguo
Ellis, Erle C.
Yesilonis, Ian
Wu, Junxi
Wang, Hongqing
Li, Huixin
Yang, Linzhang
TI Distributions of soil phosphorus in China's densely populated village
landscapes
SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE China; Land cover; Land form; Land use; Pollution; Soil phosphorus;
Village landscapes
ID LAND-USE; CARBON; RUNOFF; CULTIVATION; NITROGEN; IMAGERY; STOCKS
AB Village landscapes, which integrate small-scale agriculture with housing, forestry and a host of other land use practices, cover more than 2 x 10(6) km(2) across China. Village lands tend to be managed at very fine spatial scales (a parts per thousand currency sign30 m), with managers altering soil fertility and even terrain by terracing, irrigation, fertilizing, and other land use practices. Under these conditions, accumulation of excess phosphorous in soils has become important contributor to eutrophication of surface waters across China's densely populated village landscapes. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between fine-scale patterns of agricultural management and soil total phosphorus (STP) within China's village landscapes.
First, China's village landscapes were divided into five environmentally distinct regions across China. Within each region, a single 100 km(2) research site was then selected, and 12 500 x 500 m square landscape sample cells were selected for fine-scale mapping. Soils were sampled within fine-scale landscape features using a regionally weighted landscape sampling design.
STP stock across the 0.9 x 10(6) km(2) area of our five village regions was approximately 0.14 Pg (1 Pg = 10(15) g), with STP densities ranging from 0.08 kg m(-2) in Tropical Hilly Region to 0.22 kg m(-2) in North China Plain and Yangtze Plain, with village landscape STP density varying significantly with precipitation and temperature. Outside the Tropical Hilly Region, STP densities also varied significantly with land form, use, and cover. As expected, the highest STP densities were found in agricultural lands and in areas near buildings, while the lowest were in nonproductive lands and forestry lands. As a combined result of these high STP densities and the predominance of agricultural land use, most village STP stock was found in agricultural lands. A surprisingly large portion of village STP stock was associated with built structures and disturbed lands surrounding them (15.0% in North China Plain, 19.3% in Yangtze Plain, 5.9% in Sichuan Hilly Region, 7.8% in Subtropical Hilly Region, 2.7% in Tropical Hilly Region), which had a significant relationship with population density.
Our results demonstrated that local patterns of land management and human residence were associated with substantial differences in STP both within and across China's village landscapes which have increased their potential contribution to P pollution. With the rapid change in land use/land cover in China's densely populated landscapes, such information is essential for rational planning of future management to reach agricultural sustainability.
C1 [Jiao, Jiaguo; Yang, Linzhang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Jiao, Jiaguo; Li, Huixin] Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Resources & Environm Sci, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Ellis, Erle C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Yesilonis, Ian] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv,Baltimore Ecosyst Study, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA.
[Wu, Junxi] China Agr Univ, Dept Agron & Agroecol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Hongqing] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Yang, LZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM ece@umbc.edu; ianyes@hotmail.com; junxi.wu@gmail.com; wangh@usgs.gov;
huixinli@njau.edu.cn; lzyang@issas.ac.cn
OI Ellis, Erle/0000-0002-2006-3362; Wang, Hongqing/0000-0002-2977-7732
FU US National Science Foundation [DEB-0075617]
FX Funding support came from the US National Science Foundation
(DEB-0075617) awarded to Erle C. Ellis in 2000. Work in China was
conducted in collaboration with Prof. Lin Zhang Yang of the Institute of
Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing, China, Prof.
Hua Ouyang of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources
Research, CAS, Beijing, China and Prof. Xu Cheng of China Agricultural
University, Beijing, China. We are grateful to our local collaborators
for field assistance and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the
manuscript. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations
expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
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PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1439-0108
J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT
JI J. Soils Sediments
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 461
EP 472
DI 10.1007/s11368-009-0135-4
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture
GA 571XT
UT WOS:000275790400014
ER
PT J
AU Tang, XY
Liu, SG
Liu, JX
Zhou, GY
AF Tang, Xinyi
Liu, Shuguang
Liu, Juxiu
Zhou, Guoyi
TI Effects of vegetation restoration and slope positions on soil
aggregation and soil carbon accumulation on heavily eroded tropical land
of Southern China
SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aggregate soil organic carbon; Deposition; Erosion; Soil aggregation;
Soil organic carbon; Vegetation restoration
ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS;
EROSION; SIZE; IMPACTS; FOREST; SEQUESTRATION
AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation is strongly affected by soil erosion and deposition that differ at slope positions of a watershed. However, studies on the effects of topography on soil aggregation and SOC dynamics, especially after the implementation of vegetation restoration, are rare. Poorly understood mechanisms and a lack of quantification for the suite of ecological benefits brought by the impacts of topography after planting further obstructed our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. The purposes of this study are to (1) quantify the impacts of vegetation restoration on size and stability of soil aggregates and the sequestration of C in soil and (2) to address the impacts of various slope locations on aggregates and SOC distribution.
The experimental sites were set up in 1959 on a highly disturbed barren land in a tropical and coastal area of Guangdong province in South China. One site received human-induced vegetation restoration (the restored site), while the other received no planting and has remained as barren land (the barren site). The soil in the study sites was a latosol developed from granite. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm soil layer at shoulder and toe slope positions at both sites for comparisons. Soils were analyzed for proportion of soil macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm), the SOC in soil layers, and the aggregate soil organic carbon (AOC) at different aggregate sizes.
Measurements in 2007 showed that fractions of water stable macroaggregates in 0-40 cm at shoulder and toe slope ranged from 28% to 45%, about one third to one half of those of dry macroaggregates (91-95%) at the restored site. Soil macroaggregates were not detected at barren site in 2007. Average SOC storage in 0-40 cm soil layer of shoulder and toe slope positions at the restored site was 56.5 +/- 10.9 Mg C ha(-1), about 2.4 times of that (23.4 +/- 4.6 Mg C ha(-1)) at barren site in 2007. Since 1959, the soil aggregation and SOC storage are significantly improved at the restored site; opposite to that, soil physical and chemical quality has remained low on the barren land without planting. SOC storage in 0-40 cm at toe slope was 15.9 +/- 1.8 Mg C ha(-1), which is only half of that (30.9 +/- 9 Mg C ha(-1)) at shoulder slope of the barren site; this is opposite to the pattern found at restored site. The ratios of AOC in 0-20 cm to AOC in 20-40 cm at toe slope were lower than those at shoulder slope of the restored site. The comparison of organic carbon sequestered in soils at different slope positions suggest that soil aggregates played a role in sequestering C based upon landscape positions and soil profile depth as a consequence of soil erosion and deposition.
Results indicate that vegetation restoration and SOC accumulation significantly enhance soil aggregation, which in turn promotes further organic C accumulation in the aggregates via physical protection. Soil aggregation and soil C accumulation differed between slope positions. Soil aggregation was significantly enhanced in 0-20 cm layer and aggregates absorb C into deep layers in depositional environment (toe slope) under protection from human disturbances. The interactions of erosion-deposition, soil aggregates, and vegetation restoration play important roles on SOC accumulation and redistribution on land.
The positive feedback between SOC and soil aggregates should be evaluated for improving the quantification of the impacts of land use change, erosion, and deposition on the dynamics of SOC and soil structure under the global climate change.
C1 [Tang, Xinyi; Liu, Juxiu; Zhou, Guoyi] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Tang, Xinyi] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
RP Zhou, GY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, 723,Xingke Rd, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
EM gyzhou@scib.ac.cn
RI Liu, Juxiu/B-3400-2009
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30725006, 40730102];
National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421101]
FX This study was financially supported by National Natural Science
Foundation of China 30725006 and 40730102 and National Basic Research
Program of China 2009CB421101. We thank Prof. Zhian Li and Zuoyue Yu for
their help in field data collection.
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PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1439-0108
J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT
JI J. Soils Sediments
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 3
BP 505
EP 513
DI 10.1007/s11368-009-0122-9
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture
GA 571XT
UT WOS:000275790400018
ER
PT J
AU Page, WR
Gray, F
Iriondo, A
Miggins, D
Blodgett, RB
Maldonado, F
Miller, RJ
AF Page, William R.
Gray, Floyd
Iriondo, Alexander
Miggins, Daniel
Blodgett, Robert B.
Maldonado, Florian
Miller, Robert J.
TI Stratigraphy and Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic history of northern Sierra
Los Ajos and adjacent areas, Sonora, Mexico
SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Sierra Los Ajos; Sonora; Paleozoic rocks; Upper Cretaceous rocks;
Mesozoic-Cenozoic Tectonics; Cabullona basin; Laramide orogeny
ID SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA
AB Geologic mapping in the northern Sierra Los Ajos reveals new stratigraphic and structural data relevant to deciphering the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the range. The northern Sierra Los Ajos is cored by Proterozoic, Cambrian, Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian strata, equivalent respectively to the Pinal Schist, Bolsa Quartzite and Abrigo Limestone, Martin Formation, Escabrosa Limestone, and Horquilla Limestone. The Proterozoic-Paleozoic sequence is mantled by Upper Cretaceous rocks partly equivalent to the Fort Crittenden and Salero Formations in Arizona, and the Cabullona Group in Sonora, Mexico.
Absence of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Bisbee Group below the Upper Cretaceous rocks and above the Proterozoic-Paleozoic rocks indicates that the Sierra Los Ajos was part of the Cananea high, a topographic highland during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Deposition of Upper Cretaceous rocks directly on Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks indicates that the Sierra Los Ajos area had subsided as part of the Laramide Cabullona basin during Late Cretaceous time. Basal beds of the Upper Cretaceous sequence are clast-supported conglomerate composed locally of basement (Paleozoic) clasts. The conglomerate represents erosion of Paleozoic basement in the Sierra Los Ajos area coincident with development of the Cabullona basin.
The present-day Sierra Los Ajos reaches elevations of greater than 2600 m, and was uplifted during Tertiary basin-and-range extension. Upper Cretaceous rocks are exposed at higher elevations in the northern Sierra Los Ajos and represent an uplifted part of the inverted Cabullona basin. Tertiary uplift of the Sierra Los Ajos was largely accommodated by vertical movement along the north-to-northwest-striking Sierra Los Ajos fault zone flanking the west side of the range. This fault zone structurally controls the configuration of the headwaters of the San Pedro River basin, an important bi-national water resource in the US-Mexico border region. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Page, William R.; Miggins, Daniel; Maldonado, Florian] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Gray, Floyd] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Iriondo, Alexander] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Queretaro, Mexico.
[Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Miller, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Page, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rpage@usgs.gov
FU SEMARNAT
FX We gratefully appreciate the support of SEMARNAT staff members from
Cananea and Hermosillo, Sonora, during our studies in Sierra Los Ajos,
including Jose Mann Fuerra Limon, Jaime Rafael-Ruiz, and Juan Mario
Cirett Galan. Staff members not only provided us with access to the
mountain range, but also arranged living quarters and meals. Anita G.
Harris identified conodont faunas from Paleozoic rocks in Sierra Los
Ajos, and A.R. Palmer analyzed samples from the study area and provided
fossil reports describing trilobite faunas from the Cambrian Abrigo
Limestone. Rick Forester provided preliminary identification of
ostracods from Upper Cretaceous rocks in Sierra Los Ajos. We thank
Forrest G. Poole and David W. Moore who provided technical reviews and
helped to improve the manuscript. Carlos Gonzalez-Leon and Timothy F.
Lawton were very helpful by sharing their knowledge of the Cabullona
basin region with the authors which contributed to scientific
improvement of the manuscript.
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0895-9811
J9 J S AM EARTH SCI
JI J. South Am. Earth Sci.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 3
BP 557
EP 571
DI 10.1016/j.jsames.2009.11.008
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 606IL
UT WOS:000278417300002
ER
PT J
AU Speiran, GK
AF Speiran, Gary K.
TI Effects of Groundwater-Flow Paths On Nitrate Concentrations Across Two
Riparian Forest Corridors1
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE groundwater hydrology; evapotranspiration; recharge; biogeochemical;
nutrients; nitrate; denitrification; forest; riparian forest buffer;
riparian corridor
ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; WATER-QUALITY; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F;
HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; RHINE FLOODPLAIN; DATING TOOLS; SOIL SURVEYS;
DENITRIFICATION; REMOVAL; FRANCE
AB Groundwater levels, apparent age, and chemistry from field sites and groundwater-flow modeling of hypothetical aquifers collectively indicate that groundwater-flow paths contribute to differences in nitrate concentrations across riparian corridors. At sites in Virginia (one coastal and one Piedmont), lowland forested wetlands separate upland fields from nearby surface waters (an estuary and a stream). At the coastal site, nitrate concentrations near the water table decreased from more than 10 mg/l beneath fields to 2 mg/l beneath a riparian forest buffer because recharge through the buffer forced water with concentrations greater than 5 mg/l to flow deeper beneath the buffer. Diurnal changes in groundwater levels up to 0.25 meters at the coastal site reflect flow from the water table into unsaturated soil where roots remove water and nitrate dissolved in it. Decreases in aquifer thickness caused by declines in the water table and decreases in horizontal hydraulic gradients from the uplands to the wetlands indicate that more than 95% of the groundwater discharged to the wetlands. Such discharge through organic soil can reduce nitrate concentrations by denitrification. Model simulations are consistent with field results, showing downward flow approaching toe slopes and surface waters to which groundwater discharges. These effects show the importance of buffer placement over use of fixed-width, streamside buffers to control nitrate concentrations.
C1 US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA 23228 USA.
RP Speiran, GK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1730 E Parham Rd, Richmond, VA 23228 USA.
EM gspeiran@usgs.gov
FU Accomack/Northampton Planning District Commission; Virginia Department
of Environmental Quality; Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department;
USGS Cooperative
FX The studies have been funded by numerous cooperators including the
Accomack/Northampton Planning District Commission, the Virginia
Department of Environmental Quality, the Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance
Department, the USGS Cooperative Funding Program, and the USGS Priority
Ecosystem Program. Field studies have been supported by numerous USGS
past and current employees; their efforts are greatly appreciated.
Appreciation also is expressed to Judy Okay and Scott Ator who reviewed
the manuscript as part of the USGS review and the three anonymous
reviewers for the journal; their constructive ideas truly strengthened
this article.
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 2
BP 246
EP 260
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00427
PG 15
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 577KY
UT WOS:000276223200005
ER
PT J
AU Vidon, P
Allan, C
Burns, D
Duval, TP
Gurwick, N
Inamdar, S
Lowrance, R
Okay, J
Scott, D
Sebestyen, S
AF Vidon, Philippe
Allan, Craig
Burns, Douglas
Duval, Tim P.
Gurwick, Noel
Inamdar, Shreeram
Lowrance, Richard
Okay, Judy
Scott, Durelle
Sebestyen, Steve
TI Hot Spots and Hot Moments in Riparian Zones: Potential for Improved
Water Quality Management1
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE riparian zones; hot spots; hot moments; nitrate; phosphorus; carbon;
pesticides; mercury; transport and fate; watershed management;
contaminant removal
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NET METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; BOREAL FOREST
CATCHMENTS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; DESERT STREAM ECOSYSTEM;
MASS-BALANCE APPROACH; GRASSED BUFFER STRIP; NITRATE REMOVAL;
FRESH-WATER; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS
AB Biogeochemical and hydrological processes in riparian zones regulate contaminant movement to receiving waters and often mitigate the impact of upland sources of contaminants on water quality. These heterogeneous processes have recently been conceptualized as "hot spots and moments" of retention, degradation, or production. Nevertheless, studies investigating the importance of hot phenomena (spots and moments) in riparian zones have thus far largely focused on nitrogen (N) despite compelling evidence that a variety of elements, chemicals, and particulate contaminant cycles are subject to the influence of both biogeochemical and transport hot spots and moments. In addition to N, this review summarizes current knowledge for phosphorus, organic matter, pesticides, and mercury across riparian zones, identifies variables controlling the occurrence and magnitude of hot phenomena in riparian zones for these contaminants, and discusses the implications for riparian zone management of recognizing the importance of hot phenomena in annual solute budgets at the watershed scale. Examples are presented to show that biogeochemical process-driven hot spots and moments occur along the stream/riparian zone/upland interface for a wide variety of constituents. A basic understanding of the possible co-occurrence of hot spots and moments for a variety of contaminants in riparian systems will increase our understanding of the influence of riparian zones on water quality and guide management strategies to enhance nutrient or pollutant removal at the landscape scale.
C1 [Vidon, Philippe] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
[Allan, Craig] UNC Charlotte, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28037 USA.
[Burns, Douglas] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Duval, Tim P.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L9S 4L8, Canada.
[Inamdar, Shreeram] Univ Delaware, Bioresources Engn Dept, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Lowrance, Richard] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA.
[Okay, Judy] Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA.
[Scott, Durelle] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Sebestyen, Steve] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA.
RP Vidon, P (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
EM pvidon@iupui.edu
RI inamdar, shreeram/B-7433-2009; Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Sebestyen,
Stephen/D-1238-2013
OI Sebestyen, Stephen/0000-0002-6315-0108
FU NSF [EAR-0741781]
FX This work was supported by NSF EAR-0741781 to P. Vidon and C. Allan, and
is the result of the workshop "Generalizing Riparian Zone Function at
the Landscape Scale: New Tools, New Approaches, Gaps in Knowledge and
Future Research Directions," held during January 28 to 30, 2008, in
Indianapolis, Indiana. We thank all participants of the workshop who
shared research findings and provided insights that contributed to the
development of this article. P. Jones provided cartographic assistance.
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PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 2
BP 278
EP 298
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00420.x
PG 21
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 577KY
UT WOS:000276223200007
ER
PT J
AU Claggett, PR
Okay, JA
Stehman, SV
AF Claggett, Peter R.
Okay, Judy A.
Stehman, Stephen V.
TI Monitoring Regional Riparian Forest Cover Change Using Stratified
Sampling and Multiresolution Imagery1
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE riparian forest buffer; Chesapeake Bay; land use change; probability
sampling
ID LAND-COVER; UNITED-STATES; WATERSHEDS; ACCURACY; DATABASE; BUFFERS
AB The Chesapeake Bay watershed encompasses 165,760 km2 of land area with 464,098 km of rivers and streams. As part of the Chesapeake Bay restoration effort, state and federal partners have committed to restoring 26,000 miles (41,843 km) of riparian forest buffers. Monitoring trends in riparian forest buffers over large areas is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these restoration efforts. A sampling approach for estimating change in riparian forest cover from 1993/1994 to 2005 was developed and implemented in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, to exemplify a method that could be applied throughout the Bay watershed. All stream reaches in the county were stratified using forest cover change derived from Landsat imagery. A stratified random sample of 219 reaches was selected and forest cover change within the riparian buffer of each sampled reach was interpreted from high-resolution aerial photography. The estimated footprint of gross change in riparian forest cover (i.e., the sum of gross gain and gross loss) for the county was 1.83% (SE = 0.22%). Stratified sampling taking advantage of a priori knowledge of locations of change proved to be a practical and efficient protocol for estimating riparian forest buffer change at the county scale and the protocol would readily extend to much broader scale monitoring.
C1 [Claggett, Peter R.] US Geol Survey, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA.
[Okay, Judy A.] Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA.
[Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
RP Claggett, PR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 410 Severn Ave,Suite 109, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA.
EM pclaggett@usgs.gov
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1093-474X
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 2
BP 334
EP 343
DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00424.x
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 577KY
UT WOS:000276223200011
ER
PT J
AU Tichy, L
Chytry, M
Hajek, M
Talbot, SS
Botta-Dukat, Z
AF Tichy, Lubomir
Chytry, Milan
Hajek, Michal
Talbot, Stephen S.
Botta-Dukat, Zoltan
TI OptimClass: Using species-to-cluster fidelity to determine the optimal
partition in classification of ecological communities
SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Cluster analysis; Cover transformation; Dendrogram; Optimal number of
clusters; Ordinal clustering; Resemblance measures; Stopping rules;
TWINSPAN
ID VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION; PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION; POOL
HYPOTHESIS; CENTRAL-EUROPE; CHARACTERS; STRATEGIES; GRADIENT; PH
AB Question
Community ecologists are often confronted with multiple possible partitions of a single set of records of species composition and/or abundances from several sites. Different methods of numerical classification produce different results, and the question is which of them, and how many clusters, should be selected for interpretation. We demonstrate a new method for identifying the optimal partition from a series of partitions of the same set of sites, based on number of species with high fidelity to clusters in a partition (faithful species).
Methods
The new method, OptimClass, has two variants. OptimClass 1 searches the partition with the maximum number of faithful species across all clusters, while OptimClass 2 searches the partition with the maximum number of clusters that contain at least a preselected minimum number of faithful species. Faithful species are determined based on the P value of the Fisher's exact test, as a measure of fidelity. OptimClass was tested on three vegetation datasets that varied in species richness and internal heterogeneity, using several classification algorithms, resemblance measures and cover transformations.
Results
Results from both variants of OptimClass depended on the preselected threshold P value for faithful species: higher P gave higher probability that a partition with more clusters was selected as optimal. Good partitions, in terms of OptimClass criteria, involved flexible beta clustering, and also ordinal clustering. Good partitions were also obtained with TWINSPAN when the required number of clusters was small, or UPGMA when the required number of clusters was large. Poor partitions usually resulted from classifications that used resemblance measures and cover transformations emphasizing differences in species cover; this is not unexpected because OptimClass uses a presence/absence-based fidelity measure.
Conclusions
If the aim of a classification is to obtain clusters rich in faithful species, which can be subsequently used as diagnostic species for identification of community types, OptimClass is a suitable method for simultaneous choice of the optimal classification algorithm and optimal number of clusters. It can be computed in the JUICE program.
C1 [Tichy, Lubomir; Chytry, Milan; Hajek, Michal] Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
[Hajek, Michal] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Bot, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic.
[Talbot, Stephen S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Botta-Dukat, Zoltan] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Bot, H-2163 Vacratot, Hungary.
RP Tichy, L (reprint author), Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Kotlarska 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
EM tichy@sci.muni.cz; chytry@sci.muni.cz; hajek@sci.muni.cz;
stephen_talbot@fws.gov; bdz@botanika.hu
RI Botta Dukat, Zoltan/E-3469-2010; Hajek, Michal/H-1648-2014; Botta-Dukat,
Zoltan/B-2911-2015; Chytry, Milan/J-4954-2012
OI Botta-Dukat, Zoltan/0000-0002-9544-3474; Chytry,
Milan/0000-0002-8122-3075
FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM0021622416]; Czech
Science Foundation [206/09/0329]
FX We thank Miquel De Caceres, Meelis Partel and Janos Podani for their
helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. This study was
supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic
(MSM0021622416) and the Czech Science Foundation (206/09/0329).
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1100-9233
J9 J VEG SCI
JI J. Veg. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 2
BP 287
EP 299
DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01143.x
PG 13
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 559FX
UT WOS:000274809500008
ER
PT J
AU Mastin, LG
Guffanti, M
Servranckx, R
Webley, P
Barsotti, S
Dean, K
Durant, A
Ewert, JW
Neri, A
Rose, WI
Schneider, D
Siebert, L
Stunder, B
Swanson, G
Tupper, A
Volentik, A
Waythomas, CF
AF Mastin, L. G.
Guffanti, M.
Servranckx, R.
Webley, P.
Barsotti, S.
Dean, K.
Durant, A.
Ewert, J. W.
Neri, A.
Rose, W. I.
Schneider, D.
Siebert, L.
Stunder, B.
Swanson, G.
Tupper, A.
Volentik, A.
Waythomas, C. F.
TI A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to
models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions
(vol 188, pg 1, 2009)
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Mastin, L. G.; Ewert, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
[Guffanti, M.] US Geol Survey Reston, Reston, VA USA.
[Servranckx, R.] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Webley, P.; Dean, K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Barsotti, S.; Neri, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
[Durant, A.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
[Rose, W. I.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Engn Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Schneider, D.; Waythomas, C. F.] USGS Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Siebert, L.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Stunder, B.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Swanson, G.] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Volentik, A.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Tupper, A.] Bur Meteorol, Casuarina, NT, Australia.
RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM lgmastin@usgs.gov
RI Neri, Augusto/A-1623-2009; Durant, Adam/C-7883-2014; Webley,
Peter/F-8238-2015; Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016
OI Neri, Augusto/0000-0002-3536-3624; Durant, Adam/0000-0002-0198-7332;
Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151;
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 191
IS 3-4
BP 245
EP 245
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.10.013
PG 1
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 583CS
UT WOS:000276651100008
ER
PT J
AU Work, TM
Balazs, GH
AF Work, Thierry M.
Balazs, George H.
TI PATHOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEA TURTLES LANDED AS BYCATCH IN THE
HAWAII-BASED NORTH PACIFIC PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Drowning; fisheries; green turtle; longline; olive ridley turtle;
pathology; pelagic
ID CHELONIA MYDAS AGASSIZII; CARETTA-CARETTA; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA;
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENTS; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; MORTALITY; LUNG;
ARCHIPELAGO; SURVIVAL; OCEAN
AB We examined the gross and microscopic pathology and distribution of sea turtles that were landed as bycatch from the Hawaii, USA based pelagic longline fishery and known to be forced submerged. Olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys otivacea) composed the majority of animals examined, and hook-induced perforation of the esophagus was the most common gross lesion followed by perforation of oral structures (tongue, canthus) and of flippers. Gross pathology in the lungs suggestive of drowning was seen in 23 of 71 turtles. Considering only the external gross findings, the pathologist and the observer on board the longline vessel agreed on hook-induced lesions only 60% of the time thereby illustrating the limitations of depending on external examination alone to implicate hooking interactions or drowning as potential cause of sea turtle mortality. When comparing histology of drowned turtles to a control group of nondrowned turtles, the former had significantly more pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and sloughed columnar epithelium. These microscopic changes may prove useful to diagnose suspected drowning in sea turtles where history of hooking or netting interactions is unknown.
C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
[Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
EM thierry_work@usgs.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service; US Geological Survey
FX We thank Bob Braun, Bob Morris, Yonat Swimmer, Stacy Hargrove, and
George Antonelis for providing constructive comments on the manuscript.
This work was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the US
Geological Survey.
NR 44
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 8
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 2
BP 422
EP 432
PG 11
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 593DA
UT WOS:000277431200009
PM 20688635
ER
PT J
AU Work, TM
Klavitter, JL
Reynolds, MH
Blehert, D
AF Work, Thierry M.
Klavitter, John L.
Reynolds, Michelle H.
Blehert, David
TI AVIAN BOTULISM: A CASE STUDY IN TRANSLOCATED ENDANGERED LAYSAN DUCKS
(ANAS LAYSANENSIS) ON MIDWAY ATOLL
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas laysanensis; botulism; Clostridium botulinum; endemic island
waterfowl; Laysan teal; waterfowl disease
ID ECHINURIA-UNCINATA NEMATODA; C BOTULISM; WATERFOWL; MORTALITY; DISEASE;
ISLAND; OUTBREAKS; WETLANDS; HAWAII; TEAL
AB Laysan Ducks are endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago and are one of the world's most endangered waterfowl. For 150 yr, Laysan Ducks were restricted to an estimated 4 km(2) of land on Laysan Island in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. In 2004 and 2005, 42 Laysan Ducks were translocated to Midway Atoll, and the population increased to approximately 200 by 2007. In August 2008, mortality due to botulism type C was identified, and 181 adult, fledgling, and duckling carcasses were collected from August to October. Diseased birds were (build on two islands within Midway Atoll at multiple wetlands; however, one wetland contributed most carcasses. The epidemic was discovered approximately 14-21 days after the mortality started and lasted for 50 additional days. The details of this epidemic highlight the disease risk to birds restricted to small island populations and the challenges associated with managing newly translocated endangered species. Frequent population monitoring for early disease detection and comprehensive wetland monitoring and management will be needed to manage avian botulism in endangered Laysan Ducks. Vaccination may also be beneficial to reduce mortality in this small, geographically closed population.
C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
[Klavitter, John L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
[Reynolds, Michelle H.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA.
[Blehert, David] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
EM thierry_work@usgs.gov
RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015
OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090
NR 32
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 6
U2 22
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
EI 1943-3700
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 2
BP 499
EP 506
PG 8
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 593DA
UT WOS:000277431200016
PM 20688642
ER
PT J
AU Sleeman, JM
Magura, K
Howell, J
Rohm, J
Murphy, LA
AF Sleeman, Jonathan M.
Magura, Karl
Howell, Jay
Rohm, John
Murphy, Lisa A.
TI HEPATIC MINERAL VALUES OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS)
FROM VIRGINIA
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Copper; hepatic minerals; Odocoileus virginianus; selenium; Virginia;
white-tailed deer; zinc
ID SELENIUM STATUS; TULE ELK; COPPER; POPULATION; DEFICIENCY; CALIFORNIA;
MOLYBDENUM
AB There is a lack of information on mineral requirements of free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). In addition, mineral deficiencies or excesses may play a role in the development of parasitism/malnutrition syndrome. We measured hepatic mineral values in apparently healthy white-tailed deer from two sites in Virginia, USA, as well as in deer with presumptive parasitism/malnutrition syndrome during 2005-2007. Deer with presumptive parasitism/malnutrition syndrome that were displaying signs of emaciation and chronic diarrhea had significantly higher mean hepatic levels of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) compared with healthy deer. Healthy deer in our study from northern Virginia, USA (i.e., Fairfax, Fauquier, Loudoun, and Prince William counties) had significantly lower mean hepatic selenium (Se) levels compared with deer from Nottoway County, Virginia, USA, which is 200 km distant. Healthy deer from northern Virginia, USA, also had significantly lower mean hepatic cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and molybdenum (Mo) levels. Adult deer had significantly, higher mean levels of hepatic iron (Fe) compared with fawns. In addition, male deer had significantly higher mean hepatic Co levels compared with female deer. The significantly higher mean (+/- SD) level of Zn in sick deer from northern Virginia, USA (78.7 +/- 54.9 mu g/g versus 35.8 +/- 7.4 mu g/g in healthy deer) is potentially clinically significant, although no signs consistent with Zn poisoning were observed. All deer in our study from northern Virginia, USA, had marginal or deficient levels Of Cu (mean +/- SD=27.4 +/- 18.3 mu g/g) and Se (mean=0.08 +/- 0.03 mu g/g), which may be predisposing this population to the development of parasitism/malnutrition syndrome.
C1 [Magura, Karl] Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Warrenton Reg Anim Hlth Lab, Warrenton, VA 20186 USA.
[Murphy, Lisa A.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, New Bolton Ctr Toxicol Lab, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA.
[Sleeman, Jonathan M.; Howell, Jay; Rohm, John] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA 23230 USA.
RP Sleeman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM jsleeman@usgs.gov
RI Murphy, Lisa/I-6926-2012
OI Murphy, Lisa/0000-0002-2053-6676
FU Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act [WE-99]; New Bolton Center
Toxicology Laboratory
FX We thank the field biologists of the Virginia Department of Game and
Inland Fisheries for assistance with sample collection. We also thank
Sky Meadows State Park and Fort Pickett for permission to conduct the
study. This project was funded by Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration
Act under Project WE-99, administered by the Virginia Department of Game
and inland Fisheries, and the New Bolton Center Toxicology Laboratory.
NR 21
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 10
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 2
BP 525
EP 531
PG 7
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 593DA
UT WOS:000277431200019
PM 20688645
ER
PT J
AU Twedt, DJ
Somershoe, SG
Hazler, KR
Cooper, RJ
AF Twedt, Daniel J.
Somershoe, Scott G.
Hazler, Kirsten R.
Cooper, Robert J.
TI Landscape and Vegetation Effects on Avian Reproduction on Bottomland
Forest Restorations
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE afforestation; avian colonization; edge effects; grassland birds;
landscape effects; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; nest success;
reforestation; restoration; silvicolous birds
ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS;
CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NEST SUCCESS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CRP
FIELDS; HARDWOOD REFORESTATION; SPIZA-AMERICANA; MIGRATORY BIRDS;
ABUNDANCE
AB Forest restoration has been undertaken on >200,000 ha of agricultural land in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA, during the past few decades. Decisions on where and how to restore bottomland forests are complex and dependent upon landowner objectives, but for conservation of silvicolous (forest-dwelling) birds, ecologists have espoused restoration through planting a diverse mix of densely spaced seedlings that includes fast-growing species. Application of this planting strategy on agricultural tracts that are adjacent to extant forest or within landscapes that are predominately forested has been advocated to increase forest area and enhance forested landscapes, thereby benefiting area-sensitive, silvicolous birds. We measured support for these hypothesized benefits through assessments of densities of breeding birds and reproductive success of 9 species on 36 bottomland forest restoration sites. Densities of thamnic (shrub-scrub dwelling) and silvicolous birds, such as yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens), indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea), and white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) were positively associated with 1) taller trees, 2) greater stem densities, and 3) a greater proportion of forest within the landscape, whereas densities of birds associated with grasslands, such as dickcissel (Spiza americana) and red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), were negatively associated with these variables. Vegetation structure, habitat edge, and temporal effects had greater influence on nest success than did landscape effects. Taller trees, increased density of woody stems, greater vegetation density, and more forest within the landscape were often associated with greater nest success. Nest success of grassland birds was positively related to distance from forest edge but, for thamnic birds, success was greater near edges. Moreover, nest success and estimated fecundity of thamnic species suggested their populations are self-sustaining on forest restoration sites, whereas these sites are likely population sinks for grassland and open-woodland species. We recommend restoration strategies that promote rapid development of dense forest stands within largely forested landscapes to recruit breeding populations of thamnic and silvicolous birds that have reproductive success sufficient to sustain their populations.
C1 [Twedt, Daniel J.; Somershoe, Scott G.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
[Hazler, Kirsten R.; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, POB 40747, Nashville, TN 37204 USA.
EM dtwedt@usgs.gov
OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045
FU United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife
Service; United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources
Conservation Service; University of Georgia
FX Support for this project was provided by United States Geological
Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States
Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, and
University of Georgia. We thank A. Yamamuro, P. Wing, J. Young, A.
Rozelle, M. Hunt, M. Huskey, J. Lin, M. Harris, L. Estes, K. Wakelee, M.
Sorrels, and C. Faison for field assistance. We thank United States Fish
and Wildlife Service and Mississippi Department of Wildlife Fisheries
and Parks for providing access to study sites. We are especially
indebted to private landowners who graciously allowed us access to their
properties. This paper was improved by reviews from B. Mitchell and J.
Hatfield.
NR 68
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 3
BP 423
EP 436
DI 10.2193/2008-563
PG 14
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 574BU
UT WOS:000275964200008
ER
PT J
AU Pearse, AT
Krapu, GL
Brandt, DA
Kinzel, PJ
AF Pearse, Aaron T.
Krapu, Gary L.
Brandt, David A.
Kinzel, Paul J.
TI Changes in Agriculture and Abundance of Snow Geese Affect Carrying
Capacity of Sandhill Cranes in Nebraska
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE agriculture; corn; Grus canadensis; Nebraska; Platte River; sandhill
cranes; spring migration; waterfowl
ID PLATTE RIVER; LESSER SNOW; HABITAT USE; WASTE CORN; VALLEY; ENERGETICS;
WATERFOWL; ECOLOGY
AB The central Platte River valley (CPRV) in Nebraska, USA, is a key spring-staging area for approximately 80% of the midcontinent population of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis; hereafter cranes). Evidence that staging cranes acquired less lipid reserves during the 1990s compared to the late 1970s and increases in use of the CPRV by snow geese (Chen caerulescens) prompted us to investigate availability of waste corn and quantify spatial and temporal patterns of crane and waterfowl use of the region. We developed a predictive model to assess impacts of changes in availability of corn and snow goose abundance under past, present, and potential future conditions. Over a hypothetical 60-day staging period, predicted energy demand of cranes and waterfowl increased 87% between the late 1970s and 1998-2007, primarily because peak abundances of snow geese increased by 650,000 and cranes by 110,000. Compared to spring 1979, corn available when cranes arrived was 20% less in 1998 and 68% less in 1999; consequently, the area of cornfields required to meet crane needs increased from 14,464 ha in 1979 to 32,751 ha in 1998 and 90,559 ha in 1999. Using a pooled estimate of 88 kg/ha from springs 1998-1999 and 2005-2007, the area of cornfields needed to supply food requirements of cranes and waterfowl increased to 65,587 ha and was greatest in the eastern region of the CPRV, where an estimated 54% of cranes, 47% of Canada geese (Branta canadensis), 45% of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons), and 46% of snow geese occurred during ground surveys. We estimated that a future reduction of 25% in available corn or cornfields would increase daily foraging flight distances of cranes by 27-38%. Crane use and ability of cranes to store lipid reserves in the CPRV could be reduced substantially if flight distance required to locate adequate corn exceeded a physiological maximum distance cranes could fly in search of food. Options to increase carrying capacity for cranes include increasing accessibility of cornfields by restoring degraded river channels to disperse roosting cranes and increasing wetland availability in the Rainwater Basin to attract snow geese using the CPRV.
C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Krapu, Gary L.; Brandt, David A.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Kinzel, Paul J.] US Geol Survey, Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA.
RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM apearse@usgs.gov
OI Kinzel, Paul/0000-0002-6076-9730; Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556
FU Central Flyway Council; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Rainwater
Basin Joint Venture; Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District;
USFWS-Ecological Services Office in Grand Island, Nebraska; USGS-Platte
River Priority Ecosystems Study
FX We thank the Central Flyway Council, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission,
Rainwater Basin Joint Venture, Rainwater Basin Wetland Management
District, USFWS-Ecological Services Office in Grand Island, Nebraska,
and USGS-Platte River Priority Ecosystems Study for funding and in-kind
assistance. We thank M. H. Sherfy and M. J. Anteau for sharing
waste-corn availability data in the CPRV. We received assistance during
fieldwork from numerous assistants and individuals with the Nebraska
Game and Parks Commission (C. Rundstrom, R. Meduna, W. Jobman, D.
Carlson, and E. Wilson) and USFWS-Ecological Services Office in Grand
Island, Nebraska (J. Runge and M. Schwarz). B. D. Dugger, J. Giroux, W.
E. Newton, and K. J. Reinecke reviewed earlier versions of this
manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States
Government.
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U1 4
U2 34
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 3
BP 479
EP 488
DI 10.2193/2008-539
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 574BU
UT WOS:000275964200013
ER
PT J
AU Olah-Hemmings, V
Jaeger, JR
Sredl, MJ
Schlaepfer, MA
Jennings, RD
Drost, CA
Bradford, DF
Riddle, BR
AF Olah-Hemmings, V.
Jaeger, J. R.
Sredl, M. J.
Schlaepfer, M. A.
Jennings, R. D.
Drost, C. A.
Bradford, D. F.
Riddle, B. R.
TI Phylogeography of declining relict and lowland leopard frogs in the
desert Southwest of North America
SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Lithobates; mitochondrial DNA; Mojave Desert; population structure; Rana
onca; Rana yavapaiensis; Sonoran Desert
ID RANA-PIPIENS COMPLEX; SPECIES GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS;
PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-GROWTH;
NEOGENE VICARIANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DIVERGENCE; EVOLUTION; SOFTWARE
AB We investigated the phylogeography of the closely related relict leopard frog Rana onca (=Lithobates onca) and lowland leopard frog Rana yavapaiensis (=Lithobates yavapaiensis) - two declining anurans from the warm-desert regions of south-western North America. We used sequence data from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to assess 276 individuals representing 30 sites from across current distributions. Our analysis supports a previously determined phylogenetic break between these taxa, and we found no admixing of R. onca and R. yavapaiensis haplotypes within our extensive sampling of sites. Our phylogeographic assessment, however, further divided R. yavapaiensis into two distinct mtDNA lineages, one representing populations across Arizona and northern Mexico and the other a newly discovered population within the western Grand Canyon, Arizona. Estimates of sequence evolution indicate a possible Early Pleistocene divergence of R. onca and R. yavapaiensis, followed by a Middle Pleistocene separation of the western Grand Canyon population of R. yavapaiensis from the main R. yavapaiensis clade. Phylogeographic and demographic analyses indicate population or range expansion for R. yavapaiensis within its core distribution that appears to predate the latest glacial maximum. Species distribution models under current and latest glacial climatic conditions suggest that R. onca and R. yavapaiensis may not have greatly shifted ranges.
C1 [Olah-Hemmings, V.; Jaeger, J. R.; Riddle, B. R.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Jaeger, J. R.] Univ Nevada, Publ Lands Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Sredl, M. J.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Nongame Branch, Phoenix, AZ USA.
[Schlaepfer, M. A.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
[Jennings, R. D.] Western New Mexico Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Silver City, NM USA.
[Drost, C. A.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Bradford, D. F.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
RP Jaeger, JR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
EM jef.jaeger@unlv.edu
RI Munguia-Vega, Adrian/G-8417-2012
FU Clark County Desert Conservation Program; Southern Nevada Public Lands
Management Act [2005-UNLV-575-P]
FX We are grateful to Julio Lemos-Espinal, Lisa Gelczis, Stephen Hale,
David Hillis and James Rorabaugh for samples or for their assistance
with sampling, to Lois Alexander, Robert Bryson Jr, Tereza Jezkova and
Simon Ho for valuable assistance and discussion, and to Matthew Graham
for work on the SDMs. This research was supported, in part, by the Clark
County Desert Conservation Program and funded by Southern Nevada Public
Lands Management Act (as project # 2005-UNLV-575-P to J.R.J.) under
efforts to implement or develop the Clark County Multiple Species
Habitat Conservation Plan. Further support was provided by grants to
V.O-H. from the Graduate and Professional Student Association,
University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) and from a Major Research
Instrumentation Grant DBI-0421519 to UNLV provided by the National
Science Foundation.
NR 67
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 19
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0952-8369
J9 J ZOOL
JI J. Zool.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 280
IS 4
BP 343
EP 354
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00667.x
PG 12
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 571OH
UT WOS:000275763000004
ER
PT J
AU Goodenough, KM
Thomas, RJ
De Waele, B
Key, RM
Schofield, DI
Bauer, W
Tucker, RD
Rafahatelo, JM
Rabarimanana, M
Ralison, AV
Randriamananjara, T
AF Goodenough, K. M.
Thomas, R. J.
De Waele, B.
Key, R. M.
Schofield, D. I.
Bauer, W.
Tucker, R. D.
Rafahatelo, J. -M.
Rabarimanana, M.
Ralison, A. V.
Randriamananjara, T.
TI Post-collisional magmatism in the central East African Orogen: The
Maevarano Suite of north Madagascar
SO LITHOS
LA English
DT Article
DE Madagascar; Maevarano Suite; Post-collisional magmatism; East African
Orogen
ID WEST-CENTRAL MADAGASCAR; ARABIAN-NUBIAN SHIELD; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY;
A-TYPE GRANITOIDS; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; STRATOID GRANITES; ANTARCTIC
OROGEN; BEMARIVO BELT; ITREMO-GROUP; SHEAR ZONES
AB Late tectonic, post-collisional granite suites are a feature of many parts of the Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian East African Orogen (EAO), where they are generally attributed to late extensional collapse of the orogen. accompanied by high heat flow and asthenospheric uprise The Maevarano Suite comprises voluminous plutons which were emplaced in some of the tectonostratigraphic terranes of northern Madagascar, in the central part of the EAO, following collision and assembly during a major orogeny at ca 550 Ma The suite comprises three main magmatic phases a minor early phase of foliated gabbros, quartz diorites, and granodiontes, a main phase of large batholiths of porphyritic granitoids and charnockites, and a late phase of small-scale plutons and sheets of monzonite, syenite, leucogranite and microgranite The main phase intrusions tend to be massive, but with variably foliated margins New U-Pb SHRIMP zircon data show that the whole suite was emplaced between ca 537 and 522 Ma Geochemically, all the rocks of the suite are enriched in the LILE, especially K, and the LREE, but are relatively depleted in Nb, Ta and the HREE These characteristics are typical of post-collisional granitoids in the EAO and many other orogenic belts It is proposed that the Maevarano Suite magmas were derived by melting of sub-continental lithospheric mantle that had been enriched in the LILE during earlier subduction events The melting occurred during lithospheric delamination, which was associated with extensional collapse of the East African Orogen (C) 2009 Natural Environment Research Council Published by Elsevier B.V All rights reserved
C1 [Goodenough, K. M.; Key, R. M.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Thomas, R. J.; De Waele, B.; Schofield, D. I.; Bauer, W.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England.
[Tucker, R. D.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Rafahatelo, J. -M.; Rabarimanana, M.; Ralison, A. V.; Randriamananjara, T.] Projet Gouvernance Ressources Minieres, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
RP Goodenough, KM (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland.
RI Goodenough, Kathryn/E-8469-2014;
OI Goodenough, Kathryn/0000-0001-5912-4831; Schofield,
David/0000-0002-2669-5627
FU Australian Research Council
FX The authors would like to thank the many BGS, USGS and Malagasy
colleagues who were involved in fieldwork in Madagascar during
2005-2007. Martin Gillespie is thanked for constructive comments on an
earlier version. and Alan Collins and Joachim Jacobs are thanked for
their detailed and thoughtful reviews, all of which greatly improved the
manuscript. Editorial comments by Nelson Eby were also much appreciated.
This paper is published with the permission of the Executive Director of
the British Geological Survey (NERC). Age data in this paper were
obtained at the Perth Consortium SHRIMP facilities at the Curtin
University of Technology, which are funded by the Australian Research
Council.
NR 60
TC 33
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0024-4937
J9 LITHOS
JI Lithos
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 116
IS 1-2
BP 18
EP 34
DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.12.005
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 588UW
UT WOS:000277100900002
ER
PT J
AU Adams, J
Flora, S
AF Adams, Josh
Flora, Stephanie
TI Correlating seabird movements with ocean winds: linking satellite
telemetry with ocean scatterometry
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID USE WEATHER SYSTEMS; FLY LONG DISTANCES; ANIMAL TRACKING DATA; AT-SEA
DISTRIBUTION; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; VECTOR CORRELATION; NORTH PACIFIC;
FORAGING BEHAVIOR; DIOMEDEA-EXULANS; BREEDING-SEASON
AB Satellite telemetry studies of the movements of seabirds are now common and have revealed impressive flight capabilities and extensive distributions among individuals and species at sea. Linking seabird movements with environmental conditions over vast expanses of the world's open ocean, however, remains difficult. Seabirds of the order Procellariiformes (e.g., petrels, albatrosses, and shearwaters) depend largely on wind and wave energy for efficient flight. We present a new method for quantifying the movements of far-ranging seabirds in relation to ocean winds measured by the SeaWinds scatterometer onboard the QuikSCAT satellite. We apply vector correlation (as defined by Crosby et al. in J Atm Ocean Tech 10:355-367, 1993) to evaluate how the trajectories (ground speed and direction) for five procellariiform seabirds outfitted with satellite transmitters are related to ocean winds. Individual seabirds (Sooty Shearwater, Pink-footed Shearwater, Hawaiian Petrel, Grey-faced Petrel, and Black-footed Albatross) all traveled predominantly with oblique, isotropic crossing to quartering tail-winds (i.e., 105-165A degrees in relation to birds' trajectory). For all five seabirds, entire track line trajectories were significantly correlated with co-located winds. Greatest correlations along 8-day path segments were related to wind patterns during birds' directed, long-range migration (Sooty Shearwater) as well as movements associated with mega-scale meteorological phenomena, including Pacific Basin anticyclones (Hawaiian Petrel, Grey-faced Petrel) and eastward-propagating north Pacific cyclones (Black-footed Albatross). Wind strength and direction are important factors related to the overall movements that delineate the distribution of petrels at sea. We suggest that vector correlation can be used to quantify movements for any marine vertebrate when tracking and environmental data (winds or currents) are of sufficient quality and sample size. Vector correlation coefficients can then be used to assess population-or species-specific variability and used to test specific hypotheses related to how animal movements are associated with fluid environments.
C1 [Adams, Josh] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Flora, Stephanie] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Phys Oceanog Lab, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
RP Adams, J (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Zool, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
EM josh_adams@usgs.gov
FU Moss Landing Marine Labs; USGS; UC Santa Cruz Tagging of Pacific
Pelagics; NASA
FX We thank L. Breaker and E. McPhee-Shaw for enthusiastic discussions and
useful contributions. P. Hodem and K. D. Hyrenbach provided PFSH data,
P. Lyver provided GFPE data; BFAL data were supplied as part of a
collaborative effort on behalf of Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, HAPE data
were supplied as part of collaborative effort on behalf of US Geological
Survey (USGS) Western Ecological Research Center, D. G. Ainley ( HT
Harvey and Associates), H. Friefeld ( US Fish and Wildlife Service), C.
Bailey and J. Tamayose (Haleakala National Park), and J. Penniman (
Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources); and SOSH data were
supported in part by Moss Landing Marine Labs, USGS, and UC Santa Cruz
Tagging of Pacific Pelagics. C. MacLeod kindly provided assistance with
programming in R. QuikSCAT. Data are produced by remote sensing systems
and sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. QSCAT data
are available at www.remss.com. Previous drafts of this paper benefited
from comments and suggestions provided by H. Moller, D. G. Ainley, J.
Yee, K. Phillips, and four anonymous reviewers. The use of trade,
product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 86
TC 17
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 45
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 157
IS 4
BP 915
EP 929
DI 10.1007/s00227-009-1367-y
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 570FP
UT WOS:000275658000022
ER
PT J
AU Barros, NB
Ostrom, PH
Stricker, CA
Wells, RS
AF Barros, Nelio B.
Ostrom, P. H.
Stricker, C. A.
Wells, R. S.
TI Stable isotopes differentiate bottlenose dolphins off west-central
Florida
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE bottlenose dolphins; Tursiops truncatus; stable isotopes; population
assignment; group membership; strandings; Florida; Gulf of Mexico
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MARINE
CYANOBACTERIUM; COASTAL WATERS; SARASOTA BAY; NITROGEN; SULFUR; RATIOS;
TRICHODESMIUM
AB P>Distinguishing discrete population units among continuously distributed coastal small cetaceans is challenging and crucial to conservation. We evaluated the utility of stable isotopes in assessing group membership in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off west-central Florida by analyzing carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope values (delta 13C, delta 15N, and delta 34S) of tooth collagen from stranded dolphins. Individuals derived from three putative general population units: Sarasota Bay (SB), nearshore Gulf of Mexico (GULF), and offshore waters (OFF). Animals of known history (SB) served to ground truth the approach against animals of unknown history from the Gulf of Mexico (GULF, OFF). Dolphin groups differed significantly for each isotope. Average delta 13C values from SB dolphins (-10.6 parts per thousand) utilizing sea grass ecosystems differed from those of GULF (-11.9 parts per thousand) and OFF (-11.9 parts per thousand). Average delta 15N values of GULF (12.7 parts per thousand) and OFF (13.2 parts per thousand) were higher than those of SB dolphins (11.9 parts per thousand), consistent with differences in prey trophic levels. delta 34S values showed definitive differences among SB (7.1 parts per thousand), GULF (11.3 parts per thousand), and OFF (16.5 parts per thousand) dolphins. This is the first application of isotopes to population assignment of bottlenose dolphins in the Gulf of Mexico and results suggest that isotopes may provide a powerful tool in the conservation of small cetaceans.
C1 [Barros, Nelio B.; Wells, R. S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
[Ostrom, P. H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Stricker, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Barros, NB (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
EM nbarros@mote.org
FU NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service; Harbor Branch Oceanographic
Institution [2000-12, 2003-19]; Byrnes Estate; Earthwatch Institute;
Disney Wildlife Conservation; Dolphin Quest
FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA-National Marine Fisheries
Service, the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution-Protect Wild
Dolphin Program (Proposals 2000-12 and 2003-19), the Byrnes Estate,
Earthwatch Institute, Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, and Dolphin
Quest. We thank the staff of Mote Marine Laboratory's Stranding
Investigations Program, Clearwater Marine Aquarium, the Florida Fish
Wildlife and Conservation Commission's Marine Mammal Pathobiology
Laboratory, and Charlotte Field Station for assistance with recovery of
stranded animals. Ruth DeLynn kindly facilitated access to the Mote
Marine Laboratory specimens under her curatorial care. Hasand Gandhi was
instrumental in facilitating stable isotope analysis and Nathaniel
Ostrom for helpful discussions. Age estimates for selected dolphins were
kindly provided by Aleta Hohn and Megan K. Stolen. We are grateful to
Paul Cryan and Lorrie Rea for their helpful comments on earlier versions
of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government. The dolphin teeth used in this study were collected under a
stranding agreement between Mote Marine Laboratory and the National
Marine Fisheries Service.
NR 64
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 2
U2 23
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 2
BP 324
EP 336
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00315.x
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 584ZT
UT WOS:000276794500005
ER
PT J
AU Barshis, DJ
Stillman, JH
Gates, RD
Toonen, RJ
Smith, LW
Birkeland, C
AF Barshis, D. J.
Stillman, J. H.
Gates, R. D.
Toonen, R. J.
Smith, L. W.
Birkeland, C.
TI Protein expression and genetic structure of the coral Porites lobata in
an environmentally extreme Samoan back reef: does host genotype limit
phenotypic plasticity?
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE coral resilience; local adaptation; phenotypic plasticity; Porites
lobata; reciprocal transplant experiment; Ubiquitin
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SYMBIOTIC DINOFLAGELLATES SYMBIODINIUM; HEAT-SHOCK
RESPONSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MYTILUS-TROSSULUS; FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURE;
POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ALGAL ENDOSYMBIONTS;
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
AB The degree to which coral reef ecosystems will be impacted by global climate change depends on regional and local differences in corals' susceptibility and resilience to environmental stressors. Here, we present data from a reciprocal transplant experiment using the common reef building coral Porites lobata between a highly fluctuating back reef environment that reaches stressful daily extremes, and a more stable, neighbouring forereef. Protein biomarker analyses assessing physiological contributions to stress resistance showed evidence for both fixed and environmental influence on biomarker response. Fixed influences were strongest for ubiquitin-conjugated proteins with consistently higher levels found in back reef source colonies both pre and post-transplant when compared with their forereef conspecifics. Additionally, genetic comparisons of back reef and forereef populations revealed significant population structure of both the nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial genomes of the coral host (F(ST) = 0.146 P < 0.0001, F(ST) = 0.335 P < 0.0001 for rDNA and mtDNA, respectively), whereas algal endosymbiont populations were genetically indistinguishable between the two sites. We propose that the genotype of the coral host may drive limitations to the physiological responses of these corals when faced with new environmental conditions. This result is important in understanding genotypic and environmental interactions in the coral algal symbiosis and how corals may respond to future environmental changes.
C1 [Barshis, D. J.; Gates, R. D.; Toonen, R. J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
[Barshis, D. J.; Smith, L. W.; Birkeland, C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Stillman, J. H.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
[Stillman, J. H.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
[Birkeland, C.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Barshis, DJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
EM barshis@stanford.edu
RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011
OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340;
NR 97
TC 75
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U1 2
U2 47
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 8
BP 1705
EP 1720
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04574.x
PG 16
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 576NM
UT WOS:000276151600016
PM 20345691
ER
PT J
AU Corace, RG
Goebel, PC
McCormick, DL
AF Corace, R. Gregory, III
Goebel, P. Charles
McCormick, Damon L.
TI Kirtland's Warbler Habitat Management and Multi-species Bird
Conservation: Considerations for Planning and Management across Jack
Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) Habitat Types
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Endangered Species Act; habitat management; jack pine; Kirtland's
Warbler; migratory birds
ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; UNITED-STATES; UPPER MICHIGAN; FIRE HISTORY;
POPULATION; RECOVERY; FORESTS; SYSTEM; NEED; USA
AB Intensive management of jack pine (Pious banksiana Lamb.) plantations has led to a population increase and breeding range expansion of the endangered Kirtland's Warbler (Dedroica kirtlandii Baird). However, no study has quantified the different bird communities that are associated with Kirtland's Warbler habitat management. We examined bird species conservation scenarios of warbler habitat management by addressing the following: (1) how do bird community structure and conservation scenarios differ among jack pine habitats of three discrete age classes (YOUNG, < 5 years: KW, 5-23 years: and OLD, > 23 years)?; (2) what functional groups (e.g., nest placement groups, foraging groups) of bird species are represented among these three habitat types?: and (3) what are the relationships between bird communities and the composition and structure of these habitat types? Sixty bird species were observed in 37 habitat patches across the three habitat types. Conservation metrics based upon the pooled species lists for each of the habitat types indicated no difference (P > 0.05) among them. Five bird species of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regional Conservation Priority were found among the habitat types, with all but Kirtland's Warbler most common in the YOUNG habitat. Five indicator species associated with the YOUNG and KW habitat types were observed, while nine species were associated with the OLD habitat. A functional group analysis indicated that stand structure was important for breeding species across habitat types. We believe our results support increased ecologically-based planning and management across jack pine habitats for more than just Kirtland's Warbler.
C1 [Corace, R. Gregory, III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, Seney, MI 49883 USA.
[Goebel, P. Charles] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
[McCormick, Damon L.] Common Coast Res & Conservat, Germfask, MI 49836 USA.
RP Corace, RG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney Natl Wildlife Refuge, 1674 Refuge Entrance Rd, Seney, MI 49883 USA.
EM Greg_Corace@fws.gov
RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012
FU Seney National Wildlife Refuge; State of Ohio through the Ohio
Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University
FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors
and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. Salaries and funding for this work were provided by Seney
National Wildlife Refuge and the State of Ohio through the Ohio
Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University.
We wish to thank Thomas Wyse and Katie Holmes for their help verifying
and updating the base geographic information system database. We also
appreciate the help with data collection provided by Stephen Rist, Mark
Yoders, Bruce Allen, Clay Dygert, Lindsey Shartell, and Marie
Semko-Duncan. Previous drafts of this manuscript were improved upon by
the edits and comments of Tracy Casselman and Dave Olson at Seney
National Wildlife Refuge. Special thanks to Laural Tansy at Seney
National Wildlife Refuge for administrative assistance.
NR 46
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Z9 6
U1 5
U2 41
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 174
EP 190
PG 17
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 592CG
UT WOS:000277352000006
ER
PT J
AU Crow, C
van Riper, C
AF Crow, Claire
van Riper, Charles, III
TI Avian Community Responses to Mechanical Thinning of a Pinyon-Juniper
Woodland: Specialist Sensitivity to Tree Reduction
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE avian community changes; bird surveys; Bureau of Land Management;
Colorado Plateau; Intermountain West; mechanical fuels reduction;
pinyon-juniper woodlands; Utah
ID HABITAT PREFERENCES; STATISTICAL POWER; VEGETATION; SELECTION; PATTERNS;
STEPPE; RANGE; TESTS; FIRE
AB Natural area managers in regions of the semi-arid west, particularly on the Colorado Plateau. are presently dealing with expanding pinyon (Pious spp. Engelm.) - juniper (Juniperus spp. Engelm.) woodlands on rangelands. Increased equipment costs associated with 'chaining'. and dangers associated with prescribed fires, have resulted in more instances where mechanical thinning of woodlands is being used. Our 2005 to 2006 study within Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument. Utah. examined responses of breeding birds to the mechanical reduction of pinyon-juniper woodlands within a randomized 4-block design that incorporated 11 control and nine treatment bird count stations. We surveyed birds within 3.1-ha bird-count stations (n = 20) prior to, and following. pinyon-juniper mechanical reduction treatments. Thinning in April 2006 removed a mean of 92% (+ 6.4% SE) of live trees from treatment blocks. The avian guild most greatly influenced by mechanical thinning included pinyon-juniper obligate species. Species eliminated following mechanical thinning were Gray Vireo (Vireo vicinior) and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). while Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerine) numbers were significantly reduced. Birds in the shrub-nesting guild, including the sagebrush specialist Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri), and habitat generalists such as the Bushtit (Psaltriparius minimus). increased in relative abundance following treatment. We conclude that mechanical thinning within the Intermountain West has the potential for natural area managers to design treatments that can influence numbers of both pinyon-juniper and sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) steppe avian species.
C1 [van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Crow, Claire] Resources Management Div, Springdale, UT 84767 USA.
[Crow, Claire] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP van Riper, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM charles_van_riper@usgs.gov
FU National Park Service; United States Geological Survey, Southwest
Biological Science Center
FX We thank the Bureau of Land Management and the employees of Grand
Staircase Escalante National Monument for providing an opportunity to
conduct this research and for their logistical support. Sarah Gaines and
John Duhamel provided invaluable assistance with field work. We
acknowledge the financial support of the National Park Service and the
United States Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center.
This work was part of a M.S. thesis by Claire Crow at the School of
Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson.
Finally, we very much appreciate the support and direction on this study
from Bob Steidl and William Mannan and editorial comments on earlier
drafts of this paper from David Breshears, Mark Miller, Sandra Guest van
Riper, and James Sedgwick.
NR 56
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 28
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 191
EP 201
DI 10.3375/043.030.0206
PG 11
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 592CG
UT WOS:000277352000007
ER
PT J
AU Earle, P
AF Earle, Paul
TI Earthquake Twitter
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
AB Twitter messages offer first-hand accounts of earthquakes within minutes. Analyses of their content and geographic distribution can be a useful supplement to instrument-based estimates of quake location and magnitude.
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Earle, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, DFC, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM pearle@usgs.gov
NR 3
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 10
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 4
BP 221
EP 222
DI 10.1038/ngeo832
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 576QB
UT WOS:000276159600003
ER
PT J
AU Candrl, JS
Papoulias, DM
Tillitt, DE
AF Candrl, James S.
Papoulias, Diana M.
Tillitt, Donald E.
TI A Minimally Invasive Method for Extraction of Sturgeon Oocytes
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOPSY
AB Fishery biologists, hatchery personnel, and caviar fishers routinely extract oocytes from sturgeon (Acipenseridae) to determine the stage of maturation by checking egg quality. Typically, oocytes are removed either by inserting a catheter into the oviduct or by making an incision in the body cavity. Both methods can be time-consuming and stressful to the fish. We describe a device to collect mature oocytes from sturgeons quickly and effectively with minimal stress on the fish. The device is made by creating a needle from stainless steel tubing and connecting it to a syringe with polyvinyl chloride tubing. The device is filled with saline solution or water, the needle is inserted into the abdominal wall, and eggs are extracted from the fish. Using this device, an oocyte sample can be collected in less than 30 s. Such sampling leaves a minute wound that heals quickly and does not require suturing. The extractor device can easily be used in the field or hatchery, reduces fish handling time, and minimizes stress.
C1 [Candrl, James S.; Papoulias, Diana M.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP Candrl, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 E New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM jcandrl@usgs.gov
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 72
IS 2
BP 184
EP 187
DI 10.1577/A09-006.1
PG 4
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 588ZE
UT WOS:000277112500013
ER
PT J
AU O'Donnell, MJ
Horton, GE
Letcher, BH
AF O'Donnell, Matthew J.
Horton, Gregg E.
Letcher, Benjamin H.
TI Use of Portable Antennas to Estimate Abundance of PIT-Tagged Fish in
Small Streams: Factors Affecting Detection Probability
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; SURVIVAL ESTIMATION; UNIFIED APPROACH; MARKED
ANIMALS; RECAPTURE; CAPTURE; GROWTH; DESIGN; ROBUST; TAGS
AB Portable passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag antenna systems can be valuable in providing reliable estimates of the abundance of tagged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in small streams under a wide range of conditions. We developed and employed PIT tag antenna wand techniques in two controlled experiments and an additional case study to examine the factors that influenced our ability to estimate population size. We used Pollock's robust-design capture-mark-recapture model to obtain estimates of the probability of first detection (p), the probability of redetection (c), and abundance (N) in the two controlled experiments. First, we conducted an experiment in which tags were hidden in fixed locations. Although p and c varied among the three observers and among the three passes that each observer conducted, the estimates of N were identical to the true values and did not vary among observers. In the second experiment using free-swimming tagged fish, p and c varied among passes and time of day. Additionally, estimates of N varied between day and night and among age-classes but were within 10% of the true population size. In the case study, we used the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to examine the variation in p, and we compared counts of tagged fish found with the antenna wand with counts collected via electrofishing. In that study, we found that although p varied for age-classes, sample dates, and time of day, antenna and electrofishing estimates of N were similar, indicating that population size can be reliably estimated via PIT tag antenna wands. However, factors such as the observer, time of day, age of fish, and stream discharge can influence the initial and subsequent detection probabilities.
C1 [O'Donnell, Matthew J.; Horton, Gregg E.; Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
RP O'Donnell, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
EM modonnell@usgs.gov
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 323
EP 336
DI 10.1577/M09-008.1
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 599XP
UT WOS:000277947800001
ER
PT J
AU Harris, JE
Hightower, JE
AF Harris, Julianne E.
Hightower, Joseph E.
TI Evaluation of Methods for Identifying Spawning Sites and Habitat
Selection for Alosines
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; LOW-HEAD DAM; AMERICAN SHAD; WHITE STURGEON;
DELAWARE RIVER; NORTH-CAROLINA; GULF STURGEON; ROANOKE RIVER;
FRESH-WATER; FISHES
AB Characterization of riverine spawning habitat is important for the management and restoration of anadromous alosines. We examined the relative effectiveness of oblique plankton tows and spawning pads for collecting the eggs of American shad Alosa sapidissima, hickory shad A. mediocris, and "river herring'' (a collective term for alewife A. pseudoharengus and blueback herring A. aestivalis) in the Roanoke River, North Carolina. Relatively nonadhesive American shad eggs were only collected by plankton tows, whereas semiadhesive hickory shad and river herring eggs were collected by both methods. Compared with spawning pads, oblique plankton tows had higher probabilities of collecting eggs and led to the identification of longer spawning periods. In assumed spawning areas, twice-weekly plankton sampling for 15 min throughout the spawning season had a 95% or greater probability of collecting at least one egg for all alosines; however, the probabilities were lower in areas with more limited spawning. Comparisons of plankton tows, spawning pads, and two other methods of identifying spawning habitat (direct observation of spawning and examination of female histology) suggested differences in effectiveness and efficiency. Riverwide information on spawning sites and timing for all alosines is most efficiently obtained by plankton sampling. Spawning pads and direct observations of spawning are the best ways to determine microhabitat selectivity for appropriate species, especially when spawning sites have previously been identified. Histological examination can help determine primary spawning sites but is most useful when information on reproductive biology and spawning periodicity is also desired. The target species, riverine habitat conditions, and research goals should be considered when selecting methods with which to evaluate alosine spawning habitat.
C1 [Harris, Julianne E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Harris, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM jeharris@ncsu.edu
FU Dominion/North Carolina Power; North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission; North Carolina State University; U.S. Geological Survey;
Wildlife Management Institute
FX We greatly thank Nicole Antaya, Jessica Baumann, Jenny Bearden, Christin
Brown, Patrick Cooney, Warren Mitchell, and Caroline Paulsen for
assistance with field work and Jeff Buckel, Robert Graham, Pete
Kornegay, Thomas Kwak, and Kenneth Pollock for help with study design,
analysis, and review of this manuscript. This manuscript was also
improved by comments from Nick Trippel. This work was funded by
Dominion/North Carolina Power and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission. The North Carolina Cooperative Fisheries and Wildlife
Research Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University,
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Geological Survey,
and Wildlife Management Institute. Reference to any trade name does not
suggest endorsement by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological
Survey.
NR 52
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 386
EP 399
DI 10.1577/M09-096.1
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 599XP
UT WOS:000277947800007
ER
PT J
AU Stott, W
Quinlan, HR
Gorman, OT
King, TL
AF Stott, Wendylee
Quinlan, Henry R.
Gorman, Owen T.
King, Timothy L.
TI Genetic Structure and Diversity among Brook Trout from Isle Royale, Lake
Nipigon, and Three Minnesota Tributaries of Lake Superior
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID CHARR SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION GENETICS; EASTERN CANADA;
LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; RIVER; DIFFERENTIATION; REHABILITATION
AB Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis from Isle Royale, Michigan, three Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior, and Lake Nipigon in Ontario were analyzed for genetic variation at 12 microsatellite DNA loci. Analysis of molecular variance, genetic distance measures, and cluster analysis were used to examine the diversity, gene flow, and relatedness among the samples. The diversity estimates for the samples from Isle Royale were similar to those for the samples collected from Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior, and all estimates were lower than those reported in other studies of brook trout from eastern North America. Genetic differences were detected among the brook trout at Isle Royale, Lake Nipigon, and the Minnesota tributaries of Lake Superior. Further, the population in Tobin Harbor at the eastern end of Isle Royale was distinct from the populations from tributaries at the southwestern end of the island. The Minnesota tributary population formed a group that was genetically distinct from those from Isle Royale and Lake Nipigon. The Isle Royale population should be managed to preserve the genetic and phenotypic variation that distinguishes it from the other brook trout populations analyzed to date.
C1 [Stott, Wendylee] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Quinlan, Henry R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland Fishery Resources Off, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
[Gorman, Owen T.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
[King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
RP Stott, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM wstott@usgs.gov
FU National Park Service
FX We are grateful to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Lee Newman and
Glenn Miller), Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Isle Royale
National Park, and the Lake Nipigon Fisheries Assessment Unit of the
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources for providing brook trout samples.
Discussions with Chris Wilson (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources),
Mary Burnham-Curtis (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), and Seth Moore
(Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewas) improved this
manuscript. Laboratory assistance from Abel Brumo and Mohamad-Ali
Kolailat was greatly appreciated. This research was funded in part by
the National Park Service. This article is contribution 1528 of the U.S.
Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center. Reference to trade names
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 66
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 18
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 400
EP 411
DI 10.1577/M08-213.1
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 599XP
UT WOS:000277947800008
ER
PT J
AU Wuellner, MR
Chipps, SR
Willis, DW
Adams, WE
AF Wuellner, Melissa R.
Chipps, Steven R.
Willis, David W.
Adams, Wells E., Jr.
TI Interactions between Walleyes and Smallmouth Bass in a Missouri River
Reservoir with Consideration of the Influence of Temperature and Prey
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; GREAT-PLAINS RESERVOIR; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RAINBOW SMELT; SOUTH-DAKOTA; GIZZARD SHAD; DIET
OVERLAP; MODEL PREDICTIONS; THERMAL HABITAT
AB Walleyes Sander vitreus are the most popular fish among South Dakota anglers, but smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu were introduced to provide new angling opportunities. Some walleye anglers have reported reductions in the quality of walleye fisheries since the introduction of smallmouth bass and attribute this to the consumption of young walleyes by smallmouth bass and competition for shared prey resources. We quantified the diets of walleyes and smallmouth bass in the lower reaches of Lake Sharpe (a Missouri River reservoir), calculated the diet overlap between the two predators, and determined whether they partitioned shared prey based on size. We also quantified walleye diets in the upper reach of the reservoir, which has a different prey base and allowed us to compare the growth rates of walleyes within Lake Sharpe. Age-0 gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum composed a substantial proportion of the diets of both predators, regardless of location, for most of the growing season; the patterns in shad vulnerability appeared to drive the observed patterns in diet overlap. Smallmouth bass appeared to consume a smaller size range of gizzard shad than did walleyes, which consumed a wide range. Smallmouth bass consumed Sander spp. in some months, but in very low quantities. Given that global climate change is expected to alter the population and community dynamics in Great Plains reservoirs, we also used a bioenergetics approach to predict the potential effects of limiting prey availability (specifically, the absence of gizzard shad and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax) and increased water temperatures (as projected from global climate change models) on walleye and smallmouth bass growth. The models indicated that the absence of rainbow smelt from the diets of walleyes in upper Lake Sharpe would reduce growth but that the absence of gizzard shad would have a more marked negative effect on both predators at both locations. The models also indicated that higher water temperatures would have an even greater negative influence on walleye growth; however, smallmouth bass growth was predicted to increase with higher temperatures. Fisheries managers should consider strategies to enhance the prey base or mitigate the effects of increased water temperatures that may occur in the future as a result of global climate change. Such proactive actions may alleviate potential future competition between walleyes and smallmouth bass resulting from changes in the fish community.
C1 [Wuellner, Melissa R.; Willis, David W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Adams, Wells E., Jr.] Missouri River Fisheries Ctr, Ft Pierre, SD 57532 USA.
RP Wuellner, MR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress 138,Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM melissa.wuellner@sdstate.edu
RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009
FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-15-R]
FX We greatly appreciate the field efforts of South Dakota Department of
Game, Fish and Parks biologists and technicians. Specifically, we thank
Robert Hanten, John Lott, and Kyle Potter for their cooperation in
logistical planning and implementation. We also thank several South
Dakota State University students and technicians for their assistance in
the field and laboratory: Tom Bacula, Jonah Dagel, Kris Edwards, Mark
Fincel, Bethany Galster, Jeff Grote, Andy Jansen, Jessica Meisenholder,
Ben Michaels, Nathan Poole, and Justin VanDeHey. We are grateful to
Brian Bellgraph (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) and Brian Graeb
(South Dakota State University) for their assistance with statistical
analysis. Funding for this project was provided by Federal Aid in Sport
Fish Restoration, Project F-15-R, Study 1505, administered through South
Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks.
NR 92
TC 24
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 26
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
EI 1548-8675
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 445
EP 463
DI 10.1577/M09-066.1
PG 19
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 599XP
UT WOS:000277947800011
ER
PT J
AU Price, AL
Peterson, JT
AF Price, Alison L.
Peterson, James T.
TI Estimation and Modeling of Electrofishing Capture Efficiency for Fishes
in Wadeable Warmwater Streams
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID DWELLING SALMONIDS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; MARK-RECAPTURE; BROWN TROUT;
ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; PROBABILITY; ASSEMBLAGES; MOVEMENT
AB Stream fish managers often use fish sample data to inform management decisions affecting fish populations. Fish sample data, however, can be biased by the same factors affecting fish populations. To minimize the effect of sample biases on decision making, biologists need information on the effectiveness of fish sampling methods. We evaluated single-pass backpack electrofishing and seining combined with electrofishing by following a dual-gear, mark-recapture approach in 61 blocknetted sample units within first-to third-order streams. We also estimated fish movement out of unblocked units during sampling. Capture efficiency and fish abundances were modeled for 50 fish species by use of conditional multinomial capture recapture models. The best-approximating models indicated that capture efficiencies were generally low and differed among species groups based on family or genus. Efficiencies of single-pass electrofishing and seining combined with electrofishing were greatest for Catostomidae and lowest for Ictaluridae. Fish body length and stream habitat characteristics (mean cross-sectional area, wood density, mean current velocity, and turbidity) also were related to capture efficiency of both methods, but the effects differed among species groups. We estimated that, on average, 23% of fish left the unblocked sample units, but net movement varied among species. Our results suggest that (1) common warmwater stream fish sampling methods have low capture efficiency and (2) failure to adjust for incomplete capture may bias estimates of fish abundance. We suggest that managers minimize bias from incomplete capture by adjusting data for site-and species-specific capture efficiency and by choosing sampling gear that provide estimates with minimal bias and variance. Furthermore, if block nets are not used, we recommend that managers adjust the data based on unconditional capture efficiency.
C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Price, Alison L.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM peterson@warnell.uga.edu
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Georgia
Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife
Management Institute
FX Funding and logistical support for this project was provided by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. We are indebted to those that provided field
help, including J. Bezold, W. Bickerstaff, S. Craven, A. Farakesh, B.
Fauver, M. Hagler, K. McAbee, J. Meador, M. Mundy, J. Olin, and K.
Sparks. We thank C. Strait for assistance in obtaining geographical
information systems maps and figures, and we are grateful to B. Freeman
for assistance in identifying specimens. The manuscript was improved
with suggestions from M. Freeman, R. Bringolf, and anonymous reviewers.
The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for
informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the
U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. The Georgia Cooperative
Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S.
Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia
Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia, and the
Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 53
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Z9 28
U1 0
U2 29
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
EI 1548-8675
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 481
EP 498
DI 10.1577/M09-122.1
PG 18
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 599XP
UT WOS:000277947800013
ER
PT J
AU Klinger, R
Rejmanek, M
AF Klinger, Rob
Rejmanek, Marcel
TI A strong conditional mutualism limits and enhances seed dispersal and
germination of a tropical palm
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Granivory; Predation limitation; Recruitment limitation; Seed predation
ID NEOTROPICAL TREE SEEDS; RAIN-FOREST; HETEROMYS-DESMARESTIANUS;
PROECHIMYS-SEMISPINOSUS; LOWLAND FOREST; SMALL RODENTS; PREDATION;
PLANT; RECRUITMENT; ABUNDANCE
AB Seed predation and seed dispersal can have strong effects on early life history stages of plants. These processes have often been studied as individual effects, but the degree to which their relative importance co-varies with seed predator abundance and how this influences seed germination rates is poorly understood. Therefore, we used a combination of observations and field experiments to determine the degree to which germination rates of the palm Astrocaryum mexicanum varied with abundance of a small mammal seed predator/disperser, Heteromys desmarestianus, in a lowland tropical forest. Patterns of abundance of the two species were strongly related; density of H. desmarestianus was low in sites with low density of A. mexicanum and vice versa. Rates of predation and dispersal of A. mexicanum seeds depended on abundance of H. desmarestianus; sites with high densities of H. desmarestianus had the highest rates of seed predation and lowest rates of seed germination, but a greater total number of seeds were dispersed and there was greater density of seedlings, saplings, and adults of A. mexicanum in these sites. When abundance of H. desmarestianus was experimentally reduced, rates of seed predation decreased, but so did dispersal of A. mexicanum seeds. Critically, rates of germination of dispersed seeds were 5 times greater than undispersed seeds. The results suggest that the relationship between A. mexicanum and H. desmarestianus is a conditional mutualism that results in a strong local effect on the abundance of each species. However, the magnitude and direction of these effects are determined by the relative strength of opposing, but related, mechanisms. A. mexicanum nuts provide H. desmarestianus with a critical food resource, and while seed predation on A. mexicanum nuts by H. desmarestianus is very intense, A. mexicanum ultimately benefits because of the relatively high germination rates of its seeds that are dispersed by H. desmarestianus.
C1 [Klinger, Rob; Rejmanek, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Klinger, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, Biol Resources Discipline, 568 Cent Ave, Bishop, CA 93514 USA.
EM rcklinger@usgs.gov
FU Belize Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0309408]; BFREE
FX We thank S. Cante, F. Pop, T. Pop, A. Sacks, and S. Standish for many
hours of Weld help, J. and K. Marlin and the staff of the Belize
Foundation for Research and Environmental Education (BFREE) for
logistical support, and the Belize Government for permission to work in
the reserve. C. Aslan, D. Kelt, D. Levey, S. Ostoja, D. Van Vuren and
two anonymous reviewers shared ideas and commented on earlier drafts of
the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the U.S. National
Science Foundation (DEB-0309408) and BFREE. The research was conducted
with the permission of the Belize Ministry of Natural Resources and the
Environment, Department of Forestry, and complied with the laws and
policies of that nation.
NR 58
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
EI 1432-1939
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 162
IS 4
BP 951
EP 963
DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1542-3
PG 13
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571KB
UT WOS:000275749600014
PM 20049480
ER
PT J
AU DesRochers, DW
Silbernagle, MD
Nadig, A
Reed, JM
AF DesRochers, David W.
Silbernagle, Michael D.
Nadig, Aaron
Reed, J. Michael
TI Body Size, Growth, and Feather Mass of the Endangered Hawaiian Moorhen
(Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis)
SO PACIFIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB Body and feather mass data are important in avian studies and are required for determining things such as body condition and energetic carrying capacity. There are 12 subspecies of Common Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus), six continental and six island subspecies, of which two are endangered. Body mass data for multiple individuals are available for only three subspecies, and feather mass data have been reported for only one individual. Body mass (n = 82) and feather mass (n = 2) for adults and body mass for three subadult age classes (n = 27) are provided for the Hawaiian subspecies of Common Moorhen (G. c. sandvicensis). Other body size measurements, including tarsus length, shield-bill length, shield width, and wing cord length also are presented. Adult Hawaiian Moorhen body mass averaged 350.7 g (+/- 50.0 SD; range, 232-522; 95% CI, 339.8-361.6), and young birds appear to develop like young of G. c. chloropus and other Rallidae. Based on published data, G. c. sandvicensis is heavier than G. c. guami, female G. c. chloropus, and G. c. meridionalis; lighter than G. c. garmani and males of G. c. cachinnans; and similar in mass to G. c. cachinnans females, males of G. c. chloropus, and G. c. orientalis. There do not appear to be systematic differences in body mass between mainland (data for four subspecies) and island subspecies (data for three subspecies). Total mass of all feathers for two males was 16.2 and 12.1 g, which made up 3.1% and 3.8%, respectively, of their total body mass.
C1 [DesRochers, David W.; Reed, J. Michael] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
[Silbernagle, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Haleiwa, HI 96712 USA.
[Nadig, Aaron] Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, Consultat & Tech Assistance Program, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
RP DesRochers, DW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
EM DavidW.DesRochers@gmail.com
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS
PI HONOLULU
PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA
SN 0030-8870
J9 PAC SCI
JI Pac. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 64
IS 2
BP 327
EP 333
DI 10.2984/64.2.327
PG 7
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 580WV
UT WOS:000276482200011
ER
PT J
AU Smith, SL
Romanovsky, VE
Lewkowicz, AG
Burn, CR
Allard, M
Clow, GD
Yoshikawa, K
Throop, J
AF Smith, S. L.
Romanovsky, V. E.
Lewkowicz, A. G.
Burn, C. R.
Allard, M.
Clow, G. D.
Yoshikawa, K.
Throop, J.
TI Thermal State of Permafrost in North America: A Contribution to the
International Polar Year
SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE permafrost; ground temperature regime; climate change; permafrost thaw;
active layer; International Polar Year; North America
ID SOUTHERN SHORE; HUDSON STRAIT; BTS METHOD; CANADA; CLIMATE; QUEBEC;
ENVIRONMENT; ALASKA; SITES; BAY
AB A snapshot of the thermal state of permafrost in northern North America during the international Polar Year (IPY) was developed using ground temperature data collected from 350 boreholes. More than half these were established during IPY to enhance the network in sparsely monitored regions. The measurement sites span a diverse range of ecoclimatic and geological conditions across the continent and are at various elevations within the Cordillera. The ground temperatures within the discontinuous permafrost zone are generally above -3 degrees C, and range down to -15 degrees C in the continuous zone. Ground temperature envelopes vary according to substrate, with shallow depths of zero annual amplitude for peat and mineral soils, and much greater depths for bedrock. New monitoring sites in the mountains of southern and central Yukon suggest that permafrost may be limited in extent. In concert with regional air temperatures, permafrost has generally been warming across North America for the past several decades, as indicated by measurements from the western Arctic since the 1970s and from parts of eastern Canada since the early 1990s. The rates of ground warming have been variable, but are generally greater north of the treeline. Latent heat effects in the southern discontinuous zone dominate the permafrost thermal regime close to 0 degrees C and allow permafrost to persist under a warming climate. Consequently, the spatial diversity of permafrost thermal conditions is decreasing over time. Copyright (C) 2010 Crown in the right of Canada and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Smith, S. L.] Natl Res Council Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Romanovsky, V. E.; Yoshikawa, K.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Lewkowicz, A. G.; Throop, J.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
[Burn, C. R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
[Allard, M.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Clow, G. D.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Smith, SL (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
EM SSmith@nrcan.gc.ca
RI Lewkowicz, Antoni/B-4077-2013
FU Natural Resources Canada; University of Ottawa; Carleton University;
Centre d'etudes nordiques of Universite Laval; Federal Government of
Canada; Northern Energy Development Initiative; Program for Energy
Research and Development; Polar Continental Shelf Project; The Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation
for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ministere des transports du
Quebec; Archer Cathro Resources; Enbridge Pipelines (NW) Inc.; Indian
Northern Affairs Canada, Environment Canada; Department of National
Defence, Government of Nunavut, Parks Canada; Yukon Parks; Aurora
Research Institute; Yukon Geological Survey; U.S. National Science
Foundation [ARC-0520578, ARC-0632400, ARC-0612533, ARC-0856864]; State
of Alaska; U.S. Geological Survey's Global Change Program; U.S.
Department of the Interior
FX The research presented in this paper was supported by numerous different
agencies and institutions. In Canada, support has been provided by
Natural Resources Canada, the University of Ottawa, Carleton University
and Centre d'etudes nordiques of Universite Laval. Support has also been
provided by the Federal Government of Canada IPY Program, the Northern
Energy Development Initiative, the Program for Energy Research and
Development and the Polar Continental Shelf Project. The Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Foundation
for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences have also provided support. The
monitoring network in northern Quebec exists thanks to the repeated
support of Ministere des transports du Quebec. Collaboration with the
following organisations was essential for both the establishment of new
boreholes and ongoing monitoring: Archer Cathro Resources, Enbridge
Pipelines (NW) Inc., Indian Northern Affairs Canada, Environment Canada,
Department of National Defence, Government of Nunavut, Parks Canada,
Yukon Parks, Aurora Research Institute and the Yukon Geological Survey.
We are also grateful to our colleagues at the Geological Survey of
Canada (M. Burgess, M. Nixon, D. Riseborough, M. Ednie, C. Duchesne, J.
Chartrand) and numerous students who contributed to data collection,
management and processing. We have also received considerable support
and assistance from individuals in various communities across the entire
region. In the United States this research was supported by the U.S.
National Science Foundation (projects ARC-0520578, ARC-0632400,
ARC-0612533, and ARC-0856864), the State of Alaska, the U.S. Geological
Survey's Global Change Program, and the U.S. Department of the Interior.
The authors thank Associate Editor Professor Charles Harris for handling
the review of this paper.
NR 55
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U1 5
U2 67
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1045-6740
EI 1099-1530
J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC
JI Permafrost Periglacial Process.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 2
SI SI
BP 117
EP 135
DI 10.1002/ppp.690
PG 19
WC Geography, Physical; Geology
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 623PW
UT WOS:000279755300003
ER
PT J
AU Morales, EA
Edlund, MB
Spaulding, SA
AF Morales, Eduardo A.
Edlund, Mark B.
Spaulding, Sarah A.
TI Description and ultrastructure of araphid diatom species
(Bacillariophyceae) morphologically similar to Pseudostaurosira
elliptica (Schumann) Edlund et al.
SO PHYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Bacillariophyceae; diatoms; Fragilaria; Pseudostaurosira
elliptica; Mongolia; new species; Staurosira; taxonomy
ID BENTHIC DIATOMS; RIVERS
AB P>Several populations identified and reported from North America and Mongolia under the names Fragilaria elliptica Schumann or Staurosira elliptica (Schumann) Williams et Round were analyzed in detail using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis yielded three variants that can not be ascribed to 'elliptica' of the type. Furthermore, two of the variants could not be related to published taxa and we describe them as new species, Staurosira ambigua sp. nov. and Staurosira dimorpha sp. nov. A third variant was identified as Pseudostaurosira trainorii Morales, a taxon originally reported from ponds and a river in the north-eastern USA. The combined LM and SEM analysis used here allowed for a more thorough circumscription of taxonomic boundaries among morphologically similar taxa and for better delimitation of their geographic distributions. A discussion of the taxonomy and ecology of these taxa based on literature and recent ecological data is presented.
C1 [Morales, Eduardo A.] Univ Catolica Boliviana, Herbario Criptogam, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
[Morales, Eduardo A.] Univ Mayor San Simon, Unidad Limnol & Recursos Acuat, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
[Morales, Eduardo A.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.
[Edlund, Mark B.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Marine St Croix, MN 55047 USA.
[Spaulding, Sarah A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80202 USA.
RP Morales, EA (reprint author), Univ Catolica Boliviana, Herbario Criptogam, Av Gral Galindo,POB 5381, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
EM edu.morales2006@gmail.com
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0316503]; Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia
FX We thank the Study Unit Biologists who collected NAWQA material for this
work. Material from Mongolia was collected as part of work supported by
the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant DEB-0316503, with
special thanks to Dr N. Soninkhishig (National University of Mongolia).
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in
this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the NSF. EAM thanks Dr D. Charles from the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for his continued support and help. We
thank Ingrid Juttner (Museum of Wales) for discussions on biogeography
of these species. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
Government.
NR 20
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U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1322-0829
J9 PHYCOL RES
JI Phycol. Res.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 2
BP 97
EP 107
DI 10.1111/j.1440-1835.2010.00567.x
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 575AV
UT WOS:000276036300003
ER
PT J
AU Whitall, D
Hively, WD
Leight, AK
Hapeman, CJ
McConnell, LL
Fisher, T
Rice, CP
Codling, E
McCarty, GW
Sadeghi, AM
Gustafson, A
Bialek, K
AF Whitall, David
Hively, W. Dean
Leight, Andrew K.
Hapeman, Cathleen J.
McConnell, Laura L.
Fisher, Thomas
Rice, Clifford P.
Codling, Eton
McCarty, Gregory W.
Sadeghi, Ali M.
Gustafson, Anne
Bialek, Krystyna
TI Pollutant fate and spatio-temporal variability in the choptank river
estuary: Factors influencing water quality
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Choptank River; Chesapeake Bay; Nitrate; Phosphate; Copper; Arsenic;
Herbicide
ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; COPPER TOXICITY; PESTICIDES; HERBICIDE; BASIN; USA;
EUTROPHICATION; METOLACHLOR; PHYTOPLANKTON; DEPOSITION
AB Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States, is a national priority. Documentation of progress of this restoration effort is needed. A study was conducted to examine water quality in the Choptank River estuary, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay that since 1998 has been classified as impaired waters under the Federal Clean Water Act. Multiple water quality parameters (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a) and analyte concentrations (nutrients, herbicide and herbicide degradation products, arsenic, and copper) were measured at seven sampling stations in the Choptank River estuary. Samples were collected under base flow conditions in the basin on thirteen dates between March 2005 and April 2008. As commonly observed, results indicate that agriculture is a primary source of nitrate in the estuary and that both agriculture and wastewater treatment plants are important sources of phosphorus. Concentrations of copper in the lower estuary consistently exceeded both chronic and acute water quality criteria, possibly due to use of copper in antifouling boat paint. Concentrations of copper in the upstream watersheds were low, indicating that agriculture is not a significant source of copper loading to the estuary. Concentrations of herbicides (atrazine, simazine, and metolachlor) peaked during early-summer, indicating a rapid surface-transport delivery pathway from agricultural areas, while their degradation products (CAT, CEAT, MESA, and MOA) appeared to be delivered via groundwater transport. Some in-river processing of CEAT occurred, whereas MESA was conservative. Observed concentrations of herbicide residues did not approach established levels of concern for aquatic organisms. Results of this study highlight the importance of continued implementation of best management practices to improve water quality in the estuary. This work provides a baseline against which to compare future changes in water quality and may be used to design future monitoring programs needed to assess restoration strategy efficacy. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Whitall, David] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Hively, W. Dean; Hapeman, Cathleen J.; McConnell, Laura L.; Rice, Clifford P.; Codling, Eton; McCarty, Gregory W.; Sadeghi, Ali M.; Bialek, Krystyna] USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Hively, W. Dean] USGS, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Leight, Andrew K.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
[Fisher, Thomas; Gustafson, Anne] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA.
RP Whitall, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, N SCI 1,SSMC4,9110,1305 E W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM dave.whitall@noaa.gov
FU NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; USDA-NRCS; USDA-ARS
FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA National Centers for
Coastal Ocean Science, USDA-NRCS Special Emphasis Watershed CEAP
(Assessment of Natural Resource Conservation Practice Effectiveness
within the Choptank River Watershed), and USDA-ARS intramural research.
NR 66
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U1 3
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 408
IS 9
BP 2096
EP 2108
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.006
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 580FZ
UT WOS:000276434500010
PM 20171715
ER
PT J
AU Harlan, SS
Morgan, LA
AF Harlan, Stephen S.
Morgan, Lisa A.
TI Paleomagnetic results from Tertiary volcanic strata and intrusions,
Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity:
Contributions to the North American apparent polar wander path
SO TECTONOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Paleomagnetism; Magnetic anomalies; Apparent polar wander; Rock
magnetism; Cenozoic volcanism; Yellowstone National Park
ID REMAGNETIZATION CIRCLES; INDEPENDENCE VOLCANO; PROVINCE; MONTANA;
MAGMATISM; MOUNTAINS; PLATE; FIELD; USA
AB We report paleomagnetic and rock magnetic data from volcanic, volcaniclastic, and intrusive rocks of the 55-44 Ma Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup (AVS) exposed along the northeastern margin of Yellowstone National Park and adjacent areas. Demagnetization behavior and rock magnetic experiments indicate that the remanence in most samples is carried by low-Ti titanomagnetite, although high-coercivity phases are present in oxidized basalt flows. Paleomagnetic demagnetization and rock magnetic characteristics, the presence of normal and reverse polarity sites, consistency with previous results, and positive conglomerate tests suggest that the observed remanences are primary thermoremanent magnetizations of Eocene age (c. 50 Ma). An in situ grand-mean for 22 individual site- or cooling-unit means from this study that yield acceptable data combined with published data from Independence volcano yields a declination of 347.6 degrees and inclination of 59.2 degrees (k = 21.8, alpha(95)=6.8 degrees) and a positive reversal test. Averaging 21 virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) that are well-grouped yields a mean at 137.1 degrees E, 82.5 degrees N (K=17.6, A(95) = 7.8 degrees), similar to results previously obtained from published studies from the AVS. Combining the VGPs from our study with published data yields a combined AVS pole at 146.3 degrees E, 83.1 degrees N (K =13.5, A(95) = 6.2 degrees, N =42 VGPs). Both poles are indistinguishable from c. 50 Ma cratonic and synthetic reference poles for North America, and demonstrate the relative stability of this part of the Cordillera with respect to the craton. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Harlan, Stephen S.] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Morgan, Lisa A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Harlan, SS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM sharlan@gmu.edu; lmorgan@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey Central Region Mineral Resources Team; GMU Summer
Faculty Research Award; National Science Foundation
FX Funding for paleomagnetic study of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic
rocks in YNP was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Central Region
Mineral Resources Team, and by a GMU Summer Faculty Research Award.
Paleomagnetic analyses were made using facilities at George Mason
University, the U.S. Geological Survey (Denver), and the University of
New Mexico. We thank John Geissman for use of the UNM Paleomagnetism
Laboratory. The National Science Foundation I/D program supported
preparation of the manuscript. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this article are those of the author and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. R.
Van der Voo and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive comments,
which helped improve the paper.
NR 67
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U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0040-1951
J9 TECTONOPHYSICS
JI Tectonophysics
PD APR 1
PY 2010
VL 485
IS 1-4
BP 245
EP 259
DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.025
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 588VT
UT WOS:000277103300019
ER
PT J
AU Block, G
Morrison, ML
AF Block, Giselle
Morrison, Michael L.
TI LARGE-SCALE EFFECTS ON BIRD ASSEMBLAGES IN DESERT GRASSLANDS
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE desert grasslands; bird assemblages; habitat restoration; Arizona; New
Mexico
ID SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA
AB During winter 1996-1997 and summer 1997, we surveyed birds at 26 study sites in desert grasslands of Arizona and New Mexico to determine tolerance of birds to variability in plant composition and structure. The relationship between bird abundance and vegetative characteristics might be an important consideration in the development of management and restoration plans. Of the 49 bird species we observed, we examined and 16 species in detail for winter and summer seasons, respectively. A noticeable shift in species composition occurred between 3% and 10% woody plant cover. During winter Chestnut-collared Longspurs (Calcarins ornatus) and Horned Link's (Ercmophila alpestris) showed significant positive relationships with grass cover and negative relationships with woody plant cover, occurring in greatest numbers where woody cover was <1%. The richness of sparrow species during winter was highest among sites with 6% to 15% woody plant cover. In addition to showing significant positive relationships with woody cover, Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineas), Black-throated Sparrows (Amphispiza bilineata), Brewer's Sparrows (Spirella breweri), and Chipping Sparrows (S. passerina) showed significant positive relationships with shrub species richness. Our results showed that reductions of woody plant cover below 3% in combination with the presence of native grasses could substantially enhance the presence of several bird species. Maintenance of woody cover between 6% rind 15% could increase use by a suite of other species, especially wintering sparrows.
C1 [Morrison, Michael L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Block, Giselle] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
RP Morrison, ML (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM mlmorrison@ag.tamu.edu
FU USDA Forest Service, Rocks, Mountain Research Station; Arizona Game and
Fish Department; And Lands Consortium
FX Our work was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Rocks, Mountain
Research Station; the Arizona Game and Fish Department; and the And
Lands Consortium. We thank P. Krausman and S. Hopp, University of
Arizona, for their guidance; M. Bucci, J. White, and M. Sureda for field
assistance; members of the Malpais Borderlands Group and other ranchers
in the region for their historical perspective, knowledge of desert
grasslands, and generous logistical support; and G. Block and P. Kenison
for their support. Two anonymous reviewers improved our manuscript.
NR 24
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PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 70
IS 1
BP 19
EP 25
DI 10.3398/064.070.0103
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 595IS
UT WOS:000277604500003
ER
PT J
AU Fleskes, JP
Gregory, CJ
AF Fleskes, Joseph P.
Gregory, Christopher J.
TI DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF WATERBIRD HABITAT DURING SPRING IN SOUTHERN
OREGON-NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Landsat; spring habitat; waterfowl; waterbirds; Great Basin; Oregon;
California
ID NORTHERN PINTAILS; CENTRAL-VALLEY; MIGRATION; SHOREBIRDS; ABUNDANCE;
AREA
AB F. The southern Oregon northeastern California and extreme northwestern Nevada (hereafter "SONEC") region provides critical spring migration habitat for waterfowl and other waterbirds in the Pacific Flyway. Information On the dynamics and distribution of waterbird habitats in SONEC during spring is needed to guide conservation efforts in the region. We grouped 1992 National Land Cover Data classes into 5 potential waterbird habitat types and used Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus satellite imagery to map flooding of these habitat types in SONEC during February May, 2002 and 2003. SONEC included 13,727 km(2) of potential waterbird habitat comprised of grasslands (37.1%), pasture/hay (24.6%), marsh (15.9%), open wetland (11.8%), and croplands (10.6%). On average, 11.9% of this potential habitat was flooded dining spring., but the percentage, and composition varied within and among years and subregions. Total flooding increased from 693 km(2) in February to 2099 km(2) in April during 2002 and from 1630 km(2) in February to 2125 km(2) in May during 2003. Open wetland comprised 58%-74%, marsh 8%-18%, pasture/hay 4%-11%, grassland 4%-17%, and cropland 3%-8% of the flooded habitat in SONEC. Satellite imagery and land-use data provided useful estimates of waterbird habitat availability in SONEC during spring, but other methods should be tested to more accurately measure flooding of densely vegetated habitats such as marsh. with <12% of the potential habitat flooded on average during spring, conservation programs have ample opportunity to improve the SONEC landscape for migrating waterbirds.
C1 [Fleskes, Joseph P.; Gregory, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov
FU Tuscany, Research Institute of Las Vegas, Nevada
FX We thank Mr. Tony Marnell, who through the Tuscany, Research Institute
of Las Vegas, Nevada, provided some operational funding for this
project. The institute distributed it grant to Ducks Unlimited, Inc., in
Memphis. Tennessee, which dispersed funds to the USGS Western Ecological
Research Center and the California Waterfowl Association to conduct
pintail research, of which this study was part. Logistical support was
also provided by the USGS Western Ecological Research Center. Bill Perry
and Laurie Williams provided GIS support. We also thank Mark Petrie, 2
anonymous reviewers, and the editors for their suggestions for improving
the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this
publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. government.
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PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 70
IS 1
BP 26
EP 38
DI 10.3398/064.070.0104
PG 13
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 595IS
UT WOS:000277604500004
ER
PT J
AU Baldwin, RA
Bender, LC
AF Baldwin, Roger A.
Bender, Louis C.
TI DENNING CHRONOLOGY OF BLACK BEARS IN EASTERN ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL
PARK, COLORADO
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE black bear; Colorado; denning chronology; NDVI; precipitation;
temperature; Ursus americanus
ID URSUS-AMERICANUS; NEW-MEXICO; NDVI; PRODUCTIVITY; WASHINGTON; RESPONSES;
PATTERNS; HABITAT; FOOD
AB Understanding factors influencing the timing of den entrance and emergence of black bears (firms americanus) provides insight for bear management. We determined den entrance and emergence dates for bears in Rocky Mountain National Bark (RMNP) and related these dates to vegetative productivity, weather, habitat, and demographic factors to assess the influence of these factors on denning chronology. Date olden entrance was most strongly influenced by age class, precipitation, and proportion of human-use areas in annual home ranges. Den entrance was typically later for adult bears (luring wetter years and when annual home ranges contained a greater proportion of human-use areas. Sex and presence of human-use areas were most strongly related to den emergence. Male bears typically emerged from dens before females, and bears emerged from dens earlier when human-use areas composed a greater proportion of annual home ranges. Collectively, our results suggest that denning behavior of black bears in RMNP was strongly influenced by presence of human-use areas, likely because of foods associated with such areas. Managers of black bears in RMNP can use precipitation to predict relative dates of entrance, thereby allowing for more efficient strategies to combat potentially negative human black bear encounters.
C1 [Baldwin, Roger A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Bender, Louis C.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
RP Baldwin, RA (reprint author), UC Kearney Agr Ctr, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA.
EM rbaldwin@uckac.edu
FU Rocky Mountain National Park; United States Geological Survey; The New
Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station
FX This research was funded by Rocky Mountain National Park and the United
States Geological Survey. The New Mexico State University Agricultural
Experiment Station provided additional financial assistance. S. Graham,
B. Hoenes, L. Poison, M. Poison, and K. Snow provided valuable field
assistance.
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PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 70
IS 1
BP 48
EP 54
DI 10.3398/064.070.0106
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 595IS
UT WOS:000277604500006
ER
PT J
AU Howell, CA
Wood, JK
Dettling, MD
Griggs, K
Otte, CC
Lina, L
Gardali, T
AF Howell, Christine A.
Wood, Julian K.
Dettling, Mark D.
Griggs, Kenneth
Otte, Codie C.
Lina, Linette
Gardali, Thomas
TI LEAST BELL'S VIREO BREEDING RECORDS IN THE CENTRAL VALLEY FOLLOWING
DECADES OF EXTIRPATION
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Least Bell's Vireo; Vireo bellii pusillus; endangered species;
dispersal; restoration; riparian; Central Valley; California
ID NATAL DISPERSAL; PUSILLUS; CALIFORNIA
AB The Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) was listed as state endangered in 1980 and federally endangered in 1986 in response to a sharp population decline and range reduction. This vireo commonly bred in riparian forests throughout the Central Valley of California, lint prior to 2005, no nesting pairs had been confirmed in the region in over 50 years. On 29 June 2005, a Least Bells Vireo nest was located in a 3-year-old riparian restoration site at the San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge in Stainslaus County, California. In 2006, a Least Bell's Vireo pair returned to the refuge to successfully breed, followed by an unsuccessful attempt in 2007 by an unpaired female. These records are approximately 350 km (nun the nearest known breeding population and appear to be part of a growing number of sightings outside of the species' current southern California breeding range. These nesting attempts lend credence to the idea that extirpated species can recolonize restored habitat by long-distance dispersal.
C1 [Howell, Christine A.; Wood, Julian K.; Dettling, Mark D.; Otte, Codie C.; Gardali, Thomas] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Griggs, Kenneth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Los Banos, CA 93635 USA.
RP Howell, CA (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr,11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
EM chowell@prbo.org
FU USFWS; Central Valley Project Improvement Act Habitat Restoration
Program; National Science Foundation [DB1-0533918]
FX Collection of avian data was supported by the USFWS and by Central
Valley Project Improvement Act Habitat Restoration Program funds
administered through the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Thanks to USFWS
staff Kim Forrest, Bob Parris, Eric Hopson, and Dennis Woolington for
assisting with logistics and data collection at the San Luis NWR Complex
and to River Partners for sharing their expertise. PRBO interns Po-Hon
"Boris" Liu, Tadayasu Uchiyama, and Irene Koulouris assisted with data
collection. We also acknowledge John Luther for sharing his Central
Valley Bird Club Bulletin collection, Barbara Kus for banding assistance
and stimulating discussion, the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology
for use of their collections, Julie Rentner for comments on the
manuscript, and the many individuals who shared their personal
observations. Portions of this manuscript were written at the Palomarin
Field Station, which received support from the National Science
Foundation (DB1-0533918). This manuscript is PRBO contribution number
1685.
NR 48
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U2 15
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 70
IS 1
BP 105
EP 113
DI 10.3398/064.070.0111
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 595IS
UT WOS:000277604500011
ER
PT J
AU Atkinson, RB
Perry, JE
Noe, GB
Daniels, WL
Cairns, J
AF Atkinson, Robert B.
Perry, James E.
Noe, Gregory B.
Daniels, W. Lee
Cairns, John, Jr.
TI Primary Productivity in 20-year Old Created Wetlands in Southwestern
Virginia
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Functional performance; Nutrient limitation; Peak standing crop; Tissue
nutrient content
ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; COMMUNITY-DEVELOPMENT; PHOSPHORUS RETENTION;
NUTRIENT LIMITATION; WEIGHTED AVERAGES; ORGANIC-MATTER; PATTERNS;
BIOMASS; TYPHA; ACCUMULATION
AB Thousands of depressional wetlands accidentally formed as a result of pre-1977 contour coal mining in the Appalachian Mountains. Eleven 20-yr old sites were found in a watershed that did not receive acid mine drainage. The purpose of this study was to quantify and model above- and below-ground plant biomass in these created wetlands and to evaluate functional development. Sampling was stratified by weighted average of two plant communities, which corresponded to shallower and deeper water levels, facultative wetland and obligate wetland communities, respectively. In 1994, peak above- ground biomass averaged 473.7 g m(-2) in the facultative wetland community and 409.5 g m(-2) in the obligate wetland community. Scirpus cyperinus exhibited the highest peak above- ground biomass (51.8% of total biomass) and Typha latifolia ranked second. Canonical correspondence analysis detected positive effects of longer soil exposure to the atmosphere and greater sediment depth on above- ground biomass at the site (wetland ecosystem) level. Within communities, forward stepwise regression identified positive association of above-ground biomass with water soluble reactive P, water soluble NH(3), decomposition rate over 507 d, live S. cyperinus tissue P content, and sediment depth. When these results are combined with prior studies conducted at the same 20-yr old sites, it appears that both structural and functional development has been arrested at a somewhat immature state resulting primarily from soil and hydrologic factors.
C1 [Atkinson, Robert B.; Cairns, John, Jr.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Perry, James E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Daniels, W. Lee] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Atkinson, RB (reprint author), Christopher Newport Univ, Ctr Wetland Conservat, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM atkinson@cnu.edu
OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646
FU Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
FX Katie Haering, Velva Groover, W. T. Price, Colin Rosenquist, David
Jones, and Barbara Niederlehner provided field and laboratory
assistance, Darla Donald provided editorial assistance, and Barbara
Falls and Teresa Moody also provided help. We gratefully acknowledge the
support of Vann Weaver and the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and
Enforcement. The efforts of four anonymous reviewers were appreciated.
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PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 200
EP 210
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0033-y
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 608ZZ
UT WOS:000278625800003
ER
PT J
AU Daniels, JS
Cade, BS
Sartoris, JJ
AF Daniels, Joan S. (Thullen)
Cade, Brian S.
Sartoris, James J.
TI Measuring Bulrush Culm Relationships to Estimate Plant Biomass Within a
Southern California Treatment Wetland
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aquatic vegetation; Non-destructive sampling; Schoenoplectus acutus;
Schoenoplectus californicus; Wetland plant biomass; Wetland plant
density
ID WATER-TREATMENT WETLAND; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; WASTE-WATER; VEGETATION;
NITROGEN; REMOVAL; RATES
AB Assessment of emergent vegetation biomass can be time consuming and labor intensive. To establish a less onerous, yet accurate method, for determining emergent plant biomass than by direct measurements we collected vegetation data over a six-year period and modeled biomass using easily obtained variables: culm (stem) diameter, culm height and culm density. From 1998 through 2005, we collected emergent vegetation samples (Schoenoplectus californicus and Schoenoplectus acutus) at a constructed treatment wetland in San Jacinto, California during spring and fall. Various statistical models were run on the data to determine the strongest relationships. We found that the nonlinear relationship: CB = beta(0)DH(beta 1)10(epsilon), where CB was dry culm biomass (g m(-2)), DH was density of culms x average height of culms in a plot, and beta(0) and beta(1) were parameters to estimate, proved to be the best fit for predicting dried-live above-ground biomass of the two Schoenoplectus species. The random error distribution, e, was either assumed to be normally distributed for mean regression estimates or assumed to be an unspecified continuous distribution for quantile regression estimates.
C1 [Daniels, Joan S. (Thullen)] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Daniels, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, POB 25007 86-68220, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM joan_daniels@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Lower Colorado Regional and Southern California
Area Offices of the Bureau of Reclamation
FX The research described in this paper was carried out with funding from
the U.S. Geological Survey and the Lower Colorado Regional and Southern
California Area Offices of the Bureau of Reclamation. We thank Eastern
Municipal Water District for the many years of cooperation and allowing
us to work on their property, using their wastewater and facilities to
test our hypotheses, and for providing assistance and numerous in-kind
services. We extend special acknowledgement and thanks to Jet
Somsuvanskul, Debbie Petersen, Brian Anderson, Ken Marshall, Christie
Crother, Stella Denison, Bill Walton, Doug Andersen, and S. Mark Nelson
for their long-term cooperation, assistance, and advice. We also
appreciate the work of two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions greatly
improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.
S. Government.
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PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 231
EP 239
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0018-x
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 608ZZ
UT WOS:000278625800006
ER
PT J
AU Keeland, BD
Draugelis-Dale, RO
Mccoy, JW
AF Keeland, Bobby D.
Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O.
McCoy, John W.
TI Tree Growth and Mortality During 20 Years of Managing a Green-Tree
Reservoir in Arkansas, USA
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Forested wetlands; Predictions; Probit analysis; Vigor
ID IMPOUNDMENT; MANAGEMENT; HARDWOODS; SAPLINGS; FOREST
AB Green-Tree Reservoirs (GTR) are bottomland hardwood forests that are flooded during late fall and winter to provide waterfowl habitat. Early reports suggested that increased moisture improved tree growth and mast production; however, recent reports showed reduced vigor and growth. This study examines the effects of 20 years of GTR management practices in the Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge, Crossett, Arkansas. Tree species composition, size characteristics, and vigor classes were measured in 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2006. The overall annual tree mortality rate was 2.6%, with high elevations at 1.7% and low elevations at 3.1%. Annual mortality rates exceeded 3% for willow oak (Quercus phellos) and water hickory (Carya aquatica), while rates for Nuttall oak (Q. texana), overcup oak (Q. lyrata), and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) were lower at 2.8, 2.4, and 1.5%, respectively. Tree health (vigor) has degraded substantially for over 60% of trees initially rated in good or fair condition. Statistical probit models were generated to predict short-term (5 years) and long-term (15 years) vigor degradation. Low numbers of saplings and little advanced regeneration indicated lack of tree replacement, suggesting that inundation strategies of the GTR management may have long-term impacts on forest structure and composition in the southeastern United States.
C1 [Keeland, Bobby D.; Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O.; McCoy, John W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Mccoy, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM john_mccoy@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge staff, Jim Johnston, Larry Threet,
Ruth MacDonald, Justin Mason, and Ame New, and volunteers, Bill Runyan,
Karen Hanley, and Glenda Gresham, and Carrie Jobe (IAP World Services)
all provided invaluable assistance with field data collection. Beth
Middleton, Rebecca Howard, Ken Krauss, and Richard Day of USGS National
Wetlands Research Center and James Allen of Northern Arizona University
provided manuscript reviews. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
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PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 345
EP 357
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0025-y
PG 13
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 608ZZ
UT WOS:000278625800016
ER
PT J
AU Conway, CJ
Nadeau, CP
AF Conway, Courtney J.
Nadeau, Christopher P.
TI Effects of Broadcasting Conspecific and Heterospecific Calls on
Detection of Marsh Birds in North America
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bitterns; Call-broadcast surveys; Detection probability; Marshlands;
Rails; Tape playback
ID TAPE-RECORDED CALLS; RESPONSE SURVEYS; LEAST BITTERNS; RAILS;
WATERBIRDS; PLAYBACK
AB Standardized protocols that include the use of call-broadcast have recently been proposed for marsh birds in North America. We used data from point-count surveys collected across North America over eight years to evaluate the extent to which each of 13 focal marsh bird species responded to conspecific and heterospecific call-broadcast relative to passive survey methods. Surveyors detected more individuals during the 1-minute of conspecific call-broadcast compared to each of the five 1-minute passive segments and all of the 1-minute heterospecific call-broadcast segments for all species. Surveyors also detected more individuals during most of the 1-minute heterospecific call-broadcast segments compared to the 1-minute passive segments. Most birds responded to conspecific call-broadcast quickly (within 1 min), but we found some evidence for a lag time in birds' response to conspecific calls. The percent increase in the number of birds detected as a result of conspecific call-broadcast (relative to passive survey methods) varied between 14% (American bitterns [Botaurus lentiginosus]) to 632% (purple gallinules [Porphyrula martinica]). We recommend the use of point-count surveys that include both passive and call-broadcast segments for numerous marsh birds when collecting data to assess occupancy, evaluate the effects of wetland management practices, and estimate population trends of marsh birds.
C1 [Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM cconway@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey
FX We thank the hundreds of surveyors (including many individuals from the
National Wildlife Refuge System) from across North America who conducted
marsh bird surveys and provided their data to the pooled database. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Geological Survey provided funding
for coordination, data entry, data proofing, and data analyses.
NR 35
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PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
EI 1943-6246
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 358
EP 368
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0030-1
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 608ZZ
UT WOS:000278625800017
ER
PT J
AU Grapentine, JL
Kowalski, KP
AF Grapentine, Joel L.
Kowalski, Kurt P.
TI Georeferencing Large-Scale Aerial Photographs of a Great Lakes Coastal
Wetland: a Modified Photogrammetric Method
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerial photo interpretation; Geocontrol template; GIS; GPS; Photo mosaic
ID VEGETATION; MARSH
AB The geocontrol template method was developed to georeference multiple, overlapping analog aerial photographs without reliance upon conventionally obtained horizontal ground control. The method was tested as part of a long-term wetland habitat restoration project at a Lake Erie coastal wetland complex in the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge. As in most coastal wetlands, annually identifiable ground-control features required to georeference photo-interpreted data are difficult to find. The geocontrol template method relies on the following four components: (a) an uncontrolled aerial photo mosaic of the study area, (b) global positioning system (GPS) derived horizontal coordinates of each photo's principal point, (c) a geocontrol template created by the transfer of fiducial markings and calculated principal points to clear acetate from individual photographs arranged in a mosaic, and (d) the root-mean-square-error testing of the system to ensure an acceptable level of planimetric accuracy. Once created for a study area, the geocontrol template can be registered in geographic information system (GIS) software to facilitate interpretation of multiple images without individual image registration. The geocontrol template enables precise georeferencing of single images within larger blocks of photographs using a repeatable and consistent method.
C1 [Kowalski, Kurt P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Grapentine, JL (reprint author), 5926 N Mississippi Ave, Portland, OR 97217 USA.
EM joelgrapentine@gmail.com; kkowalski@usgs.gov
OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701
NR 12
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U1 1
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 369
EP 374
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0027-9
PG 6
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 608ZZ
UT WOS:000278625800018
ER
PT J
AU Boustany, RG
Michot, TC
Moss, RF
AF Boustany, Ronald G.
Michot, Thomas C.
Moss, Rebecca F.
TI Effects of salinity and light on biomass and growth of Vallisneria
americana from Lower St. Johns River, FL, USA
SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Vallisneria americana Michx.; Submerged aquatic vegetation; Salinity;
Light
ID TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CALOOSAHATCHEE
ESTUARY; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; VASCULAR PLANTS;
CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; WILD CELERY; MACROPHYTES
AB A mesocosm study was conducted to determine the effects of variable salinity and light on Vallisneria americana Michx. (wild celery) and associated algal community components in the lower St. Johns River, Florida. Fifteen centimeter diameter intact plant plugs were collected from the LSJR in March 2001 and transported to mesocosm facilities in Lafayette, Louisiana. A factorial experimental design was used consisting of three salinity levels (1, 8, and 18 ppt), three light levels (0, 50, and 90% shading), and three replicate mesocosms of each for a total of 27 mesocosms. The experiment consisted of a 4-week acclimation period followed by a 5-month treatment period. V. americana responded negatively to increased salinity. Although V. americana survived 8 ppt salinity, growth was limited. At 18 ppt, almost all V. americana aboveground biomass had perished within 10 weeks, but when salinity was lowered back to 1 ppt, approximately 20% of the aboveground biomass recovered within the following 10 weeks. At midtreatment harvest, light did not affect V. americana biomass directly (P = 0.8240), but by final harvest (20 weeks) light affected belowground biomass (P < 0.0014). Both salinity and light affected algal growth. Macroalgae dominated 1 ppt salinity treatments in ambient light, but phytoplankton dominated 8 and 18 ppt salinity treatments in ambient light. Algal communities were greatly inhibited by 90% shading. While salinity directly impacted V. americana growth and survival, light effects were less direct and involved algal community associations.
C1 [Boustany, Ronald G.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Moss, Rebecca F.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Boustany, Ronald G.; Michot, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Boustany, RG (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, 646 Cajundome Blvd,Suite 180, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM ron.boustany@la.usda.gov
FU Lower St. Johns River Water Management District
FX We thank the Lower St. Johns River Water Management District for funding
this project. We acknowledge Alicia McKinney, David Girardin, Emily
Stecker, Fred Basnett, Jim Messer, Jennifer Sagan, and Michele Lockwood
for their assistance in the field. We would also like to recognize Dean
Campbell, Michelle Jeansonne, and Dean Dubberfohl for their roles in
coordinating our efforts with the district and serving as our contacts
for this project. As always, we would like to thank John Burns for his
original involvement with this project. At NWRC we thank Laura Lawton,
Scott Kemmerer, Jeremy Reiser, and Tricia Lavin of Johnson Controls
World Services (JCWS) and Jonathan LeBlanc for helping with the
harvesting and processing of samples. We especially thank Darren Johnson
of JCWS for statistical consultation and review and Brian Davis (DU),
Beth Vairin (USGS), Chris Swarzinski (USGS) and Joy Merino (NOAA) for
editorial comments to the manuscript. Finally, we thank the University
of Louisiana at Lafayette Ira Nelson Horticulture Center for the use of
greenhouse facilities and especially thank Jackie Carlisi and Billy
Welsh for coordinating our use of these facilities. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0923-4861
J9 WETL ECOL MANAG
JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag.
PD APR
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 2
BP 203
EP 217
DI 10.1007/s11273-009-9160-8
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 571MM
UT WOS:000275755900008
ER
PT J
AU Derryberry, E
Claramunt, S
Chesser, RT
Aleixo, A
Cracraft, J
Moyle, RG
Brumfield, RT
AF Derryberry, Elizabeth
Claramunt, Santiago
Chesser, R. Terry
Aleixo, Alexandre
Cracraft, Joel
Moyle, Robert G.
Brumfield, Robb T.
TI Certhiasomus, a new genus of woodcreeper (Aves: Passeriformes:
Dendrocolaptidae)
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE Deconychura longicauda; Deconychura stictolaema; Certhiasomus
stictolaemus; morphometric heterogeneity; phylogeny; ranking criteria
ID MODEL SELECTION; PHYLOGENETICS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; SYSTEMATICS; ALLOMETRY;
INFERENCE; EVOLUTION; SHAPE
AB Phylogenetic analysis of the family Dendrocolaptidae (Aves: Passeriformes) indicates that the two species traditionally placed in the genus Deconychura are not sister taxa. Certhiasomus, a new genus of woodcreeper, is described for one of these species, C. stictolaemus.
C1 [Derryberry, Elizabeth; Claramunt, Santiago; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Derryberry, Elizabeth; Claramunt, Santiago; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Aleixo, Alexandre] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66040170 Belem, Para, Brazil.
[Cracraft, Joel] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, New York, NY 10024 USA.
[Moyle, Robert G.] Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Moyle, Robert G.] Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
RP Derryberry, E (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RI Aleixo, Alexandre/L-3135-2013; Derryberry, Elizabeth/C-2396-2011;
OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688
FU NSF [DBI-0400797, DEB-0543562]; AToL [EAR-0228693]; CNPq (Brazil)
[476212/2007-3]
FX We are grateful to the following people and institutions for providing
tissue samples: John Bates and David Willard, Bird Division, Field
Museum of Natural History; and Nate Rice, Ornithology, The Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. We thank Donna Dittmann, George
Barrowclough and Paul Sweet for assistance in acquiring tissues. We are
also grateful to Richard Banks, Al Gardner, Roy McDiarmid, and the LSU
bird group for comments and discussion concerning the manuscript. This
research was supported in part by NSF grants DBI-0400797 and DEB-0543562
to RTB, AToL EAR-0228693 to JC, and CNPq (Brazil) grant 476212/2007-3 to
AA.
NR 30
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U1 0
U2 0
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD APR 1
PY 2010
IS 2416
BP 44
EP 50
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 576PZ
UT WOS:000276159300002
ER
PT J
AU Derryberry, E
Claramunt, S
O'Quin, KE
Aleixo, A
Chesser, RT
Remsen, JV
Brumfield, RT
AF Derryberry, Elizabeth
Claramunt, Santiago
O'Quin, Kelly E.
Aleixo, Alexandre
Chesser, R. Terry
Remsen, J. V., Jr.
Brumfield, Robb T.
TI Pseudasthenes, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes:
Furnariidae)
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE Asthenes; Oreophylax; Schizoeaca; phylogeny; taxonomy
ID BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; NEST ARCHITECTURE; EVOLUTION;
SYSTEMATICS; SELECTION; MRBAYES
AB Phylogenetic analysis of the family Furnariidae (Aves: Passeriformes) indicates that the genus Asthenes is polyphyletic, consisting of two groups that are not sister taxa. Pseudasthenes, a new genus of ovenbird, is described for one of these groups. The four species included in the new genus, formerly placed in Asthenes, are P. humicola, P. patagonica, P. steinbachi, and P. cactorum.
C1 [Derryberry, Elizabeth; Claramunt, Santiago; O'Quin, Kelly E.; Remsen, J. V., Jr.; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Derryberry, Elizabeth; Claramunt, Santiago; O'Quin, Kelly E.; Remsen, J. V., Jr.; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[O'Quin, Kelly E.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Aleixo, Alexandre] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66040170 Belem, Para, Brazil.
[Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
RP Derryberry, E (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RI Aleixo, Alexandre/L-3135-2013; Derryberry, Elizabeth/C-2396-2011;
OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688
FU NSF [DBI-0400797, DEB-0543562]
FX We are grateful to the following people and institutions for providing
tissue samples: George Barrowclough and Paul Sweet, Department of
Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History; Colecao Ornitologica do
Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; John
Bates and David Willard, Bird Division, Field Museum of Natural History;
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; C.
Daniel Cadena, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota; Fabricio Santos,
Laboratorio de Biodiversidade e Evolucao Molecular da Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais. We thank Donna Dittmann and James Dean for
assistance in acquiring tissues, Andres Cuervo for making a special
effort to collect sequences of Schizoeaca perijana, and Richard Banks
and Storrs Olson for taxonomic advice. Brett Whitney, Neal Woodman, and
Richard Banks made many helpful comments on an earlier draft of this
manuscript. This research was supported in part by NSF grants
DBI-0400797 and DEB-0543562 to RTB. Any use of trade, product, or firm
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
the U.S. Government.
NR 30
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U1 0
U2 0
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD APR 1
PY 2010
IS 2416
BP 61
EP 68
PG 8
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 576PZ
UT WOS:000276159300004
ER
PT J
AU Spudis, PD
Bussey, DBJ
Baloga, SM
Butler, BJ
Carl, D
Carter, LM
Chakraborty, M
Elphic, RC
Gillis-Davis, JJ
Goswami, JN
Heggy, E
Hillyard, M
Jensen, R
Kirk, RL
LaVallee, D
McKerracher, P
Neish, CD
Nozette, S
Nylund, S
Palsetia, M
Patterson, W
Robinson, MS
Raney, RK
Schulze, RC
Sequeira, H
Skura, J
Thompson, TW
Thomson, BJ
Ustinov, EA
Winters, HL
AF Spudis, P. D.
Bussey, D. B. J.
Baloga, S. M.
Butler, B. J.
Carl, D.
Carter, L. M.
Chakraborty, M.
Elphic, R. C.
Gillis-Davis, J. J.
Goswami, J. N.
Heggy, E.
Hillyard, M.
Jensen, R.
Kirk, R. L.
LaVallee, D.
McKerracher, P.
Neish, C. D.
Nozette, S.
Nylund, S.
Palsetia, M.
Patterson, W.
Robinson, M. S.
Raney, R. K.
Schulze, R. C.
Sequeira, H.
Skura, J.
Thompson, T. W.
Thomson, B. J.
Ustinov, E. A.
Winters, H. L.
TI Initial results for the north pole of the Moon from Mini-SAR,
Chandrayaan-1 mission
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LUNAR SOUTH-POLE; RADAR EXPERIMENT; ICE DEPOSITS; MERCURY; SURFACE;
IMAGES
AB We present new polarimetric radar data for the sur face of the north pole of the Moon acquired with the Mini-SAR experiment onboard India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft. Between mid-February and mid-April, 2009, Mini-SAR mapped more than 95% of the areas polewards of 80 latitude at a resolution of 150 meters. The north polar region displays backscatter properties typical for the Moon, with circular polarization ratio (CPR) values in the range of 0.1-0.3, increasing to over 1.0 for young primary impact craters. These higher CPR values likely reflect surface roughness associated with these fresh features. In contrast, some craters in this region show elevated CPR in their interiors, but not exterior to their rims. Almost all of these features are in permanent sun shadow and correlate with proposed locations of polar ice modeled on the basis of Lunar Prospector neutron data. These relations are consistent with deposits of water ice in these craters. Citation: Spudis, P. D., et al. (2010), Initial results for the north pole of the Moon from Mini-SAR, Chandrayaan-1 mission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06204, doi: 10.10292009GL042259.
C1 [Spudis, P. D.; Nozette, S.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Bussey, D. B. J.; Carl, D.; Hillyard, M.; Jensen, R.; LaVallee, D.; McKerracher, P.; Neish, C. D.; Nylund, S.; Patterson, W.; Raney, R. K.; Schulze, R. C.; Sequeira, H.; Skura, J.; Thomson, B. J.; Winters, H. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Baloga, S. M.] Proxemy Res Inc, Laytonville, MD 20882 USA.
[Butler, B. J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[Carter, L. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Chakraborty, M.] ISRO, Ctr Space Applicat, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India.
[Elphic, R. C.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Planetary Syst Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Gillis-Davis, J. J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Goswami, J. N.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
[Heggy, E.; Thompson, T. W.; Ustinov, E. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Palsetia, M.] Vexcel Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Robinson, M. S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP Spudis, PD (reprint author), Lunar & Planetary Inst, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM spudis@lpi.usra.edu
RI Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012; Neish, Catherine/G-6321-2012; Heggy,
Essam/E-8250-2013; Ustinov, Eugene/D-1350-2015
OI Heggy, Essam/0000-0001-7476-2735; Ustinov, Eugene/0000-0003-0227-4286
NR 27
TC 74
Z9 78
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 31
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L06204
DI 10.1029/2009GL042259
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 578SB
UT WOS:000276314400002
ER
PT J
AU Xu, TF
Kharaka, YK
Doughty, C
Freifeld, BM
Daley, TM
AF Xu, Tianfu
Kharaka, Yousif K.
Doughty, Christine
Freifeld, Barry M.
Daley, Thomas M.
TI Reactive transport modeling to study changes in water chemistry induced
by CO2 injection at the Frio-I Brine Pilot
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CO2 sequestration; Frio Formation; Water chemistry; Iron release;
Reactive transport modeling
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; ROCK INTERACTIONS; GEOLOGICAL
SEQUESTRATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT; AQUIFER
DISPOSAL; GREENHOUSE GASES; SALINE AQUIFERS; SIMULATION
AB To demonstrate the potential for geologic storage of CO2 in saline aquifers, the Frio-I Brine Pilot was conducted, during which 1600 tons of CO2 were injected into a high-permeability sandstone and the resulting subsurface plume of CO2 was monitored using a variety of hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical techniques. Fluid samples were obtained before CO2 injection for baseline geochemical characterization, during the CO2 injection to track its breakthrough at a nearby observation well, and after injection to investigate changes in fluid composition and potential leakage into an overlying zone. Following CO2 breakthrough at the observation well, brine samples showed sharp drops in pH, pronounced increases in HCO3- and aqueous Fe, and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O and dissolved inorganic carbon. Based on a calibrated 1-D radial flow model, reactive transport modeling was performed for the Frio-I Brine Pilot. A simple kinetic model of Fe release from the solid to aqueous phase was developed, which can reproduce the observed increases in aqueous Fe concentration. Brine samples collected after half a year had lower Fe concentrations due to carbonate precipitation, and this trend can be also captured by our modeling. The paper provides a method for estimating potential mobile Fe inventory, and its bounding concentration in the storage formation from limited observation data. Long-term simulations show that the CO2 plume gradually spreads outward due to capillary forces, and the gas saturation gradually decreases due to its dissolution and precipitation of carbonates. The gas phase is predicted to disappear after 500 years. Elevated aqueous CO2 concentrations remain for a longer time, but eventually decrease due to carbonate precipitation. For the Frio-I Brine Pilot, all injected CO2 could ultimately be sequestered as carbonate minerals. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Tianfu; Doughty, Christine; Freifeld, Barry M.; Daley, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kharaka, Yousif K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Xu, TF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM tianfu_xu@lbl.gov
RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015; Doughty,
Christine/G-2389-2015
OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843;
NR 55
TC 91
Z9 93
U1 2
U2 45
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD MAR 30
PY 2010
VL 271
IS 3-4
BP 153
EP 164
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.01.006
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 582JI
UT WOS:000276592800006
ER
PT J
AU Wang, GH
Suemine, A
Schulz, WH
AF Wang, Gonghui
Suemine, Akira
Schulz, William H.
TI Shear-rate-dependent strength control on the dynamics of
rainfall-triggered landslides, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
LA English
DT Article
DE creep movement; serpentinite landslide; residual shear strength; rate
effect; mechanism
ID EXCESS PORE PRESSURE; RESIDUAL STRENGTH; SOIL; CREEP; VELOCITY; TESTS;
SANDS; APPARATUS; FAILURE; CLAYS
AB A typhoon (Typhoon No. 10) attacked Shikoku Island and the Tyugoku area of Japan in 2004. This typhoon produced a new daily precipitation record of 1317 mm on Shikoku Island and triggered hundreds of landslides in Tokushima Prefecture. One catastrophic landslide was triggered in the Shiraishi area of Kisawa village, and destroyed more than 10 houses while also leaving an unstable block high on the slope. The unstable block kept moving after the event, showing accelerating and decelerating movement during and after rainfall and reaching a displacement of several meters before countermeasures were put into place. To examine the mechanism for this landsliding characteristic, samples (weathered serpentinite) were taken from the field, and their shear behaviours examined using ring shear tests. The test results revealed that the residual shear strength of the samples is positively dependent on the shear rate, which may provide an explanation for the continuous accelerating decelerating process of the landsliding. The roughness of the shear surface and the microstructure of the shear zone were measured and observed by laser microscope and SEM techniques in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of shear rate effect on the residual shear strength. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Res Ctr Landslides, Kyoto 611, Japan.
[Schulz, William H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Wang, GH (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Res Ctr Landslides, Kyoto 611, Japan.
EM wanggh@landslide.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
FU MEXT of Japan [18380094]
FX This study was funded by a scientific research grant (No. 18380094) from
the MEXT of Japan. Tokushima Prefecture is thanked for their permission
to publish the survey and monitoring results of the landslide. The
authors are grateful to the Nanbu General Bureau of Tokushima
Prefecture, the previous public office of Kisawa Village, and Mr Tamura
in Yonden Consultants Inc., for their help in the field work and
sampling. The microstructure of the shear zone was observed using the
SEM technique in Mountain Hazard Section of Disaster Prevention Research
Institute, Kyoto University. Dr Tairo Yamasaki, JSPS post-doctoral
fellow in Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, is
thanked for his help in the X-ray diffraction analysis of minerals.
Finally, the authors' special thanks go to the associate editor and
referees of this paper, for their useful comments used to revise the
manuscript.
NR 54
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U1 1
U2 14
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0197-9337
J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND
JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
PD MAR 30
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 4
BP 407
EP 416
DI 10.1002/esp.1937
PG 10
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 583LM
UT WOS:000276677100004
ER
PT J
AU Skalak, K
Pizzuto, J
AF Skalak, Katherine
Pizzuto, James
TI The distribution and residence time of suspended sediment stored within
the channel margins of a gravel-bed bedrock river
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Fine sediment transport; Bomb radiocarbon dating; In-channel
sedimentation; Gravel-bed river; Mercury contamination
ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; HEAVY-METALS; TRANSIT-TIME; SOUTH RIVER; TREE-RINGS;
C-14 DATA; TRANSPORT; STORAGE; EROSION; SYSTEM
AB Previously undocumented deposits are described that store suspended sediment in gravel-bedded rivers, termed 'fine-grained channel margin' (FGCM) deposits. FGCM deposits consist of sand, silt, clay, and organic matter that accumulate behind large woody debris (LWD) along the margins of the wetted perimeter of the single-thread, gravel-bed South River in Virginia. These deposits store a total mass equivalent to 17% to 43% of the annual suspended sediment load. Radiocarbon, (210)Pb and (137)C dating indicate that sediment in FGCM deposits ranges in age from 1 to more than 60 years. Reservoir theory suggests an average turnover time of 1.75 years and an annual exchange with the water column of a mass of sediment equivalent to 10% to 25% of the annual sediment load. The distribution of ages in the deposits can be fitted by a power function, suggesting that sediment stored in the deposits has a wide variety of transit times. Most sediment in storage is reworked quickly, but a small portion may remain in place for many decades. The presence of FGCM deposits indicates that suspended sediment is not simply transported downstream in gravel-bed rivers in agricultural watersheds: significant storage can occur over decadal timescales. South River has a history of mercury contamination and identifying sediment sources and sinks is critical for documenting the extent of contamination and for developing remediation plans. FGCM deposits should lie considered in future sediment budget and sediment transport modeling studies of gravel-bed rivers in agricultural watersheds. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Skalak, Katherine; Pizzuto, James] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Skalak, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM kskalak@usgs.gov
FU DuPont
FX We would like to acknowledge helpful comments and suggestions from the
South River Science Team. DuPont provided funding for much of this work.
We would also like to thank Christopher Fielding, Paul Heller, and Chris
Paola for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, which
greatly improved the quality of the work. Martin Doyle and an anonymous
reviewer substantially advanced the current version of the manuscript.
NR 65
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U1 4
U2 36
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0197-9337
J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND
JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
PD MAR 30
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 4
BP 435
EP 446
DI 10.1002/esp.1926
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 583LM
UT WOS:000276677100007
ER
PT J
AU Gardner, WP
Susong, DD
Solomon, DK
Heasler, H
AF Gardner, W. Payton
Susong, David D.
Solomon, D. Kip
Heasler, Henry
TI Snowmelt hydrograph interpretation: Revealing watershed scale hydrologic
characteristics of the Yellowstone volcanic plateau
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrograph analysis; Snowmelt hydrology; Environmental tracers;
Yellowstone
ID OREGON CASCADES; NATIONAL-PARK; HEAT-FLOW; DISCHARGE; SYSTEM
AB Snowmelt hydrograph analysis and groundwater age dates of cool water springs on the Yellowstone volcanic plateau provide evidence of high volumes of groundwater circulation in watersheds comprised of quaternary Yellowstone volcanics. Ratios of maximum to minimum mean daily discharge and average recession indices are calculated for watersheds within and surrounding the Yellowstone volcanic plateau. A model for snowmelt recession is used to separate groundwater discharge from overland runoff, and compare groundwater systems. Hydrograph signal interpretation is corroborated with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and tritium concentrations in cool water springs on the Yellowstone volcanic plateau. Hydrograph parameters show a spatial pattern correlated with watershed geology. Watersheds comprised dominantly of quaternary Yellowstone volcanics are characterized by slow streamflow recession, low maximum to minimum flow ratios. Cool springs sampled within the Park contain CFC's and tritium and have apparent CFC age dates that range from about 50 years to modern. Watersheds comprised of quaternary Yellowstone volcanics have a large volume of active groundwater circulation. A large, advecting groundwater field would be the dominant mechanism for mass and energy transport in the shallow crust of the Yellowstone volcanic plateau, and thus control the Yellowstone hydrothermal system. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gardner, W. Payton; Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Susong, David D.] USGS, Utah Water Sci Ctr, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA.
[Heasler, Henry] Natl Pk Serv, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA.
RP Gardner, WP (reprint author), CSIRO Land & Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
EM Payton.Gardner@csiro.au; ddsusong@usgs.gov; kip.solomon@utah.edu
RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016
OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124
NR 45
TC 12
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U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD MAR 30
PY 2010
VL 383
IS 3-4
BP 209
EP 222
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.037
PG 14
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 581OF
UT WOS:000276532700007
ER
PT J
AU Hauer, FR
Muhlfeld, CC
AF Hauer, F. Richard
Muhlfeld, Clint C.
TI Compelling Science Saves a River Valley
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Hauer, F. Richard] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA.
[Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
RP Hauer, FR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA.
EM ric.hauer@umontana.edu
NR 4
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAR 26
PY 2010
VL 327
IS 5973
BP 1576
EP 1576
DI 10.1126/science.327.5973.1576-a
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 574ED
UT WOS:000275970600012
PM 20339049
ER
PT J
AU Oremland, RS
AF Oremland, Ronald S.
TI BIOGEOCHEMISTRY NO connection with methane
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID HYDRATE; CARBON
C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM roremlan@usgs.gov
NR 5
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 20
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAR 25
PY 2010
VL 464
IS 7288
BP 500
EP 501
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 574FL
UT WOS:000275974200030
PM 20336129
ER
PT J
AU Tembe, S
Lockner, DA
Wong, TF
AF Tembe, Sheryl
Lockner, David A.
Wong, Teng-Fong
TI Effect of clay content and mineralogy on frictional sliding behavior of
simulated gouges: Binary and ternary mixtures of quartz, illite, and
montmorillonite
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID FAULT GOUGE; STRENGTH; STRESS; DEFORMATION; VELOCITY; PACKING; NANKAI;
STATE; SAND
AB We investigated the frictional sliding behavior of simulated quartz-clay gouges under stress conditions relevant to seismogenic depths. Conventional triaxial compression tests were conducted at 40 MPa effective normal stress on saturated saw cut samples containing binary and ternary mixtures of quartz, montmorillonite, and illite. In all cases, frictional strengths of mixtures fall between the end-members of pure quartz (strongest) and clay (weakest). The overall trend was a decrease in strength with increasing clay content. In the illite/quartz mixture the trend was nearly linear, while in the montmorillonite mixtures a sigmoidal trend with three strength regimes was noted. Microstructural observations were performed on the deformed samples to characterize the geometric attributes of shear localization within the gouge layers. Two micromechanical models were used to analyze the critical clay fractions for the two-regime transitions on the basis of clay porosity and packing of the quartz grains. The transition from regime 1 (high strength) to 2 (intermediate strength) is associated with the shift from a stress-supporting framework of quartz grains to a clay matrix embedded with disperse quartz grains, manifested by the development of P-foliation and reduction in Riedel shear angle. The transition from regime 2 (intermediate strength) to 3 (low strength) is attributed to the development of shear localization in the clay matrix, occurring only when the neighboring layers of quartz grains are separated by a critical clay thickness. Our mixture data relating strength degradation to clay content agree well with strengths of natural shear zone materials obtained from scientific deep drilling projects.
C1 [Tembe, Sheryl] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Soil Mech & Rock Mech, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Wong, Teng-Fong] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA.
RP Tembe, S (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Soil Mech & Rock Mech, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM sheryl.tembe@kit.edu
FU U. S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0346022]
FX We have benefited from discussions with Diane Moore, Carolyn Morrow, and
Nick Beeler and reviews by Chris Spiers and Chris Marone. We also thank
John Solum for conducting the XRD analyses. Li-Wei Kuo and Sheng-Rong
Song shared with us their TCDP data. Brian Crawford kindly provided us
with his unpublished manuscript on kaolinite-quartz mixtures. ST was
supported by a DoEd GAANN fellowship. This research was partially
supported by U. S. National Science Foundation under grant EAR-0346022.
NR 43
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U1 6
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAR 24
PY 2010
VL 115
AR B03416
DI 10.1029/2009JB006383
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 574XL
UT WOS:000276027400002
ER
PT J
AU Gaikowski, MP
Mushtaq, M
Cassidy, P
Meinertz, JR
Schleis, SM
Sweeney, D
Endris, RG
AF Gaikowski, Mark P.
Mushtaq, Mohammad
Cassidy, Phillip
Meinertz, Jeffery R.
Schleis, Susan M.
Sweeney, Diane
Endris, Richard G.
TI Depletion of florfenicol amine, marker residue of florfenicol, from the
edible fillet of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. niloticus and O.
niloticus x O. aureus) following florfenicol administration in feed
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Aquaflor (R); Florfenicol; Residue depletion; Tilapia
ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHANNEL CATFISH;
LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; SEAWATER; FISH
AB Aquaflor (R), a 50% feed premix containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol is available globally to control mortality associated with economically significant systemic bacterial diseases of fish. Florfenicol (FFC) is effective in controlling mortality associated with Streptococcus iniae in tilapia Oreochromis sp. when administered in medicated feed at a dose of 15 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)/d for 10 consecutive days. Our objective was to characterize the depletion of the FFC marker residue, florfenicol amine (FFA), from the edible tissue of market-weight Nile tilapia O. niloticus x O. niloticus and hybrid tilapia O. niloticus x O. aureus offered feed medicated with FFC at a nominal dose rate of 15 mg/kg BW/d for 12 days. Near market-weight tilapia were obtained from a commercial tilapia farm, distributed to 2 single pass (one for Nile tilapia and one for hybrid tilapia), flow-through systems and maintained at 27 degrees C under a 1511 light:9 h dark photoperiod over a 41-d pre-dosing period. During the dosing period, tilapia were offered feed medicated with FFC at a concentration of 1.479 g/kg at 1% BW daily divided in three equal offerings. The initial 10-d dosing period was extended to 12 d because one tank did not consume > 75% of the feed offered during the first two dosing clays. The total dose consumed by fish in each of the 2 tanks ranged from 147 to 167 mg/kg. Once during the pre-dose period and on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the post-dose period, groups of fish were indiscriminately removed from each tank, measured for weight and length, scaled, filleted, and the skin-on fillets stored at <-70 degrees C. Frozen fillets were individually homogenized, extracted, and FFA concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Florfenicol amine is rapidly eliminated from tilapia fillet after withdrawal from medication and depletion followed first-order kinetics with an estimated half-life of 2.32 d. The FA tolerance limit, calculated as the 99th percentile of the potential residue level at 95% confidence, had depleted to less than the 1 mu g/g maximum residue level by 6.14 d after the dosing period. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Gaikowski, Mark P.; Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Schleis, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Mushtaq, Mohammad] Schering Plough Res Inst Drug Safety & Metab Anim, Lafayette, NJ 07848 USA.
[Cassidy, Phillip] Ric Biosci, Concord, OH 44077 USA.
[Sweeney, Diane; Endris, Richard G.] Schering Plough Anim Hlth Corp, Summit, NJ 07901 USA.
RP Gaikowski, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
EM mgaikowski@usgs.gov
OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341
FU Schering-Plough Animal Health Corporation
FX The authors thank Dr. Patricia Gaunt, Mississippi State University, Thad
Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center and Mr. M. Dwayne
Holifield, Delta Western Research Center (DWRC) for their expert
assistance in preparing the study feed. The authors also thank Mr. John
Hayes, Schering-Plough Research Institute, for providing the feed
analysis during the study and Mrs. Theresa M. Schreier, Ms. Sacha M.
Casillas, Mrs. Shari L. Greseth, and Mr. Jeffrey J. Rach of the U.S.
Geological Survey for their exceptional technical assistance during the
conduct of the study. Last, the authors thank Dr. William H. Gingerich,
U.S. Geological Survey for his exceptional guidance during the study.
This study was fully funded by Schering-Plough Animal Health Corporation
through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the U.S.
Geological Survey. Use of trade or product names does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 28
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD MAR 23
PY 2010
VL 301
IS 1-4
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.01.020
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 575SB
UT WOS:000276086900001
ER
PT J
AU Fend, SV
Brinkhurst, RO
AF Fend, Steven V.
Brinkhurst, Ralph O.
TI Contributions towards a review of the genus Rhynchelmis Hoffmeister
(Clitellata: Lumbriculidae)
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE Clitellata; Oligochaeta; Lumbriculidae; Rhynchelmis; Pseudorhynchelmis;
taxonomy
ID OLIGOCHAETA
AB Morphological characters for several Palearctic taxa attributed by recent authors to the genus Rhynchelmis Hoffmeister, 1843 were reviewed using new or previously studied museum specimens. The genus Rhynchelmis s. lat. was supported, and the Palearctic subgenus Rhynchelmis ( Rhynchelmis) was proposed, based on several probable synapomorphies: longitudinal muscles with lateral margins curled; strong dorsolateral-transverse muscles; vasa deferentia with thickened, glandular epithelium; spermathecal ampullae with anterior, sacciform diverticulum; accessory organ often present in preatrial segment. The Japanese Rhynchelmis orientalis Yamaguchi, 1936 was redescribed using new material, and had none of the abovementioned characters. The separation of other potential subgenera, the Rhynchelmoides and Sutroa groups, is still subject to review of those primarily Nearctic taxa. Attribution by Kaygorodova & Liventseva ( 2007) of several Lake Baikal species to Pseudorhynchelmis Hrabe ( 1982) was supported, and Rhynchelmis paraolchonensis Giani & Martinez-Ansemil, 1984 may also belong in Pseudorhynchelmis.
C1 [Fend, Steven V.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Fend, SV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,M-S 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM svfend@usgs.gov; ralphbrinkhurst@att.net
NR 40
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 2
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD MAR 23
PY 2010
IS 2407
BP 1
EP 27
PG 27
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 573FJ
UT WOS:000275893500001
ER
PT J
AU Aiken, G
Ryan, J
Nagy, K
AF Aiken, George
Ryan, Joseph
Nagy, Kathryn
TI Challenges in the study of the interactions of metals with dissolved
organic matter
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 194-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302255
ER
PT J
AU Davis, JA
Waychunas, GA
AF Davis, James A.
Waychunas, Glenn A.
TI Past, present, and future of surface complexation modeling
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RI Davis, James/G-2788-2015
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 8-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302697
ER
PT J
AU Fuller, CC
Webb, S
AF Fuller, Christopher C.
Webb, Sam
TI X-ray microprobe characterization of geochemical processes affecting
uranium sequestration in permeable reactive barriers for groundwater
remediation
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
Stanford Synchrotron Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 45-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302686
ER
PT J
AU Gerbig, CA
Aiken, GR
Kim, CS
Moreau, JW
Ryan, JN
Stegemeier, J
AF Gerbig, Chase A.
Aiken, George R.
Kim, Christopher S.
Moreau, John W.
Ryan, Joseph N.
Stegemeier, John
TI Identification of metacinnabar in mixed mercury, sulfide, and dissolved
organic solutions through chromatographic concentration and EXAFS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO USA.
Chapman Univ, Dept Chem, Orange, CA USA.
Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.
RI Moreau, John/A-8061-2013
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 198-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302258
ER
PT J
AU Goldman, JH
Needoba, JA
Rounds, S
AF Goldman, Jami H.
Needoba, Joe A.
Rounds, Stewart
TI Effects of fluorescence quenching by iron and zinc on the colored
dissolved organic matter pool in an urban watershed
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 OHSU, Beaverton, OR USA.
USGS, Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 428-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302377
ER
PT J
AU Harvey, RW
Metge, DW
Barber, LB
Aiken, GR
AF Harvey, Ronald W.
Metge, David W.
Barber, Larry B.
Aiken, George R.
TI Effects of natural and contaminant dissolved organic carbon upon
microbial transport through aquifer sediments
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Harvey, Ronald W.; Metge, David W.; Barber, Larry B.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA.
RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013
OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 542-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302428
ER
PT J
AU Hladik, ML
Kuivila, KM
AF Hladik, Michelle L.
Kuivila, Kathryn M.
TI Sediment associated contaminants in urban streams: Pyrethroids and other
current-use pesticides
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 212-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189300160
ER
PT J
AU Horak, KE
Rattner, BA
Johnston, JJ
AF Horak, Katherine E.
Rattner, Barnett A.
Johnston, John J.
TI PBPK and probabilistic models for estimating rodenticide exposure and
risk to nontarget birds of prey
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr USDA APHIS, Ft Collins, CO USA.
Pautuxent Wildlife Res Ctr USGS, Beltsville, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 264-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189300178
ER
PT J
AU Latch, DE
Aiken, GR
AF Latch, Douglas E.
Aiken, George R.
TI Influence of dissolved natural organic matter on the photochemical
cycling of mercury
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Seattle Univ, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98122 USA.
Water Resources USGS, Boulder, CO USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 232-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302271
ER
PT J
AU Mohanram, A
Ray, C
Harvey, RW
Metge, DW
Ryan, JN
Chorover, J
AF Mohanram, Arvind
Ray, Chittaranjan
Harvey, Ronald W.
Metge, Dave W.
Ryan, Joseph N.
Chorover, Jon
TI Effect of organic loading on the transport of Cryptosporidium parvum
oocysts and oocysts-sized microspheres through three minerologically
different granular porous media
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Earth Sci, Tucson, AZ USA.
RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013
OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 543-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302429
ER
PT J
AU Qin, SJ
Reinhard, M
Hopkins, G
Eganhouse, RP
AF Qin, Sujie
Reinhard, Martin
Hopkins, Gary
Eganhouse, Robert P.
TI Influence of redox conditions on DDE dechlorination in Palos Verdes
Shelf, CA sediments
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
USGS, Reston, VA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 423-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302372
ER
PT J
AU Rostad, CE
AF Rostad, Colleen E.
TI Analysis of solvent dyes in refined petroleum products by electrospray
ionization/mass spectrometry
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 2-FUEL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302523
ER
PT J
AU Rostad, CE
Rutherford, DW
Wershaw, RL
AF Rostad, Colleen E.
Rutherford, David W.
Wershaw, Robert L.
TI Water extracts of biochars: Effects of formation conditions on pH and
dissolved organic carbon
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.; Rutherford, David W.; Wershaw, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Branch Reg Res, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 39-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302356
ER
PT J
AU Schultz, MM
Furlong, ET
Kolpin, DW
Logue, A
Painter, MM
Schoenfuss, HL
AF Schultz, Melissa M.
Furlong, Edward T.
Kolpin, Dana W.
Logue, Amanda
Painter, Meghan M.
Schoenfuss, Heiko L.
TI Selective uptake of antidepressant pharmaceuticals in fish neural tissue
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Coll Wooster, Dept Chem, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA.
St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 312-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302316
ER
PT J
AU Siegler, K
Anderson, B
Hunt, J
Phillips, B
Smalling, K
Kuivila, K
Voorhees, J
AF Siegler, Katie
Anderson, Brian
Hunt, John
Phillips, Bryn
Smalling, Kelly
Kuivila, Kathryn
Voorhees, Jennifer
TI Watershed-scale effectiveness of agricultural best management practices
(BMPs) for pesticides in three California estuaries
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Monterey, CA USA.
US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 348-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189300219
ER
PT J
AU Slowey, AJ
AF Slowey, Aaron J.
TI Rate of formation and dissolution of mercury sulfide nanoparticles: The
dual role of natural organic matter
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Slowey, Aaron J.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 196-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302256
ER
PT J
AU Smalling, KL
Orlando, JL
Phillips, B
Siegler, K
Anderson, B
Hunt, J
Kuivila, KM
AF Smalling, Kelly L.
Orlando, James L.
Phillips, Bryn
Siegler, Katie
Anderson, Brian
Hunt, John
Kuivila, Kathryn M.
TI Occurrence and potential impacts of current-use pesticides in a central
California coastal ecosystem
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Monterey, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 349-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189300220
ER
PT J
AU Smith, KS
Ranville, JF
Diedrich, DJ
McKnight, DM
Sofield, RM
AF Smith, Kathleen S.
Ranville, James F.
Diedrich, Daniel J.
McKnight, Diane M.
Sofield, Ruth M.
TI Influence of organic-matter fractionation by natural iron nanoparticles
on copper speciation and aquatic copper toxicity
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
Windward Environm LLC, Seattle, WA USA.
Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 539-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302425
ER
PT J
AU Spencer, RGM
Hernes, PJ
Aiken, GR
Striegl, RG
Wickland, KP
Stubbins, A
Six, J
AF Spencer, Robert G. M.
Hernes, Peter J.
Aiken, George R.
Striegl, Robert G.
Wickland, Kimberly P.
Stubbins, Aron
Six, Johan
TI Geochemistry and reactivity of riverine dissolved organic matter
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
US Geol Survey, Water Resouces Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO USA.
Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 142-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302648
ER
PT J
AU Warren, E
AF Warren, Ean
TI Chemistry and the environment film series and discussion: "One Water"
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Warren, Ean] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 5-SUST
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189305002
ER
PT J
AU Wolfe-Simon, F
Hoeft, SE
Oremland, RS
AF Wolfe-Simon, Felisa
Hoeft, Shelley E.
Oremland, Ronald S.
TI Facultative anoxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria driven by
arsenite
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 21
PY 2010
VL 239
MA 507-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V21DW
UT WOS:000208189302411
ER
PT J
AU Mwashote, BM
Burnett, WC
Chanton, J
Santos, IR
Dimova, N
Swarzenski, PW
AF Mwashote, B. M.
Burnett, W. C.
Chanton, J.
Santos, I. R.
Dimova, N.
Swarzenski, P. W.
TI Calibration and use of continuous heat-type automated seepage meters for
submarine groundwater discharge measurements
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE groundwater discharge; seepage meters; porewater; hydrology; coastal
zone; advection; benthic chambers; Gulf of Mexico
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; LAKE INTERACTIONS; WATER
DISCHARGE; NEARSHORE; FLORIDA; RN-222; INPUTS; RATES; SITE
AB Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) assessments were conducted both in the laboratory and at a field site in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, using a continuous heat-type automated seepage meter (seepmeter). The functioning of the seepmeter is based on measurements of a temperature gradient in the water between downstream and upstream positions in its flow pipe. The device has the potential of providing long-term, high-resolution measurements of SGD. Using a simple inexpensive laboratory setup, we have shown that connecting an extension cable to the seepmeter has a negligible effect on its measuring capability. Similarly, the observed influence of very low temperature (<= 3 degrees C) on seepmeter measurements can be accounted for by conducting calibrations at such temperatures prior to field deployments. Compared to manual volumetric measurements, calibration experiments showed that at higher water flow rates (>28 cm day(-1) or cm(3) cm(-2) day(-1)) an analog flowmeter overestimated flow rates by >= 7%. This was apparently due to flow resistance, turbulence and formation of air bubbles in the seepmeter water flow tubes. Salinity had no significant effect oil the performance of the seepmeter. Calibration results from fresh water and sea water showed close agreement at a 95% confidence level significance between the data sets from the two media (R(2) = 0.98). Comparatively, the seepmeter SGD measurements provided data that are comparable to manually-operated seepage meters, the radon geochemical tracer approach, and an electromagnetic (EM) seepage meter. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mwashote, B. M.; Burnett, W. C.; Chanton, J.; Santos, I. R.; Dimova, N.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Swarzenski, P. W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Mwashote, BM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, 117 N Woodward Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM mwashote@ocean.fsu.edu; pswarzen@usgs.gov
OI Santos, Isaac/0000-0003-0524-842X
FU NSF [OCE05-20723]; IFP-Ford Foundation
FX The authors express their sincere thanks to the FSUCML director and
staff for logistical support during field work. P. Fuleki, R. Peterson,
P. Lazarevich, E. Howarth, D. Oliff and A. Michel are much appreciated
for their invaluable technical suggestions during calibration work.
Special thanks are to J. Winchester and M. Huettel whose overall
creativity and constructive criticism greatly enhanced the successful
completion of this study. We are indebted to three anonymous reviewers
for their insightful and constructive comments. The project was jointly
funded through an NSF research grant (OCE05-20723) to W.C. Burnett and
J. Chanton, and an IFP-Ford Foundation PhD Fellowship award to B.M.
Mwashote. This financial support is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 16
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD MAR 20
PY 2010
VL 87
IS 1
BP 1
EP 10
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.12.001
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 568QW
UT WOS:000275538600001
ER
PT J
AU Ingebritsen, SE
Geiger, S
Hurwitz, S
Driesner, T
AF Ingebritsen, S. E.
Geiger, S.
Hurwitz, S.
Driesner, T.
TI NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MAGMATIC HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS
SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID DE-FUCA-RIDGE; GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR SIMULATION; EAST PACIFIC RISE;
MULTIPHASE FLUID-FLOW; LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; EQUATION-OF-STATE;
HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; VOLUME SOLUTION TECHNIQUE; HIGH-RESOLUTION
SCHEMES; COMPLEX GEOLOGIC MEDIA
AB The dynamic behavior of magmatic hydrothermal systems entails coupled and nonlinear multiphase flow, heat and solute transport, and deformation in highly heterogeneous media. Thus, quantitative analysis of these systems depends mainly on numerical solution of coupled partial differential equations and complementary equations of state (EOS). The past 2 decades have seen steady growth of computational power and the development of numerical models that have eliminated or minimized the need for various simplifying assumptions. Considerable heuristic insight has been gained from process-oriented numerical modeling. Recent modeling efforts employing relatively complete EOS and accurate transport calculations have revealed dynamic behavior that was damped by linearized, less accurate models, including fluid property control of hydrothermal plume temperatures and three-dimensional geometries. Other recent modeling results have further elucidated the controlling role of permeability structure and revealed the potential for significant hydrothermally driven deformation. Key areas for future research include incorporation of accurate EOS for the complete H2O-NaCl-CO2 system, more realistic treatment of material heterogeneity in space and time, realistic description of large-scale relative permeability behavior, and intercode benchmarking comparisons.
C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.; Hurwitz, S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Driesner, T.] ETH, Inst Isotope Geochem & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Geiger, S.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM seingebr@usgs.gov
RI Geiger, Sebastian/D-4460-2013; Driesner, Thomas/N-6361-2016
OI Geiger, Sebastian/0000-0002-3792-1896;
FU U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program
FX We thank Barbara Dutrow, Hedeff Essaid, Andy Fisher, Mark Reid, Philipp
Weis, an anonymous reviewer, and Editor Michael Manga for their careful
reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript, which greatly improved
the final product. S. Geiger thanks the Edinburgh Collaborative of
Subsurface Science and Engineering, a joint research institute of the
Edinburgh Research Partnership in Engineering and Mathematics, for
financial support. This study was also partly supported by the U.S.
Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program.
NR 313
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 6
U2 40
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 8755-1209
EI 1944-9208
J9 REV GEOPHYS
JI Rev. Geophys.
PD MAR 19
PY 2010
VL 48
AR RG1002
DI 10.1029/2009RG000287
PG 33
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 572VJ
UT WOS:000275861500001
ER
PT J
AU Cuzzi, JN
Burns, JA
Charnoz, S
Clark, RN
Colwell, JE
Dones, L
Esposito, LW
Filacchione, G
French, RG
Hedman, MM
Kempf, S
Marouf, EA
Murray, CD
Nicholson, PD
Porco, CC
Schmidt, J
Showalter, MR
Spilker, LJ
Spitale, JN
Srama, R
Sremcevic, M
Tiscareno, MS
Weiss, J
AF Cuzzi, J. N.
Burns, J. A.
Charnoz, S.
Clark, R. N.
Colwell, J. E.
Dones, L.
Esposito, L. W.
Filacchione, G.
French, R. G.
Hedman, M. M.
Kempf, S.
Marouf, E. A.
Murray, C. D.
Nicholson, P. D.
Porco, C. C.
Schmidt, J.
Showalter, M. R.
Spilker, L. J.
Spitale, J. N.
Srama, R.
Sremcevic, M.
Tiscareno, M. S.
Weiss, J.
TI An Evolving View of Saturn's Dynamic Rings
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID PROMETHEUS-PANDORA SYSTEM; SELF-GRAVITY WAKES; F-RING; B-RING; VISCOUS
OVERSTABILITY; RADIAL STRUCTURE; CASSINI VIMS; A-RING; MOONLETS;
SATELLITES
AB We review our understanding of Saturn's rings after nearly 6 years of observations by the Cassini spacecraft. Saturn's rings are composed mostly of water ice but also contain an undetermined reddish contaminant. The rings exhibit a range of structure across many spatial scales; some of this involves the interplay of the fluid nature and the self-gravity of innumerable orbiting centimeter- to meter-sized particles, and the effects of several peripheral and embedded moonlets, but much remains unexplained. A few aspects of ring structure change on time scales as short as days. It remains unclear whether the vigorous evolutionary processes to which the rings are subject imply a much younger age than that of the solar system. Processes on view at Saturn have parallels in circumstellar disks.
C1 [Cuzzi, J. N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Burns, J. A.; Hedman, M. M.; Nicholson, P. D.; Tiscareno, M. S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Charnoz, S.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Instrumentat Modelisat, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Colwell, J. E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Dones, L.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Esposito, L. W.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Filacchione, G.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[French, R. G.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Astron, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA.
[Kempf, S.; Srama, R.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Marouf, E. A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
[Murray, C. D.] Queen Mary Univ London, Astron Unit, London E1 4NS, England.
[Porco, C. C.; Spitale, J. N.; Weiss, J.] Space Sci Inst, Cassini Imaging Cent Lab Operat CICLOPS, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Schmidt, J.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Potsdam, Germany.
[Showalter, M. R.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Spilker, L. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Weiss, J.] Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA.
RP Cuzzi, JN (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM jeffrey.cuzzi@nasa.gov
RI Tiscareno, Matthew/D-6963-2011;
OI KEMPF, SASCHA/0000-0001-5236-3004; Filacchione,
Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055
FU NASA; Italian Space Agency (ASI), Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und
Raumfahrt (DLR); Newton Institute, Universite Paris Diderot and
CEA-Saclay; U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council
FX We applaud with gratitude the Cassini spacecraft engineering and
operations teams. We thank the other members of the Cassini Rings
Discipline Working group for their many contributions, not all of which
could be described here. We thank our Ring Science Planning Team leaders
at JPL-B. Wallis, K. Perry, C. Roumeliotis, R. Lange, and S. Brooks-and
the observation planning and design specialists on all the teams
represented here for their essential contributions to the mission's
success. We acknowledge M. Lewis, H. Salo, and G. Stewart for the
simulations and visualizations described in the SOM and for helpful
comments. We also thank three anonymous reviewers, R. E. Johnson, R.
Pappalardo, P. Kalas, and C. Niebur for helpful suggestions on
presentation. The U.S. authors were supported by NASA through the
Cassini Project and Cassini Data Analysis Program. Other support was
provided by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft
und Raumfahrt (DLR), the Newton Institute, Universite Paris Diderot and
CEA-Saclay, and the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council.
NR 69
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAR 19
PY 2010
VL 327
IS 5972
BP 1470
EP 1475
DI 10.1126/science.1179118
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 570YQ
UT WOS:000275715200037
PM 20299586
ER
PT J
AU Bruce, RL
Moffitt, CM
AF Bruce, Rolita Louise
Moffitt, Christine M.
TI Quantifying risks of volitional consumption of New Zealand Mudsnails by
Steelhead and Rainbow Trout
SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE New Zealand mudsnail; invasive species management; depuration
strategies; risk assessment; hatchery; wild alien species
ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS;
CUTTHROAT TROUT; NORTH-AMERICA; INVASION; SPREAD; HATCHERY; AQUACULTURE;
MANAGEMENT
AB To assess the risk of transferring alien, invasive New Zealand mudsnails (NZMS) Potamopyrgus antipodarum with shipments of live rainbow or steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, we conducted laboratory trials to quantify and determine the volitional ingestion of snails from the bottom of laboratory tanks. Approximately, 2000 snails were placed on the bottom of a test tank and groups of 10 fish were added to each tank. After 48 h, the fish were removed, euthanized and the snails in the gastrointestinal tract were counted, and the proportion of snails remaining in each tank was measured. We found that both rainbow trout and steelhead consumed NZMS, but rainbow trout consumed nearly twice the number of snails that were consumed by steelhead trout. Feeding fish a maintenance diet increased the total consumption of snails by fish to an average of 64.5 snails per rainbow trout. Our study suggests that management strategies that depurate fish without feed for 48 h to reduce the risk of transfer of NZMS are not viable in preventing the transport of snails if rearing waters contain snails.
C1 [Bruce, Rolita Louise; Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu
NR 51
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1355-557X
J9 AQUAC RES
JI Aquac. Res.
PD MAR 17
PY 2010
VL 41
IS 4
BP 552
EP 558
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02351.x
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 570KQ
UT WOS:000275675900010
ER
PT J
AU Best, J
Simmons, S
Parsons, D
Oberg, K
Czuba, J
Malzone, C
AF Best, Jim
Simmons, Stephen
Parsons, Daniel
Oberg, Kevin
Czuba, Jonathan
Malzone, Chris
TI A new methodology for the quantitative visualization of coherent flow
structures in alluvial channels using multibeam echo-sounding (MBES)
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; 2-DIMENSIONAL DUNES; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; BEDLOAD
TRANSPORT
AB In order to investigate the interactions between turbulence and suspended sediment transport in natural aqueous environments, we ideally require a technique that allows simultaneous measurement of fluid velocity and sediment concentration for the whole flow field. Here, we report on development of a methodology using the water column acoustic backscatter signal from a multibeam echo sounder to simultaneously quantify flow velocities and sediment concentrations. The application of this new technique is illustrated with reference to flow over the leeside of an alluvial sand dune, which allows, for the first time in a field study, quantitative visualization of large-scale, whole flow field, turbulent coherent flow structures associated with the dune leeside that are responsible for suspending bed sediment. This methodology holds great potential for use in a wide range of aqueous geophysical flows. Citation: Best, J., S. Simmons, D. Parsons, K. Oberg, J. Czuba, and C. Malzone (2010), A new methodology for the quantitative visualization of coherent flow structures in alluvial channels using multibeam echo-sounding (MBES), Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06405, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041852.
C1 [Best, Jim] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Best, Jim] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Best, Jim] Univ Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosyst Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Czuba, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Watersheds & Ecol Sect, WA Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
[Malzone, Chris] Myriax Software Pty Ltd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA.
[Oberg, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Simmons, Stephen; Parsons, Daniel] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
RP Best, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, 1301 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM jimbest@illinois.edu
RI Parsons, Daniel/G-9101-2011; Best, Jim/P-8440-2015
OI Parsons, Daniel/0000-0002-5142-4466; Best, Jim/0000-0001-5314-6140
FU UK NERC [NE/D014530/1]
FX This research was conducted as part of UK NERC grant NE/D014530/1 to JB
and DP. We are very grateful to Kevin Johnson for his field assistance,
and to the United States Geological Survey Office of Surface Water for
their support. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 17
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L06405
DI 10.1029/2009GL041852
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 572TT
UT WOS:000275856800001
ER
PT J
AU Neal, EG
Hood, E
Smikrud, K
AF Neal, Edward G.
Hood, Eran
Smikrud, Kathy
TI Contribution of glacier runoff to freshwater discharge into the Gulf of
Alaska
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; RIVER DISCHARGE; COASTAL CURRENT;
VARIABILITY
AB Watersheds along the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are undergoing climate warming, glacier volume loss, and shifts in the timing and volume of freshwater delivered to the eastern North Pacific Ocean. We estimate recent mean annual freshwater discharge to the GOA at 870 km(3) yr(-1). Small distributed coastal drainages contribute 78% of the freshwater discharge with the remainder delivered by larger rivers penetrating coastal ranges. Discharge from glaciers and icefields accounts for 47% of total freshwater discharge, with 10% coming from glacier volume loss associated with rapid thinning and retreat of glaciers along the GOA. Our results indicate the region of the GOA from Prince William Sound to the east, where glacier runoff contributes 371 km(3) yr(-1), is vulnerable to future changes in freshwater discharge as a result of glacier thinning and recession. Changes in timing and magnitude of freshwater delivery to the GOA could impact coastal circulation as well as biogeochemical fluxes to near-shore marine ecosystems and the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Citation: Neal,E. G., E. Hood, and K. Smikrud (2010), Contribution of glacier runoff to freshwater discharge into the Gulf of Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06404, doi: 10.1029/2010GL042385.
C1 [Neal, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska SE, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Smikrud, Kathy] Univ Alaska SE, Geog Informat Network Alaska, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Neal, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1910 Alex Holden Way, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM egneal@usgs.gov; eran.hood@uas.alaska.edu
FU Geographic Information Network of Alaska at the University of Alaska
Southeast; U.S.G.S. Alaska Science Center; U.S. National Science
Foundation [EAR-0838587]
FX Anthony Arendt provided data on glacier volume loss. Glenn Hodgkins and
Shad O'Neel provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the
manuscript. Funding came from the Geographic Information Network of
Alaska at the University of Alaska Southeast, the U.S.G.S. Alaska
Science Center, and the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-0838587).
NR 28
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 17
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L06404
DI 10.1029/2010GL042385
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 572TT
UT WOS:000275856800003
ER
PT J
AU Lindqvist, C
Schuster, SC
Sun, YZ
Talbot, SL
Qi, J
Ratan, A
Tomsho, LP
Kasson, L
Zeyl, E
Aars, J
Miller, W
Ingolfsson, O
Bachmann, L
Wiig, O
AF Lindqvist, Charlotte
Schuster, Stephan C.
Sun, Yazhou
Talbot, Sandra L.
Qi, Ji
Ratan, Aakrosh
Tomsho, Lynn P.
Kasson, Lindsay
Zeyl, Eve
Aars, Jon
Miller, Webb
Ingolfsson, Olafur
Bachmann, Lutz
Wiig, Oystein
TI Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the
origin of polar bear
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE ancient DNA; Arctic; mammal evolution; next-generation sequencing;
Svalbard
ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; BROWN BEARS; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; URSIDAE; DNA;
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; EVOLUTIONARY; PHYLOGENY; ALGORITHM; SVALBARD
AB The polar bear has become the flagship species in the climate-change discussion. However, little is known about how past climate impacted its evolution and persistence, given an extremely poor fossil record. Although it is undisputed from analyses of mitochondrial (mt) DNA that polar bears constitute a lineage within the genetic diversity of brown bears, timing estimates of their divergence have differed considerably. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we have generated a complete, high-quality mt genome from a stratigraphically validated 130,000- to 110,000-year-old polar bear jawbone. In addition, six mt genomes were generated of extant polar bears from Alaska and brown bears from the Admiralty and Baranof islands of the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska and Kodiak Island. We show that the phylogenetic position of the ancient polar bear lies almost directly at the branching point between polar bears and brown bears, elucidating a unique morphologically and molecularly documented fossil link between living mammal species. Molecular dating and stable isotope analyses also show that by very early in their evolutionary history, polar bears were already inhabitants of the Artic sea ice and had adapted very rapidly to their current and unique ecology at the top of the Arctic marine food chain. As such, polar bears provide an excellent example of evolutionary opportunism within a widespread mammalian lineage.
C1 [Lindqvist, Charlotte] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
[Schuster, Stephan C.; Sun, Yazhou; Qi, Ji; Ratan, Aakrosh; Tomsho, Lynn P.; Kasson, Lindsay; Miller, Webb] Penn State Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom & Bioinformat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Zeyl, Eve; Bachmann, Lutz; Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, Natl Ctr Biosystemat, N-0318 Oslo, Norway.
[Ingolfsson, Olafur] Univ Iceland, Dept Earth Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
[Ingolfsson, Olafur] Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway.
RP Lindqvist, C (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
EM cl243@buffalo.edu
RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011; Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012; QI,
JI/E-2797-2016;
OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251; Ingolfsson,
Olafur/0000-0001-8143-2005
FU College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo; Natural History
Museum of the University of Oslo; US Geological Survey Alaska Science
Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
FX We thank Victor A. Albert for critical reading and encouragement
throughout this project, Joseph Cook for accessioningtissues of extant
bears, the US Fish and Wildlife Service Region 7 Marine Mammals
Management for obtaining the modern polar bear samples, and Yeting Zhang
for producing the PCR and bioanalyzer data. Natalie Dawson, Kevin Sage,
and Yixing Shi assisted with sample preparation. This study was
supported by the College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo,
the Natural History Museum of the University of Oslo, and the US
Geological Survey Alaska Science Center. S. C. S. is supported by the
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
NR 48
TC 71
Z9 73
U1 65
U2 318
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAR 16
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 11
BP 5053
EP 5057
DI 10.1073/pnas.0914266107
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 570YI
UT WOS:000275714300046
PM 20194737
ER
PT J
AU Jenkins, WA
Murray, BC
Kramer, RA
Faulkner, SP
AF Jenkins, W. Aaron
Murray, Brian C.
Kramer, Randall A.
Faulkner, Stephen P.
TI Valuing ecosystem services from wetlands restoration in the Mississippi
Alluvial Valley
SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecosystem service; Economic valuation; Wetlands Reserve Program;
Ecosystem markets; Social value; Market value
ID PHOSPHORUS RETENTION; RESERVE PROGRAM; ECONOMIC VALUE; RIVER BASIN;
DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN; FOREST; CONSERVATION; METAANALYSIS;
STRATEGIES
AB This study assesses the value of restoring forested wetlands via the US. government's Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley by quantifying and monetizing ecosystem services The three focal services are greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, nitrogen mitigation, and waterfowl recreation Site- and region-level measurements of these ecosystem services are combined with process models to quantify their production on agricultural land, which serves as the baseline, and on restored wetlands. We adjust and transform these measures into per-hectare, valuation-ready units and monetize them with prices from emerging ecosystem markets and the environmental economics literature. By valuing three of the many ecosystem services produced, we generate lower bound estimates for the total ecosystem value of the wetlands restoration Social welfare value is found to be between $1435 and $1486/ha/year, with GHG mitigation valued in the range of $171 to $222, nitrogen mitigation at $1248. and waterfowl recreation at $16 Limited to existing markets, the estimate for annual market value is merely $70/ha, but when fully accounting for potential markets, this estimate rises to $1035/ha The estimated social value surpasses the public expenditure or social cost of wetlands restoration in only 1 year. indicating that the return on public investment is very attractive for the WRP Moreover, the potential market value is substantially greater than landowner opportunity costs, showing that payments to private landowners to restore wetlands could also be profitable for individual landowners. (C) 2009 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
C1 [Jenkins, W. Aaron; Murray, Brian C.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Kramer, Randall A.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Faulkner, Stephen P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Jenkins, WA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Box 90335, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
FU USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station [SRS 06-CA-11330139-222];
Duke University [SRS 06-CA-11330139-222]; USDA Natural Resources
Conservation Service [NRCS 68-3A75-5-128]; U.S. Geological Survey [NRCS
68-3A75-5-128]
FX This work was funded under Cooperative Agreement Number SRS
06-CA-11330139-222 between the USDA Forest Service Southern Research
Station and Duke University and Interagency Agreement Number NRCS
68-3A75-5-128 between USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and
the U.S. Geological Survey. We would also like to thank Diane Eckles,
David Shoch, Marc Ribaudo, Skip Hyberg. Ken Richkus. Tom Moorman. Dale
James, John Tirpak, Lee Moore, and Bruce McKenney. We are further
indebted to Marc Ribaudo for his insightful feedback on an earlier
version of this paper. Any remaining shortcomings in the study are our
own
NR 62
TC 68
Z9 87
U1 11
U2 120
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8009
J9 ECOL ECON
JI Ecol. Econ.
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 69
IS 5
BP 1051
EP 1061
DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.022
PG 11
WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics
GA 584IH
UT WOS:000276744400014
ER
PT J
AU Schultz, MM
Furlong, ET
Kolpin, DW
Werner, SL
Schoenfuss, HL
Barber, LB
Blazer, VS
Norris, DO
Vajda, AM
AF Schultz, Melissa M.
Furlong, Edward T.
Kolpin, Dana W.
Werner, Stephen L.
Schoenfuss, Heiko L.
Barber, Larry B.
Blazer, Vicki S.
Norris, David O.
Vajda, Alan M.
TI Antidepressant Pharmaceuticals in Two US Effluent-Impacted Streams:
Occurrence and Fate in Water and Sediment, and Selective Uptake in Fish
Neural Tissue
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEDAKA
ORYZIAS-LATIPES; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE;
LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRINKING-WATER; FLUOXETINE; CONTAMINANTS;
TOXICITY
AB Antidepressant pharmaceuticals are widely prescribed in the United States; release of municipal wastewater effluent is a primary route introducing them to aquatic environments, where little is known about their distribution and fate. Water, bed sediment, and brain tissue from native white suckers (Catostomus commersoni)were collected upstream and at points progressively downstream from outfalls discharging to two effluent-impacted streams, Boulder Creek (Colorado) and Fourmile Creek (Iowa). A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was used to quantify antidepressants, including fluoxetine, norfluoxetine (degradate), sertraline, norsertraline (degradate), paroxetine, citalopram, fluvoxamine, duloxetine, venlafaxine, and bupropion in all three sample matrices. Antidepressants were not present above the limit of quantitation in water samples upstream from the effluent outfalls but were present at points downstream at ng/L concentrations, even at the farthest downstream sampling site 8.4 km downstream from the outfall. The antidepressants with the highest measured concentrations in both streams were venlafaxine, bupropion, and citalopram and typically were observed at concentrations of at least an order of magnitude greater than the more commonly investigated antidepressants fluoxetine and sertraline. Concentrations of antidepressants in bed sediment were measured at ng/g levels; venlafaxine and fluoxetine were the predominant chemicals observed. Fluoxetine, sertraline, and their degradates were the principal antidepressants observed in fish brain tissue, typically at low ng/g concentrations. A qualitatively different antidepressant profile was observed in brain tissue compared to streamwater samples. This study documents that wastewater effluent can be a point source of antidepressants to stream ecosystems and that the qualitative composition of antidepressants in brain tissue from exposed fish differs substantially from the compositions observed in streamwater and sediment, suggesting selective uptake.
C1 [Furlong, Edward T.; Werner, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Schultz, Melissa M.] Coll Wooster, Dept Chem, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
[Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA.
[Schoenfuss, Heiko L.] St Cloud State Univ, Aquat Toxicol Lab, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA.
[Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Blazer, Vicki S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Norris, David O.; Vajda, Alan M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Furlong, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM efurlong@usgs.gov
RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011
OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; USGS
National Water Quality Laboratory's Methods Research and Development
Program through the National Research Council
FX Melissa Schultz gratefully acknowledges financial support from the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the USGS
National Water Quality Laboratory's Methods Research and Development
Program through the National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship
program. We thank Doug Schnoebelen, Steffanie Keefe, and Jennifer Flynn
for their assistance in collecting the environmental samples for this
Study. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this article is for
descriptive Purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 33
TC 175
Z9 178
U1 22
U2 194
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 6
BP 1918
EP 1925
DI 10.1021/es9022706
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 565WG
UT WOS:000275325600009
PM 20121081
ER
PT J
AU Fox, PM
Kent, DB
Davis, JA
AF Fox, Patricia M.
Kent, Douglas B.
Davis, James A.
TI Redox Transformations and Transport of Cesium and Iodine (-1,0,+5) in
Oxidizing and Reducing Zones of a Sand and Gravel Aquifer
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SYNTHETIC BIRNESSITE; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; ADSORPTION REACTIONS;
MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HANFORD SITE; TRACER TEST; SORPTION; OXIDATION;
SURFACE; SEAWATER
AB Tracer tests were performed in distinct biogeochemical zones of a sand and gravel aquifer in Cape Cod, MA, to study the redox chemistry (I) and transport (Cs, I) of cesium and iodine in a field setting. Injection of iodide (I(-)) into an oxic zone of the aquifer resulted in oxidation of I- to molecular iodine (I(2)) and iodate (IO(3)(-)) over transport distances of several meters. Oxidation is attributed to Mn-oxides present in the sediment. Transport of injected IO(3)(-) and Cs(+) was retarded in the mildly acidic oxic zone, with retardation factors of 1.6-1.8 for IO(3)(-) and 2.3-4.4 for Cs. Cs retardation was likely due to cation exchange reactions. Injection of IO(3)(-) into a Fe-reducing zone of the aquifer resulted in rapid and complete reduction to I- within 3 m of transport. The nonconservative behavior of Cs and I observed during the tracer tests underscores the necessity of taking the redox chemistry of I as well as sorption properties of I species and Cs into account when predicting transport of radionuclides (e.g., (129)I and (137)Cs) in the environment
C1 [Fox, Patricia M.; Kent, Douglas B.; Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Fox, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM pfox@usgs.gov
FU Nuclear Regulatory Commission [RES-03-006]
FX We would like to thank Denis LeBlanc, Luke Parsons, and Deborah Stoliker
of the USGS for invaluable assistance in the Field, and Jennifer Joye
for help with sample analysis. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission
provided financial support through Interagency Agreement RES-03-006.
NR 46
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 34
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 6
BP 1940
EP 1946
DI 10.1021/es902865s
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 565WG
UT WOS:000275325600012
PM 20170159
ER
PT J
AU Carlson, DL
De Vault, DS
Swackhamer, DL
AF Carlson, Daniel L.
De Vault, David S.
Swackhamer, Deborah L.
TI On the Rate of Decline of Persistent Organic Contaminants in Lake Trout
(Salvelinus namaycush) from the Great Lakes, 1970-2003
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HERRING GULL EGGS; POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYL CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; PCB
CONCENTRATIONS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; MICHIGAN; SEDIMENTS; ONTARIO; FISH
AB Thirty-four years of data from the Great Lakes Fish Monitoring Program (GLFMP) show significant changes in the behavior of most contaminants in lake trout over time consistent with changes in contaminant inputs following regulation and remediation. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) show positive apparent first-order rate constants falling to near zero. Dieldrin shows relatively unchanging half-lives of around 10 years except in Lake Superior (similar to 25 years). Mirex, consistently detected only in Lake Ontario fish, shows a slow decrease until the 1990s, when remediation of a source site occurred, after which half-lives are 2-3 years. Half-lives of oxychlordane, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane (DDT) and its metabolites were typically 3-6 years until the mid 1980s; since then, the newest data confirm half-lives are usually around 15-30 years. For PCBs, an increasing half-life is found in other media as well. Changes in food web structure, fishery dynamics, and climate undoubtedly affect concentrations but cannot explain observed long-term trends across several media. Concentrations of legacy contaminants in the Great Lakes are likely to continue to decline only slowly and pose a health concern for decades without identifying and containing remaining sources.
C1 [Carlson, Daniel L.; Swackhamer, Deborah L.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci MMC 807, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[De Vault, David S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, St Paul, MN 55101 USA.
RP Swackhamer, DL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci MMC 807, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM dswack@umn.edu
FU U.S. EPA GLNPO [GL97524201]
FX We thank Melanie Metz, Joan Manzara, Rachel Long, James Ormes, James
Brozowski, and Amber Stoner for laboratory assistance, and Elizabeth
Murphy and Louis Blume for program guidance from U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office, This work Was
funded by Cooperative Agreement No. GL97524201 from U.S. EPA GLNPO. This
work is solely attributed to the authors and does not necessarily
represent the view of the U.S. EPA.
NR 37
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 3
U2 38
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 6
BP 2004
EP 2010
DI 10.1021/es903191u
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 565WG
UT WOS:000275325600022
PM 20163091
ER
PT J
AU Peterson, CD
Stock, E
Hart, R
Percy, D
Hostetler, SW
Knott, JR
AF Peterson, Curt D.
Stock, Errol
Hart, Roger
Percy, David
Hostetler, Steve W.
Knott, Jeffrey R.
TI Holocene coastal dune fields used as indicators of net littoral
transport: West Coast, USA
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Coastal dunes; Littoral drift; West Coast USA; Paleoclimate model;
Shoreline angle; Wind-Wave forcing
ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION-ZONE; OREGON COAST; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA;
CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTH-AMERICA; WAVE CLIMATE; WASHINGTON; RIVER;
SEDIMENT; BEACHES
AB Between Point Grenville, Washington, and Point Conception, California (1500 km distance) 21 dune fields record longshore transport in 20 littoral cells during the late Holocene. The direction of predominant littoral transport is established by relative positions of dune fields (north, central, or south) in 17 representative littoral cells. Dune field position is north of cell midpoints in northernmost Oregon and Washington, but is south of cell midpoints in southern Oregon and California. Downdrift sand trapping occurs at significant changes in shoreline angle and/or at bounding headlands that project at least 2.5 km seaward from the general coastal trend. Sand bypassing occurs around small headlands of less than 0.5 km in projection distance.
A northward shift of the winter low-pressure center in the northeast Pacific Ocean is modeled from 11 ka to 0 ka. Nearshore current forcing in southern Oregon and northern California switched from northward in earliest Holocene time to southward in late Holocene time. The late Holocene (5-0 ka) is generally characterized by net northward littoral drift in northernmost Oregon and Washington and by net southward littoral drift in southernmost Oregon and California. A regional divergence of net transport direction in central Oregon, i.e. no net drift, is consistent with modeled wind and wave forcing at the present time (0 ka). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Peterson, Curt D.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
[Stock, Errol] Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia.
[Hart, Roger] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Hostetler, Steve W.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Knott, Jeffrey R.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 93454 USA.
RP Peterson, CD (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, 1721 SW Broadway, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
EM Petersonc@pdx.edu; E.Stock@ens.gu.edu.au; roger_hart01@mac.com;
percyd@pdx.edu; steve@coas.oregonstate.edu;
jknott@Exchange.FULLERTON.EDU
FU NOAA; US Department of Commerce [NA76RG0476, R/SD-04]
FX This paper benefited from early reviews by John Dingler and Bob Morton.
This research was funded by the NOAA Office of Sea Grant and Extramural
Programs, US Department of Commerce, under grant number NA76RG0476,
project number R/SD-04, and by appropriations made by the Oregon State
Legislature. Unocal Corporation provided funding for the dating of dune
deposits in the Guadalupe dune sheet of California. The US Geological
Survey provided funding for the dating of barrier dune ridges in the
Columbia River littoral cell of Washington.
NR 66
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 116
IS 1-2
BP 115
EP 134
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.10.013
PG 20
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 569KI
UT WOS:000275595000011
ER
PT J
AU Starratt, SW
AF Starratt, Scott W.
TI The 23rd Pacific Climate Workshop (PACLIM)
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 USGS, Volcano Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Starratt, SW (reprint author), USGS, Volcano Sci Ctr, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM sstarrat@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
J9 QUATERN INT
JI Quat. Int.
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 215
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.11.028
PG 2
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 583JA
UT WOS:000276669400001
ER
PT J
AU Barron, JA
Bukry, D
Field, D
AF Barron, John A.
Bukry, David
Field, David
TI Santa Barbara Basin diatom and silicoflagellate response to global
climate anomalies during the past 2200 years
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 23rd Pacific Climate Workshop
CY MAY 13-16, 2007
CL Pacific Grove, CA
ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; 1997-1998 EL-NINO;
SEDIMENT-TRAP; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; SURFACE
SEDIMENTS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; VARVE FORMATION; GUAYMAS BASIN
AB Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages are quantified from a box core record spanning AD 1940-2001 and an Ocean Drilling Program Hole 893A record from 220 BC to AD 1880. The combined relative abundance of the diatoms Fragilariopsis doliolus and Nitzschia interrupteseriata from continuous two-year sampling intervals in the box core varies with sea surface temperature (SST), suggesting its utility in SST reconstruction. The assemblage data from the ODP 893A record indicate a broad interval of generally cooler SSTs between AD 800 and 1350, which corresponds to the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), a period of generally warmer temperatures across other regions of the northern hemisphere. The assemblages also indicate an interval of generally warmer SSTs between AD 1400 and 1800, a period of otherwise global cooling referred to as the Little Ice Age (LIA). The changes in assemblages of diatoms and silicoflagellates support the hypothesis that the widespread droughts of the Medieval Climate Anomaly in the Western US were associated with cooler eastern North Pacific SST. The box core assemblages have higher percentages of tropical and subtropical compared to temperate and subpolar species than the ODP samples, reflecting a response of phytoplankton communities to an unusual 20th century warming. Pseudonitzschia australis, a diatom linked with domoic acid production, begins to become more common (>3% of the diatom assemblage) in the box core only after AD 1985, suggesting a link to anthropogenic activity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
C1 [Barron, John A.; Bukry, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Field, David] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jbarron@usgs.gov
NR 56
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 16
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
EI 1873-4553
J9 QUATERN INT
JI Quat. Int.
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 215
IS 1-2
BP 34
EP 44
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.08.007
PG 11
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 583JA
UT WOS:000276669400005
ER
PT J
AU Miller, DM
Schmidt, KM
Mahan, SA
McGeehin, JP
Owen, LA
Barron, JA
Lehmkuhl, F
Lohrer, R
AF Miller, David M.
Schmidt, Kevin M.
Mahan, Shannon A.
McGeehin, John P.
Owen, Lewis A.
Barron, John A.
Lehmkuhl, Frank
Loehrer, Rene
TI Holocene landscape response to seasonality of storms in the Mojave
Desert
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 23rd Pacific Climate Workshop
CY MAY 13-16, 2007
CL Pacific Grove, CA
ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; ALLUVIAL-FAN DEVELOPMENT; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE;
WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SILVER LAKE PLAYA; LATE QUATERNARY; SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA; DEATH-VALLEY; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATIC INFLUENCE
AB New optically stimulated and radiocarbon ages for alluvial fan and lake deposits in the Mojave Desert are presented, which greatly improves the temporal resolution of surface processes. The new Mojave Desert climate-landscape record is particularly detailed for the late Holocene. Evidence from ephemeral lake deposits and landforms indicates times of sustained stream flow during a wet interval of the latter part of the Medieval Warm Period at ca. AD 1290 and during the Little Ice Age at ca. AD 1650. The former lakes postdate megadroughts of the Medieval Warm Period, whereas the latter match the Maunder Minimum of the Little Ice Age. Periods of alluvial fan aggradation across the Mojave Desert are 14-9 cal ka and 63 cal ka. This timing largely correlates to times of increased sea-surface temperatures in the Gulf of California and enhanced warm-season monsoons. This correlation suggests that sustained alluvial fan aggradation may be driven by intense summer-season storms. These data suggest that the close proximity of the Mojave Desert to the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California promotes a partitioning of landscape-process responses to climate forcings that vary with seasonality of the dominant storms. Cool-season Pacific frontal storms cause river flow, ephemeral lakes, and fan incision, whereas periods of intense warm-season storms cause hillslope erosion and alluvial fan aggradation. The proposed landscape-process partitioning has important implications for hazard mitigation given that climate change may increase sea-surface temperatures in the Gulf of California, which indirectly could increase future alluvial fan aggradation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved,
C1 [Miller, David M.; Schmidt, Kevin M.; Barron, John A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[McGeehin, John P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Owen, Lewis A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
[Lehmkuhl, Frank; Loehrer, Rene] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Geog, GER-52056 Aachen, Germany.
RP Miller, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dmiller@usgs.gov
OI Lehmkuhl, Frank/0000-0002-6876-7377; Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774
NR 116
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 3
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
J9 QUATERN INT
JI Quat. Int.
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 215
IS 1-2
BP 45
EP 61
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.10.001
PG 17
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 583JA
UT WOS:000276669400006
ER
PT J
AU Stets, EG
Winter, TC
Rosenberry, DO
Striegl, RG
AF Stets, Edward G.
Winter, Thomas C.
Rosenberry, Donald O.
Striegl, Robert G.
TI Quantification of surface water and groundwater flows to open- and
closed-basin lakes in a headwaters watershed using a descriptive oxygen
stable isotope model
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA; BALANCE; EVAPORATION; PERSPECTIVE; VALIDATION;
DELTA-O-18; EXCHANGE; HYDROGEN
AB Accurate quantification of hydrologic fluxes in lakes is important to resource management and for placing hydrologic solute flux in an appropriate biogeochemical context. Water stable isotopes can be used to describe water movements, but they are typically only effective in lakes with long water residence times. We developed a descriptive time series model of lake surface water oxygen-18 stable isotope signature (delta L) that was equally useful in open- and closed-basin lakes with very different hydrologic residence times. The model was applied to six lakes, including two closed-basin lakes and four lakes arranged in a chain connected by a river, located in a headwaters watershed. Groundwater discharge was calculated by manual optimization, and other hydrologic flows were constrained by measured values including precipitation, evaporation, and streamflow at several stream gages. Modeled and observed delta L were highly correlated in all lakes (r = 0.84-0.98), suggesting that the model adequately described delta L in these lakes. Average modeled stream discharge at two points along the river, 16,000 and 11,800 m(3) d(-1), compares favorably with synoptic measurement of stream discharge at these sites, 17,600 and 13,700 m(3) d(-1), respectively. Water yields in this watershed were much higher, 0.23-0.45 m, than water yields calculated from gaged streamflow in regional rivers, approximately 0.10 m, suggesting that regional groundwater discharge supports water flux through these headwaters lakes. Sensitivity and robustness analyses also emphasized the importance of considering hydrologic residence time when designing a sampling protocol for stable isotope use in lake hydrology studies.
C1 [Stets, Edward G.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Winter, Thomas C.; Rosenberry, Donald O.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Stets, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Ste E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM estets@usgs.gov
RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013;
OI Stets, Edward/0000-0001-5375-0196; Rosenberry,
Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641
FU U.S. Geological Survey Shingobee Headwaters Aquatic Ecosystems Project;
International Atomic Energy Agency Isotope Hydrology Programme; National
Research Council Research Associateship Program
FX We thank Dallas Hudson for extensive field sampling and support and
other participants in the U.S. Geological Survey Shingobee Headwaters
Aquatic Ecosystems Project. We also thank J. Walker, J. W. LaBaugh, and
an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments on an earlier draft
of this manuscript. This work was partially funded by the International
Atomic Energy Agency Isotope Hydrology Programme and by the National
Research Council Research Associateship Program.
NR 41
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 4
U2 30
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAR 13
PY 2010
VL 46
AR W03515
DI 10.1029/2009WR007793
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 568CX
UT WOS:000275500500001
ER
PT J
AU Hanyu, T
Kimura, JI
Katakuse, M
Calvert, AT
Sisson, TW
Nakai, S
AF Hanyu, Takeshi
Kimura, Jun -Ichi
Katakuse, Maiko
Calvert, Andrew T.
Sisson, Thomas W.
Nakai, Shun'ichi
TI Source materials for inception stage Hawaiian magmas: Pb-He isotope
variations for early Kilauea
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Kilauea; Hawaii; plume; isotope; noble gas; submarine rocks
ID MAUNA-KEA VOLCANO; SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; INTERSHIELD GEOCHEMICAL
DIFFERENCES; NOBLE-GAS SYSTEMATICS; PUU OO ERUPTION; HALEAKALA VOLCANO;
LOIHI SEAMOUNT; MELTING PROCESS; KOOLAU VOLCANO; MANTLE-PLUME
AB New noble gas and radiogenic isotopic compositions are presented for tholeiitic, transitional, and alkalic rocks from the submarine Hilina region on the south flank of Kilauea, Hawaii. The He-3/He-4 ratios for undegassed glass and olivine separates (11-26 Ra) contrast with those of postshield and rejuvenated alkalic lavas, consistent with the alkalic and transitional basalts at Hilina corresponding to early Kilauea magmas. Most early Kilauea samples contain highly radiogenic Pb isotopes compared with other Hawaiian rocks and therefore derive from a Hawaiian plume end-member source (here referred to as the Hilina component) distinctive in that respect. Besides radiogenic Pb isotopes, the Hilina component has relatively low He-3/He-4 (< 12 Ra) among the Hawaiian magmas. Hawaiian inception stage magmas, including Hilina, Loihi, and deep Hana Ridge (east Maui), define a linear array in Pb-206/Pb-204-He-3/He-4 isotope space, indicating that mixing between the Hilina and Loihi components (or their melts) dominates magmatism at the leading edge of the Hawaiian plume. The Hilina component's isotopic characteristics can be derived from young subduction-recycled crust or metasomatised mantle. The isotopic differences between the geographically discriminated Kea and Loa trend volcanic chains, observed in shield stage lavas, are also seen in the inception stage magmas, suggesting that proportions of melts derived from the Hilina and Loihi components were different between the Kea and Loa trend volcanoes.
C1 [Hanyu, Takeshi; Kimura, Jun -Ichi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Res Earth Evolut, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
[Katakuse, Maiko] Shimane Univ, Dept Geosci, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan.
[Calvert, Andrew T.; Sisson, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Nakai, Shun'ichi] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan.
RP Hanyu, T (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Res Earth Evolut, 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
EM hanyut@jamstec.go.jp
NR 105
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD MAR 11
PY 2010
VL 11
AR Q0AC01
DI 10.1029/2009GC002760
PG 25
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 568AO
UT WOS:000275493900002
ER
PT J
AU Lee, JY
Santamarina, JC
Ruppel, C
AF Lee, J. Y.
Santamarina, J. C.
Ruppel, C.
TI Volume change associated with formation and dissociation of hydrate in
sediment
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE gas hydrate; hydrate-bearing sediment; phase transformation; strain
ID METHANE HYDRATE; ENERGY RESOURCE; GAS HYDRATE; FROST HEAVE; SOILS;
PERMEABILITY; RIDGE
AB Gas hydrate formation and dissociation in sediments are accompanied by changes in the bulk volume of the sediment and can lead to changes in sediment properties, loss of integrity for boreholes, and possibly regional subsidence of the ground surface over areas where methane might be produced from gas hydrate in the future. Experiments on sand, silts, and clay subject to different effective stress and containing different saturations of hydrate formed from dissolved phase tetrahydrofuran are used to systematically investigate the impact of gas hydrate formation and dissociation on bulk sediment volume. Volume changes in low specific surface sediments (i.e., having a rigid sediment skeleton like sand) are much lower than those measured in high specific surface sediments (e. g., clay). Early hydrate formation is accompanied by contraction for all soils and most stress states in part because growing gas hydrate crystals buckle skeletal force chains. Dilation can occur at high hydrate saturations. Hydrate dissociation under drained, zero lateral strain conditions is always associated with some contraction, regardless of soil type, effective stress level, or hydrate saturation. Changes in void ratio during formation-dissociation decrease at high effective stress levels. The volumetric strain during dissociation under zero lateral strain scales with hydrate saturation and sediment compressibility. The volumetric strain during dissociation under high shear is a function of the initial volume average void ratio and the stress-dependent critical state void ratio of the sediment. Other contributions to volume reduction upon hydrate dissociation are related to segregated hydrate in lenses and nodules. For natural gas hydrates, some conditions (e. g., gas production driven by depressurization) might contribute to additional volume reduction by increasing the effective stress.
C1 [Lee, J. Y.] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
[Santamarina, J. C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Ruppel, C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Div, 92 Gwahang No, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
EM jyl@kigam.re.kr
OI Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC26-01NT41330]
FX This research was initially supported by the Chevron Joint Industry
Project on Methane Hydrates under contract DE-FC26-01NT41330 from the
U.S. Department of Energy to Georgia Tech. Additional support was
provided to J.Y. Lee by KIGAM, GHDO, and MKE and J.C. Santamarina by the
Goizueta Foundation. C. Ruppel thanks the USGS Gas Hydrates Project and
the MIT Earth Resources Laboratory for providing logistical support for
completion of this work. Comments from W. Waite, T. Kneafsey, and an
anonymous reviewer and successive insightful reviews by N. Sultan
improved the manuscript. Any use of a trade, product, or firm name is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.
S. Government. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations
expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the view of the DOE or the USGS.
NR 38
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U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD MAR 11
PY 2010
VL 11
AR Q03007
DI 10.1029/2009GC002667
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 568AO
UT WOS:000275493900001
ER
PT J
AU Heinz, GH
Hoffman, DJ
Klimstra, JD
Stebbins, KR
AF Heinz, Gary H.
Hoffman, David J.
Klimstra, Jon D.
Stebbins, Katherine R.
TI ENHANCED REPRODUCTION IN MALLARDS FED A LOW LEVEL OF METHYLMERCURY: AN
APPARENT CASE OF HORMESIS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hormesis; Mercury; Reproduction; Mallards; Anas platyrhynchos
ID FED METHYL MERCURY; COMMON LOONS; GAVIA-IMMER; EXPOSURE; EGGS;
EFFICIENCY; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; DUCKS
AB Breeding pairs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed a control diet or a diet containing 0.5 mu g/g mercury (Hg) in the form of methylmercury chloride. There were no effects of Hg on adult weights and no overt signs of Hg poisoning in adults. The Hg-containing diet had no effect on fertility of eggs, but hatching success of eggs was significantly higher for females fed 0.5 mu g/g Hg (71.8%) than for controls (57.5%). Survival of ducklings through 6 d of age was the same (97.8%) for controls and mallards fed 0.5 mu g/g mercury. However, the mean number of ducklings produced per female was significantly higher for the pairs fed 0.5 mu g/g Hg (21.4) than for controls (16.8). Although mercury in the parents' diet had no effect on mean duckling weights at hatching, ducklings from parents fed 0.5 mu g/g Hg weighed significantly more (mean 87.2 g) at 6 d of age than did control ducklings (81.0 g). The mean concentration of Hg in eggs laid by parents fed 0.5 mu g/g mercury was 0.81 mu g/g on a wet-weight basis. At this time, one cannot rule out the possibility that low concentrations of Hg in eggs may be beneficial, and this possibility should be considered when setting regulatory thresholds for methylmercury. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010; 29: 650-653. (C) 2009 SETAC
C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM gheinz@usgs.gov
FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12];
U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem
Restoration Program (grant ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the
U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank
Nelson Beyer and Nimish Vyas for their reviews of an early draft of this
manuscript.
NR 25
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Z9 17
U1 1
U2 11
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD MAR 10
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 3
BP 650
EP 653
DI 10.1002/etc.64
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 566KH
UT WOS:000275368600023
PM 20821490
ER
PT J
AU Rasmussen, C
Purcell, MK
Gregg, JL
LaPatra, SE
Winton, JR
Hershberger, PK
AF Rasmussen, C.
Purcell, M. K.
Gregg, J. L.
LaPatra, S. E.
Winton, J. R.
Hershberger, P. K.
TI Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region
reveals a novel clade of Ichthyophonus sp from rainbow trout
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ichthyophonus hoferi; Rainbow trout; Ribosomal gene complex; ITS1; ITS2
ID FLOUNDER LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA; NOVA-SCOTIA SHELF; PUGET-SOUND; HOFERI;
PATHOGEN; FUNGI; USA
AB The mesomycetozoean parasite Ichthyophonus hoferi is most commonly associated with marine fish hosts but also occurs in some components of the freshwater rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss aquaculture industry in Idaho, USA. It is not certain how the parasite was introduced into rainbow trout culture, but it might have been associated with the historical practice of feeding raw, ground common carp Cyprinus carpio that were caught by commercial fisherman. Here, we report a major genetic division between west coast freshwater and marine isolates of Ichthyophonus hoferi. Sequence differences were not detected in 2 regions of the highly conserved small subunit (18S) rDNA gene; however, nucleotide variation was seen in internal transcribed spacer loci (ITS1 and ITS2), both within and among the isolates. Intra-isolate variation ranged from 2.4 to 7.6 nucleotides over a region consisting of similar to 740 bp. Majority consensus sequences from marine/anadromous hosts differed in only 0 to 3 nucleotides (99.6 to 100% nucleotide identity), while those derived from freshwater rainbow trout had no nucleotide substitutions relative to each other. However, the consensus sequences between isolates from freshwater rainbow trout and those from marine/anadromous hosts differed in 13 to 16 nucleotides (97.8 to 98.2% nucleotide identity).
C1 [Gregg, J. L.; Hershberger, P. K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA.
[Rasmussen, C.; Purcell, M. K.; Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[LaPatra, S. E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA.
RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA.
EM phershberger@usgs.gov
OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433
FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; US Geological Survey
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program
FX We thank C. Grady and J. C. Woodson from the Western Fisheries Research
Center, and B. Shew-maker, M. Gonzales and R. Burkhart from Clear
Springs Foods, Inc. for technical assistance. Funding was provided by
the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 070819, and the US
Geological Survey Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Program. The use of
trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the
information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute
an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or
the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of
others that may be suitable.
NR 21
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 6
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD MAR 9
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 2
BP 179
EP 183
DI 10.3354/dao02184
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 576FZ
UT WOS:000276131000009
PM 20402235
ER
PT J
AU Wall, S
Hayes, A
Bristow, C
Lorenz, R
Stofan, E
Lunine, J
Le Gall, A
Janssen, M
Lopes, R
Wye, L
Soderblom, L
Paillou, P
Aharonson, O
Zebker, H
Farr, T
Mitri, G
Kirk, R
Mitchell, K
Notarnicola, C
Casarano, D
Ventura, B
AF Wall, S.
Hayes, A.
Bristow, C.
Lorenz, R.
Stofan, E.
Lunine, J.
Le Gall, A.
Janssen, M.
Lopes, R.
Wye, L.
Soderblom, L.
Paillou, P.
Aharonson, O.
Zebker, H.
Farr, T.
Mitri, G.
Kirk, R.
Mitchell, K.
Notarnicola, C.
Casarano, D.
Ventura, B.
TI Active shoreline of Ontario Lacus, Titan: A morphological study of the
lake and its surroundings
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CASSINI RADAR; SURFACE; MAPPER
AB Of more than 400 filled lakes now identified on Titan, the first and largest reported in the southern latitudes is Ontario Lacus, which is dark in both infrared and microwave. Here we describe recent observations including synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images by Cassini's radar instrument (lambda = 2 cm) and show morphological evidence for active material transport and erosion. Ontario Lacus lies in a shallow depression, with greater relief on the southwestern shore and a gently sloping, possibly wave-generated beach to the northeast. The lake has a closed internal drainage system fed by Earth-like rivers, deltas and alluvial fans. Evidence for active shoreline processes, including the wave-modified lakefront and deltaic deposition, indicates that Ontario is a dynamic feature undergoing typical terrestrial forms of littoral modification. Citation: Wall, S., et al. (2010), Active shoreline of Ontario Lacus, Titan: A morphological study of the lake and its surroundings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L05202, doi:10.1029/2009GL041821.
C1 [Wall, S.; Le Gall, A.; Janssen, M.; Lopes, R.; Farr, T.; Mitchell, K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Hayes, A.; Aharonson, O.; Mitri, G.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bristow, C.] Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England.
[Lorenz, R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Stofan, E.] Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA.
[Stofan, E.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London, England.
[Lunine, J.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Wye, L.; Zebker, H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Wye, L.; Zebker, H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Soderblom, L.; Kirk, R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Paillou, P.] Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, UMR 5218, UMR 5804, F-33271 Floirac, France.
[Notarnicola, C.] EURAC, Inst Appl Remote Sensing, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy.
[Ventura, B.] Univ Bari, Dept Phys, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
[Casarano, D.] CNR, Inst Geohydrol Protect, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
RP Wall, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM stephen.d.wall@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes,
Rosaly/D-1608-2016;
OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644;
Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096
FU program 'Incentivazione alla mobilita di studiosi stranieri e italiani
residenti all'estero' of Italy
FX We acknowledge contributions made by the Cassini RADAR Instrument
Development Teams, both at Alenia Aerospazio and at JPL; the RADAR
Instrument Operations Team; and the Cassini Project spacecraft
development and operations teams. The Cassini Program is a joint venture
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Italian
Space Agency (ASI), and the European Space Agency (ESA). J. L. was
funded in part by the program 'Incentivazione alla mobilita di studiosi
stranieri e italiani residenti all'estero' of Italy. Portions of this
work were performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, under contract with NASA.
NR 30
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAR 6
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L05202
DI 10.1029/2009GL041821
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 565OI
UT WOS:000275303000003
ER
PT J
AU Smith, DJ
Griffin, DW
Schuerger, AC
AF Smith, David J.
Griffin, Dale W.
Schuerger, Andrew C.
TI Stratospheric microbiology at 20 km over the Pacific Ocean
SO AEROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Upper atmosphere; Stratosphere; Microbiology; Pacific Ocean
ID DESERT DUST; BACILLUS ENDOSPORES; BALLOON PROGRAM; NUCLEI; ICE;
MICROORGANISMS; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; TERRESTRIAL; ATMOSPHERE
AB An aerobiology sampling flight at 20 km was conducted on 28 April 2008 over the Pacific Ocean (36.5A degrees N, 118-149A degrees W), a period of time that coincided with the movement of Asian dust across the ocean. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of viable bacteria and fungi within a transoceanic, atmospheric bridge and to improve the resolution of flight hardware processing techniques. Isolates of the microbial strains recovered were analyzed with ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing to identify bacterial species Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus endophyticus, and the fungal genus Penicillium. Satellite imagery and ground-based radiosonde observations were used to measure dust movement and characterize the high-altitude environment at the time of collection. Considering the atmospheric residency time (7-10 days), the extreme temperature regime of the environment (-75A degrees C), and the absence of a mechanism that could sustain particulates at high altitude, it is unlikely that our samples indicate a permanent, stratospheric ecosystem. However, the presence of viable fungi and bacteria in transoceanic stratosphere remains relevant to understanding the distribution and extent of microbial life on Earth.
C1 [Smith, David J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA.
[Schuerger, Andrew C.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Space Life Sci Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, 24 Kincaid Hall,Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM djsone@uw.edu
NR 43
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Z9 26
U1 0
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0393-5965
J9 AEROBIOLOGIA
JI Aerobiologia
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 1
BP 35
EP 46
DI 10.1007/s10453-009-9141-7
PG 12
WC Biology; Environmental Sciences
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology
GA 559RT
UT WOS:000274844600004
ER
PT J
AU Hudnut, KW
AF Hudnut, Kenneth W.
TI ShakeOut, California Style
SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Hudnut, Kenneth W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
[Hudnut, Kenneth W.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Hudnut, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
EM hudnut@usgs.gov
RI Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009
OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0003-2999
J9 ANESTH ANALG
JI Anesth. Analg.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 110
IS 3
BP 655
EP 656
DI 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181cd443d
PG 2
WC Anesthesiology
SC Anesthesiology
GA 563MS
UT WOS:000275137200003
PM 20185641
ER
PT J
AU Bluso-Demers, JD
Ackerman, JT
Takekawa, JY
AF Bluso-Demers, Jill D.
Ackerman, Joshua T.
Takekawa, John Y.
TI Colony attendance patterns by mated Forster's Terns Sterna forsteri
using an automated data-logging receiver system
SO ARDEA
LA English
DT Article
DE colony attendance; data-logging receiver; Forster's Tern; nocturnal
attendance; Sterna torsteri; San Francisco Bay
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; COMMON TERNS; PARENTAL CARE; CASPIAN TERN;
DISTURBANCE; CALIFORNIA; SUCCESS; SIZE; EGGS
AB In order to examine 24-hour colony attendance patterns by mated Forster's Terns Sterna torsteri in South San Francisco Bay, California. during incubation and chick-rearing stages, we radio-marked 10 individuals consisting of five pairs and recorded colony attendance using an automated data-logging receiver system. We calculated and analyzed five variables: the total attendance time by pairs and individuals, the duration of individual attendance bouts, and the duration both members of a pair either overlapped in colony attendance or were both absent from the colony. The percentage of time spent on the colony by at least one individual of a pair was highest during incubation and declined during chick rearing. Overall, male terns spent a greater proportion of tin-le diurnally attending the colony than females. Females spent a greater proportion of time on colony at night, and without these nocturnal records, we would have reported overall female colony attendance rates as being much lower. Despite sex-specific differences in attendance rates, the length of attendance bouts did not differ between the sexes. Simultaneous colony attendance by both members of a pair was high at night, but during the day, pairs infrequently overlapped in their colony attendance and both members were frequently absent. Our data-logging system functioned well, and our data illustrates the importance of collecting 24-hour records when considering attendance rates.
C1 [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
[Bluso-Demers, Jill D.; Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Bluso-Demers, JD (reprint author), San Francisco Bay Bird Observ, 524 Valley Way, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA.
EM jdemers@sfbbo.org
FU CalFed Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12];
USGS Western Ecological Research Center (WERC)
FX We thank S. A. Demers, B. L. Hill, C. A. Eagles-Smith and T. L.
Adelsbach for their assistance in the field. We also thank J. Adams, S.
E. Wainwright-De La Cruz, and A. K. Schultz for technical support. Staff
of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge provided
logistical support and access. This manuscript benefited from the
comments of S. A. Demers, D. C. Tsao, J. L. Yee, and two anonymous
reviewers. This research was funded under the CalFed Bay-Delta Program's
Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant number ERP-02D-C12) with additional
support from the USGS Western Ecological Research Center (WERC). We
captured, marked, and handled all birds under Federal Bird Banding
Permit number 22911 and California Department of Fish and Game Permit
number SC007250. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this
publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU NEDERLANDSE ORNITHOLOGISCHE UNIE
PI ZEIST
PA C/O PAUL STARMANS, OUDE ARNHEMSEWEG 261, 3705 BD ZEIST, NETHERLANDS
SN 0373-2266
J9 ARDEA
JI Ardea
PD SPR
PY 2010
VL 98
IS 1
BP 59
EP 65
DI 10.5253/078.098.0108
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 588SZ
UT WOS:000277095500008
ER
PT J
AU Hill, NJ
Takekawa, JY
Cardona, CJ
Ackerman, JT
Schultz, AK
Spragens, KA
Boyce, WM
AF Hill, Nichola J.
Takekawa, John Y.
Cardona, Carol J.
Ackerman, Joshua T.
Schultz, Annie K.
Spragens, Kyle A.
Boyce, Walter M.
TI Waterfowl Ecology and Avian Influenza in California: Do Host Traits
Inform Us About Viral Occurrence?
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Avian Influenza
CY APR 05-08, 2009
CL Univ Georgia, Athens, GA
HO Univ Georgia
DE Anatidae; host ecology; hunter harvested; ecomorphology; lamellae; low
pathogenic avian influenza; Pacific Flyway
ID DABBLING DUCKS; RICE FIELDS; A VIRUSES; WILD BIRDS; RT-PCR; H5N1;
PARAMYXOVIRUSES; VALLEY; SET
AB We examined whether host traits influenced the occurrence of avian influenza virus (AIV) in Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans) at wintering sites in California's Central Valley. In total, 3487 individuals were sampled at Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge and Conaway Ranch Duck Club during the hunting season of 2007-08. Of the 19 Anatidae species sampled, prevalence was highest in the northern shoveler (5.09%), followed by the ring-necked duck (2.63%), American wigeon (2.57%), bufflehead (2.50%), greater white-fronted goose (2.44%), and cinnamon teal (1.72%). Among host traits, density of lamellae (filtering plates) of dabbling ducks was significantly associated with AIV prevalence and the number of subtypes shed by the host, suggesting that feeding methods may influence exposure to viral particles.
C1 [Hill, Nichola J.; Takekawa, John Y.; Schultz, Annie K.; Spragens, Kyle A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
[Cardona, Carol J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Hill, Nichola J.; Boyce, Walter M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Hill, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
EM nhill@usgs.gov
RI Hill, Nichola/G-4003-2011
FU AHRQ HHS [HHSN266200700009C]
NR 47
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI ATHENS
PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 54
IS 1
SU S
BP 426
EP 432
DI 10.1637/8912-043009-Reg.1
PG 7
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 580NF
UT WOS:000276455300047
PM 20521673
ER
PT J
AU Takekawa, JY
Newman, SH
Xiao, XM
Prosser, DJ
Spragens, KA
Palm, EC
Yan, BP
Li, TX
Lei, FM
Zhao, DL
Douglas, DC
Bin Muzaffar, S
Ji, WT
AF Takekawa, John Y.
Newman, Scott H.
Xiao, Xiangming
Prosser, Diann J.
Spragens, Kyle A.
Palm, Eric C.
Yan, Baoping
Li, Tianxian
Lei, Fumin
Zhao, Delong
Douglas, David C.
Bin Muzaffar, Sabir
Ji, Weitao
TI Migration of Waterfowl in the East Asian Flyway and Spatial Relationship
to HPAI H5N1 Outbreaks
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Avian Influenza
CY APR 05-08, 2009
CL Univ Georgia, Athens, GA
HO Univ Georgia
DE Anatidae; waterfowl; Poyang Lake; Brownian bridge movement model;
satellite telemetry; highly pathogenic avian influenza; H5N1; East Asian
Flyway
ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; POYANG LAKE REGION; WILD BIRDS; FLOOD
FREQUENCY; CHINA; AREAS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; ECOLOGY; MARKETS; GEESE
AB Poyang Lake is situated within the East Asian Flyway, a migratory corridor for waterfowl that also encompasses Guangdong Province, China, the epicenter of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. The lake is the largest freshwater body in China and a significant congregation site for waterfowl; however, surrounding rice fields and poultry grazing have created an overlap with wild waterbirds, a situation conducive to avian influenza transmission. Reports of HPAI H5N1 in healthy wild ducks at Poyang Lake have raised concerns about the potential of resilient free-ranging birds to disseminate the virus. Yet the role wild ducks play in connecting regions of HPAI H5N1 outbreak in Asia is hindered by a lack of information about their migratory ecology. During 2007-08 we marked wild ducks at Poyang Lake with satellite transmitters to examine the location and timing of spring migration and identify any spatiotemporal relationship with HPAI H5N1 outbreaks. Species included the Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope), northern pintail (Anas acuta), common teal (Anas crecca), falcated teal (Anas falcata), Baikal teal (Anas formosa), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), gargancy (Anas querquedula), and Chinese spotbill (Anas poecilohyncha). These wild ducks (excluding the resident mallard and Chinese spotbill ducks) followed the East Asian Flyway along the coast to breeding areas in northern China, eastern Mongolia, and eastern Russia. None migrated west toward Qinghai Lake (site of the largest wild bird epizootic), thus failing to demonstrate any migratory connection to the Central Asian Flyway. A newly developed Brownian bridge spatial analysis indicated that HPAI H5N1 outbreaks reported in the flyway were related to latitude and poultry density but not to the core migration corridor or to wetland habitats. Also, we found a temporal mismatch between riming of outbreaks and wild duck movements. These analyses depend on complete or representative reporting of outbreaks, but by documenting movements of wild waterfowl, we present ecological knowledge that better informs epidemiological investigations seeking to explain and predict the spread of avian influenza viruses.
C1 [Takekawa, John Y.; Spragens, Kyle A.; Palm, Eric C.; Bin Muzaffar, Sabir] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
[Newman, Scott H.] United Nations Food & Agr Org, EMPRES Wildlife Unit, Emergency Ctr Transboundary Anim Dis, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
[Xiao, Xiangming; Zhao, Delong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Yan, Baoping] Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
[Li, Tianxian] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan Inst Virol, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
[Lei, Fumin; Zhao, Delong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
[Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Bin Muzaffar, Sabir] United Arab Emirates Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biol, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.
[Ji, Weitao] State Forestry Adm, Nanchang, Peoples R China.
RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov
OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799; Muzaffar, Sabir/0000-0001-9195-1677
FU FIC NIH HHS [7R01 TW007869-04, R01 TW007869]
NR 47
TC 66
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U1 5
U2 51
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI ATHENS
PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 54
IS 1
SU S
BP 466
EP 476
DI 10.1637/8914-043009-Reg.1
PG 11
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 580NF
UT WOS:000276455300055
PM 20521681
ER
PT J
AU Pedersen, J
Killian, ML
Hines, N
Senne, D
Panigrahy, B
Ip, HS
Spackman, E
AF Pedersen, Janice
Killian, Mary Lea
Hines, Nichole
Senne, Dennis
Panigrahy, Brundaban
Ip, Hon S.
Spackman, Erica
TI Validation of a Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay for the
Detection of H7 Avian Influenza Virus
SO AVIAN DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Symposium on Avian Influenza
CY APR 05-08, 2009
CL Univ Georgia, Athens, GA
HO Univ Georgia
DE avian influenza; poultry; real-time RT-PCR; surveillance; wild birds
ID CANADA
AB This report describes the validation of an avian influenza virus (AIV) H7 subtype-specific real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) assay developed at the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) for the detection of H7 AI in North and South American wild aquatic birds and poultry. The validation was a collaborative effort by the SEPRL and the National Veterinary Services Laboratories. The 2008 H7 rRT-PCR assay detects 10(1) 50% embryo infectious doses per reaction, or 10(3)-10(4) copies of transcribed H7 RNA. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were estimated to be 97.5% and 82.4%, respectively; the assay was shown to be specific for H7 AI when tested with >270 wild birds and poultry viruses. Following validation, the 2008 rRT-PCR. procedure was adopted as an official U.S. Department of Agriculture procedure for the detection of H7 AIV. The 2008 H7 assay replaced the previously used (2002) assay, which does not detect H7 viruses currently circulating in wild birds in North and South America.
C1 [Pedersen, Janice; Killian, Mary Lea; Hines, Nichole; Senne, Dennis; Panigrahy, Brundaban] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
[Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Ctr Hlth, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Spackman, Erica] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
RP Pedersen, J (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
EM Janice.C.Pedersen@aphis.usda.gov
NR 9
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U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS
PI ATHENS
PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA
SN 0005-2086
J9 AVIAN DIS
JI Avian Dis.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 54
IS 1
SU S
BP 639
EP 643
DI 10.1637/8911-043009-Reg.1
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 580NF
UT WOS:000276455300081
PM 20521707
ER
PT J
AU Vroom, PS
Musburger, CA
Cooper, SW
Maragos, JE
Page-Albins, KN
Timmers, MAV
AF Vroom, Peter S.
Musburger, Craig A.
Cooper, Susan W.
Maragos, James E.
Page-Albins, Kimberly N.
Timmers, Molly A. V.
TI Marine biological community baselines in unimpacted tropical ecosystems:
spatial and temporal analysis of reefs at Howland and Baker Islands
SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Algae; Coral reef; Fish; Monitoring; Phase shift
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEFS;
FRENCH-POLYNESIA; CENTRAL PACIFIC; BENTHIC COVER; PHASE-SHIFTS;
RECRUITMENT; HABITAT; FISHES
AB Howland and Baker Islands are two small, isolated reef and sand islets located near the equator in the central Pacific Ocean that are situated approximately 60 km apart. In 2004 and 2006, species-level monitoring at multiple sites, coupled with towed-diver surveys in 2002, 2004, and 2006 on both of these federally protected islands, revealed diverse fish, coral, macroinvertebrate, and algal assemblages. This study examines inter- and intra-island spatial and temporal differences in community composition among sites and presents baseline biological community parameters for two of the least impacted reef systems in the world. Despite similarities in species composition, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and multidimensional scaling ordinations (nMDS) suggest biological communities at the two islands are distinct with Baker Island containing a greater percent cover of branched Acroporid corals and turf algae and Howland Island containing a greater percent cover of crustose coralline red algae and small, compact genera of coral. Both islands also contained considerable cover of non-invasive macroalgae. PERMANOVA further revealed benthic and fish species composition to differ between forereef and reef shelf sites from different sides of each island. When islands were considered as a whole, temporal changes were not noted between 2004 and 2006; however, temporal changes at select sites did occur, with coral cover decreasing significantly along the west side of Baker Island from 2004 to 2006.
C1 [Vroom, Peter S.; Musburger, Craig A.; Cooper, Susan W.; Page-Albins, Kimberly N.; Timmers, Molly A. V.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
[Musburger, Craig A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
[Maragos, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI USA.
RP Vroom, PS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
EM Peter.Vroom@noaa.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Special Use Permit [12521-04001]
FX Thanks to the crews of the NOAA ships Oscar Elton Sette and Hi`ialakai
for field support. Thanks also to B DeJoseph, M Kalson, and J Stephenson
for algal microscope slide and herbarium sheet preparation, E DeMartini,
A Friedlander, J Philibotte, P Ayotte, and S McTee for assistance with
collection of fish data, M Dailer for assistance with collection of
benthic data, and P Ayotte and B Richards for help with interpretation
of fish results. B Bowen, R Brainard, E DeMartini, K Holland, and J
Kenyon reviewed early drafts of the manuscript and provided valuable
feedback. Funding to CRED for scientific expeditions to the U. S.
Pacific Remote Island Areas was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef
Conservation Program. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific
Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex granted NOAA permission
to enter the two National Wildlife Refuges under U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service Special Use Permit 12521-04001.
NR 61
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U1 6
U2 33
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0960-3115
J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV
JI Biodivers. Conserv.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 3
BP 797
EP 812
DI 10.1007/s10531-009-9735-y
PG 16
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 552YI
UT WOS:000274330800012
ER
PT J
AU Mech, D
Cronin, MA
AF Mech, Dave
Cronin, Matthew A.
TI Isle Royale study affirms ability of wolves to persist
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Letter
ID VIABILITY
C1 [Mech, Dave] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Cronin, Matthew A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA.
RP Mech, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711-37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM mechx002@umn.edu; ffmac1@uaf.edu
NR 3
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U1 0
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 143
IS 3
BP 535
EP 536
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.10.019
PG 2
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 573WQ
UT WOS:000275946400002
ER
PT J
AU Link, WA
Yoshizaki, J
Bailey, LL
Pollock, KH
AF Link, William A.
Yoshizaki, Jun
Bailey, Larissa L.
Pollock, Kenneth H.
TI Uncovering a Latent Multinomial: Analysis of Mark-Recapture Data with
Misidentification
SO BIOMETRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE DNA fingerprints; Mark-recapture; Misidentification; Multinomial;
Natural tags; Null space
ID POPULATION-SIZE; IDENTIFICATION; ERROR
AB Natural tags based on DNA fingerprints or natural features of animals are now becoming very widely used in wildlife population biology. However, classic capture-recapture models do not allow for misidentification of animals which is a potentially very serious problem with natural tags. Statistical analysis of misidentification processes is extremely difficult using traditional likelihood methods but is easily handled using Bayesian methods. We present a general framework for Bayesian analysis of categorical data arising from a latent multinomial distribution. Although our work is motivated by a specific model for misidentification in closed population capture-recapture analyses, with crucial assumptions which may not always be appropriate, the methods we develop extend naturally to a variety of other models with similar structure. Suppose that observed frequencies f are a known linear transformation f = A'x of a latent multinomial variable x with cell probability vector pi = pi(theta). Given that full conditional distributions [theta vertical bar x] can be sampled, implementation of Gibbs sampling requires only that we can sample from the full conditional distribution [x vertical bar f, theta], which is made possible by knowledge of the null space of A'. We illustrate the approach using two data sets with individual misidentification, one simulated, the other summarizing recapture data for salamanders based on natural marks.
C1 [Link, William A.; Yoshizaki, Jun; Bailey, Larissa L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 21163 USA.
[Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Link, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 21163 USA.
EM wlink@usgs.gov
RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009
NR 19
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Z9 38
U1 1
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0006-341X
EI 1541-0420
J9 BIOMETRICS
JI Biometrics
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 66
IS 1
BP 178
EP 185
DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2009.01244.x
PG 8
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
Biology; Mathematics
GA 571CH
UT WOS:000275727200021
PM 19397581
ER
PT J
AU Urbanek, RP
Fondow, LEA
Zimorski, SE
Wellington, MA
Nipper, MA
AF Urbanek, Richard P.
Fondow, Lara E. A.
Zimorski, Sara E.
Wellington, Marianne A.
Nipper, Mark A.
TI Winter release and management of reintroduced migratory Whooping Cranes
Grus americana
SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
ID SANDHILL CRANES
AB From 2001 to 2005, 71 costume-reared juvenile Whooping Cranes Grits americana were led by ultralight aircraft from Wisconsin to a winter release site on the west-central Gulf Coast of Florida. A strategy was developed and implemented to maximize first winter survival while preventing exposure to non-costumed humans and tame Sandhill Cranes, maximize social bonding between males and females, promote safe roosting and wild behaviour, and minimize harassment by Whooping Cranes from earlier releases. Methods were improved each year; these modifications included enlargement of an open-topped release pen, creation of an artificial roosting substrate, addition of a top-netted pen, and holding birds at a distant pen site until older birds had cleared the release area. These techniques resulted in high survival and successful adaptation to the wild after migration from the winter release site.
C1 [Urbanek, Richard P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Necedah Natl Wildlife Refuge, Necedah, WI 54646 USA.
[Fondow, Lara E. A.; Zimorski, Sara E.; Wellington, Marianne A.] Int Crane Fdn, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA.
[Nipper, Mark A.] Operat Migrat, Port Perry, ON L6L 1B7, Canada.
RP Urbanek, RP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Necedah Natl Wildlife Refuge, W7996 20th St W, Necedah, WI 54646 USA.
EM richard_urbanek@fws.gov
FU T. Kohler, Windway Capital Corporation
FX This paper is a product of the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership, which
was established in 1999 to reintroduce a migratory population of
Whooping Cranes to eastern North America. The nine founding members are
the Canada-U.S. Whooping Crane Recovery Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, USGS National Wildlife
Health Center, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Operation
Migration, Inc., International Crane Foundation, National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation, and Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin. Many
additional organizations and individuals have played an important role
in the reintroduction, and the efforts of all participants are
acknowledged as vital to its success. We thank Patuxent, especially J.
French, G. Gee, G. Olsen, D. Sprague, J. Chandler, K. O'Malley, B. and
B. Clauss, R. Doyle, and C. Shafer, and Operation Migration, especially
J. Duff, D. Clark, R. van Heuvelen, W. Lishman, B. Pennypacker, and C.
Gullikson, for chick rearing and ultralight aircraft-led migrations. We
thank the International Crane Foundation, especially C. Satyshur, J.
Watson, S. Castelda, C. Malachowski, S. Kerley, and T. Love, for
tracking released birds. We are grateful to J. Kraus, B. Brooks, L.
Wargowsky, and J. Christian, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; S. Blitch
and N. Robbins, Florida Department of Environmental Protection; and M.
Barnwell, Southwest Florida Water Management District; for support and
provision of facilities. We thank the many additional cooperators and
state personnel who assisted in monitoring. T. Kohler, Windway Capital
Corporation, graciously provided tracking aircraft and financial
support. S. Swengel, D. Ellis, and P. Seddon made valuable comments on
the manuscript.
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U1 2
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PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0959-2709
J9 BIRD CONSERV INT
JI Bird Conserv. Int.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 1
BP 43
EP 54
DI 10.1017/S0959270909990153
PG 12
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 576TP
UT WOS:000276172000005
ER
PT J
AU Stockwell, JD
Hrabik, TR
Jensen, OP
Yule, DL
Balge, M
AF Stockwell, Jason D.
Hrabik, Thomas R.
Jensen, Olaf P.
Yule, Daniel L.
Balge, Matthew
TI Empirical evaluation of predator-driven diel vertical migration in Lake
Superior
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; CISCO COREGONUS-ZENITHICUS; MYSIS-RELICTA;
ECOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; PELAGIC COMMUNITY; SPECIES
PAIR; PREY FISHES; MICHIGAN; ZOOPLANKTON
AB Recent studies on Lake Superior suggest that diel vertical migration (DVM) of prey (generalized Coregonus spp.) may be influenced by the density of predatory siscowet (Salvelinus namaycush). We empirically evaluated this hypothesis using data from acoustic, midwater trawl, and bottom trawl sampling at eight Lake Superior sites during three seasons in 2005 and a subset of sites in 2006. We expected the larger-bodied cisco (Coregonus artedi) to exhibit a shallower DVM compared with the smaller-bodied kiyi (Coregonus kiyi). Although DVM of kiyi and cisco were consistent with expectations of DVM as a size-dependent, predator-mediated process, we found no relationship between siscowet density and the magnitude of DVM of either coregonid. Cisco appear to have a size refuge from siscowet predation. Kiyi and siscowet co-occur in demersal habitat > 150 in during the day, where visual predation is unlikely, suggesting predator avoidance is not a factor in the daytime distribution of kiyi. Seasonal patterns of kiyi DVM were consistent with reported DVM of their primary prey Mysis relicta. Our results suggest that consideration of nonvisual foraging, rather than light-based foraging theory (i.e., the antipredation window), is necessary to understand the processes driving DVM in deepwater systems.
C1 [Hrabik, Thomas R.; Balge, Matthew] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
[Stockwell, Jason D.; Yule, Daniel L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
[Jensen, Olaf P.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Stockwell, JD (reprint author), Gulf Maine Res Inst, 350 Commercial St, Portland, ME 04101 USA.
EM jstockwell@gmri.org
RI Jensen, Olaf/E-4947-2011
FU NOAA Office of Sea Grant, US Department of Commerce [NA03OAR4170048];
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [DW-14-948-10801-0]; Wisconsin
Sea; National Science Foundation
FX We thank the Captain and crew of the RN Kiyi, Lake Superior Biological
Station staff, students, and volunteers for their tireless work in the
field. Sture Hansson, Jim Kitchell, and several anonymous reviewers
greatly improved the manuscript. We are grateful to Lori Evrard for Fig.
1. This work is the result of research sponsored by the Minnesota Sea
Grant College Program supported by the NOAA Office of Sea Grant, US
Department of Commerce, under grant No. NA03OAR4170048. Partial support
was provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Great Lakes
National Program Office (inter-agency agreement DW-14-948-10801-0),
Wisconsin Sea Grant, and the Biological Oceanography Program of the
National Science Foundation (Apex Predator Group). The US Government is
authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for government purposes,
not withstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. This
article is contribution No. 1549 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes
Science Center and journal reprint No. JR 543 of the Minnesota Sea Grant
College Program.
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U1 5
U2 23
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 3
BP 473
EP 485
DI 10.1139/F09-198
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 566FV
UT WOS:000275356400003
ER
PT J
AU Krauss, KW
Duberstein, JA
AF Krauss, Ken W.
Duberstein, Jamie A.
TI Sapflow and water use of freshwater wetland trees exposed to saltwater
incursion in a tidally influenced South Carolina watershed
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
FORESTIERE
LA English
DT Article
ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; SAP FLUX-DENSITY; SEA-LEVEL RISE;
TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM; SALINITY; FLOW; FOREST; BALDCYPRESS; GROWTH;
MANGROVES
AB Sea-level rise and anthropogenic activity promote salinity incursion into many tidal freshwater forested wetlands. Interestingly, individual trees can persist for decades after salt impact. To understand why, we documented sapflow (J(s)), reduction in J(s) with sapwood depth, and water use (F) of baldcypress (Tavodium distichum (L.) Rich.) trees undergoing exposure to salinity. The mean J(s) of individual trees was reduced by 2.8 g H(2)O.m(-2).s(-1) (or by 18%) in the outer sapwood on a saline site versus a freshwater site; however, the smallest trees, present only on the saline site, also registered the lowest J(s). Hence, tree size significantly influenced the overall site effect on J(s). Trees undergoing perennial exposure to salt used greater relative amounts of water in outer sapwood than in inner sapwood depths, which identifies a potentially different strategy for baldcypress trees coping with saline site conditions over decades. Overall, individual trees used 100 kg H(2)O.day(-1) on a site that remained relatively fresh versus 23.9 kg H(2)O.day(-1) on the saline site. We surmise that perennial salinization of coastal freshwater forests forces shifts in individual-tree osmotic balance and water-use strategy to extend survival time on suboptimal sites, which further influences growth and morphology.
C1 [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Duberstein, Jamie A.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA.
RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM kkrauss@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey Global Change Research Program; Cooperative State
Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES); US Department of
Agriculture (USDA) [SCZ01710027]
FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey Global Change
Research Program. We would like to thank Brian Williams, Mark Mann,
Jeffery Vernon, and Nicole Cormier for offering valuable field
assistance at various stages; Masamichi Ogasawara for measurements of
forest LAI; and William H. Conner and Thomas W. Doyle for collaboration
on this project. We are indebted to Jim L. Chambers, Courtney T.
Hackney, James A. Allen, and anonymous referees for providing valuable
reviews on an earlier version of this manuscript; and Darren J. Johnson
for conducting and interpreting the statistical analyses. Portions of
this material are based on work supported by the Cooperative State
Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) US Department of
Agriculture (USDA), under project SCZ01710027. This is Technical
Contribution No. 5603 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. Any
use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only
and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 40
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U1 0
U2 12
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0045-5067
J9 CAN J FOREST RES
JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 40
IS 3
BP 525
EP 535
DI 10.1139/X09-204
PG 11
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 580XR
UT WOS:000276484600011
ER
PT J
AU Suryan, RM
Fischer, KN
AF Suryan, Robert M.
Fischer, Karen N.
TI Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific
resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID SHORT-TAILED ALBATROSSES; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS;
SYMPATRIC ALBATROSSES; FORAGING DESTINATIONS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; HABITAT
USE; SEABIRDS; DIETARY; BIRDS
AB Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) are the most threatened family of birds globally. The three North Pacific species (Phoebastria Reichenbach, 1853) are listed as either endangered or vulnerable, with the population of Short-tailed Albatross (Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769)) less than 1% of its historical size. All North Pacific albatross species do not currently breed sympatrically, yet they do co-occur at-sea during the nonbreeding season. We incorporated stable isotope analysis with the first simultaneous satellite-tracking study of all three North Pacific albatross species while sympatric on summer (nonbreeding season) foraging grounds off Alaska. Carbon isotope ratios and tracking data identify differences in primary foraging domains of continental shelf and slope waters for Short-tailed Albatrosses and Black-footed Albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes (Audubon, 1839)) versus oceanic waters for Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis (Rothschild, 1893)). Short-tailed and Black-footed albatrosses also fed at higher trophic levels than Laysan Albatrosses. The relative trophic position of Black-footed and Laysan albatrosses, however, appears to differ between nonbreeding and breeding seasons. Spatial segregation also occurred at a broader geographic scale, with Short-tailed Albatrosses ranging more north into the Bering Sea than Black-footed Albatrosses, which ranged more to the southeast, and Laysan Albatrosses more to the southwest. Differences in carbon isotope ratios among North Pacific albatross species during the nonbreeding season likely reflect the relative proportion of neritic (more carbon enriched) versus oceanic (carbon depleted) derived nutrients, and possible differential use of fishery discards, rather than latitudinal differences in distribution.
C1 [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Fischer, Karen N.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Suryan, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu
OI Courtot, Karen/0000-0002-8849-4054
FU North Pacific Research Board; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon
State University
FX G. Balogh, D. Roby, and P. Sievert were instrumental in the success of
at-sea captures and satellite tagging. We are grateful to the efforts of
the captains and crew of the FN Kema Sue. F. Taylor with Birdlife
International interpolated satellite-tracking data prior to analyses. We
thank J. Ball, J. Schmutz, and one anonymous reviewer for insightful
comments to improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by the North
Pacific Research Board and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This
research was approved by the animal care and use committee of Oregon
State University and by permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
This is contribution No. 232 of the North Pacific Research Board.
NR 36
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 20
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 88
IS 3
BP 299
EP 305
DI 10.1139/Z10-002
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 580XU
UT WOS:000276484900008
ER
PT J
AU Hanson, KC
Hasler, CT
Donaldson, MR
Cooke, SJ
AF Hanson, K. C.
Hasler, C. T.
Donaldson, M. R.
Cooke, S. J.
TI Stability of swimming performance and activity hierarchies among wild
largemouth bass at multiple temporal scales: evidence for
context-dependent shuffling between seasons
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
ID EUROPEAN SEA BASS; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION;
MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; SPAWNING MIGRATIONS; AEROBIC PERFORMANCE;
ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; REPEATABILITY
AB Laboratory-based studies of locomotory performance in many taxa have noted that individuals form stable hierarchies of organismal performance. Though laboratory studies of teleost fishes have consistently demonstrated individual repeatability of swimming performance, this phenomenon has rarely been studied in the field and never across multiple years. Using a whole-lake acoustic telemetry array with submetre accuracy, we assessed the individual repeatability of two metrics of swimming performance (daily distance traveled and mean daily swimming speed) within four seasons during a year (fall, winter, spring, and summer), among these seasons, and between winters of 2 years. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede, 1802)) formed stable performance hierarchies within seasons except spring and no sexspecific differences in rankings were noted. Individual swimming performance was not repeatable among seasons during 1 year or across multiple winters. Seasonal changes in environmental and intrinsic biological conditions appear to result in a reshuffling of performance hierarchies, perhaps reflecting individual differences in organismal physiology.
C1 [Hanson, K. C.; Hasler, C. T.; Donaldson, M. R.; Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
RP Hanson, KC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
EM Kyle_Hanson@fws.gov
RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010;
OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659; Donaldson,
Michael/0000-0002-1178-5988
FU University of Illinois; Illinois Natural History Survey; Illinois
Department of Natural Resources; Canadian Foundation for Innovation;
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S.
Councils on Animal Care
FX We thank all the individuals who contributed to the collection of data
for this study including David Philipp and George Niezgoda. This study
was carried out at the Queen's University Biological Station and we
thank the Biological Station staff, in particular Frank Phelan, Floyd
Connor, Rod Green, and Raleigh Robertson, for facilitating this
research. Permits were provided by the Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources and animal care approvals were granted through Queen's
University. Financial support was provided by the University of
Illinois, Illinois Natural History Survey, Illinois Department of
Natural Resources, pCanadian Foundation for Innovation, and the Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The workerformed in
this study conforms to guidelines set forth by both the Canadian and
U.S. Councils on Animal Care.
NR 50
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 12
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 88
IS 3
BP 324
EP 333
DI 10.1139/Z10-006
PG 10
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 580XU
UT WOS:000276484900011
ER
PT J
AU McKernan, MA
Rattner, BA
Hatfield, JS
Hale, RC
Ottinger, MA
AF McKernan, Moira A.
Rattner, Barnett A.
Hatfield, Jeff S.
Hale, Robert C.
Ottinger, Mary Ann
TI Absorption and biotransformation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers DE-71
and DE-79 in chicken (Gallus gallus), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos),
American kestrel (Falco sparverius) and black-crowned night-heron
(Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE Birds; Metabolism; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Uptake
ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; TISSUE-SPECIFIC DISTRIBUTION; CARP
CYPRINUS-CARPIO; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS;
POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; SEX DETERMINATION;
GLAUCOUS GULLS; MASS-BALANCE
AB We recently reported that air cell administration of penta-brominated diphenyl ether (penta-BDE; DE-71) evokes biochemical and immunologic effects in chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos at very low doses, and impairs pipping (i.e., stage immediately prior to hatching) and hatching success at 1.8 mu g g(-1) egg (actual dose absorbed) in American kestrels (Falco sparverius). In the present study, absorption of poly-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners was measured following air cell administration of a penta-BDE mixture (11.1 mu g DE-71 g(-1) egg) or an octa-brominated diphenyl ether mixture (octa-BDE; DE-79; 15.4 mu g DE-79 g(-1) egg). Uptake of PBDE congeners was measured at 24 h post-injection, midway through incubation, and at pipping in chicken, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and American kestrel egg contents, and at the end of incubation in black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) egg contents. Absorption of penta-BDE and octa-BDE from the air cell into egg contents occurred throughout incubation; at pipping, up to 29.6% of penta-BDE was absorbed, but only 1.40-6.48% of octa-BDE was absorbed. Higher brominated congeners appeared to be absorbed more slowly than lower brominated congeners, and uptake rate was inversely proportional to the log K(ow) of predominant BDE congeners. Six congeners or co-eluting pairs of congeners were detected in penta-BDE-treated eggs that were not found in the dosing solution suggesting debromination in the developing embryo, extraembryonic membranes, and possibly even in the air cell membrane. This study demonstrates the importance of determining the fraction of xenobiotic absorbed into the egg following air cell administration for estimation of the lowest-observed-effect level. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [McKernan, Moira A.; Rattner, Barnett A.; Hatfield, Jeff S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[McKernan, Moira A.; Ottinger, Mary Ann] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hale, Robert C.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM brattner@usgs.gov
NR 43
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U1 0
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 79
IS 1
BP 100
EP 109
DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.023
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 573WL
UT WOS:000275945900015
PM 20079516
ER
PT J
AU McCabe, GJ
Wolock, DM
AF McCabe, Gregory J.
Wolock, David M.
TI Long-term variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations
with warmer winters
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID CIRCUMPOLAR VORTEX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN;
PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; EXTENT; CIRCULATION; JANUARY; TRENDS
AB A monthly snow accumulation and melt model is used with gridded monthly temperature and precipitation data for the Northern Hemisphere to generate time series of March snow-covered area (SCA) for the period 1905 through 2002. The time series of estimated SCA for March is verified by comparison with previously published time series of SCA for the Northern Hemisphere. The time series of estimated Northern Hemisphere March SCA shows a substantial decrease since about 1970, and this decrease corresponds to an increase in mean winter Northern Hemisphere temperature. The increase in winter temperature has caused a decrease in the fraction of precipitation that occurs as snow and an increase in snowmelt for some parts of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly the mid-latitudes, thus reducing snow packs and March SCA. In addition, the increase in winter temperature and the decreases in SCA appear to be associated with a contraction of the circumpolar vortex and a poleward movement of storm tracks, resulting in decreased precipitation (and snow) in the low- to mid-latitudes and an increase in precipitation (and snow) in high latitudes. If Northern Hemisphere winter temperatures continue to warm as they have since the 1970s, then March SCA will likely continue to decrease.
C1 [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA.
RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM gmccabe@usgs.gov; dwolock@usgs.gov
NR 40
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U1 1
U2 28
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 99
IS 1-2
BP 141
EP 153
DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9675-2
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 559SD
UT WOS:000274846100009
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, JD
Naff, RL
AF Wilson, John David
Naff, Richard L.
TI Multigrid preconditioned conjugate-gradient solver for mixed
finite-element method
SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Mixed finite element method; Lowest-order Raviart-Thomas; Subsurface
flow; Multigrid; Distorted grids; Conjugate gradient; Nested iteration
ID ALGORITHMS
AB The mixed finite-element approximation to a second-order elliptic PDE results in a saddle-point problem and leads to an indefinite linear system of equations. The mixed system of equations can be transformed into coupled symmetric positive-definite matrix equations, or a Schur complement problem, using block Gauss elimination. A preconditioned conjugate-gradient algorithm is used for solving the Schur complement problem. The mixed finite-element method is closely related to the cell-centered finite difference scheme for solving second-order elliptic problems with variable coefficients. For the cell-centered finite difference scheme, a simple multigrid algorithm can be defined and used as a preconditioner. For distorted grids, an additional iteration is needed. Nested iteration with a multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient inner iteration results in an effective numerical solution technique for the mixed system of linear equations arising from a discretization on distorted grids. Numerical results show that the preconditioned conjugate-gradient inner iteration is robust with respect to grid size and variability in the hydraulic conductivity tensor.
C1 [Wilson, John David; Naff, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Wilson, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jwilson@math.cudenver.edu; rlnaff@usgs.gov
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1420-0597
J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI
JI Comput. Geosci.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 14
IS 2
BP 289
EP 299
DI 10.1007/s10596-009-9152-z
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA 554SY
UT WOS:000274455900006
ER
PT J
AU Kennen, JG
Riva-Murray, K
Beaulieu, KM
AF Kennen, Jonathan G.
Riva-Murray, Karen
Beaulieu, Karen M.
TI Determining hydrologic factors that influence stream macroinvertebrate
assemblages in the northeastern US
SO ECOHYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE hydroecology; macroinvertebrates; flow-ecology response relations;
multiple regression; disturbance gradient; multivariate; landscape
fragmentation
ID NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; INVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; WATER
WITHDRAWALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; FLOW REGIMES; LAND-COVER;
RIVER; DISTURBANCE
AB The effects of changes in the landscape and alteration of natural flow process on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages were investigated in 67 small-to-medium sized (15-526 km(2)) upland streams in the northeastern United States. Environmental characteristics that were found to be important in determining macroinvertebrate-assemblage composition include urbanization and concomitant changes in natural streamflow patterns. In particular, hydrologic attributes accounted for a significant proportion of the variability and were important in driving modifications to assemblage structure after natural environmental variability was extracted. For example, mean April flow accounted for the greatest amount of assemblage variability in any single multiple linear regression (MLR) model (65%) and duration of high flows accounted for a significant portion of the assemblage variability in the five, four and one-variable models (25, 26, and 23%, respectively). Seasonal predictability of low flow consistently accounted for a significant proportion of the assemblage variability in all but the two-variable (MLR) model. Significant (p < 0.05) bivariate flow-ecology response relations were established, especially for hydrologic measures that account for the frequency, duration, and magnitude of flow events, and these relations generally followed increasing or decreasing trends that would be expected given changes in stream hydrology. This study demonstrates that there are likely specific negative consequences to stream biotic integrity in northeastern streams as the result of hydrologic alteration associated with basin urbanization. Understanding the relations between hydrologic modification and aquatic assemblages will help efforts to set sustainable flow standards for protection of aquatic assemblages while providing water for human needs. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Kennen, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
[Riva-Murray, Karen] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Beaulieu, Karen M.] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA.
RP Kennen, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd,Suite 206, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
EM jgkennen@usgs.gov
NR 98
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U1 4
U2 44
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1936-0584
J9 ECOHYDROLOGY
JI Ecohydrology
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 1
BP 88
EP 106
DI 10.1002/eco.99
PG 19
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 572DZ
UT WOS:000275808800009
ER
PT J
AU Faaborg, J
Holmes, RT
Anders, AD
Bildstein, KL
Dugger, KM
Gauthreaux, SA
Heglund, P
Hobson, KA
Jahn, AE
Johnson, DH
Latta, SC
Levey, DJ
Marra, PP
Merkord, CL
Nol, E
Rothstein, SI
Sherry, TW
Sillett, TS
Thompson, FR
Warnock, N
AF Faaborg, John
Holmes, Richard T.
Anders, Angela D.
Bildstein, Keith L.
Dugger, Katie M.
Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr.
Heglund, Patricia
Hobson, Keith A.
Jahn, Alex E.
Johnson, Douglas H.
Latta, Steven C.
Levey, Douglas J.
Marra, Peter P.
Merkord, Christopher L.
Nol, Erica
Rothstein, Stephen I.
Sherry, Thomas W.
Sillett, T. Scott
Thompson, Frank R., III
Warnock, Nils
TI Conserving migratory land birds in the New World: Do we know enough?
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE breeding season management; conservation; en route bird conservation;
global climate change; intratropical migration; land birds; migration;
Partners in Flight; source-sink dynamics; winter population limitation
ID NORTH-AMERICAN BIRDS; WINTER SITE FIDELITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT USE;
NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; NONBREEDING SEASON; GRASSLAND BIRDS; REGENERATING
CLEARCUTS; POPULATION LIMITATION; SETOPHAGA-RUTICILLA
AB Migratory bird needs must be met during four phases of the year: breeding season, fall migration, wintering, and spring migration; thus, management may be needed during all four phases. The bulk of research and management has focused on the breeding season, although several issues remain unsettled, including the spatial extent of habitat influences on fitness and the importance of habitat on the breeding grounds used after breeding. Although detailed investigations have shed light on the ecology and population dynamics of a few avian species, knowledge is sketchy for most species. Replication of comprehensive studies is needed for multiple species across a range of areas.
Information deficiencies are even greater during the wintering season, when birds require sites that provide security and food resources needed for survival and developing nutrient reserves for spring migration and, possibly, reproduction. Research is needed on many species simply to identify geographic distributions, wintering sites, habitat use, and basic ecology. Studies are complicated, however, by the mobility of birds and by sexual segregation during winter. Stable-isotope methodology has offered an opportunity to identify linkages between breeding and wintering sites, which facilitates understanding the complete annual cycle of birds.
The twice-annual migrations are the poorest-understood events in a bird's life. Migration has always been a risky undertaking, with such anthropogenic features as tall buildings, towers, and wind generators adding to the risk. Species such as woodland specialists migrating through eastern North America have numerous options for pausing during migration to replenish nutrients, but some species depend on limited stopover locations. Research needs for migration include identifying pathways and timetables of migration, quality and distribution of habitats, threats posed by towers and other tall structures, and any bottlenecks for migration.
Issues such as human population growth, acid deposition, climate change, and exotic diseases arc global concerns with uncertain consequences to migratory birds and even less-certain remedies. Despite enormous gaps in our understanding of these birds, research, much of it occurring in the past 30 years, has provided sufficient information to make intelligent conservation efforts but needs to expand to handle future challenges.
C1 [Faaborg, John] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Holmes, Richard T.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Anders, Angela D.] Clancy Environm Consultants, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA.
[Bildstein, Keith L.] Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Orwigsburg, PA 17961 USA.
[Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Heglund, Patricia] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
[Jahn, Alex E.; Levey, Douglas J.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Johnson, Douglas H.] USGS, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Latta, Steven C.] Natl Aviary, Dept Conservat & Field Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA.
[Marra, Peter P.; Sillett, T. Scott] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Merkord, Christopher L.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Ecol & Conservat Grp, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
[Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
[Rothstein, Stephen I.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Sherry, Thomas W.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
[Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Warnock, Nils] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
RP Faaborg, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM faaborgj@missouri.edu
OI Merkord, Chris/0000-0003-2825-1904
NR 171
TC 119
Z9 124
U1 8
U2 144
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 2
BP 398
EP 418
DI 10.1890/09-0397.1
PG 21
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 582YA
UT WOS:000276635600007
PM 20405795
ER
PT J
AU Lookingbill, TR
Gardner, RH
Ferrari, JR
Keller, CE
AF Lookingbill, Todd R.
Gardner, Robert H.
Ferrari, Joseph R.
Keller, Cherry E.
TI Combining a dispersal model with network theory to assess habitat
connectivity
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Delmarva fox squirrel; dispersal; graph theory; habitat connectivity;
landscape corridors; Sciurus niger cinereus; threatened species
conservation
ID EXPLICIT POPULATION-MODELS; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; GRAPH-THEORY;
UNITED-STATES; PERCEPTUAL RANGE; CONSERVATION; CORRIDORS; FRAGMENTATION;
MOVEMENT; FORESTS
AB Assessing the potential for threatened species to persist and spread within fragmented landscapes requires the identification or core areas that can sustain resident populations and dispersal corridors that can link these core areas with isolated patches of remnant habitat. We developed a set of GIS tools, simulation methods, and network analysis procedures to assess potential landscape connectivity for the Delmarva fox squirrel (DFS; Sciurus niger cinereus), an endangered species inhabiting forested areas on the Delmarva Peninsula, USA. Information on the DFS's life history and dispersal characteristics, together with data on the composition and configuration of land cover on the peninsula, were used as input data for an individual-based model to simulate dispersal patterns of millions of squirrels. Simulation results were then assessed using methods from graph theory, which quantifies habitat attributes associated with local and global connectivity. Several bottlenecks to dispersal were identified that were not apparent from simple distance-based metrics, highlighting specific locations for landscape conservation, restoration, and/or squirrel translocations. Our approach links simulation models, network analysis, and available field data in an efficient and general manner, making these methods useful and appropriate for assessing the movement dynamics of threatened species within landscapes being altered by human and natural disturbances.
C1 [Lookingbill, Todd R.; Gardner, Robert H.; Ferrari, Joseph R.] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA.
[Keller, Cherry E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
RP Lookingbill, TR (reprint author), Univ Richmond, Dept Geog & Environm, 28 Westhampton Way, Richmond, VA 23173 USA.
EM tlooking@richmond.edu
RI Lookingbill, Todd/K-8302-2012
FU University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science [FRRE40
03-JV-11242328-001]; USDA Forest Service [FRRE40 03-JV-11242328-001]
FX The research described in this article was supported by a cooperative
agreement (No. FRRE40 03-JV-11242328-001) between the University of
Maryland Center for Environmental Science and the USDA Forest Service.
We thank Glenn Therres, of the Maryland DNR, and Mary Ratnaswamy. now of
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center USGS. for their input into the
estimates used in Table I. Emily Minor and Bob Hilderbrand provided
valuable comments. discussion. and feedback on earlier drafts. The
findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 75
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U1 4
U2 58
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 2
BP 427
EP 441
DI 10.1890/09-0073.1
PG 15
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 582YA
UT WOS:000276635600009
PM 20405797
ER
PT J
AU McElhany, P
Steel, EA
Avery, K
Yoder, N
Busack, C
Thompson, B
AF McElhany, Paul
Steel, E. Ashley
Avery, Karen
Yoder, Naomi
Busack, Craig
Thompson, Brad
TI Dealing with uncertainty in ecosystem models: lessons from a complex
salmon model
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) model; ecosystem model; Pacific
Northwest, USA; salmon; sensitivity analysis; Sobol index; uncertainty
ID PACIFIC SALMON; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; FISHERIES; SCIENCE
AB Ecosystem models have been developed for assessment and management M a wide variety of environments. As model complexity increases, it becomes more difficult to trace how imperfect knowledge of internal model parameters, data inputs, or relationships among parameters might impact model results, affecting predictions and subsequent management decisions. Sensitivity analysis is an essential component of model evaluation, particularly when models are used to make management decisions. Results should be expressed as probabilities and should realistically account for uncertainty. When models are particularly complex, this can be difficult to do and to present in ways that do not obfuscate essential results. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) model, which predicts salmon productivity and capacity as a function of ecosystem conditions. We used a novel "structured sensitivity analysis" approach that is particularly useful for very complex models or those with an abundance of interconnected parameters. We identified small, medium, and large plausible ranges for both input data and model parameters. Using a Monte Carlo approach, we explored the variation in output. prediction intervals, and sensitivity indices, given these plausible input distributions. The analyses indicated that, as a consequence of internal parameter uncertainty, EDT productivity and capacity predictions lack the precision needed for many management applications. However, EDT prioritization of reaches for preservation or restoration was more robust to given input uncertainties, indicating that EDT may be more useful as a relative measure of fish performance than as an absolute measure. Like all large models, if EDT output is to be used as input to other models or management tools it is important to explicitly incorporate the uncertainty and sensitivity analyses into such secondary analyses. Sensitivity analyses should become standard operating procedure for evaluation of ecosystem models.
C1 [McElhany, Paul; Steel, E. Ashley; Avery, Karen; Yoder, Naomi] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Busack, Craig] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[Thompson, Brad] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA.
RP McElhany, P (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM paul.mcelhany@noaa.gov
NR 44
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U1 2
U2 18
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 2
BP 465
EP 482
DI 10.1890/08-0625.1
PG 18
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 582YA
UT WOS:000276635600012
PM 20405800
ER
PT J
AU Sakaris, PC
Irwin, ER
AF Sakaris, Peter C.
Irwin, Elise R.
TI Tuning stochastic matrix models with hydrologic data to predict the
population dynamics of a riverine fish
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Coosa River, Alabama, USA; dams; fishes; flathead catfish; hydrology;
lotic; matrix model; Ocmulgee River, Georgia, USA; population dynamics;
Pylodictis olivaris; riverine; river regulation
ID INTRODUCED FLATHEAD CATFISH; ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; CHANNEL CATFISH;
CLASS STRENGTH; ALABAMA; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; RECRUITMENT; MORTALITY;
FLORIDA
AB We developed stochastic matrix models to evaluate the effects of hydrologic alteration and variable mortality on the population dynamics of a lotic fish in a regulated river system. Models were applied to a representative lotic fish species, the flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris), for which two populations were examined: a native population from a regulated reach of the Coosa River (Alabama. USA) and an introduced population from an unregulated section of the Ocmulgee River (Georgia, USA). Size-classified matrix models were constructed for both populations. and residuals from catch-curve regressions were used as indices of year class strength (i.e.. recruitment). A multiple regression model indicated that recruitment of flathead catfish in the Coosa River was positively related to the frequency of spring pulses between 283 and 566 m(3)/s. For the Ocmulgee River population, multiple regression models indicated that year class strength WAS negatively related to mean March discharge and positively related to June low flow. When the Coosa population was modeled to experience five consecutive years of favorable hydrologic conditions during a 50-year projection period, it exhibited a substantial spike in size and increased at an overall 0.2% annual rate. When modeled to experience five years of unfavorable hydrologic conditions. the Coosa population initially exhibited a decrease in size but later stabilized and increased at a 0.4% annual rate following the decline. When the Ocmulgee River population was modeled to experience live years of favorable conditions, it exhibited a substantial spike in size and increased at an overall 0.4% annual rate. After the Ocmulgee population experienced five years of unfavorable conditions, a sharp decline in population size was predicted. However, the population quickly recovered, with population size increasing at a 0.3% annual rate following the decline. In general, stochastic population growth in the Ocmulgee River was more erratic and variable than population growth in the Coosa River. We encourage ecologists to develop similar models for other lode species, particularly in regulated river systems. Successful management of fish populations in regulated systems requires that we are able to predict how hydrology affects recruitment and will ultimately influence the population dynamics of fishes.
C1 [Sakaris, Peter C.] Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Irwin, Elise R.] US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Sakaris, PC (reprint author), So Polytech State Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Phys, Marietta, GA 30060 USA.
EM psakaris@spsu.edu
FU Alabama Department or Conservation and Natural Resources
FX We thank Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit personnel
for their assistance with fish collection and processing. We thank the
Georgia Department of Natural Resources for collecting flathead catfish
from the Ocmulgee River. F. S. Dobson, M. C. Freeman. and M. J. Maccina
provided critical reviews of the manuscript. This research was partly
funded by the Alabama Department or Conservation and Natural Resources.
The cooperators of the Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research
Unit arc: the U.S. Geological Survey: Alabama Agricultural Experiment
Station. Auburn University: Alabama Department of Conservation and
Natural Resources. Division or Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, the
Wildlife Management Institute: and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 48
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U2 12
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 2
BP 483
EP 496
DI 10.1890/08-0305.1
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 582YA
UT WOS:000276635600013
PM 20405801
ER
PT J
AU Falcone, JA
Carlisle, DM
Weber, LC
AF Falcone, James A.
Carlisle, Daren M.
Weber, Lisa C.
TI Quantifying human disturbance in watersheds: Variable selection and
performance of a GIS-based disturbance index for predicting the
biological condition of perennial streams
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
LA English
DT Article
DE Disturbance index; Watershed; GIS; Anthropogenic stress; Index
performance
ID IDENTIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; INTENSITY; MICHIGAN; RIVERS; WILD
AB Characterizing the relative severity of human disturbance in watersheds is often part of stream assessments and is frequently done with the aid of Geographic Information System (GIS)-derived data. However, the choice of variables and how they are used to quantify disturbance are often subjective. In this study, we developed a number of disturbance indices by testing sets of variables, scoring methods, and weightings of 33 potential disturbance factors derived from readily available GIS data. The indices were calibrated using 770 watersheds located in the western United States for which the severity of disturbance had previously been classified from detailed local data by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). The indices were calibrated by determining which variable or variable combinations and aggregation method best differentiated between least- and most-disturbed sites. Indices composed of several variables performed better than any individual variable, and best results came from a threshold method of scoring using six uncorrelated variables: housing unit density, road density, pesticide application, dam storage, land cover along a mainstem buffer, and distance to nearest canal/pipeline. The final index was validated with 192 withheld watersheds and correctly classified about two-thirds (68%) of least- and most-disturbed sites. These results provide information about the potential for using a disturbance index as a screening tool for a priori ranking of watersheds at a regional/national scale, and which landscape variables and methods of combination may be most helpful in doing so. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Falcone, James A.; Carlisle, Daren M.; Weber, Lisa C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Falcone, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, 413 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM jfalcone@usgs.gov
FU Ryan Hill and Chuck Hawkins of Utah State University
FX Grateful acknowledgment to Ryan Hill and Chuck Hawkins of Utah State
University for help in this project and providing initial data. Many
thanks also to Gary Buell (USGS) and Alan Herlihy (USEPA) for very
helpful review comments and suggestions.
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U1 4
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
J9 ECOL INDIC
JI Ecol. Indic.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 2
BP 264
EP 273
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.05.005
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 528GU
UT WOS:000272431700021
ER
PT J
AU Dolph, CL
Sheshukov, AY
Chizinski, CJ
Vondracek, B
Wilson, B
AF Dolph, Christine L.
Sheshukov, Aleksey Y.
Chizinski, Christopher J.
Vondracek, Bruce
Wilson, Bruce
TI The Index of Biological Integrity and the bootstrap: Can random sampling
error affect stream impairment decisions?
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioassessment; Multimetric; Variability; Nonparametric; Streams; Fish;
Rare
ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ESTUARINE
AB Multimetric indices, such as the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), are increasingly used by management agencies to determine whether Surface water quality is impaired. However, important questions about the variability of these indices have not been thoroughly addressed in the scientific literature. In this study, we used a bootstrap approach to quantify variability associated with fish IBIs developed for streams in two Minnesota river basins. We further placed this variability into a management context by comparing it to impairment thresholds currently used in water quality determinations for Minnesota streams. We found that 95% confidence intervals ranged as high as 40 points for IBIs scored on a 0-100 point scale. However, on average, 90% of IBI scores calculated from bootstrap replicate samples for a given stream site yielded the same impairment status as the original IBI score. We suggest that sampling variability in IBI scores is related to both the number of fish and the number of rare taxa in a held collection. A comparison of the effects of different scoring methods on IBI variability indicates that a continuous scoring method may reduce the amount of bias in IBI scores. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dolph, Christine L.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Sheshukov, Aleksey Y.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
[Chizinski, Christopher J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Wilson, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Dolph, CL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci Program, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM dolph008@umn.edu; ashesh@ksu.edu; chizi001@umn.edu; bvondrac@umn.edu;
wilson@umn.edu
RI Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011;
OI Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588
FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
FX The authors thank David Wright and the Minnesota Department of Natural
Resources for funding this research, and Scott Niemela, Joel Chirhart,
and Mike Feist and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency for providing
biomonitoring data, IBI scoring criteria, and assistance in developing
and carrying out project objectives. We also thank Leska Fore, Scott
Niemela, and two anonymous reviewers for highly constructive reviews of
this manuscript. The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or
products or software or models, whether commercially available or not,
is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement
by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 37
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U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
J9 ECOL INDIC
JI Ecol. Indic.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 2
BP 527
EP 537
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.10.001
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 528GU
UT WOS:000272431700047
ER
PT J
AU Lafferty, KD
AF Lafferty, Kevin D.
TI The ecology of climate change and infectious diseases: reply
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM Lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu
RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009
OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593
NR 6
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U1 1
U2 29
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 3
BP 928
EP 929
DI 10.1890/09-1656.1
PG 2
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 582XZ
UT WOS:000276635500031
ER
PT J
AU Merten, EC
Hemstad, NA
Eggert, SL
Johnson, LB
Kolka, RK
Newman, RM
Vondracek, B
AF Merten, E. C.
Hemstad, N. A.
Eggert, S. L.
Johnson, L. B.
Kolka, R. K.
Newman, R. M.
Vondracek, B.
TI Relations between fish abundances, summer temperatures, and forest
harvest in a northern Minnesota stream system from 1997 to 2007
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Article
DE Forest harvest; temperature; stream warming; basin scale
ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAMS; MUDMINNOW UMBRA-LIMI; HEADWATER STREAMS;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; WOODY DEBRIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DECIDUOUS FOREST;
ORGANIC-MATTER; PRAIRIE STREAM; HABITAT
AB Short-term effects of forest harvest on fish habitat have been well documented, including sediment inputs, leaf litter reductions, and stream warming. However, few studies have considered changes in local climate when examining postlogging changes in fish communities. To address this need, we examined fish abundances between 1997 and 2007 in a basin in a northern hardwood forest. Streams in the basin were subjected to experimental riparian forest harvest in fall 1997. We noted a significant decrease for fish index of biotic integrity and abundance of Salvelinus fontinalis and Phoxinus eos over the study period. However, for P. eos and Culaea inconstans, the temporal patterns in abundances were related more to summer air temperatures than to fine sediment or spring precipitation when examined using multiple regressions. Univariate regressions suggested that summer air temperatures influenced temporal patterns in fish communities more than fine sediment or spring precipitation.
C1 [Merten, E. C.; Newman, R. M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Merten, E. C.] Univ Minnesota, Water Resources Sci Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Hemstad, N. A.] Inver Hills Community Coll, Dept Biol, Inver Grove Hts, MN USA.
[Eggert, S. L.; Kolka, R. K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA.
[Johnson, L. B.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA.
[Vondracek, B.] Univ Minnesota, USGS, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Merten, EC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM mert0042@umn.edu
FU Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Section of Fisheries;
Minnesota Forest Resources Council; National Council for Air and Stream
Improvement; U.S. Forest Service, Minnesota Trout Unlimited; Minnesota
Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund
FX This work was funded by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Section of Fisheries, the Minnesota Forest Resources Council, the
National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, the U.S. Forest
Service, Minnesota Trout Unlimited, and the Minnesota Environment and
Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative Citizen
Commission on Minnesota Resources. Charlie Blinn and Brian Palik
selected the study sites and supervised the manipulations. John Hansen
and Jim Marshall of UPM-Kymenne Corporation Blandin provided access to
the study sites. Forest harvest was completed by Rieger Logging. Field
assistance was provided by Andy Arola, Brenda Asmus, Jason Bronk,
Rebecca Bronk, Ryan Carlson, Bill Coates, Jacquelyn Conner, MaryKay Fox,
Jo Fritz, Sarah Harnden, Marty Melchior, Steffen Merten, Mateya Miltich,
Brittany Mitchell, Erik Mundahl, Elliot Nitzkowski, Ian Phelps, Lisa
Pugh, Jeff Rice, David Schroeder, Jeremy Steil, Kevin Stroom, Dustin
Wilman, and Jason Zwonitzer. The Statistical Consulting Service at the
University of Minnesota provided R code for analysis. Comments from
Jacques Finlay, Heinz Stefan, and four anonymous reviewers improved the
quality of the manuscript.
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U1 0
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0906-6691
EI 1600-0633
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 1
BP 63
EP 73
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00389.x
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 558AT
UT WOS:000274713100007
ER
PT J
AU Howell, PJ
Dunham, JB
Sankovich, PM
AF Howell, P. J.
Dunham, J. B.
Sankovich, P. M.
TI Relationships between water temperatures and upstream migration, cold
water refuge use, and spawning of adult bull trout from the Lostine
River, Oregon, USA
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Article
DE Bull trout; Temperature; Thermal refuges; Water quality
ID SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; HABITAT USE; STREAMS;
CHARR; MONTANA; FISHES; SYSTEM; GROWTH; IDAHO
AB Understanding thermal habitat use by migratory fish has been limited by difficulties in matching fish locations with water temperatures. To describe spatial and temporal patterns of thermal habitat use by migratory adult bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus, that spawn in the Lostine River, Oregon, we employed a combination of archival temperature tags, radio tags, and thermographs. We also compared temperatures of the tagged fish to ambient water temperatures to determine if the fish were using thermal refuges. The timing and temperatures at which fish moved upstream from overwintering areas to spawning locations varied considerably among individuals. The annual maximum 7-day average daily maximum (7DADM) temperatures of tagged fish were 16-18 degrees C and potentially as high as 21 degrees C. Maximum 7DADM ambient water temperatures within the range of tagged fish during summer were 18-25 degrees C. However, there was no evidence of the tagged fish using localized cold water refuges. Tagged fish appeared to spawn at 7DADM temperatures of 7-14 degrees C. Maximum 7DADM temperatures of tagged fish and ambient temperatures at the onset of the spawning period in late August were 11-18 degrees C. Water temperatures in most of the upper Lostine River used for spawning and rearing appear to be largely natural since there has been little development, whereas downstream reaches used by migratory bull trout are heavily diverted for irrigation. Although the population effects of these temperatures are unknown, summer temperatures and the higher temperatures observed for spawning fish appear to be at or above the upper range of suitability reported for the species.
C1 [Howell, P. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
[Dunham, J. B.] Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA.
[Sankovich, P. M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, La Grande Field Off, La Grande, OR USA.
RP Howell, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
EM phowell@fs.fed.us
FU Bonneville Power Administration; USFS
FX Support for this research was provided by the Bonneville Power
Administration and the USFS. John Brunzell, Ian Tattam, Ari Martinez,
Ian Wilson, Tim Caswell, and Steve Jacobs (ODFW) assisted with tagging
and collection of field data. Gretchen Sausen (USFWS) secured initial
funding and assisted with telemetry. Fisheries staff of the Nez Perce
tribe provided use of their trapping facilities and trapping data.
Gwynne Chandler (USFS) completed initial data summaries. Tim Whitesel
(USFWS), Bill Knox (ODFW), Shelley Spalding (USFWS), and Sally Sauter
(USGS) provided helpful comments on previous drafts. Use of trade or
firm names in this paper are for reader information only and does not
represent endorsement of any product or service by the US Government.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0906-6691
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 1
BP 96
EP 106
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00393.x
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 558AT
UT WOS:000274713100010
ER
PT J
AU Mavrogenes, J
Henley, RW
Reyes, AG
Berger, B
AF Mavrogenes, John
Henley, Richard W.
Reyes, Agnes G.
Berger, Byron
TI SULFOSALT MELTS: EVIDENCE OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE VAPOR TRANSPORT OF METALS
IN THE FORMATION OF HIGH-SULFIDATION LODE GOLD DEPOSITS
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; SYSTEM; EVOLUTION
AB In enargite-gold (high-sulfidation) vein deposits, magmatic fluid is considered responsible for the transport of metals and sulfur into the depositional regime. New data from Field-Emission SEM analyses of sulfosalt mineral assemblages (primarily enargite and tennantite) from El Indio, Chile, and Summitville, Colorado, provide direct evidence of high-temperature deposition, including the following: (1) the preservation of delicate euhedral quartz assemblages in sulfosalts, (2) a range of discrete Sb-rich sulfosalt, quartz, feldspar, and flourapatite vug-filling minerals, and (3) symplectic sulfosalt-chalcopyrite textures that are arguably quenched melts. Together, these features indicate formation from the vapor phase at high temperatures. Furthermore, euhedral quartz crystals from El Indio contain high-temperature, vapor-rich fluid inclusions. Combined, these observations are interpreted as suggestive of deposition in response to vapor-phase decompression within fracture arrays that may be considered the analogues of the feeder fractures beneath large low-grade silver-gold deposits such as Yanacocha, Peru.
C1 [Mavrogenes, John; Henley, Richard W.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Reyes, Agnes G.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
[Berger, Byron] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Mavrogenes, J (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
EM john.mavrogenes@anu.edu.au
NR 15
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U1 2
U2 16
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 2
BP 257
EP 262
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 592UW
UT WOS:000277407200001
ER
PT J
AU Spangler, LH
Dobeck, LM
Repasky, KS
Nehrir, AR
Humphries, SD
Barr, JL
Keith, CJ
Shaw, JA
Rouse, JH
Cunningham, AB
Benson, SM
Oldenburg, CM
Lewicki, JL
Wells, AW
Diehl, JR
Strazisar, BR
Fessenden, JE
Rahn, TA
Amonette, JE
Barr, JL
Pickles, WL
Jacobson, JD
Silver, EA
Male, EJ
Rauch, HW
Gullickson, KS
Trautz, R
Kharaka, Y
Birkholzer, J
Wielopolski, L
AF Spangler, Lee H.
Dobeck, Laura M.
Repasky, Kevin S.
Nehrir, Amin R.
Humphries, Seth D.
Barr, Jamie L.
Keith, Charlie J.
Shaw, Joseph A.
Rouse, Joshua H.
Cunningham, Alfred B.
Benson, Sally M.
Oldenburg, Curtis M.
Lewicki, Jennifer L.
Wells, Arthur W.
Diehl, J. Rodney
Strazisar, Brian R.
Fessenden, Julianna E.
Rahn, Thom A.
Amonette, James E.
Barr, Jon L.
Pickles, William L.
Jacobson, James D.
Silver, Eli A.
Male, Erin J.
Rauch, Henry W.
Gullickson, Kadie S.
Trautz, Robert
Kharaka, Yousif
Birkholzer, Jens
Wielopolski, Lucien
TI A shallow subsurface controlled release facility in Bozeman, Montana,
USA, for testing near surface CO2 detection techniques and transport
models
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Geological carbon sequestration; Controlled release of carbon dioxide;
Transport models; Near surface monitoring; Eddy covariance;
Hyperspectral imaging
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; VADOSE ZONE; SOIL;
ATMOSPHERE; CALIFORNIA; EXCHANGE
AB A controlled field pilot has been developed in Bozeman, Montana, USA, to study near surface CO2 transport and detection technologies. A slotted horizontal well divided into six zones was installed in the shallow subsurface. The scale and CO2 release rates were chosen to be relevant to developing monitoring strategies for geological carbon storage. The field site was characterized before injection, and CO2 transport and concentrations in saturated soil and the vadose zone were modeled. Controlled releases of CO2 from the horizontal well were performed in the summers of 2007 and 2008, and collaborators from six national labs, three universities, and the U. S. Geological Survey investigated movement of CO2 through the soil, water, plants, and air with a wide range of near surface detection techniques. An overview of these results will be presented.
C1 [Spangler, Lee H.; Dobeck, Laura M.; Gullickson, Kadie S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Repasky, Kevin S.; Nehrir, Amin R.; Humphries, Seth D.; Barr, Jamie L.; Keith, Charlie J.; Shaw, Joseph A.; Rouse, Joshua H.] Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Cunningham, Alfred B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Benson, Sally M.] Stanford Univ, Global Climate & Energy Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Lewicki, Jennifer L.; Birkholzer, Jens] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Wells, Arthur W.; Diehl, J. Rodney; Strazisar, Brian R.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Div Environm Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
[Fessenden, Julianna E.; Rahn, Thom A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Amonette, James E.; Barr, Jon L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Pickles, William L.; Jacobson, James D.; Silver, Eli A.; Male, Erin J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Rauch, Henry W.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Trautz, Robert] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Kharaka, Yousif] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Wielopolski, Lucien] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Spangler, LH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM spangler@montana.edu
RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; Oldenburg,
Curtis/L-6219-2013;
OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Oldenburg,
Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Rahn, Thomas/0000-0001-8634-1348
FU Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration,
Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, and National Energy Technology
Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC26-04NT42262]
FX We would like to thank Ray Solbau, Paul Cook and Alex Morales (LBNL) for
the design and valuable technical support of the flow control system and
Liz Burton and Frank Gouveia (LLNL) for assistance with soil
CO2 concentration instrumentation. This work was carried out
within the ZERT project, funded by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil
Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, and
National Energy Technology Laboratory. This paper was prepared with the
support of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Award No.
DE-FC26-04NT42262. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions, or
recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the DOE.
NR 28
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U1 1
U2 29
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI
JI Environ. Earth Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 2
BP 227
EP 239
DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0400-2
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 582YI
UT WOS:000276637000002
ER
PT J
AU Kharaka, YK
Thordsen, JJ
Kakouros, E
Ambats, G
Herkelrath, WN
Beers, SR
Birkholzer, JT
Apps, JA
Spycher, NF
Zheng, LE
Trautz, RC
Rauch, HW
Gullickson, KS
AF Kharaka, Yousif K.
Thordsen, James J.
Kakouros, Evangelos
Ambats, Gil
Herkelrath, William N.
Beers, Sarah R.
Birkholzer, Jens T.
Apps, John A.
Spycher, Nicholas F.
Zheng, Liange
Trautz, Robert C.
Rauch, Henry W.
Gullickson, Kadie S.
TI Changes in the chemistry of shallow groundwater related to the 2008
injection of CO2 at the ZERT field site, Bozeman, Montana
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Geological carbon sequestration; Groundwater monitoring; Groundwater
chemistry; Trace metals; Dissolved organics
ID WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE;
SEDIMENTARY BASINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; STORAGE; USA;
SIMULATION; TRANSPORT
AB Approximately 300 kg/day of food-grade CO2 was injected through a perforated pipe placed horizontally 2-2.3 m deep during July 9-August 7, 2008 at the MSU-ZERT field test to evaluate atmospheric and near-surface monitoring and detection techniques applicable to the subsurface storage and potential leakage of CO2. As part of this multidisciplinary research project, 80 samples of water were collected from 10 shallow monitoring wells (1.5 or 3.0 m deep) installed 1-6 m from the injection pipe, at the southwestern end of the slotted section (zone VI), and from two distant monitoring wells. The samples were collected before, during, and following CO2 injection. The main objective of study was to investigate changes in the concentrations of major, minor, and trace inorganic and organic compounds during and following CO2 injection. The ultimate goals were (1) to better understand the potential of groundwater quality impacts related to CO2 leakage from deep storage operations, (2) to develop geochemical tools that could provide early detection of CO2 intrusion into underground sources of drinking water (USDW), and (3) to test the predictive capabilities of geochemical codes against field data. Field determinations showed rapid and systematic changes in pH (7.0-5.6), alkalinity (400-1,330 mg/l as HCO3), and electrical conductance (600-1,800 mu S/cm) following CO2 injection in samples collected from the 1.5 m-deep wells. Laboratory results show major increases in the concentrations of Ca (90-240 mg/l), Mg (25-70 mg/l), Fe (5-1,200 ppb), and Mn (5-1,400 ppb) following CO2 injection. These chemical changes could provide early detection of CO2 leakage into shallow groundwater from deep storage operations. Dissolution of observed carbonate minerals and desorptionion exchange resulting from lowered pH values following CO2 injection are the likely geochemical processes responsible for the observed increases in the concentrations of solutes; concentrations generally decreased temporarily following four significant precipitation events. The DOC values obtained are 5 +/- 2 mg/l, and the variations do not correlate with CO2 injection. CO2 injection, however, is responsible for detection of BTEX (e.g. benzene, 00.8 ppb), mobilization of metals, the lowered pH values, and increases in the concentrations of other solutes in groundwater. The trace metal and BTEX concentrations are all significantly below the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Sequential leaching of core samples is being carried out to investigate the source of metals and other solutes.
C1 [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Thordsen, James J.; Kakouros, Evangelos; Ambats, Gil; Herkelrath, William N.; Beers, Sarah R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Birkholzer, Jens T.; Apps, John A.; Spycher, Nicholas F.; Zheng, Liange] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Trautz, Robert C.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Rauch, Henry W.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Gullickson, Kadie S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM ykharaka@usgs.gov
RI Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Zheng,
Liange/E-9521-2010; zheng, liange/B-9748-2011
OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; zheng, liange/0000-0002-9376-2535
FU Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI; EPA; DOE; LBNL; USGS
FX This research was conducted within the ZERT project directed by Lee
Spangler and managed by Laura Dobeck, MSU, Bozeman, MT.
http://www.montana.edu/zert. We thank the entire ZERT team and
participating organizations for creating a supportive and exciting
research environment. This research was funded primarily by the Electric
Power Research Institute, EPRI, but funds were also obtained from EPA,
DOE, LBNL, and USGS.
NR 33
TC 135
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U1 4
U2 42
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI
JI Environ. Earth Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 2
BP 273
EP 284
DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0401-1
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 582YI
UT WOS:000276637000006
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, SQ
Liu, SG
Yin, RS
Li, ZP
Deng, YL
Tan, K
Deng, XZ
Rothstein, D
Qi, JG
AF Zhao, Shuqing
Liu, Shuguang
Yin, Runsheng
Li, Zhengpeng
Deng, Yulin
Tan, Kun
Deng, Xiangzheng
Rothstein, David
Qi, Jiaguo
TI Quantifying Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics in the Jinsha
Watershed, Upper Yangtze, China from 1975 to 2000
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS); Carbon flux;
Carbon stock; Climate change; Land use and land cover change (LUCC);
Jinsha watershed
ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LAND-USE; FOREST BIOMASS; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
PROCESS MODEL; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY; STORAGE; CYCLE; DEFORESTATION
AB Quantifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems and carbon fluxes between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is critical to our understanding of regional patterns of carbon budgets. Here we use the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System to simulate the terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics in the Jinsha watershed of China's upper Yangtze basin from 1975 to 2000, based on unique combinations of spatial and temporal dynamics of major driving forces, such as climate, soil properties, nitrogen deposition, and land use and land cover changes. Our analysis demonstrates that the Jinsha watershed ecosystems acted as a carbon sink during the period of 1975-2000, with an average rate of 0.36 Mg/ha/yr, primarily resulting from regional climate variation and local land use and land cover change. Vegetation biomass accumulation accounted for 90.6% of the sink, while soil organic carbon loss before 1992 led to a lower net gain of carbon in the watershed, and after that soils became a small sink. Ecosystem carbon sink/source patterns showed a high degree of spatial heterogeneity. Carbon sinks were associated with forest areas without disturbances, whereas carbon sources were primarily caused by stand-replacing disturbances. It is critical to adequately represent the detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use activities in regional biogeochemical models to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of regional carbon sink/source patterns.
C1 [Zhao, Shuqing; Yin, Runsheng; Rothstein, David] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Zhao, Shuqing; Li, Zhengpeng] EROS Ctr, USGS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Zhao, Shuqing; Tan, Kun] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Deng, Yulin] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry & Hort, Yaan 625014, Peoples R China.
[Deng, Xiangzheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
[Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Zhao, SQ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM szhao@usgs.gov
OI Rothstein, David E/0000-0002-8426-9933
FU US National Science Foundation [0507948]; U.S. Geological survey's
Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM); Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD);
Peking University; Sichuan Agricultural University
FX This study was funded by the US National Science Foundation (project #
0507948), and U.S. Geological survey's Geographic Analysis and
Monitoring (GAM) and the Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD) programs. S. Zhao
acknowledges the support of the outstanding young Fellow program of
Peking University. Logistical support from Sichuan Agricultural
University is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 42
TC 8
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U1 1
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 3
BP 466
EP 475
DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9285-9
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571XN
UT WOS:000275789700005
PM 19296154
ER
PT J
AU Monz, CA
Cole, DN
Leung, YF
Marion, JL
AF Monz, Christopher A.
Cole, David N.
Leung, Yu-Fai
Marion, Jeffrey L.
TI Sustaining Visitor Use in Protected Areas: Future Opportunities in
Recreation Ecology Research Based on the USA Experience
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Recreation ecology; Outdoor recreation; Recreation impacts; Tourism
impacts
ID NATIONAL-PARK; WILDERNESS CAMPSITES; VEGETATION; IMPACTS; TRAIL; SOIL;
ROAD; DISTURBANCE; MONTANA; BACKCOUNTRY
AB Recreation ecology, the study of environmental consequences of outdoor recreation activities and their effective management, is a relatively new field of scientific study having emerged over the last 50 years. During this time, numerous studies have improved our understanding of how use-related, environmental and managerial factors affect ecological conditions and processes. Most studies have focused on vegetation and soil responses to recreation-related trampling on trails and recreation sites using indicators such as percent vegetation cover and exposed mineral soil. This applied approach has and will continue to yield important information for land managers. However, for the field to advance, more attention needs to be given to other ecosystem attributes and to the larger aspects of environmental conservation occurring at landscape scales. This article is an effort at initiating a dialog on needed advances in the field. We begin by reviewing broadly generalizable knowledge of recreation ecology, to separate what is known from research gaps. Then, based on the authors' perspective of research in the USA and North America, several research directions are suggested as essential for continued progress in this field including theoretical development, broadening scale, integration with other disciplines, and examination of synergistic effects.
C1 [Monz, Christopher A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Cole, David N.] Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
[Leung, Yu-Fai] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Marion, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Tech Field Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Monz, CA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Environm & Soc, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM chris.monz@usu.edu
FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station
FX The authors thank our many colleagues who contributed to the discourse
on advancing our field, particularly those who contributed to the
several conference sessions we organized on this topic. The lead author
thanks the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station for providing funding to
support this work.
NR 115
TC 61
Z9 64
U1 3
U2 82
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 3
BP 551
EP 562
DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9406-5
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571XN
UT WOS:000275789700012
PM 20091043
ER
PT J
AU Prato, T
Zeyuan, Q
Pederson, G
Fagre, D
Bengtson, LE
Williams, JR
AF Prato, Tony
Zeyuan, Qiu
Pederson, Gregory
Fagre, Dan
Bengtson, Lindsey E.
Williams, Jimmy R.
TI Potential Economic Benefits of Adapting Agricultural Production Systems
to Future Climate Change
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Economic benefits; Adaptation; Agricultural production systems; Future
climate change
ID UNITED-STATES; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; IMPACTS; RANGE; ADAPTATION;
EMISSIONS; MODEL
AB Potential economic impacts of future climate change on crop enterprise net returns and annual net farm income (NFI) are evaluated for small and large representative farms in Flathead Valley in Northwest Montana. Crop enterprise net returns and NFI in an historical climate period (1960-2005) and future climate period (2006-2050) are compared when agricultural production systems (APSs) are adapted to future climate change. Climate conditions in the future climate period are based on the A1B, B1, and A2 CO(2) emission scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Steps in the evaluation include: (1) specifying crop enterprises and APSs (i.e., combinations of crop enterprises) in consultation with locals producers; (2) simulating crop yields for two soils, crop prices, crop enterprises costs, and NFIs for APSs; (3) determining the dominant APS in the historical and future climate periods in terms of NFI; and (4) determining whether NFI for the dominant APS in the historical climate period is superior to NFI for the dominant APS in the future climate period. Crop yields are simulated using the Environmental/Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model and dominance comparisons for NFI are based on the stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) criterion. Probability distributions that best fit the EPIC-simulated crop yields are used to simulate 100 values for crop yields for the two soils in the historical and future climate periods. Best-fitting probability distributions for historical inflation-adjusted crop prices and specified triangular probability distributions for crop enterprise costs are used to simulate 100 values for crop prices and crop enterprise costs. Averaged over all crop enterprises, farm sizes, and soil types, simulated net return per ha averaged over all crop enterprises decreased 24% and simulated mean NFI for APSs decreased 57% between the historical and future climate periods. Although adapting APSs to future climate change is advantageous (i.e., NFI with adaptation is superior to NFI without adaptation based on SERF), in six of the nine cases in which adaptation is advantageous, NFI with adaptation in the future climate period is inferior to NFI in the historical climate period. Therefore, adaptation of APSs to future climate change in Flathead Valley is insufficient to offset the adverse impacts on NFI of such change.
C1 [Prato, Tony] Univ Missouri, Ctr Appl Res & Environm Syst, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Zeyuan, Qiu] New Jersey Inst Technol Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ USA.
[Pederson, Gregory] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
[Pederson, Gregory] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Fagre, Dan; Bengtson, Lindsey E.] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT USA.
[Williams, Jimmy R.] Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA.
RP Prato, T (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Ctr Appl Res & Environm Syst, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM pratoa@missouri.edu; zeyuan.qiu@njit.edu; gtpeders@email.arizona.edu;
dan_fagre@usgs.gov; lbengtson@usgs.gov; jwilliams@brc.tamus.edu
FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research,
Education and Extension Service [2006-55101-17129]; Office of Science,
U.S. Department of Energy
FX The research reported here was supported in part by the National
Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education
and Extension Service, grant number 2006-55101-17129. We acknowledge the
Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the
WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in
making available the WCRP CMIP3 dataset. Support of this dataset is
provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 48
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 3
BP 577
EP 589
DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9427-0
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571XN
UT WOS:000275789700014
PM 20108137
ER
PT J
AU Munn, M
Frey, J
Tesoriero, A
AF Munn, Mark
Frey, Jeffrey
Tesoriero, Anthony
TI The Influence of Nutrients and Physical Habitat in Regulating Algal
Biomass in Agricultural Streams
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Nutrient criteria; Phosphorous; Nitrogen; Algal biomass; Agriculture;
Habitat
ID PERIPHYTON BIOMASS; TEMPERATE STREAMS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; PHOSPHORUS;
EUTROPHICATION; DISTURBANCE; COMMUNITY; FLOOD; INVERTEBRATES;
MACROPHYTES
AB This study examined the relative influence of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and habitat on algal biomass in five agricultural regions of the United States. Sites were selected to capture a range of nutrient conditions, with 136 sites distributed over five study areas. Samples were collected in either 2003 or 2004, and analyzed for nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) and algal biomass (chlorophyll a). Chlorophyll a was measured in three types of samples, fine-grained benthic material (CHL(FG)), coarse-grained stable substrate as in rock or wood (CHL(CG)), and water column (CHL(S)). Stream and riparian habitat were characterized at each site. TP ranged from 0.004-2.69 mg/l and TN from 0.15-21.5 mg/l, with TN concentrations highest in Nebraska and Indiana streams and TP highest in Nebraska. Benthic algal biomass ranged from 0.47-615 mg/m(2), with higher values generally associated with coarse-grained substrate. Seston chlorophyll ranged from 0.2-73.1 mu g/l, with highest concentrations in Nebraska. Regression models were developed to predict algal biomass as a function of TP and/or TN. Seven models were statistically significant, six for TP and one for TN; r (2) values ranged from 0.03 to 0.44. No significant regression models could be developed for the two study areas in the Midwest. Model performance increased when stream habitat variables were incorporated, with 12 significant models and an increase in the r (2) values (0.16-0.54). Water temperature and percent riparian canopy cover were the most important physical variables in the models. While models that predict algal chlorophyll a as a function of nutrients can be useful, model strength is commonly low due to the overriding influence of stream habitat. Results from our study are presented in context of a nutrient-algal biomass conceptual model.
C1 [Munn, Mark] US Geol Survey, Water Resource Div, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
[Frey, Jeffrey] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN USA.
[Tesoriero, Anthony] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA.
RP Munn, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resource Div, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
EM mdmunn@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This study could not have been done without the data collection efforts
of Robert Black, Daniel Calhoun, Brian Caskey, Jill Frankforter, Brian
Gregory, Patrick Moran, and Holly Weyers. The authors would like to also
thank Jerad Bales and Barbara Scudder for technical review, along with
journal reviewers. This study was funded as part of the U.S. Geological
Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program, Nutrient Effects on
Stream Ecosystems (http://www.wa.water.usgs.gov/neet/).
NR 58
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U1 3
U2 32
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 3
BP 603
EP 615
DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9435-0
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571XN
UT WOS:000275789700016
PM 20143065
ER
PT J
AU Tracy, CR
Streten-Joyce, C
Dalton, R
Nussear, KE
Gibb, KS
Christian, KA
AF Tracy, Christopher R.
Streten-Joyce, Claire
Dalton, Robert
Nussear, Kenneth E.
Gibb, Karen S.
Christian, Keith A.
TI Microclimate and limits to photosynthesis in a diverse community of
hypolithic cyanobacteria in northern Australia
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ENDOLITHIC CYANOBACTERIA;
ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; COLORADO PLATEAU; ATACAMA DESERT; LIQUID WATER;
SOIL CRUSTS; CHINA HOT; SEQUENCE
AB P>Hypolithic microbes, primarily cyanobacteria, inhabit the highly specialized microhabitats under translucent rocks in extreme environments. Here we report findings from hypolithic cyanobacteria found under three types of translucent rocks (quartz, prehnite, agate) in a semiarid region of tropical Australia. We investigated the photosynthetic responses of the cyanobacterial communities to light, temperature and moisture in the laboratory, and we measured the microclimatic variables of temperature and soil moisture under rocks in the field over an annual cycle. We also used molecular techniques to explore the diversity of hypolithic cyanobacteria in this community and their phylogenetic relationships within the context of hypolithic cyanobacteria from other continents. Based on the laboratory experiments, photosynthetic activity required a minimum soil moisture of 15% (by mass). Peak photosynthetic activity occurred between approximately 8 degrees C and 42 degrees C, though some photosynthesis occurred between -1 degrees C and 51 degrees C. Maximum photosynthesis rates also occurred at light levels of approximately 150-550 mu mol m-2 s-1. We used the field microclimatic data in conjunction with these measurements of photosynthetic efficiency to estimate the amount of time the hypolithic cyanobacteria could be photosynthetically active in the field. Based on these data, we estimated that conditions were appropriate for photosynthetic activity for approximately 942 h (similar to 75 days) during the year. The hypolithic cyanobacteria community under quartz, prehnite and agate rocks was quite diverse both within and between rock types. We identified 115 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with each rock hosting 8-24 OTUs. A third of the cyanobacteria OTUs from northern Australia grouped with Chroococcidiopsis, a genus that has been identified from hypolithic and endolithic communities from the Gobi, Mojave, Atacama and Antarctic deserts. Several OTUs identified from northern Australia have not been reported to be associated with hypolithic communities previously.
C1 [Tracy, Christopher R.; Streten-Joyce, Claire; Dalton, Robert; Gibb, Karen S.; Christian, Keith A.] Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.
[Nussear, Kenneth E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
RP Tracy, CR (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.
EM chris.tracy@cdu.edu.au
RI Tracy, Christopher/E-5619-2011; Streten, Claire/J-5268-2012
OI Streten, Claire/0000-0003-2803-1995
FU Charles Darwin University; Australian Research Council [A00001380, DP
0559093]
FX Thanks to L. Hutley (photosynthesis physiology and helpful comments on
an earlier version of the manuscript), J. Christian (rock collection),
S. Reynolds (rock collection, datalogger replacement), S. Smith (rock
temperatures), S. Schmidt (for use of the MINI PAM), M. Ripcke (German
translation), B. Budel (German translation and helpful comments on
earlier drafts), and the Top Springs Hotel staff (accommodation in the
field). This project was partially funded by Charles Darwin University,
and the Australian Research Council (ARC A00001380 and DP 0559093 to KAC
and CRT). Any use of trade names or specific products is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 55
TC 20
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U1 1
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1462-2912
J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL
JI Environ. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 12
IS 3
BP 592
EP 607
DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02098.x
PG 16
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 560YR
UT WOS:000274942300004
PM 19919538
ER
PT J
AU Thapalia, A
Borrok, DM
Van Metre, PC
Musgrove, M
Landa, ER
AF Thapalia, Anita
Borrok, David M.
Van Metre, Peter C.
Musgrove, Marylynn
Landa, Edward R.
TI Zn and Cu Isotopes as Tracers of Anthropogenic Contamination in a
Sediment Core from an Urban Lake
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ZINC ISOTOPES; UNITED-STATES; COPPER; PB;
ENVIRONMENT; TRENDS; LEAD; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION
AB In this work, we use stable Zn and Cu isotopes to identify the sources and timing of the deposition of these metals in a sediment core from Lake Ballinger near Seattle, Washington, USA. The base of the Lake Ballinger core predates settlement in the region, while the upper sections record the effects of atmospheric emissions from a nearby smelter and rapid urbanization of the watershed. delta(66)Zn and delta(65)Cu varied by 0.50 parts per thousand and 0.29 parts per thousand, respectively, over the 500 year core record. Isotopic changes were correlated with the presmelter period (similar to 1450 to 1900 with delta(66)Zn = +0.39 parts per thousand +/- 0.09 parts per thousand and delta(65)Cu = +0.77 parts per thousand +/- 0.06 parts per thousand), period of smelter operation (1900 to 1985 with delta(66)Zn = +014 +/- 0.06 parts per thousand and delta(65)Cu = +0.94 +/- 0.10 parts per thousand), and postsmelting/stable urban land use period (post 1985 with delta(66)Zn = 0.00 +/- 0.10 and delta(65)Cu = +0.82 parts per thousand +/- 0.12 parts per thousand). Rapid early urbanization during the post World War 11 era increased metal loading to the lake but did not significantly alter the delta(66)Zn and delta(65)Cu, suggesting that increased metal loads during this time were derived mainly from mobilization of historically contaminated soils. Urban sources of Cu and Zn were dominant since the smelter closed in the 1980s, and the delta(66)Zn measured in tire samples suggests tire wear is a likely source of Zn.
C1 [Thapalia, Anita; Borrok, David M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
[Van Metre, Peter C.; Musgrove, Marylynn] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA.
[Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Borrok, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
EM dborrok@utep.edu
OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864; Van Metre,
Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814
NR 38
TC 35
Z9 39
U1 8
U2 30
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 5
BP 1544
EP 1550
DI 10.1021/es902933y
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 559QT
UT WOS:000274842000008
PM 20143818
ER
PT J
AU Sunderland, EM
Dalziel, J
Heyes, A
Branfireun, BA
Krabbenhoft, DP
Gobas, FAPC
AF Sunderland, Elsie M.
Dalziel, John
Heyes, Andrew
Branfireun, Brian A.
Krabbenhoft, David P.
Gobas, Frank A. P. C.
TI Response of a Macrotidal Estuary to Changes in Anthropogenic Mercury
Loading between 1850 and 2000
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; MARITIME CANADA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEDIMENTS;
METHYLMERCURY; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM; COASTAL; FISH; SPECIATION
AB Methylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation in marine food webs poses risks to fish-consuming populations and wildlife. Here we develop and test an estuarine mercury cycling model for a coastal embayment of the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Mass budget calculations reveal that MeHg fluxes into sediments from settling solids exceed losses from sediment-to-water diffusion and resuspension. Although measured methylation rates in benthic sediments are high, rapid demethylation results in negligible net in situ production of MeHg. These results suggest that inflowing fluvial and tidal waters, rather than coastal sediments, are the dominant MeHg sources for pelagic marine food webs in this region. Model simulations show water column MeHg concentrations peaked in the 1960s and declined by almost 40% by the year 2000. Water column MeHg concentrations respond rapidly to changes in mercury inputs, reaching 95% of steady state in approximately 2 months. Thus, MeHg concentrations in pelagic organisms can be expected to respond rapidly to mercury loading reductions achieved through regulatory controls. In contrast MeHg concentrations in sediments have steadily increased since the onset of industrialization despite recent decreases in total mercury loading. Benthic food web MeHg concentrations are likely to continue to increase over the next several decades at present-day mercury emissions levels because the deep active sediment layer in this system contains a large amount of legacy mercury and requires hundreds of years to reach steady state with inputs.
C1 [Sunderland, Elsie M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Dalziel, John] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada.
[Heyes, Andrew] Univ Syst Maryland, Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
[Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
[Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
[Gobas, Frank A. P. C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
RP Sunderland, EM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM ems@seas.harvard.edu
RI Heyes, Andrew/E-5269-2012; Sunderland, Elsie/D-5511-2014
OI Sunderland, Elsie/0000-0003-0386-9548
FU National Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC); Gulf of
Maine Council on the Marine Environment; Electric Power Research
Institute
FX We acknowledge financial support for this study from the National
Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Grants
Program, the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment, and the
Electric Power Research Institute. This work also benefited from field
Support and review from Raymond Cranston and Michael Parsons (Natural
Resources Canada), Peter Wells (Environment Canada), Hugh Akagi, Gareth
Harding, Tim Milligan, and Dave Wildish (Fisheries and Oceans, Canada)
and Chris Knightes (U.S. EPA). Any use of trade, product, or firm names
in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank five anonymous reviewers
for helpful Suggestions.
NR 46
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 3
U2 33
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 5
BP 1698
EP 1704
DI 10.1021/es9032524
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 559QT
UT WOS:000274842000030
PM 20121085
ER
PT J
AU Mazzella, N
Lissalde, S
Moreira, S
Delmas, F
Mazellier, P
Huckins, JN
AF Mazzella, Nicolas
Lissalde, Sophie
Moreira, Sylvia
Delmas, Francois
Mazellier, Patrick
Huckins, James N.
TI Evaluation of the Use of Performance Reference Compounds in an Oasis-HLB
Adsorbent Based Passive Sampler for Improving Water Concentration
Estimates of Polar Herbicides in Freshwater
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; CHEMICAL INTEGRATIVE SAMPLER; TANDEM
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS;
SURFACE-WATER; IN-SITU; CALIBRATION; POLLUTANTS; MATRIX
AB Passive samplers such as the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) are useful tools for monitoring trace levels of polar organic chemicals in aquatic environments. The use of performance reference compounds (PRC) spiked into the POCIS adsorbent for in situ calibration may improve the semiquantitative nature of water concentration estimates based on this type of sampler. In this work, deuterium labeled atrazine-desisopropyl (DIA-d5) was chosen as PRC because of its relatively high fugacity from Oasis HLB (the POCIS adsorbent used) and our earlier evidence of its isotropic exchange. In situ calibration of POCIS spiked with DIA-d5 was performed, and the resulting time-weighted average concentration estimates were compared with similar values from an automatic sampler equipped with Oasis HLB cartridges. Before PRC correction, water concentration estimates based on POCIS data sampling rates from a laboratory calibration exposure were systematically lower than the reference concentrations obtained with the automatic sampler. Use of the DIA-d5 PRC data to correct POCIS sampling rates narrowed differences between corresponding values derived from the two methods. Application of PRCs for in situ calibration seems promising for improving POCIS-derived concentration estimates of polar pesticides. However, careful attention must be paid to the minimization of matrix effects when the quantification is performed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS.
C1 [Mazzella, Nicolas; Lissalde, Sophie; Moreira, Sylvia; Delmas, Francois] Cemagref, UR REBX, F-33612 Gazinet, Cestas, France.
[Mazellier, Patrick] Univ Bordeaux, IUT Perigueux, CNRS UMR 5255, LPTC ISM, F-24019 Perigueux, France.
[Huckins, James N.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP Mazzella, N (reprint author), Cemagref, UR REBX, 50 Ave Verdun, F-33612 Gazinet, Cestas, France.
EM nicolas.mazzella@cemagref.fr; sophie.lissalde@cemagref.fr
OI LISSALDE, Sophie/0000-0002-9139-7773; Mazzella,
Nicolas/0000-0002-8499-9688
FU AEAG (Agence de l'Eau Adour-Garonne); ONEMA (Office National de l'Eau et
des Milieux Aquatiques)
FX We are grateful to M. Bonnet, M. Boudigues, B. Detest, B. Mechin, and C.
Obeidy for their participation to this work. We also thank the AEAG
(Agence de l'Eau Adour-Garonne) and the ONEMA (Office National de l'Eau
et des Milieux Aquatiques) for the financial support.
NR 34
TC 64
Z9 66
U1 5
U2 62
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 5
BP 1713
EP 1719
DI 10.1021/es902256m
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 559QT
UT WOS:000274842000032
PM 20108959
ER
PT J
AU Cloern, JE
Jassby, AD
AF Cloern, James E.
Jassby, Alan D.
TI Patterns and Scales of Phytoplankton Variability in Estuarine-Coastal
Ecosystems
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Estuaries; Coastal marine; Phytoplankton variability; Time series;
Biological patterns; Timescales; Ecosystem comparisons
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; BLOOMS; RIVER;
CALIFORNIA; BIOMASS
AB Phytoplankton variability is a primary driver of chemical and biological dynamics in the coastal zone because it directly affects water quality, biogeochemical cycling of reactive elements, and food supply to consumer organisms. Much has been learned about patterns of phytoplankton variability within individual ecosystems, but patterns have not been compared across the diversity of ecosystem types where marine waters are influenced by connectivity to land. We extracted patterns from chlorophyll-a series measured at 84 estuarine-coastal sites, using a model that decomposes time series into an annual effect, mean seasonal pattern, and residual "events." Comparisons across sites revealed a large range of variability patterns, with some dominated by a recurrent seasonal pattern, others dominated by annual (i.e., year-to-year) variability as trends or regime shifts and others dominated by the residual component, which includes exceptional bloom events such as red tides. Why is the partitioning of phytoplankton variability at these three scales so diverse? We propose a hypothesis to guide next steps of comparative analysis: large year-to-year variability is a response to disturbance from human activities or shifts in the climate system; strong seasonal patterns develop where the governing processes are linked to the annual climate cycle; and large event-scale variability occurs at sites highly enriched with nutrients. Patterns of phytoplankton variability are therefore shaped by the site-specific relative importance of disturbance, annual climatology, and nutrient enrichment.
C1 [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Jassby, Alan D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jecloern@usgs.gov
RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011;
OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862
FU US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National
Research Program for Hydrologic Research; California Department of Water
Resources [4600004660]
FX We express our deep appreciation to the many scientists and program
managers (listed in Table S1) who generously shared data sets that
allowed this comparative analysis. This research was supported by the US
Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the National
Research Program for Hydrologic Research. ADJ is also grateful for
partial support of this research by the California Department of Water
Resources (contract 4600004660).
NR 57
TC 83
Z9 83
U1 3
U2 48
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 2
SI SI
BP 230
EP 241
DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9195-3
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 567DW
UT WOS:000275424300002
ER
PT J
AU Stapanian, MA
Paragamian, VL
Madenjian, CP
Jackson, JR
Lappalainen, J
Evenson, MJ
Neufeld, MD
AF Stapanian, Martin A.
Paragamian, Vaughn L.
Madenjian, Charles P.
Jackson, James R.
Lappalainen, Jyrki
Evenson, Matthew J.
Neufeld, Matthew D.
TI Worldwide status of burbot and conservation measures
SO FISH AND FISHERIES
LA English
DT Review
DE burbot Lota lota; dams; fishery management; invasive species; water
quality; worldwide stock status
ID FRESH-WATER FISH; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; NORTHERN BALTIC-SEA; WIND
RIVER DRAINAGE; LONG-TERM CHANGES; LOTA-LOTA L; KOOTENAI RIVER; SPECIES
COMPOSITION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
AB Although burbot (Lota lota Gadidae) are widespread and abundant throughout much of their natural range, there are many populations that have been extirpated, endangered or are in serious decline. Due in part to the species' lack of popularity as a game and commercial fish, few regions consider burbot in management plans. We review the worldwide population status of burbot and synthesize reasons why some burbot populations are endangered or declining, some burbot populations have recovered and some burbot populations do not recover despite management measures. Burbot have been extirpated in much of Western Europe and the United Kingdom and are threatened or endangered in much of North America and Eurasia. Pollution and habitat change, particularly the effects of dams, appear to be the main causes for declines in riverine burbot populations. Pollution and the adverse effects of invasive species appear to be the main reasons for declines in lacustrine populations. Warmer water temperatures, due either to discharge from dams or climate change, have been noted in declining burbot populations at the southern extent of their range. Currently, fishing pressure does not appear to be limiting burbot populations world-wide. We suggest mitigation measures for burbot population recovery, particularly those impacted by dams and invasive species.
C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
[Paragamian, Vaughn L.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA.
[Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Jackson, James R.] Cornell Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA.
[Lappalainen, Jyrki] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Evenson, Matthew J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Neufeld, Matthew D.] BC Minist Environm, Nelson, BC V1L 4K3, Canada.
RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
EM mstapanian@usgs.gov
OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273; Lappalainen,
Jyrki/0000-0002-4631-3788
FU Bonneville Power Administration; Great Lakes Science Center [1537]
FX We thank the many researchers who provided vital information from agency
archives and to the reviewers of this manuscript that provided important
guidance. The Bonneville Power Administration provided partial funding
for this investigation. E. Braig, M. Bur, O. Gorman and F. Neave
reviewed earlier drafts. This article is Contribution Number 1537 of the
Great Lakes Science Center.
NR 247
TC 50
Z9 51
U1 7
U2 35
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1467-2960
EI 1467-2979
J9 FISH FISH
JI Fish. Fish.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 1
BP 34
EP 56
DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00340.x
PG 23
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 554RM
UT WOS:000274452100003
ER
PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
Wang, CF
O'Brien, TP
Holuszko, MJ
Ogilvie, LM
Stickel, RG
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
Wang, Chunfang
O'Brien, Timothy P.
Holuszko, Melissa J.
Ogilvie, Lynn M.
Stickel, Richard G.
TI Laboratory evaluation of a walleye (Sander vitreus) bioenergetics model
SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioenergetics model; Feeding rate; Field evaluation; Food consumption
estimates; Laboratory evaluation; Walleye
ID YELLOW PERCH; LAKE ERIE; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; FISH ECOLOGY; ONEIDA
LAKE; NEW-YORK; CONSUMPTION; MANAGEMENT; MICHIGAN; GROWTH
AB Walleye (Sander vitreus) is an important game fish throughout much of North America. We evaluated the performance of the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for walleye in the laboratory. Walleyes were fed rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in four laboratory tanks during a 126-day experiment. Based on a statistical comparison of bioenergetics model predictions of monthly consumption with the observed monthly consumption, we concluded that the bioenergetics model significantly underestimated food consumption by walleye in the laboratory. The degree of underestimation appeared to depend on the feeding rate. For the tank with the lowest feeding rate (1.4% of walleye body weight per day), the agreement between the bioenergetics model prediction of cumulative consumption over the entire 126-day experiment and the observed cumulative consumption was remarkably close, as the prediction was within 0.1% of the observed cumulative consumption. Feeding rates in the other three tanks ranged from 1.6% to 1.7% of walleye body weight per day, and bioenergetics model predictions of cumulative consumption over the 126-day experiment ranged between 11 and 15% less than the observed cumulative consumption.
C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Wang, Chunfang; O'Brien, Timothy P.; Holuszko, Melissa J.; Ogilvie, Lynn M.; Stickel, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Wang, Chunfang] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
NR 30
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-1742
EI 1573-5168
J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM
JI Fish Physiol. Biochem.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 1
BP 45
EP 53
DI 10.1007/s10695-008-9278-2
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology
GA 573HH
UT WOS:000275899400005
PM 18979219
ER
PT J
AU Bacheler, NM
Hightower, JE
Burdick, SM
Paramore, LM
Buckel, JA
Pollock, KH
AF Bacheler, Nathan M.
Hightower, Joseph E.
Burdick, Summer M.
Paramore, Lee M.
Buckel, Jeffrey A.
Pollock, Kenneth H.
TI Using generalized linear models to estimate selectivity from short-term
recoveries of tagged red drum Sciaenops ocellatus: Effects of gear,
fate, and regulation period
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Sciaenops ocellatus; Gear selectivity; Size selectivity; AIC;
Simulation; Tagging; Mark-recapture
ID NATURAL MORTALITY-RATES; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; FISHING MORTALITY; CAROLINA
WATERS; ESTUARINE FISH; RETURN MODELS; CATCH; AGE; HOOK; RELEASE
AB Estimating the selectivity patterns of various fishing gears is a critical component of fisheries stock assessment due to the difficulty in obtaining representative samples from most gears. We used short-term recoveries (n = 3587) of tagged red drum Sciaenops ocellatus to directly estimate age- and length-based selectivity patterns using generalized linear models. The most parsimonious models were selected using AlC, and standard deviations were estimated using simulations. Selectivity of red drum was dependent upon the regulation period in which the fish was caught, the gear used to catch the fish (i.e., hook-and-line, gill nets, pound nets), and the fate of the fish upon recovery (i.e., harvested or released); models including all first-order interactions between main effects outperformed models without interactions. Selectivity of harvested fish was generally dome-shaped and shifted toward larger, older fish in response to regulation changes. Selectivity of caught-and-released red drum was highest on the youngest and smallest fish in the early and middle regulation periods, but increased on larger, legal-sized fish in the late regulation period. These results suggest that catch-and-release mortality has consistently been high for small, young red drum, but has recently become more common in larger, older fish. This method of estimating selectivity from short-term tag recoveries is valuable because it is simpler than full tag-return models, and may be more robust because yearly fishing and natural mortality rates do not need to be modeled and estimated. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Burdick, Summer M.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
[Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Paramore, Lee M.] N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Wanchese, NC 27981 USA.
RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nat & Appl Sci ES 317, 2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA.
EM bachelen@uwgb.edu
OI Burdick, Summer/0000-0002-3480-5793
NR 43
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 102
IS 3
BP 266
EP 275
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.12.007
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 573GE
UT WOS:000275895700005
ER
PT J
AU Lenart, MT
Falk, DA
Scatena, FN
Osterkamp, WR
AF Lenart, Melanie T.
Falk, D. A.
Scatena, F. N.
Osterkamp, W. R.
TI Estimating soil turnover rate from tree uprooting during hurricanes in
Puerto Rico
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Disturbance; Hurricane; Luquillo experimental forest; Mound and pit
topography; Puerto Rico; Soil turnover period; Treefall; Tropical
forests; Windthrow; Uprooting
ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; SUBTROPICAL WET
FOREST; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; DISTURBANCE; DAMAGE; PATTERNS; WIND;
VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS
AB Soil turnover by tree uprooting in primary and secondary forests on the island of Puerto Rico was measured in 42 study plots in the months immediately after the passage of a Category 3 hurricane. Trunk basal area explained 61% of the variability of mound volume and 53% of the variability of mound area. The proportion Of uprooted trees, the number of uprooted trees, or the proportion of uprooted basal area explained 84-85% of the variation in hurricane-created mound area. These same variables explain 79-85% of the variation in mound volume. The study indicates that the soil turnover period from tree uprooting by Puerto Rican hurricanes is between 1600 and 4800 years. These rates are faster than soil turnover by landslides and background treefall in the same area and provide a useful age constraint on soil profile development and soil carbon sequestration in these dynamic landscapes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lenart, Melanie T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Falk, D. A.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Scatena, F. N.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Osterkamp, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Lenart, MT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, 715 N Pk Ave,2nd Floor, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM mlenart@email.arizona.edu
FU International Institute of Tropical Forestry
FX The authors thank Ariel E. Lugo, D. jean Lodge, Carlos Estrada and
others at the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, the
Long-Term Ecological Research program the Sabana Research Station for
logistical support. Robert Segal provided valuable technical assistance
in the field. Alex Arizpe provided assistance in the preparation of
figures. Colleagues at the University of Arizona, including Steven
Leavitt and Malcolm Hughes of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research and
Phil Guertin of the School of Natural Resources and the Environment,
provided helpful feedback that improved the manuscript. Useful advice
regarding statistical approaches was given by several additional
University of Arizona faculty and staff members, including Robert
Steidl, Mark Borgstrom and Martin Munro. This research was carried out
under the auspices of the School of Natural Resources and the
Environment, University of Arizona, and was supported by the
International Institute of Tropical Forestry.
NR 55
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 259
IS 6
BP 1076
EP 1084
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.014
PG 9
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 565SC
UT WOS:000275313700003
ER
PT J
AU Benejam, L
Angermeier, PL
Munne, A
Garcia-Berthou, E
AF Benejam, Lluis
Angermeier, Paul L.
Munne, Antoni
Garcia-Berthou, Emili
TI Assessing effects of water abstraction on fish assemblages in
Mediterranean streams
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE drought; fish metrics; Mediterranean streams; natural flow regime; water
abstraction
ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FRESH-WATER; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; COMMUNITY
STRUCTURE; IBERIAN PENINSULA; RIVER HEALTH; NE SPAIN; FLOW; DROUGHT;
INDEX
AB P>1. Water abstraction strongly affects streams in arid and semiarid ecosystems, particularly where there is a Mediterranean climate. Excessive abstraction reduces the availability of water for human uses downstream and impairs the capacity of streams to support native biota.
2. We investigated the flow regime and related variables in six river basins of the Iberian Peninsula and show that they have been strongly altered, with declining flows (autoregressive models) and groundwater levels during the 20th century. These streams had lower flows and more frequent droughts than predicted by the official hydrological model used in this region. Three of these rivers were sometimes dry, whereas there were predicted by the model to be permanently flowing. Meanwhile, there has been no decrease in annual precipitation.
3. We also investigated the fish assemblage of a stream in one of these river basins (Tordera) for 6 years and show that sites more affected by water abstraction display significant differences in four fish metrics (catch per unit effort, number of benthic species, number of intolerant species and proportional abundance of intolerant individuals) commonly used to assess the biotic condition of streams.
4. We discuss the utility of these metrics in assessing impacts of water abstraction and point out the need for detailed characterisation of the natural flow regime (and hence drought events) prior to the application of biotic indices in streams severely affected by water abstraction. In particular, in cases of artificially dry streams, it is more appropriate for regulatory agencies to assign index scores that reflect biotic degradation than to assign 'missing' scores, as is presently customary in assessments of Iberian streams.
C1 [Benejam, Lluis; Garcia-Berthou, Emili] Univ Girona, Inst Aquat Ecol, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
[Benejam, Lluis; Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Munne, Antoni] Univ Barcelona, Catalan Water Agcy, Planning Dept, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
[Munne, Antoni] Univ Barcelona, Dept Ecol, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
RP Garcia-Berthou, E (reprint author), Univ Girona, Inst Aquat Ecol, E-17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
EM emili.garcia@udg.edu
RI Garcia-Berthou, Emili/A-5392-2008; Benejam, Lluis/D-7367-2016
OI Garcia-Berthou, Emili/0000-0001-8412-741X;
FU Catalan Water Agency, Government of Catalonia; Barcelona Provincial
Council; Spanish Ministry of Education [CGL2006-11652-C02-01/BOS]; Banco
Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Foundation; University of Girona
FX We thank the editor A.G. Hildrew, J. Mas-Pla, S. Sabater, and two
anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study
was financially supported by the Catalan Water Agency, Government of
Catalonia and the Barcelona Provincial Council ('Observatori de la
Tordera' to M. Boada), the Spanish Ministry of Education
(CGL2006-11652-C02-01/BOS), the Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
Foundation (project GLOBRIO), and the Government of Catalonia (Catalan
Government Distinction Award for University Research 2004 to EGB). LB
held a doctoral fellowship from the University of Girona. We are
grateful to everybody who helped in the field and the members of the
'Observatori de la Tordera' project for their stimulating discussions.
The Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly
sponsored by U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and
Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 66
TC 46
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U1 5
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0046-5070
EI 1365-2427
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 3
BP 628
EP 642
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02299.x
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 559HJ
UT WOS:000274814100010
ER
PT J
AU Argentina, JE
Freeman, MC
Freeman, BJ
AF Argentina, Jane E.
Freeman, Mary C.
Freeman, Byron J.
TI The response of stream fish to local and reach-scale variation in the
occurrence of a benthic aquatic macrophyte
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE experimental manipulation; macroinvertebrates; mark-recapture;
Podostemum ceratophyllum; species richness
ID PODOSTEMUM-CERATOPHYLLUM MICHX; SPECIES RICHNESS; UNITED-STATES;
HABITAT; RIVER; INVERTEBRATES; PROBABILITIES; COMMUNITY; GRADIENT;
ANIMALS
AB P>1. The aquatic macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum has been shown to increase stream productivity, abundance and biomass of benthic invertebrates, and local occurrences of some stream fishes. However, experimental evidence that fishes preferentially associate with Podostemum is lacking, and the value of Podostemum as a predictor of stream fish assemblage composition has not been studied.
2. We conducted two short-term (2 week), small-scale (36 m2) experimental manipulations of Podostemum cover in the Conasauga River (Georgia and Tennessee, U.S.), and found higher abundances of benthic insectivorous fishes in patches with augmented (> 80%) compared to reduced (7%) Podostemum cover. In an observational study, we quantified associations among percent cover of Podostemum, fish species richness, land cover, shoal length and base-flow turbidity at 20 randomly selected shoals from a 39-km reach that spanned a gradient of decreasing forest land cover.
3. Richness of all fish species and of lotic fishes peaked in the centre of the study reach, and richness was weakly correlated with predictor variables. Occupancy models for individual species also indicated that longitudinal position was a strong covariate for 13 of 19 species examined, with little support that Podostemum cover influenced occupancy.
4. Local associations may reflect choices by benthic fishes to utilise Podostemum, whereas downstream decline in fish species richness and Podostemum cover may reflect altered capacity of the system to support native species.
C1 [Argentina, Jane E.; Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA.
[Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Argentina, JE (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM jea@vt.edu
FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the Tennessee Wildlife
Resources Agency
FX Judy Meyer and Bruce Wallace gave valuable advice with project design.
Members of the Freeman lab, especially Greg Anderson, Judith Barkstedt,
Rebecca Borquin, Megan Hagler, Paula Marcinek and James Norman, were
invaluable in both the field and the lab in getting this work
accomplished. This work was greatly improved with edits from Jamie
Roberts and two anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by grants to
B. J. Freeman from the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the
Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency.
NR 37
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0046-5070
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 3
BP 643
EP 653
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02301.x
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 559HJ
UT WOS:000274814100011
ER
PT J
AU Eggert, LMF
Jodice, PGR
O'Reilly, KM
AF Eggert, Lisa M. F.
Jodice, Patrick G. R.
O'Reilly, Kathleen M.
TI Stress response of brown pelican nestlings to ectoparasite infestation
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Brown pelican; Carios capensis; Corticosterone; Ectoparasites; Pelecanus
occidentalis; Stress
ID BEGGING BEHAVIOR; SEASONAL-CHANGES; CORTICOSTERONE; SEABIRDS; INCREASE;
GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; PARASITISM; ELEVATION; SWALLOWS
AB Measurement of corticosterone has become a useful tool for assessing the response of individuals to ecological stressors of interest. Enhanced corticosterone levels can promote survival of stressful events; however, in situations where a stressor persists and corticosterone levels remain elevated, the adrenocortical response can be detrimental. A potential ecological stressor for wild birds is parasitism by ectoparasites. We studied the stress response of 11-23-day-old brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) nestlings by measuring plasma corticosterone levels in relation to the presence of the soft tick Carlos capensis at two colonies in South Carolina in 2005. We expected to see higher baseline and stress-induced levels of corticosterone for parasitized chicks compared to those nestlings with no ticks. Although nestlings mounted a response to capture stress, tick category was not associated with corticosterone levels at either colony. Our results appear to contrast those of previous studies and indicate that the adrenocortical response of the host is likely dependent on the type of ectoparasite and the degree of infestation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Eggert, Lisa M. F.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[O'Reilly, Kathleen M.] Univ Portland, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97203 USA.
RP Eggert, LMF (reprint author), Clemson Univ Forestry & Nat Resources, SC Cooperat Res Unit, G-27 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
EM lfergus@clemson.edu
FU South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
FX We acknowledge the support of South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources and Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge which provided
housing and use of a boat. We thank S.A. Gauthreaux and JJ. Isely, for
contributions to this project and reviews of earlier material. We are
grateful to all the individuals who helped with field work, particularly
L. Bolte and C. Campbell. We thank W. Bridges, H. Senter, M. Shields,
and B. Wills for their contributions. Coastal Expeditions (Mt. Pleasant,
SC) kindly donated use of kayaks for our project. We acknowledge the
USGS South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit,
particularly C. Wakefield, who provided support in all forms. Any use of
trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
not imply endorsement by the US government. The South Carolina
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the
US Geological Survey, the South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources, Clemson University, and the Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 35
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 36
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
EI 1095-6840
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 166
IS 1
BP 33
EP 38
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.08.009
PG 6
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 557MO
UT WOS:000274673500005
PM 19716827
ER
PT J
AU Lund, K
Aleinikoff, JN
Evans, KV
duBray, EA
Dewitt, EH
Unruh, DM
AF Lund, K.
Aleinikoff, J. N.
Evans, K. V.
duBray, E. A.
Dewitt, E. H.
Unruh, D. M.
TI SHRIMP U-Pb dating of recurrent Cryogenian and Late Cambrian-Early
Ordovician alkalic magmatism in central Idaho: Implications for Rodinian
rift tectonics
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Review
ID SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EAST-CENTRAL IDAHO; SOUTHERN CANADIAN
CORDILLERA; ROBERTS-MOUNTAINS ALLOCHTHON; PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS;
WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN-GREAT-BASIN; WINDERMERE SUPERGROUP;
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS
AB Composite alkalic plutonic suites and tuffaceous diamictite, although discontinuously exposed across central Idaho in roof pendants and inliers within the Idaho batholith and Challis volcanic-plutonic complex, define the >200-km-long north west-aligned Big Creek-Beaverhead belt. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon dates on these igneous rocks provide direct evidence for the orientation and location of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic western Laurentian rift margin in the northern U.S. Cordillera. Dating delimits two discrete magmatic pulses at ca. 665-650 Ma and 500-485 Ma at the western and eastern ends. respectively, of this belt. Together with the nearby 685 Ma volcanic rocks of the Edwardsburg Formation, there is a 200 Ma history of recurrent extensional magmatic pulses along the belt. A similar history of recurrent uplift is reflected in the stratigraphic record of the associated miogeoclinal and cratonal platform basins, suggesting that the Big Creek-Beaverhead belt originated as a border fault during continental rift events. The magmatic belt is paired with the recurrently emergent Lemhi Arch and narrow miogeoclinal facies belts and it lies inboard of a northwest-striking narrow zone of thinned continental crust. These features define a northeast-extending upper-plate extensional system between southeast Washington and southeast Idaho that formed a segment of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic miogeocline. This segment was flanked on the north by the St. Mary-Moyie transform zone (south of a narrow southern Canadian upper-plate margin) and on the south by the Snake River transfer zone (north of broad Great Basin lower-plate margin). These are the central segments of a zigzag-shaped Cordilleran rift system of alternating northwest-striking extensional zones offset by northeast-striking transfers and transforms. The data substantiate polyphase rift and continental separation events that included (1) pre- and syn-Windermere rifting, (2) Windermere margin subsidence, (3) late Ediacaran-Cambrain rifting, and (4) well-developed late Ediacaran-Devonian passive margin subsidence and deposition. Timing and geometries support synchronous but opposing divergence along Cordilleran and Atlantic rifts with a Junction in Southern California-Sonora.
C1 [Lund, K.; Aleinikoff, J. N.; Evans, K. V.; duBray, E. A.; Dewitt, E. H.; Unruh, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Lund, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM klund@usgs.gov
NR 217
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 4
U2 12
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 3-4
BP 430
EP 453
DI 10.1130/B26565.1
PG 24
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 551LK
UT WOS:000274210600006
ER
PT J
AU Pollitz, FF
Snoke, JA
AF Pollitz, F. F.
Snoke, J. Arthur
TI Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity maps and three-dimensional shear velocity
structure of the western US from local non-plane surface wave tomography
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Tomography; Surface waves and free oscillations; Seismic tomography;
North America
ID LATERALLY HETEROGENEOUS EARTH; UPPER-MANTLE; NORTH-AMERICA;
UNITED-STATES; PROPAGATION; INVERSION; MULTIPLE; SCATTERING; FREQUENCY;
BENEATH
AB We utilize two-and-three-quarter years of vertical-component recordings made by the Transportable Array (TA) component of Earthscope to constrain three-dimensional (3-D) seismic shear wave velocity structure in the upper 200 km of the western United States. Single-taper spectral estimation is used to compile measurements of complex spectral amplitudes from 44 317 seismograms generated by 123 teleseismic events. In the first step employed to determine the Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity structure, we implement a new tomographic method, which is simpler and more robust than scattering-based methods (e. g. multi-plane surface wave tomography). The TA is effectively implemented as a large number of local arrays by defining a horizontal Gaussian smoothing distance that weights observations near a given target point. The complex spectral-amplitude measurements are interpreted with the spherical Helmholtz equation using local observations about a succession of target points, resulting in Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity maps at periods over the range of 18-125 s. The derived maps depend on the form of local fits to the Helmholtz equation, which generally involve the non-plane-wave solutions of Friederich et al. In a second step, the phase-velocity maps are used to derive 3-D shear velocity structure. The 3-D velocity images confirm details witnessed in prior body-wave and surface-wave studies and reveal new structures, including a deep (> 100 km deep) high-velocity lineament, of width similar to 200 km, stretching from the southern Great Valley to northern Utah that may be a relic of plate subduction or, alternatively, either a remnant of the Mojave Precambrian Province or a mantle downwelling. Mantle seismic velocity is highly correlated with heat flow, Holocene volcanism, elastic plate thickness and seismicity. This suggests that shallow mantle structure provides the heat source for associated magmatism, as well as thinning of the thermal lithosphere, leading to relatively high stress concentration. Our images also confirm the presence of high-velocity mantle at greater than or similar to 100 km depth beneath areas of suspected mantle delamination (southern Sierra Nevada; Grande Ronde uplift), low velocity mantle underlying active rift zones, and high velocity mantle associated with the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. Structure established during the Proterozoic appears to exert a lasting influence on subsequent volcanism and tectonism up to the Present.
C1 [Pollitz, F. F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Snoke, J. Arthur] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM fpollitz@usgs.gov
NR 58
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U1 2
U2 11
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0956-540X
EI 1365-246X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 180
IS 3
BP 1153
EP 1169
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04441.x
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 558AK
UT WOS:000274712100015
ER
PT J
AU Haines, SS
Ellefsen, KJ
AF Haines, Seth S.
Ellefsen, Karl J.
TI Shear-wave seismic reflection studies of unconsolidated sediments in the
near surface
SO GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE groundwater; Love waves; sand; sediments; seismic waves; seismology;
soil; stratigraphy
ID SHALLOW; INVERSION; MIGRATION; AQUIFER; SITE
AB We have successfully applied of SH-wave seismic reflection methods to two different near-surface problems targeting unconsolidated sediments. At the former Fort Ord, where the water table is approximately 30 m deep, we imaged aeolian and marine aquifer and aquitard stratigraphy to a depth of approximately 80 m. We identified reflections from sand/clay and sand/silt interfaces and we mapped these interfaces along our transects. At an aggregate study site in Indiana, where the water table is at a depth of 1 to 2 m, we imaged stratigraphy in alluvial sand and gravel, and observe a strong reflection from the 32-m-deep bedrock surface. In both cases, we exploited the high resolution potential of SH waves, their insensitivity to water content, and the possibility of reducing Love wave contamination by working along a roadway. We accomplished our results using only sledgehammer sources and simple data processing flows.
C1 [Haines, Seth S.; Ellefsen, Karl J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Haines, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM shaines@usgs.gov; ellefsen@usgs.gov
FU USGS; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
FX We are grateful to Bethany Burton, Paul Wigton, Lewis Hunter, Jeff
Lucius, Al Witty, Brad Milburn, Doug Carlson, and David Eisen for help
with field data collection. Thoughtful comments provided by colleague
reviewers Mike Powers and Bruce Smith, anonymous peer reviewers, and
journal editors have helped to significantly improve this manuscript. We
are particularly grateful to Associate Editor Michael Asten for his
efforts to bring this manuscript to print. This work was supported by
the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. The Fort Ord
fieldwork was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
NR 51
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Z9 5
U1 1
U2 2
PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS
PI TULSA
PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA
SN 0016-8033
J9 GEOPHYSICS
JI Geophysics
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 75
IS 2
BP B59
EP B66
DI 10.1190/1.3340969
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 585YY
UT WOS:000276868100002
ER
PT J
AU Ellefsen, KJ
Croize, D
Mazzella, AT
McKenna, JR
AF Ellefsen, Karl J.
Croize, Delphine
Mazzella, Aldo T.
McKenna, Jason R.
TI Reply to the discussion on "Frequency-domain Green's functions for radar
waves in heterogeneous 2.5D media" (K. J. Ellefsen, D. Croizeacute, A.
T. Mazzella, and J. R. McKenna, 2009, GEOPHYSICS, 74, no. 3, J13-J22)
SO GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE electromagnetic waves; finite difference methods; geomagnetism; Green's
function methods; terrestrial electricity; wave equations
C1 [Ellefsen, Karl J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Croize, Delphine] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
[Mazzella, Aldo T.] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
[McKenna, Jason R.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA.
RP Ellefsen, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM ellefsen@usgs.gov; croize@geo.uio.no; mazzella.aldo@epa.gov;
Jason.R.McKenna@usace.army.mil
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS
PI TULSA
PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA
SN 0016-8033
J9 GEOPHYSICS
JI Geophysics
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 75
IS 2
BP X5
EP X5
DI 10.1190/1.3340918
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 585YY
UT WOS:000276868100035
ER
PT J
AU Holzer, TL
AF Holzer, Thomas L.
TI The Water Table
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM tholzer@usgs.gov
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 48
IS 2
BP 171
EP 173
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00640.x
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 560YK
UT WOS:000274941500002
PM 19840123
ER
PT J
AU Morin, RH
LeBlanc, DR
Troutman, BM
AF Morin, Roger H.
LeBlanc, Denis R.
Troutman, Brent M.
TI The Influence of Topology on Hydraulic Conductivity in a Sand-and-Gravel
Aquifer
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Article
ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; CAPE-COD; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; POROUS-MEDIA;
PERMEABILITY; MASSACHUSETTS; POROSITY; BEARING; SIZE
AB A field experiment consisting of geophysical logging and tracer testing was conducted in a single well that penetrated a sand-and-gravel aquifer at the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology research site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Geophysical logs and flowmeter/pumping measurements were obtained to estimate vertical profiles of porosity phi, hydraulic conductivity K, temperature, and bulk electrical conductivity under background, freshwater conditions. Saline-tracer fluid was then injected into the well for 2 h and its radial migration into the surrounding deposits was monitored by recording an electromagnetic-induction log every 10 min. The field data are analyzed and interpreted primarily through the use of Archie's (1942) law to investigate the role of topological factors such as pore geometry and connectivity, and grain size and packing configuration in regulating fluid flow through these coarse-grained materials. The logs reveal no significant correlation between K and phi, and imply that groundwater models that link these two properties may not be useful at this site. Rather, it is the distribution and connectivity of the fluid phase as defined by formation factor F, cementation index m, and tortuosity alpha that primarily control the hydraulic conductivity. Results show that F correlates well with K, thereby indicating that induction logs provide qualitative information on the distribution of hydraulic conductivity. A comparison of alpha, which incorporates porosity data, with K produces only a slightly better correlation and further emphasizes the weak influence of the bulk value of phi on K.
C1 [Morin, Roger H.; Troutman, Brent M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[LeBlanc, Denis R.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA.
RP Morin, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rhmorin@usgs.gov
FU USGS National Research Program; Toxic Substances Hydrology Program
FX This research was supported by the USGS National Research Program and
the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The authors are grateful to
Philip Nelson, John Williams, David Hart, and an anonymous reviewer for
their thorough and thoughtful reviews that improved this manuscript
considerably, and also to K. M. Hess for access to field data from this
site. Field assistance was provided by B. Corland, G. Fairchild, and J.
Gerber of the USGS. The loan of a truck-mounted tracer tank from the
Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife is also gratefully
acknowledged.
NR 48
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 48
IS 2
BP 181
EP 190
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00646.x
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 560YK
UT WOS:000274941500004
PM 19878327
ER
PT J
AU Lacombe, PJ
Burton, WC
AF Lacombe, Pierre J.
Burton, William C.
TI Hydrogeologic Framework of Fractured Sedimentary Rock, Newark Basin, New
Jersey
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB The hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary bedrock at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), 1 Trenton, New Jersey, a trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated site in the Newark Basin, is developed using an understanding of the geologic history of the strata, gamma-ray logs, and rock cores. NAWC is the newest field research site established as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, and DoD Environmental Security Technology Certification Program to investigate contaminant remediation in fractured rock.
Sedimentary bedrock at the NAWC research site comprises the Skunk Hollow, Byram, and Ewing Creek Members of the Lockatong Formation and Raven Rock Member of the Stockton Formation. Muds of the Lockatong Formation that were deposited in Van Houten cycles during the Triassic have lithified to form the bedrock that is typical of much of the Newark Basin. Four lithotypes formed from the sediments include black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone, dark-gray laminated mudstone, light-gray massive mudstone, and red massive mudstone. Diagenesis, tectonic compression, off-loading, and weathering have altered the rocks to give some strata greater hydraulic conductivity than other strata. Each stratum in the Lockatong Formation is 0.3 to 8 m thick, strikes N65 degrees E, and dips 25 degrees to 70 degrees NW. The black, carbon-rich laminated mudstone tends to fracture easily, has a relatively high hydraulic conductivity and is associated with high natural gamma-ray count rates. The dark-gray laminated mudstone is less fractured and has a lower hydraulic conductivity than the black carbon-rich laminated mudstone. The light-gray and the red massive mudstones are highly indurated and tend to have the least fractures and a low hydraulic conductivity.
The differences in gamma-ray count rates for different mudstones allow gamma-ray logs to be used to correlate and delineate the lithostratigraphy from multiple wells. Gamma-ray logs and rock cores were correlated to develop a 13-layer gamma-ray stratigraphy and 41-layer lithostratigraphy throughout the fractured sedimentary rock research site.
Detailed hydrogeologic framework shows that black carbon-rich laminated mudstones are the most hydraulically conductive. Water-quality and aquifer-test data indicate that groundwater flow is greatest and TCE contamination is highest in the black, carbon-and clay-rich laminated mudstones. Large-scale groundwater flow at the NAWC research site can be modeled as highly anisotropic with the highest component of permeability occurring along bedding planes.
C1 [Lacombe, Pierre J.; Burton, William C.] US Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
RP Lacombe, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd W, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
EM placombe@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Navy; DOE; DOD; U.S. EPA
FX The authors would like to thank Jeffery Dale, Robert Lewandowski, and
Brian Helland of the U.S. Navy, Edward Boyle and Debra Felton formerly
of the U.S. Navy, Greg Herman, Donna Gaffigan, and Bill Hanrahan of the
NJDEP, Paul Olsen of Columbia University, Joseph Smoot of the USGS as
well as the many environmental scientists from ECOR Solutions Inc., EA
Engineering Science and Technology Inc., and IT International Technology
Inc., who have over the years collected and compiled data and provided
insight into investigating the hydrogeologic framework and groundwater
contamination at the NAWC research site. This research was funded by the
U.S. Navy, with assistance from the USGS Toxics Substances, Hydrology
Program and the Strategic Environmental Restoration and Defense Program
of the DOE, DOD, and U.S. EPA.
NR 14
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1069-3629
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD SPR
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 2
BP 35
EP 45
DI 10.1111/j1745-6592.2010.001275.x
PG 11
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 595OI
UT WOS:000277620400001
ER
PT J
AU Medhurst, RB
Wipfli, MS
Binckley, C
Polivka, K
Hessburg, PF
Salter, RB
AF Medhurst, R. Bruce
Wipfli, Mark S.
Binckley, Chris
Polivka, Karl
Hessburg, Paul F.
Salter, R. Brion
TI Headwater streams and forest management: Does ecoregional context
influence logging effects on benthic communities?
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Headwater streams; Benthic macroinvertebrates; Ecoregion; Logging;
Cascade Range
ID ALDER ALNUS-RUBRA; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; INVERTEBRATE;
DETRITUS; USA; MACROINVERTEBRATES; CLASSIFICATION; ASSEMBLAGES;
WASHINGTON
AB Effects of forest management on stream communities have been widely documented, but the role that climate plays in the disturbance outcomes is not understood. In order to determine whether the effect of disturbance from forest management on headwater stream communities varies by climate, we evaluated benthic macroinvertebrate communities in 24 headwater streams that differed in forest management (logged-roaded vs. unlogged-unroaded, hereafter logged and unlogged) within two ecological sub-regions (wet versus dry) within the eastern Cascade Range, Washington, USA. In both ecoregions, total macroinvertebrate density was highest at logged sites (P = 0.001) with gathering-collectors and shredders dominating. Total taxonomic richness and diversity did not differ between ecoregions or forest management types. Shredder densities were positively correlated with total deciduous and Sitka alder (Alnus sinuata) riparian cover. Further, differences in shredder density between logged and unlogged sites were greater in the wet ecoregion (logging x ecoregion interaction; P = 0.006) suggesting that differences in post-logging forest succession between ecoregions were responsible for differences in shredder abundance. Headwater stream benthic community structure was influenced by logging and regional differences in climate. Future development of ecoregional classification models at the subbasin scale, and use of functional metrics in addition to structural metrics, may allow for more accurate assessments of anthropogenic disturbances in mountainous regions where mosaics of localized differences in climate are common.
C1 [Medhurst, R. Bruce] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Wipfli, Mark S.; Binckley, Chris] Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Polivka, Karl; Hessburg, Paul F.; Salter, R. Brion] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA.
RP Medhurst, RB (reprint author), POB 1363, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA.
EM ebbnflow@yahoo.com
FU BonnevilleBonneville Power Administration [2003-017]; Mazamas foundation
FX This work was part of the Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring
Project funded by Bonneville Power Administration (Project number
2003-017). We thank Chris Jordan, Michael Ward, and Pamela Nelle for
administrative support with project funding. Thanks to Josh Kill, Andy
McCracken, Jake Layman, Bessie Green, Melissa Smith, and Galina Popova,
for help with field work and laboratory processing. We would like to
thank David Herbst, Arny Blanchard, Pete Bisson, and Robert Denehy for
early manuscript reviews. Additional funding from the Mazamas foundation
helped make this work possible. The use of trade, product, or firm names
in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U. S. Government.
NR 43
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 641
IS 1
BP 71
EP 83
DI 10.1007/s10750-009-0058-5
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 552TX
UT WOS:000274317600007
ER
PT J
AU Hedrick, LB
Welsh, SA
Anderson, JT
Lin, LS
Chen, YS
Wei, XC
AF Hedrick, Lara B.
Welsh, Stuart A.
Anderson, James T.
Lin, Lian-Shin
Chen, Yushun
Wei, Xinchao
TI Response of benthic macroinvertebrate communities to highway
construction in an Appalachian watershed
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Appalachia streams; BACI; Benthic macroinvertebrate; Corridor H; Highway
construction; Sedimentation
ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC STREAM POLLUTION; ROAD
CONSTRUCTION; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; CALIFORNIA STREAMS; BIOTIC INDEX;
LAND-USE; URBANIZATION; RUNOFF; METALS
AB Highway construction in mountainous areas can result in sedimentation of streams, negatively impacting stream habitat, water quality, and biotic communities. We assessed the impacts of construction of a segment of Corridor H, a four-lane highway, in the Lost River watershed, West Virginia, by monitoring benthic macroinvertebrate communities and water quality, before, during, and after highway construction and prior to highway use at upstream and downstream sites from 1997 through 2007. Data analysis of temporal impacts of highway construction followed a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) study design. Highway construction impacts included an increase in stream sedimentation during the construction phase. This was indicated by an increase in turbidity and total suspended solids. Benthic macroinvertebrate metrics indicated a community more tolerant during and after construction than in the period before construction. The percent of Chironomidae and the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI) increased, while percent of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) decreased. Our 10-year study addressed short-term impacts of highway construction and found that impacts were relatively minimal. A recovery of the number of EPT taxa collected after construction indicated that the benthic macroinvertebrate community may be recovering from impacts of highway construction. However, this study only addressed a period of 3 years before, 3 years during, and 4 years post construction. Inferences cannot be made concerning the long-term impacts of the highway, highway traffic, runoff, and other factors associated with highway use. Continual monitoring of the watershed is necessary to determine if the highway has a continual impact on stream habitat, water quality, and biotic integrity.
C1 [Hedrick, Lara B.; Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Anderson, James T.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Lin, Lian-Shin; Chen, Yushun; Wei, Xinchao] W Virginia Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
RP Hedrick, LB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
EM larahedrick@frontiernet.net; swelsh@wvu.edu; wetland@wvu.edu;
LianShin.Lin@mail.wvu.edu; ychen@uaex.edu; Xinchao.Wei@mail.wvu.edu
OI Wei, Xinchao/0000-0002-6897-2186
NR 82
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 5
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 641
IS 1
BP 115
EP 131
DI 10.1007/s10750-009-0070-9
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 552TX
UT WOS:000274317600010
ER
PT J
AU Sepulveda, N
Kuniansky, EL
AF Sepulveda, Nicasio
Kuniansky, Eve L.
TI Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic
properties
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Conceptual models; Groundwater flow; Hydraulic properties; Hydraulic
testing; USA
ID FLOW
AB The effects of simplifying hydraulic property layering within an unconfined aquifer and the underlying confining unit were assessed. The hydraulic properties of lithologic units within the unconfined aquifer and confining unit were computed by analyzing the aquifer-test data using radial, axisymmetric two-dimensional (2D) flow. Time-varying recharge to the unconfined aquifer and pumping from the confined Upper Floridan aquifer (USA) were simulated using 3D flow. Conceptual flow models were developed by gradually reducing the number of lithologic units in the unconfined aquifer and confining unit by calculating composite hydraulic properties for the simplified lithologic units. Composite hydraulic properties were calculated using either thickness-weighted averages or inverse modeling using regression-based parameter estimation. No significant residuals were simulated when all lithologic units comprising the unconfined aquifer were simulated as one layer. The largest residuals occurred when the unconfined aquifer and confining unit were aggregated into a single layer (quasi-3D), with residuals over 100% for the leakage rates to the confined aquifer and the heads in the confining unit. Residuals increased with contrasts in vertical hydraulic conductivity between the unconfined aquifer and confining unit. Residuals increased when the constant-head boundary at the bottom of the Upper Floridan aquifer was replaced with a no-flow boundary.
C1 [Sepulveda, Nicasio] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA.
[Kuniansky, Eve L.] US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA 30092 USA.
RP Sepulveda, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA.
EM nsepul@usgs.gov
OI Kuniansky, Eve/0000-0002-5581-0225
FU St. Johns River Water Management District in Palatka, Florida
FX This study was partially funded by the Ground Water Programs of the St.
Johns River Water Management District in Palatka, Florida. The authors
thank two Hydrogeology Journal anonymous reviewers for their suggestions
and helpful comments that significantly improved the article for this
journal. The authors also thank USGS technical reviewers J. W. Grubbs
and A. M. O'Reilly for their valuable contributions and L. Knowles for
his valuable assistance conducting the aquifer tests.
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 2
BP 405
EP 416
DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0505-4
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 554TF
UT WOS:000274456600011
ER
PT J
AU Roach, LH
Mustard, JF
Swayze, G
Milliken, RE
Bishop, JL
Murchie, SL
Lichtenberg, K
AF Roach, Leah H.
Mustard, John F.
Swayze, Gregg
Milliken, Ralph E.
Bishop, Janice L.
Murchie, Scott L.
Lichtenberg, Kim
TI Hydrated mineral stratigraphy of Ius Chasma, Valles Marineris
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mars, Surface; Spectroscopy
ID SULFATE MINERALS; MELAS CHASMA; EARLY MARS; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY;
THARSIS REGION; MORPHOLOGY; HISTORY; CLIMATE; SURFACE; SILICA
AB New high-resolution spectral and morphologic imaging of deposits on walls and floor of Ius Chasma extend previous geomorphic mapping, and permit a new interpretation of aqueous processes that occurred during the development of Valles Marineris. We identify hydrated mineralogy based on visible-near infrared (VNIR) absorptions. We map the extents of these units with CRISM spectral data as well as morphologies in CTX and HiRISE imagery. Three cross-sections across Ius Chasma illustrate the interpreted mineral stratigraphy. Multiple episodes formed and transported hydrated minerals within Ius Chasma. Polyhydrated sulfate and kieserite are found within a closed basin at the lowest elevations in the chasma. They may have been precipitates in a closed basin or diagenetically altered after deposition. Fluvial or aeolian processes then deposited layered Fe/Mg smectite and hydrated silicate on the chasma floor, postdating the sulfates. The smectite apparently was weathered out of Noachian-age wallrock and transported to the depositional sites. The overlying hydrated silicate is interpreted to be an acid-leached phyllosilicate transformed from the underlying smectite unit, or a smectite/jarosite mixture. The finely layered smectite and massive hydrated silicate units have an erosional unconformity between them, that marks a change in surface water chemistry. Landslides transported large blocks of wallrock, some altered to contain Fe/Mg smectite, to the chasma floor. After the last episode of normal faulting and subsequent landslides, opal was transported short distances into the chasma from a few m-thick light-toned layer near the top of the wallrock, by sapping channels in Louros Valles. Alternatively, the material was transported into the chasma and then altered to opal. The superposition of different types of hydrated minerals and the different fluvial morphologies of the units containing them indicate sequential, distinct aqueous environments, characterized by alkaline, then circum-neutral, and finally very acidic surface or groundwater chemistry. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Roach, Leah H.; Mustard, John F.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Swayze, Gregg] US Geol Survey, Branch Geophys, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Milliken, Ralph E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Bishop, Janice L.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Bishop, Janice L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Lichtenberg, Kim] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
RP Roach, LH (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM leah_roach@brown.edu
RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015
OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751
NR 92
TC 65
Z9 66
U1 2
U2 16
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 206
IS 1
BP 253
EP 268
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.09.003
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 560EH
UT WOS:000274884300024
ER
PT J
AU Wood, CA
Lorenz, R
Kirk, R
Lopes, R
Mitchell, K
Stofan, E
AF Wood, Charles A.
Lorenz, Ralph
Kirk, Randy
Lopes, Rosaly
Mitchell, Karl
Stofan, Ellen
CA Cassini RADAR Team
TI Impact craters on Titan
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Saturn, Satellites; Titan; Cratering; Geological processes
ID SURFACE ORGANICS; CASSINI; EJECTA; MELT
AB Five certain impact craters and 44 additional nearly certain and probable ones have been identified on the 22% of Titan's surface imaged by Cassini's high-resolution radar through December 2007. The certain craters have morphologies similar to impact craters on rocky planets, as well as two with radar bright, jagged rims. The less certain craters often appear to be eroded versions of the certain ones. Titan's craters are modified by a variety of processes including fluvial erosion, mass wasting, burial by dunes and submergence in seas, but there is no compelling evidence of isostatic adjustments as on other icy moons, nor draping by thick atmospheric deposits. The paucity of craters implies that Titan's surface is quite young, but the modeled age depends on which published crater production rate is assumed. Using the model of Artemieva and Lunine (2005) suggests that craters with diameters smaller than about 35 km are younger than 200 million years old, and larger craters are older. Craters are not distributed uniformly; Xanadu has a crater density 2-9 times greater than the rest of Titan, and the density on equatorial dune areas is much lower than average. There is a small excess of craters on the leading hemisphere, and craters are deficient in the north polar region compared to the rest of the world. The youthful age of Titan overall, and the various erosional states of its likely impact craters, demonstrate that dynamic processes have destroyed most of the early history of the moon, and that multiple processes continue to strongly modify its surface. The existence of 24 possible impact craters with diameters less than 20 kin appears consistent with the Ivanov, Basilevsky and Neukum (1997) model of the effectiveness of Titan's atmosphere in destroying most but not all small projectiles. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wood, Charles A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA.
[Wood, Charles A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Lorenz, Ralph] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Kirk, Randy] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Lopes, Rosaly; Mitchell, Karl] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Stofan, Ellen] Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA.
RP Wood, CA (reprint author), Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA.
EM chuckwood@cet.edu
RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016
OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167
NR 27
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 206
IS 1
BP 334
EP 344
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.021
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 560EH
UT WOS:000274884300030
ER
PT J
AU Penteado, PF
Griffith, CA
Tomasko, MG
Engel, S
See, C
Doose, L
Baines, KH
Brown, RH
Buratti, BJ
Clark, R
Nicholson, P
Sotin, C
AF Penteado, Paulo F.
Griffith, Caitlin A.
Tomasko, Martin G.
Engel, Steffi
See, Charles
Doose, Lyn
Baines, Kevin H.
Brown, Robert H.
Buratti, Bonnie J.
Clark, Roger
Nicholson, Phillip
Sotin, Christophe
TI Latitudinal variations in Titan's methane and haze from Cassini VIMS
observations
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Titan; Satellites, Atmospheres; Abundances, Atmospheres; Spectroscopy;
Radiative transfer
ID IMAGER/SPECTRAL RADIOMETER DISR; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS;
SEASONAL-CHANGE; MIDLATITUDE CLOUDS; SOUTH-POLE; ATMOSPHERE; TELESCOPE;
SURFACE; MODEL
AB We analyze observations taken with Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), to determine the current methane and haze latitudinal distribution between 60 degrees S and 40 degrees N. The methane variation was measured primarily from its absorption band at 0.61 mu m, which is optically thin enough to be sensitive to the methane abundance at 20-50 km altitude. Haze characteristics were determined from Titan's 0.4-1.6 mu m spectra, which sample Titan's atmosphere from the surface to 200 km altitude. Radiative transfer models based on the haze properties and methane absorption profiles at the Huygens site reproduced the observed VIMS spectra and allowed us to retrieve latitude variations in the methane abundance and haze. We find the haze variations can be reproduced by varying only the density and single scattering albedo above 80 km altitude. There is an ambiguity between methane abundance and haze optical depth, because higher haze optical depth causes shallower methane bands; thus a family of solutions is allowed by the data. We find that haze variations alone, with a constant methane abundance, can reproduce the spatial variation in the methane bands if the haze density increases by 60% between 20 degrees S and 10 degrees S (roughly the sub-solar latitude) and single scattering absorption increases by 20% between 60 degrees S and 40 degrees N. On the other hand, a higher abundance of methane between 20 and 50 km in the summer hemisphere, as much as two times that of the winter hemisphere, is also possible, if the haze variations are minimized. The range of possible methane variations between 27 degrees S and 19 degrees N is consistent with condensation as a result of temperature variations of 0-1.5 K at 20-30 km. Our analysis indicates that the latitudinal variations in Titan's visible to near-IR albedo, the north/south asymmetry (NSA), result primarily from variations in the thickness of the darker haze layer, detected by Huygens DISR, above 80 km altitude. If we assume little to no latitudinal methane variations we can reproduce the NSA wavelength signatures with the derived haze characteristics. We calculate the solar heating rate as a function of latitude and derive variations of similar to 10-15% near the sub-solar latitude resulting from the NSA. Most of the latitudinal variations in the heating rate stem from changes in solar zenith angle rather than compositional variations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Penteado, Paulo F.; Griffith, Caitlin A.; Tomasko, Martin G.; Engel, Steffi; See, Charles; Doose, Lyn; Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Nicholson, Phillip] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Sotin, Christophe] Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44100 Nantes, France.
RP Penteado, PF (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM penteado@astro.iag.usp.br
RI Penteado, Paulo/F-9081-2012
OI Penteado, Paulo/0000-0001-6759-2037
FU NASA; Brazilian Government through CAPES
FX The authors thank Christopher McKay for helpful discussions. Paulo
Penteado is sponsored by the NASA Planetary Astronomy Program and the
Brazilian Government through CAPES. Caitlin Griffith is supported by the
NASA Planetary Astronomy Program and NASA's Cassini Data Analysis
Program.
NR 62
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 206
IS 1
BP 352
EP 365
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.003
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 560EH
UT WOS:000274884300032
ER
PT J
AU El-Baz, F
Woodfork, LD
Hess, JW
Gundersen, LC
Leahy, PP
Hill, W
AF El-Baz, Farouk
Woodfork, Larry D.
Hess, John W.
Gundersen, Linda C.
Leahy, P. P.
Hill, Wesley
TI Untitled
SO IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [El-Baz, Farouk] Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Woodfork, Larry D.] Corp IYPE, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
[Hess, John W.; Hill, Wesley] Geol Soc Amer, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Gundersen, Linda C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Leahy, P. P.] Amer Geol Inst, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA.
RP El-Baz, F (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM WHill@geosociety.org
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1932-8184
J9 IEEE SYST J
JI IEEE Syst. J.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 4
IS 1
BP 2
EP 5
DI 10.1109/JSYST.2010.2043491
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science;
Telecommunications
GA 581PI
UT WOS:000276535900001
ER
PT J
AU Sampath, A
Shan, J
AF Sampath, Aparajithan
Shan, Jie
TI Segmentation and Reconstruction of Polyhedral Building Roofs From Aerial
Lidar Point Clouds
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Building extraction; clustering; LIght Detection And Ranging (lidar);
reconstruction; segmentation
ID RANGE IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION; SURFACES
AB This paper presents a solution framework for the segmentation and reconstruction of polyhedral building roofs from aerial LIght Detection And Ranging (lidar) point clouds. The eigenanalysis is first carried out for each roof point of a building within its Voronoi neighborhood. Such analysis not only yields the surface normal for each lidar point but also separates the lidar points into planar and nonplanar ones. In the second step, the surface normals of all planar points are clustered with the fuzzy k-means method. To optimize this clustering process, a potential-based approach is used to estimate the number of clusters, while considering both geometry and topology for the cluster similarity. The final step of segmentation separates the parallel and coplanar segments based on their distances and connectivity, respectively. Building reconstruction starts with forming an adjacency matrix that represents the connectivity of the segmented planar segments. A roof interior vertex is determined by intersecting all planar segments that meet at one point, whereas constraints in the form of vertical walls or boundary are applied to determine the vertices on the building outline. Finally, an extended boundary regularization approach is developed based on multiple parallel and perpendicular line pairs to achieve topologically consistent and geometrically correct building models. This paper describes the detail principles and implementation steps for the aforementioned solution framework. Results of a number of buildings with diverse roof complexities are presented and evaluated.
C1 [Sampath, Aparajithan; Shan, Jie] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Sampath, Aparajithan] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat Sci, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
RP Sampath, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM asampath@usgs.gov; jshan@purdue.edu
OI Sampath, Aparajithan/0000-0002-6922-4913
NR 40
TC 117
Z9 126
U1 4
U2 45
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 48
IS 3
BP 1554
EP 1567
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2030180
PN 2
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 559BM
UT WOS:000274794700020
ER
PT J
AU Ruppert, LF
Hower, JC
Ryder, RT
Levine, JR
Trippi, MH
Grady, WC
AF Ruppert, Leslie F.
Hower, James C.
Ryder, Robert T.
Levine, Jeffrey R.
Trippi, Michael H.
Grady, William C.
TI Geologic controls on thermal maturity patterns in Pennsylvanian
coal-bearing rocks in the Appalachian basin
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Vitrinite reflectance; Thermal maturation maps; Anthracite; Appalachian
basin; Black Warrior coal field; Fluid flow; Burial depth; Coalbed
methane; Oil shale; Isograds
ID VITRINITE REFLECTANCE; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; COALIFICATION PATTERNS;
EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA; ANTHRACITE REGION; FORELAND BASIN; METAMORPHISM;
MECHANISMS; MATURATION; ANISOTROPY
AB Thermal maturation patterns of Pennsylvanian strata in the Appalachian basin were determined by compiling and contouring published and unpublished vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements. VR isograd values range from 0.6% in eastern Ohio and eastern Kentucky (western side of the East Kentucky coal field) to greater than 5.5% in eastern Pennsylvania (Southern Anthracite field, Schuylkill County), corresponding to ASTM coal rank classes of high volatile C bituminous to meta-anthracite. VR isograds show that thermal maturity of Pennsylvanian coals generally increases from west to east across the basin. The isograds patterns, which are indicative of maximum temperatures during burial, can be explained by variations in paleodepth of burial, paleogeothermal gradient, or a combination of both. However, there are at least four areas of unusually high-rank coal in the Appalachian basin that depart from the regional trends and are difficult to explain by depth of burial alone: 1) a west-northwestward salient centered in southwestern Pennsylvania: 2) an elliptically-shaped, northeast-trending area centered in Southern West Virginia and western Virginia; 3) the eastern part of Black Warrior coal field, Alabama: and 4) the Pennsylvania Anthracite region, in eastern Pennsylvania. High-rank excursions in southwest Pennsylvania, the Black Warrior coal field, and the Pennsylvania Anthracite region are interpreted here to represent areas of higher paleo-heat flow related to syntectonic movement of hot fluids towards the foreland, associated with Alleghanian deformation. in addition to higher heat flow from fluids, the Pennsylvania Anthracite region also experienced greater depth of burial. The high-rank excursion in southwest Virginia was probably primarily controlled by overburden thickness, but may also have been influenced by higher geothermal gradients. Published by Elsevier B.V,
C1 [Ruppert, Leslie F.; Ryder, Robert T.; Trippi, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Hower, James C.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA.
[Grady, William C.] W Virginia Geol & Econ Survey, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
RP Ruppert, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM lruppert@usgs.gov
OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061
NR 52
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-5162
J9 INT J COAL GEOL
JI Int. J. Coal Geol.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 3
BP 169
EP 181
DI 10.1016/j.coal.2009.12.008
PG 13
WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Energy & Fuels; Geology
GA 571GZ
UT WOS:000275741300004
ER
PT J
AU Afifi, R
Sleeman, JM
Saunders, GK
Kaur, T
AF Afifi, R.
Sleeman, J. M.
Saunders, G. K.
Kaur, T.
TI Arconobacterium pyogenes associated with pulmonary and submandibular
lymph node abscessation in white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiaus)
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Afifi, R.] Suez Canal Univ, Afifi Dept Wildlife & Zoo Med, Fac Vet Med, Ismilia, Egypt.
[Sleeman, J. M.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Saunders, G. K.; Kaur, T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1201-9712
J9 INT J INFECT DIS
JI Int. J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 14
SU 1
BP E156
EP E156
DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1826
PG 1
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA 578MQ
UT WOS:000276298200347
ER
PT J
AU Kery, M
Royle, JA
AF Kery, Marc
Royle, J. Andrew
TI Hierarchical modelling and estimation of abundance and population trends
in metapopulation designs
SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian; Poisson GLMM; hierarchical model; population dynamics;
population trends; WinBUGS
ID BINOMIAL MIXTURE-MODELS; POINT COUNT SURVEYS; REPLICATED COUNTS;
CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; IMPERFECT; CONSERVATION
AB P>1. Population assessment in changing environments is challenging because factors governing abundance may also affect detectability and thus bias observed counts. We describe a hierarchical modelling framework for estimating abundance corrected for detectability in metapopulation designs, where observations of 'individuals' (e.g. territories) are replicated in space and time. We consider two classes of models; first, we regard the data as independent binomial counts and model abundance and detectability based on a product-binomial likelihood. Secondly, we use the more complex detection-non-detection data for each territory to form encounter history frequencies, and analyse the resulting multinomial/Poisson hierarchical model. Importantly, we extend both models to directly estimate population trends over multiple years. Our models correct for any time trends in detectability when assessing population trends in abundance.
2. We illustrate both models for a farmland and a woodland bird species, skylark Alauda arvensis and willow tit Parus montanus, by applying them to Swiss BBS data, where 268 1 km2 quadrats were surveyed two to three times during 1999-2003. We fit binomial and multinomial mixture models where log(abundance) depended on year, elevation, forest cover and transect route length, and logit(detection) on year, season and search effort.
3. Parameter estimates were very similar between models with confidence intervals overlapping for most parameters. Trend estimates were similar for skylark (-0.074 +/- 0.041 vs. -0.047 +/- 0.019) and willow tit (0.044 +/- 0.046 vs. 0.047 +/- 0.018). As expected, the multinomial model gave more precise estimates, but also yielded lower abundance estimates for the skylark. This may be due to effects of territory misclassification (lumping error), which do not affect the binomial model.
4. Both models appear useful for estimating abundance and population trends free from distortions by detectability in metapopulation designs with temporally replicated observations. The ability to obtain estimates of abundance and population trends that are unbiased with respect to any time trends in detectability ought to be a strong motivation for the collection of replicate observation data.
C1 [Kery, Marc] Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland.
[Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland.
EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch
OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167
NR 49
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 8
U2 73
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8790
EI 1365-2656
J9 J ANIM ECOL
JI J. Anim. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 79
IS 2
BP 453
EP 461
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01632.x
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 552VH
UT WOS:000274321200018
PM 19886893
ER
PT J
AU Hershberger, PK
Gregg, JL
Grady, CA
Collins, RM
Winton, JR
AF Hershberger, P. K.
Gregg, J. L.
Grady, C. A.
Collins, R. M.
Winton, J. R.
TI Susceptibility of Three Stocks of Pacific Herring to Viral Hemorrhagic
Septicemia
SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; PUGET-SOUND;
BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLUPEA-PALLASII; CHINOOK SALMON; MARINE FISH; VIRUS
VHSV; HOST; RESISTANCE
AB Laboratory challenges using specific-pathogen-free Pacific herring Clupea pallasii from three distinct populations indicated that stock origin had no effect on susceptibility to viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS). All of the populations were highly susceptible to the disease upon initial exposure, with significantly greater cumulative mortalities occurring in the exposed treatment groups (56.3-64.3%) than in the unexposed control groups (0.8-9.0%). Interstock differences in cumulative mortality were not significant. The virus loads in the tissues of fish experiencing mortality were 10-10,000 times higher during the acute phase of the epizootics (day 13 postexposure) than during the recovery phase (days 30-42). Survivors of the epizootics were refractory to subsequent VHS, with reexposure of VHS survivors resulting in significantly less cumulative mortality (1.2-4.0%) than among positive controls (38.1-64.4%); interstock differences in susceptibility did not occur after reexposure. These results indicate that data from experiments designed to understand the ecology of VHS virus in a given stock of Pacific herring are broadly applicable to stocks throughout the northeastern Pacific.
C1 [Hershberger, P. K.; Gregg, J. L.; Grady, C. A.; Collins, R. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA.
[Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA.
EM phershberger@usgs.gov
FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; U.S. Geological Survey
FX Funding for this study was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Trustee Council, project 070819, and the Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystem
Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Isolates of VHSV were
provided by Kyle Garver and Garth Traxler (Pacific Biological Station,
Fisheries and Oceans Canada). The herring eggs from Prince William Sound
were provided by Steve Moffitt and Rich Brenner (Alaska Department of
Fish and Game) and those from Puget Sound were provided by Kurt Stick
and Adam Lindquist (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife). The use
of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the
information and convenience of the reader; such use does not constitute
an official endorsement of or approval by the U.S. Department of the
Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the
exclusion of others that may be suitable.
NR 26
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0899-7659
EI 1548-8667
J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH
JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 1
BP 1
EP 7
DI 10.1577/H09-026.1
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 589TM
UT WOS:000277176800001
PM 20575359
ER
PT J
AU Benson, LV
AF Benson, Larry V.
TI Who provided maize to Chaco Canyon after the mid-12th-century drought?
SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Archaeological maize; Strontium isotopes; Chaco Canyon; San Juan Basin
ID NEW-MEXICO; ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAIZE; HISTORY
AB Between A.D. 1181 and 1200, in the early part of a climatically wet period, corn was imported to Chaco Canyon from a region outside the Chaco Halo (defined in this paper as the region between the base of the Chuska Mountains and Raton Wells). Strontium-isotope ((87)Sr/(86)Sr) analyses of 12 corn cobs dating to this period match (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios from five potential source areas, including: the Zuni region, the Mesa Verde-McElmo Dome area, the Totah, the Defiance Plateau, and Lobo Mesa. The latter two areas were eliminated from consideration as possible sources of corn in that they appear to have been unpopulated during the time period of interest. Therefore, it appears that the corn cobs were imported from the Zuni region, the Mesa Verde-McElmo Dome area, or the Totah area during a time when the climate was relatively wet and when a surplus of corn was produced in regions outside Chaco Canyon. Based on proximity to and cultural affiliation with Chaco Canyon, it is hypothesized that the corn probably was imported from the Totah. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM lbenson@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation Acquisition
[08-AA-40-2789]
FX The author wishes to thank Roman Pawluk, Director of the Zuni
Conservation Program, for facilitating access to Zuni field sites and to
Daniel Bowannie and Patterson Peynetsa who guided the author to field
sites and assisted in the sampling effort. We also thank Dabney Ford and
Wendy Bustard, Chaco Culture National History Park, Chaco Canyon, New
Mexico who allowed access to archaeological cobs from Gallo Cliff
Dwelling and Chetro, Ketl. The author is also grateful for the
assistance of Jeffrey Homburg who provided a copy of his Ph. D.
dissertation to the author as well as topographic maps of the Zuni
region, showing the locations of previously studied field systems. My
special thanks to Terry Plowman who processed many of the cob samples
and to David Roth and Ron Antweiler who, respectively, analyzed the
synthetic soil waters and processed the raw analytical data. Mike Berry
provided the treering cutting data for the Wide Weed Ruin site.
Discussions with Catherine Cameron, Tom Windes, and William Lipe were
especially helpful. Howard Taylor and Michael Berry provided helpful
reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. Field work and
isotopic analysis for this project were supported by U.S. Department of
the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation Acquisition No. 08-AA-40-2789.
NR 36
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 10
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0305-4403
J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI
JI J. Archaeol. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 3
BP 621
EP 629
DI 10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.027
PG 9
WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology
GA 560UZ
UT WOS:000274930300018
ER
PT J
AU Paxton, EH
Sogge, MK
Koronkiewicz, TJ
McLeod, MA
Theimer, TC
AF Paxton, Eben H.
Sogge, Mark K.
Koronkiewicz, Thomas J.
McLeod, Mary Anne
Theimer, Tad C.
TI Geographic variation in the plumage coloration of willow flycatchers
Empidonax traillii
SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEASONAL-CHANGES; ANNUAL CYCLE; BLUE; PATTERNS; WARBLERS; COMPLEX; PERU
AB The ability to identify distinct taxonomic groups of birds (species, subspecies, geographic races) can advance ecological research efforts by determining connectivity between the non-breeding and breeding grounds for migrant species, identifying the origin of migrants, and helping to refine boundaries between subspecies or geographic races. Multiple methods are available to identify taxonomic groups (e.g., morphology, genetics), and one that has played an important role for avian taxonomists over the years is plumage coloration. With the advent of electronic devices that can quickly and accurately quantify plumage coloration, the potential of using coloration as an identifier for distinct taxonomic groups, even when differences are subtle, becomes possible. In this study, we evaluated the degree to which plumage coloration differs among the four subspecies of the willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii, evaluated sources of variation, and considered the utility of plumage coloration to assign subspecies membership for individuals of unknown origin. We used a colorimeter to measure plumage coloration of 374 adult willow flycatchers from 29 locations across their breeding range in 2004 and 2005. We found strong statistical differences among the mean plumage coloration values of the four subspecies; however, while individuals tended to group around their respective subspecies' mean color value, the dispersion of individuals around such means overlapped. Mean color values for each breeding site of the three western subspecies clustered together, but the eastern subspecies' color values were dispersed among the other subspecies, rather than distinctly clustered. Additionally, sites along boundaries showed evidence of intergradation and intermediate coloration patterns. We evaluated the predictive power of colorimeter measurements on flycatchers by constructing a canonical discriminant model to predict subspecies origin of migrants passing through the southwestern U.S. Considering only western subspecies, we found that individuals can be assigned with reasonable certainty. Applying the model to migrants sampled along the Colorado River in Mexico and the U.S. suggests different migration patterns for the three western subspecies. We believe that the use of plumage coloration, as measured by electronic devices, can provide a powerful tool to look at ecological questions in a wide range of avian species.
C1 [Paxton, Eben H.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Paxton, Eben H.; Theimer, Tad C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Sogge, Mark K.] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Off, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
[Koronkiewicz, Thomas J.; McLeod, Mary Anne] SWCA Environm Consultants, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Paxton, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM eben_paxton@usgs.gov
OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689
FU U. S. Geological Survey; U. S. Bureau of Reclamation
FX This work was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey and the U. S. Bureau
of Reclamation. Caroline Causey, Phil Unitt, and Mary Whitfield made
important contributions to this research project. The hard work of many
members of the SWCA and USGS banding crews made this study possible.
Particular thanks to Amanda Bakian, Osvel Hinojosa-Huerta, Matt Johnson,
Chris McCreedy, Gary Slater, and Scott Stoleson for assistance in
sampling specific locations. This manuscript was greatly improved
through comments made by Kristina Paxton and two anonymous reviewers.
The use of product trade names in this paper does not constitute product
endorsement by the USGS.
NR 39
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0908-8857
EI 1600-048X
J9 J AVIAN BIOL
JI J. Avian Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 41
IS 2
BP 128
EP 138
DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04773.x
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 586SX
UT WOS:000276934600004
ER
PT J
AU Athearn, ND
Takekawa, JY
Jaffe, B
Hattenbach, BJ
Foxgrover, AC
AF Athearn, Nicole D.
Takekawa, John Y.
Jaffe, Bruce
Hattenbach, Brian J.
Foxgrover, Amy C.
TI Mapping Elevations of Tidal Wetland Restoration Sites in San Francisco
Bay: Comparing Accuracy of Aerial Lidar with a Singlebeam Echosounder
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Tidal wetlands; sediment accretion; geomorphology; elevation; salt ponds
ID ESTUARY
AB The southern edge of San Francisco Bay is surrounded by former salt evaporation ponds, where tidal flow has been restricted since the mid to late 1890s. These ponds are now the focus of a large wetland restoration project, and accurate measurement of current pond bathymetry and adjacent mud flats has been critical to restoration planning. Aerial light detection and ranging (lidar) has become a tool for mapping surface elevations, but its accuracy had rarely been assessed for wetland habitats. We used a singlebeam echosounder system we developed for surveying shallow wetlands to map submerged pond bathymetry in January of 2004 and compared those results with aerial lidar surveys in two ponds that were dry in May of 2004. From those data sets, we compared elevations for 5164 (Pond E9, 154 ha) and 2628 (Pond E14, 69 ha) echosounder and lidar points within a 0.375-m radius of each other (0.750-m diameter lidar spot size). We found that mean elevations of the lidar points were lower than the echosounder results by 5 +/- 0.1 cm in Pond E9 and 2 +/- 0.2 cm in Pond E14. Only a few points (5% in Pond E9, 2% in Pond E14) differed by more than 20 cm, and some of these values may be explained by residual water in the ponds during the lidar survey or elevation changes that occurred between surveys. Our results suggest that aerial lidar may be a very accurate and rapid way to assess terrain elevations for wetland restoration projects.
C1 [Jaffe, Bruce; Foxgrover, Amy C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Athearn, Nicole D.; Takekawa, John Y.; Hattenbach, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
RP Athearn, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Strateg Habitat Conservat Program, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM nicole_athearn@fws.gov
RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920
FU California State Coastal Conservancy, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Western Ecological Research Center (WERC); USGS San Francisco Bay
Priority Ecosystem Science; USGS Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
FX This study was supported by the California State Coastal Conservancy,
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Ecological Research Center (WERC),
and the USGS San Francisco Bay Priority Ecosystem Science and USGS
Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG) programs. The shallow-water
echo-sounder system was developed in cooperation with the USGS
California Water Science Center (Neil Ganju, Greg Shellenbarger, and
David Schoellhamer). Scott Demers (WERC) led system development, and
Jill Bluso, Marty Stafford, Kathleen Henderson, and Jodi Despot (WERC)
conducted bathymetric field measurements. Bill Perry and Julie Yee
(WERC) provided assistance with processing the bathymetric data sets.
Ralph Haugerud (USGS Earth Surface Processes Team) provided immense
assistance in analyzing the lidar accuracy and offering suggestions on
processing methods to improve the data quality. Thanks to Pete Darnell,
Gerry Hatcher, and Joshua Logan (CMG) for contributing their geographic
information system and lidar expertise. Tim Hayes (City of San Jose)
provided the IKONOS satellite imagery. The National
Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the USGS Eros Data Center supplied
the high-resolution aerial photographs. The City of San Jose, Alameda
County Public Works Agency, and Philip Williams & Associates, Ltd.
provided elevation data used for preliminary accuracy analyses. John
Krause (California Department of Fish and Game) collected vegetation
measurements for ground-truthing and provided access to ponds for
bathymetric data collection and lidar ground-truthing at the Eden
Landing Ecological Reserve. We thank the staff at TerraPoint and Mosaic
Mapping (especially Claude Vickers, Simon Newby, and Alan Dodson) for
their valuable assistance in completing this project. We appreciate the
helpful comments of Mary Ellen Mueller, Deborah Elliott-Fisk, and Neil
Ganju. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 14
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 2
BP 312
EP 319
DI 10.2112/08-1076.1
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 578WV
UT WOS:000276328400011
ER
PT J
AU Bearman, JA
Friedrichs, CT
Jaffe, BE
Foxgrover, AC
AF Bearman, Joshua A.
Friedrichs, Carl T.
Jaffe, Bruce E.
Foxgrover, Amy C.
TI Spatial Trends in Tidal Flat Shape and Associated Environmental
Parameters in South San Francisco Bay
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERTIDAL MUDFLATS; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; BEACH CHANGES; SEDIMENTATION;
CALIFORNIA; CURRENTS; LEVEL; DELTA; MORPHODYNAMICS; MORPHOLOGY
AB Spatial trends in the shape of profiles of South San Francisco Bay (SSFB) tidal flats are examined using bathymetric and lidar data collected in 2004 and 2005. Eigenfunction analysis reveals a dominant mode of morphologic variability related to the degree of convexity or concavity in the cross-shore profile indicative of (i) depositional, tidally dominant or (ii) erosional, wave impacted conditions. Two contrasting areas of characteristic shape north or south of a constriction in estuary width located near the Dumbarton Bridge are recognized. This pattern of increasing or decreasing convexity in the inner or outer estuary is correlated to spatial variability in external and internal environmental parameters, and observational results are found to be largely consistent with theoretical expectations. Tidal flat convexity in SSFB is observed to increase (in decreasing order of significance) in response to increased deposition, increased tidal range, decreased fetch length, decreased sediment grain size, and decreased tidal flat width.
C1 [Bearman, Joshua A.; Friedrichs, Carl T.; Foxgrover, Amy C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Jaffe, Bruce E.; Foxgrover, Amy C.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Bearman, JA (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
EM jbearman@vims.edu
RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012;
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X
FU U.S. Geological Survey [06WRSA0285]; California State Coastal
Conservancy; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program
FX We would like to thank Dr. David Evans (VIMS) for his assistance with
EOF analysis. Support for this work was provided by Contract Number
06WRSA0285 from the U.S. Geological Survey. Funding for this project at
the USGS originated primarily from the California State Coastal
Conservancy, with additional support from the USGS Priority Ecosystem
Science Program. This is contribution no. 2979 from the Virginia
Institute of Marine Science.
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U1 0
U2 4
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 2
BP 342
EP 349
DI 10.2112/08-1094.1
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 578WV
UT WOS:000276328400014
ER
PT J
AU Molins, S
Mayer, KU
Amos, RT
Bekins, BA
AF Molins, S.
Mayer, K. U.
Amos, R. T.
Bekins, B. A.
TI Vadose zone attenuation of organic compounds at a crude oil spill site -
Interactions between biogeochemical reactions and multicomponent gas
transport
SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Reactive transport modeling; Vadose zone; Natural attenuation; Organic
contaminants; Multicomponent gas transport
ID UNSATURATED ZONE; NATURAL ATTENUATION; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND;
POROUS-MEDIA; METHANE OXIDATION; VAPOR TRANSPORT; COVER SOILS;
BIODEGRADATION; MODEL
AB Contaminant attenuation processes in the vadose zone of a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN have been simulated with a reactive transport model that includes multicomponent gas transport, solute transport, and the most relevant biogeochemical reactions. Dissolution and volatilization of oil components, their aerobic and anaerobic degradation coupled with sequential electron acceptor consumption, ingress of atmospheric O(2), and the release of CH(4) and CO(2) from the smear zone generated by the floating oil were considered. The focus of the simulations was to assess the dynamics between biodegradation and gas transport processes in the vadose zone, to evaluate the rates and contributions of different electron accepting processes towards vadose zone natural attenuation, and to provide an estimate of the historical mass loss. Concentration distributions of reactive (O(2), CH(4), and CO(2)) and non-reactive (Ar and N(2)) gases served as key constraints for the model calibration. Simulation results confirm that as of 2007, the main degradation pathway can be attributed to methanogenic degradation of organic compounds in the smear zone and the vadose zone resulting in a contaminant plume dominated by high CH(4) concentrations. In accordance with field observations, zones of volatilization and CH generation are correlated to slightly elevated total gas pressures and low partial pressures of N(2) and Ar, while zones of aerobic CH(4) oxidation are characterized by slightly reduced gas pressures and elevated concentrations of N(2) and Ar. Diffusion is the most significant transport mechanism for gases in the vadose zone: however, the simulations also indicate that, despite very small pressure gradients, advection contributes up to 15% towards the net flux of CH(4), and to a more limited extent to O(2) ingress. Model calibration strongly suggests that transfer of biogenically generated gases from the smear zone provides a major control on vadose zone gas distributions and vadose zone carbon balance. Overall, the model was successful in capturing the complex interactions between biogeochemical reactions and multicomponent gas transport processes. However, despite employing a process-based modeling approach, honoring observed parameter ranges, and generally obtaining good agreement between field observations and model simulations, accurate quantification of natural attenuation rates remains difficult. The modeling results are affected by uncertainties regarding gas phase saturations, tortuosities, and the magnitude of CH(4) and CO(2) flux from the smear zone. These findings highlight the need to better delineate gas fluxes at the model boundaries, which will help constrain contaminant degradation rates, and ultimately source zone longevity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Molins, S.; Mayer, K. U.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Amos, R. T.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Bekins, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Molins, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM smolins@lbl.gov
RI Molins, Sergi/A-9097-2012;
OI Molins, Sergi/0000-0001-7675-3218; Mayer, K. Ulrich/0000-0002-4168-781X
FU NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada); K.
Ulrich Mayer and a University Graduate Fellowship; Canada Foundation for
Innovation; Alberta Innovation and Science; British Columbia Advanced
Education
FX Funding for this research was provided through an NSERC (Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) discovery grant
held by K. Ulrich Mayer and a University Graduate Fellowship awarded to
S. Molins. This research has been enabled by the use of WestGrid
computing resources, which are funded in part by the Canada Foundation
for Innovation, Alberta Innovation and Science, British Columbia
Advanced Education, and the participating research institutions.
WestGrid equipment is provided by IBM, Hewlett Packard and SGI. The
authors would like to thank Geoff Delin (USGS, Lakewood, CO) and Chris
Green (USGS, Menlo Park, CA) for thoughtful and constructive reviews of
an earlier version of this manuscript.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-7722
J9 J CONTAM HYDROL
JI J. Contam. Hydrol.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 1-4
SI SI
BP 15
EP 29
DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.09.002
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
GA 571EY
UT WOS:000275735600002
PM 19853961
ER
PT J
AU Sartori, F
Wade, TL
Sericano, JL
Mohanty, BP
Smith, KA
AF Sartori, Fabio
Wade, Terry L.
Sericano, Jose L.
Mohanty, Binayak P.
Smith, Kevin A.
TI Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil of the Canadian River
Floodplain in Oklahoma
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID MUNICIPAL LANDFILL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION;
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LEACHATE PLUME; PAHS; ENVIRONMENT; CONTAMINATION;
SEDIMENTS; PROFILES
AB The accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil, plants, and water may impart negative effects on ecosystem and human health. We quantified the concentration and distribution of 41 PAH (n = 32), organic C, total N, and S (n = 140) and investigated PAH sources using a chronosequence of floodplain soils under a natural vegetation succession. Soil samples were collected between 0- and 260-cm depth in bare land (the control), wetland, forest, and grassland areas near a closed municipal landfill and an active asphalt plant (the contaminant sources) in the north bank of the Canadian River near Norman, OK principal component, cluster, and correlation analyses were used to investigate the spacial distribution of PAH, in combination with diagnostic ratios to distinguish pyrogenic vs. petrogenic PAH suites. Total PAH concentration (Sigma PAH) had a mean of 1300 ng g(-1), minimum of 16 ng g(-1), and maximum of 12,000 ng g(-1). At 0- to 20-cm depth, Sigma PAH was 3500 +/- 1600 ng g(-1) (mean +/- 1 SE) near the contaminant sources. The most common Compounds were nonalkylated, high molecular weight PAH of pyrogenic origin, i.e., fluoranthene (17%), pyrene (14%), phenanthrene (9%), benzo(b)fluoranthene (7%), chrysene (6%), and benzo(a)anthracene (5%). Sigma PAH in the control (130 +/- 23 ng g(-1)) was comparable to reported concentrations for the rural Great Plains. Perylene had a unique distribution pattern suggesting biological inputs. The main PAH contamination mechanisms were likely atmospheric deposition due to asphalt production at the 0- to 20-cm depth and past landfill operations at deeper depths.
C1 [Sartori, Fabio] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Wade, Terry L.; Sericano, Jose L.] Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
[Mohanty, Binayak P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dep Biol & Agri Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Smith, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA.
RP Sartori, F (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dep Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM sartori@geo.tamu.edu
RI Wade, Terry/A-4012-2012
FU Department of Geology and Geophysics at Texas AM University
FX The authors thank Jason Masoner from the USGS Oklahoma Water Science
Center in Oklahoma City, OK, for field support; and Lisa McDonald, Donna
Prochaska, Charles Hallmark, and Jennifer McGuire at Texas A&M
University for laboratory assistance. We also appreciate the valuable
revisions of two anonymous reviewers. This research was made possible
through the D.B. Harris postdoctoral fellowship program of the
Department of Geology and Geophysics at Texas A&M University.
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U2 18
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 2
BP 568
EP 579
DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0270
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 566PA
UT WOS:000275383600014
PM 20176830
ER
PT J
AU Maxwell, SK
Meliker, JR
Goovaerts, P
AF Maxwell, Susan K.
Meliker, Jaymie R.
Goovaerts, Pierre
TI Use of land surface remotely sensed satellite and airborne data for
environmental exposure assessment in cancer research
SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE GIS; remote sensing; satellite imagery; exposure assessment; cancer
ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; AGRICULTURAL
PESTICIDE USE; ULTRAVIOLET-B IRRADIANCE; RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE;
BREAST-CANCER; COVER DATASET; HEALTH-RISK; SPACE-TIME; PROXIMITY
AB In recent years, geographic information systems (GIS) have increasingly been used for reconstructing individual-level exposures to environmental contaminants in epidemiological research. Remotely sensed data can be useful in creating space-time models of environmental measures. The primary advantage of using remotely sensed data is that it allows for study at the local scale (e.g., residential level) without requiring expensive, time-consuming monitoring campaigns. The purpose of our study was to identify how land surface remotely sensed data are currently being used to study the relationship between cancer and environmental contaminants, focusing primarily on agricultural chemical exposure assessment applications. We present the results of a comprehensive literature review of epidemiological research where remotely sensed imagery or land cover maps derived from remotely sensed imagery were applied. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of the most commonly used imagery data (aerial photographs and Landsat satellite imagery) and land cover maps. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2010) 20, 176-185; doi: 10.1038/jes.2009.7; published online 25 February 2009
C1 [Maxwell, Susan K.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resource Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Meliker, Jaymie R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Prevent Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Goovaerts, Pierre] BioMedware, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
RP Maxwell, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resource Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM maxwell@usgs.gov
FU BioMedware [HHSN261200700061C]; USGS [03CRCN0001]
FX We thank Carol Deering and Eric Wood for assisting with the library
searches and collecting the literature for this study. This work was
performed under BioMedware contract HHSN261200700061C and USGS contract
03CRCN0001.
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PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1559-0631
EI 1559-064X
J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID
JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 2
BP 176
EP 185
DI 10.1038/jes.2009.7
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 557DQ
UT WOS:000274649700009
PM 19240763
ER
PT J
AU Hartman, KJ
Hom, CD
Mazik, PM
AF Hartman, Kyle J.
Hom, Christopher D.
Mazik, Patricia M.
TI Influence of Elevated Temperature and Acid Mine Drainage on Mortality of
the Crayfish Cambarus bartonii
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAMS; ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; LOW PH; TOLERANCE;
DECAPODA; RESISTANCE; FABRICIUS; ROBUSTUS; VIRILIS
AB Effects of elevated temperature and acid mine drainage (AMD) on crayfish mortality were investigated in the Stony River, Grant County, West Virginia. During summers 2003 and 2004, four-week in situ bioassays were performed along a thermal and AMD gradient with the native crayfish Cambarus bartonii. Crayfish mortality was analyzed in conjunction with temperature and AMD related variables (pH, specific conductivity). Mortality was significantly higher (48-88%) at sites with high temperatures during 2003 (max = 33.0 degrees C), but no significant differences were observed in 2004 (max = 32.0 degrees C). Temperatures were higher in 2003 than 2004 due to increased discharge from a cooling reservoir flowing into the river. Additionally, duration of high temperature was approximately four days in 2003 as compared with only one day in 2004. No significant relationship between acid mine drainage variables and crayfish mortality was apparent.
C1 [Hartman, Kyle J.; Hom, Christopher D.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Mazik, Patricia M.] W Virginia Univ, USGS W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Hartman, KJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
EM hartman@wvu.edu
FU Dominion Environmental, Richmond, Virginia; USGS Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit at West Virginia University
FX We thank C. Hoar and B. Keplinger for assistance in planning and field
and laboratory work. We also thank the Dominion Environmental biologist
crew for cooperation in all phases of this investigation. We thank J.
Strager for graphical assistance. Funding was provided by Dominion
Environmental, Richmond, Virginia and the USGS Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit at West Virginia University. Use of trade names
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PU OIKOS PUBL INC
PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 1
BP 19
EP 30
DI 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664353
PG 12
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 565LH
UT WOS:000275293500003
ER
PT J
AU Gosch, NJC
Stittle, JR
Pope, KL
AF Gosch, Nathan J. C.
Stittle, Jeffrey R.
Pope, Kevin L.
TI Food Habits of Stunted and Non-Stunted White Perch (Morone americana)
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NEBRASKA; WATERS; LAKE
AB We studied food habits of white perch (Morone americana) from two populations with different stable states (stunted [Branched Oak Lake, Nebraska] and non-stunted [Pawnee Lake, Nebraska]) to determine if change in food habits of white perch is likely to occur in situations where a stunted white perch population is altered to a non-stunted state and vice versa. Three approaches were used to quantitatively describe seasonal (spring = March-May, summer = June-August, autumn = September-November) diets of white perch - 1) frequency of occurrence, 2) percentage of composition by volume, and 3) mean stomach fullness. White perch diets were dominated by cladocerans and dipterans in both reservoirs during all seasons. Fish egg predation was similar between reservoirs, and white perch rarely consumed fishes in either the stunted or the non-stunted population. Shifting a white perch population between stunted and non-stunted states will likely cause little or no change in food habits; fish in both states will primarily consume invertebrates.
C1 [Gosch, Nathan J. C.; Stittle, Jeffrey R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
[Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
RP Gosch, NJC (reprint author), Sedalia Off, Missouri Dept Conservat, 2000 S Limit Ave, Sedalia, MO 65301 USA.
EM Nate.Gosch@mdc.mo.gov
RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011
OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University
of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management
Institute
FX We thank L. Pierce, J. Walrath, D. Martin, C. Lewis, and T. Barada for
field and laboratory assistance. M. Pegg and R. Holland provided
valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The Nebraska
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a
cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska
Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute.
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PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 1
BP 31
EP 39
DI 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664354
PG 9
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 565LH
UT WOS:000275293500004
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, JH
Nack, CC
AF Johnson, James H.
Nack, Christopher C.
TI Ontogenetic Variation in Food Consumption of Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes
rusticus) in a Central New York Stream
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHERN WISCONSIN; CAMBARIDAE; DECAPODA
AB We examined feeding periodicity of three size groups of the rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) at four-hour intervals over a 28-hour period during July in a headwater stream of the Susquehanna River drainage in central New York. Feeding activity was expressed as the ratio of stomach weight divided by the crayfish wet weight. The diel food consumption patterns of all three size groups of rusty crayfish (i.e., <= 10 mm, 11-20 mm, and > 20 mm carapace length) were significantly different. Peak feeding of the smallest crayfish occurred during crepuscular periods. Food consumption of the intermediate size crayfish was highest at 2000 h, and feeding of large crayfish was consistently high from 1200 h to 0400 h. Feeding intensity of both small and intermediate size crayfish was highest when feeding intensity of large crayfsh was lowest. Ontogenetic differences in feeding periodicity may be associated with predation pressure from large rusty crayfish on smaller individuals.
C1 [Johnson, James H.; Nack, Christopher C.] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
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PU OIKOS PUBL INC
PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 1
BP 59
EP 64
DI 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664357
PG 6
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 565LH
UT WOS:000275293500007
ER
PT J
AU Honeyfield, DC
Tillitt, DE
Fitzsimons, JD
Brown, SB
AF Honeyfield, Dale C.
Tillitt, Donald E.
Fitzsimons, John D.
Brown, Scott B.
TI Variation in Lake Michigan Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) Thiaminase and
Fatty Acids Composition
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEASONAL ENERGY DYNAMICS; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; FISH; SALMONINES
AB Thiaminase activity of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) is variable across Lake Michigan, yet factors that contribute to the variability in alewife thiaminase activity are unknown. The fatty acid content of Lake Michigan alewife has not been previously reported. Analysis of 53 Lake Michigan alewives found a positive correlation between thiaminase activity and the following fatty acid: C22:1n9, sum of omega-6 fatty acids (Sw6), and sum of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thiaminase activity was negatively correlated with C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, C18:1n9t, C20:30, C22:2, and the sum of all saturated fatty acids (SAFA). Multi-variant regression analysis resulted in three variables (C18: 1n9t, Sw6, SAFA) that explained 71% (R(2)=0.71, P<0.0001) of the variation in thiaminase activity. Because the fatty acid content of an organism is related is food source, diet may be an important factor modulating alewife thiaminase activity. These data suggest there is an association between fatty acids and thiaminase activity in Lake Michigan alewife.
C1 [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA.
[Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
[Fitzsimons, John D.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Brown, Scott B.] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA.
EM honeyfie@usgs.gov
FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust
FX We offer our appreciation and thanks to Lisa Brown, Environment Canada,
Burlington, Ontario, Jim Zajicek, USGS Columbia, Missouri, Connie
Johnson and Stephanie Sweet, USGS Wellsboro, Pennsylvania for their
technical research support. Appreciation is also extended to the Great
Lakes Fishery Trust for its financial support.
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PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 1
BP 65
EP 71
DI 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664358
PG 7
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 565LH
UT WOS:000275293500008
ER
PT J
AU Pope, KL
Wilde, GR
AF Pope, Kevin L.
Wilde, Gene R.
TI Survival of Foul-Hooked Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; RELEASE MORTALITY; HOOKING MORTALITY; ANGLER-CAUGHT;
BLACK BASS; FISH; CIRCLE; TOURNAMENTS; FISHERIES; LOCATION
AB We conducted a field experiment to determine the survival rate of foul-hooked (hooked external to the oral cavity) largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) caught and released by recreational anglers. Of 42 largemouth bass caught with hard-plastic baits containing three treble hooks, 15 were hooked only within the mouth and 27 had at least one hook penetrating the external surface of the fish (i.e., foul-hooked). There was no difference in survival of mouth-hooked (100%), foul-hooked (100%), or control (100%) largemouth bass.
C1 [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Reserach Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68563 USA.
[Wilde, Gene R.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Reserach Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68563 USA.
EM kpope2@unl.edu
RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011
OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University
of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management
Institute
FX We thank Tanya and Malcolm Thomas for providing access to fish at the 04
Ranch and Bass Pro Shops for donating the angling equipment used in this
study. We also thank Christopher Chizinski, D. Bailey Gaines, Francisco
Sanchez and Aaron Urbanczyk for volunteering to fish in our experiment,
Kaylee Baumer for assistance in the field, and Bart Durham, Doug Knabe,
Craig Paukert and Mark Porath for commenting on an earlier draft of this
manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the
author or any U.S. government. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement
among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks
Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute.
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PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 1
BP 135
EP 139
DI 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664366
PG 5
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 565LH
UT WOS:000275293500016
ER
PT J
AU Midway, SR
Aday, DD
Kwak, TJ
Gross, K
AF Midway, S. R.
Aday, D. D.
Kwak, T. J.
Gross, K.
TI Cover Preference of the Carolina Madtom (Noturus furiosus), an
Imperiled, Endemic Southeastern Stream Fish
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB In a laboratory setting, we investigated cover preference of the Carolina madtom (Noturus furiosus), an imperiled, endemic southeastern USA stream fish. Fish were tested individually and given 24 hours to make a selection from four cover options, including rock, leaf pack, mussel shell, and an artificial cover unit. Among 30 trials, Carolina madtom preferred the artificial cover unit, selecting it 63% of the time. Rock was selected 23% of the time, and leaf pack 13%. Mussel shells were not selected during any trial.
C1 [Midway, S. R.; Aday, D. D.; Gross, K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Midway, S. R.; Kwak, T. J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Gross, K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Midway, SR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
EM srm8757@uncw.edu
FU State Wildlife Grant through the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission; North Carolina State University; North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service; Wildlife Management Institute
FX We thank Katie McFadden, Danielle DiIullo, Lindsay Glass, and Ethan Tate
for help with fish collection and laboratory observations. Comments from
the Fisheries Ecology and Aquatic Sciences Lab Group at North Carolina
State University, Nick Haddad, and Joseph Kawatski improved earlier
versions of this manuscript. This project was funded by a State Wildlife
Grant through the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. Any use
of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The North Carolina
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by
North Carolina State University, North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and
Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 5
PU OIKOS PUBL INC
PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 1
BP 151
EP 154
DI 10.1080/02705060.2010.9664368
PG 4
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 565LH
UT WOS:000275293500018
ER
PT J
AU Dobiesz, NE
Hecky, RE
Johnson, TB
Sarvala, J
Dettmers, JM
Lehtiniemi, M
Rudstam, LG
Madenjian, CP
Witte, F
AF Dobiesz, Norine E.
Hecky, Robert E.
Johnson, Timothy B.
Sarvala, Jouko
Dettmers, John M.
Lehtiniemi, Maiju
Rudstam, Lars G.
Madenjian, Charles P.
Witte, Frans
TI Metrics of ecosystem status for large aquatic systems - A global
comparison
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Metrics; Ecosystem health; Laurentian Great Lakes; African Great Lakes;
Lake Baikal; Baltic Sea
ID WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; INTRODUCED
NILE PERCH; LONG-TERM TRENDS; BALTIC SEA; EAST-AFRICA; FOOD-WEB; CENTRAL
BASIN; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS
AB We identified an objective set of 25 commonly available ecosystem metrics applicable across the world's large continental freshwater and brackish aquatic ecosystem. These metrics measure trophic structure, exploited species, habitat alteration, and catchment changes. We used long-term trends in these metrics as indicators of perturbations that represent an ecosystem not in homeostasis. We defined a healthy ecosystem as being in a homeostatic state; therefore, ecosystems with many changing trends were defined as more disturbed than ecosystems with fewer changing trends. Healthy ecosystems (lakes Baikal, Superior, and Tanganyika) were large, deep lakes in relatively unpopulated areas with no signs of eutrophication and no changes to their trophic structure. Disturbed ecosystems (lakes Michigan, Ontario, and Victoria) had shallow to moderately deep basins with high watershed population pressure and intense agricultural and residential land use. Transitioning systems had widely varying trends and faced increasing anthropogenic pressures. Standardized methodologies for capturing data could improve our understanding of the current state of these ecosystems and allow for comparisons of the response of large aquatic ecosystems to local and global stressors thereby providing more reliable insights into future changes in ecosystem health. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dobiesz, Norine E.; Hecky, Robert E.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
[Johnson, Timothy B.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Glenora Fisheries Stn, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada.
[Sarvala, Jouko] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
[Dettmers, John M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Lehtiniemi, Maiju] Ctr Marine Res, Finnish Environm Inst, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
[Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
[Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
[Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Witte, Frans] Inst Biol Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
RP Dobiesz, NE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, 2205 E 5th St,RLB 109, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
EM ndobiesz@d.umn.edu
FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; International joint Commission
FX The post-doctoral research conducted by N. Dobiesz and the workshop were
funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Additional workshop
funding and support was provided by the International joint Commission.
We would like to thank all of the workshop participants and acknowledge
those who do not appear in the author list including Erkki Leppkoski,
Tony Pitcher, Jos Snoeks, Oliva Mkumbo, Ann Krause, Brian Shuter, John
Janssen, and John Gannon. Our thanks also goes to those who contributed
information to build the ecosystem matrices or reviewed the resuiting
matrices including Paul van Zwieten, Thomas Hrabik, Mark Ebener, David
Fielder, James Johnson, Adam Cottrill, and Elena Litchman. Additionally,
we would like to thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments. This
article is Contribution 1553 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center.
NR 188
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U1 2
U2 28
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 1
BP 123
EP 138
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.11.003
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 573BE
UT WOS:000275882600014
ER
PT J
AU Lantry, BF
Walsh, MG
Johnson, JH
McKenna, JE
AF Lantry, Brian F.
Walsh, Maureen G.
Johnson, James H.
McKenna, James E., Jr.
TI Occurrence of the Great Lake's most recent invader, Hemimysis anomala,
in the diet of fishes in southeastern Lake Ontario
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Hemimysis anomala; Invasive species; Great Lakes; Alewife diets
ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; GOBY NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; PONTO-CASPIAN
INVADER; ROUND GOBY; MYSIS-RELICTA; NORTH-AMERICAN; PROFUNDAL ZONE;
FOOD; INTRODUCTIONS; MYSIDACEA
AB The Ponto-Caspian mysid, Hemimysis anomala, was first observed in southeastern Lake Ontario in May 2006. During July and August 2007, gill nets were fished in 6 to 8 m of water at two locations of known Hemimysis colonization in southeastern Lake Ontario to determine if fish that consume macroinvertebrates were beginning to include this new invasive mysid in their diets. Of nine fish species captured in August, September, and October 2007, three species had consumed Hemimysis: alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens); and six species had not: round goby Apollonia melanostoma, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius, gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, white perch Morone americana and log perch Percina caprodes. Diets of alewives from all samples were composed predominantly of Hemimysis (69.6%-100% frequency of occurrence, 46.0%-74.5% dry weight diet composition). Two of 6 rock bass stomachs sampled in August contained :98.9% Hemimysis (10 and 40 individuals each) and one of 61 yellow perch stomachs sampled in September contained 10.0% Hemimysis (6 individuals) and 90.0% fish. While Hemimysis were observed only sparsely in the diet of most nearshore fish, their predominance in alewife diets and their omnivorous feeding behavior indicated that they have the potential to alter energy flow in Great Lakes' foodwebs. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Lantry, Brian F.; Walsh, Maureen G.] USGS, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
[Johnson, James H.; McKenna, James E., Jr.] USGS, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
RP Lantry, BF (reprint author), USGS, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA.
EM bflantry@usgs.gov; mwalsh@usgs.gov; jhjohnson@usgs.gov;
jemckenna@usgs.gov
NR 43
TC 11
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U1 1
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 1
BP 179
EP 183
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.12.002
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 573BE
UT WOS:000275882600020
ER
PT J
AU Wylie, GD
Casazza, ML
Gregory, CJ
Halstead, BJ
AF Wylie, Glenn D.
Casazza, Michael L.
Gregory, Christopher J.
Halstead, Brian J.
TI Abundance and Sexual Size Dimorphism of the Giant Gartersnake
(Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento Valley of California
SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SNAKES
AB The Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) is restricted to wetlands of the Central Valley of California. Because of wetland loss in this region, the Giant Gartersnake is both federally and state listed as threatened. We conducted mark-recapture studies of four populations of the Giant Gartersnake in the Sacramento Valley (northern Central Valley), California, to obtain baseline data on abundance and density to assist in recovery planning for this species. We sampled habitats that ranged from natural, unmanaged marsh to constructed managed marshes and habitats associated with rice agriculture. Giant Gartersnake density in a natural wetland (1.90 individuals/ha) was an order of magnitude greater than in a managed wetland subject to active season drying (0.17 individuals/ha). Sex ratios at all sites were not different from 1 : 1, and females were longer and heavier than males. Females had greater body condition than males, and individuals at the least disturbed sites had significantly greater body condition than individuals at the managed wetland. The few remaining natural wetlands in the Central Valley are important, productive habitat for the Giant Gartersnake, and should be conserved and protected. Wetlands constructed and restored for the Giant Gartersnake should be modeled after the permanent, shallow wetlands representative of historic Giant Gartersnake habitat.
C1 [Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.; Gregory, Christopher J.; Halstead, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95687 USA.
RP Wylie, GD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95687 USA.
EM glenn_wylie@usgs.gov
OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X
NR 27
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 13
PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES
PI ST LOUIS
PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST
LOUIS, MO 63103 USA
SN 0022-1511
EI 1937-2418
J9 J HERPETOL
JI J. Herpetol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 1
BP 94
EP 103
PG 10
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 567ZO
UT WOS:000275489700010
ER
PT J
AU Crowe, DE
Longshore, KM
AF Crowe, Dorothy E.
Longshore, Kathleen M.
TI ESTIMATES OF DENSITY, DETECTION PROBABILITY, AND FACTORS INFLUENCING
DETECTION OF BURROWING OWLS IN THE MOJAVE DESERT
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Western Burrowing Owl; Athene cunicularia hypugaea; California;
detection probability; Mojave Desert; Nevada; survey methods
ID VISIBILITY BIAS; AERIAL SURVEYS; SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; CONSPECIFIC
CALLS; POPULATION TRENDS; BROADCAST SURVEYS; POINT COUNTS; HABITAT USE;
VOCALIZATIONS; SASKATCHEWAN
AB We estimated relative abundance and density of Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) at two sites in the Mojave Desert (2003-04). We made modifications to previously established Burrowing Owl survey techniques for use in desert shrublands and evaluated several factors that might influence the detection of owls. We tested the effectiveness of the call-broadcast technique for surveying this species, the efficiency of this technique at. earl), and late breeding stages, and the effectiveness of various numbers of vocalization intervals during broadcasting sessions. Only 1 (3%) of 31 initial (new) owl responses was detected during passive-listening sessions. We found that surveying early in the nesting season was more likely to produce new owl detections compared to surveying later in the nesting season. New owls detected (hiring each of the three vocalization intervals (each consisting of 30 sec of vocalizations followed by 30 sec of silence) Of Our broadcasting Session were similar (37%, 40%, and 23%; n = 30). We used a combination of detection trials (sighting probability) and double-observer method to estimate the components of detection probability, i.e., availability and perception. Availability for all sites and years, as determined by detection trials, ranged from 46.1%-58.2%. Relative abundance, measured as frequency of occurrence and defined as the proportion of surveys with at least one owl, ranged from 19.2%-32.0% for both sites and years. Density at our eastern Mojave Desert site wits estimated at 0.09 +/- 0.01 (SE) owl territories/km(2) and 0.16 +/- 0.02 (SE) owl territories/km(2) during 2003 and 2004, respectively. In Our southern Mojave Desert site, density estimates were 0.09 +/- 0.02 (SE) owl territories/km(2) and 0.08 +/- 0.02 (SE) owl territories/km(2) during 2004 and 2005, respectively.
C1 [Crowe, Dorothy E.] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Longshore, Kathleen M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
RP Crowe, DE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
EM longshore@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Marine Corps at the Twentynine Palms Marine
Corps Air Ground Combat Center, California
FX Funding and logistical support for this work was provided by the U.S.
Geological Survey and U.S. Marine Corps at the Twentynine Palms Marine
Corps Air Ground Combat Center, California. We wish to thank the Natural
Resources staff at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, particularly M.
Sappington and S. Crowe. Support was generously provided by Natural
Resources and Environmental Affairs personnel at MCAGCC, especially R.
Evans, B. Husung and L Busch. We thank J. Barangan, H. Sellers, J.
Provencal, and A. Bedlion for dedicated field assistance during this
project. D. Andersen, J. Yee, and two anonymous reviewers provided
valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. The use of
trade, product, Or firm names in this publication is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 56
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U1 1
U2 10
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
EI 2162-4569
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 1
BP 1
EP 11
DI 10.3356/JRR-08-40.1
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 571OM
UT WOS:000275763600001
ER
PT J
AU Briggs, CW
Woodbridge, B
Collopy, MW
AF Briggs, Christopher W.
Woodbridge, Brian
Collopy, Michael W.
TI TEMPORAL MORPH INVARIANCE OF SWAINSON'S HAWKS
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Letter
DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; morph; plumage
ID APOSTATIC SELECTION; POLYMORPHISM; BIRDS; EVOLUTION; COLORATION; BUTEO;
OWL
C1 [Briggs, Christopher W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Woodbridge, Brian] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka, CA 96097 USA.
[Collopy, Michael W.] Univ Nevada, Acad Environm, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Briggs, CW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM briggsc4@unr.nevada.edu
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 5
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 1
BP 70
EP 73
DI 10.3356/JRR-09-06.1
PG 4
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 571OM
UT WOS:000275763600009
ER
PT J
AU Igl, LD
Peterson, SL
AF Igl, Lawrence D.
Peterson, Stephen L.
TI REPEATED USE OF AN ABANDONED VEHICLE BY NESTING TURKEY VULTURES
(CATHARTES AURA)
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Letter
DE Turkey Vulture; Cathartes aura; abandoned vehicle; nest site
C1 [Igl, Lawrence D.; Peterson, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Igl, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM ligl@usgs.gov
OI Igl, Lawrence/0000-0003-0530-7266
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 9
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 1
BP 73
EP 75
DI 10.3356/JRR-09-02.1
PG 3
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 571OM
UT WOS:000275763600010
ER
PT J
AU Hughes, T
Irwin, P
Hofmeister, E
Paskewitz, SM
AF Hughes, Tony
Irwin, Patrick
Hofmeister, Erik
Paskewitz, Susan M.
TI OCCURRENCE OF AVIAN PLASMODIUM AND WEST NILE VIRUS IN CULEX SPECIES IN
WISCONSIN
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Plasmodium; avian malaria; West Nile virus; arbovirus; Culex;
Haemoproteus; Leucocytozoon
ID INFECTION-RATES; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; BRIDGE VECTOR; MOSQUITOS;
TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; FIELD; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION
AB The occurrence of multiple pathogens in mosquitoes and birds could affect the dynamics of disease transmission. We collected adult Culex pipiens and Cx. restuans (Cx. pipiens/restuans hereafter) from sites in Wisconsin and tested them for West Nile virus (WNV) and for avian malaria (Plasmodium). Gravid Cx. pipiens/restuans were tested for WNV using a commercial immunoassay, the RAMP WNV test, and positive results were verified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. There were 2 WNV-positive pools of Cx. pipiens/restuans in 2006 and 1 in 2007. Using a bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimation, the WNV infection rate for Cx. pipiens/restuans was 5.48/1,000 mosquitoes in 2006 and 1.08/1,000 mosquitoes in 2007. Gravid Cx. pipiens. or Cx. restuans were tested individually for avian Plasmodium by a restriction enzyme based assay. Twelve mosquitoes were positive for avian Plasmodium (10.0%), 2 were positive for Haemoproteus, and 3 were positive for Leucocytozoon. There were 4 mixed infections, with mosquitoes positive for >1 of the hemosporidian parasites. This work documents a high rate of hemosporidian infection in Culex spp. and illustrates the potential for co-infections with other arboviruses in bird-feeding mosquitoes and their avian hosts. In addition, hemosporidian infection rates may be a useful tool for investigating the ecological dynamics of Cu/ex/avian interactions.
C1 [Hughes, Tony; Irwin, Patrick; Paskewitz, Susan M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 237, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Hofmeister, Erik] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
RP Paskewitz, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 237, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
FU United States Navy Medical Entomology Program; USDA Hatch
FX We thank Olga Andreeva and Beth Schadd for outstanding lab support, John
Hausbeck at the Madison Department of Public Health for surveillance
collaboration, Melissa Lund at the US Geological Survey National
Wildlife Health Center for RAMP/molecular diagnostic help, Jennifer
Meece at the Marshfield Clinic and Kirk Johnson at Minnesota Metro
Mosquito Control District for their gifts of WNV and infected mosquito
homogenates, and Roger Nasci and Kristine Burkhalter at CDC for
consultation on WNV PCR protocols. This work was supported by the United
States Navy Medical Entomology Program and by a USDA Hatch grant.
NR 39
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U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC
PI EATONTOWN
PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA
SN 8756-971X
J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR
JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 1
BP 24
EP 31
DI 10.2987/09-5893.1
PG 8
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA 577NK
UT WOS:000276230200004
PM 20402347
ER
PT J
AU Polgari, M
Hein, JR
Toth, M
Brukner-Wein, A
Vigh, T
Biro, L
Cserhati, C
AF Polgari, M.
Hein, J. R.
Toth, M.
Brukner-Wein, A.
Vigh, T.
Biro, L.
Cserhati, C.
TI Genesis of a regionally widespread celadonitic chert-ironstone bed
overlying Upper Lias manganese deposits, Hungary
SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOLOGICALLY MEDIATED DISSOLUTION; ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; VOLCANIC GLASS;
ORIGIN; ENVIRONMENTS; SEDIMENTARY; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; BACTERIAL;
HEMATITE
AB Mineralogy and chemical composition are presented for a chert-ironstone bed that overlies the Urkut Mn deposit. This bed is mottled green-brown in its lower and upper parts, which are composed of quartz, goethite and celadonite. These parts of the bed are interpreted to be strongly altered tuffs, reflecting oxidic, low-temperature alteration of a hydrated, Fe-rich, Al-poor tuff, and K and Mg uptake from seawater. The middle part of the bed is a mineralized bacterial mat ( quartz, goethite). Textures resembling bacterial cells and colonies are common, with wavy, bulbous laminations composed of mounds overlying a mesh-work stromatolite-like texture constructed of micrometre-size Fe oxides. This bed is concordant with the underlying Mn deposit and marks the termination of Mn accumulation. Although no genetic connection exists between the two, the rocks adjacent to the contact record the oceanographic and bottom-water conditions extant when accumulation of one of the major Mn deposits of Europe ended, when the Transdanubian Range was located in the middle of the Adria-Apulian microcontinent between the Neotethys and Atlantic-Ligurian seaways. A pyroclastic origin for part of the bed has significance for the Toarcian of Central Europe because evidence of volcanism occurring at that time is otherwise sparse.
C1 [Polgari, M.; Toth, M.; Brukner-Wein, A.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Geochem Res, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary.
[Hein, J. R.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Vigh, T.] Mangan Ltd, H-8409 Urkut, Hungary.
[Biro, L.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Appl & Environm Geol, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
[Cserhati, C.] Univ Debrecen, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Solid State Phys, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
RP Polgari, M (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Geochem Res, Budaorsi Ut 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary.
EM rodokrozit@gmail.com
RI Cserhati, Csaba/A-9544-2013
FU Hungarian Science Foundation [K 68992]; [OMFB-01680/2006]
FX We are grateful to T. Nemeth for XRD investigation and comments, A.
Muller for technical assistance, and the anonymous reviewers, who
provided contributions and comments that greatly improved this paper.
The study was supported by the Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA-NKTH
No. K 68992), and M. Polgari acknowledges her grant (OMFB-01680/2006).
NR 66
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Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
ENGLAND
SN 0016-7649
J9 J GEOL SOC LONDON
JI J. Geol. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 167
IS 2
BP 313
EP 328
DI 10.1144/0016-76492008-132
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 571AU
UT WOS:000275721900009
ER
PT J
AU Aumen, NG
Gurtz, ME
Barbour, MT
Moerke, A
AF Aumen, Nicholas G.
Gurtz, Martin E.
Barbour, Michael T.
Moerke, Ashley
TI BRIDGES: evolution of basic and applied linkages in benthic science
SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE BRIDGES articles; J-NABS; applied science; basic science; bioassessment;
monitoring
ID FIXED-COUNT METHOD; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT;
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; STREAMS;
MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIOASSESSMENT; CRITERIA
AB Growing awareness of environmental degradation resulted in stricter environmental regulations and laws for aquatic ecosystems These regulations were followed by an increase in applied research and monitoring beginning in the early 1970s The number of applied scientists who were members of the North American Benthological Society grew at a commensurate rate The editors of I-NABS recognized that, despite these increases, submitted manuscripts mostly addressed basic science. In response, the BRIDGES section of J-NABS was created in 1994 to provide a forum for linking basic ecological principles to applied science problems and issues We examined the emergence of applied science topics in J-NABS and its predecessor, Freshwater Invertebrate Biology, from their beginning in 1982 to 2009 We classified papers among 11 categories that included a basic/applied science linkage In the 1980s, applied papers were predominantly on effects of eutrophication/pollution and landuse changes When BRIDGES was established in 1994, papers were solicited by editors and BRIDGES sections usually Included >1 paper on a common theme to express complementary or alternate viewpoints Forty-two papers appeared in BRIDGES between 1994 and 2009, but the number per Issue declined after 2001 The total number of applied science papers in I-NABS has increased since 1994. Citation analysis of BRIDGES papers illustrates how information is being cited, but applied papers often are used in ways that might not lead to cititions. BRIDGES transitioned to a new format in September 2009 to address new types of complex, multifaceted linkages All new BRIDGES articles will be open access, and authors will be encouraged to produce lay-language fact sheets and to post them on the web
C1 [Aumen, Nicholas G.] ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Everglades Natl Pk, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA.
[Gurtz, Martin E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Barbour, Michael T.] Tetra Tech, Ctr Ecol Sci, Owings Mills, MD 21117 USA.
[Moerke, Ashley] Lake Super State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sault Ste Marie, ON 49783, Canada.
RP Aumen, NG (reprint author), ARM Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Everglades Natl Pk, 10218 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33473 USA.
NR 57
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Z9 2
U1 1
U2 10
PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0887-3593
J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC
JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 1
BP 359
EP 371
DI 10.1899/08-031.1
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 562BJ
UT WOS:000275023500019
ER
PT J
AU Lorch, JM
Gargas, A
Meteyer, CU
Berlowski-Zier, BM
Green, DE
Shearn-Bochsler, V
Thomas, NJ
Blehert, DS
AF Lorch, Jeffrey M.
Gargas, Andrea
Meteyer, Carol Upholf
Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M.
Green, D. Earl
Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie
Thomas, Nancy J.
Blehert, David S.
TI Rapid polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of white-nose syndrome in bats
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Bats; Geomyces destructans; polymerase chain reaction; white-nose
syndrome
ID SSU RDNA; PCR; BLOOD; ASPERGILLOSIS; BIODIVERSITY; PROTOCOLS; KERATITIS;
DISEASE; UPDATE; MODEL
AB A newly developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to rapidly and specifically detect Geomyces destructans on the wings of infected bats from small quantities (1-2 mg) of tissue is described in the current study (methods for culturing and isolating G. destructans from bat skin are also described). The lower limits of detection for PCR were 5 fg of purified fungal DNA or 100 conidia per 2 mg of wing tissue. By using histology as the standard, the PCR had a diagnostic specificity of 100% and a diagnostic sensitivity of 96%, whereas the diagnostic sensitivity of culture techniques was only 54%. The accuracy and fast turnaround time of PCR provides field biologists with valuable information on infection status more rapidly than traditional methods, and the small amount of tissue required for the test would allow diagnosis of white-nose syndrome in live animals.
C1 [Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Meteyer, Carol Upholf; Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M.; Green, D. Earl; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie; Thomas, Nancy J.; Blehert, David S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Lorch, Jeffrey M.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Med Sci Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Gargas, Andrea] Symbiology LLC, Middleton, WI USA.
RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM dblehert@usgs.gov
RI Gargas, Andrea/T-1028-2016;
OI Gargas, Andrea/0000-0002-6586-047X; Lorch, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2239-1252
FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [501819H057]
FX The authors thank P. Cryan (USGS) and H. Ip (USGS) for providing
thoughtful reviews of the manuscript, numerous U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service personnel and state biologists for collecting and submitting bat
carcasses, and A. Ballman (USGS) and K. Schuler (USGS) for coordinating
sample collections. The authors also thank D. Berndt (USGS) for
assisting with histology. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological
Survey and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (intergovernmental
agreement 501819H057). Use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government. Andrea Gargas and Carol Uphoff Meteyer contributed equally
to this study.
NR 24
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 16
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI TURLOCK
PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 2
BP 224
EP 230
PG 7
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 571FG
UT WOS:000275736400008
PM 20224080
ER
PT J
AU Bushon, R
Kephart, CM
Koltun, GF
Francy, D
Schaefer, FW
Lindquist, HDA
AF Bushon, R. N.
Kephart, C. M.
Koltun, G. F.
Francy, D. S.
Schaefer, F. W., III
Lindquist, H. D. Alan
TI Statistical assessment of DNA extraction reagent lot variability in
real-time quantitative PCR
SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE analytical; rapid methods; Bacillus; polymerase chain reaction; rapid
methods; water
ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; WATER SAMPLES; QUANTIFICATION
AB Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability in lots of a DNA extraction kit using real-time PCR assays for Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis and Vibrio cholerae.
Methods and Results:
Replicate aliquots of three bacteria were processed in duplicate with three different lots of a commercial DNA extraction kit. This experiment was repeated in triplicate. Results showed that cycle threshold values were statistically different among the different lots.
Conclusions:
Differences in DNA extraction reagent lots were found to be a significant source of variability for qPCR results. Steps should be taken to ensure the quality and consistency of reagents. Minimally, we propose that standard curves should be constructed for each new lot of extraction reagents, so that lot-to-lot variation is accounted for in data interpretation.
Significance and Impact of the Study:
This study highlights the importance of evaluating variability in DNA extraction procedures, especially when different reagent lots are used. Consideration of this variability in data interpretation should be an integral part of studies investigating environmental samples with unknown concentrations of organisms.
C1 [Bushon, R. N.; Kephart, C. M.; Koltun, G. F.; Francy, D. S.] US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Ohio Water Microbiol Lab, Columbus, OH 43229 USA.
[Schaefer, F. W., III; Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Bushon, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ohio Water Sci Ctr, Ohio Water Microbiol Lab, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA.
EM rnbushon@usgs.gov
NR 18
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0266-8254
J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL
JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 3
BP 276
EP 282
DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02788.x
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 553TJ
UT WOS:000274389400007
PM 20070509
ER
PT J
AU Weisberg, MK
Smith, C
Benedix, G
Herd, CDK
Righter, K
Haack, H
Yamaguchi, A
Aoudjehane, HC
Grossman, JN
AF Weisberg, Michael K.
Smith, Caroline
Benedix, Gretchen
Herd, Christopher D. K.
Righter, Kevin
Haack, Henning
Yamaguchi, Akira
Aoudjehane, Hasnaa Chennaoui
Grossman, Jeffrey N.
TI The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 97
SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB In this edition of The Meteoritical Bulletin, a total of 506 newly approved meteorite names with their relevant data are reported. These include 354 from northwest Africa, 31 from the Americas, 15 from Antarctica (Koreamet), 85 from Asia, 20 from Australia, and 1 from Europe. Among these meteorites are 2 falls, Grimsby (Canada) and Santa Lucia (2008) (Argentina). Also described are a CM with low degree of alteration, new ungrouped chondrites and achondrites, and 4 Martian meteorites.
C1 [Weisberg, Michael K.] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA.
[Weisberg, Michael K.] CUNY, Grad Sch, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA.
[Weisberg, Michael K.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA.
[Smith, Caroline; Benedix, Gretchen] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England.
[Smith, Caroline] Univ Glasgow, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
[Herd, Christopher D. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
[Righter, Kevin] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Code KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Haack, Henning] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
[Yamaguchi, Akira] Natl Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Tokyo 1908518, Japan.
[Aoudjehane, Hasnaa Chennaoui] Univ Hassan II Casablanca, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Casablanca, Morocco.
[Grossman, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Weisberg, MK (reprint author), CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, 2001 Oriental Blvd, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA.
EM meteorite@kingsborough.edu
RI Haack, Henning/A-4807-2013;
OI Haack, Henning/0000-0002-4618-3178; Benedix,
Gretchen/0000-0003-0990-8878
NR 1
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1086-9379
J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI
JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 3
BP 449
EP 493
DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01036.x
PG 45
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 625OM
UT WOS:000279904700009
ER
PT J
AU Goetz, F
Rosauer, D
Sitar, S
Goetz, G
Simchick, C
Roberts, S
Johnson, R
Murphy, C
Bronte, CR
Mackenzie, S
AF Goetz, Frederick
Rosauer, Daniel
Sitar, Shawn
Goetz, Giles
Simchick, Crystal
Roberts, Steven
Johnson, Ronald
Murphy, Cheryl
Bronte, Charles R.
Mackenzie, Simon
TI A genetic basis for the phenotypic differentiation between siscowet and
lean lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake Superior; lake trout; lean; phenotypic differentiation;
pyrosequencing; siscowet; transcriptomics
ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-II; NORMAL ARCTIC CHARR; GREAT-BEAR-LAKE;
INSULIN-RESISTANCE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; SYMPATRIC MORPHS; SPECIES
PAIRS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FATTY-ACIDS; SUPERIOR
AB In Lake Superior there are three principal forms of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): lean, siscowet and humper. Wild lean and siscowet differ in the shape and relative size of the head, size of the fins, location and size of the eyes, caudal peduncle shape and lipid content of the musculature. To investigate the basis for these phenotypic differences, lean and siscowet lake trout, derived from gametes of wild populations in Lake Superior, were reared communally under identical environmental conditions for 2.5 years. Fish were analysed for growth, morphometry and lipid content, and differences in liver transcriptomics were investigated using Roche 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing. The results demonstrate that key phenotypic differences between wild lean and siscowet lake trout such as condition factor, morphometry and lipid levels, persist in these two forms when reared in the laboratory under identical environmental conditions. This strongly suggests that these differences are genetic and not a result of environmental plasticity. Transcriptomic analysis involving the comparison of hepatic gene frequencies (RNA-seq) and expression (quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)) between the two lake trout forms, indicated two primary gene groups that were differentially expressed; those involving lipid synthesis, metabolism and transport (acyl-CoA desaturase, acyl-CoA binding protein, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and apolipoproteins), and those involved with immunity (complement component C3, proteasome, FK506 binding protein 5 and C1q proteins). The results demonstrate that RNA-seq can be used to identify differentially expressed genes; however, some discrepancies between RNA-seq analysis and qPCR indicate that methods for deep sequencing may need to be refined and/or different RNA-seq platforms utilized.
C1 [Goetz, Frederick; Rosauer, Daniel; Goetz, Giles; Simchick, Crystal] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA.
[Sitar, Shawn] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA.
[Roberts, Steven] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Johnson, Ronald] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Murphy, Cheryl] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservt Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA.
[Mackenzie, Simon] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Biol Cellular Fisiol & Immunol, Unitat Fisiol Anim, Fac Biociencies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
RP Goetz, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA.
EM rick@uwm.edu
RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010;
OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Roberts,
Steven/0000-0001-8302-1138; Mackenzie, Simon/0000-0003-1845-6826
NR 90
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U1 1
U2 70
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0962-1083
EI 1365-294X
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 19
SU 1
BP 176
EP 196
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04481.x
PG 21
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 570BD
UT WOS:000275645700015
PM 20331779
ER
PT J
AU Hunter, MK
Broderick, D
Ovenden, JR
Tucker, KP
Bonde, RK
McGuire, PM
Lanyon, JM
AF Hunter, Margaret Kellogg
Broderick, Damien
Ovenden, Jennifer R.
Tucker, Kimberly Pause
Bonde, Robert K.
McGuire, Peter M.
Lanyon, Janet M.
TI Characterization of highly informative cross-species microsatellite
panels for the Australian dugong (Dugong dugon) and Florida manatee
(Trichechus manatus latirostris) including five novel primers
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE cross-species amplification; dugong; Dugong dugon; manatee;
microsatellite primer; Trichechus manatus latirostris
ID DNA MARKERS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; PROGRAM; ABUNDANCE;
PATERNITY; PATTERNS; SUCCESS; LOCI; BAY
AB The Australian dugong (Dugong dugon) and Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) are threatened species of aquatic mammals in the order Sirenia. Sirenian conservation and management actions would benefit from a more complete understanding of genetic diversity and population structure. Generally, species-specific microsatellite markers are employed in conservation genetic studies; however, robust markers can be difficult and costly to isolate. To increase the number of available markers, dugong and manatee microsatellite primers were evaluated for cross-species amplification. Furthermore, one manatee and four dugong novel primers are reported. After polymerase chain reaction optimization, 23 (92%) manatee primers successfully amplified dugong DNA, of which 11 (48%) were polymorphic. Of the 32 dugong primers tested, 27 (84%) yielded product in the manatee, of which 17 (63%) were polymorphic. Dugong and manatee primers were compared and the most informative markers were selected to create robust and informative marker-panels for each species. These cross-species microsatellite marker-panels can be employed to assess other sirenian populations and can provide beneficial information for the protection and management of these unique mammals.
C1 [Hunter, Margaret Kellogg; Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
[Hunter, Margaret Kellogg; Bonde, Robert K.; McGuire, Peter M.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
[Broderick, Damien; Ovenden, Jennifer R.] Univ Queensland, Mol Fisheries Lab, Queensland Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Tucker, Kimberly Pause] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Lanyon, Janet M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
RP Hunter, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sirenia Project, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
EM mkellogg@usgs.gov
RI broderick, damien/E-9999-2010; Ovenden, Jennifer/A-3717-2010;
OI Tucker, Kimberly/0000-0002-5271-3315; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376
FU Winifred Violet Scott Foundation; U.S. Geological Survey; University of
Florida College of Veterinary Medicine
FX Dugong samples were collected by the University of Queensland Dugong
Team under Scientific Purposes Permit no. WISP01660304, Moreton Bay
Marine Park Permit no. QS2004 /CVL228 and University of Queensland
Animal Ethics no. ZOO/ENT/344/04/NSF/CRL. Funding to screen manatee
tissue against dugong primers was provided by the Winifred Violet Scott
Foundation to J.M.L. Funding was provided to M. K. H. by the U.S.
Geological Survey and the University of Florida College of Veterinary
Medicine Marine Animal Health Program. Manatee samples were collected
and provided by the USGS, under the USFWS Wildlife Research Permit
MA791721. The authors would like to thank Coralie Nourisson for the
TmlH23 primer sequence. Use of trade, product or firm names does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 48
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U1 3
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1755-098X
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 2
BP 368
EP 377
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02761.x
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 552WQ
UT WOS:000274325400014
PM 21565032
ER
PT J
AU Zielinski, WJ
Hunter, JE
Hamlin, R
Slauson, KM
Mazurek, MJ
AF Zielinski, William J.
Hunter, John E.
Hamlin, Robin
Slauson, Keith M.
Mazurek, M. J.
TI Habitat Characteristics at Den Sites of the Point Arena Mountain Beaver
(Aplodontia rufa nigra)
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID PRIMITIVE RODENT; SELECTION; EFFICACY
AB The Point Arena mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa nigra) is a federally listed endangered species, but has been the subject of few studies. Mountain beavers use burrows that include a single subterranean den. Foremost among the information needs for this subspecies is a description of the above-ground habitat features associated with dens. Using telemetry we located dens of 23 individuals in Manchester State Park, Mendocino County, California. We measured vegetation and topographic variables directly above the dens and at two available sites within the same burrow system. Alternative resource selection functions, based on multivariate expressions of important ecological characteristics, were developed to model features associated with dens. The best model contained three variables: MEANDENS (mean vegetation density), PAMBTOP4 (cover of the four plant species most frequently used), and COSASPECT (cosine aspect). Interestingly, PAMBTOP4 was negatively associated with dens, indicating that dens were not chosen for their proximity to important plant species. Topography plays an important role in that western and northern aspects were favored and SLOPE was included in the second-highest ranked model. Cross validation indicated moderate stability for the top model suggesting that potentially important predictors that were excluded from the analysis (e.g., soil characteristics, social context) may be influential. Nonetheless, we demonstrated that dense vegetation and aspect/slope considerations are more important predictors of Point Arena mountain beaver den selection than proximity to cover of important plant species. Our results apply to Point Arena mountain beaver populations in coastal shrub communities; den selection may be different farther inland, in forests.
C1 [Zielinski, William J.; Slauson, Keith M.; Mazurek, M. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Hunter, John E.; Hamlin, Robin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDI, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us
FU USDI Fish and Wildlife Service; Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office; USDA
Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station
FX This project was funded by the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata
Fish and Wildlife Office and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest
Research Station. We thank Kim Fitts of BioConsultant LLC for sharing
her knowledge and insight about Point Arena mountain beaver ecology.
Renee Pasquinelli of the California Department of Parks and Recreation
facilitated access to Manchester State Park and provided other
logistical support. Peter Warner of the California Department of Parks
and Recreation assisted with plant identification. Amedee Brickey of the
USDI Fish and Wildlife Service also provided support. Dale Nolte and
Wendy Arjo of the USDA National Wildlife Research Center generously
shared their time and expertise in training us to capture and handle
mountain beavers. Lowell Diller and Keith Hamm of Green Diamond Resource
Company facilitated pilot studies on the northern California subspecies
of mountain beaver. We thank Janet Werren and Kaytee Redfern for help
with tables and the figure.
NR 52
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 24
PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV
PI PULLMAN
PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SPR
PY 2010
VL 84
IS 2
BP 119
EP 130
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 604FD
UT WOS:000278261800001
ER
PT J
AU Haines, AM
Leu, M
Svancara, LK
Wilson, G
Scott, JM
AF Haines, Aaron M.
Leu, Matthias
Svancara, Leona K.
Wilson, Gina
Scott, J. Michael
TI Using a Distribution and Conservation Status Weighted Hotspot Approach
to Identify Areas in Need of Conservation Action to Benefit Idaho Bird
Species
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; NATURE-RESERVES; RICHNESS; AMERICA
AB Identification of biodiversity hotspots (hereafter, hotspots) has become a common strategy to delineate important areas for wildlife conservation. However, the use of hotspots has not often incorporated important habitat types, ecosystem services, anthropogenic activity, or consistency in identifying important conservation areas. The purpose of this study was to identify hotspots to improve avian conservation efforts for Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) in the state of Idaho, United States. We evaluated multiple approaches to define hotspots and used a unique approach based on weighting species by their distribution size and conservation status to identify hotspot areas. All hotspot approaches identified bodies of water (Bear Lake, Grays Lake, and American Falls Reservoir) as important hotspots for Idaho avian SGCN, but we found that the weighted approach produced more congruent hotspot areas when compared to other hotspot approaches. To incorporate anthropogenic activity into hotspot analysis, we grouped species based on their sensitivity to specific human threats (i.e., urban development, agriculture, fire suppression, grazing, roads, and logging) and identified ecological sections within Idaho that may require specific conservation actions to address these human threats using the weighted approach. The Snake River Basalts and Overthrust Mountains ecological sections were important areas for potential implementation of conservation actions to conserve biodiversity. Our approach to identifying hotspots may be useful as part of a larger conservation strategy to aid land managers or local governments in applying conservation actions on the ground.
C1 [Haines, Aaron M.] Upper Iowa Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, IA 52142 USA.
[Leu, Matthias] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
[Svancara, Leona K.] Idaho Nat Heritage Program, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Wilson, Gina] Univ Idaho, Landscape Dynam Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Haines, AM (reprint author), Upper Iowa Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, IA 52142 USA.
EM hainesa@uiu.edu
FU Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Center for Research on Invasive
Species and Small Populations
FX Funds and support for this project were provided by Idaho Department of
Fish and Game and the Center for Research on Invasive Species and Small
Populations. We specifically recognize the support of Jon Beals and Rex
Sallabanks from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. We thank John
Fleckenstein, Richard Camp, Gary Beauvais, Kern Vierling, Lee Vierling,
and Sebastian Martinuzzi for their comments on this manuscript.
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 10
PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV
PI PULLMAN
PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SPR
PY 2010
VL 84
IS 2
BP 170
EP 182
PG 13
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 604FD
UT WOS:000278261800006
ER
PT J
AU Willson, SJ
Wilzbach, MA
Malakauskas, DM
Cummins, KW
AF Willson, Sarah J.
Wilzbach, Margaret A.
Malakauskas, David M.
Cummins, Kenneth W.
TI Lab Rearing of a Freshwater Polychaete (Manayunkia speciosa, Sabellidae)
Host for Salmon Pathogens
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-AMERICAN DISTRIBUTION; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; KLAMATH RIVER;
LIFE-CYCLE; PARASITE; ANNELIDA; FABRICIA; LAKE
AB The freshwater polychaete Manayunkia speciosa serves as the obligate intermediate host for the myxosporean parasites Ceratomyxa shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis, which adversely affect the survival and freshwater production of juvenile salmon in the Klamath River and elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest USA. Scant information on the life history of the polychaete and inability to maintain individuals in culture has hindered development of management strategies to control disease outbreaks in Klamath River salmon. Through trial-and error- manipulations of food and water sources, culture environments and water velocities, we established conditions that allowed us to maintain M. speciosa in culture over a 10-mo period. In lab culture, eggs and young were brooded within the maternal tube for a 6-8 wk period during which 5 developmental stages were distinguished. Peak egg production occurred in late spring-early summer, with each female brooding up to 35 offspring. Juveniles left the maternal tube at a length of approximately 1 mm, and became reproductively mature in late December to early January at a length of approximately 2 mm. Duration of survival in lab culture, coupled with the absence of adult polychaetes in preserved river samples that were collected in mid-summer, suggests that M. speciosa has an approximately annual generation time.
C1 [Wilzbach, Margaret A.; Cummins, Kenneth W.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Willson, Sarah J.; Malakauskas, David M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Wilzbach, MA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM wilzbach@humboldt.edu
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We thank M. Yost and M. Meaders for field and lab assistance, and J.
Bartholomew and R. Stocking for guidance on sampling locations. Any use
of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was funded
by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 6
PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV
PI PULLMAN
PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD SPR
PY 2010
VL 84
IS 2
BP 183
EP 191
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 604FD
UT WOS:000278261800007
ER
PT J
AU McNutt, M
AF McNutt, Marcia
TI Special issue on Mountains in the Sea - Foreword
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Washington, DC 20242 USA.
RP McNutt, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Washington, DC 20242 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 1
SI SI
BP 16
EP 17
PG 2
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 567VE
UT WOS:000275474000006
ER
PT J
AU Clague, D
Lundsten, L
Hein, J
Paduan, J
Davis, A
AF Clague, David
Lundsten, Lonny
Hein, James
Paduan, Jennifer
Davis, Alice
TI Davidson Seamount
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Clague, David; Lundsten, Lonny; Paduan, Jennifer; Davis, Alice] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
[Hein, James] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Clague, D (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
EM clague@mbari.org
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 6
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 1
SI SI
BP 126
EP 126
PG 1
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 567VE
UT WOS:000275474000025
ER
PT J
AU Hein, JR
Conrad, TA
Staudigel, H
AF Hein, James R.
Conrad, Tracey A.
Staudigel, Hubert
TI SEAMOUNT MINERAL DEPOSITS A SOURCE OF RARE METALS FOR HIGH-TECHNOLOGY
INDUSTRIES
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID RICH FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; PACIFIC; MODEL; ARC
AB The near exponential growth in Earth's Population and the global economy puts increasing constraints on our planets finite Supply of natural metal resources, and, consequently, there is an increasing need for new sources to supply high-tech industries. To date, effectively all of our raw-metal resources are produced at land-based sites. Except for nearshore placer deposits, the marine environment has been largely excluded from metal mining due to technological difficulties, even though it covers more than 70% of the planet. The case can be made that deep-water seabed mining is inevitable in the future, owing to the critical and strategic metal needs for human society. In this paper, we evaluate the case that seamounts offer significant potential for mining.
C1 [Hein, James R.; Conrad, Tracey A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Staudigel, Hubert] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jhein@usgs.gov
NR 22
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 17
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 1
SI SI
BP 184
EP 189
PG 6
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 567VE
UT WOS:000275474000038
ER
PT J
AU Bunnell, DB
Adams, JV
Gorman, OT
Madenjian, CP
Riley, SC
Roseman, EF
Schaeffer, JS
AF Bunnell, David B.
Adams, Jean V.
Gorman, Owen T.
Madenjian, Charles P.
Riley, Stephen C.
Roseman, Edward F.
Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.
TI Population synchrony of a native fish across three Laurentian Great
Lakes: evaluating the effects of dispersal and climate
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Moran effect; Population fluctuation; Spatial synchrony; Fish; Dispersal
ID SPATIAL SYNCHRONY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GEOGRAPHICAL SYNCHRONY;
FOOD-WEB; DYNAMICS; MICHIGAN; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; SUPERIOR; TROUT
AB Climate and dispersal are the two most commonly cited mechanisms to explain spatial synchrony among time series of animal populations, and climate is typically most important for fishes. Using data from 1978-2006, we quantified the spatial synchrony in recruitment and population catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for bloater (Coregonus hoyi) populations across lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron. In this natural field experiment, climate was highly synchronous across lakes but the likelihood of dispersal between lakes differed. When data from all lakes were pooled, modified correlograms revealed spatial synchrony to occur up to 800 km for long-term (data not detrended) trends and up to 600 km for short-term (data detrended by the annual rate of change) trends. This large spatial synchrony more than doubles the scale previously observed in freshwater fish populations, and exceeds the scale found in most marine or estuarine populations. When analyzing the data separately for within- and between-lake pairs, spatial synchrony was always observed within lakes, up to 400 or 600 km. Conversely, between-lake synchrony did not occur among short-term trends, and for long-term trends, the scale of synchrony was highly variable. For recruit CPUE, synchrony occurred up to 600 km between both lakes Michigan and Huron (where dispersal was most likely) and lakes Michigan and Superior (where dispersal was least likely), but failed to occur between lakes Huron and Superior (where dispersal likelihood was intermediate). When considering the scale of putative bloater dispersal and genetic information from previous studies, we concluded that dispersal was likely underlying within-lake synchrony but climate was more likely underlying between-lake synchrony. The broad scale of synchrony in Great Lakes bloater populations increases their probability of extirpation, a timely message for fishery managers given current low levels of bloater abundance.
C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Adams, Jean V.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Riley, Stephen C.; Roseman, Edward F.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Gorman, Owen T.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM dbunnell@usgs.gov
RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013;
OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747
NR 53
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 5
U2 31
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 162
IS 3
BP 641
EP 651
DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1487-6
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 555NF
UT WOS:000274518000011
PM 19888603
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, RR
Fricke, HC
Addona, V
Canavan, RR
Dwyer, CN
Harwood, CL
Koenig, AE
Murray, R
Thole, JT
Williams, J
AF Rogers, Raymond R.
Fricke, Henry C.
Addona, Vittorio
Canavan, Robin R.
Dwyer, Christopher N.
Harwood, Cara L.
Koenig, Alan E.
Murray, Rachel
Thole, Jeffrey T.
Williams, Josephine
TI USING LASER ABLATION-INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY
(LA-ICP-MS) TO EXPLORE GEOCHEMICAL TAPHONOMY OF VERTEBRATE FOSSILS IN
THE UPPER CRETACEOUS TWO MEDICINE AND JUDITH RIVER FORMATIONS OF MONTANA
SO PALAIOS
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTH-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION ANALYSIS; TRACE-ELEMENTS;
SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; AR-40/AR-39 AGE; DINOSAUR BONES; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE;
REPTILE BONES; FOSSILIZATION; DIAGENESIS
AB Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to determine rare earth element (REE) content of 76 fossil bones collected front the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine (TIME) and Judith River (JRF) Formations of Montana. REE content is distinctive at the formation scale, with TMF samples exhibiting generally higher overall REE content and greater variability in REE enrichment than JRF samples. Moreover, JRF bones exhibit relative enrichment in heavy REE, whereas TMF bones span heavy and light enrichment fields in roughly equal proportions. TMF bones are also characterized by more negative Ce anomalies and greater U enrichment than JRF bones, which is consistent with more oxidizing diagenetic conditions in the TMF. Bonebeds in both formations show general consistency in REE content, with no indication of spatial or temporal mixing within sites. Previous studies, however, suggest that the bonebeds in question are attritional assemblages that accumulated over considerable time spans. The absence of geochemical evidence for mixing is consistent with diagenesis transpiring in settings that remained chemically and hydrologically stable during recrystallization. Lithology-related patterns in REE content were also compared, and TMF bones recovered front fluvial sandstones show relative enrichment in heavy REE when compared with hones recovered front fine-grained floodplain deposits. In contrast, JRF bones, regardless of lithologic context (sandstone versus mudstone), exhibit similar patterns of REE uptake. This result is consistent with previous reconstructions that suggest that channel-hosted microfossil bonebeds of the JRF developed via the reworking of preexisting concentrations embedded in the interfluve. Geochemical data further indicate that reworked elements were potentially delivered to channels in a recrystallized condition, which is consistent with rapid adsorption of REE postmortem.
C1 [Rogers, Raymond R.; Canavan, Robin R.; Dwyer, Christopher N.; Harwood, Cara L.; Murray, Rachel; Thole, Jeffrey T.; Williams, Josephine] Macalester Coll, Dept Geol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.
[Fricke, Henry C.] Colorado Coll, Dept Geol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA.
[Addona, Vittorio] Macalester Coll, Dept Math Stat & Comp Sci, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.
[Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Rogers, RR (reprint author), Macalester Coll, Dept Geol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.
EM rogers@macalester.edu
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0319041, EAR-0319024]; Beltmann
Research Fund (Macalester College); Minnesota Space Grant Consortium
(Macalester College)
FX Financial support was provided by National Science Foundation
EAR-0319041, National Science Foundation EAR-0319024, the Beltmann
Research Fund (Macalester College), and the Minnesota Space Grant
Consortium (Macalester College). We thank two anonymous reviewers for
suggestions that improved the manuscript. We also thank C. N. Trueman
for insights related to rare earth elements and bone diagenesis, and J.
H. Hartman, who identified mollusks recovered from Judith River
bonebeds. The Bureau of Land Management is acknowledged for providing
permits and logistical support in the Upper Missouri River Breaks
National Monument. Finally, we thank Ricky Reagan of Browning, Montana,
who graciously provided access to the rocks at Landslide Butte.
NR 70
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U1 0
U2 20
PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY
PI TULSA
PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA
SN 0883-1351
J9 PALAIOS
JI Palaios
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 3-4
BP 183
EP 195
DI 10.2110/palo.2009.p09-084r
PG 13
WC Geology; Paleontology
SC Geology; Paleontology
GA 582FJ
UT WOS:000276581500005
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, J
Newell, MR
AF Campbell, Jon
Newell, Mark R.
TI Building on a Legacy: 125 Years of USGS Topographic Map
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Campbell, Jon] Bur Natl Headquarters, US Geol Survey, Off Commun, Reston, VA USA.
RP Campbell, J (reprint author), Bur Natl Headquarters, US Geol Survey, Off Commun, Reston, VA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 3
BP 209
EP 213
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 566FK
UT WOS:000275355300001
ER
PT J
AU de Silva, SL
Bailey, JE
Mandt, KE
Viramonte, JM
AF de Silva, S. L.
Bailey, J. E.
Mandt, K. E.
Viramonte, J. M.
TI Yardangs in terrestrial ignimbrites: Synergistic remote and field
observations on Earth with applications to Mars
SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Yardangs; Ignimbrites; Andes; Mars analog
ID NORTHERN CHILE; CENTRAL ANDES; WIND EROSION; CALDERA; STRATIGRAPHY;
VOLCANISM; ARGENTINA; EVOLUTION; REGION; DESERT
AB The conditions of formation and the form of yardangs in ignimbrites in the Central Andes of Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina may be the most convincing terrestrial analog to the processes and lithology that produce the extensive yardangs of the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) of Mars. Through remote and field study of yardang morphologies in the Central Andes we highlight the role that variable material properties of the host lithology plays in their final form. Here, ignimbrites typically show two main facies: an indurated and jointed facies, and a weakly to poorly indurated, ash- and pumice-rich facies. Both facies are vertically arranged in large (erupted volume > 100's of km(3)) ignimbrites resulting in a resistant capping layer, while smaller (10's of km(3)) ignimbrites are made predominantly of the weakly indurated facies. The two facies have quite different mechanical properties; the indurated facies behaves as strong rock, fails by block collapse and supports steep/vertical cliffs, while the non-indurated facies is more easily eroded and forms gentle slopes and manifests as more subdued erosional forms. In response to aeolian action, the presence of an upper indurated facies results in large, elongate, high aspect ratio (1:20-1:40) megayardangs that form tall (100 m), thin ridges with steep to vertical walls. These are built on a broad apron of the weakly indurated facies with abundant fallen blocks from the upper indurated facies. These terrestrial megayardangs appear to be analogous to megayardangs with associated block fields seen on Mars. Smaller-volume, weakly indurated ignimbrites are sculpted into smaller, stubbier forms with aspect ratios of 1:5-1:10 and heights rarely exceeding 10 m. Excavation of a windward basal moat suggests an erosional progression like that seen in incipient yardangs on Mars. Excavation rates of 0.007-0.003 cm/year are calculated for the weakly indurated ignimbrites. While a persistent strong unidirectional wind is the dominant parameter controlling yardang formation and orientation, a role for flow separation and vorticity is also suggested by our observations at both yardang types. While the indurated facies is commonly pervasively jointed, jointing is of secondary importance in controlling yardang orientation. Serrated margins, a common feature on Mars, result from oblique intersections of jointing with yardang flanks or scarps of ignimbrite. The processes of yardang formation we describe from ignimbrites from the Central Andes are not necessarily specific to ignimbrites, but do connote that degree and distribution of induration is a major control in yardang formation and this has implications for the lithology of the MFF on Mars. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [de Silva, S. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Bailey, J. E.] Univ Alaska, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Mandt, K. E.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA.
[Viramonte, J. M.] Univ Nacl Salta, Inst GEONORTE, RA-4400 Salta, Argentina.
RP de Silva, SL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM desilvas@geo.oregonstate.edu; jbailey@gi.alaska.edu; kmandt@swri.edu
RI de Silva, Shanaka/A-4630-2011; Mandt, Kathleen/M-9812-2013
OI de Silva, Shanaka/0000-0002-0310-5516; Mandt,
Kathleen/0000-0001-8397-3315
FU National Science Foundation; Oregon Space Grant; Ministerio de Ciencia y
Tecnica, Argentina [PICT 07-38131]
FX Support for work on Andean ignimbrites is funded by the National Science
Foundation and support from the Oregon Space Grant Consortium has
allowed de Silva to develop and conduct this analog research. J.G.
Viramonte wishes to thank the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnica,
Argentina, Grant PICT 07-38131 for support the field work in the Cerro
Blanco Caldera Complex. The comments of two anonymous journal reviewers
have helped clarify our focus and presentation considerably. This paper
is dedicated to the memory of Peter Francis, who first introduced SdeS
to yardangs.
NR 49
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U1 1
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0032-0633
J9 PLANET SPACE SCI
JI Planet Space Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 4
SI SI
BP 459
EP 471
DI 10.1016/j.pss.2009.10.002
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 575SM
UT WOS:000276088100002
ER
PT J
AU Darby, BJ
Neher, DA
Belnap, J
AF Darby, Brian J.
Neher, Deborah A.
Belnap, Jayne
TI Impact of biological soil crusts and desert plants on soil microfaunal
community composition
SO PLANT AND SOIL
LA English
DT Article
DE Colorado Plateau; Soil fauna; Desert; Soil food webs; Islands of
fertility
ID TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; MATURITY INDEX; FOOD WEBS;
DESERTIFICATION; COMMUNICATION; HETEROGENEITY; NUTRIENTS
AB Carbon and nitrogen are supplied by a variety of sources in the desert food web; both vascular and non-vascular plants and cyanobacteria supply carbon, and cyanobacteria and plant-associated rhizosphere bacteria are sources of biological nitrogen fixation. The objective of this study was to compare the relative influence of vascular plants and biological soil crusts on desert soil nematode and protozoan abundance and community composition. In the first experiment, biological soil crusts were removed by physical trampling. Treatments with crust removed had fewer nematodes and a greater relative ratio of bacterivores to microphytophages than treatments with intact crust. However, protozoa composition was similar with or without the presence of crusts. In a second experiment, nematode community composition was characterized along a spatial gradient away from stems of grasses or shrubs. Although nematodes generally occurred in increasing abundance nearer to plant stems, some genera (such as the enrichment-type Panagrolaimus) increased disproportionately more than others (such as the stress-tolerant Acromoldavicus). We propose that the impact of biological soil crusts and desert plants on soil microfauna, as reflected in the community composition of microbivorous nematodes, is a combination of carbon input, microclimate amelioration, and altered soil hydrology.
C1 [Darby, Brian J.; Neher, Deborah A.] Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
[Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
RP Darby, BJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
EM bdarby@ksu.edu
FU Department of Energy [(DE-AI02-02ER63381]
FX This research was funded by an award from the Department of Energy,
Program for Ecosystem Research (DE-AI02-02ER63381) and we thank Julie K.
Blakely, David Housman, C. Nicole Lawhorn, Thomas R. Weicht, Adam
Collins, and Melanie Wilson for technical assistance and Timothy Todd
and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on this manuscript.
NR 33
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U1 2
U2 47
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0032-079X
J9 PLANT SOIL
JI Plant Soil
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 328
IS 1-2
BP 421
EP 431
DI 10.1007/s11104-009-0122-y
PG 11
WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science
SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences
GA 558GZ
UT WOS:000274730400034
ER
PT J
AU Booms, TL
Huettmann, F
Schempf, PF
AF Booms, Travis L.
Huettmann, Falk
Schempf, Philip F.
TI Gyrfalcon nest distribution in Alaska based on a predictive GIS model
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Arctic; Breeding distribution; Conservation biology; Falco
rusticolus; Gyrfalcon; Predictive modeling
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; HABITAT; ABSENCE; SELECTION;
ACCURACY; ICELAND; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS; AREAS
AB The gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) is an uncommon, little studied circumpolar Arctic bird that faces conservation concerns. We used 455 historical nest locations, 12 environmental abiotic predictor layers, Geographic Information System (ArcGIS), and TreeNet modeling software to create a spatially explicit model predicting gyrfalcon breeding distribution and population size across Alaska. The model predicted that 75% of the state had a relative gyrfalcon nest occurrence index value of < 20% (where essentially no nests are expected to occur) and 7% of the state had a value of > 60%. Areas of high predicted occurrence were in northern and western Alaska. The most important predictor variable was soil type, followed by sub-surface geology and vegetation type. Nine environmental factors were useful in predicting nest occurrence, indicating complex multivariate habitat relationships exist. We estimated the breeding gyrfalcon population in Alaska is 546 +/- A 180 pairs. The model was 67% accurate at predicting nest occurrence with an area under the curve score of 0.76 when assessed with independent data; this is a good result when considering its application to the entire state of Alaska. Prediction accuracy estimates were as high as 97% using 10-fold cross validation of the training data. The model helps guide science-based management efforts in times of increasing and global pressures for this species and Arctic landscapes.
C1 [Booms, Travis L.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Nongame Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Booms, Travis L.; Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska Fairbanks Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Schempf, Philip F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management Raptors, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Booms, TL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Nongame Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
EM travis.booms@alaska.gov; fffh@uaf.edu; phil_schempf@fws.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Raptor Management Office;
National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Science; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Department of Fish and
Game Nongame Program; Selawik National Wildlife Refuge
FX This research was possible because of our collaborators' massive
investment of Weld effort, money, time, personal interest, and
dedication over the past 36+ years. We heartily thank T. Swem, C.
McIntyre, R. Ritchie, B. McCaVery, T. Cade, C. White, and others for
their tireless dedication to surveying breeding raptors in Alaska. This
work was primarily funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Migratory Bird Raptor Management Office. T. B. was supported by a
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Graduate
Fellowship, a University of Alaska Fairbanks Thesis Completion
Fellowship, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Nongame Program.
The EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views
expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. We thank P.
Liedberg, M. Swaim, and the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge; D. Carlson,
D. Payer, S. Kendall, and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; and N.
Olsen and the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge for providing essential
support and logistics to conduct model accuracy assessment surveys. We
also thank the UAF thesis committee, M. Lindberg, D. Piepenburg, N.
Chernetsov, D. Boyce, and T. Gottschalk for helpful revisions. This
NR 72
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Z9 6
U1 2
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 3
BP 347
EP 358
DI 10.1007/s00300-009-0711-5
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 567QU
UT WOS:000275462500008
ER
PT J
AU Ager, TA
Carrara, PE
Smith, JL
Anne, V
Johnson, J
AF Ager, Thomas A.
Carrara, Paul E.
Smith, Jane L.
Anne, Victoria
Johnson, Joni
TI Postglacial vegetation history of Mitkof Island, Alexander Archipelago,
southeastern Alaska
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Mitkof Island; Southeastern Alaska; Pollen records; Vegetation history;
Late Quaternary; Paleoclimate; Radiocarbon dating
ID LATE WISCONSIN GLACIATION; NORTH PACIFIC COAST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CANADA; BP; CALIBRATION; MAXIMUM; DATES
AB An AMS radiocarbon-dated pollen record from a peat deposit on Mitkof Island, Southeastern Alaska provides a vegetation history spanning similar to 12,900 cal yr BP to the present. Late Wisconsin glaciers covered the entire island: deglaciation occurred >15,400 cal yr BP. The earliest known vegetation to develop on the island (similar to 12,900 cal yr BP) was pine woodland (Pinus contorta) with alder (Alnus), sedges (Cyperaceae) and ferns (Polypodiaceae type). By -12,240 cal yr BP, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) began to colonize the island while pine woodland declined. By similar to 11,200 cal yr BP, Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) began to spread across the island. Sitka spruce-mountain hemlock forests dominated the lowland landscapes of the island until similar to 10,180 cal yr BP, when western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) began to colonize, and soon became the dominant tree species. Rising percentages of pine, sedge, and sphagnum after similar to 7100 cal yr BP may reflect an expansion of peat bog habitats as regional climate began to shift to cooler, wetter conditions. A decline in alders at that time suggests that coastal forests had spread into the island's uplands, replacing large areas of alder thickets. Cedars (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Thuja plicata) appeared on Mitkof Island during the late Holocene. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.
C1 [Ager, Thomas A.; Carrara, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Smith, Jane L.; Anne, Victoria; Johnson, Joni] US Forest Serv, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA.
RP Ager, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM tager@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey's Earth Surface Dynamics Program
FX The U.S. Geological Survey's Earth Surface Dynamics Program supported
this research. The authors thank John P. McGeehin at the U.S. Geological
Survey Radiocarbon Laboratory for preparing our samples for AMS
radiocarbon dating. We are grateful to Gary Clow for lending his
mathematical expertise to construct the time vs. depth curve for Figure
2. We also thank Robert Thompson, Joe Rosenbaum, Terri Lacourse, and an
anonymous reviewer for their many constructive comments on previous
versions of the manuscript. Patrick Bartlein contributed additional
insightful editorial suggestions on behalf of Quaternary Research.
NR 54
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U1 0
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 73
IS 2
BP 259
EP 268
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.005
PG 10
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 564VS
UT WOS:000275246700011
ER
PT J
AU Addison, JA
Beget, JE
Ager, TA
Finney, BP
AF Addison, Jason A.
Beget, James E.
Ager, Thomas A.
Finney, Bruce P.
TI Marine tephrochronology of the Mt. Edgecumbe Volcanic Field, Southeast
Alaska, USA
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Tephra; Alaska; North Pacific Ocean; Cryptotephra; Mt. Edgecumbe; White
River Ash; Marine sediment; Quaternary; Holocene; Gulf of Alaska
ID WHITE RIVER ASH; NUMERICAL CONSIDERATIONS; GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; DISTAL
MICROTEPHRA; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; TEPHRA DEPOSITS; COOK INLET; AGE;
SEDIMENTS; RECORD
AB The Mt. Edgecumbe Volcanic Field (MEVF), located on Kruzof Island near Sitka Sound in southeast Alaska, experienced a large multiple-stage eruption during the last glacial maximum (LGM)-Holocene transition that generated a regionally extensive series of compositionally similar rhyolite tephra horizons and a single well-dated dacite (MEd) tephra. Marine sediment cores collected from adjacent basins to the MEVF contain both tephra-fall and pyroclastic flow deposits that consist primarily of rhyolitic tephra and a minor dacitic tephra unit. The recovered dacite tephra correlates with the MEd tephra, whereas many of the rhyolitic tephras correlate with published MEVF rhyolites. Correlations were based on age constraints and major oxide compositions of glass shards. In addition to LGM-Holocene macroscopic tephra units, four marine cryptotephras were also identified. Three of these units appear to be derived from mid-Holocene MEVF activity, while the youngest cryptotephra corresponds well with the White River Ash eruption at similar to 1147 cal yr BP. Furthermore, the sedimentology of the Sitka Sound marine core EW0408-40JC and high-resolution SWATH bathymetry both suggest that extensive pyroclastic flow deposits associated with the activity that generated the MEd tephra underlie Sitka Sound, and that any future MEVF activity may pose significant risk to local population centers. (C) 2009 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Addison, Jason A.; Beget, James E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Quaternary Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Addison, Jason A.; Beget, James E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Ager, Thomas A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
RP Addison, JA (reprint author), 308 Reichardt Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM jaaddison@alaska.edu; ftjeb1@uaf.edu; tager@usgs.gov; finney@isu.edu
OI Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1224]; US
Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program; NSF [OCE-0351075]
FX The authors wish to thank the crew and scientific party of cruise EW0408
onboard the R/V Maurice Ewing, as well as Bobbi Conard and Mysti Weber
of the Oregon State University core repository. Additional thanks are
due to Jim Riehle and John Westgate for sharing unpublished MEVF tephra
geochemical datasets; John Jaeger and Gillian Rosen for contributing
excess 210Pb age constraints and interpretations; and Ken
Severin and the staff of the UAF Advanced Instrumentation Laboratory.
Reviews of an early draft by Nancy Bigelow and Jim Riehle, and a
subsequent draft by USGS reviewers Ren Thompson, Walt Dean, and Gene
Ellis greatly improved this article, as did the comments of two
anonymous reviewers and associate editor Jaime U. Fucugauchi. This
publication results in part from a UAF Center for Global Change Student
Award to J.A.A. funded by the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research
through cooperative agreement NA17RJ1224 with the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration. T.A.A. was supported through the US
Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program, and B.P.F. was
supported through NSF Grant OCE-0351075.
NR 63
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U1 1
U2 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 73
IS 2
BP 277
EP 292
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.10.007
PG 16
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 564VS
UT WOS:000275246700013
ER
PT J
AU Markewich, HW
Litwin, RJ
Pavich, MJ
Brook, GA
AF Markewich, Helaine W.
Litwin, Ronald J.
Pavich, Milan J.
Brook, George A.
TI Late Pleistocene eolian features in southeastern Maryland and Chesapeake
Bay region indicate strong WNW-NW winds accompanied growth of the
Laurentide Ice Sheet (vol 71, pg 409, 2009)
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Markewich, Helaine W.] US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA.
[Litwin, Ronald J.; Pavich, Milan J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Brook, George A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Markewich, HW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Ste 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA.
EM helainem@usgs.gov
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 73
IS 2
BP 410
EP 411
DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.09.003
PG 2
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 564VS
UT WOS:000275246700025
ER
PT J
AU Reyes, AV
Jensen, BJL
Zazula, GD
Ager, TA
Kuzmina, S
La Farge, C
Froese, DG
AF Reyes, Alberto V.
Jensen, Britta J. L.
Zazula, Grant D.
Ager, Thomas A.
Kuzmina, Svetlana
La Farge, Catherine
Froese, Duane G.
TI A late-Middle Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 6) vegetated surface
buried by Old Crow tephra at the Palisades, interior Alaska
SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHERN ELLESMERE-ISLAND; CENTRAL YUKON-TERRITORY; EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA;
CUT FOREST BED; SEWARD PENINSULA; LOESS-PALEOSOL; MUCK DEPOSITS; DAWSON
TEPHRA; LATE PLIOCENE; BIRCH CREEK
AB A 40 cm thick primary bed of Old Crow tephra (131 +/- 11 ka), an important stratigraphic marker in eastern Beringia, directly overlies a vegetated surface at Palisades West, on the Yukon River in central Alaska. Analyses of insect, bryophyte, and vascular plant macrofossils from the buried surface and underlying organic-rich silt suggest the local presence of an aquatic environment and mesic shrub-tundra at the time of tephra deposition. Autochthonous plant and insect macrofossils from peat directly overlying Old Crow tephra suggest similar aquatic habitats and hydric to mesic tundra environments, though pollen counts indicate a substantial herbaceous component to the regional tundra vegetation. Trace amounts of arboreal pollen in sediments associated with the tephra probably reflect reworking from older deposits, rather than the local presence of trees. The revised glass fission-track age for Old Crow tephra places its deposition closer to the time of the last interglaciation than earlier age determinations, but stratigraphy and paleoecology of sites with Old Crow tephra indicate a late Marine Isotope Stage 6 age. Regional permafrost degradation and associated thaw slumping are responsible for the close stratigraphic and paleoecological relations between Old Crow tephra and last interglacial deposits at some sites in eastern Beringia. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Reyes, Alberto V.; Jensen, Britta J. L.; Kuzmina, Svetlana; Froese, Duane G.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
[Zazula, Grant D.] Govt Yukon, Yukon Palaeontol Program, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada.
[Ager, Thomas A.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[La Farge, Catherine] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
RP Reyes, AV (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
EM areyes@ualberta.ca; bjjensen@ualberta.ca; grant.zazula@gov.yk.ca;
tager@usgs.gov; kuzmina@ualberta.ca; clafarge@ualberta.ca;
duane@ualberta.ca
RI Froese, Duane/B-6038-2009; La Farge, Catherine/A-2656-2014;
OI La Farge, Catherine/0000-0001-6293-021X; Jensen,
Britta/0000-0001-9134-7170; Reyes, Alberto/0000-0002-7838-4214
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta
Ingenuity New Faculty Award; Canadian Circumpolar Institute and Northern
Scientific Training Program; Alberta Ingenuity; Killam Trusts; NSF;
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
FX Our research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada (D.G.F.), an Alberta Ingenuity New Faculty Award
(D.G.F.), and grants from the Canadian Circumpolar Institute and
Northern Scientific Training Program (A.V.R., B.J.L.J.). Steve Kuehn
assisted in the field, Nancy Bigelow and Matt Irinaga provided
logistical support, and Sergei Matveev facilitated electron microprobe
analyses. A.V.R. thanks Paul Matheus for encouraging us to visit the
Palisades, and acknowledges scholarship support from Alberta Ingenuity,
the Killam Trusts, and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. The United
States Fish and Wildlife Service granted permission to work in Nowitna
National Wildlife Refuge. We thank Julie Brigham-Grette and John
Westgate for their reviews of the manuscript.
NR 71
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U1 0
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0277-3791
J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV
JI Quat. Sci. Rev.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 5-6
BP 801
EP 811
DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.12.003
PG 11
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 574XV
UT WOS:000276028400016
ER
PT J
AU Napton, DE
Auch, RF
Headley, R
Taylor, JL
AF Napton, Darrell E.
Auch, Roger F.
Headley, Rachel
Taylor, Janis L.
TI Land changes and their driving forces in the Southeastern United States
SO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
DE Land cover; Driving forces; Land change; US South
ID COVER CHANGE; ECOREGIONS; LANDSCAPE; PIEDMONT; GEORGIA; SOUTH
AB The ecoregions of the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain, Southeastern Plains, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge provide a continuum of land cover from the Atlantic Ocean to the highest mountains in the East. From 1973 to 2000, each ecoregion had a unique mosaic of land covers and land cover changes. The forests of the Blue Ridge Mountains provided amenity lands. The Piedmont forested area declined, while the developed area increased. The Southeastern Plains became a commercial forest region, and most agricultural lands that changed became forested. Forests in the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain declined, and development related to recreation and retirement increased. The most important drivers of land conversion were associated with commercial forestry, competition between forest and agriculture, and economic and population growth. These and other drivers were modified by each ecoregion's unique suitability and land use legacies with the result that the same drivers often produced different land changes in different ecoregions.
C1 [Napton, Darrell E.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Auch, Roger F.; Headley, Rachel; Taylor, Janis L.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Napton, DE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM Darrell.Napton@sdstate.edu
OI Auch, Roger/0000-0002-5382-5044
FU US Geological Survey Geography Discipline; US Geological Survey Earth
Resources Observation Systems (EROS); South Dakota State University US
Geological Survey Biological Resources Cooperative unit
FX This research was made possible by support from US Geological Survey
Geography Discipline, the US Geological Survey Earth Resources
Observation Systems (EROS), and the South Dakota State University US
Geological Survey Biological Resources Cooperative unit.
NR 110
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U1 3
U2 28
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1436-3798
J9 REG ENVIRON CHANGE
JI Reg. Envir. Chang.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 1
BP 37
EP 53
DI 10.1007/s10113-009-0084-x
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 567KW
UT WOS:000275446500004
ER
PT J
AU Milesi, C
Samanta, A
Hashimoto, H
Kumar, KK
Ganguly, S
Thenkabail, PS
Srivastava, AN
Nemani, RR
Myneni, RB
AF Milesi, Cristina
Samanta, Arindam
Hashimoto, Hirofumi
Kumar, K. Krishna
Ganguly, Sangram
Thenkabail, Prasad S.
Srivastava, Ashok N.
Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
Myneni, Ranga B.
TI Decadal Variations in NDVI and Food Production in India
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE GIMMS NDVI; water-limited tropics; agricultural production; climate;
irrigation
AB In this study we use long-term satellite, climate, and crop observations to document the spatial distribution of the recent stagnation in food grain production affecting the water-limited tropics (WLT), a region where 1.5 billion people live and depend on local agriculture that is constrained by chronic water shortages. Overall, our analysis shows that the recent stagnation in food production is corroborated by satellite data. The growth rate in annually integrated vegetation greenness, a measure of crop growth, has declined significantly (p < 0.10) in 23% of the WLT cropland area during the last decade, while statistically significant increases in the growth rates account for less than 2%. In most countries, the decade-long declines appear to be primarily due to unsustainable crop management practices rather than climate alone. One quarter of the statistically significant declines are observed in India, which with the world's largest population of food-insecure people and largest WLT croplands, is a leading example of the observed declines. Here we show geographically matching patterns of enhanced crop production and irrigation expansion with groundwater that have leveled off in the past decade. We estimate that, in the absence of irrigation, the enhancement in dry-season food grain production in India, during 1982-2002, would have required an increase in annual rainfall of at least 30% over almost half of the cropland area. This suggests that the past expansion of use of irrigation has not been sustainable. We expect that improved surface and groundwater management practices will be required to reverse the recent food grain production declines.
C1 [Milesi, Cristina; Hashimoto, Hirofumi] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Div Sci & Environm Policy, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Samanta, Arindam; Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Kumar, K. Krishna] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India.
[Ganguly, Sangram] NASA, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Srivastava, Ashok N.] NASA, Intelligent Syst Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Biospher Sci Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Milesi, C (reprint author), Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Div Sci & Environm Policy, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
EM cristina.milesi-1@nasa.gov; arindam@bu.edu;
hirofumi.hashimoto@gmail.com; krishna@tropmet.res.in;
sangramganguly@gmail.com; pthenkabail@usgs.gov;
ashok.n.srivastava@nasa.gov; rama.nemani@nasa.gov; rmyneni@bu.edu
RI ganguly, sangram/B-5108-2010; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012
FU NASA
FX We thank P. Aggarwal for critical discussion and comments on the
manuscript. We thank C. J. Tucker for making available the GIMMS NDVI
data. We are grateful for the reviewers' comments which greatly helped
improved the manuscript. This research was funded by NASA's Earth
Science Program.
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U1 0
U2 7
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 2
IS 3
BP 758
EP 776
DI 10.3390/rs2030758
PG 19
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA V24HK
UT WOS:000208401300008
ER
PT J
AU O'Keefe, JMK
Henke, KR
Hower, JC
Engle, MA
Stracher, GB
Stucker, JD
Drew, JW
Staggs, WD
Murray, TM
Hammond, ML
Adkins, KD
Mullins, BJ
Lemley, EW
AF O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K.
Henke, Kevin R.
Hower, James C.
Engle, Mark A.
Stracher, Glenn B.
Stucker, J. D.
Drew, Jordan W.
Staggs, Wayne D.
Murray, Tiffany M.
Hammond, Maxwell L., III
Adkins, Kenneth D.
Mullins, Bailey J.
Lemley, Edward W.
TI CO2, CO, and Hg emissions from the Truman Shepherd and Ruth Mullins coal
fires, eastern Kentucky, USA
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Pitot tube; Mercury; Greenhouse gases; Spontaneous combustion; Carbon
dioxide; Carbon monoxide; Emissions
ID SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION; MERCURY; CHINA
AB Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and mercury (Hg) emissions were quantified for two eastern Kentucky coal-seam fires, the Truman Shepherd fire in Floyd County and the Ruth Mullins fire in Perry County. This study is one of the first to estimate gas emissions from coal fires using field measurements at gas vents. The Truman Shepherd fire emissions are nearly 1400 t CO2/yr and 16 kg Hg/yr resulting from a coal combustion rate of 450-550 t/yr. The sum of CO2 emissions from seven vents at the Ruth Mullins fire is 726 +/- 72 t/yr, suggesting that the fire is consuming about 250-280 t coal/yr. Total Ruth Mullins fire CO and Hg emissions are estimated at 21 +/- 1.8 t/yr and >840 +/- 170 g/yr, respectively. The CO2 emissions are environmentally significant, but low compared to coal-fired power plants: for example, 3.9 x 10(6) t CO2/yr for a 514-MW boiler in Kentucky. Using simple calculations, CO2 and Hg emissions from coal-fires in the U.S. are estimated at 1.4 x 10(7)-2.9 x 10(8) t/yr and 0.58-11.5 t/yr, respectively. This initial work indicates that coal fires may be an important source of CO2, CO, Hg and other atmospheric constituents. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Henke, Kevin R.; Hower, James C.; Stucker, J. D.; Drew, Jordan W.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA.
[O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K.; Staggs, Wayne D.; Murray, Tiffany M.; Hammond, Maxwell L., III; Adkins, Kenneth D.; Mullins, Bailey J.; Lemley, Edward W.] Morehead State Univ, Morehead, KY 40351 USA.
[Engle, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
[Stracher, Glenn B.] E Georgia Coll, Swainsboro, GA 30401 USA.
[Stucker, J. D.; Drew, Jordan W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
RP Hower, JC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 3572 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40511 USA.
EM hower@caer.uky.edu
OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374
NR 31
TC 36
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U1 5
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 408
IS 7
BP 1628
EP 1633
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.005
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 574EF
UT WOS:000275970800019
PM 20071005
ER
PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
Schrank, CS
Begnoche, LJ
Elliott, RF
Quintal, RT
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
Schrank, Candy S.
Begnoche, Linda J.
Elliott, Robert F.
Quintal, Richard T.
TI Sexual difference in PCB concentrations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus
kisutch)
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioenergetics modeling; Coho salmon; Gross growth efficiency;
Polychlorinated biphenyls; Semelparous fish; Sexual differences
ID NET TROPHIC TRANSFER; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; PERSISTENT
POLLUTANTS; FISH; TROUT; CONTAMINANTS; POPULATION; WALLEYE; TRENDS
AB We determined polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in 35 female coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and 60 male coho salmon caught in Lake Michigan (Michigan and Wisconsin, United States) during the fall of 1994 and 1995. In addition, we determined PCB concentrations in the skin-on fillets of 26 female and 19 male Lake Michigan coho salmon caught during the fall of 2004 and 2006. All coho salmon were age-2 fish. These fish were caught prior to spawning, and therefore release of eggs could not account for sexual differences in PCB concentrations because female coho salmon spawn only once during their lifetime. To investigate whether gross growth efficiency (GGE) differed between the sexes, we applied bioenergetics modeling. Results showed that, on average, males were 19% higher in PCB concentration than females, based on the 1994-1995 dataset. Similarly, males averaged a 20% higher PCB concentration in their skin-on fillets compared with females. According to the bioenergetics modeling results, GGE of adult females was less than 1% higher than adult male GGE. Thus, bioenergetics modeling could not explain the 20% higher PCB concentration exhibited by the males. Nonetheless, a sexual difference in GGE remained a plausible explanation for the sexual difference in PCB concentrations. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Begnoche, Linda J.; Quintal, Richard T.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Schrank, Candy S.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA.
[Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
NR 39
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U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 408
IS 7
BP 1719
EP 1724
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.023
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 574EF
UT WOS:000275970800030
PM 20074778
ER
PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
Keir, MJ
Whittle, M
Noguchi, GE
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
Keir, Michael J.
Whittle, Michael
Noguchi, George E.
TI Sexual difference in PCB concentrations of lake trout (Salvelinus
namaycush) from Lake Ontario
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioenergetics modeling; Energy expenditure; Gross growth efficiency;
Lake trout; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Sexual differences
ID PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; GREAT-LAKES; MICHIGAN; FISH; WALLEYE; TRENDS; MODEL;
CONTAMINANTS; POPULATION; PREY
AB We determined polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in 61 female lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and 71 male lake trout from Lake Ontario (Ontario, Canada and New York, United States). To estimate the expected change in PCB concentration due to spawning. PCB concentrations in gonads and in somatic tissue of lake trout were also determined. In addition, bioenergetics modeling was applied to investigate whether gross growth efficiency (GGE) differed between the sexes. Results showed that, on average, males were 22% higher in PCB concentration than females in Lake Ontario. Results from the PCB determinations of the gonads and somatic tissues revealed that shedding of the gametes led to 3% and 14% increases in PCB concentration for males and females, respectively. Therefore, shedding of the gametes could not explain the higher PCB concentration in male lake trout. According to the bioenergetics modeling results. GGE of males was about 2% higher than adult female GGE, on average. Thus, bioenergetics modeling could not explain the higher PCB concentrations exhibited by the males. Nevertheless, a sexual difference in GGE remained a plausible explanation for the sexual difference in PCB concentrations of the lake trout. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Keir, Michael J.] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Ontario Water Qual Monitoring & Surveillance, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Whittle, Michael] Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
[Noguchi, George E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
NR 28
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U1 0
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 408
IS 7
BP 1725
EP 1730
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.024
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 574EF
UT WOS:000275970800031
PM 20067852
ER
PT J
AU Miao, XD
Lindsey, DA
Lai, ZP
Liu, XD
AF Miao, Xiaodong
Lindsey, David A.
Lai, Zhongping
Liu, Xiaodong
TI Contingency table analysis of pebble lithology and roundness: A case
study of Huangshui River, China and comparison to rivers in the Rocky
Mountains, USA
SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pebble; Lithology and roundness, contingency table; Huangshui River;
China; Rocky Mountains
AB Contingency table analysis of pebble lithology and roundness is an effective way to identify the source terrane of a drainage basin and to distinguish changes in basin size, piracy, tectonism, and other events. First, the analysis to terrace gravel deposited by the Huangshui River, northeastern Tibet Plateau, China, shows statistically contrasting pebble populations for the oldest terrace (T7, Dadongling, 1.2 Ma) and the youngest terraces (T0-T3, <= 0.15 Ma). Two fluvial processes are considered to explain the contrast in correlation between lithology and roundness in T7 gravel versus T0-T3 gravel: 1) reworking of T7 gravel into T0-T3 gravel and 2) growth in the size of the river basin between T7 and T0-T3 times. We favor growth in basin size as the dominant process, from comparison of pebble counts and contingency tables. Second, comparison of results from Huangshui River of China to three piedmont streams of the Rocky Mountains, USA highlights major differences in Source terrane and history. Like Rocky Mountain piedmont gravel from Colorado examples, the Huangshui gravels show a preference (observed versus expected frequency) for rounded granite. But unlike Rocky Mountain gravel, Huangshui gravel shows a preference for angular quartzite and for rounded sandstone. In conclusion, contrasting behavior of lithologies during transport, not always apparent in raw pebble counts, is readily analyzed using contingency tables to identify the provenance of individual lithologies, including recycled clasts. Results of the analysis may help unravel river history, including changes in basin size and lithology. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Miao, Xiaodong] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Miao, Xiaodong; Lai, Zhongping] Chinese Acad Sci, Qinghai Inst Salt Lakes, Key Lab Salt Lake Resources & Chem, Xining 810008, Peoples R China.
[Miao, Xiaodong; Liu, Xiaodong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China.
[Lindsey, David A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Miao, XD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
EM miao@isgs.illinois.edu
RI Liu, Xiaodong/E-9512-2011; Loess, IEECAS/I-8075-2014; Lai,
ZhongPing/H-4279-2013
OI Liu, Xiaodong/0000-0003-0355-5610; Lai, ZhongPing/0000-0002-7628-3217
FU NSFC [40872119, 40825008]; National Basic Research Program of China
[2010CB833406]; Illinois State Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey
FX The authors thank Gert Jan Weltje and an anonymous reviewer for comments
to improve the manuscript. The work was financially Supported by NSFC
(40872119; 40825008), National Basic Research Program of China
(2010CB833406) and a One-Hundred Talent Project of CAS granted to Lai
ZP. Publication authorized by the Illinois State Geological Survey and
the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 8
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U1 2
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0037-0738
J9 SEDIMENT GEOL
JI Sediment. Geol.
PD MAR 1
PY 2010
VL 224
IS 1-4
BP 49
EP 53
DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.12.007
PG 5
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 568KD
UT WOS:000275520300005
ER
PT J
AU Earle, P
Guy, M
Buckmaster, R
Ostrum, C
Horvath, S
Vaughan, A
AF Earle, Paul
Guy, Michelle
Buckmaster, Richard
Ostrum, Chris
Horvath, Scott
Vaughan, Amy
TI OMG Earthquake! Can Twitter Improve Earthquake Response?
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Earle, Paul] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Earle, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM pearle@usgs.gov
OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514
FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
FX This study was funded in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act of 2009. We thank Jim Dewey, Stuart Sipkin, David Oppenheimer, David
Hebert, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the
document. Several additional limitations of using Twitter for earthquake
response were added based on comments from an anonymous reviewer,
including the reference to the San Jose earthquakes.
NR 5
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U1 0
U2 7
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0895-0695
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 2
BP 246
EP 251
DI 10.1785/gssrl.81.2.246
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 565KV
UT WOS:000275292100013
ER
PT J
AU Schulz, MS
Vivit, D
Schulz, C
Fitzpatrick, J
White, A
AF Schulz, Marjorie S.
Vivit, Davison
Schulz, Charles
Fitzpatrick, John
White, Art
TI Biologic Origin of Iron Nodules in a Marine Terrace Chronosequence,
Santa Cruz, California
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID FE-MN CONCRETIONS; PODZOLIC SOILS; MANGANESE CONCRETIONS;
MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PLANT NUTRITION; FUNGI; MINERALS; SPECIATION;
VERTISOLS; KENTUCKY
AB The distribution, chemistry, and morphology of Fe nodules were studied in a marine terrace soil chronosequence northwest of Santa Cruz, California. The Fe nodules are found at depths <1 in on all retraces. The nodules consisted of soil mineral grains cemented by Fe oxides. The nodules varied in size from 0.5 to 25 mm in diameter. Nodules did not occur in the underlying regolith. The Fe-oxide mineralogy of the nodules was typically goethite however, a subset of nodules consisted of maghemite. There was a slight transformation to hematite with time. The abundance of soil Fe nodules increased with terrace age on the five terraces studied (aged 65,000-226,000 yr). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed Fe-oxide-containing fungal hyphae throughout the nodules, including organic structures incorporating fine-grained Fe oxides. The fine-grained nature of the Fe oxides was substantiated by Mossbauer spectroscopy. Our microscopic observations led to the hypothesis that the nodules in the Santa Cruz terrace soils are precipitated by fungi, perhaps as a strategy to sequester primary mineral grains for nutrient extraction. The fungal structures are fixed by the seasonal wetting and dry cycles and rounded through bioturbarion. The organic structures are compacted by the degradation of fungal C with time.
C1 [Schulz, Marjorie S.; Vivit, Davison; Fitzpatrick, John; White, Art] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Schulz, Charles] Knox Coll, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA.
RP Schulz, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-420, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mschulz@usgs.gov
OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447
NR 69
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U2 8
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 2
BP 550
EP 564
DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0144
PG 15
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 564BW
UT WOS:000275187300025
ER
PT J
AU Bliss, NB
Maursetter, J
AF Bliss, Norman B.
Maursetter, John
TI Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Alaska Estimated with Spatial and Pedon
Data
SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ARCTIC ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TUNDRA SOILS;
STORAGE; WORLD; USA; FEEDBACK; NITROGEN; FORESTS
AB Temperatures in high-latitude ecosystems are increasing faster than the average rate of global warming, which may lead to a positive feedback for climate change by increasing the respiration rates of soil organic C. If a positive feedback is confirmed, soil C will represent a source of greenhouse gases that is not currently considered in international protocols to regulate C emissions. We present new estimates of the stocks of soil organic C in Alaska, calculated by linking spatial and field data developed by the USDA NRCS. The spatial data are from the State Soil Geographic database (STATSGO), and the field and laboratory data are from the National Soil Characterization Database, also known as the pedon database. The new estimates range from 32 to 53 Pg of soil organic C for Alaska, formed by linking the spatial and field data using the attributes of Soil Taxonomy. For modelers, we recommend an estimation method based on taxonomic subgroups with interpolation for missing areas, which yields an estimate of 48 Pg. This is a substantial increase over a magnitude of 13 Pg estimated from only the STATSGO data as originally distributed in 1994, but the increase reflects different estimation methods and is not a measure of the change in C on the landscape. Pedon samples were collected between 1952 and 2002, so the results do not represent a single point in time. The linked databases provide an improved basis for modeling the impacts of climate change on net ecosystem exchange.
C1 [Bliss, Norman B.] USGS, ARTS, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Bliss, NB (reprint author), USGS, ARTS, EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM bliss@usgs.gov
FU Geographic Analysis and Monitoring; USGS
FX This rescarch was supported by the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring
and the Earth Surface Dynamics Programs of the USGS. We thank Tom
Reinsch of the NRCS National Soil Survey Laboratory and Joe Moore of the
NRCS in Alaska for assistance in obtaining data.
NR 47
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PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0361-5995
J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J
JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 2
BP 565
EP 579
DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0404
PG 15
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 564BW
UT WOS:000275187300026
ER
PT J
AU Rose, FL
Simpson, TR
Ott, JR
Manning, RW
Martin, J
AF Rose, Francis L.
Simpson, Thomas R.
Ott, James R.
Manning, Richard W.
Martin, Julien
TI SURVIVAL OF WESTERN COTTONMOUTHS (AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS LEUCOSTOMA) IN
A PULSING ENVIRONMENT
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID MARKED ANIMALS
AB We present the first robust estimates of apparent survival of western cottonmouths (Agkistrodon pisrivorus leucostoma) in central Texas. Estimates presented were obtained using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber Model that accounts for delectability. Apparent annual probability of survival of western coutonmouths located at Honey Greek, Comal County,Texas, a spring-fed stream flowing 3.2 kill to its confluence with the Guadalupe River, was 0.81 and was consistent with estimates Cor similar species of snakes. Despite low probability of detection (0.12) and relatively small sample (n = 51), the estimate of survival was reasonably precise (coefficient of variation was 4%). One benefit. of our study is that we used a long-term dataset (11 years) that encompassed multiple floods and droughts, and therefore, represents a relatively wide range of conditions to which western cottonmouths are exposed at this locality.
C1 [Rose, Francis L.; Ott, James R.; Manning, Richard W.] Texas State Univ Marcos, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
[Martin, Julien] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Martin, Julien] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Rose, FL (reprint author), Texas State Univ Marcos, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
EM fr02@txstate.edu
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U2 20
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 1
BP 11
EP 15
DI 10.1894/WL-28.1
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571FK
UT WOS:000275736900002
ER
PT J
AU Pruett, AL
Boal, CW
Wallace, MC
Whitlaw, HA
Ray, JD
AF Pruett, Alison L.
Boal, Clint W.
Wallace, Mark C.
Whitlaw, Heather A.
Ray, James D.
TI SMALL MAMMALS ASSOCIATED WITH COLONIES OF BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS
(CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS) IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; DIVERSITY; DAKOTA
AB We compared diversity and abundance of small mammals at colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and paired non-colony sites. Of colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs in our study area, >80% were on slopes of playa lakes; thus, we used sites of colonies and non-colonies that were on slopes of playa lakes. We trapped small mammals on 29 pairs of sites. Overall abundance did not differ between types of sites, but some taxa exhibited associations with Colonies (Onychomys leucogaster) or non-colonies (Chaetodipus hispidus, Reithrodontomys, Sigmodon hispidus). Diversity and evenness of small mammals did not differ between colonies and non-colonies in 2002, but were higher or) non-colonies in 2003. Although we may not. have detected some rare or infrequently occurring species, our data reveal differences in diversity and evenness of more common Species among the types of sites. Prairie dogs are touted as it keystone species with their colonies associated with a greater faunal diversity than adjacent lands. Our findings contradict several studies reporting greater diversity and abundance of small mammals at colonies of prairie dogs. We suggest that additional research across a wider landscape and incorporating landscape variables beyond the immediate trapping plot may further elucidate interspecific associations between black-tailed prairie dogs and species of small rodents.
C1 [Pruett, Alison L.; Boal, Clint W.; Wallace, Mark C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Whitlaw, Heather A.] Texas Tech Univ, Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[Ray, James D.] Babcock & Wilcox Tech Serv Pantex LLC, Amarillo, TX 79120 USA.
RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM clint.boal@ttu.edu
OI Ray, James/0000-0003-4558-4217
FU Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; United States Geological Survey
Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; United States
Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration
FX We thank Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, the United States
Geological Survey Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit.,
the United States Department of Energy National Nuclear Security
Administration in cooperation with B&W Pantex and Texas Tech, University
for providing funding for this project. We extend our appreciation to
landowners who granted us permission to conduct research on their
property. We thank all who assisted in the field work. The use of trade,
product, industry, Or firm names or products is for informative purposes
only and does not constitute an endorsement by the United States
Government. or the United States Geological Survey. This manuscript has
benefited from thoughtful reviews by A. Duerr, A. Kiienzi, S. Magle, and
an anonymous reviewer.
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PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 1
BP 50
EP 56
DI 10.1894/CLG-23.1
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571FK
UT WOS:000275736900008
ER
PT J
AU Hoagstrom, CW
Remshardt, WJ
Smith, JR
Brooks, JE
AF Hoagstrom, Christopher W.
Remshardt, W. Jason
Smith, Jude R.
Brooks, James E.
TI CHANGING FISH FAUNAS IN TWO REACHES OF THE RIO GRANDE IN THE ALBUQUERQUE
BASIN
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID NEW-MEXICO; HYBOGNATHUS-AMARUS; SILVERY MINNOW; NORTH-AMERICA;
ASSEMBLAGES; RIVER; CYPRINIDAE; DIVERSITY; SPECIMENS; PATTERNS
AB We intensively sampled fishes from two reaches of the Rio Grande within the Albliquerque Basin (Albuquerque and Belen valleys) during 1998-2001, compared our findings With those from 1984, and compiled it list Of all fishes known from the tow reaches. Structure of assemblages (richness, diversity, abundance distributions-taxon dominance versus rank abundance) was similar between reaches in 1998-2001, but, the faunas had low taxonomic similarity. The nonnative white sticker (Catostomus commersonii), western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), and native red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) dominated the Albuquerque Valley. Faunal change in the Albuquerque Valley between 1984 and 1998-2001 indicated all native fishes besides the red shiner declined, particularly the Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). In contrast, the red shiner alone dominated the Belen Valley. nonnative fishes were less dominant, and aside from the Rio Grande silvery minnow and longnose dace, native species did not decline. Environmental differences provide it potential explanation for divergence of faunas between valleys, i.e., discharge in spring and summer is higher and substrate is coarser in die Albuquerque Valley Dewatering fragmentation by dams, and modifications of the river channel correspond to historical losses of fishes that require fluvial conditions. With the exception of the red shiner and, possibly, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and slender carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio) native fishes appear to be succumbing to combined stressors of change in habitat, intermittence of streamflow, and interactions with nonnative taxa.
C1 [Hoagstrom, Christopher W.; Remshardt, W. Jason; Smith, Jude R.; Brooks, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA.
RP Hoagstrom, CW (reprint author), Weber State Univ, Dept Zool, 2505 Univ Circle, Ogden, UT 84408 USA.
EM ChristopherHoagstrom@weber.edu
FU United States Army Corps of Engineers; City of Albuquerque
FX This project was partially supported by the United States Army Corps of
Engineers and the City of Albuquerque.
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PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 1
BP 78
EP 88
DI 10.1894/GG-38.1
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571FK
UT WOS:000275736900011
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, CT
Alexander, ML
Howard, R
AF Phillips, C. T.
Alexander, M. L.
Howard, R.
TI CONSUMPTION OF EGGS OF THE ENDANGERED FOUNTAIN DARTER (ETHEOSTOMA
FONTICOLA) BY NATIVE AND NONNATIVE SNAILS
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID POPULATION-SIZE ESTIMATE; RAMS-HORN SNAIL; MARISA-CORNUARIETIS; CENTRAL
TEXAS; RIVER
AB We examined the perecentage of consumption of eggs of the endangered fountain darter, Etheostoma fonticola, by native and nonnative snails from the San Marcos River, Hays County, Texas. Although all snails consumed eggs, non-native Marisa cornuarietis (Prosobrauchia: Ampullaridae) and native Helisoma anceps (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) consumed a significantly greater percentage of eggs than non-native Tarebia graniferea and Melanoides tuberculatus (Prosobranchia: Thiaridae) and the native Physella virgata (Pulmonata: Physidae). Dramatic increases in M. cornuarietis in the San Marcos and Comal springs may have an adverse affect on populations of fountain darters.
C1 [Phillips, C. T.; Alexander, M. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
[Howard, R.] Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol, HM Freeman Aquat Biol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
RP Phillips, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
EM catherine_phillips@fws.gov
NR 15
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U1 0
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PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 1
BP 115
EP 117
DI 10.1894/JS-26.1
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571FK
UT WOS:000275736900016
ER
PT J
AU Archdeacon, TP
Davenport, SR
AF Archdeacon, Thomas P.
Davenport, Stephen R.
TI PREDATION BY AGE-0 SMALLMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS DOLOMIEU) ON BIGSCALE
LOGPERCH (PERCINA MACROLEPIDA) IN THE PECOS RIVER, NEW MEXICO
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID NONNATIVE FISHES; USA LAKES; COLORADO
AB Piscivory in age-0 smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) on native species is documented widely; however, few studies report size of prey. On 16 July 2008, we collected a smallmouth bass (65 mm in total length) with a bigscale logperch (Percina macrolepida; 44 mm in total length) in its gastrointestinal tract, from the Pecos River near Puerto de Luna, Guadalupe County, New Mexico. Smallmouth bass are nonnative in New Mexico. Bigscale logperch are listed as threatened in New Mexico, and the ability of agc-0 smallmouth bass to take bigscale logperch at least 68% of their total length as should raise Concerns about stocking smallmouth bass in areas where bigscale logperch and other native species occur.
C1 [Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Davenport, Stephen R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA.
RP Archdeacon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 3800 Commons Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA.
EM Thomas_Archdeacon@fws.gov
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PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 1
BP 120
EP 122
DI 10.1894/GG-40.1
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571FK
UT WOS:000275736900018
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, CT
Johnston, CE
Henderson, AR
AF Phillips, Catherine T.
Johnston, Carol E.
Henderson, Andrew R.
TI SOUND PRODUCTION AND SPAWNING BEHAVIOR IN CYPRIMELLA LEPIDA, THE EDWARDS
PLATEAU SHINER
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID ACOUSTIC-SIGNALS; RED SHINER; NOTROPIS-ANALOSTANUS;
CYPRINELLA-GALACTURA; CYPRINIDAE; FISHES; LUTRENSIS
AB Sound production and spawning behavior has not been described in Cyprinella lepida, the Edwards Plateau shiner, although described for other species in the genus. This study documented acoustic signals associated with agonistic and courtship interactions produced by male C. lepida during the breeding season. Females did not produce sounds. Signals were monophasic consisting of one type of call (Pulses). All sounds were non-harmonic, low frequency, and often occurred ill trains called bursts. Courtship behaviors were characterized by differences in duration and dominant frequency. The exact mechanism of sound production in this species is unknown.
C1 [Phillips, Catherine T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
[Johnston, Carol E.; Henderson, Andrew R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Fish Biodivers Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Phillips, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
EM Catherine_Phillips@fws.gov
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PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 1
BP 129
EP 135
DI 10.1894/GG-35.1
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571FK
UT WOS:000275736900021
ER
PT J
AU Lovich, J
Drost, C
Monatesti, AJ
Casper, D
Wood, DA
Girard, M
AF Lovich, Jeff
Drost, Charles
Monatesti, A. J.
Casper, Dennis
Wood, Dustin A.
Girard, Michele
TI REPTILIAN PREY OF THE SONORA MUD TURTLE (KINOSTERNON SONORIENSE) WITH
COMMENTS ON SAUROPHAGY AND OPHIOPHAGY IN NORTH AMERICAN TURTLES
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
AB We detected evidence of predation by the Sonora mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense) oil the Arizona alligator lizard (Elgaria kingii nobilis) and the ground snake (Sonora semiannulata) at Montezuma Well, Yavapai County, Arizona. Lizards have not been reported in the diet of K. sonoriense, and saurophagy is rare in turtles of the United States, having been reported previously in only two other species;, the false map turtle (Graptemys pseudogeographica) and the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina). While the diet of K. somoriense includes snakes, ours is the first record of S. semiannulata as food of this turtle. Ophiophagy also is rare in turtles of the United States with records for only five other species of turtles. Given the opportunistic diets of many North American turtles, including L sonoriense, the scarcity of published records of saurophagy and ophiophagy likely represents a shortage of observations, not rarity of occurrence.
C1 [Lovich, Jeff; Drost, Charles; Monatesti, A. J.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Casper, Dennis] Natl Pk Serv, Camp Verde, AZ 86322 USA.
[Wood, Dustin A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
[Girard, Michele] Natl Pk Serv, So Arizona Grp Off, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA.
RP Lovich, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr,MS-9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov
OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831
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PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 1
BP 135
EP 138
DI 10.1894/GC-191.1
PG 4
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 571FK
UT WOS:000275736900022
ER
PT J
AU Midway, SR
Kwak, TJ
Aday, DD
AF Midway, Stephen R.
Kwak, Thomas J.
Aday, D. Derek
TI Habitat Suitability of the Carolina Madtom, an Imperiled, Endemic Stream
Fish
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; NORTH-CAROLINA;
UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; CONSERVATION STATUS; NOTURUS-PLACIDUS;
OUACHITA MADTOM; ICTALURIDAE; ABUNDANCE
AB The Carolina madtom Noturus furiosus is an imperiled stream ictalurid that is endemic to the Tar and Neuse River basins in North Carolina. The Carolina madtom is listed as a threatened species by the state of North Carolina, and whereas recent distribution surveys have found that the Tar River basin population occupies a range similar to its historical range, the Neuse River basin population has shown recent significant decline. Quantification of habitat requirements and availability is critical for effective management and subsequent survival of the species. We investigated six reaches (three in each basin) to (1) quantify Carolina madtom microhabitat use, availability, and suitability; (2) compare suitable microhabitat availability between the two basins; and (3) examine use of an instream artificial cover unit. Carolina madtoms were located and their habitat was quantified at four of the six survey reaches. They most frequently occupied shallow to moderate depths of swift moving water over a sand substrate and used cobble for cover. Univariate and principal components analyses both showed that Carolina madtom use of instream habitat was selective (i.e., nonrandom). Interbasin comparisons suggested that suitable microhabitats were more prevalent in the impacted Neuse River basin than in the Tar River basin. We suggest that other physical or biotic effects may be responsible for the decline in the Neuse River basin population. We designed instream artificial cover units that were occupied by Carolina madtoms (25% of the time) and occasionally by other organisms. Carolina madtom abundance among all areas treated with the artificial cover unit was statistically higher than that in the control areas, demonstrating use of artificial cover when available. Microhabitat characteristics of occupied artificial cover units closely resembled those of natural instream microhabitat used by Carolina madtoms; these units present an option for conservation and restoration if increased management is deemed necessary. Results from our study provide habitat suitability criteria and artificial cover information that can inform management and conservation of the Carolina madtom.
C1 [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM tkwak@ncsu.edu
FU State Wildlife Grant through the NCWRC; North Carolina State University;
NCWRC; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and
Wildlife Management Institute
FX We thank our field technicians, Katie McFadden, Carrie Russell, and
Victoria Ma. Additional field help was provided by Danielle DiIullo,
Michael Fisk, Ben Wallace, Jessica Brewster, Dana Sackett, Lindsay
Glass, and Patrick Cooney. Comments from Nick Haddad, Kevin Gross, Bryn
Tracy, Robert Vadas, and Amanda Rosenberger improved earlier versions of
this manuscript. This project was funded by a State Wildlife Grant
through the NCWRC. Scott Van Horn, Shannon Deaton, Chris Wood, and Rob
Nichols of NCWRC administered funding and offered helpful study design
suggestions. The North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research
Unit is jointly supported by North Carolina State University, NCWRC,
U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife
Management Institute. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S.
Government.
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PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 2
BP 325
EP 338
DI 10.1577/T08-238.1
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 589DG
UT WOS:000277125100001
ER
PT J
AU Cassinelli, JD
Moffitt, CM
AF Cassinelli, John D.
Moffitt, Christine M.
TI Comparison of Growth and Stress in Resident Redband Trout Held in
Laboratory Simulations of Montane and Desert Summer Temperature Cycles
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT;
THERMAL TOLERANCE; FRESH-WATER; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; SOUTHWESTERN
IDAHO; RAINBOW-TROUT; BULL TROUT; STREAMS
AB Within their native range in western North America, resident redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri occupy stream habitat from high mountains to low desert. To better understand the temperature tolerance, growth, and stress physiology of native redband trout populations and compare the resilience and responses to reciprocal environments of stocks adapted to desert or montane conditions, we conducted controlled laboratory trials. We tested groups of age-0 progeny from naturally reproducing desert and montane fish stocks in temperature cycles that simulated the summer conditions typical in regional desert and montane stream habitats. The diel cycles ranged from 8 degrees C to 16 degrees C for montane treatments and from 18 degrees C to 26 degrees C for desert treatments, and our tests were repeated over 2 years. We evaluated survival, growth, feed efficiency, plasma cortisol, heat shock protein levels, and body proximate composition in samples of fish collected during and at the completion of the trials. All of the stocks tested had high survival under all conditions, regardless of their geographic origin. We found no differences consistently attributable to desert or montane origin. Growth rates and protein and lipid efficiencies varied among stocks, between temperature treatments, and between replicate years. We found that the expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) was consistently higher in all stocks maintained at desert temperatures regardless of source, but the absolute quantity of proteins measured varied among populations. We conducted an additional short-term trial to evaluate the responses of different stocks to upper lethal temperature cycles that approached a daily maximum of 30 degrees C. Although desert-and montane-adapted populations of redband trout were equally dynamic and adaptive in desert or montane diel temperature cycles, we conclude that the desert stocks will be more at risk from increasing temperatures and reduced stream flows in the summer months as climate changes.
C1 [Cassinelli, John D.; Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu
FU EPSCOR; CRISSP at University of Idaho
FX We thank K. Meyer, B. Zoellick, K. Steinhorst, and J. Congleton for
assistance in design and analysis; field assistance and data resources
were provided by T. Lamansky, S. Elle, B. High, L. Mamer, J. Kozfkay, C.
Kozfkay, M. Campbell, P. Kennedy, M. Koenig, C. Sullivan, M. Sullivan,
M. Griener, A. Sievers, C. Smith, and A. Kautza. B. Dredge at Hayspur
State Fish Hatchery provided training on gamete collection and hatchery
fish for the trials. B. Sun, B. LaFrentz, N. Lindstrom, C. Hoffman, J.
Evavold, C. James, L. Bruce, J. Nielson, L. Cajas Cano, C. Capaul, J.
Dybing, S. Howard, K. Teater, K. Deife, H. Vander Zanden, T. Parker, K.
Hamilton, C. Smith, D. Day, K. Johnson, M. Sullivan, E. Starkey, and K.
Beck provided laboratory support. I. Werner provided guidance for
heat-shock protein analyses. G. Fiest analyzed plasma cortisol. Funding
was provided by Idaho Department of Fish and Game and the U.S. Bureau of
Land Management, with additional support from EPSCOR and CRISSP intern
programs at the University of Idaho. K. Meyer, D. Schill, D. Chapman, J.
Griffith, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable manuscript
reviews. This manuscript was part of the Master's thesis of J.
Cassinelli and is contribution 1043 of the University of Idaho,
Forestry, Wildlife and Range Resources Experiment Station, Moscow,
Idaho.
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PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 2
BP 339
EP 352
DI 10.1577/T08-247.1
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 589DG
UT WOS:000277125100002
ER
PT J
AU Steen, PJ
Wiley, MJ
Schaeffer, JS
AF Steen, Paul J.
Wiley, Michael J.
Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.
TI Predicting Future Changes in Muskegon River Watershed Game Fish
Distributions under Future Land Cover Alteration and Climate Change
Scenarios
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID STREAM FISH; LANDSCAPE VARIABLES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BROOK TROUT; URBAN;
URBANIZATION; ASSEMBLAGES; HABITAT; MARYLAND; USA
AB Future alterations in land cover and climate are likely to cause substantial changes in the ranges of fish species. Predictive distribution models are an important tool for assessing the probability that these changes will cause increases or decreases in or the extirpation of species. Classification tree models that predict the probability of game fish presence were applied to the streams of the Muskegon River watershed, Michigan. The models were used to study three potential future scenarios: (1) land cover change only, (2) land cover change and a 3 degrees C increase in air temperature by 2100, and (3) land cover change and a 5 degrees C increase in air temperature by 2100. The analysis indicated that the expected change in air temperature and subsequent change in water temperatures would result in the decline of coldwater fish in the Muskegon watershed by the end of the 21st century while cool-and warmwater species would significantly increase their ranges. The greatest decline detected was a 90% reduction in the probability that brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis would occur in Bigelow Creek. The greatest increase was a 276% increase in the probability that northern pike Esox lucius would occur in the Middle Branch River. Changes in land cover are expected to cause large changes in a few fish species, such as walleye Sander vitreus and Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, but not to drive major changes in species composition. Managers can alter stream environmental conditions to maximize the probability that species will reside in particular stream reaches through application of the classification tree models. Such models represent a good way to predict future changes, as they give quantitative estimates of the n-dimensional niches for particular species.
C1 [Steen, Paul J.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Wiley, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Steen, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM psteen@hrwc.org
RI Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Institute for Fisheries Research, Michigan
Department of Natural Resources (MDNR); U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's National Center for Environmental Research
FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Gap Analysis
Program, with additional in-kind support from the Institute for
Fisheries Research, Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). The
development of the GIS framework was funded in part through a STAR grant
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for
Environmental Research. The GIS data were processed by Great Lakes
Aquatic GAP members A. Cooper, S. Aichele, E. Bissell, and J. Stewart.
Special thanks to K. Wehrly (MDNR) and A. Rasolofoson for providing and
organizing the fish data and to P. Seelbach, G. Kling, and three
anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the
manuscript. We also thank B. Pijanowski and his team for simulating
future land cover changes in the Muskegon River watershed. C. Riseng and
S. David gave wise input regarding the streams and fish of the
watershed. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
This article is contribution 1565 of the U. S. Geological Survey Great
Lakes Science Center.
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PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 139
IS 2
BP 396
EP 412
DI 10.1577/T09-007.1
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WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 589DG
UT WOS:000277125100006
ER
PT J
AU Bestgen, KR
Mefford, B
Bundy, JM
Walford, CD
Compton, RI
AF Bestgen, Kevin R.
Mefford, Brent
Bundy, Jay M.
Walford, Cameron D.
Compton, Robert I.
TI Swimming Performance and Fishway Model Passage Success of Rio Grande
Silvery Minnow
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYBOGNATHUS-AMARUS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA;
OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; VELOCITY BARRIERS; GAIT TRANSITION; SOCKEYE SALMON;
NEW-MEXICO; FISHES; SPEED
AB We used a swim chamber, flume, and large-scale fishway models to assess the swimming performance, behavior, and passage success of endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus. Field-captured silvery minnow (53-88 mm total length) swam 114-118 cm/s (i.e., up to 20.9 body lengths/s) in a swim chamber in water temperatures of 15, 19, and 23 degrees C. The relationship between time to fatigue and water velocity showed that endurance declined sharply at velocities above 60 cm/s, a threshold that is consistent with critical swimming speed estimates and may represent a transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Water temperature and fish length were positively correlated with swimming performance. At water velocities of 60 cm/s and less, silvery minnow routinely swam the equivalent of 50 km (125 km maximum) in a swim chamber in less than 72 h. The proportions of silvery minnow that successfully ascended a flume over sand, gravel, or cobble substrate declined as water velocity increased to 53 cm/s. Passage times increased at higher water velocities and at a faster rate over sand substrate because fish were stationary for longer periods over the lower-velocity boundary layers created by gravel and cobble at all velocities. Dual-vertical-slot fishway passage was 52% in a less turbulent flow of 78 cm/s; passage was 8% at a faster, more turbulent flow of 87 cm/s. Conversely, 75% of silvery minnow ascended a rock channel fishway with a holding pool present and a 1% hydraulic gradient in low (58-cm/s) and high (83-cm/s) mean flow velocities. Differences in willingness to swim, longer test duration, and the mosaic of water velocities created by the bed roughness elements may explain the higher silvery minnow passage success in the rock channel. Predictive swimming fatigue relationships, together with fish length and water temperature, may guide decisions regarding fishway lengths and velocities so as to permit passage of Rio Grande silvery minnow.
C1 [Bestgen, Kevin R.; Bundy, Jay M.; Walford, Cameron D.; Compton, Robert I.] Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Mefford, Brent] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, Water Resources Res Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Bestgen, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM kbestgen@colostate.edu
FU Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Act Collaborative Program; Bureau
of Reclamation, Albuquerque Area Office; Bureau of Reclamation Science
and Technology Program, Denver, Colorado; U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico
FX Major funding for the study was provided by the Middle Rio Grande
Endangered Species Act Collaborative Program; additional funding was
from the Bureau of Reclamation, Albuquerque Area Office; the Bureau of
Reclamation Science and Technology Program, Denver, Colorado; and U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico. We also thank the
Rio Grande Conservancy District for assistance. S. Platania and staff
supplied field-captured Rio Grande silvery minnow for the study, and J.
E. Brooks and J. Landye provided hatchery fish. P. Chapman and J.
Zumbrunnen, Statistics Department, Colorado State University, provided
advice on nonlinear statistical modeling. C. Gorbach and M. Porter
(Bureau of Reclamation) provided administrative and technical study
assistance and manuscript review; additional reviews of M. Bowen, S.
Peake, T. Wesche, and anonymous reviewers are appreciated.
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PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 139
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EP 448
DI 10.1577/T09-085.1
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SC Fisheries
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UT WOS:000277125100009
ER
PT J
AU Baldigo, BP
Ernst, AG
Warren, DR
Miller, SJ
AF Baldigo, Barry P.
Ernst, Anne G.
Warren, Dana R.
Miller, Sarah J.
TI Variable Responses of Fish Assemblages, Habitat, and Stability to
Natural-Channel-Design Restoration in Catskill Mountain Streams
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RIVER RESTORATION; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; SAMPLING DESIGNS; UNITED-STATES;
NEW-YORK; REHABILITATION; POPULATIONS; CLASSIFICATION; SALMONIDS; BACI
AB Natural-channel-design (NCD) restorations were recently implemented within large segments of five first-and second-order streams in the Catskill Mountains of New York in an attempt to increase channel stability, reduce bed and bank erosion, and sustain water quality. In conjunction with these efforts, 54 fish and habitat surveys were done from 1999 to 2007 at six restored reaches and five stable control reaches to evaluate the effects of NCD restoration on fish assemblages, habitat, and bank stability. A before-after-control-impact study design and two-factor analysis of variance were used to quantify the net changes in habitat and fish population and community indices at treatment reaches relative to those at unaltered control reaches. The density and biomass of fish communities were often dominated by one or two small prey species and no or few predator species before restoration and by one or more trout (Salmonidae) species after restoration. Significant increases in community richness (30%), diversity (40%), species or biomass equitability (32%), and total biomass (up to 52%) in at least four of the six restored reaches demonstrate that NCD restorations can improve the health and sustainability of fish communities in geomorphically unstable Catskill Mountain streams over the short to marginally long term. Bank stability, stream habitat, and trout habitat suitability indices (HSIs) generally improved significantly at the restored reaches, but key habitat features and trout HSIs did not change or decreased at two of them. Fish communities and trout populations at these two reaches were not positively affected by NCD restorations. Though NCD restorations often had a positive effect on habitat and fish communities, our results show that the initial habitat conditions limit the relative improvements than can be achieved, habitat quality and stability do not necessarily respond in unison, and biotic and abiotic responses cannot always be generalized.
C1 [Baldigo, Barry P.; Ernst, Anne G.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Warren, Dana R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Miller, Sarah J.] New York City Dept Environm Protect, Kingston, NY 12401 USA.
RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
EM bbaldigo@usgs.gov
RI Warren, Dana/G-5600-2012
FU New York City Department of Environmental Protection; Greene County Soil
and Water Conservation District; U.S. Geological Survey
FX The authors extend appreciation to Christiane Mulvihill, Britt
Westergard, and Rebecca Pratt Miller of the U. S. Geological Survey;
Amanda LaValle, Christina Falk, Dan Davis, Phillip Eskeli, Mark Vian,
and Elizabeth Reichheld of the New York City Department of Environmental
Protection; Beth Boisvert, Walter Keller, Matthew Horn, Ted Treska,
Marshall Thomas, Ian Kiraly, Beth Vollmer, Britt Pettite, Mike Compton,
Cliff Kraft, and Milo Richmond of Cornell University; Douglas Dekoski,
Joel DeBois, Jake Buchannan, and Rene VanShaack of the Greene County
Soil and Water Conservation District; and numerous AmeriCorps and Ulster
County Community College interns for technical support. This research
was funded by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection,
Greene County Soil and Water Conservation District, and U.S. Geological
Survey.
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PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 139
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BP 449
EP 467
DI 10.1577/T08-152.1
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SC Fisheries
GA 589DG
UT WOS:000277125100010
ER
PT J
AU Ernst, AG
Baldigo, BP
Mulvihill, CI
Vian, M
AF Ernst, Anne G.
Baldigo, Barry P.
Mulvihill, Christiane I.
Vian, Mark
TI Effects of Natural-Channel-Design Restoration on Habitat Quality in
Catskill Mountain Streams, New York
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RIVER RESTORATION; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; SAMPLING DESIGNS; FISH; ECOLOGY;
BACI; PSEUDOREPLICATION; CLASSIFICATION; DIVERSITY; INDIANA
AB Stream restoration has received much attention in recent years, yet there has been little effort to evaluate its impacts on physical habitat, stability, and biota. A popular but controversial stream restoration approach is natural channel design (NCD), which cannot be adequately evaluated without a long-term, independent assessment of its effects on stream habitat. Six reaches of five Catskill Mountain streams in southeastern New York were restored during 2000-2003 following NCD techniques to decrease bed and bank degradation, decrease sediment loads, and improve water quality. Habitat surveys were conducted during summer low flows from 2001 to 2007. The effects of the NCD projects on stream condition were assessed via a before-after-control-impact study design to quantify the net changes in stream and bank habitat variables relative to those in unaltered control reaches. Analysis of variance tests of three different measures of bank stability show that on average stream stability increased at treatment sites for 2-5 years after restoration. Mean channel depth, thalweg depth, and the pool-riffle ratio generally increased, whereas mean channel width, percent streambank coverage by trees, and shade decreased. Habitat suitability indices for local salmonid species increased at four of six reaches after restoration. The changes in channel dimensions rendered them generally more characteristic of stabler stream forms in the given valley settings. Although these studies were done relatively soon after project completion, our findings demonstrate that habitat conditions can be improved in degraded Catskill Mountain streams through NCD restoration.
C1 [Ernst, Anne G.; Baldigo, Barry P.; Mulvihill, Christiane I.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Vian, Mark] New York City Dept Environm Protect, Kingston, NY 12401 USA.
RP Ernst, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
EM annegall@usgs.gov
FU NYCDEP; GCSWCD; USGS
FX The authors express their appreciation to Rebecca Pratt Miller and Britt
Westergard of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS); to Dan Davis, Phillip
Eskeli, Christina Falk, Amanda LaValle, Sarah Miller, and Elizabeth
Reichheld of the New York City Department of Environmental Protection
(NYCDEP); to Cliff Kraft, Milo Richmond, Beth Boisvert, Mike Compton,
Matthew Horn, Walter Keller, and Marshall Thomas of Cornell University;
to Jake Buchanan, Douglas Dekoski, Joel DuBois, and Rene VanShaack of
the Greene County Soil and Water Conservation District (GCSWCD) and
numerous AmeriCorps and Ulster County Community College interns for
technical support. Comments from Walter Keller, Patrick Kocovsky, Greg
Nagle, and two anonymous reviewers helped to improve this manuscript.
This research was funded by the NYCDEP, GCSWCD, and USGS.
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SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 139
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BP 468
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SC Fisheries
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UT WOS:000277125100011
ER
PT J
AU Pearce, JM
Ramey, AM
Ip, HS
Gill, RE
AF Pearce, John M.
Ramey, Andrew M.
Ip, Hon S.
Gill, Robert E., Jr.
TI Limited evidence of trans-hemispheric movement of avian influenza
viruses among contemporary North American shorebird isolates
SO VIRUS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Avian influenza; Gene segments; Phylogenetic; Shorebird; Surveillance;
Wild bird
ID WILD BIRDS; A VIRUSES; MIGRATORY BIRDS; GENE; EVOLUTION; SURVEILLANCE;
PREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA; WATERFOWL; PATAGONIA
AB Migratory routes of gulls, terns, and shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are known to cross hemispheric boundaries and intersect with outbreak areas of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Prior assessments of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) among species of this taxonomic order found some evidence for trans-hemispheric movement of virus genes. To specifically clarify the role of shorebird species in the trans-hemispheric movement of influenza viruses, assess the temporal variation of Eurasian lineages observed previously among North American shorebirds, and evaluate the necessity for continued sampling of these birds for HPAI in North America, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of >700 contemporary sequences isolated between 2000 and 2008. Evidence for trans-hemispheric reassortment among North American shorebird LPAI gene segments was lower (0.88%) than previous assessments and occurred only among eastern North American isolates. Furthermore, half of the reassortment events occurred in just two isolates. Unique phylogenetic placement of these samples suggests secondary infection and or involvement of other migratory species, such as gulls. Eurasian lineages observed in North American shorebirds before 2000 were not detected among contemporary samples, suggesting temporal variation of LPAI lineages. Results suggest that additional bird migration ecology and virus phylogenetics research is needed to determine the exact mechanisms by which shorebirds in eastern North America become infected with LPAI that contain Eurasian lineage genes. Because of the low prevalence of avian influenza in non-eastern North America sites, thousands more shorebirds will need to be sampled to sufficiently examine genetic diversity and trans-hemispheric exchange of LPAI viruses in these areas. Alternatively, other avian taxa with higher virus prevalence could serve as surrogates to shorebirds for optimizing regional surveillance programs for HPAI through the LPAI phylogenetic approach. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Pearce, John M.; Ramey, Andrew M.; Gill, Robert E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM jpearce@usgs.gov
OI Ramey, Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). We are grateful to S. Haseltine,
R. Kearney, and P. Bright (USGS), D. Rocque and K. Trust (USFWS) for
their support of field collections and laboratory analyses. D. Irons and
L. Sheffield (USFWS), T. Donnelly (USGS), the native communities of St.
Lawrence Island, Alaska, and the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge
(USFWS) assisted with the collection of the Dunlin and Pacific
Golden-Plover isolates. Y. Gillies (USGS Alaska Science Center), D.
Goldberg, Z. Najacht and R. Zane (USGS National Wildlife Health Center;
NWHC) coordinated distribution of sampling materials, receipt of
samples, and data verification. We thank past and current members of the
Diagnostic Virology Laboratory at the USGS NWHC, including T. Egstad, K.
Griffin, A. Hauser, M. Houfe, K. Kooiman, R. Long, A. Miyamoto, J.
Montez, Z. Najacht, S. Nashold, J. TeSlaa, J. Tuscher and A. Ray. P.
Flint and D. Derksen provided comments on an earlier version of this
manuscript. None of the authors have any financial interests or conflict
of interest with this article. Any use of trade names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1702
J9 VIRUS RES
JI Virus Res.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 148
IS 1-2
BP 44
EP 50
DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.12.002
PG 7
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 564ZT
UT WOS:000275258200006
PM 19995585
ER
PT J
AU Fleskes, JP
Fowler, AC
Casazza, ML
Eadie, JM
AF Fleskes, Joseph P.
Fowler, Ada C.
Casazza, Michael L.
Eadie, John M.
TI Population Structure and Relatedness among Female Northern Pintails in
Three California Wintering Regions
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Anus acuta; California; Central Valley; DNA genetics; Northern Pintail
relatedness
ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-MARKERS; SURVIVAL; WATERFOWL; VALLEY; TESTS
AB Female Northern Pintails (Anus acuta) were sampled in California s three main Central Valley wintering regions (Sacramento Valley Suisun Marsh San Joaquin Valley) during September October before most regional movements occur and microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA were analyzed to examine population structure and relatedness Despite reportedly high rates of early fall pairing and regional fidelity both sets of markers indicated that there was little overall genetic structuring by region Pintails from Suisun Marsh did exhibit high er relatedness among individuals and capture groups than in the Sacramento or San Joaquin Valleys likely reflecting a sample comprised of a greater proportion of local breeders The lack of genetic structuring among regions indicates that a high degree of movement and interchange occurs among pintails wintering in the Central Valley Thus although maintaining the existing distribution of pintails among Central Valley regions is important for other reasons It does not appear to be critical to retain current patterns of population genetic variation Because of potential lack of independence among highly related study individuals researchers should consider regional differences in relatedness when designing sampling schemes and interpreting research findings Received 25 February 2009 accepted 1 April 2009
C1 [Fleskes, Joseph P.; Casazza, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
[Fowler, Ada C.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tiemont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011;
OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X
FU U S Geological Survey California Department of Fish; Game California
Waterfowl Association Central Valley Joint Venture Ducks Unlimited Inc;
Grassland Water District; Rice Foundation USFWS; U S Bureau of
Reclamation
FX Blood and feathers samples were from pintails captured during a study of
wintering waterfowl ecology funded by the U S Geological Survey
California Department of Fish and Game California Waterfowl Association
Central Valley Joint Venture Ducks Unlimited Inc Grassland Water
District The Rice Foundation USFWS and U S Bureau of Reclamation We
thank numerous land managers for permit wig access and thank the
technicians and biologists who helped trap E Burns provided logistical
support and helped collect samples Support for data analysis and some
lab analyses were provided by the Dennis G Raveling Waterfowl Endowment
at University of California at Davis and by the U S Agricultural
Experiment Station M Sorenson provided information and guidance on mtDNA
primers and analyses We thank J T Ackerman A G Vandergast and two
anonymous re viewers for comments on earlier drafts Any use of trade
product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U S government
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PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 1
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1675/063.033.0101
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 683TL
UT WOS:000284498000001
ER
PT J
AU Stucker, JH
Cuthbert, FJ
Winn, B
Noel, BL
Maddock, SB
Leary, PR
Cordes, J
Wemmer, LC
AF Stucker, Jennifer H.
Cuthbert, Francesca J.
Winn, Brad
Noel, Brandon L.
Maddock, Sidney B.
Leary, Patrick R.
Cordes, Jeff
Wemmer, Lauren C.
TI Distribution of Non-Breeding Great Lakes Piping Plovers (Charadrius
melodus) along Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Coastlines Ten Years of Band
Sightings
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Charadrius melodus conservation; Critical Habitat endangered species;
Great Lakes; Piping Plover migration; non breeding site fidelity; winter
distribution
ID WESTERN SANDPIPERS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; HABITAT USE; ABUNDANCE; FIDELITY
AB In 1993 a mark recapture effort was initiated to band annually all Great Lakes Piping Plover nesting adults and offspring With voluntary reporting by observers >430 sightings of 154 individually marked Great Lakes banded birds were documented on the wintering grounds during 1995 2005 This paper reports non breeding distribution and site fidelity and identifies Critical Habitat units used by this population during the winter Information obtained through banded bird sightings indicates that the winter range of Great Lakes Piping Plovers extends from North Carolina to Texas and the Bahamas with the majority (75%) of reported individuals wintering in Georgria and Florida About 95% of sightings were near or within federally designated winter Critical Habitat for Piping Plovers Within season (52%) and between year (62%) site fidelity was documented for resightings within 3 5 km of initial sighting Although breeding pairs do not winter in close association there is some evidence to suggest that offspring winter closer to the male rather than the female parent (P value = 0 03) and adult males and females appear to exhibit latitudinal segregation (P value < 0 001) Females reach the winter grounds before males arriving in July and staying through April (similar to 9 months) or 75% of the annual cycle The study is the first to identify winter distribution for the Great Lakes Piping Plover population The significant proportion of the annual cycle spent on the wintering grounds emphasizes the importance of habitat protection during the non breeding season for this federally listed population Received 26 December 2008 accepted 1 December 2009
C1 [Stucker, Jennifer H.; Cuthbert, Francesca J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Winn, Brad] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA.
[Noel, Brandon L.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
Natl Audubon Soc, Buxton, NC 27920 USA.
[Cordes, Jeff] Cape Lookout Natl Seashore, Harkers Isl, NC 28531 USA.
[Wemmer, Lauren C.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Stucker, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
FU U S Fish and Wildlife Service s Panama City; USGS Minnesota Co operative
Fish and Wildlife Research Unit [63]; East Lansing (MI) field offices
FX Preparation of this manuscript was supported by grants from U S Fish and
Wildlife Service s Panama City (FL) and East Lansing (MI) field offices
through Research Work Order #63 with USGS Minnesota Co operative Fish
and Wildlife Research Unit We acknowledge the University of Michigan
Biological Station for supporting plover research for >20 breeding
seasons Assistance interpreting plover observations was provided by E
Price C Haffner O LeDee and V Pomper We thank R VanderLee U S ACE Omaha
District for maintaining the Piping Plover banded plover database
Finally we acknowledge that without hours of observations and careful
record keeping by in my curious individuals this manuscript would not
have been possible A special thank you to T Below whose early reports on
Bandette at Tiger Tail Beach (FL) showed us ne could obtain life history
insights from banded individuals observed during the non bleeding season
The manuscript benefited from comments by E Roche O LeDee D Johnson and
two anonymous reviewers The use of trade product or him names in this
report is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement
by the U S Government
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PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 1
BP 22
EP 32
DI 10.1675/063.033.0103
PG 11
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 683TL
UT WOS:000284498000003
ER
PT J
AU Collazo, JA
Gilliam, JF
Miranda-Castro, L
AF Collazo, Jaime A.
Gilliam, James F.
Miranda-Castro, Leopoldo
TI Functional Response Models to Estimate Feeding Rates of Wading Birds
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ardea alba; Egretta caerulea; Egretta tricolor; Fgretta thula; estuaries
foraging; functional response; man grove swamp; Puerto Rico; wading
birds
ID RESOURCE DEPRESSION; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PREY; EGRETS; INTERFERENCE;
AVAILABILITY; PREDATORS; SHOREBIRD; SUCCESS; HERONS
AB Forager (predator) abundance may mediate feeding rates in wading birds Yet when modeled feeding rates are typically derived from the purely prey dependent Holling Type II (HoII) functional response model Estimates of feeding rates are necessary to evaluate wading bird foraging strategies and their role in food webs thus models that Incorporate predator dependence warrant consideration Here data collected in a mangrove swamp in Puerto Rico in 1994 were reanalyzed reporting feeding rates for mixed species flocks after comparing fits of the HoII model as used in the original work to the Beddington DeAngelis (BD) and Crowley Martin (CM) predator dependent models Model CM received most support (AIC w(1) = 0 44) but models BD and HoII were plausible alternatives (Delta AIC(c) <= 2) Results suggested that feeding rates were constrained by predator abundance Reductions in rates were attributed to interference which was consistent with the independently observed increase in aggression as flock size increased (P < 0 05) Substantial discrepancies between the CM and HoII models were possible depending on flock sizes used to model feeding rates However inferences derived from the HoII model as used in the original work were sound While Holling s Type II and other purely prey-dependent models have fostered advances in wading bird foraging ecology evaluating models that incorporate predator dependence could lead to a more adequate description of data and processes of interest The mechanistic bases used to derive models used here lead to biologically interpretable results and advance understanding of wading bird foraging ecology Received 4 June 2009 accepted 10 October 2009
C1 [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Gilliam, James F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Miranda-Castro, Leopoldo] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RI Gilliam, James/D-5605-2013
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service through the Puerto Rico Department of
Natural and Environmental Resources [F 33]
FX We thank M Sanderson J Cruz M Laboy A Martinez W Miranda and J Morales
for assistance in the field The work was supported by a US Fish and
Wildlife Service Federal Aid Grant (F 33) through the Puerto Rico
Department of Natural and Environmental Resources We thank C Arellano
for statistical advice and R M Erwin T R Simons and an anonymous referee
for reviewing the manuscript
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PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 1
BP 33
EP 40
DI 10.1675/063.033.0104
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 683TL
UT WOS:000284498000004
ER
PT J
AU Herring, G
Ackerman, JT
Eagles-Smith, CA
Takekawa, JY
AF Herring, Garth
Ackerman, Joshua T.
Eagles-Smith, Collin A.
Takekawa, John Y.
TI Sexing California Gulls Using Morphometrics and Discriminant Function
Analysis
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE California; discriminant function; Larus californicus; San Francisco;
Bay sex determination
ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; LARUS; TERNS; DENSITY
AB A discriminant function analysis (DFA) model was developed with DNA sex verification so that external morphology could be used to sex 203 adult California Gulls (Larus californicus) in San Francisco Bay (SFB) The best model was 97% accurate and included head to-bill length culmen depth at the gonys and wing length Using an iterative process the model was simplified to a single measurement (head to-bill length) that still assigned sex correctly 94% of the time A previous California Gull sex determination model developed for a population in Wyoming was then assessed by fitting SFB California Gull measurement data to the Wyoming model this new model failed to converge on the same measurements as those originally used by the Wyoming model Results from the SFB discriminant function model were compared to the Wyoming model results (by using SFB data with the Wyoming model) the SFB model was 7% more accurate for SFB California gulls The simplified DFA model (head to-bill length only) provided highly accurate results (94%) and minimized the measurements and time required to accurately sex California Gulls Received 29 January 2009 accepted 29 November 2009
C1 [Herring, Garth; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Herring, Garth] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
RP Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285
FU State Coastal Conservancy Peninsula Open Space Trust; U S Fish and
Wildlife Service; South Bay Salt Pond Restoration [22911, 23564]
FX The research was funded by the State Coastal Conservancy Peninsula Open
Space Trust South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, and U S Fish and
Wildlife Service Coastal Program in San Francisco Bay The support and
cooperation of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife
Refuge staff (Special Use Permits 11640-2007-009 and 11640-2008-003) and
the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project was appreciated Gulls were
captured and marked under Federal Bird Banding Permit (22911 and 23564)
We thank J Bluso-Demers E Nass S Stoner Duncan L Dembosz A Rex and L Yen
for field work A Buell R Morat L Trulio and C Strong for project support
and J Yee for statistical ad vice J Beerens J Bluso-Demers and S Lantz
provided comments on the manuscript The use of trade product or firm
names in this publication is for descriptive pur poses only and does not
imply endorsement by the U S Government
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PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 1
BP 79
EP 85
DI 10.1675/063.033.0109
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 683TL
UT WOS:000284498000009
ER
PT J
AU Custer, TW
Kannan, K
Tao, L
Yun, SH
Trowbridge, A
AF Custer, Thomas W.
Kannan, Kurunthachalam
Tao, Lin
Yun, Se Hun
Trowbridge, Annette
TI Perfluorinated Compounds and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Great
Blue Heron Eggs from Three Colonies on the Mississippi River, Minnesota
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ardea herodias; eggs; Great Blue Heron; Mississippi River;
perfluorinated compounds; polybrominated diphenyl ethers
ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; HERRING GULL EGGS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE;
CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; WATER
BIRDS; LAKES; PBDES; FLUOROCHEMICALS
AB Archived Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) eggs (N = 16) collected in 1993 from three colonies on the Mississippi River in Minnesota were analyzed in 2007 for perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) One of the three colonies Pig s Eye was located near a presumed source of PFCs Based on a multivariate analysis the pattern of runt PFC concentrations differed significantly between Pig s Eye and the upriver (P = 0 002) and downriver (P = 0 02) colonies but not between the upriver and downriver colonies (P = 0 25) Mean concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) a major PFC compound were significantly higher at the Pig s Eye colony (geometric mean = 940 ng/g wet weight) than at upriver (60 ng/g wet weight) and downriver (131 ng/g wet weight) colonies Perfluorooctane sulfonate concentrations from the Pig s Eye colony are among the highest reported in bird eggs Concentrations of PFOS in Great Blue Heron eggs from Pig s Eye were well below the toxicity thresholds estimated for Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) and Mallards (Anas platyrhyn chos) but within the toxicity threshold estimated for White Leghorn Chickens (Gallus domesticus) The pattern of six PBDE congener concentrations did not differ among the three colonies (P = 0 08) Total PBDE concentrations however were significantly greater (P = 0 03) at Pig s Eye (geometric mean = 142 ng/g wet weight) than the upriver colony (13 ng/g wet weight) Polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in two of six Great Blue Heron eggs from the Pig s Eye colony were within levels associated with altered reproductive behavior in American Kestrels (Fal co sparverius) Received 4 March 2009 accepted 10 April 2009
C1 [Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
[Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Tao, Lin; Yun, Se Hun] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA.
[Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Tao, Lin; Yun, Se Hun] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA.
[Trowbridge, Annette] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Twin Cities Ecol Serv Field Off, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA.
RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519
FU USGS
FX We thank R K Hines and P M Dummer for field and laboratory assistance C
M Custer K Kenow and B Route for comments on the manuscript and the USGS
Quick Response program for funding the PBDE analysis Any use of trade
product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the U S Government
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U1 1
U2 15
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 1
BP 86
EP 95
DI 10.1675/063.033.0110
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 683TL
UT WOS:000284498000010
ER
PT J
AU Igl, LD
Peterson, SL
AF Igl, Lawrence D.
Peterson, Stephen L.
TI Common Snapping Turtle Preys on an Adult Western Grebe
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aechmophorus occidentalis; Chelydra serpentine; predator; snapping
turtle; Western Grebe
ID PREDATION
AB The identification of predators of aquatic birds can be difficult The Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentine) is considered a major predator of water fowl and other aquatic birds but the evidence for this reputation is based largely on circumstantial or indirect evidence rather than direct obseravations Heroin the first documented observations of a snapping turtle attacking and killing an adult Western Grebe (Aechmophorus widen talis) are described Received 21 January 2009 accepted 2 March 2009
C1 [Igl, Lawrence D.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
[Peterson, Stephen L.] Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Igl, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
OI Igl, Lawrence/0000-0003-0530-7266
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U2 5
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 1
BP 105
EP 109
DI 10.1675/063.033.0113
PG 5
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 683TL
UT WOS:000284498000013
ER
PT J
AU Jachowski, DS
Millspaugh, JJ
Biggins, DE
Livieri, TM
Matchett, MR
AF Jachowski, David S.
Millspaugh, Joshua J.
Biggins, Dean E.
Livieri, Travis M.
Matchett, Marc R.
TI Home-range size and spatial organization of black-footed ferrets Mustela
nigripes in South Dakota, USA
SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE black-footed ferret; black-tailed prairie dog; Conata Basin; home range;
Mustela nigripes; space use; volume of intersection; utilization
distribution
ID TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS; SPACE USE; ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTIVITY;
CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; RESOURCE DISPERSION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; EURASIAN
LYNX; FOOD-HABITS; POPULATIONS; DENSITY
AB Effective conservation planning for endangered species depends on an understanding of space use patterns. Black-footed ferrets Mustela nigripes depend on prairie dogs Cynomys sp. as prey and use their burrow systems for shelter. The availability of areas with high densities of active prairie dog burrows is the major factor thought to affect their selection of sites and resources. However, we have little knowledge about how the spatial distribution of active prairie dog burrows might influence the spatial organization and home-range size of ferrets. We monitored the movements of black-footed ferrets on a black-tailed prairie dog C. ludovicianus colony in South Dakota to document ferret space use patterns. Home ranges of female ferrets were 22.9 - 95.6 ha in size ((x) over bar =56.3 ha, SE=19.7, N=6), while male ferret home ranges were on average more than twice as large as those of females ((x) over bar =128.3 ha, SE=68.5, N=3). The home-range size of female ferrets was correlated with mean active prairie dog burrow utilization distribution (UD) value within ferret home ranges, where home-range size decreased as active prairie dog burrow UD value increased (r(2)=0.974, P < 0.001, N=6). Ferret space use overlapped more extensively than previously reported, with up to 43% UD overlap between a ferret and the nearest adjacent ferret of the same sex. Areas of overlap tended to have higher active prairie dog burrow UD values, suggesting that the spatial distribution of active prairie dog burrows influenced both home-range size and the amount of space use overlap between ferrets. These findings emphasize the potential influence of resource distribution on carnivore sociobiology and the importance of considering that distribution in assessing habitat for the reintroduction of specialized species.
C1 [Jachowski, David S.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA.
[Matchett, Marc R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA.
RP Jachowski, DS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM djachowski@email.com; millspaughj@missouri.edu; bigginsd@usgs.gov;
tlivieri@prairiewildlife.org; randy_matchett@fws.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Forest Service; Prairie Wildlife
Research; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0058-0000]; South
Dakota Department of Game; Fish and Parks Small Grants Program; Fish and
Parks Competitive Grants Program; Disney Centennial Refuge Scholarship;
Missouri Chapter of the Wildlife Society; University of Missouri; State
Wildlife [T-35-R]
FX funding and logistical support for this project were provided by the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, Prairie Wildlife
Research, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Grant number
2006-0058-0000), South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks Small
Grants Program, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks
Competitive Grants Program, Disney Centennial Refuge Scholarship,
Missouri Chapter of the Wildlife Society and the University of Missouri.
This study was funded in part by federal funding through State Wildlife
Grant T-35-R, Study 42435, administered through the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. We thank R. Jachowski and D. Hanson for help with
fieldwork. We also thank K. Atchley and D. Sargent who provided valuable
assistance in support of this project. We thank R. Jachowski, C.
Bodinof, D. Eads, C. Rittenhouse, T. Bonnot, C. Hansen, J. Kolar, B.
Keller and B. Dijak for comments that improved the manuscript. Any use
of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
PI RONDE
PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK
SN 0909-6396
J9 WILDLIFE BIOL
JI Wildlife Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 1
BP 66
EP 76
DI 10.2981/09-034
PG 11
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 588HY
UT WOS:000277061200007
ER
PT J
AU Mitchell, MS
Gude, JA
Ausband, DE
Sime, CA
Bangs, EE
Jimenez, MD
Mack, CM
Meier, TJ
Nadeau, MS
Smith, DW
AF Mitchell, Michael S.
Gude, Justin A.
Ausband, David E.
Sime, Carolyn A.
Bangs, Edward E.
Jimenez, Michael D.
Mack, Curt M.
Meier, Thomas J.
Nadeau, M. Steven
Smith, Douglas W.
TI Temporal validation of an estimator for successful breeding pairs of
wolves Canis lupus in the US northern Rocky Mountains
SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE estimator; gray wolf; Idaho; northern Rocky Mountains; Montana;
successful breeding pair; temporal validation; Wyoming
AB Model-based predictors derived from historical data are rarely evaluated before they are used to draw inferences. We performed a temporal validation, (i.e. assessed the performance of a predictive model using data collected from the same population after the model was developed) of a statistical predictor for the number of successful breeding pairs of wolves Canis lupus in the northern Rocky Mountains (NRM). We predicted the number of successful breeding pairs, beta, in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming based on the distribution of pack sizes observed through monitoring in 2006 and 2007 ((beta) over cap), and compared these estimates to the minimum number of successful breeding pairs, beta(MIN), observed through intensive monitoring. beta(MIN) was consistently included within the 95% confidence intervals of (beta) over cap for all states in both years (except for Idaho in 2007), generally following the pattern (beta) over cap (L) (lower 95% prediction interval for (beta) over cap) < <(beta)over cap>(MIN) < <(beta)over cap>. This evaluation of (beta) over cap estimates for 2006 and 2007 suggest it will be a robust model-based method for predicting successful breeding pairs of NRM wolves in the future, provided influences other than those modeled in (beta) over cap (e.g. disease outbreak, severe winter) do not have a strong effect on wolf populations. Managers can use (beta) over cap models with added confidence as part of their post-delisting monitoring of wolves in NRM.
C1 [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Gude, Justin A.; Sime, Carolyn A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Helena, MT 59620 USA.
[Bangs, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
[Jimenez, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA.
[Mack, Curt M.] Nez Perce Tribe, Gray Wolf Recovery Project, Mccall, ID 83638 USA.
[Meier, Thomas J.] Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA.
[Nadeau, M. Steven] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA.
[Smith, Douglas W.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA.
RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu; jgude@nt.gov; david.ausband@mso.umt.edu;
casime@mt.gov; ed_bangs@fws.gov; mike_jimenez@fws.gov;
cmack@nezperce.org; tom_meier@nps.gov; snadeau@idfg.idaho.gov;
doug_smith@nps.gov
RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service; U.S. Forest
Service; U.S. Bureau of Land Management; USDA Wildlife Services;
academic institutions; Nez Perce Tribe; Blackfeet Nation; Confederated
Salish and Kootenai Tribe; Turner Endangered Species Fund; Montana Fish;
Wildlife Parks; Idaho Department of Fish and Game; Wyoming Game and Fish
FX we are very grateful for all the contributions made to wolf monitoring
eft-efts by hundreds of people since 1979. Employees and volunteers
affiliated with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park
Service, U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, USDA
Wildlife Services, academic institutions, Nez Perce Tribe, Blackfeet
Nation, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe, Turner Endangered
Species Fund, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Idaho Department of Fish
and Game, and Wyoming Game and Fish contributed greatly to the data set
we used for our analyses. We are also indebted to the citizens and
private landowners of the Northern Rockies who reported wolves or wolf
sign to agency personnel, which was often the first step in verifying a
new wolf pack. We also thank our pilots for their interest, dedication
and years of safe flying. We thank Associate Editor Olivier Gimenez and
two anonymous referees for their thoughtful comments that improved this
manuscript.
NR 10
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U1 1
U2 9
PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
PI RONDE
PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK
SN 0909-6396
J9 WILDLIFE BIOL
JI Wildlife Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 1
BP 101
EP 106
DI 10.2981/08-068
PG 6
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 588HY
UT WOS:000277061200011
ER
PT J
AU Kaler, RSA
Ebbert, SE
Braun, CE
Sandercock, BK
AF Kaler, Robs S. A.
Ebbert, Steve E.
Braun, Clait E.
Sandercock, Brett K.
TI DEMOGRAPHY OF A REINTRODUCED POPULATION OF EVERMANN'S ROCK PTARMIGAN IN
THE ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WHITE-TAILED PTARMIGAN; WILLOW PTARMIGAN; LAGOPUS-MUTUS; NEW-ZEALAND;
NEST SURVIVAL; INTRODUCED POPULATION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; SAGE-GROUSE;
EGG-SIZE; TRANSLOCATION
AB We report results of a 4-year translocation effort to reestablish a breeding population of Evermann's Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta evermanni) in the Near Islands group of the western Aleutian Archipelago. Habitat restoration was completed by eradication of introduced foxes from Agattu Island by 1979. We captured and moved 75 ptarmigan from Attu Island to Agattu Island during 2003-2006, and monitored 29 radio-marked females in the last 2 years of the study. We compared the demography of newly translocated birds (n = 13) with resident birds established from translocations in previous years (n = 16). Mortality risk was increased by translocation and 15% of females died within 2 weeks of release at Agattu Island. All surviving females attempted to nest but initiated clutches 8 days later in the breeding season and laid 1.5 fewer eggs per clutch than resident females. Probability of nest survival ((x) over bar +/- SE) was good for both translocated (0.72 +/- 0.17) and resident females (0.50 +/- 0.16), and renests were rare. Probability of brood survival was higher among translocated (0.85 +/- 0.14) than resident females (0.25 +/- 0.12), partly as a result of inclement weather in 2006. Fecundity, estimated as female fledglings per breeding female, was relatively low for both translocated (0.9 +/- 0.3) and resident females (0.3 +/- 0.2). No mortalities occurred among radio-marked female ptarmigan during the 10-week breeding season, and the probability of annual survival for females in 2005-2006 was between 0.38 and 0.75. Translocations were successful because females survived, successfully nested, and recruited offspring during the establishment stage. Post-release monitoring provided useful demographic data in this study and should be a key component of translocation programs for wildlife restoration. Future population surveys and additional translocations may be required to ensure long-term viability of the reintroduced population of ptarmigan at Agattu Island. Received 31 July 2008. Accepted 16 July 2009.
C1 [Kaler, Robs S. A.; Sandercock, Brett K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
[Ebbert, Steve E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
[Braun, Clait E.] Grouse Inc, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA.
RP Sandercock, BK (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
EM bsanderc@ksu.edu
RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016
OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268
FU USFWS; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge; U.S. Missile Defense
Agency; Division of Biology at Kansas State University
FX R.B. Benter, J.K. Nooker, M.A. Schroeder, and W.P. Taylor assisted with
capture and translocation of ptarmigan from Attu Island to Agattu
Island. L.A. Kenney and G.T. Warm were dedicated research assistants for
two field seasons at Agattu Island. Captain K.D. Bell and the crew of
the M/V Tiglax provided us with safe passage to the outer Aleutians, and
G.V. Byrd coordinated logistical support for our field project. The
LORAN Station of the U.S. Coast Guard at Attu Island provided housing,
meals and other support during our capture effort. D.P. Armstrong and L.
N. Ellison offered constructive reviews of the manuscript. Funding for
field work for this project was provided by the USFWS, Alaska Maritime
National Wildlife Refuge; and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. The
Division of Biology at Kansas State University provided financial
support to R.S.A. Kaler and B.K. Sandercock. Capture and handling of
birds was conducted under protocols approved by the Institutional Animal
Care and Use Committee at Kansas State University, and capture and
transport permits from the State of Alaska.
NR 76
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U1 3
U2 18
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
EI 1938-5447
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 1
BP 1
EP 14
DI 10.1676/08-099.1
PG 14
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 627LP
UT WOS:000280041300001
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, M
Ruthrauff, DR
McCaffery, BJ
Haig, SM
Walters, JR
AF Johnson, Matthew
Ruthrauff, Daniel R.
McCaffery, Brian J.
Haig, Susan M.
Walters, Jeffrey R.
TI APPARENT SURVIVAL OF BREEDING WESTERN SANDPIPERS ON THE YUKON-KUSKOKWIM
RIVER DELTA, ALASKA
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIDRIS-MAURI; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; SITE FIDELITY; LIFE-HISTORY;
PIPING PLOVERS; PUERTO-RICO; SEX-RATIOS; POPULATION; MIGRATION; RATES
AB We used 8 years of live recapture data (1998-2005) to estimate apparent annual survival for male (n = 237) and female (n = 296) Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) breeding on a 36-ha plot on the Yukon-Kuskokwim River Delta, western Alaska. Apparent annual survival (Phi) is the product of true survival and site fidelity, and estimates of Phi were corrected for the probability of encounter. Overall return rates (individual returned to the study site in a subsequent season) were lower for females (40%) than males (65%), as was Phi (+/- SE, females = 0.65 +/- 0.05, males = 0.78 +/- 0.03), and encounter rate (females = 0.51 +/- 0.07, males = 0.74 +/- 0.04). Results differed from previous estimates of Phi for this species as our estimates of Phi were higher for both males and females compared to estimates from another breeding site and two nonbrceding locations. Disparity among Phi estimates from breeding and nonbreeding areas highlights the need to delineate site-specific factors throughout the annual cycle that influence population dynamics of the Western Sandpiper. Received 30 May 2009. Accepted 9 October 2009.
C1 [Johnson, Matthew; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Ruthrauff, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[McCaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA.
[Walters, Jeffrey R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM matthew_johnson@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge);
Harold F. Bailey Fund at Virginia Tech; U.S. Geological Service (Forest
and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center)
FX We thank the staff of the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge for
supporting this research. Financial support was received from the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge), the
Harold F. Bailey Fund at Virginia Tech, and the U.S. Geological Service
(Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center). We thank T.L. Booms,
J.R. Conklin, Z.M. Fairbanks, C.E. Fitzpatrick, L. F. Hamblin, P.N.
Laver, B.L. Johnson, Silke Nebel, A.C. Niehaus, L.W. Oring, D.J.
Rizzolo, and M.K. Spies for assistance in the field. G.J. Fernandez,
D.B. Lank, C.A. Nicolai, C.M. Taylor, B.K. Sandercock, and two anonymous
reviewers provided assistance and comments that greatly improved this
manuscript. Any use of trade, or firm names is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 66
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 10
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
EI 1938-5447
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 1
BP 15
EP 22
DI 10.1676/09-089.1
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 627LP
UT WOS:000280041300002
ER
PT J
AU Strobel, BN
Boal, CW
AF Strobel, Brad N.
Boal, Clint W.
TI REGIONAL VARIATION IN DIETS OF BREEDING RED-SHOULDERED HAWKS
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HABITAT USE; SOUTHWESTERN OHIO; HOME-RANGE; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; PREY;
CALIFORNIA; NESTS; IOWA
AB We collected data on breeding season diet composition of Red-shouldered Hawks (Buteo lineatus) in south Texas and compared these data, and those reported from studies elsewhere to examine large scale spatial variation in prey use in eastern North America. Red-shouldered Hawk diets aligned into two significantly different groups, which appear to correlate with latitude. The diets of Red-shouldered Hawks in group I, which are of more northern latitudes, had significantly more mammalian prey and significantly less amphibian prey than those in group 2, which are at more southerly latitudes. Our meta-analysis demonstrated the dietary flexibility of Red-shouldered Hawks, which likely accounts for their broad distribution by exploiting regional variations in taxon-specific prey availability. Received 27 April 2009. Accepted 28 August 2009.
C1 [Strobel, Brad N.; Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP Strobel, BN (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM bradley.strobel@ttu.edu
RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008
FU Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation; Houston Safari Club
FX We thank the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation for indispensable
financial and logistic support as well as the U.S. Geological Survey,
Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Texas Tech
University. Additional funding was provided by the Houston Safari Club.
We appreciate Terry Blankenship's assistance with prey identification
and Carey Haralson for field and technical assistance. We also thank
Jeff Rooke and the staff of the Twin Oaks Hunting Resort. The use of
trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for informative
purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S.
Government, U.S. Geological Survey, or Texas Tech University. This is
Welder Wildlife Foundation Contribution Number 688.
NR 34
TC 5
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U1 1
U2 10
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 1
BP 68
EP 74
DI 10.1676/09-071.1
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 627LP
UT WOS:000280041300009
ER
PT J
AU Vilella, FJ
Baldassarre, GA
AF Vilella, Francisco J.
Baldassarre, Guy A.
TI ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATERBIRDS IN THE LLANOS OF VENEZUELA
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PATTERNS; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; VEGETATION; HABITAT
AB The Llanos is a significant waterbird site in the Western Hemisphere, but abundance and distribution of waterbirds across this vast region are poorly known, which hampers conservation initiatives. We used point counts along road routes in the Llanos region of Venezuela to examine abundance and distribution of waterbirds during 2000-2002 within five ecoregions across the Llanos. We detected 69 species of waterbirds and recorded 283,566 individuals, of which 10 species accounted for 80% of our observations. Wading birds (Ciconiiformes) represented the largest guild both in numbers of species (26) and individuals (55%), followed by waterfowl (26%), and shorebirds (11%). Five species comprised 62% of all individuals: Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), White-faced Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna viduata), Black-bellied Whistling Duck (D. autumnalis), Great Egret (Ardea alba), and Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana). Wading birds were particularly ubiquitous with at least 21 of 26 species recorded in each of the ecoregions. Species richness (66), proportion of waterbirds detected (54%), and mean number of birds per route (1,459) were highest in the Banco-Bajio-Estero savanna ecoregion. Our study provides the most comprehensive data set available on waterbirds in the Llanos of Venezuela and highlights regions of special conservation concern. Received 20 April 2009. Accepted 7 October 2009.
C1 [Vilella, Francisco J.] Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Baldassarre, Guy A.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
RP Vilella, FJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM fvilella@cfr.msstate.edu
FU Ducks Unlimited; International Programs Office of the USDA Forest
Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of our friend and collaborator,
Prof. Gilberto Rios-Uzcategui of the Universidad de los Llanos
Occidentales in Venezuela. Funding for this research was provided by
Ducks Unlimited, the International Programs Office of the USDA Forest
Service, and the Neotropical Migrant Bird Conservation Program of the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We especially thank Bruce Batt of Ducks
Unlimited and Doug Ryan of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for
logistic and administrative support. We are indebted to Mark Gregory and
Alexis Araujo for field assistance. We are especially grateful to the
caretakers and landowners of the following ranches for access to their
properties and use of facilities: Hato El Frio, Hato El Cedral, Hato
Pinero, Hato Fernando Corrales, and Mantecal. The manuscript was greatly
improved by comments from two anonymous referees.
NR 43
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U1 1
U2 6
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 1
BP 102
EP 115
DI 10.1676/09-070.1
PG 14
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 627LP
UT WOS:000280041300014
ER
PT J
AU Baldwin, HQ
Jeske, CW
Powell, MA
Chadwick, PC
Barrow, WC
AF Baldwin, Heather Q.
Jeske, Clinton W.
Powell, Melissa A.
Chadwick, Paul C.
Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.
TI HOME-RANGE SIZE AND SITE TENACITY OF OVERWINTERING LE CONTE'S SPARROWS
IN A FIRE MANAGED PRAIRIE
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GRASSLAND BIRD COMMUNITIES; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; HENSLOWS SPARROWS;
HABITAT; WINTER; PATTERNS; SPACE
AB We evaluated home-range size and site tenacity of Le Conte's Sparrows (Ammodramus lecontii) during winter 2002-2003 at Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Texas. Twenty-six wintering Le Conte's Sparrows were radiomarked in 1- and 2-year post-burn units, and monitored for similar to 10 days. Additionally, 1-ha plots on each 1-, 2- and 3-year (n = 15) post-burn units were flush-netted once monthly. Telemetry results indicated Le Conte's Sparrows were sedentary during winter with a 50% probability mean home-range of 2.41 ha (72% < 1 ha) and a 95% probability mean home range of 10.31 ha (44% < 1 ha and 55% < 1.5 ha). Home-range size did not differ between post-burn year 1 and 2 (P = 0.227). Le Conte's Sparrows appeared to exhibit a behavioral response to flush-netting (P < 0.001) with estimated capture probability of 0.462 and recapture probability of 0.056. Our findings suggest Le Conte's Sparrows remain fairly sedentary throughout the winter. Received 28 March 2008. Accepted 7 August 2009.
C1 [Baldwin, Heather Q.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Jeske, Clinton W.; Chadwick, Paul C.; Barrow, Wylie C., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Powell, Melissa A.] Natl Pk Serv, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
RP Baldwin, HQ (reprint author), USGS, IAP World Serv, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM heather_baldwin@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in a
cooperative effort with Regions 2 and 4 of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. We thank the field crew: M. A. Powell, S.W. Stuart, J.A. Ummel,
and M.L. Keprta. We especially thank employees and volunteers associated
with the Texas Mid-Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Gulf Coast
Bird Observatory, USGS National Wetlands Research Center, and Texas
Parks and Wildlife Department who devoted their time to this project. We
thank J.B. Grace, L.K. Allain, W.G. Vermilion, T.C. Michot, F.C. Rohwer,
P.E. Lowther, L.D. Igl, and C.E. Braun for editorial comments and
advice. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 38
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U1 0
U2 6
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
EI 1938-5447
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD MAR
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 1
BP 139
EP 145
DI 10.1676/08-160.1
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 627LP
UT WOS:000280041300018
ER
PT J
AU Jankowski, MD
Franson, JC
Mostl, E
Porter, WP
Hofmeister, EK
AF Jankowski, Mark D.
Franson, J. Christian
Moestl, Erich
Porter, Warren P.
Hofmeister, Erik K.
TI Testing independent and interactive effects of corticosterone and
synergized resmethrin on the immune response to West Nile virus in
chickens
SO TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Resmethrin; Corticosterone; West Nile virus; Avian; Immunotoxicology;
Insecticide
ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT;
HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; PIPERONYL-BUTOXIDE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CULEX-PIPIENS;
IN-VITRO; TOXICITY; PERMETHRIN
AB Public health agencies utilize aerial insecticides to interrupt an active West Nile virus (WNV) transmission cycle, which may expose WNV-infected birds to these agents. Although resmethrin has been considered benign to birds, no studies have evaluated whether the environmentally employed form of resmethrin with PBO synergist (synergized resmethrin (SR)) can suppress avian immunity to WNV infection and enhance a bird's host competence. Recognizing that wild birds confront toxicological stressors in the context of various physiological states, we exposed four groups (n = 9-11) of 9-week-old chickens (Gallus domesticus) to drinking water with either SR (three alternate days at 50 mu g/l resmethrin + 150 mu g/l piperonyl butoxide), CURT (10 days at 20 mg/l to induce subacute stress), the combination of SR and CURT, or 0.10% ethanol vehicle coincident with WNV infection. Compared to controls, SR treatment did not magnify but extended viremia by 1 day, and depressed IgG: CURT treatment elevated (mean, 4.26 log(10) PFU/ml) and extended viremia by 2 days, enhanced IgM and IgG, and increased oral virus. The combination of SR and CURT increased the number of chickens that shed oral virus compared to those treated with CURT alone. None of the chickens developed a readily infectious viremia to mosquitoes (none >= 5 log(10) PFU/ml), but viremia in a CURT-exposed chicken was up to 4.95 log(10) PFU/ml. Given that SR is utilized during WNV outbreaks, continued work toward a complete risk assessment of the potential immunotoxic effects of SR is warranted. This would include parameterization of SR exposures with immunological consequences in wild birds using both replicating (in the laboratory) and non-replicating (in the field) antigens. As a start, this study indicates that SR can alter some immunological parameters, but with limited consequences to primary WNV infection outcome, and that elevated CURT mildly enhances SRs immunotoxicity in chickens. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
C1 [Jankowski, Mark D.; Porter, Warren P.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Jankowski, Mark D.; Porter, Warren P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Jankowski, Mark D.; Franson, J. Christian; Hofmeister, Erik K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Moestl, Erich] Univ Vet Med, Dept Nat Sci Biochem, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
RP Jankowski, MD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM mdjankowski@lanl.gov
RI Mostl, Erich/G-1748-2010;
OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007015, T32 ES007015-30]
NR 46
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
IRELAND
SN 0300-483X
J9 TOXICOLOGY
JI Toxicology
PD FEB 28
PY 2010
VL 269
IS 1
BP 81
EP 88
DI 10.1016/j.tox.2010.01.010
PG 8
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 576IB
UT WOS:000276136600009
PM 20096745
ER
PT J
AU Masterlark, T
Haney, M
Dickinson, H
Fournier, T
Searcy, C
AF Masterlark, Timothy
Haney, Matthew
Dickinson, Haylee
Fournier, Tom
Searcy, Cheryl
TI Rheologic and structural controls on the deformation of Okmok volcano,
Alaska: FEMs, InSAR, and ambient noise tomography
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SURFACE-WAVE TOMOGRAPHY; LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA;
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; 1997 ERUPTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; VELOCITY MODELS;
SEISMIC NOISE; LAVA FLOWS; INTERFEROMETRY
AB Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data indicate that the caldera of Okmok volcano, Alaska, subsided more than a meter during its eruption in 1997. The large deformation suggests a relatively shallow magma reservoir beneath Okmok. Seismic tomography using ambient ocean noise reveals two low-velocity zones (LVZs). The shallow LVZ corresponds to a region of weak, fluid-saturated materials within the caldera and extends from the caldera surface to a depth of 2 km. The deep LVZ clearly indicates the presence of the magma reservoir beneath Okmok that is significantly deeper (>4 km depth) compared to previous geodetic-based estimates (3 km depth). The deep LVZ associated with the magma reservoir suggests magma remains in a molten state between eruptions. We construct finite element models (FEMs) to simulate deformation caused by mass extraction from a magma reservoir that is surrounded by a viscoelastic rind of country rock embedded in an elastic domain that is partitioned to account for the weak caldera materials observed with tomography. This configuration allows us to reduce the estimated magma reservoir depressurization to within lithostatic constraints, while simultaneously maintaining the magnitude of deformation required to predict the InSAR data. More precisely, the InSAR data are best predicted by an FEM simulating a rind viscosity of 7.5 x 10(16) Pa s and a mass flux of -4.2 x 10(9) kg/d from the magma reservoir. The shallow weak layer within the caldera provides a coeruption stress regime and neutral buoyancy horizon that support lateral magma propagation from the central magma reservoir to extrusion near the rim of the caldera.
C1 [Masterlark, Timothy; Dickinson, Haylee] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Searcy, Cheryl] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Fournier, Tom] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Masterlark, T (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
EM masterlark@geo.ua.edu
RI Fournier, Thomas/A-9269-2008
FU U.S. Geological Survey/ARRA award [G10AC00039]; U.S. Geological Survey
Mendenhall Program
FX This work is supported in part by U.S. Geological Survey/ARRA award
G10AC00039 and the U.S. Geological Survey Mendenhall Program. Academic
licensing for Abaqus software is provided by Simulia, Dassault Systemes.
Insightful reviews by Michael P. Ryan (Associate Editor), Andrew Newman,
and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved this paper. Matthew Haney
wishes to thank David Aldridge for access to the 2-D tomography code
PRONTO. Timothy Masterlark thanks Kurt Feigl, Allan Rubin, and Clifford
Thurber for helpful discussions and guidance. James Dixon kindly
provided assistance with the seismicity catalog of the Alaska Volcano
Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 95
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD FEB 27
PY 2010
VL 115
AR B02409
DI 10.1029/2009JB006324
PG 22
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 562GF
UT WOS:000275037200002
ER
PT J
AU dos Santos, RG
Martins, AS
Torezani, E
Baptistotte, C
Farias, JD
Horta, PA
Work, TM
Balazs, GH
AF dos Santos, Robson Guimaraes
Martins, Agnaldo Silva
Torezani, Evelise
Baptistotte, Cecilia
Farias, Julyana da Nobrega
Horta, Paulo Antunes
Work, Thierry M.
Balazs, George H.
TI Relationship between fibropapillomatosis and environmental quality: a
case study with Chelonia mydas off Brazil
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Fibropapillomatosis; Environmental quality; Chelonia mydas; Green
turtle; Ecological index; Brazil
ID GREEN TURTLE FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SEA-TURTLES;
BIODIVERSITY; HERPESVIRUS; MACROALGAE; COMMUNITY; PATHOLOGY; PATTERNS;
WILDLIFE
AB We documented the presence of fibropapillomatosis (FP), a debilitating tumor-forming disease, in marine turtles in Espirito Santo Bay (Brazil) from March 2007 to April 2008, and assessed the value of a specific environmental index for predicting the prevalence of FP. Turtles were captured monthly with entanglement nets and scored for presence and severity of FP. For the assessment of habitat quality, we used the ecological evaluation index (EEI) based on benthic macrophytes. The FP-free control area was classified as good quality (EEI = 8) and the study area, with high FP prevalence, was classified as bad quality (EEI = 2). Prevalence of FP in the study area was 58.3% with an average of 40 tumors per individual, and prevalence varied positively with curved carapace length (CCL). No FP was seen in the control area. The number of turtles heavily afflicted (tumor score category 3) was 10 times larger than those lightly affected (tumor score category 1). Most tumors were found on or near the front and rear flippers; no oral tumors or internal tumors were found. At recapture, 41% of formerly tumor-free turtles revealed FP, often increasing in severity with time, and very few turtles showed signs of disease regression. From the results of this study we concluded that FP is particularly severe in Espirito Santo Bay. Future studies should focus on evaluating how widespread FP is in Brazil, whether prevalence is increasing or decreasing, and elucidating the pathology and pathogenesis of FP in sea turtles in Brazil.
C1 [dos Santos, Robson Guimaraes; Martins, Agnaldo Silva] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
[Torezani, Evelise; Baptistotte, Cecilia] Projeto TAMAR ICMBio, BR-29040715 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
[Farias, Julyana da Nobrega; Horta, Paulo Antunes] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CCB, Dept Bot, BR-88010970 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
[Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
[Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP dos Santos, RG (reprint author), Univ Fed Espirito Santo, CCHN, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
EM robsongsantos@gmail.com
RI Martins, Agnaldo/F-1615-2011; Horta, Paulo/E-5236-2013; SANTOS,
ROBSON/E-7183-2010; Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; Horta, Paulo/L-3092-2015
OI Martins, Agnaldo/0000-0003-2160-1326; SANTOS,
ROBSON/0000-0001-5240-6799; Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090;
FU FAPES; CAPES; TAMAR/ICMBio; CNPq [308867/2006-8]
FX We thank the FAPES, CAPES, TAMAR/ICMBio and CNPq (ASM grant
308867/2006-8) for the financial support, the TAMAR team for helping
with the field work, Acqua Sub and its team for lending SCUBA equipment
and helping in the collecting of macroalgae.
NR 49
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 3
U2 26
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD FEB 24
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 1
BP 87
EP 95
DI 10.3354/dao02178
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 571FT
UT WOS:000275737800010
PM 20391916
ER
PT J
AU Webster, JM
Clague, DA
Faichney, IDE
Fullagar, PD
Hein, JR
Moore, JG
Paull, CK
AF Webster, Jody M.
Clague, David A.
Faichney, Iain D. E.
Fullagar, Paul D.
Hein, James R.
Moore, James G.
Paull, Charles K.
TI Early Pleistocene origin of reefs around Lanai, Hawaii
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hawaii; Lanai; early Pleistocene; Sr isotope stratigraphy; coral reef
evolution
ID STRONTIUM-ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LOOK-UP TABLE; ROCKY
SHORELINES; HULOPOE GRAVEL; GIANT WAVE; SUBSIDENCE; MARINE; ISLAND; AGE
AB A sequence of submerged terraces (L1-L12) offshore Lanai was previously interpreted as reefal, and correlated with a similar series of reef terraces offshore Hawaii island, whose ages are known to be < 500 ka. We present bathymetric, observational, lithologic and 51 (87)Sr/(86)Sr isotopic measurements for the submerged Lanai terraces ranging from -300 to -1000 m (L3-L12) that indicate that these terraces are drowned reef systems that grew in shallow coral reef to intermediate and deeper fore-reef slope settings since the early Pleistocene. Age estimates based on (87)Sr/(86)Sr isotopic measurements on corals, coralline algae, echinoids, and bulk sediments, although lacking the precision (similar to +/- 0.23 Ma) to distinguish the age-depth relationship and drowning times of individual reefs, indicate that the L12-L3 reefs range in age from similar to 1.3-0.5 Ma and are therefore about 0.5-0.8 Ma older than the corresponding reefs around the Hanks of Hawaii. These new age data, despite their lack of precision and the influence of later-stage submarine diagenesis on some analyzed Corals, clearly revise the previous correlations between the reefs off Lanai and Hawaii. Soon after the end of major shield building (similar to 1.3-1.2 Ma), the Lanai reefs initiated growth and went through a period of rapid subsidence and reef drowning associated with glacial/interglacial cycles similar to that experienced by the Hawaii reefs. However, their early Pleistocene initiation means they experienced a longer, more complex growth history than their Hawaii counterparts. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Webster, Jody M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
[Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
[Faichney, Iain D. E.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Fullagar, Paul D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
[Hein, James R.; Moore, James G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Webster, JM (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
EM jody.webster@sydney.edu.au
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NSF [OCE-00-02470]
FX We acknowledge the support of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation
through a grant to MBARI. We also thank NOAA's Hawaiian Undersea
Research Laboratory (HURL) for their work in the 1980 s during the
Pisces submersible dives. Dredge 9 in 2005 was completed during cruise
TUIM01 on the R/V Melville under NSF sponsorship (OCE-00-02470 to Gabi
Laske). We thank Don Potts and Juan Carlos Braga for their assistance
with the identification and interpretation of the fossil reef biota. We
are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and the editor Peggy Delaney for
their very constructive comments which improved the manuscript.
NR 57
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD FEB 20
PY 2010
VL 290
IS 3-4
BP 331
EP 339
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.029
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 565PK
UT WOS:000275306200010
ER
PT J
AU Arkle, RS
Pilliod, DS
AF Arkle, Robert S.
Pilliod, David S.
TI Prescribed fires as ecological surrogates for wildfires: A stream and
riparian perspective
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Prescribed fire; Wildfire surrogate; Burn severity; Mixed conifer
forest; Riparian; Stream; Aquatic macroinvertebrate; Tailed frog; Idaho
ID FUEL REDUCTION METHODS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS;
PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATIONAL FIRE; FOREST HEALTH; WESTERN USA; FOOD WEBS;
DISTURBANCE; AMPHIBIANS
AB Forest managers use prescribed fire to reduce wildfire risk and to provide resource benefits, yet little information is available on whether prescribed fires can function as ecological surrogates for wildfire in fire-prone landscapes. Information on impacts and benefits of this management tool on stream and riparian ecosystems is particularly lacking. We used a beyond-BACI (Before, After, Control, Impact) design to investigate the effects of a prescribed fire on a stream ecosystem and compared these findings to similar data collected after wildfire. For 3 years after prescribed fire treatment, we found no detectable changes in periphyton, macroinvertebrates, amphibians, fish, and riparian and stream habitats compared to data collected over the same time period in four unburned reference streams. Based on changes in fuels, plant and litter cover, and tree scorching, this prescribed fire was typical of those being implemented in ponderosa pine forests throughout the western U.S. However, we found that the extent and severity of riparian vegetation burned was substantially lower after prescribed fire compared to nearby wildfires. The early-season prescribed fire did not mimic the riparian or in-stream ecological effects observed following a nearby wildfire, even in catchments with burn extents similar to the prescribed fire. Little information exists on the effects of long-term fire exclusion from riparian forests, but a "prescribed fire regime" of repeatedly burning upland forests while excluding fire in adjacent riparian forests may eliminate an important natural disturbance from riparian and stream habitats. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
[Arkle, Robert S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
[Pilliod, David S.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT USA.
RP Arkle, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
EM rarkle@usgs.gov; dpilliod@usgs.gov
OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518
NR 59
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 5
U2 57
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD FEB 20
PY 2010
VL 259
IS 5
BP 893
EP 903
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.029
PG 11
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 564OB
UT WOS:000275223300005
ER
PT J
AU Hilley, GE
DeLong, S
Prentice, C
Blisniuk, K
Arrowsmith, J
AF Hilley, G. E.
DeLong, S.
Prentice, C.
Blisniuk, K.
Arrowsmith, Jr.
TI Morphologic dating of fault scarps using airborne laser swath mapping
(ALSM) data
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CALIFORNIA; LANDFORMS
AB Models of fault scarp morphology have been previously used to infer the relative age of different fault scarps in a fault zone using labor-intensive ground surveying. We present a method for automatically extracting scarp morphologic ages within high-resolution digital topography. Scarp degradation is modeled as a diffusive mass transport process in the across-scarp direction. The second derivative of the modeled degraded fault scarp was normalized to yield the best-fitting (in a least-squared sense) scarp height at each point, and the signal-to-noise ratio identified those areas containing scarp-like topography. We applied this method to three areas along the San Andreas Fault and found correspondence between the mapped geometry of the fault and that extracted by our analysis. This suggests that the spatial distribution of scarp ages may be revealed by such an analysis, allowing the recent temporal development of a fault zone to be imaged along its length. Citation: Hilley, G. E., S. DeLong, C. Prentice, K. Blisniuk, and JR. Arrowsmith (2010), Morphologic dating of fault scarps using airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04301, doi: 10.1029/2009GL042044.
C1 [Hilley, G. E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[DeLong, S.; Prentice, C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Blisniuk, K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Arrowsmith, Jr.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA.
RP Hilley, GE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Braun Hall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM hilley@stanford.edu
OI DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172
FU Stanford University
FX GEH acknowledges support from the Terman Fellowship provided by Stanford
University. We acknowledge T. Hanks, T. Perron, and an anonymous
reviewer for insightful and constructive comments that improved the
manuscript.
NR 13
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD FEB 18
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L04301
DI 10.1029/2009GL042044
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 558ZI
UT WOS:000274788500002
ER
PT J
AU Stohlgren, TJ
Jarnevich, CS
Giri, CP
AF Stohlgren, Thomas J.
Jarnevich, Catherine S.
Giri, Chandra P.
TI Modeling the human invader in the United States
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE land use change; spatial models; species-environment matching models;
Maxent
ID GRASSLAND BIRDS; HABITAT LOSS; URBANIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS;
CONSERVATION; COMPLETION; LANDSCAPE; STREAMS
AB Modern biogeographers recognize that humans are seen as constituents of ecosystems, drivers of significant change, and perhaps, the most invasive species on earth. We found it instructive to model humans as invasive organisms with the same environmental factors. We present a preliminary model of the spread of modern humans in the conterminous United States between 1992 and 2001 based on a subset of National Land Cover Data ( NLCD), a time series LANDSAT product. We relied on the commonly used Maxent model, a species-environmental matching model, to map urbanization. Results: Urban areas represented 5.1% of the lower 48 states in 2001, an increase of 7.5% (18,112 km(2)) in the nine year period. At this rate, an area the size of Massachusetts is converted to urban land use every ten years. We used accepted models commonly used for mapping plant and animal distributions and found that climatic and environmental factors can strongly predict our spread (i.e., the conversion of forests, shrub/grass, and wetland areas into urban areas), with a 92.5% success rate (Area Under the Curve). Adding a roads layer in the model improved predictions to a 95.5% success rate. 8.8% of the 1-km(2) cells in the conterminous U.S. now have a major road in them. In 2001, 0.8% of 1-km(2) cells in the U.S. had an urbanness value of > 800, (> 89% of a 1-km(2) cell is urban), while we predict that 24.5% of 1-km(2) cells in the conterminous U.S. will be > 800 eventually. Main conclusion: Humans have a highly predictable pattern of urbanization based on climatic and topographic variables. Conservation strategies may benefit from that predictability.
C1 [Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Giri, Chandra P.] USGS, ARSC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov; jarnevichc@usgs.gov; cgiri@usgs.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NRA-03-OES-03]; USDA
CSREES/NRI [2008-35615-04666]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change
Program
FX We thank Geneva Chong and Mohammed Kalkhan for comments on the
methodology and early versions of the manuscript. Logistic support was
provided by the U. S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center and
the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes
only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding for
this work was partially provided by a grant from the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NRA-03-OES-03), USDA CSREES/NRI
2008-35615-04666, and the U.S. Geological Survey Climate Change Program.
Two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. To all we are grateful.
NR 29
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 12
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS
JI J. Appl. Remote Sens.
PD FEB 18
PY 2010
VL 4
AR 043509
DI 10.1117/1.3357386
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 601ID
UT WOS:000278050900001
ER
PT J
AU Yu, X
Hsu, TJ
Hanes, DM
AF Yu, Xiao
Hsu, Tian-Jian
Hanes, Daniel M.
TI Sediment transport under wave groups: Relative importance between
nonlinear waveshape and nonlinear boundary layer streaming
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID OSCILLATORY SHEET FLOW; SUSPENDED SAND CONCENTRATION; NATURAL BEACH;
BED; TURBULENCE; WATER; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION; MIGRATION; NEARSHORE
AB Sediment transport under nonlinear waves in a predominately sheet flow condition is investigated using a two-phase model. Specifically, we study the relative importance between the nonlinear waveshape and nonlinear boundary layer streaming on cross-shore sand transport. Terms in the governing equations because of the nonlinear boundary layer process are included in this one-dimensional vertical (1DV) model by simplifying the two-dimensional vertical (2DV) ensemble-averaged two-phase equations with the assumption that waves propagate without changing their form. The model is first driven by measured time series of near-bed flow velocity because of a wave group during the SISTEX99 large wave flume experiment and validated with the measured sand concentration in the sheet flow layer. Additional studies are then carried out by including and excluding the nonlinear boundary layer terms. It is found that for the grain diameter (0.24 mm) and high-velocity skewness wave condition considered here, nonlinear waveshape (e. g., skewness) is the dominant mechanism causing net onshore transport and nonlinear boundary layer streaming effect only causes an additional 36% onshore transport. However, for conditions of relatively low-wave skewness and a stronger offshore directed current, nonlinear boundary layer streaming plays a more critical role in determining the net transport. Numerical experiments further suggest that the nonlinear boundary layer streaming effect becomes increasingly important for finer grain. When the numerical model is driven by measured near-bed flow velocity in a more realistic surf zone setting, model results suggest nonlinear boundary layer processes may nearly double the onshore transport purely because of nonlinear waveshape.
C1 [Yu, Xiao; Hsu, Tian-Jian] Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Hanes, Daniel M.] USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Yu, X (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM yuxiao@udel.edu
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0154, N00014-09-1-0134]; National
Science Foundation [OCE-0913283]
FX This study is supported by Office of Naval Research (N00014-07-1-0154;
N00014-09-1-0134) and National Science Foundation (OCE-0913283). We also
like to thank C. M. Dohmen-Janssen (University of Twente) and D. T. Cox
(Oregon State University) for generously providing their experimental
data.
NR 51
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD FEB 16
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C02013
DI 10.1029/2009JC005348
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 558ZU
UT WOS:000274789900001
ER
PT J
AU Yuan, WP
Liu, SG
Liu, HP
Randerson, JT
Yu, GR
Tieszen, LL
AF Yuan, Wenping
Liu, Shuguang
Liu, Heping
Randerson, James T.
Yu, Guirui
Tieszen, Larry L.
TI Impacts of precipitation seasonality and ecosystem types on
evapotranspiration in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID MEAN ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES; GROSS PRIMARY
PRODUCTION; PLANT FUNCTIONAL-TYPE; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; STOMATAL
CONDUCTANCE; BOREAL FOREST; ENERGY-BALANCE; CARBON BALANCE; WATER
DYNAMICS
AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is the largest component of water loss from terrestrial ecosystems; however, large uncertainties exist when estimating the temporal and spatial variations of ET because of concurrent shifts in the magnitude and seasonal distribution of precipitation as well as differences in the response of ecosystem ET to environmental variabilities. In this study, we examined the impacts of precipitation seasonality and ecosystem types on ET quantified by eddy covariance towers from 2002 to 2004 in three ecosystems (grassland, deciduous broadleaf forest, and evergreen needleleaf forest) in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska. The annual precipitation changed greatly in both magnitude and seasonal distribution through the three investigated years. Observations and model results showed that ET was more sensitive to precipitation scarcity in the early growing season than in the late growing season, which was the direct result of different responses of ET components to precipitation in different seasons. The results demonstrated the importance of seasonal variations of precipitation in regulating annual ET and overshadowing the function of annual precipitation. Comparison of ET among ecosystems over the growing season indicated that ET was largest in deciduous broadleaf, intermediate in evergreen needleleaf, and lowest in the grassland ecosystem. These ecosystem differences in ET were related to differences in successional stages and physiological responses.
C1 [Yuan, Wenping] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Yuan, Wenping; Liu, Shuguang; Tieszen, Larry L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
[Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Liu, Heping] Jackson State Univ, Dept Phys Atmospher Sci & Geosci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA.
[Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Yu, Guirui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Synth Res Ctr Chinese Ecosyst Res Network, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
RP Yuan, WP (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM wenpingyuancn@yahoo.com
RI 于, 贵瑞/C-1768-2014
FU Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD); Land Remote Sensing (LRS); Geographic
Analysis and Monitoring (GAM); Global Change Office (GCO) of U. S.
Geological Survey
FX We appreciate support from the Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD), Land Remote
Sensing (LRS), Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM), and the Global
Change Office (GCO) of U. S. Geological Survey. We gratefully
acknowledge the great comments and language editions from Bruce. K.
Wylie, Bo Tao, Craig Walters, and Thomas Adamson.
NR 74
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 25
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD FEB 16
PY 2010
VL 46
AR W02514
DI 10.1029/2009WR008119
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 559AJ
UT WOS:000274791800003
ER
PT J
AU Yang, YN
Van Metre, PC
Mahler, BJ
Wilson, JT
Ligouis, B
Razzaque, MM
Schaeffer, DJ
Werth, CJ
AF Yang, Yaning
Van Metre, Peter C.
Mahler, Barbara J.
Wilson, Jennifer T.
Ligouis, Bertrand
Razzaque, Md. Muhit
Schaeffer, David J.
Werth, Charles J.
TI Influence of Coal-Tar Sealcoat and Other Carbonaceous Materials on
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Loading in an Urban Watershed
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; ROAD DUST; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT;
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; PAH SPECIATION; UNITED-STATES;
STREET DUST; TRANSPORT; SORPTION
AB Carbonaceous material (CM) particles are the principal vectors transporting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into urban waters via runoff; however, characteristics of CM particles in urban watersheds and their relative contributions to PAH contamination remain unclear. Our objectives were to identify the sources and distribution of CM particles in an urban watershed and to determine the types of CMs that were the dominant sources of PAHs in the lake and stream sediments. Samples of soils, parking lot and street dust, and streambed and lake sediment were collected from the Lake Como watershed in Fort Worth, Texas. Characteristics of CM particles determined by organic petrography and a significant correlation between PAH concentrations and organic carbon in coal tar, asphalt and soot indicate that these three CM particle types are the major sources and carriers of PAHs in the watershed. Estimates of the distribution of PAHs in CM particles indicate that coal-tar pitch, used in some pavement sealcoats, is a dominant source of PAHs in the watershed, and contributes as much as 99% of the PAHs in sealed parking lot dust, 92% in unsealed parking lot dust, 88% in commercial area soil, 71% in streambed sediment and 84% in surficial lake sediment.
C1 [Yang, Yaning; Schaeffer, David J.; Werth, Charles J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL USA.
[Van Metre, Peter C.; Mahler, Barbara J.; Wilson, Jennifer T.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA.
[Ligouis, Bertrand] Univ Tubingen, Labs Appl Organ Petrol, Tubingen, Germany.
[Razzaque, Md. Muhit] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geol, Tubingen, Germany.
RP Werth, CJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL USA.
EM werth@illinois.edu
OI Wilson, Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Mahler,
Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814
FU National Institutes for Water Research (NIWR)/USGS [04HQGR0158]
FX This research is supported by the National Institutes for Water Research
(NIWR)/USGS, Grant No. 04HQGR0158. We thank Dr. Sangjo Jeong for
sampling assistance, and Dr. Richard Luthy, Dr. Upal Ghosh, Dr.
Hideshige Takada, and Dr. Sungwoo Ahn for providing individual PAH
concentrations on CM particles. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.
NR 43
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Z9 40
U1 2
U2 32
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 4
BP 1217
EP 1223
DI 10.1021/es902657h
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 553EC
UT WOS:000274347800012
PM 20102236
ER
PT J
AU Ackerman, JT
Eagles-Smith, CA
AF Ackerman, Joshua T.
Eagles-Smith, Collin A.
TI Agricultural Wetlands as Potential Hotspots for Mercury Bioaccumulation:
Experimental Evidence Using Caged Fish
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY; ECOSYSTEMS; PRODUCTIVITY; CALIFORNIA
AB Wetlands provide numerous ecosystem services, but also can be sources of methylmercury (MeHg) production and export. Rice agricultural wetlands in particular may be important sites for MeHg bioaccumulation due to their worldwide ubiquity, periodic flooding schedules, and high use by wildlife. We assessed MeHg bioaccumulation within agricultural and perennial wetlands common to California's Central Valley during summer, when the majority of wetland habitats are shallowly flooded rice fields. We introduced caged western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) within white rice (Oryza saliva), wild rice (Zizania palustris), and permanent wetlands at water inlets, centers, and outlets. Total mercury (THg) concentrations and body burdens in caged mosquitofish increased rapidly, exceeding baseline values at introduction by 135% to 1197% and 29% to 1566% among sites, respectively, after only 60 days. Mercury bioaccumulation in caged mosquitofish was greater in rice fields than in permanent wetlands, with THg concentrations at wetland outlets increasing by 12.1, 5.8, and 2.9 times over initial concentrations in white rice, wild rice, and permanent wetlands, respectively. In fact mosquitofish caged at white rice outlets accumulated 721 ng Hg/fish in just 60 days. Mercury in wild mosquitofish and Mississippi silversides (Menidia audens) concurrently sampled at wetland outlets also were greater in white rice and wild rice than permanent wetlands. Within wetlands, THg concentrations and body burdens of both caged and wild fish increased from water inlets to outlets in white rice fields, and tended to not vary among sites in permanent wetlands. Fish THg concentrations in agricultural wetlands were high, exceeding 0.2 mu g/g ww in 82% of caged fish and 59% of wild fish. Our results indicate that shallowly flooded rice fields are potential hotspots for MeHg bioaccumulation and, due to their global prevalence, suggest that agricultural wetlands may be important contributors to MeHg contamination.
C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM jackerman@usgs.gov
OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285
FU California State Water Resources Control Board; USGS Western Ecological
Research Center
FX This research was funded by California State Water Resources Control
Board and USGS Western Ecological Research Center. We thank Carson
Jeffres for cage design, Julie Yee for statistical advice, and Lisamarie
Windham-Myers, Dave Feliz, Jack DeWit, and the Yolo Mercury Project team
for support. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this
publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD FEB 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 4
BP 1451
EP 1457
DI 10.1021/es9028364
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 553EC
UT WOS:000274347800047
PM 20067279
ER
PT J
AU Khattak, GA
Owen, LA
Kamp, U
Harp, EL
AF Khattak, Ghazanfar A.
Owen, Lewis A.
Kamp, Ulrich
Harp, Edwin L.
TI Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya,
northern Pakistan
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Kashmir; Earthquake; Landsliding; Himalaya; Photography
ID 8 OCTOBER 2005; RISK ASSESSMENT; HAZARD; IMAGERY; JAMMU
AB The influence of the 08 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake and subsequent snow melt and monsoon rainfall on slope stability was evaluated using repeat photography in the Kashmir Himalaya of northern Pakistan. Sixty-eight landslide-affected locations were selected and photographed in November 2005, May/June 2006, June 2007, and August 2007 to evaluate all potential geomorphic changes. Eighty percent of the locations showed no or very little change, 11% of the locations showed a partial vegetation recovery on the slopes, while 9% showed an increase in the landslide area. All those locations that showed an increase in landsliding were located along rivers and/or roads. The small change in landslide extent is remarkable given that the region experienced one of the heaviest monsoon seasons in the last decade and is counter to earlier predictions of accelerated slope erosion by landsliding in the immediate years following the earthquake. Extensive fissures and ground cracks at many localities. however, still present a potential of future landsliding under wetter conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
C1 [Khattak, Ghazanfar A.; Owen, Lewis A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
[Kamp, Ulrich] Univ Montana, Dept Geog, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Harp, Edwin L.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
EM Lewis.Owen@uc.edu
FU National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar,
Pakistan; NSF [EAR-0602675]; University of Montana; Pakistan Government;
University of Cincinnati
FX We thank the National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of
Peshawar, Pakistan, NSF (EAR-0602675), and The University of Montana for
supporting this research, Mrs. Aisha Khan, Major General Nadeem Ahmed,
and the Pakistan Army for field support. The Pakistan Meteorological
Department, Peshawar office for providing rainfall data. GAK thanks the
Pakistan Government and the University of Cincinnati for providing
support to undertake a Master of Science degree at the University of
Cincinnati, which helped in completing this paper. Thanks to Editor
Richard Marston and three anonymous referees for their constructive and
useful comments on our manuscript. Special thanks to Tim Phillips for
drafting Figs. 2, 3 and 4.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY
JI Geomorphology
PD FEB 15
PY 2010
VL 115
IS 1-2
BP 102
EP 108
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.09.035
PG 7
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 559RL
UT WOS:000274843800010
ER
PT J
AU Kinner, DA
Moody, JA
AF Kinner, D. A.
Moody, J. A.
TI Spatial variability of steady-state infiltration into a two-layer soil
system on burned hillslopes
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Burned watershed; Ash; Infiltration; Overland flow
ID WATER REPELLENCY; MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHEDS; OVERLAND-FLOW; FOREST-FIRE;
RUNOFF; WILDFIRE; POSTFIRE; RAINFALL; COLORADO; EROSION
AB Rainfail-runoff simulations were conducted to estimate the characteristics of the steady-state infiltration rate into 1-m(2) north- and south-facing hillslope plots burned by a wildfire in October 2003. Soil profiles in the Plots Consisted of a two-layer system composed of an ash on top of sandy mineral soil. Multiple rainfall rates (18.4-51.2 mm h(-1)) were used during 14 short-duration (30 min) and 2 long-duration simulations (2-4 h). Steady state was reached in 7-26 min. Observed spatially-averaged steady-state infiltration rates ranged from 18.2 to 23.8 mm h(-1) for north-facing and from 17.9 to 36.0 mm h(-1) for southfacing plots.
Three different theoretical spatial distribution models of steady-state infiltration rate were fit to the measurements of rainfall rate and steady-state discharge to provided estimates of the spatial average (19.2-22.2 mm h(-1)) and the coefficient of variation (0.11-0.40) of infiltration rates, overland flow contributing area (74-90% of the plot area), and infiltration threshold (19.0-26 mm h(-1)). Tensiometer measurements indicated a downward moving pressure wave and suggest that infiltration-excess overland flow is the runoff process on these burned hillslope with a two-layer system. Moreover, the results indicate that the ash layer is wettable, may restrict water flow into the underlying layer, and increase the infiltration threshold; whereas, the underlying mineral soil, though coarser, limits the infiltration rate. These results of the spatial variability of steady-state infiltration can be used to develop physically-based rainfall-runoff models for burned areas with a two-layer soil system. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kinner, D. A.] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources, Cullowhee, NC 28779 USA.
[Moody, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Kinner, DA (reprint author), Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources, Cullowhee, NC 28779 USA.
EM dkinner@email.wcu.edu
FU Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Fellowship; USGS Landslide Hazards Program
Wildfire; Debris Flow Project; National Research Program
FX Many people contributed to this work. Jonathan McKenna installed
tensiometers in the Held site. Jonathan Godt helped design the
tensiometer experiments and provided clarification of issues related to
two-layer soil systems. Wahab Sadeqi, Deborah Martin, and Joe Gartner
provided field assistance during the experiments. Wahab also was
instrumental in instrumentation development and testing, data
verification, and field implementation. Several anonymous reviewers
provided substantial comments, which were instrumental in improving the
paper. The work was funded by a Mendenhall Post-Doctoral Fellowship for
D. Kinner, and the USGS Landslide Hazards Program Wildfire and Debris
Flow Project and National Research Program.
NR 61
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD FEB 15
PY 2010
VL 381
IS 3-4
BP 322
EP 332
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.004
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 560UC
UT WOS:000274927700013
ER
PT J
AU Xu, JP
Swarzenski, PW
Noble, M
Li, AC
AF Xu, J. P.
Swarzenski, Peter W.
Noble, Marlene
Li, An-Chun
TI Event-driven sediment flux in Hueneme and Mugu submarine canyons,
southern California
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE sediment traps; sediment flux; submarine canyons; turbidity currents
ID DOWNWARD PARTICLE FLUXES; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA;
MONTEREY-CANYON; INTERNAL WAVES; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; PARTICULATE
MATTER; BALTIMORE CANYON; RIVER; RESUSPENSION
AB Vertical sediment fluxes and their dominant controlling processes in Hueneme and Mugu submarine canyons off south-central California were assessed using data from sediment traps and current meters on two moorings that were deployed for 6 months during the winter of 2007. The maxima of total particulate flux, which reached as high as 300+g/m(2)/day in Hueneme Canyon, were recorded during winter storm events when high waves and river floods often coincided. During these winter storms, wave-induced resuspension of shelf sediment was a major source for the elevated sediment fluxes. Canyon rim morphology, rather than physical proximity to an adjacent river mouth, appeared to control the magnitude of sediment fluxes in these two submarine canyon systems. Episodic turbidity currents and internal bores enhanced sediment fluxes, particularly in the lower sediment traps positioned 30 m above the canyon floor. Lower excess (210)Pb activities measured in the sediment samples collected during periods of peak total particulate flux further substantiate that reworked shelf-, rather than newly introduced river-borne, sediments supply most of the material entering these canyons during storms. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Xu, J. P.; Swarzenski, Peter W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Noble, Marlene] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Li, An-Chun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao, Peoples R China.
RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM jpx@usgs.gov
NR 50
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD FEB 15
PY 2010
VL 269
IS 1-2
BP 74
EP 88
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.12.007
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 560AN
UT WOS:000274874100006
ER
PT J
AU da Luz, BR
Crowley, JK
AF da Luz, Beatriz Ribeiro
Crowley, James K.
TI Identification of plant species by using high spatial and spectral
resolution thermal infrared (8.0-13.5 mu m) imagery
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Remote sensing; Plant emissivity; Thermal infrared; SEBASS
ID IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MIXTURE ANALYSIS; CANOPY
NITROGEN; REFLECTANCE; LEAF; VEGETATION; MODEL; EMISSIVITY; LANDSCAPE
AB High spatial and spectral resolution thermal infrared imagery (8.0-13.5 mu m) from the SEBASS airborne sensor was used to analyze and map tree canopy spectral features at the State Arboretum of Virginia, near Boyce, Virginia. Fifty tree species were analyzed and about half were directly identified with varying degrees of success on the basis of spectral matched filtering that utilized laboratory-measured leaf spectra as the target signatures. Spectral averages of pixels extracted from SEBASS emissivity data compared favorably with laboratory spectra of leaves collected from individual tree species. Best results were obtained from species having relatively strong spectral contrast, wide and flat leaves, closed planophile canopies, and/or large canopy areas. Tree species having small leaves or unfavorable leaf orientations showed spectral attenuation likely resulting from cavity blackbody effects. Increased spatial resolution and better image calibration and atmospheric correction might lead to further improvements in thermal infrared plant species identification. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [da Luz, Beatriz Ribeiro; Crowley, James K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP da Luz, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 954,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM bribeirodaluz@usgs.gov
NR 31
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U1 1
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD FEB 15
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 2
BP 404
EP 413
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.09.019
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 553MF
UT WOS:000274370400015
ER
PT J
AU Cerezo, A
Perelman, S
Robbins, CS
AF Cerezo, Alexis
Perelman, Susana
Robbins, Chandler S.
TI Landscape-level impact of tropical forest loss and fragmentation on bird
occurrence in eastern Guatemala
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Review
DE Habitat loss; Habitat fragmentation; Landscape coherence; Scale;
Autologistic regression; AIC
ID KULLBACK-LEIBLER INFORMATION; KEEL-BILLED TOUCANS; HABITAT
FRAGMENTATION; RAIN-FOREST; BREEDING BIRD; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION;
DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY;
DISTRIBUTION MODELS
AB Tropical forest destruction and fragmentation of habitat patches may reduce population persistence at the landscape level. Given the complex nature of simultaneously evaluating the effects of these factors on biotic populations, statistical presence/absence modelling has become an important tool in conservation biology. This study uses logistic regression to evaluate the independent effects of tropical forest cover and fragmentation on bird occurrence in eastern Guatemala. Logistic regression models were constructed for 10 species with varying response to habitat alteration. Predictive variables quantified forest cover, fragmentation and their interaction at three different radii (200, 500 and 1000 m scales) of 112 points where presence of target species was determined. Most species elicited a response to the 1000 m scale, which was greater than most species' reported territory size. Thus, their presence at the landscape scale is probably regulated by extra-territorial phenomena, such as dispersal. Although proportion of forest cover was the most important predictor of species' presence, there was strong evidence of area-independent and -dependent fragmentation effects on species presence, results that contrast with other studies from northernmost latitudes. Species' habitat breadth was positively correlated with AIC model values, indicating a better fit for species more restricted to tropical forest. Species with a narrower habitat breadth also elicited stronger negative responses to forest loss. Habitat breadth is thus a simple measure that can be directly related to species' vulnerability to landscape modification. Model predictive accuracy was acceptable for 4 of 10 species, which were in turn those with narrower habitat breadths. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cerezo, Alexis; Perelman, Susana] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Dept Quantitat Methods & Informat Syst, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Cerezo, Alexis] Fdn Ecodev & Conservat FUNDAECO, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
[Robbins, Chandler S.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Perelman, Susana] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, UBA, Inst Agr Plant Physiol & Ecol Res, IFEVA, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Cerezo, A (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Dept Quantitat Methods & Informat Syst, Av San Martin 4453, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
EM acerezo@agro.uba.ar
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Tennessee Chapter of the Nature
Conservancy; Foundation for Ecodevelopment and Conservation (FUNDAECO)
FX We would like to thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the
Tennessee Chapter of the Nature Conservancy and the Foundation for
Ecodevelopment and Conservation (FUNDAECO) for providing financial
support. We also extend our gratitude to Teresa Boca, at the Institute
of Climate and Water, National Institute of Agrarian Technology
(Instituto de Clima y Agua, INTA-Castelar) of Argentina, for allowing us
to perform statistical analyses with the SAS package at their
facilities. Finally, we especially want to thank Barbara Dowell and
Miguel Ramirez for their support in fieldwork activities, and four
anonymous reviewers for important comments on earlier drafts of this
work.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
EI 1872-7026
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD FEB 10
PY 2010
VL 221
IS 3
BP 512
EP 526
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.038
PG 15
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 547DU
UT WOS:000273866700016
ER
PT J
AU Fulton, JW
Wagner, CR
Rogers, ME
Zimmerman, GF
AF Fulton, John W.
Wagner, Chad R.
Rogers, Megan E.
Zimmerman, Gregory F.
TI Hydraulic modeling of mussel habitat at a bridge-replacement site,
Allegheny River, Pennsylvania, USA
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Bridge-replacement projects; Mussel habitat; Hydraulic modeling;
Hydrographic surveys
ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; UNIONID MUSSELS; SUBSTRATE; MOLLUSCA
AB The Allegheny River in Pennsylvania supports a large and diverse freshwater-mussel community, including two federally listed endangered species, Pleurobema clava (Clubshell) and Epioblasma torulosa rangiana (Northern Riffleshell). It is recognized that river hydraulics and morphology play important roles in mussel distribution. To assess the hydraulic influences of bridge replacement on mussel habitat, metrics such as depth, velocity, and their derivatives (shear stress, Froude number) were collected or computed.
The objectives of the project were to evaluate mussel and hydraulic data at a reference site and to compare those findings to a bridge-replacement site. The findings were used to support a statistical analysis, which establishes correlations between mussel count and hydraulics, and a numerical model to forecast habitat based on the statistics.
ArcGIS was selected to manage the data and generate a grid to compute area statistics for 3319, 4.9-m x 4.9-m cells (cell) for total mussel count, depth, velocity, shear stress, and Froude number. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum test indicated no statistical significance between the total mussel count and the hydraulic variables: however, trellis graphs were used to account for the spatial variability in the data set. For the flow conditions measured, the total mussel count per cell is greatest at sections where (I) velocities range from 0.061 to 0.21 m/s, (2) shear stresses range from 0.48 to 3.8 dyne/cm(2), and (3) Froude numbers range from 0.006 to 0.04.
Based on the statistical targets established, the hydraulic model results suggest that an additional 2428 m(2) or a 30-percent increase in suitable mussel habitat could be generated at the replacement-bridge site when compared to the baseline condition associated with the existing bridge at that same location. The study did not address the influences of substrate, acid mine drainage, sediment loads from tributaries, and surface-water/ground-water exchange on mussel habitat. Future studies could include methods for quantifying (1) channel-substrate composition and distribution using tools such as hydroacoustic echosounders specifically designed and calibrated to identify bed composition and mussel populations, (2) surface-water and ground-water interactions, and (3) a high-streamflow event. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Fulton, John W.; Rogers, Megan E.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15205 USA.
[Wagner, Chad R.] US Geol Survey, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
[Zimmerman, Gregory F.] EnviroScience Inc, Blacklick, OH 43004 USA.
RP Fulton, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, 1000 Church Hill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15205 USA.
EM jwfulton@usgs.gov; cwagner@usgs.gov; mrogers@usgs.gov;
gzimmerman@enviroscienceinc.com
FU Pennsylvania Department of Transportation; Biologic Assessment
FX Funding for the project was provided by the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation, Engineering District 10 in support of the Biologic
Assessment submitted by Gannett (2001).; We would like to thank Paul
Kinzel of the U.S. Geological Survey, Golden, CO, and Robert Anderson of
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, State College, Pennsylvania, for
their peer-review comments, which enhanced the technical quality and
readability of the article.; Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
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U1 4
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD FEB 10
PY 2010
VL 221
IS 3
BP 540
EP 554
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.019
PG 15
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 547DU
UT WOS:000273866700018
ER
PT J
AU Brix, H
Lorenzen, B
Mendelssohn, IA
McKee, KL
Miao, SL
AF Brix, Hans
Lorenzen, Bent
Mendelssohn, Irving A.
McKee, Karen L.
Miao, ShiLi
TI Can differences in phosphorus uptake kinetics explain the distribution
of cattail and sawgrass in the Florida Everglades?
SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TYPHA-LATIFOLIA L; CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE CYPERACEAE; EUTROPHIC SWAMP
HABITATS; INTERNAL GAS-TRANSPORT; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; CONVECTIVE
THROUGHFLOW; PHOSPHATE AVAILABILITY; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; NORTHERN
EVERGLADES; REDOX INTENSITY
AB Background: Cattail (Typha domingensis) has been spreading in phosphorus (P) enriched areas of the oligotrophic Florida Everglades at the expense of sawgrass (Cladium mariscus spp. jamaicense). Abundant evidence in the literature explains how the opportunistic features of Typha might lead to a complete dominance in P-enriched areas. Less clear is how Typha can grow and acquire P at extremely low P levels, which prevail in the unimpacted areas of the Everglades.
Results: Apparent P uptake kinetics were measured for intact plants of Cladium and Typha acclimated to low and high P at two levels of oxygen in hydroponic culture. The saturated rate of P uptake was higher in Typha than in Cladium and higher in low-P acclimated plants than in high-P acclimated plants. The affinity for P uptake was twofold higher in Typha than in Cladium, and two- to three-fold higher for low-P acclimated plants compared to high-P acclimated plants. As Cladium had a greater proportion of its biomass allocated to roots, the overall uptake capacity of the two species at high P did not differ. At low P availability, Typha increased biomass allocation to roots more than Cladium. Both species also adjusted their P uptake kinetics, but Typha more so than Cladium. The adjustment of the P uptake system and increased biomass allocation to roots resulted in a five-fold higher uptake per plant for Cladium and a ten-fold higher uptake for Typha.
Conclusions: Both Cladium and Typha adjust P uptake kinetics in relation to plant demand when P availability is high. When P concentrations are low, however, Typha adjusts P uptake kinetics and also increases allocation to roots more so than Cladium, thereby improving both efficiency and capacity of P uptake. Cladium has less need to adjust P uptake kinetics because it is already efficient at acquiring P from peat soils (e.g., through secretion of phosphatases, symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, nutrient conservation growth traits). Thus, although Cladium and Typha have qualitatively similar strategies to improve P-uptake efficiency and capacity under low P-conditions, Typha shows a quantitatively greater response, possibly due to a lesser expression of these mechanisms than Cladium. This difference between the two species helps to explain why an opportunistic species such as Typha is able to grow side by side with Cladium in the P-deficient Everglades.
C1 [Brix, Hans; Lorenzen, Bent] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
[Mendelssohn, Irving A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[McKee, Karen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Miao, ShiLi] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA.
RP Brix, H (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
EM hans.brix@biology.au.dk
RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; Brix, Hans/C-5208-2008
OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Brix, Hans/0000-0003-2771-2983
FU South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida
[C-6642]; John P. Laborde Endowed Chair
FX The project was supported by a grant from the South Florida Water
Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida (Macrophyte Nutrient
Kinetics, Contract C-6642). Additional travel and salary support was
provided by the John P. Laborde Endowed Chair for Sea Grant Research and
Technology Transfer Program. We thank Ken Krauss, Rebecca Howard, Sue
Newman and Fred Sklar for comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the US Government.
NR 67
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 16
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2229
J9 BMC PLANT BIOL
JI BMC Plant Biol.
PD FEB 8
PY 2010
VL 10
AR 23
DI 10.1186/1471-2229-10-23
PG 14
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 582EA
UT WOS:000276577700001
PM 20141632
ER
PT J
AU Allen, CD
Macalady, AK
Chenchouni, H
Bachelet, D
McDowell, N
Vennetier, M
Kitzberger, T
Rigling, A
Breshears, DD
Hogg, EH
Gonzalez, P
Fensham, R
Zhang, Z
Castro, J
Demidova, N
Lim, JH
Allard, G
Running, SW
Semerci, A
Cobb, N
AF Allen, Craig D.
Macalady, Alison K.
Chenchouni, Haroun
Bachelet, Dominique
McDowell, Nate
Vennetier, Michel
Kitzberger, Thomas
Rigling, Andreas
Breshears, David D.
Hogg, E. H. (Ted)
Gonzalez, Patrick
Fensham, Rod
Zhang, Zhen
Castro, Jorge
Demidova, Natalia
Lim, Jong-Hwan
Allard, Gillian
Running, Steven W.
Semerci, Akkin
Cobb, Neil
TI A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals
emerging climate change risks for forests
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Adaptation of Forests and Forest Management to Changing
Climate with Emphasis on Forest Health
CY AUG 25-28, 2008
CL Umea, SWEDEN
DE Climate change; Drought effects; Forest die-off; Forest mortality;
Global patterns; Tree mortality
ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; PINE PINUS-SYLVESTRIS;
GONAREZHOU-NATIONAL-PARK; MISTLETOE VISCUM-ALBUM; SWISS RHONE VALLEY;
EL-NINO DROUGHT; RAIN-FOREST; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ZEALAND
AB Greenhouse gas emissions have significantly altered global climate, and will continue to do so in the future. Increases in the frequency, duration, and/or severity of drought and heat stress associated with climate change could fundamentally alter the composition, structure, and biogeography of forests in many regions. Of particular concern are potential increases in tree mortality associated with climate-induced physiological stress and interactions with other climate-mediated processes such as insect outbreaks and wildfire. Despite this risk, existing projections of tree mortality are based on models that lack functionally realistic mortality mechanisms, and there has been no attempt to track observations of climate-driven tree mortality globally. Here we present the first global assessment of recent tree mortality attributed to drought and heat stress. Although episodic mortality occurs in the absence of climate change, studies compiled here suggest that at least some of the world's forested ecosystems already may be responding to climate change and raise concern that forests may become increasingly vulnerable to higher background tree mortality rates and die-off in response to future warming and drought, even in environments that are not normally considered water-limited. This further suggests risks to ecosystem services, including the loss of sequestered forest carbon and associated atmospheric feedbacks. Our review also identifies key information gaps and scientific uncertainties that currently hinder our ability to predict tree mortality in response to climate change and emphasizes the need for a globally coordinated observation system. Overall, our review reveals the potential for amplified tree mortality due to drought and heat in forests worldwide. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
[Macalady, Alison K.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Macalady, Alison K.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Chenchouni, Haroun] Univ Batna, Dept Biol, Batna 05000, Algeria.
[Bachelet, Dominique] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol Engn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.
[McDowell, Nate] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
[Vennetier, Michel] Aix Marseille Univ, ECCOREV FR 3098, CEMAGREF, Aix En Provence, France.
[Kitzberger, Thomas] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INIBIOMA, Lab Ecotono, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
[Kitzberger, Thomas] Univ Nacl Comahue, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
[Rigling, Andreas] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
[Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Hogg, E. H. (Ted)] Canadian Forest Serv, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada.
[Gonzalez, Patrick] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Forestry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Fensham, Rod] Environm Protect Agcy, Queensland Herbarium, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia.
[Zhang, Zhen] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Key Lab Forest Protect, State Forestry Adm, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China.
[Castro, Jorge] Univ Granada, Dept Ecol, Grp Ecol Terr, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
[Demidova, Natalia] No Res Inst Forestry, Arkhangelsk 163062, Russia.
[Lim, Jong-Hwan] Korea Forest Res Inst, Dept Forest Conservat, Div Forest Ecol, Seoul 130712, South Korea.
[Allard, Gillian] FAO, Dept Forestry, I-00100 Rome, Italy.
[Running, Steven W.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Semerci, Akkin] Cent Anatolia Forestry Res Inst, TR-06501 Bahcelievler Ankara, Turkey.
[Cobb, Neil] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Cobb, Neil] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Allen, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
EM craig_allen@usgs.gov
RI Chenchouni, Haroun/I-7494-2012; Rigling, Andreas/B-9665-2013; Vennetier,
Michel/B-1354-2012; Gonzalez, Patrick/B-9479-2013; Castro,
Jorge/M-1509-2014; Kitzberger, Thomas/H-9209-2015; Breshears,
David/B-9318-2009; Wang, Jin-xin/B-4770-2009
OI Hogg, Ted/0000-0002-6198-0124; Chenchouni, Haroun/0000-0001-9077-2706;
Vennetier, Michel/0000-0002-7549-5701; Gonzalez,
Patrick/0000-0002-7105-0561; Castro, Jorge/0000-0002-6362-2240;
Kitzberger, Thomas/0000-0002-9754-4121; Breshears,
David/0000-0001-6601-0058;
NR 260
TC 1611
Z9 1672
U1 200
U2 1444
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD FEB 5
PY 2010
VL 259
IS 4
SI SI
BP 660
EP 684
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001
PG 25
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 561XW
UT WOS:000275014400002
ER
PT J
AU Doyle, TW
Krauss, KW
Conner, WH
From, AS
AF Doyle, Thomas W.
Krauss, Ken W.
Conner, William H.
From, Andrew S.
TI Predicting the retreat and migration of tidal forests along the northern
Gulf of Mexico under sea-level rise
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Adaptation of Forests and Forest Management to Changing
Climate with Emphasis on Forest Health
CY AUG 25-28, 2008
CL Umea, SWEDEN
DE Climate change; Coastal ecosystems; Eustacy; Gulf of Mexico; Mangrove;
Modeling; Saltmarsh; Sea-level rise; SLOPE model; Tidal freshwater
forests; Tidal range
ID AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; COASTAL FOREST; BLACK MANGROVE; SALT-MARSH;
FLORIDA; TRANSITION; SUBSIDENCE; LOUISIANA; ELEVATION; HABITATS
AB Tidal freshwater forests in coastal regions of the southeastern United States are undergoing dieback and retreat from increasing tidal inundation and saltwater intrusion attributed to climate variability and sea-level rise. In many areas, tidal saltwater forests (mangroves) contrastingly are expanding landward in subtropical coastal reaches succeeding freshwater marsh and forest zones. Hydrological characteristics of these low-relief coastal forests in intertidal settings are dictated by the influence of tidal and freshwater forcing. In this paper, we describe the application of the Sea Level Over Proportional Elevation (SLOPE) model to predict coastal forest retreat and migration from projected sea-level rise based on a proxy relationship of saltmarsh/mangrove area and tidal range. The SLOPE model assumes that the sum area of saltmarsh/mangrove habitat along any given coastal reach is determined by the slope of the landform and vertical tide forcing. Model results indicated that saltmarsh and mangrove migration from sea-level rise will vary by county and watershed but greater in western Gulf States than in the eastern Gulf States where millions of hectares of coastal forest will be displaced over the next century with a near meter rise in relative sea level alone. Substantial losses of coastal forests will also occur in the eastern Gulf but mangrove forests in subtropical zones of Florida are expected to replace retreating freshwater forest and affect regional biodiversity. Accelerated global eustacy from climate change will compound the degree of predicted retreat and migration of coastal forests with expected implications for ecosystem management of State and Federal lands in the absence of adaptive coastal management. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Doyle, Thomas W.; Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Conner, William H.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA.
[From, Andrew S.] IAP World Serv Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Doyle, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM doylet@usgs.gov
OI From, Andrew/0000-0002-6543-2627
NR 60
TC 32
Z9 35
U1 3
U2 69
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD FEB 5
PY 2010
VL 259
IS 4
SI SI
BP 770
EP 777
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.023
PG 8
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 561XW
UT WOS:000275014400011
ER
PT J
AU Shelly, DR
AF Shelly, David R.
TI Migrating tremors illuminate complex deformation beneath the seismogenic
San Andreas fault
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; SUBDUCTION ZONE; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR;
PARKFIELD; EARTHQUAKE; SLIP; CASCADIA
AB The San Andreas fault is one of the most extensively studied faults in the world, yet its physical character and deformation mode beneath the relatively shallow earthquake-generating portion remain largely unconstrained. Tectonic 'non-volcanic' tremor, a recently discovered seismic signal(1) probably generated by shear slip on the deep extension of some major faults(2-4), can provide new insight into the deep fate of such faults, including that of the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California(5). Here I examine continuous seismic data from mid-2001 to 2008, identifying tremor and decomposing the signal into different families of activity based on the shape and timing of the waveforms at multiple stations(6). This approach allows differentiation between activities from nearby patches of the deep fault and begins to unveil rich and complex patterns of tremor occurrence. I find that tremor exhibits nearly continuous migration, with the most extensive episodes propagating more than 20 kilometres along fault strike at rates of 15-80 kilometres per hour. This suggests that the San Andreas fault remains a localized through-going structure, at least to the base of the crust, in this area. Tremor rates and recurrence behaviour changed markedly in the wake of the 2004 magnitude-6.0 Parkfield earthquake(6,7), but these changes were far from uniform within the tremor zone, probably reflecting heterogeneous fault properties and static and dynamic stresses decaying away from the rupture. The systematic recurrence of tremor demonstrated here suggests the potential to monitor detailed time-varying deformation on this portion of the deep San Andreas fault, deformation which unsteadily loads the shallower zone that last ruptured in the 1857 magnitude-7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake(8).
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dshelly@usgs.gov
NR 30
TC 78
Z9 80
U1 1
U2 14
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD FEB 4
PY 2010
VL 463
IS 7281
BP 648
EP U75
DI 10.1038/nature08755
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 551GB
UT WOS:000274193900033
PM 20130648
ER
PT J
AU Wanner, GA
Klumb, RA
Shuman, DA
Steffensen, K
Stukel, S
Utrup, NJ
AF Wanner, Greg A.
Klumb, Robert A.
Shuman, Dane A.
Steffensen, Kirk
Stukel, Sam
Utrup, Nicholas J.
TI Comparison of Green and White Mesh Trammel Nets and Gill Nets to Assess
the Fish Community in a Large River
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CAPTURE
AB Standardized monitoring programs in great rivers need to identify and minimize the bias in the estimates of fish population characteristics to enable fishery managers to make informed decisions. We compared the effectiveness of green and whitemesh in drifted trammel and anchored gill nets in capturing fish in the Missouri River from downstream of Fort Randall Dam, South Dakota, to the mouth of the river near St. Louis, Missouri. Sampling occurred from March to November 2006 and from April to May 2007. Paired green and white trammel net drifts (N = 383) caught 28 fish species from 12 families. Pairs of anchored gill nets set overnight (N = 193) caught 24 fish species from 12 families. Chi-square tests indicated that for most species there were no significant differences in occurrence between mesh colors in both the trammel and gill nets. However, occurrence was significantly higher in white mesh nets for goldeye Hiodon alosoides and blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus in trammel nets and for river carpsucker Carpiodes carpio and walleye Sander vitreus in gill nets. Despite turbidities in the Missouri River that ranged over two orders of magnitude, analysis of covariance indicated that water clarity had no significant effect on capture rates between green and white meshes. The majority of the variance in mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) of these species in both gears was spatial or temporal. In general, CPUE and precision were either similar or higher for white nets, making it unnecessary to dye nets green, which saves time and money. Because turbidity did not significantly affect catch rates between green and white mesh nets, the variations in CPUE can more confidently be attributed to localized changes in the actual relative abundance throughout the Missouri River.
C1 [Wanner, Greg A.; Klumb, Robert A.; Shuman, Dane A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA.
[Steffensen, Kirk] Nebraska Game & Pk Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA.
[Stukel, Sam] S Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Yankton, SD 57078 USA.
[Utrup, Nicholas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Columbia, MO 65203 USA.
RP Wanner, GA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 420 S Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA.
EM greg_wanner@fws.gov
NR 41
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 1
BP 12
EP 25
DI 10.1577/M07-221.1
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 588ZR
UT WOS:000277113900002
ER
PT J
AU Vinson, MR
Dinger, EC
Vinson, DK
AF Vinson, Mark R.
Dinger, Eric C.
Vinson, Deanna K.
TI Piscicides and Invertebrates: After 70 Years, Does Anyone Really Know?
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; ROTENONE; ANTIMYCIN; PATTERNS;
MACROINVERTEBRATES; ZOOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIES; RECOVERY; STREAM; INSECT
AB The piscicides rotenone and antimycin have been used for more than 70 years to manage fish populations by eliminating undesirable fish species. The effects of piscicides on aquatic invertebrate assemblages are considered negligible by some and significant by others. This difference of opinion has created contentious situations and delayed native fish restoration projects. We review the scientific evidence and report that short-term (<3 months) impacts of piscicides to invertebrate assemblages varied from minor to substantial and long-term (> 1 year) impacts are largely unknown. Recovery of invertebrate assemblages following treatments ranged from a few months for abundances of common taxa to several years for rarer taxa. Variation in reported effects was primarily due to natural variation among species and habitats and a lack of adequate pre- and post-treatment sampling which prevents determining the true impacts to invertebrate assemblages. The factors most likely to influence impacts and recovery of aquatic invertebrate assemblages following piscicide treatments are: (1) concentration, duration, and breadth of the piscicide treatment; (2) invertebrate morphology and life history characteristics, including surface area to volume ratios, type of respiration organs, generation time, and propensity to disperse; (3) refugia presence; and (4) distance from colonization sources.
C1 [Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI USA.
[Dinger, Eric C.] Natl Pk Serv, Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network, Ashland, OR USA.
RP Vinson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI USA.
EM mvinson@usgs.gov
NR 66
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 22
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 2
BP 61
EP 71
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.2.61
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 588ZM
UT WOS:000277113400004
ER
PT J
AU DeFalco, LA
Esque, TC
Scoles-Sciulla, SJ
Rodgers, J
AF DeFalco, Lesley A.
Esque, Todd C.
Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J.
Rodgers, Jane
TI DESERT WILDFIRE AND SEVERE DROUGHT DIMINISH SURVIVORSHIP OF THE
LONG-LIVED JOSHUA TREE (YUCCA BREVIFOLIA; AGAVACEAE)
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE Agavaceae; climate change; El Nino Southern Oscillation; herbivory;
invasive alien annuals; Mojave Desert; pocket gophers; Thomomys bottae;
Yucca brevifolia
ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; MOJAVE-DESERT; SONORAN-DESERT; UNITED-STATES;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANNUAL PLANTS; GLOBAL CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; FIRE;
DISTURBANCE
AB Extreme climate events are transforming plant communities in the desert Southwest of the United States. Abundant precipitation in 1998 associated with El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) stimulated exceptional alien annual plant production in the Mojave Desert that fueled wildfires in 1999. Exacerbated by protracted drought, 80% of the burned Yucca brevifolia, a long-lived arborescent monocot, and 26% of unburned plants died at Joshua Tree National Park by 2004. Many burned plants <1 m tall died immediately, and survival of all but the tallest, oldest plants declined to the same low level by 2004. Postfire sprouting prolonged survival, but only at the wetter, high-elevation sites. During succeeding dry years, herbaceous plants were scarce, and individuals of Thomomys bottae (pocket gopher) gnawed the periderm and hollowed stems of Y. brevifolia causing many of them to topple. Thomomys bottae damage reduced plant survivorship at low-elevation, unburned sites and diminished survival of burned plants in all but the driest site, which already had low survival. Accentuated ENSO episodes and more frequent wildfires are expected for the desert Southwest and will likely shift Y. brevifolia population structure toward tall, old adults with fewer opportunities for plant recruitment, thus imperiling the persistence of this unique plant community.
C1 [DeFalco, Lesley A.; Esque, Todd C.; Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
[Rodgers, Jane] Natl Pk Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP DeFalco, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA.
EM Lesley_DeFalco@usgs.gov
FU USGS Invasive Species Program
FX The authors thank D. Haines, S. Eckert, and K. Goodwin with USGS, H.
Basagic, R. Branciforte, S. Kaye, G. Lindberg, A. Schrenk, J. Graham,
and S. Koehm with the National Park Service, and V. Prehoda with the
Marine Corps Base for helping set up the transects and collect data. A.
Bargeman, D. and P. Clawson, A. Garry, A. Herman, S. Lagassa, A. Larson,
S. Mackay, and M. Miller volunteered to collect data. J. Abu-Saba, L.
Barnhill, D. Beals, C. Bukowski, E. Burgieres, P. Chavarria, J. Day, E.
Deliso, M. Ewald, M. Gillmer, K. Goward, L. Jelesnianski, S. Johnson, M.
Kelly, D. Lekan, B. Osborne, E. Perry, B. Ralston, N. Salant, J. Savage,
C. Schoenbaechler, A. Thorpe, and M. Toomey, resource interns with the
Student Conservation Association, also assisted in data collection. We
also thank K. Nussear, M. Brooks, J. Yee, K. Phillips, and two anonymous
reviewers for thoughtful comments that significantly improved this
manuscript. Funding was provided by the USGS Invasive Species Program.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S.
government.
NR 58
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 5
U2 36
PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA
SN 0002-9122
J9 AM J BOT
JI Am. J. Bot.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 97
IS 2
BP 243
EP 250
DI 10.3732/ajb.0900032
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 551SI
UT WOS:000274229500006
PM 21622384
ER
PT J
AU Lukacs, PM
Burnham, KP
Anderson, DR
AF Lukacs, Paul M.
Burnham, Kenneth P.
Anderson, David R.
TI Model selection bias and Freedman's paradox
SO ANNALS OF THE INSTITUTE OF STATISTICAL MATHEMATICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Akaike's information criterion; Confidence interval coverage; Freedman's
paradox; Model averaging; Model selection bias; Model selection
uncertainty; Multimodel inference; Stepwise selection
ID REGRESSION; INFERENCE
AB In situations where limited knowledge of a system exists and the ratio of data points to variables is small, variable selection methods can often be misleading. Freedman (Am Stat 37:152-155, 1983) demonstrated how common it is to select completely unrelated variables as highly "significant" when the number of data points is similar in magnitude to the number of variables. A new type of model averaging estimator based on model selection with Akaike's AIC is used with linear regression to investigate the problems of likely inclusion of spurious effects and model selection bias, the bias introduced while using the data to select a single seemingly "best" model from a (often large) set of models employing many predictor variables. The new model averaging estimator helps reduce these problems and provides confidence interval coverage at the nominal level while traditional stepwise selection has poor inferential properties.
C1 [Lukacs, Paul M.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Burnham, Kenneth P.; Anderson, David R.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Lukacs, PM (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, 317 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM Paul.Lukacs@state.co.us
FU U.S. Geological Survey/ Biological Resources Division; Colorado Division
of Wildlife
FX U.S. Geological Survey/ Biological Resources Division and the Colorado
Division of Wildlife provided support for this work.
NR 23
TC 82
Z9 85
U1 4
U2 64
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0020-3157
J9 ANN I STAT MATH
JI Ann. Inst. Stat. Math.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 62
IS 1
BP 117
EP 125
DI 10.1007/s10463-009-0234-4
PG 9
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 536FS
UT WOS:000273030900008
ER
PT J
AU Piatak, NM
Seal, RR
AF Piatak, Nadine M.
Seal, Robert R., II
TI Mineralogy and the release of trace elements from slag from the Hegeler
Zinc smelter, Illinois (USA)
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID LEAD METALLURGICAL SLAG; BASE-METAL; PHASE-RELATIONS; UPPER SILESIA;
HEAVY-METALS; MOBILIZATION; DUMPS; SPAIN; MINE; SWIETOCHLOWICE
AB Slag from the former Hegeler Zn-smelting facility in Illinois (USA) is mainly composed of spinifex Ca-rich plagioclase, fine-grained dendritic or coarse-grained subhedral to anhedral clinopyroxenes, euhedral to subhedral spinels, spherical blebs of Fe sulfides, silicate glass, and less commonly fayalitic olivine. Mullite and quartz were also identified in one sample as representing remnants of the furnace lining. Secondary phases such as goethite, hematite and gypsum are significant in some samples and reflect surficial weathering of the dump piles or represent byproducts of roasting. A relatively rare Zn-rich material contains anhedral willemite, subhedral gahnite, massive zincite, hardystonite and a Zn sulfate (brianyoungite), among other phases, and likely represents the molten content of the smelting furnace before Zn extraction. The bulk major-element chemistry of most slag samples is dominated by SiO(2), Al(2)O(3), Fe(2)O(3) and CaO. The bulk composition of the slag suggests a high viscosity of the melt and the mineralogy suggests a high silica content of the melt. Bulk slag trace-element chemistry shows that the dominant metal is Zn with >28.4 wt.% in the Zn-rich material and between 212 and 14,900 mg/kg in the other slags. The concentrations of other trace elements reach the following: 45 mg/kg As, 1170 mg/kg Ba, 191 mg/kg Cd, 242 mg/kg Co, 103 mg/kg Cr, 6360 mg/kg Cu, 107 mg/kg Ni, and 711 mg/kg Pb.
Zinc, as the dominant metal in the slags, is likely the most environmentally significant metal in these samples; Cd, Cu, and Pb are also of concern and their concentrations exceed US Environmental Protection Agency preliminary remediation goals for residential soils. Spinel was found to be the dominant concentrator of Zn for samples containing significant Zn (>1 wt.%); the silicate glass also contained relatively high concentrations of Zn compared to other phases. Zinc partitioned into the silicates and oxides in these samples is generally more resistant to weathering and therefore less leached when compared to the slag samples with lower bulk Zn concentrations where Zn is likely partitioned into volumetrically minor sulfides. This is confirmed by leachate tests that resulted in low leachate Zn concentrations for samples with Zn partitioned into spinel. In contrast, the concentrations of Zn and SO(4) are close to those expected from the dissolution of stoichiometric ZnS in leachates from samples in which the dominant host of Zn is suspected to be sulfides. The fact that Zn and other metals occur commonly as sulfides, which are more reactive than the silicates and oxides into which they dominantly partition according to other slag studies, indicates the Hegeler slag pile may be more of an environmental concern than other slag piles. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Piatak, Nadine M.; Seal, Robert R., II] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Piatak, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM npiatak@usgs.gov
NR 48
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 2
BP 302
EP 320
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.12.001
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 561EE
UT WOS:000274957800010
ER
PT J
AU Minden, V
Jacobi, JD
Porembski, S
Boehmer, HJ
AF Minden, V.
Jacobi, J. D.
Porembski, S.
Boehmer, H. J.
TI Effects of invasive alien kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) on
native plant species regeneration in a Hawaiian rainforest
SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE cohort dynamics; dieback; foundation species; Hawai'i; invasive species;
long-term dynamics; Metrosideros polymorpha; montane rainforest;
rainforest regeneration
ID BIOLOGICAL INVASION; LAVA FLOWS; CHRONOSEQUENCE
AB Questions: Does the invasive alien Hedychium gardnerianum (1) replace native understory species, (2) suppress natural regeneration of native plant species, (3) increase the invasiveness of other non-native plants and (4) are native forests are able to recover after removal of H. gardnerianum.
Location: A mature rainforest in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawai'i (about 1200 m a.s.l.; precipitation approximately 2770 mm yr-1). Study sites included natural plots without effects of alien plants, ginger plots with a H. gardnerianum-dominated herb layer and cleared plots treated with herbicide to remove alien plants.
Methods: Counting mature trees, saplings and seedlings of native and alien plant species. Using non-parametric H-tests to compare impact of H. gardnerianum on the structure of different sites.
Results: Results confirmed the hypothesis that H. gardnerianum has negative effects on natural forest dynamics. Lower numbers of native tree seedlings and saplings were found on ginger-dominated plots. Furthermore, H. gardnerianum did not show negative effects on the invasive alien tree species Psidium cattleianum.
Conclusions: This study reveals that where dominance of H. gardnerianum persists, regeneration of the forest by native species will be inhibited. Furthermore, these areas might experience invasion by P. cattleianum, resulting in displacement of native canopy species in the future, leading to a change in forest structure and loss of other species dependent on natural rainforest, such as endemic birds. However, if H. gardnerianum is removed the native Hawaiian forest is likely to regenerate and regain its natural structure.
C1 [Minden, V.] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Landscape Ecol Grp, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
[Jacobi, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Porembski, S.] Univ Rostock, Inst Biosci, Dept Bot, DE-18051 Rostock, Germany.
[Boehmer, H. J.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, Landscape Ecol LOEK, DE-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany.
[Boehmer, H. J.] Univ Bonn, Interdisciplinary Latin Amer Ctr ILZ, D-53113 Bonn, Germany.
RP Minden, V (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Landscape Ecol Grp, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
EM vanessa.minden@uni-oldenburg.de; jjacobi@usgs.gov;
stefan.porembski@uni-rostock.de; hj.boehmer@uni-bonn.de
FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [BO 1768]; DAAD [D0334424]
FX This research was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant
BO 1768 to H. J. B., Principal Investigator, and a DAAD grant D0334424
for V. M. Permission to use the study sites was given by the Hawai'i
Volcanoes National Park, US Park Service. We thank Dieter
Mueller-Dombois, Helene H. Wagner, Linda Pratt, Catherine Reynolds, and
Ann Marie LaRosa for helpful comments on the manuscript.
NR 41
TC 6
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1402-2001
J9 APPL VEG SCI
JI Appl. Veg. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 13
IS 1
BP 5
EP 14
DI 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2009.01056.x
PG 10
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 543TO
UT WOS:000273601700001
ER
PT J
AU Rawles, SD
Thompson, KR
Brady, YJ
Metts, LS
Gannam, AL
Twibell, RG
Webster, CD
AF Rawles, S. D.
Thompson, K. R.
Brady, Y. J.
Metts, L. S.
Gannam, A. L.
Twibell, R. G.
Webster, C. D.
TI A comparison of two faecal collection methods for protein and amino acid
digestibility coefficients of menhaden fish meal and two grades of
poultry by-product meals for market-size sunshine bass (Morone chrysops
x M-saxatilis)
SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE amino acid availability; digestibility; Morone; sunshine bass
ID DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; APPARENT
DIGESTIBILITY; PRACTICAL DIETS; FEED INGREDIENTS; RAINBOW-TROUT;
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; TOTAL REPLACEMENT; FECES COLLECTION;
SOYBEAN-MEAL
AB Apparent digestibility and availability coefficients for protein and amino acids in menhaden fish meal (MEN), pet-food grade (PBM-pet,) and feed-grade poultry by-product meal (PBM-feed) were determined for market-size (500 g) sunshine bass in two consecutive trials using passive netting (1.6 mm mesh) followed by manual stripping of faeces. A reference diet resembling a commercial feed was formulated to meet or exceed all known nutritional requirements of hybrid striped bass. Test diets were formulated to contain a 70 : 30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (1%) serving as the inert marker. Diets were extruded under commercial conditions and the reference diet was fed for two weeks in order to acclimate fish to experimental conditions. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks containing 30 fish each. Fish were fed their respective diet twice daily to apparent satiation for two weeks, with faecal collections being conducted on the 7th and 14th day, in each trial. ADC values determined in the net method were highly variable and generally lower than ADCs obtained by stripping. Consistently lower and highly variable chromium concentrations were found in the net method faecal samples and suggest that marker loss relative to nutrient content, or dilution of marker with non-faecal matter, on the net collectors influenced results in that trial. In contrast, the standard errors of ADCs determined in the strip method were less than 5 percentage points in most cases. Protein digestibility ranged from a low of 51% (PBM-feed) to a high of 87% (PBM-pet) in the net method, and from a low of 80% (PBM-feed) to a high of 99% (MEN) in the strip method. With the exception of Lys, no differences in amino acid availabilities among diets were found in the net method. In the strip method, protein digestibility and amino acid availabilities in MEN were generally greater than those found in PBM-pet or PBM-feed, whereas ADCs were not significantly different between the two poultry by-products. Based on the conditions of the present study, net collection of faecal matter can not be recommended for determining the digestibility of nutrients in feed ingredients for market-size sunshine bass. Digestibility coefficients obtained by the strip method for feed and petfood grades poultry by-product were higher than those previously reported and will be facilitate more efficient and economical diet formulations for larger sunshine bass.
C1 [Thompson, K. R.; Metts, L. S.; Webster, C. D.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA.
[Rawles, S. D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA.
[Brady, Y. J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Gannam, A. L.; Twibell, R. G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA.
RP Webster, CD (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA.
EM carl.webster@kysu.edu
FU USDA Capacity Building; Kentucky State University; USDA [KYX-80-00-10A]
FX The authors are grateful to Rebecca Jacobs (USDA-ARS, Stuttgart,
Arkansas) for amino acid analysis, Daniel H. Yancey (ARC-KSU) for help
in faecal collections, and N. Ann, N.I. Bulz, K.N. Dee, M.I. Key, B.R.
Lee, E.M. Ma, B. Rett, Cathy Rhin, Re'Gie Smith, M.S. Tee, Sam Wise,
Ashley Wimsatt, and D.R. Wynn for technical assistance. This research
was partially funded by a USDA Capacity Building Grant to Kentucky State
University and a USDA grant under agreement KYX-80-00-10A to Kentucky
State University.
NR 45
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 13
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1353-5773
J9 AQUACULT NUTR
JI Aquac. Nutr.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 1
BP 81
EP 90
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00643.x
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 541VR
UT WOS:000273449600009
ER
PT J
AU Bidwell, JR
Becker, C
Hensley, S
Stark, R
Meyer, MT
AF Bidwell, Joseph R.
Becker, Carol
Hensley, Steve
Stark, Richard
Meyer, Michael T.
TI Occurrence of Organic Wastewater and Other Contaminants in Cave Streams
in Northeastern Oklahoma and Northwestern Arkansas
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT; FLAME RETARDANTS; NORTH TEXAS; PHARMACEUTICALS; SEDIMENT;
ORGANOCHLORINE; EFFLUENTS; BIOACCUMULATION
AB The prevalence of organic wastewater compounds in surface waters of the United States has been reported in a number of recent studies. In karstic areas, surface contaminants might be transported to groundwater and, ultimately, cave ecosystems, where they might impact resident biota. In this study, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCISs) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in six caves and two surface-water sites located within the Ozark Plateau of northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas in order to detect potential chemical contaminants in these systems. All caves sampled were known to contain populations of the threatened Ozark cavefish (Amblyopsis rosae). The surface-water site in Oklahoma was downstream from the outfall of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and a previous study indicated a hydrologic link between this stream and one of the caves. A total of 83 chemicals were detected in the POCIS and SPMD extracts from the surface-water and cave sites. Of these, 55 chemicals were detected in the caves. Regardless of the sampler used, more compounds were detected in the Oklahoma surface-water site than in the Arkansas site or the caves. The organic wastewater chemicals with the greatest mass measured in the sampler extracts included sterols (cholesterol and beta-sitosterol), plasticizers [diethylhexylphthalate and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate], the herbicide bromacil, and the fragrance indole. Sampler extracts from most of the cave sites did not contain many wastewater contaminants, although extracts from samplers in the Oklahoma surface-water site and the cave hydrologically linked to it had similar levels of diethylhexyphthalate and common detections of carbamazapine, sulfamethoxazole, benzophenone, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), and octophenol monoethoxylate. Further evaluation of this system is warranted due to potential ongoing transport of wastewater-associated chemicals into the cave. Halogenated organics found in caves and surface-water sites included brominated flame retardants, organochlorine pesticides (chlordane and nonachlor), and polychlorinated biphenyls. The placement of samplers in the caves (near the cave mouth compared to farther in the system) might have influenced the number of halogenated organics detected due to possible aerial transport of residues. Guano from cave-dwelling bats also might have been a source of some of these chlorinated organics. Seven-day survival and growth bioassays with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to samples of cave water indicated initial toxicity in water from two of the caves, but these effects were transient, with no toxicity observed in follow-up tests.
C1 [Bidwell, Joseph R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
[Becker, Carol] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Water Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA.
[Hensley, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ozark Plateau Natl Wildlife Refuge, Vian, OK 74962 USA.
[Stark, Richard] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oklahoma Ecol Serv, Tulsa, OK 74129 USA.
[Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
RP Bidwell, JR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
EM joe.bidwell@okstate.edu
OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985
NR 63
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 36
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 58
IS 2
BP 286
EP 298
DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9388-6
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 552SP
UT WOS:000274314100005
PM 19763679
ER
PT J
AU Finkelstein, ME
Wolf, S
Goldman, M
Doak, DF
Sievert, PR
Balogh, G
Hasegawa, H
AF Finkelstein, M. E.
Wolf, S.
Goldman, M.
Doak, D. F.
Sievert, P. R.
Balogh, G.
Hasegawa, H.
TI The anatomy of a (potential) disaster: Volcanoes, behavior, and
population viability of the short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria
albatrus)
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Albatross; Catastrophe; Chronic; Disaster; Population viability
analysis; Stochastic; Volcano
ID YELLOW-NOSED ALBATROSS; LONG-LINE FISHERIES; WANDERING ALBATROSS;
CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; CATASTROPHIC EVENTS; AMSTERDAM ALBATROSS;
LAYSAN ALBATROSSES; DIOMEDEA-EXULANS; HABITAT QUALITY; SEABIRD BYCATCH
AB Catastrophic events, either from natural (e.g., hurricane) or human-induced (e.g., forest clear-cut) processes, are a well-known threat to wild populations. However, our lack of knowledge about population-level effects of catastrophic events has inhibited the careful examination of how catastrophes affect population growth and persistence. For the critically endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus), episodic volcanic eruptions are considered a serious catastrophic threat since approximately 80% of the global population of similar to 2500 birds (in 2006) currently breeds on an active volcano, Torishima Island. We evaluated how short-tailed albatross population persistence is affected by the catastrophic threat of a volcanic eruption relative to chronic threats. We also provide an example for overcoming the seemingly overwhelming problems created by modelling the population dynamics of a species with limited demographic data by incorporating uncertainty in our analysis. As such, we constructed a stochastic age-based matrix model that incorporated both catastrophic mortality due to volcanic eruptions and chronic mortality from several potential sources (e.g., contaminant exposure, fisheries bycatch) to determine the relative effects of these two types of threats on short-tailed albatross population growth and persistence. Modest increases (1%) in chronic (annual) mortality had a 2.5-fold greater effect on predicted short-tailed albatross stochastic population growth rate (lambda) than did the occurrence of periodic volcanic eruptions that follow historic eruption frequencies (annual probability of eruption 2.2%). Our work demonstrates that periodic catastrophic volcanic eruptions, despite their dramatic nature, are less likely to affect the population viability and recovery of short-tailed albatross than low-level chronic mortality. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Finkelstein, M. E.; Wolf, S.; Goldman, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Doak, D. F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Sievert, P. R.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Balogh, G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
[Hasegawa, H.] Toho Univ, Dept Biol, Chiba 2748510, Japan.
RP Finkelstein, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM myraf@ucsc.edu
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; David H. Smith Environmental Fellowship
FX We thank B.S. Keitt, J. Jacobs, W. Satterthwaite, S. Zador, and two
anonymous reviewers for conceptual input and editorial comments. This
work was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service; M. Finkelstein was
supported by a David H. Smith Environmental Fellowship.
NR 62
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 51
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 143
IS 2
BP 321
EP 331
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.10.013
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 558QW
UT WOS:000274761000006
ER
PT J
AU Zipkin, EF
Royle, JA
Dawson, DK
Bates, S
AF Zipkin, Elise F.
Royle, J. Andrew
Dawson, Deanna K.
Bates, Scott
TI Multi-species occurrence models to evaluate the effects of conservation
and management actions
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian analysis; Bird communities; Distribution modeling; Hierarchical
modeling; Non-target species; Occurrence modeling; Species richness
ID ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; COMMUNITIES; POPULATION; OCCUPANCY; DEER;
DETECTABILITY; ACCUMULATION; ABUNDANCE; IMPACTS; RATES
AB Conservation and management actions often have direct and indirect effects on a wide range of species. As such, it is important to evaluate the impacts that such actions may have on both target and non-target species within a region. Understanding how species richness and composition differ as a result of management treatments can help determine potential ecological consequences. Yet it is difficult to estimate richness because traditional sampling approaches detect species at variable rates and some species are never observed. We present a framework for assessing management actions on biodiversity using a multi-species hierarchical model that estimates individual species occurrences, while accounting for imperfect detection of species. Our model incorporates species-specific responses to management treatments and local vegetation characteristics and a hierarchical component that links species at a community-level. This allows for comprehensive inferences on the whole community or on assemblages of interest. Compared to traditional species models, occurrence estimates are improved for all species, even for those that are rarely observed, resulting in more precise estimates of species richness (including species that were unobserved during sampling). We demonstrate the utility of this approach for conservation through an analysis comparing bird communities in two geographically similar study areas: one in which white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginionus) densities have been regulated through hunting and one in which deer densities have gone unregulated. Although our results indicate that species and assemblage richness were similar in the two study areas, point-level richness was significantly influenced by local vegetation characteristics, a result that would have been underestimated had we not accounted for variability in species detection. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Royle, J. Andrew; Dawson, Deanna K.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
[Bates, Scott] NPS Ctr Urban Ecol, Washington, DC 20007 USA.
RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM ezipkin@usgs.gov; aroyle@usgs.gov; ddawson@usgs.gov; Scott_Bates@nps.gov
NR 37
TC 65
Z9 66
U1 16
U2 88
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 143
IS 2
BP 479
EP 484
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.016
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 558QW
UT WOS:000274761000023
ER
PT J
AU Cattau, CE
Martin, J
Kitchens, WM
AF Cattau, Christopher E.
Martin, Julien
Kitchens, Wiley M.
TI Effects of an exotic prey species on a native specialist: Example of the
snail kite
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Time-activity budget; Invasive exotic species; Niche specialist;
Ecological trap; Rostrhamus sociabilis; Pomacea sp.
ID NONNATIVE APPLE SNAILS; ROSTRHAMUS-SOCIABILIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS;
EXTINCTION RISK; UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA; CONSERVATION; SELECTION;
LIMPKINS; INTRODUCTIONS
AB Despite acknowledging that exotic species can exhibit tremendous influence over native populations, few case studies have clearly demonstrated the effects of exotic prey species on native predators. We examined the effects of the recently introduced island apple snail (Pomacea insularum) on the foraging behavior and energetics of the endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) in Florida. We conducted time-activity budgets: (i) on kites foraging for native Florida apple snails (Pomacea paludosa) in major wetland units within the kites' range that had not been invaded by the exotic island apple snail and (ii) on kites foraging for exotic apple snails in Lake Tohopekaliga, the only major wetland utilized by the snail kite that had suffered a serious invasion of P. insularum. When foraging for P. insularum, snail kites dropped a greater proportion of snails, and they experienced increased handling times and decreased consumption rates; however, kites foraging for P. insularum also spent a smaller proportion of the day in flight. Estimates of net daily energy balances between kites feeding on P. insularum versus P. paludosa were comparable for adults, but juveniles experienced energetic deficiencies when feeding on the exotic snail. Due to this discrepancy, we hypothesize that wetlands invaded by P. insularum, Such as Lake Tohopekaliga, may function as ecological traps for the snail kite in Florida by attracting breeding adults but simultaneously depressing juvenile survival. This study highlights the conservation implications and importance of elucidating the effects that exotic species have on native specialists, especially those that are endangered, because subtle influences on behavior may have significant population consequences. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cattau, Christopher E.; Kitchens, Wiley M.] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Martin, Julien] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Cattau, CE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM Cattau@ufl.edu; martinj@wec.ufl.edu; Wiley01@ufl.edu
FU US Army Corp of Engineers [WP912EP-08-C-0014]
FX This study is part of the Project "Demographic, movement, and habitat
studies of the endangered snail kite" which was funded by the US Army
Corp of Engineers (Contract # WP912EP-08-C-0014). We are deeply thankful
to Phil Darby, Ken Meyer, and Steve Beissinger for making important
suggestions during this study and reviewing a previous version of this
manuscript.
NR 59
TC 28
Z9 31
U1 3
U2 48
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
EI 1873-2917
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 143
IS 2
BP 513
EP 520
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.022
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 558QW
UT WOS:000274761000027
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, WC
Werner, B
Guntenspergen, GR
Voldseth, RA
Millett, B
Naugle, DE
Tulbure, M
Carroll, RWH
Tracy, J
Olawsky, C
AF Johnson, W. Carter
Werner, Brett
Guntenspergen, Glenn R.
Voldseth, Richard A.
Millett, Bruce
Naugle, David E.
Tulbure, Mirela
Carroll, Rosemary W. H.
Tracy, John
Olawsky, Craig
TI Prairie Wetland Complexes as Landscape Functional Units in a Changing
Climate
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE prairie pothole wetlands; hydrology; numeric models; climate change;
waterfowl
ID CENTRAL NORTH-DAKOTA; COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA; POTHOLE REGION; VEGETATION
DYNAMICS; GREAT-PLAINS; WATER LEVELS; HABITAT; HYDROLOGY; TRENDS;
VULNERABILITY
AB The wetland complex is the functional ecological unit of the prairie pothole region (PPR) of central North America. Diverse complexes of wetlands contribute high spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity, productivity, and biodiversity to these glaciated prairie landscapes. Climate-warming simulations using the new model WETLANDSCAPE (WLS) project major reductions in water volume, shortening of hydroperiods, and less-dynamic vegetation for prairie wetland complexes. The WLS model portrays the future PPR as a much less resilient ecosystem: The western PPR will be too dry and the eastern PPR will have too few functional wetlands and nesting habitat to support historic levels of waterfowl and other wetland-dependent species. Maintaining ecosystem goods and services at current levels in a warmer climate will be a major challenge for the conservation community.
C1 [Johnson, W. Carter; Voldseth, Richard A.; Olawsky, Craig] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Werner, Brett] St Olaf Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Northfield, MN 55057 USA.
[Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA.
[Millett, Bruce] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Naugle, David E.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Tulbure, Mirela] S Dakota State Univ, GIS Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
[Carroll, Rosemary W. H.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
[Tracy, John] Univ Idaho, Idaho Water Resources Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA.
RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry Landscape & Pk, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM carter.johnson@sdstate.edu
RI Tulbure, Mirela/B-3030-2012
OI Tulbure, Mirela/0000-0003-1456-183X
NR 59
TC 78
Z9 82
U1 3
U2 54
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 2
BP 128
EP 140
DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.2.7
PG 13
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 563OV
UT WOS:000275143100008
ER
PT J
AU Sun, JL
Oncley, SP
Burns, SP
Stephens, BB
Lenschow, DH
Campos, T
Monson, RK
Schimel, DS
Sacks, WJ
De Wekker, SFJ
Lai, CT
Lamb, B
Ojima, D
Ellsworth, PZ
Sternberg, LSL
Zhong, SR
Clements, C
Moore, DJP
Anderson, DE
Watt, AS
Hu, J
Tschudi, M
Aulenbach, S
Allwine, E
Coons, T
AF Sun, Jielun
Oncley, Steven P.
Burns, Sean P.
Stephens, Britton B.
Lenschow, Donald H.
Campos, Teresa
Monson, Russell K.
Schimel, David S.
Sacks, William J.
De Wekker, Stephan F. J.
Lai, Chun-Ta
Lamb, Brian
Ojima, Dennis
Ellsworth, Patrick Z.
Sternberg, Leonel S. L.
Zhong, Sharon
Clements, Craig
Moore, David J. P.
Anderson, Dean E.
Watt, Andrew S.
Hu, Jia
Tschudi, Mark
Aulenbach, Steven
Allwine, Eugene
Coons, Teresa
TI A MULTISCALE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATION OF ECOSYSTEM-ATMOSPHERE
CO2 EXCHANGE OVER THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS OF COLORADO
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; COLD-AIR DRAINAGE; HIGH-ELEVATION; COMPLEX TERRAIN;
CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; FLUXES; MODEL;
ADVECTION
C1 [Sun, Jielun; Oncley, Steven P.; Burns, Sean P.; Stephens, Britton B.; Lenschow, Donald H.; Campos, Teresa; Watt, Andrew S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.; Moore, David J. P.; Hu, Jia; Tschudi, Mark] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Schimel, David S.; Aulenbach, Steven] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO USA.
[Sacks, William J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[De Wekker, Stephan F. J.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
[Lai, Chun-Ta] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Lamb, Brian; Allwine, Eugene; Coons, Teresa] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Ojima, Dennis] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Ellsworth, Patrick Z.; Sternberg, Leonel S. L.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA.
[Zhong, Sharon] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Clements, Craig] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA USA.
[Anderson, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Sun, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jsun@ucar.edu
RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Moore, David/A-6268-2013; Stephens,
Britton/B-7962-2008; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016;
OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182;
De Wekker, Stephan/0000-0002-6343-854X; LENSCHOW,
DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098; Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914; Aulenbach,
Steve/0000-0002-0172-6538
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0321918]; National Science Foundation's
Deployment Pool; NASA [NNG04GH63G]
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the
National Science Foundation.; We would like to thank David Fitzjarrald
and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and
comments. The study was supported by NSF Grant EAR-0321918. We would
like to thank the staff members of ISFF and RAF at NCAR/EOL for their
hard work and support to the field campaigns of CME04 and ACME04.
Support for the NCAR/EOL facilities was provided by the National Science
Foundation's Deployment Pool. Ecosystem modeling was supported also by
NASA Grant NNG04GH63G to NREL at Colorado State University.
NR 54
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U1 0
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 2
BP 209
EP 230
DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2733.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 572XH
UT WOS:000275869800006
ER
PT J
AU Lin, GQ
Thurber, CH
Zhang, HJ
Hauksson, E
Shearer, PM
Waldhauser, F
Brocher, TM
Hardebeck, J
AF Lin, Guoqing
Thurber, Clifford H.
Zhang, Haijiang
Hauksson, Egill
Shearer, Peter M.
Waldhauser, Felix
Brocher, Thomas M.
Hardebeck, Jeanne
TI A California Statewide Three-Dimensional Seismic Velocity Model from
Both Absolute and Differential Times
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; LOCAL EARTHQUAKE TOMOGRAPHY;
WEST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; UPPER CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN
SIERRA-NEVADA; V-P/V-S; GREAT-VALLEY; HAYWARD FAULT; ANDREAS FAULT
AB We obtain a seismic velocity model of the California crust and uppermost mantle using a regional-scale double-difference tomography algorithm. We begin by using absolute arrival-time picks to solve for a coarse three-dimensional (3D) P velocity (V-P) model with a uniform 30 km horizontal node spacing, which we then use as the starting model for a finer-scale inversion using double-difference tomography applied to absolute and differential pick times. For computational reasons, we split the state into 5 subregions with a grid spacing of 10 to 20 km and assemble our final statewide V-P model by stitching together these local models. We also solve for a statewide S-wave model using S picks from both the Southern California Seismic Network and USArray, assuming a starting model based on the V-P results and a V-P/V-S ratio of 1.732. Our new model has improved areal coverage compared with previous models, extending 570 km in the SW-NE direction and 1320 km in the NW-SE direction. It also extends to greater depth due to the inclusion of substantial data at large epicentral distances. Our V-P model generally agrees with previous separate regional models for northern and southern California, but we also observe some new features, such as high-velocity anomalies at shallow depths in the Klamath Mountains and Mount Shasta area, somewhat slow velocities in the northern Coast Ranges, and slow anomalies beneath the Sierra Nevada at midcrustal and greater depths. This model can be applied to a variety of regional-scale studies in California, such as developing a unified statewide earthquake location catalog and performing regional waveform modeling.
C1 [Lin, Guoqing; Thurber, Clifford H.; Zhang, Haijiang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Zhang, Haijiang] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Hauksson, Egill] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Shearer, Peter M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Waldhauser, Felix] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Brocher, Thomas M.; Hardebeck, Jeanne] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Lin, GQ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM glin@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Shearer, Peter/K-5247-2012; Lin, Guoqing/B-1002-2009;
OI Shearer, Peter/0000-0002-2992-7630; Lin, Guoqing/0000-0003-2858-7782;
Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X; Hardebeck,
Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780; Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051
FU USGS [07HQGR0038, 07HQGR0045, 07HQGR0047, 07HQGR0050, 08HQGR0032,
08HQGR0039, 08HQGR0042, 08HQGR0045]
FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Caltech staff for
maintaining the NCSN and SCSN, and the IRIS Data Management Center for
making US Array data available. R. Catchings, C. Evangelidis, A.
Frankel, G. Fuis, S. Hartzell, W. Kohler, A. Lindh, J. Murphy, D.
O'Connell, and T. Parsons contributed first-arrival times and receiver
and source locations for active-source experiments in the study area. We
thank W.-X. Du for his effort to assemble the northern California
active-source data set into a consistent form and Y. Yang for providing
his ambient noise tomography model. This work is supported by the
National Earthquake Hazards Reduction program, under USGS awards
07HQGR0038, 07HQGR0045, 07HQGR0047, 07HQGR0050, 08HQGR0032, 08HQGR0039,
08HQGR0042 and 08HQGR0045, and the National Mapping Programs of the
USGS. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of
the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing
the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U. S.
government.
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U1 0
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PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD FEB 1
PY 2010
VL 100
IS 1
BP 225
EP 240
DI 10.1785/0120090028
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 550SM
UT WOS:000274149900013
ER
PT J
AU Hatch, SA
Gill, VA
Mulcahy, DM
AF Hatch, Scott A.
Gill, Verena A.
Mulcahy, Daniel M.
TI Individual and colony-specific wintering areas of Pacific northern
fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GPS TRACKING; BERING-SEA; SATELLITE TRACKING; LONGLINE FISHERIES;
BREEDING-SEASON; ALBATROSSES; TRANSMITTERS; MORTALITY; MIGRATION;
SURVIVAL
AB Seabird mortality associated with longline fishing in the eastern Bering Sea occurs mainly from September to May, with northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) comprising the majority (60%) of the bycatch. Along the west coast of North America, winter dieoffs of fulmars may be increasing in frequency and magnitude, the most severe on record being a wreck that peaked in October-November 2003. We deployed satellite transmitters on fulmars from the four main Alaska colonies and tracked individuals for up to 2 years. Fulmars; from Hall Island (northern Bering Sea) moved to Russian coastal waters after breeding, while Pribilof Island fulmars (southeastern Bering Sea) remained relatively sedentary year-round. Birds from Chagulak Island (eastern Aleutians) preferred passes between the Aleutian Islands in winter or foraged widely over deep waters of the central Bering Sea and North Pacific. Fulmars; from the Semidi Islands (western Gulf of Alaska) migrated directly to waters of the California Current. Individuals from St. George Island (Pribilofs) and Chagulak were consistent in the places that they visited in two successive winters. The Pribilof Islands population is most affected by winter longlining for groundfish, whereas the Semidi Islands colony sustains most of the natural mortality that occurs off Washington, Oregon, and California.
C1 [Hatch, Scott A.; Gill, Verena A.; Mulcahy, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Hatch, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM shatch@usgs.gov
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Management
FX Like so many seabird projects in Alaska, this work was assisted by the
late Captain Kevin D. Bell, whose able piloting of the MN Tiglax made
our trips to Hall Island and Chagulak Island possible and whose
boundless enthusiasm was always an inspiration and a reward in itself.
We are also indebted to the late Captain Gary Edwards and crew of the
F/V Big Valley for logistic support between Kodiak Island and the Semidi
Islands. Kent Wohl, US Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird
Management, provided partial funding for the purchase of telemetry
equipment, and Dave Douglas (US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center)
was a continuing source of expertise and practical assistance in all
matters pertaining to satellite telemetry. We thank Hannah Nevins and
Jim Harvey of the Moss Landing Marine Laboratory, Shannon Fitzgerald of
the National Marine Fisheries Service, and Robert Loeffel of Newport,
Oregon, for sharing unpublished data. Shiway Wang and Andy Ramey
assisted in field work at the Semidi Islands, and Andy helped with the
molecular sexing of fulmars in the laboratory. We thank Kim Rivera and
Shannon Fitzgerald for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript.
Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
imply endorsement by the US Government.
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PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 2
BP 386
EP 400
DI 10.1139/F09-184
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 553FU
UT WOS:000274352400015
ER
PT J
AU Mech, LD
AF Mech, L. D.
TI What is the taxonomic identity of Minnesota wolves?
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
LA English
DT Review
ID GREAT-LAKES WOLF; CANIS-LUPUS; GRAY WOLF; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RED WOLF;
COYOTES; DISPERSAL; HYBRIDIZATION; HISTORY; ONTARIO
AB The taxonomic identity of the historical and current wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758 or Canis lycaon Schreber, 1775 or their hybrids) population in Minnesota (MN) and the Great Lakes region has been, and continues to be, controversial. So too does its legal status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. This review summarizes the morphological and genetic information about that population and concludes that historically the MN population consisted of a gray wolf (C. lupus) in the west and an eastern type (Canis lupus lycaon or C. lycaon) in the east with intergrades or hybrids between the two in most of the state. After extirpation in much of its original MN range, the now-recovered population was infused with gray wolves from Ontario but still consists of hybrid lycaon x gray wolves, probably with higher content gray wolves in the west and higher content lycaon in the east but with most wolves morphologically appearing to be gray wolves. Because the current Wisconsin and Michigan wolf population was derived from MN wolves, they would be primarily hybrids as well. Future research should seek to relate genetic data with morphological measurements in MN wolves. In addition, attempts to breed coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) with gray wolves in captivity would shed considerable light on the controversy over the origin and taxonomic identity of the newly proposed C. lycaon.
C1 [Mech, L. D.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM mechx002@umn.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
FX This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie
Wildlife Research Center. I thank J. Hart, A. Wydeven, R. Schultz, R.
Thiel, and B. Roell for providing information about black wolf
incidence, as well as R.M. Nowak and T. Wheeldon for critiquing various
drafts of the manuscript.
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PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4301
J9 CAN J ZOOL
JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 88
IS 2
BP 129
EP 138
DI 10.1139/Z09-129
PG 10
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 572HV
UT WOS:000275819600001
ER
PT J
AU Skagen, SK
Adams, AAY
AF Skagen, Susan K.
Adams, Amy A. Yackel
TI ARE THERE OPTIMAL DENSITIES FOR PRAIRIE BIRDS?
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE avian density; Calamospiza melanocorys; commodity-selection hypothesis;
Lark Bunting; nest survival; Program MARK; shortgrass prairie
ID BUNTINGS CALAMOSPIZA-MELANOCORYS; NEST PREDATION; LARK BUNTINGS;
CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; PUBLIC INFORMATION; HABITAT QUALITY; EVOLUTION;
SURVIVAL; GRASSLAND; COLONIALITY
AB The major forces of food and predation shape fitness-enhancing decisions of birds at all stages of their life cycles. During the breeding season, birds can minimize nest loss due to predation by selecting sites with a lower probability of predation. To understand the environmental and social aspects and consequences of breeding-site selection in prairie birds, we explored variation in nest-survival patterns of the Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) in the shortgrass prairie region of North America. Over four breeding seasons, we documented the survival of 405 nests, conducted 60 surveys to estimate bird densities, and measured several vegetative features to describe habitat structure in 24 randomly selected study plots. Nest survival varied with the buntings' density as described by a quadratic polynomial, increasing with density below 1.5 birds ha(-1) and decreasing with density between 1.5 and 3 birds ha(-1), suggesting that an optimal range of densities favors reproductive success of the Lark Bunting, which nests semi-colonially. Nest survival also increased with increasing vegetation structure of study plots and varied with age of the nest, increasing during early incubation and late in the nestling stage and declining slightly from mid-incubation to the middle of the nestling period. The existence of an optimal range of densities in this semi-colonial species can be elucidated by the "commodity-selection hypothesis" at low densities and density dependence at high densities.
C1 [Skagen, Susan K.; Adams, Amy A. Yackel] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Skagen, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM skagens@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Survey Region 6
FX We extend our gratitude to our dedicated field crews: R. Adams, R.
Corcoran, M. B. Dillon, A. Lueders, E. DeMasters, J. Tjornehoj, T.
Cronk, Z. Draper, S. Patterson, M. Eitel, and C. Melcher, and we thank
the numerous volunteers that assisted in searching for nests. For
logistical support, housing, and vehicles, we thank J. Godbey (U.S.
Geological Sruvey), D. Weber (U.S. Forest Service), and G. Schoonveld
(Colorado Department of Wildlife). We thank F. Pusateri, S. Haire, and
T. Giles for land-use maps and GIS support. S. Davis, A. Farmer, and R.
Koford provided comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This
project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Survey Region 6.
NR 43
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 1
BP 8
EP 14
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090155
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 576ED
UT WOS:000276126200002
ER
PT J
AU Strum, KM
Hooper, MJ
Johnson, KA
Lanctot, RB
Zaccagnini, ME
Sandercock, BK
AF Strum, Khara M.
Hooper, Michael J.
Johnson, Kevin A.
Lanctot, Richard B.
Zaccagnini, Maria Elena
Sandercock, Brett K.
TI EXPOSURE OF NONBREEDING MIGRATORY SHOREBIRDS TO
CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITING CONTAMINANTS IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Buff-breasted Sandpiper; carbamate; nonbreeding; organophosphate;
population declines; sandpiper; Tryngites subruficollis; waders
ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; PLASMA
CHOLINESTERASES; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; SWAINSONS HAWKS; ARGENTINA;
TEXAS; BIRDS; FOOD; RICE
AB Migratory shorebirds frequently forage and roost in agricultural habitats, where they may be exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. Exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate compounds, common anti-cholinesterases, can cause sublethal effects, even death. To evaluate exposure of migratory shorebirds to organophosphorus and carbamates, we sampled birds stopping over during migration in North America and wintering in South America. We compared plasma cholinesterase activities and body masses of individuals captured at sites with no known sources of organophosphorus or carbamates to those captured in agricultural areas where agrochemicals were recommended for control of crop pests. In South America, plasma acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in Buff-breasted Sandpipers was lower at agricultural sites than at reference sites, indicating exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates. Results of plasma cholinesterase reactivation assays and foot-wash analyses were inconclusive. A meta-analysis of six species revealed no widespread effect of agricultural chemicals on cholinesterase activity. However, four of six species were negative for acetylcholinesterase and one of six for butyrylcholinesterase, indicating negative effects of pesticides on cholinesterase activity in a subset of shorebirds. Exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can decrease body mass, but comparisons between treatments and hemispheres suggest that agrochemicals did not affect migratory shorebirds' body mass. Our study, one of the first to estimate of shorebirds' exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides, suggests that shorebirds are being exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides at specific sites in the winter range but not at migratory stopover sites. Future research should examine potential behavioral effects of exposure and identify other potential sites and levels of exposure.
C1 [Strum, Khara M.; Sandercock, Brett K.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
[Hooper, Michael J.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA.
[Johnson, Kevin A.] So Illinois Univ Edwardsville, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA.
[Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Zaccagnini, Maria Elena] INTA CIRN, Inst Recursos Biol, RA-1712 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Strum, KM (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr 11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
EM kmstrum@ksu.edu
RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008; Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016;
OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268; Hooper,
Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Division of Biology at Kansas State
University; Institute for Environmental and Human Health at Texas Tech
University; Department of Chemistry at Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville
FX In North America, we thank the owners and staff of Anahuac National
Wildlife Refuge, turf-grass farms near Crosby, Texas, and Colwich and
Lawrence, Kansas, Houston Audubon Bolivar Flats Shorebird Sanctuary, and
Quivira National Wildlife Refuge. Stephanie Jones, Suzanne Fellows,
Sherry Fleming, Stephanie Schmidt, Mark Robbins, Joel Jorgensen, John
McCarty, and LaReesa Wolfenbarger provided logistical support, and
Angela Matz contributed to the project development. In South America,
access to field sites was provided by the staff of Guyra Paraguay,
Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria de Argentina, Reserva
Provincial Laguna Mar Chiquita y Banados Rio Dulce, Inversul S.A.,
farmers in Departamento Treinta y Tres, Uruguay, and Guardaparques del
Uruguay. Robert Owens, Hector Caimarys, the staff of Direccion Nacional
de Recursos Acuaticos, Uruguay, and Freddie provided logistical support.
In North America, field assistance was provided by Ashley Casey, Tara
Conkling, Samantha Franks, Kyle Gerstner, Kate Goodenough, Karl
Kosciuch, and the staff of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife
Services Office in Manhattan, Kansas. In South America, staff from the I
nstituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Laura Addy, Natalia
Bossel, Noelia Calamari, Julieta Decarre, Andrea Goijman, Benito
Jaubert, Laura Solari, and Romina Suarez aided with field sampling, as
well as Peter Doherty, Ben Haase, Leandro Macchi, and J. Neilson
Merriwether. This work would not have been possible without
collaboration with Julian Torres-Dowdall and Matilde Alfaro. Funding for
field work and lab analyses was provided by grants from the Neotropical
Migratory Bird Conservation Act and the Migratory Bird Management
programs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Additional support was
provided by the Division of Biology at Kansas State University, the
Institute for Environmental and Human Health at Texas Tech University,
and the Department of Chemistry at Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.
NR 68
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U1 0
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 1
BP 15
EP 28
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090026
PG 14
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 576ED
UT WOS:000276126200003
ER
PT J
AU Hagen, CA
Pitman, JC
Sandercock, BK
Wolfe, DH
Robel, RJ
Applegate, RD
Oyler-McCance, SJ
AF Hagen, Christian A.
Pitman, James C.
Sandercock, Brett K.
Wolfe, Don H.
Robel, Robert J.
Applegate, Roger D.
Oyler-McCance, Sara J.
TI REGIONAL VARIATION IN MTDNA OF THE LESSER PRAIRIE-CHICKEN
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE DNA; genetic diversity; Lesser Prairie-Chicken; mitochondrial DNA;
prairie grouse; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus
ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; GUNNISON SAGE-GROUSE; DNA-SEQUENCE DATA;
GENETIC-VARIATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FRAGMENTED POPULATIONS; RANGE
EXPANSION; TYMPANUCHUS; DIFFERENTIATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY
AB Cumulative loss of habitat and long-term decline in the populations of the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) have led to concerns for the species' viability throughout its range in the southern Great Plains. For more efficient conservation past and present distributions of genetic variation need to be understood. We examined the distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in the Lesser Prairie-Chicken across Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. Throughout the range we found little genetic differentiation except for the population in New Mexico, which was significantly different from most other populations. We did, however, find significant isolation by distance at the rangewide scale (r = 0.698). We found no relationship between haplotype phylogeny and geography, and our analyses provide evidence for a post-glacial population expansion within the species that is consistent with the idea that speciation within Tympanuchus is recent. Conservation actions that increase the likelihood of genetically viable populations in the future should be evaluated for implementation.
C1 [Hagen, Christian A.; Pitman, James C.; Sandercock, Brett K.; Robel, Robert J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
[Wolfe, Don H.] Univ Oklahoma, GM Sutton Avian Res Ctr, Bartlesville, OK 74005 USA.
[Applegate, Roger D.] Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Res & Survey Off, Emporia, KS 66801 USA.
[Oyler-McCance, Sara J.] Univ Denver, Rocky Mt Ctr Conservat Genet & Systemat, US Geol Survey, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
RP Hagen, CA (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 61374 Parrell Rd, Bend, OR 97702 USA.
EM christian.a.hagen@state.or.us
RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016
OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268
FU Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks [W-53-R]; Kansas Agricultural
Experiment Station [04-230-J]; Division of Biology at Kansas State
University; Rocky Mountain Center for Conservation Genetics and
Systematics at the University of Denver
FX M. R. Bain and T. Fields provided valuable samples from Gove, Ness, and
Trego counties. We thank J. O. Cattle Co., Sunflower Electric Corp.,
Brookover Cattle Co., P. E. Beach, and R. Einsel for access to their
property. C. G. Griffin, G. C. Salter, R. Rodgers, T. G. Shane, C.
Swank, and T. J. Whyte assisted with trapping of prairie chickens in
Kansas. W. Bryant, K. M. Giesen, and J. Yost assisted with the
collection of samples in Colorado. R. Van den Bussche provided
definitions of mtDNA haplotypes, enabling direct comparison with our
studies. Financial and logistical support was provided by the Kansas
Department of Wildlife and Parks (Federal Aid in Wildlife restoration
project W-53-R), Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (Contribution
No. 04-230-J), Division of Biology at Kansas State University, and the
Rocky Mountain Center for Conservation Genetics and Systematics at the
University of Denver. Jeff Johnson, Samantha Wisely, and six anonymous
reviewers provided useful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript.
NR 42
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 1
BP 29
EP 37
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090150
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 576ED
UT WOS:000276126200004
ER
PT J
AU Lombard, CD
Collazo, JA
McNair, DB
AF Lombard, Claudia D.
Collazo, Jaime A.
McNair, Douglas B.
TI NEST AND CHICK SURVIVAL AND COLONY-SITE DYNAMICS OF LEAST TERNS IN THE
US VIRGIN ISLANDS
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Caribbean; chick survival; colony-site dynamics; Least Tern; nest
survival; Sternula antillarum; US Virgin Islands
ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CALIFORNIA; METAPOPULATION; CONSERVATION;
MISSISSIPPI; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT
AB We report nest and chick survival and colony-site dynamics of the Least Tern (Sternula antillarum). These results are the first for the Caribbean and were derived with likelihood-based approaches from 4640 nests and 44 chicks fitted with transmitters monitored in 52 colonies at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, 2003-2006. Managed colonies excluded, overall daily nest survival (+/- SE) was 0.92 +/- 0.03 (period survival = 0.18). Daily nest survival of managed colonies (fenced) was significantly higher (0.97 +/- 0.02; period survival = 0.51). Variation in nest survival was best explained by a negative linear trend in daily survival, influenced by year, rain, large colony size, and nesting habitat. Daily nest-survival rates at sandy beaches (0.94 +/- 0.02), offshore cays (0.93 +/- 0.005), and saltflats (0.91 +/- 0.02) did not differ significantly. The period survival of chicks was 0.30 +/- 0.11. Estimated fledglings per nest attempt were 0.06. Demographic assessments suggested that higher reproductive rates are required for maintenance (lambda >= 1). Managed colonies could meet nest-survival thresholds, but complementary measures are needed to increase chick survival. Our findings suggest that management should target sites harboring large colonies because they had higher nest success and higher probability of use in subsequent seasons. The colonies' site dynamics suggested that immigration from other populations is plausible. This possibility relaxes breeding-productivity thresholds and advocates for coordinated conservation among populations on neighboring islands. Estimates of age-specific survival and connectivity are needed for the status of the species to be assessed appropriately and conservation priorities set.
C1 [Lombard, Claudia D.; Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Lombard, Claudia D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Boqueron, PR 00622 USA.
[McNair, Douglas B.] Dept Planning & Nat Resources, Div Fish & Wildlife, Frederiksted, VI USA.
[McNair, Douglas B.] Sapphos Environm Inc, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA.
RP Lombard, CD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM Jaime_Collazo@ncsu.edu
FU U.S. Virgin Islands Department of Natural Resources and Planning,
Division of Fish and Wildlife [W-18]
FX This project was supported by a Federal Aid Project (W-18) from the U.S.
Virgin Islands Department of Natural Resources and Planning, Division of
Fish and Wildlife. We are thankful to J. Pierce for her support and to
J. Wakefield, L. Yntema, J. Deangelis, and M. Gilmour for their
assistance in the field. We are grateful to HOVENSA Oil Refinery, St.
Croix Renaissance Park, the National Park Service, The Nature
Conservancy, and the Judith's Fancy homeowners' association for allowing
us to survey their lands. We thank K. Pollock, T. Simons, N. Haddad, G.
Herring, M. Sherfy, S. Dinsmore, and two anonymous reviewers for
suggestions to earlier versions of the manuscript.
NR 36
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PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 112
IS 1
BP 56
EP 64
DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090042
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 576ED
UT WOS:000276126200007
ER
PT J
AU Belant, JL
Beever, EA
Gross, JE
Lawler, JJ
AF Belant, Jerrold L.
Beever, Erik A.
Gross, John E.
Lawler, Joshua J.
TI Special Section: Ecological Responses to Contemporary Climate Change
within Species, Communities, and Ecosystems
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Belant, Jerrold L.] Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Gross, John E.] Off Inventory Monitoring & Evaluat, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
[Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Belant, JL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM jbelant@cfr.msstate.edu
NR 14
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U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 1
BP 7
EP 9
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01402.x
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 544VF
UT WOS:000273686700004
PM 20121836
ER
PT J
AU Cole, KL
AF Cole, Kenneth L.
TI Vegetation Response to Early Holocene Warming as an Analog for Current
and Future Changes
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE colonizing species; early Holocene; global warming; Grand Canyon; plant
succession; vegetation change
ID RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GRAND-CANYON; FOREST SUCCESSION; DYNAMICS;
GREENLAND; ARIZONA; FOSSIL; USA; CALIFORNIA; MIGRATION
AB Temperatures in southwestern North America are projected to increase 3.5-4 degrees C over the next 60-90 years. This will precipitate ecological shifts as the ranges of species change in response to new climates. During this shift, rapid-colonizing species should increase, whereas slow-colonizing species will at first decrease, but eventually become reestablished in their new range. This successional process has been estimated to require from 100 to over 300 years in small areas, under a stable climate, with a nearby seed source. How much longer will it require on a continental scale, under a changing climate, without a nearby seed source? I considered this question through an examination of the response of fossil plant assemblages from the Grand Canyon, Arizona, to the most recent rapid warming of similar magnitude that occurred at the start of the Holocene, 11,700 years ago. At that time, temperatures in southwestern North America increased about 4 degrees C over less than a century. Grand Canyon plant species responded at different rates to this warming climate. Early-successional species rapidly increased, whereas late-successional species decreased. This shift persisted throughout the next 2700 years. I found two earlier, less-extreme species shifts following rapid warming events around 14,700 and 16,800 years ago. Late-successional species predominated only after 4000 years or more of relatively stable temperature. These results suggest the potential magnitude, duration, and nature of future ecological changes and have implications for conservation plans, especially those incorporating equilibrium assumptions or reconstituting past conditions. When these concepts are extended to include the most rapid early-successional colonizers, they imply that the recent increases in invasive exotics may be only the most noticeable part of a new resurgence of early-successional vegetation. Additionally, my results challenge the reliability of models of future vegetation and carbon balance that project conditions on the basis of assumptions of equilibrium within only a century.
C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Cole, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, PO 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM ken_cole@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Southwestern Biological Science Center;
Department of Energy; National Institute for Climate Change Research;
Regional Dynamic Vegetation Model for the Colorado Plateau
FX This study has been supported by many sponsors over the last 30 years,
most recently, the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwestern Biological
Science Center, and the Department of Energy, National Institute for
Climate Change Research project, Regional Dynamic Vegetation Model for
the Colorado Plateau: A Species-Specific Approach. Helpful comments were
received from D. Mattson, M. Miller, several editors, and many anonymous
reviewers. I acknowledge P. S. Martin for setting me out on this project
and illustrating that ecology is broader than just our brief
observations of what we had assumed to be normal.
NR 51
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U1 0
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
EI 1523-1739
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 1
BP 29
EP 37
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01406.x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 544VF
UT WOS:000273686700007
PM 20121839
ER
PT J
AU Lawler, JJ
Shafer, SL
Blaustein, AR
AF Lawler, Joshua J.
Shafer, Sarah L.
Blaustein, Andrew R.
TI Projected Climate Impacts for the Amphibians of the Western Hemisphere
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE amphibians; bioclimatic models; climate change; climate impacts;
dispersal; range shifts; rare species; western hemisphere
ID EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; POPULATION DECLINES; RANDOM FORESTS;
EXTINCTIONS; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; DISEASE; MODELS; DEBATE
AB Given their physiological requirements, limited dispersal abilities, and hydrologically sensitive habitats, amphibians are likely to be highly sensitive to future climatic changes. We used three approaches to map areas in the western hemisphere where amphibians are particularly likely to be affected by climate change. First, we used bioclimatic models to project potential climate-driven shifts in the distribution of 413 amphibian species based on 20 climate simulations for 2071-2100. We summarized these projections to produce estimates of species turnover. Second, we mapped the distribution of 1099 species with restricted geographic ranges. Finally, using the 20 future climate-change simulations, we mapped areas that were consistently projected to receive less seasonal precipitation in the coming century and thus were likely to have altered microclimates and local hydrologies. Species turnover was projected to be highest in the Andes Mountains and parts of Central America and Mexico, where, on average, turnover rates exceeded 60% under the lower of two emissions scenarios. Many of the restricted-range species not included in our range-shift analyses were concentrated in parts of the Andes and Central America and in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Much of Central America, southwestern North America, and parts of South America were consistently projected to experience decreased precipitation by the end of the century. Combining the results of the three analyses highlighted several areas in which amphibians are likely to be significantly affected by climate change for multiple reasons. Portions of southern Central America were simultaneously projected to experience high species turnover, have many additional restricted-range species, and were consistently projected to receive less precipitation. Together, our three analyses form one potential assessment of the geographic vulnerability of amphibians to climate change and as such provide broad-scale guidance for directing conservation efforts.
C1 [Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Shafer, Sarah L.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Blaustein, Andrew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Lawler, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM jlawler@u.washington.edu
FU Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI); World
Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Modeling
(WGCM); Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; David H. Smith
Conservation Fellowship [DHS2009-02]
FX J.J.L. was funded, in part, by a David H. Smith Conservation Fellowship
and S. L. S. received funding from the U. S. Geological Survey's Earth
Surface Dynamics Program. We thank S. Hostetler and C. Pearl for
comments on an earlier version of this manuscript and D. White and P.
Kareiva for conceptual and analytical advice. We acknowledge the
modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and
Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)
Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making
available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support of this data set
is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. This is
publication number DHS2009-02 of the David H. Smith Conservation
Fellowship program.
NR 61
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
EI 1523-1739
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 1
BP 38
EP 50
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01403.x
PG 13
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 544VF
UT WOS:000273686700008
PM 20121840
ER
PT J
AU Flesch, AD
Epps, CW
Cain, JW
Clark, M
Krausman, PR
Morgart, JR
AF Flesch, Aaron D.
Epps, Clinton W.
Cain, James W., III
Clark, Matt
Krausman, Paul R.
Morgart, John R.
TI Potential Effects of the United States-Mexico Border Fence on Wildlife
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bighorn sheep; dispersal; pygmy-owl; flight behavior; gene flow;
connectivity; least-cost path; transboundary; conservation; US-Mexico
border
ID POPULATION TRENDS; BIGHORN SHEEP; MOVEMENTS; MODELS; CONSERVATION;
MAMMALS; MATRIX; BIRDS
AB Security infrastructure along international boundaries threatens to degrade connectivity for wildlife. To explore potential effects of a fence under construction along the U.S.-Mexico border on wildlife, we assessed movement behavior of two species with different life histories whose regional persistence may depend on transboundary movements. We used radiotelemetry to assess how vegetation and landscape structure affect flight and natal dispersal behaviors of Ferruginous Pygmy-Owls (Glaucidium brasilianum), and satellite telemetry, gene-flow estimates, and least-cost path models to assess movement behavior and interpopulation connectivity of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana). Flight height of Pygmy-Owls averaged only 1.4 m (SE 0.1) above ground, and only 23% of flights exceeded 4 m. Juvenile Pygmy-Owls dispersed at slower speeds, changed direction more, and had lower colonization success in landscapes with larger vegetation openings or higher levels of disturbance (p <= 0.047), which suggests large vegetation gaps coupled with tall fences may limit transboundary movements. Female bighorn sheep crossed valleys up to 4.9 km wide, and microsatellite analyses indicated relatively high levels of gene flow and migration (95% CI for F(ST) = 0.010-0.115, Nm = 1.9-24.8, M = 10.4-15.4) between populations divided by an 11-km valley. Models of gene flow based on regional topography and movement barriers suggested that nine populations of bighorn sheep in northwestern Sonora are linked by dispersal with those in neighboring Arizona. Disruption of transboundary movement corridors by impermeable fencing would isolate some populations on the Arizona side. Connectivity for other species with similar movement abilities and spatial distributions may be affected by border development, yet mitigation strategies could address needs of wildlife and humans.
C1 [Flesch, Aaron D.; Cain, James W., III; Krausman, Paul R.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Epps, Clinton W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Clark, Matt] Defenders Wildlife, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA.
[Morgart, John R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ajo, AZ 85321 USA.
RP Flesch, AD (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Avian Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM aaron.flesch@umontana.edu
FU Arizona Department of Transportation and Defenders of Wildlife; United
States Fish and Wildlife Service; Foundation for North American Wild
Sheep; Boone and Crockett Club; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation;
Desert Bighorn Council; Arizona Desert Bighorn Sheep Society
FX We thank the Arizona Department of Transportation and Defenders of
Wildlife for sponsoring research on pygmyowls and United States Fish and
Wildlife Service, Foundation for North American Wild Sheep, Boone and
Crockett Club, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Desert Bighorn
Council, and Arizona Desert Bighorn Sheep Society for sponsoring
research on bighorn sheep. Logistical support was provided by Centro de
Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, Arizona Game and Fish
Department, and Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge. We thank R.
Knight, K. Granillo, B. Millsap, and two anonymous referees for
comments, R. Steidl for research support, and the people of Sonora for
access.
NR 46
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U1 15
U2 78
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 1
BP 171
EP 181
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01277.x
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 544VF
UT WOS:000273686700022
PM 19558522
ER
PT J
AU Nielsen, JL
Pavey, SA
AF Nielsen, Jennifer L.
Pavey, Scott A.
TI Perspectives: Gene expression in fisheries management
SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Ecological and Evolutionary Ethology of Fishes
CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2008
CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA
HO Boston Univ
DE Fish genome; Fisheries management; Conservation; Gene expression
ID EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNITS; COMPLEMENTARY-DNA MICROARRAY; GLOBAL
CLIMATE-CHANGE; PAIRS COREGONUS SP.; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; ATLANTIC
SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY;
FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS
AB Functional genes and gene expression have been connected to physiological traits linked to effective production and broodstock selection in aquaculture, selective implications of commercial fish harvest, and adaptive changes reflected in non-commercial fish populations subject to human disturbance and climate change. Gene mapping using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify functional genes, gene expression (analogue microarrays and real-time PCR), and digital sequencing technologies looking at RNA transcripts present new concepts and opportunities in support of effective and sustainable fisheries. Genomic tools have been rapidly growing in aquaculture research addressing aspects of fish health, toxicology, and early development. Genomic technologies linking effects in functional genes involved in growth, maturation and life history development have been tied to selection resulting from harvest practices. Incorporating new and ever-increasing knowledge of fish genomes is opening a different perspective on local adaptation that will prove invaluable in wild fish conservation and management. Conservation of fish stocks is rapidly incorporating research on critical adaptive responses directed at the effects of human disturbance and climate change through gene expression studies. Genomic studies of fish populations can be generally grouped into three broad categories: 1) evolutionary genomics and biodiversity; 2) adaptive physiological responses to a changing environment; and 3) adaptive behavioral genomics and life history diversity. We review current genomic research in fisheries focusing on those that use microarrays to explore differences in gene expression among phenotypes and within or across populations, information that is critically important to the conservation of fish and their relationship to humans [Current Zoology 56 (1): 157-174, 2010].
C1 [Nielsen, Jennifer L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Pavey, Scott A.] Simon Frasier Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Pavey, Scott A.] Natl Pk Serv, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA.
RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM jlnielsen@usgs.gov; scott_pavey@nps.gov
NR 224
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U1 3
U2 21
PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY
PI BEIJING
PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT,
BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-5507
J9 CURR ZOOL
JI Curr. Zool.
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 56
IS 1
BP 157
EP 174
PG 18
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 592VM
UT WOS:000277409400017
ER
EF