FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Palti, Y Gahr, SA Purcell, MK Hadidi, S Rexroad, CE Wiens, GD AF Palti, Yniv Gahr, Scott A. Purcell, Maureen K. Hadidi, Sima Rexroad, Caird E., III Wiens, Gregory D. TI Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR7, TLR8a1 and TLR8a2 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toll-like receptor; TLR7; TLR8; Rainbow trout; Innate immunity; Genetic map; Gene-duplication; Gene expression ID TOLL-LIKE-RECEPTOR; WHOLE-GENOME DUPLICATION; CLASS-I REGIONS; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; FUGU-RUBRIPES; TELEOST FISH; VERTEBRATE AB induction of the innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-viral defense but there is limited understanding of how teleost fish recognize viral molecules and activate these pathways. in mammals, Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 bind single-stranded RNA of viral origin and are activated by synthetic anti-viral imidazoquinoline compounds. Herein, we identify and describe the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) TLR7 and TLR8 gene orthologs and their mRNA expression. Two TLR7/8 loci were identified from a rainbow trout bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library using DNA fingerprinting and genetic linkage analyses. Direct sequencing of two representative BACs revealed intact omTLR7 and omTLR8a1 open reading frames (ORFs) located on chromosome 3 and a second locus on chromosome 22 that contains an omTLR8a2 ORF and a putative TLR7 pseudogene. We used the omTLR8a1/2 nomenclature for the two trout TLR8 genes as phylogenetic analysis revealed that they and all the other teleost TLR8 genes sequenced to date are similar to the zebrafish TLR8a, but are distinct from the zebrafish TLR8b. The duplicated trout loci exhibit conserved synteny with other fish genomes extending beyond the tandem of TLR7/8 genes. The trout TLR7 and 8a1/2 genes are composed of a single large exon similar to all other described TLR7/8 genes. The omTLR7 ORF is predicted to encode a 1049 amino acid (aa) protein with 84% similarity to the Fugu TLR7 and a conserved pattern of predicted leucine-rich repeats (LRR). The omTLR8a1 and omTLR8a2 are predicted to encode 1035- and 1034-aa proteins, respectively, and have 86% similarity to each other. omTLR8a1 is likely the ortholog of the only Atlantic salmon TLR8 gene described to date as they have 95% aa sequence similarity. The tissue expression profiles of omTLR7, omTLR8a1 and omTLR8a2 in healthy trout were highest in spleen tissue followed by anterior and then posterior kidney tissues. Rainbow trout anterior kidney leukocytes produced elevated levels of pro-inflammatory and type I interferon cytokines mRNA in response to stimulation with the human TLR7/8 agonist R848 or the TLR3 agonist poly I:C. Only poly LC-incluced IFN2 transcription was significantly suppressed in the presence of chloroquine, a compound known to block endosomal acidification and inhibit endosomal maturation. The effect of chloroquine on R848-induced cytokine expression was equivocal and so it remains questionable whether rainbow trout recognition of R848 requires endosomal maturation. TLR7 and TLR8a1 expression levels in rainbow trout anterior kidney leukocytes were not affected by poly I:C or R848 treatments, but surprisingly, TLR8a2 expression was moderately down-regulated by R848. The down-regulation of omTLR8a2 may imply that this gene has evolved to a new or altered function in rainbow trout, as often occurs when the two duplicated genes remain active. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Palti, Yniv; Gahr, Scott A.; Hadidi, Sima; Rexroad, Caird E., III; Wiens, Gregory D.] ARS, NCCCWA, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), ARS, NCCCWA, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM yniv.palti@ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 77 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2009.10.002 PG 15 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 537XK UT WOS:000273147400018 PM 19825389 ER PT J AU Mueller, C Frankel, A Petersen, M Leyendecker, E AF Mueller, Charles Frankel, Arthur Petersen, Mark Leyendecker, Edgar TI New Seismic Hazard Maps for Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article DE earthquake engineering; faulting; geodesy; seismology ID CARIBBEAN PLATE BOUNDARY; EARTHQUAKE RECURRENCE; SEPTENTRIONAL FAULT AB The probabilistic methodology developed by the U.S. Geological Survey is applied to a new seismic hazard assessment for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Modeled seismic sources include gridded historical seismicity, subduction-interface and strike-slip faults with known slip rates, and two broad zones of crustal extension with seismicity rates constrained by GPS geodesy. We use attenuation relations from western North American and worldwide data, as well as a Caribbean-specific relation. Results are presented as maps of peak ground acceleration and 0.2- and 1.0-second spectral response acceleration for 2% and 10% probabilities of exceedance in 50 years (return periods of about 2,500 and 500 years, respectively). This paper describes the hazard model and maps that were balloted by the Building Seismic Safety Council and recommended for the 2003 NEHRP Provisions and the 2006 International Building Code. C1 [Mueller, Charles; Frankel, Arthur; Petersen, Mark; Leyendecker, Edgar] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mueller, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 169 EP 185 DI 10.1193/1.3277667 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 551BD UT WOS:000274179400009 ER PT J AU Hartley, S Krushelnycky, PD Lester, PJ AF Hartley, Stephen Krushelnycky, Paul D. Lester, Philip J. TI Integrating physiology, population dynamics and climate to make multi-scale predictions for the spread of an invasive insect: the Argentine ant at Haleakala National Park, Hawaii SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE MAYR; IRIDOMYRMEX-HUMILIS; ABIOTIC FACTORS; FIRE ANT; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; HABITAT MODELS; NEW-ZEALAND AB Mechanistic models for predicting species' distribution patterns present particular advantages and challenges relative to models developed from statistical correlations between distribution and climate. They can be especially useful for predicting the range of invasive species whose distribution has not yet reached equilibrium. Here, we illustrate how a physiological model of development for the invasive Argentine ant can be connected to differences in micro-site suitability, population dynamics and climatic gradients; processes operating at quite different spatial scales. Our study is located in the subalpine shrubland of Haleakala National Park, Hawaii, where the spread of Argentine ants Linepithema humile has been documented for the past twenty-five years. We report four main results. First, at a microsite level, the accumulation of degree-days recorded in potential ant nest sites under bare ground or rocks was significantly greater than under a groundcover of grassy vegetation. Second, annual degree-days measured where population boundaries have not expanded (456-521 degree-days), were just above the developmental requirements identified from earlier laboratory studies (445 degree-days above 15.9 degrees C). Third, rates of population expansion showed a strong linear relationship with annual degree-days. Finally, an empirical relationship between soil degree-days and climate variables mapped at a broader scale predicts the potential for future range expansion of Argentine ants at Haleakala, particularly to the west of the lower colony and the east of the upper colony. Variation in the availability of suitable microsites, driven by changes in vegetation cover and ultimately climate, provide a hierarchical understanding of the distribution of Argentine ants close to their cold-wet limit of climatic tolerances. We conclude that the integration of physiology, population dynamics and climate mapping holds much promise for making more robust predictions about the potential spread of invasive species. C1 [Hartley, Stephen; Lester, Philip J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Krushelnycky, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Haleakala Field Stn, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. RP Hartley, S (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, POB 600, Wellington, New Zealand. EM stephen.hartley@vuw.ac.nz RI Hartley, Stephen/A-2794-2008; Lester, Phil/A-1296-2008 OI Hartley, Stephen/0000-0002-9049-5072; Lester, Phil/0000-0002-1801-5687 FU Victoria Univ. of Wellington; Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Univ. of Hawaii; Royal Society of New Zealand [04-CBRP-USA-62-HART] FX We would like to thank T. Giambelluca and M. Nullet for sharing climate data; S. Joe, S. Olson and L. Weisenberger for help in the field; L. Loope and two anonymous referees for providing critical advice; and Victoria Univ. of Wellington, the Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Univ. of Hawaii, and the Royal Society of New Zealand (ISAT grant 04-CBRP-USA-62-HART) for administrative and financial assistance. NR 68 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.06037.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 564HZ UT WOS:000275205200009 ER PT J AU Faaborg, J Holmes, RT Anders, AD Bildstein, KL Dugger, KM Gauthreaux, SA Heglund, P Hobson, KA Jahn, AE Johnson, DH Latta, SC Levey, DJ Marra, PP Merkord, CL Nol, E Rothstein, SI Sherry, TW Sillett, TS Thompson, FR Warnock, N AF Faaborg, John Holmes, Richard T. Anders, Angela D. Bildstein, Keith L. Dugger, Katie M. Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr. Heglund, Patricia Hobson, Keith A. Jahn, Alex E. Johnson, Douglas H. Latta, Steven C. Levey, Douglas J. Marra, Peter P. Merkord, Christoper L. Nol, Erica Rothstein, Stephen I. Sherry, Thomas W. Sillett, T. Scott Thompson, Frank R., III Warnock, Nils TI Recent advances in understanding migration systems of New World land birds SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE austral migration; breeding season population limitation; carry-over effects; connectivity; en route ecology; intratropical migration; land birds; migration; soure-sink demography; winter population limitation ID THROATED BLUE WARBLERS; HABITAT-SPECIFIC DEMOGRAPHY; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; MIXED-SPECIES FLOCKS; ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; CURRENT REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SANDPIPER CALIDRIS-MAURI AB Our understanding of migratory birds' year-round ecology and evolution remains patchy despite recent fundamental advances. Periodic reviews focus future research and inform conservation and management; here, we take advantage of our combined experiences working on Western Hemisphere avian migration systems to highlight recent lessons and critical gaps in knowledge. Among topics discussed are: (1) The pipeline from pure to applied researchers leaves room for improvement. (2) Population limitation and regulation includes both seasonal and between-season interactions. (3) The study of movements of small-bodied species remains a major research frontier. (4) We must increase our understanding of population connectivity. (5) With few exceptions, population regulation has barely been investigated. (6) We have increasingly integrated landscape configuration of habitats, large-scale habitat disturbances, and habitat quality impacts into models of seasonal and overall demographic success. (7) The post-breeding season (late summer for latitudinal migrants) is increasingly appreciated for its impacts on demography. (8) We recognize the diverse ways that avian brood parasites, nest predators, and food availability affect demography. (9) Source-sink and meta-population models help us understand migratory avian distributions among fragmented habitats. (10) Advances in modeling have improved estimates of annual survival and fecundity, but for few species. (11) Populations can be limited by ecological conditions in winter, but habitat needs are poorly known for most species at this time. (12) Migration tends to occupy broad spatial fronts that may change seasonally or when migrants cross major barriers. (13) En route conditions can limit migrant populations; linking migration habitat quality indicators to fitness or population consequences presents a major challenge. (14) A variety of intra-tropical Neotropical migration patterns are recognizable,. but almost nothing is known about these systems beyond descriptions of a few typical species' movements. (15) Global climate change scenarios predict range and phenology shifts of Neotropical migrant bird populations that must be considered in conservation plans. Future studies will depend on new technologies and the integration of modeling with sophisticated, large-spatial-scale measurement and parameter estimation; whether the pace of research and management involving migratory birds can match the growth of environmental threats remains to be seen. C1 [Faaborg, John; Merkord, Christoper L.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Holmes, Richard T.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Anders, Angela D.] Clancy Environm Consultants, Papahanaumokuakea Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [Bildstein, Keith L.] Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Orwigsburg, PA 17961 USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Heglund, Patricia] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Jahn, Alex E.; Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Latta, Steven C.] Natl Aviary, Dept Conservat & Field Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. [Marra, Peter P.; Sillett, T. Scott] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Ecol & Conservat Grp, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Rothstein, Stephen I.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sherry, Thomas W.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Warnock, Nils] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. RP Faaborg, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM faaborgj@missouri.edu OI Merkord, Chris/0000-0003-2825-1904 NR 458 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 24 U2 177 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 80 IS 1 BP 3 EP 48 DI 10.1890/09-0395.1 PG 46 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 572GW UT WOS:000275816800002 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Anderson, TM Olff, H Scheiner, SM AF Grace, James B. Anderson, T. Michael Olff, Han Scheiner, Samuel M. TI On the specification of structural equation models for ecological systems SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE coastal wetland; composite variables; formative measurement; meta-models; multifaceted concepts; reflective measurement; structural equation meta-models; structural equation modeling; theoretical concepts; theoretical constructs ID REBUILDING COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; CALIFORNIA SHRUBLANDS; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; PATH COEFFICIENTS; SPECIES RICHNESS; WILCOX 2007; FIRE; MISSPECIFICATION; INDICATORS; DIVERSITY AB The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) is often motivated by its utility for investigating complex networks of relationships, but also because of its promise as a means of representing theoretical Concepts using latent variables. In this paper, we discuss characteristics of ecological theory and some of the challenges for proper specification of theoretical ideas in structural equation models (SE models). In our presentation, we describe some of the requirements for classical latent variable models in which observed variables (indicators) are interpreted as the effects of underlying causes. We also describe alternative model specifications in which indicators are interpreted as having causal influences on the theoretical concepts. We suggest that this latter nonclassical specification (which involves another variable type-the composite) will often be appropriate for ecological studies because of the multifaceted nature of our theoretical concepts. In this paper, we employ the use of meta-models to aid the translation of theory into SE models and also to facilitate Our ability to relate results back to our theories. We demonstrate our approach by showing how a synthetic theory of grassland biodiversity call be evaluated using SEM and data from a coastal grassland. In this example, the theory focuses on the responses of species richness to abiotic stress and disturbance, both directly and through intervening effects on community biomass. Models examined include both those based oil classical forms (where each concept is represented using a single latent variable) and also ones in which the concepts are recognized to be multifaceted and modeled as such. To address the challenge of matching SE models with the conceptual level of our theory, two approaches are illustrated, compositing and aggregation. Both approaches are shown to have merits, with the former being preferable for cases where the multiple facets of a concept have widely differing effects in the system and the latter being preferable where facets act together consistently when influencing other parts of the system. Because ecological theory characteristically deals with concepts that are multifaceted, we expect the methods presented in this paper will be useful for ecologists wishing to use SEM. C1 [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Anderson, T. Michael; Olff, Han] Univ Groningen, Community & Conservat Ecol Grp, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. [Scheiner, Samuel M.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM gracej@usgs.gov RI Scheiner, Sam/A-4320-2009; Olff, Han/A-8516-2008 OI Scheiner, Sam/0000-0003-1677-9752; Olff, Han/0000-0003-2154-3576 FU USGS Global Change Program FX We thank Evan Weiher and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. This work was supported, in part, by funding from the USGS Global Change Program. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This manuscript is based on work done by S. M. Scheiner while serving at the National Science Foundation. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation or the United States Government. NR 66 TC 153 Z9 155 U1 23 U2 214 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 80 IS 1 BP 67 EP 87 DI 10.1890/09-0464.1 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 572GW UT WOS:000275816800004 ER PT J AU Qian, SS Cuffney, TF Alameddine, I McMahon, G Reckhow, KH AF Qian, Song S. Cuffney, Thomas F. Alameddine, Ibrahim McMahon, Gerard Reckhow, Kenneth H. TI On the application of multilevel modeling in environmental and ecological studies SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian statistics; effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems, EUSE; hierarchical model; regression; urbanization ID URBAN INTENSITY; SETTINGS AB This paper illustrates the advantages of a multilevel/hierarchical approach for predictive modeling, including flexibility of model formulation, explicitly accounting for hierarchical structure in the data, and the ability to predict the Outcome of new cases. As a generalization of the classical approach, the multilevel modeling approach explicitly models the hierarchical Structure in the data by considering both the within- and between-group variances leading to a partial pooling of data across all levels in the hierarchy. The modeling framework provides means for incorporating variables at different spatiotemporal scales. The examples used in this paper illustrate the iterative process of model fitting and evaluation, a process that can lead to improved understanding of the system being studied. C1 [Qian, Song S.; Alameddine, Ibrahim; Reckhow, Kenneth H.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Cuffney, Thomas F.; McMahon, Gerard] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Qian, SS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM song@duke.edu RI Qian, Song/I-6544-2012 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR [RDS3244701]; U.S. Geological Survey [08HQAG0121] FX S. S. Qian, I. Alameddine, and K. H. Reckhow are partly supported by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant (RDS3244701) and by the U.S. Geological Survey through a cooperative agreement (08HQAG0121). Comments and suggestions from Graham McBride and Jim Grace on an early version of the paper are greatly appreciated. J. D. Bales and Becky Deckard's editorial review enhanced the read of this paper. We appreciate the comments from two reviewers. NR 23 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 35 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 2 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1890/09-1043.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 572GX UT WOS:000275816900007 PM 20392000 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Gray, BR AF Custer, Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Gray, Brian R. TI Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans, and organochlorine pesticides in spotted sandpiper eggs from the upper Hudson River basin, New York SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spotted sandpiper; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Dioxins; Hudson River; Organochlorine pesticides ID SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; TREE SWALLOWS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; HOUSATONIC RIVER; GREEN BAY; USA; PCBS; CONTAMINANTS AB In 2004, spotted sandpipers (Actitis macularia) were studied on the Hudson River near Fort Edward south to New Baltimore, NY and on two river drainages that flow into the Hudson River. Concentrations of 28 organochlorine pesticides, 160 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and 17 dioxin and furan (PCDD-F) congeners were quantified in eggs collected on and off the Hudson River. The pattern of organochlorine pesticides and PCDD-F congeners did not differ significantly between eggs collected on and off the Hudson River. In contrast, the pattern of PCB congeners differed significantly between the Hudson River and other rivers. Total PCBs were significantly greater in eggs from the Hudson River (geometric mean = 9.1 mu g PCBs/g wet weight) than from the other two rivers (0.6 and 0.6 mu g PCBs/g wet weight). Seven of 35 (20%) eggs exceeded 20 mu g PCBs/g wet weight, the estimated threshold for reduced hatching in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and some raptor species; the maximum concentration was 72.3 mu g PCBs/g wet weight. Models that predicted nest survival and egg success (the proportion of eggs hatching in a clutch if at least one egg hatched) as functions of contaminant levels were poorly distinguished from models that presumed no such associations. While small sample size could have contributed to the inability to distinguish among contaminant and no toxicant models, we cannot rule out the possibility that contaminant concentrations on the Hudson River were not sufficiently high to demonstrate a relationship between contaminant concentrations and reproductive success. C1 [Custer, Thomas W.; Custer, Christine M.; Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tcuster@usgs.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU Hudson River Trustees FX The authors thank the Hudson River Trustees for funding the study; Paul M. Dummer, Steven C. Houdek, Anna Karolyshyn, Christopher D. Pollentier, Ryan Pottinger, Kathryn J. Schneider, Amanda J. Stein, Matthew Stuber, and Will Yandik for field assistance; New York Department of Environmental Conservation and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for scientific collecting permits; Dennis Heisey and Terry Shaffer for helpful comments regarding survival analysis; Oliver Schabenberger for code to fit the multilevel SHNONE3 sandpiper model; and Gary Heinz and John Elliott for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Any opinions presented are those of the principal investigators and not the position of the United States or the Hudson River Trustees. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 2010 VL 19 IS 2 BP 391 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0425-z PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 548PP UT WOS:000273979000016 PM 19809875 ER PT J AU Farris, G AF Farris, Gaye TI Delta research and global observation network (DRAGON) partnership SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Farris, Gaye] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Farris, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM farrisg@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 59 IS 8 BP 1829 EP 1831 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 551BZ UT WOS:000274182100020 ER PT J AU Aulenbach, BT AF Aulenbach, Brent T. TI Bacteria holding times for fecal coliform by mFC agar method and total coliform and Escherichia coli by Colilert(A (R))-18 Quanti-Tray(A (R)) method SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Coliform bacteria; Total coliform; Fecal coliform; Escherichia coli; Water quality; Holding times; Analytical precision; Surface water; Contamination ID WATER SAMPLES AB Bacteria holding-time experiments of up to 62 h were performed on five surface-water samples from four urban stream sites in the vicinity of Atlanta, GA, USA that had relatively high densities of coliform bacteria (Escherichia coli densities were all well above the US Environmental Protection Agency criterion of 126 colonies (100 ml) (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) for recreational waters). Holding-time experiments were done for fecal coliform using the membrane filtration modified fecal coliform (mFC) agar method and for total coliform and E. coli using the Colilert(A (R))-18 Quanti-Tray(A (R)) method. The precisions of these analytical methods were quantified. Precisions determined for fecal coliform indicated that the upper bound of the ideal range of counts could reasonably be extended upward and would improve precision. For the Colilert(A (R))-18 method, analytical precisions were similar to the theoretical precisions for this method. Fecal and total coliform densities did not change significantly with holding times up to about 27 h. Limited information indicated that fecal coliform densities might be stable for holding times of up to 62 h, whereas total coliform densities might not be stable for holding times greater than about 27 h. E. coli densities were stable for holding times of up to 18 h-a shorter period than indicated from a previous studies. These results should be applicable to non-regulatory monitoring sampling designs for similar urban surface-water sample types. C1 US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Aulenbach, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Peachtree Business Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM btaulenb@usgs.gov RI Aulenbach, Brent/A-5848-2008 OI Aulenbach, Brent/0000-0003-2863-1288 FU City of Atlanta; US Geological Survey FX The City of Atlanta and the US Geological Survey provided financial support for this study. Thanks go to the following US Geological Survey and Southeast Waters personnel for their efforts in conducting this holding-time study: Andy C. Hickey, Susan L. Hartley, W. Brian Hughes, Jacob H. LaFontaine, Kelly J. Prescott, Ryan M. Scott, Jennifer L. Steinmueller, and Chris B. Walls. Thanks also go to Donna S. Francy and Stephen J. Lawrence for their helpful technical reviews of this manuscript. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 161 IS 1-4 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0734-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 541FI UT WOS:000273399900012 PM 19165613 ER PT J AU Landers, DH Simonich, SM Jaffe, D Geiser, L Campbell, DH Schwindt, A Schreck, C Kent, M Hafner, W Taylor, HE Hageman, K Usenko, S Ackerman, L Schrlau, J Rose, N Blett, T Erway, MM AF Landers, Dixon H. Simonich, Staci Massey Jaffe, Daniel Geiser, Linda Campbell, Donald H. Schwindt, Adam Schreck, Carl Kent, Michael Hafner, Will Taylor, Howard E. Hageman, Kimberly Usenko, Sascha Ackerman, Luke Schrlau, Jill Rose, Neil Blett, Tamara Erway, Marilyn Morrison TI The Western Airborne Contaminant Assessment Project (WACAP): An Interdisciplinary Evaluation of the Impacts of Airborne Contaminants in Western US National Parks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDES; DEPOSITION; TROUT; PBDES; PAHS; PCBS; FISH C1 [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Freshwater Ecol Branch, Corvallis, OR USA. [Simonich, Staci Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Geiser, Linda] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg Air Program, Corvallis, OR USA. [Campbell, Donald H.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schwindt, Adam] Ecotox Grp, Denver, CO USA. [Kent, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Agr Sci & Biomed sci, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hafner, Will] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Seattle, WA USA. [Schreck, Carl] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Taylor, Howard E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO USA. [Hageman, Kimberly] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Usenko, Sascha] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Ackerman, Luke] US FDA, College Pk, MD USA. [Rose, Neil] UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, London, England. [Blett, Tamara] Natl Pk Serv, Denver, CO USA. [Erway, Marilyn Morrison] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Landers, DH (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Freshwater Ecol Branch, Corvallis, OR USA. EM Landers.Dixon@epamail.epa.gov RI Ackerman, Luke/E-4597-2011; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; OI Ackerman, Luke/0000-0001-6626-3039; Hageman, Kimberly/0000-0001-9187-5256; Usenko, Sascha/0000-0003-3303-2909 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The completion of WACAP represents a tremendous coordinated effort by many individuals to whom we are indebted. An expanded list of acknowledgements is in SI-H. The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the content reflects the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 855 EP 859 DI 10.1021/es901866e PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 548HD UT WOS:000273950100004 PM 20050680 ER PT J AU Mahler, BJ Van Metre, PC Wilson, JT Musgrove, M Burbank, TL Ennis, TE Bashara, TJ AF Mahler, Barbara J. Van Metre, Peter C. Wilson, Jennifer T. Musgrove, Marylynn Burbank, Teresa L. Ennis, Thomas E. Bashara, Thomas J. TI Coal-Tar-Based Parking Lot Sealcoat: An Unrecognized Source of PAH to Settled House Dust SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; DAY-CARE; SOIL; EXPOSURES; CHILDREN; HAZARDS; AREA AB Despite much speculation, the principal factors controlling concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in settled house dust (SHD) have not yet been identified. In response to recent reports that dust from pavement with coal-tar-based sealcoat contains extremely high concentrations of PAH, we measured PAH in SHD from 23 apartments and in dust from their associated parking lots, one-half of which had coal-tar-based sealcoat (CT). The median concentration of total PAH (T-PAH) in dust from CT parking lots (4760 mu g/g, n = 11) was 530 times higher than that from parking lots with other pavement surface types (asphalt-based sealcoat, unsealed asphalt, concrete [median 9.0 mu g/g, n = 12]). T-PAH in SHD from apartments with CT parking lots (median 129 mu g/g) was 25 times higher than that in SHD from apartments with parking lots with other pavement surface types (median 5.1 mu g/g). Presence or absence of CT on a parking lot explained 48% of the variance in log-transformed T-PAH in SHD. Urban land-use intensity near the residence also had a significant but weaker relation to T-PAH. No other variables tested, including carpeting, frequency of vacuuming, and indoor burning, were significant. C1 [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.; Wilson, Jennifer T.; Musgrove, Marylynn] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Burbank, Teresa L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ennis, Thomas E.] Designs4Earth Inc, Manchaca, TX 78652 USA. [Bashara, Thomas J.] Watershed Protect Dept, Austin, TX 78701 USA. RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. EM bjmahler@usgs.gov OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864; Wilson, Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 894 EP 900 DI 10.1021/es902533r PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 548HD UT WOS:000273950100010 PM 20063893 ER PT J AU Zhao, SQ Liu, SG Li, ZP Sohl, TL AF Zhao, Shuqing Liu, Shuguang Li, Zhengpeng Sohl, Terry L. TI Federal Land Management, Carbon Sequestration, and Climate Change in the Southeastern US: A Case Study with Fort Benning SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; STORAGE; EUROPE; FLUX AB Land use activities can have a major impact on the temporal trends and spatial patterns of regional land-atmosphere exchange of carbon. Federal lands generally have substantially different land management strategies from surrounding areas, and the carbon consequences have rarely been quantified and assessed. Using the Fort Benning Installation as a case study, we used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) to simulate and compare ecosystem carbon sequestration between the U.S. Army's Fort Benning and surrounding areas from 1992 to 2050. Our results indicate that the military installation sequestered more carbon than surrounding areas from 1992 to 2007 (76.7 vs 18.5 g C m(-2) yr(-1)), and is projected to continue sequestering more carbon from 2008 to 2050 (75.7 vs 25.6 g C m(-2) yr(-1)), mostly because of the proactive management approaches adopted on military training lands. Our results suggest that federal lands might play a positive and important role in sequestering and conserving atmospheric carbon because some anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., urbanization, forest harvesting, and agriculture) can be minimized or prevented on federal lands. C1 [Zhao, Shuqing] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Shuqing; Li, Zhengpeng] USGS, ASRC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, Shuguang; Sohl, Terry L.] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhao, SQ (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM sqzhao@urban.pku.edu.cn OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU Department of Defense [SI-1642]; U.S. Geological Survey [08HQCN0007]; Peking University FX This study is supported by the Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) (project SI-1642), and the U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) and the Earth Sur-face Dynamics (ESD) Programs. S.Q.Z. acknowledges the support of the Outstanding Young Fellow Program of Peking University, Arctic Slope Regional Corporation Solutions performed work under USGS contract 08HQCN0007. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 992 EP 997 DI 10.1021/es9009019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 548HD UT WOS:000273950100024 PM 20055486 ER PT J AU Thupaki, P Phanikumar, MS Beletsky, D Schwab, DJ Nevers, MB Whitman, RL AF Thupaki, Pramod Phanikumar, Mantha S. Beletsky, Dmitry Schwab, David J. Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. TI Budget Analysis of Escherichia coli at a Southern Lake Michigan Beach SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; SURF ZONE; INACTIVATION; TRANSPORT; WATERS; ENTEROCOCCI; COASTAL AB Escherichia coli(EC) concentrations at two beaches impacted by river plume dynamics in southern Lake Michigan were analyzed using three-dimensional hydrodynamic and transport models. The relative importance of various physical and biological processes influencing the fate and transport of EC were examined via budget analysis and a first-order sensitivity analysis of model parameters. The along-shore advective flux of EC(CFU/m(2).s) was found to be higher compared to its cross-shore counterpart; however, the sum of diffusive and advective components was of a comparable magnitude in both directions showing the importance of cross-shore exchange in EC transport. Examination of individual terms in the EC mass balance equation showed that vertical turbulent mixing in the water column dominated the overall EC transport for the summer conditions simulated. Dilution due to advection and diffusion accounted for a large portion of the total EC budget in the nearshore, and the net EC loss rate within the water column (CFU/m(3).s) was an order of magnitude smaller compared to the horizontal and vertical transport rates. This result has important implications for modeling EC at recreational beaches; however, the assessment of the magnitude of EC loss rate is complicated due to the strong coupling between vertical exchange and depth-dependent EC loss processes such as sunlight inactivation and settling. Sensitivity analysis indicated that solar inactivation has the greatest impact on EC loss rates. Although these results are site-specific, they clearly bring out the relative importance of various processes involved. C1 [Thupaki, Pramod; Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beletsky, Dmitry] Univ Michigan, CILER, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN USA. RP Phanikumar, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM phani@msu.edu RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; Thupaki, Pramod/C-6716-2013; OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 FU NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health FX This research was funded by the NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health. Computer time on the Cluster computer at the MSU High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) is gratefully acknowledged. This article is Contribution 1562 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1016 DI 10.1021/es902232a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 548HD UT WOS:000273950100027 PM 20043679 ER PT J AU Conn, KE Siegrist, RL Barber, LB Meyer, MT AF Conn, Kathleen E. Siegrist, Robert L. Barber, Larry B. Meyer, Michael T. TI FATE OF TRACE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS DURING VADOSE ZONE SOIL TREATMENT IN AN ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEM SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Septic system; Wastewater treatment; Soil; Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Pharmaceuticals ID DOMESTIC SEPTIC SYSTEM; RIVER WATER; AQUIFER TREATMENT; CHEMICAL FATE; CAPE-COD; NONYLPHENOL; EDTA; BIODEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; ETHOXYLATE AB During onsite wastewater treatment, trace organic compounds are often present in the effluents applied to subsurface soils for advanced treatment during vadose zone percolation and groundwater recharge. The fate of the endocrine-disrupting surfactant metabolites 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxylate (NP1EO), and 4-nonylphenolmonoethoxycarboxylate (NP1EC), metal-chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilotri acetic acid (NTA), antimicrobial agent triclosan, stimulant caffeine, and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole during transport through an unsaturated sandy loam soil was studied at a field-scale test site. To assess the effects of effluent quality and hydraulic loading rate (HLR) on compound fate in the soil profile, two effluents (septic tank or textile biofilter) were applied at two design HLRs (2 or 8 cm/d). Chemical concentrations were determined in the two effluents and soil pore water at 60, 120, and 240 cm below the soil infiltrative surface. Concentrations of trace organic compounds in septic tank effluent were reduced by more than 90% during transport through 240 cm (often within 60 cm) of soil, likely due to sorption and biotransformation. However, the concentration of NP increased with depth in the shallow soil profile. Additional treatment of anaerobic septic tank effluent with an aerobic textile biofilter reduced effluent concentrations of many compounds, but generally did not affect any changes in pore water concentrations. The soil profile receiving septic tank effluent (vs. textile biofilter effluent) generally had greater percent removal efficiencies. EDTA, NP, NP I EC, and sulfamethoxazole were measured in soil pore water, indicating the ability of some trace organic compounds to reach shallow groundwater. Risk is highly dependent on the degree of further treatment in the saturated zone and the types and proximity of uses for the receiving groundwater environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:285-293. (C) 2009 SETAC C1 [Conn, Kathleen E.; Siegrist, Robert L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Siegrist, RL (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, 206 Coolbaugh Hall, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM siegrist@mines.edu OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 FU Colorado Water Resources Research Institute; U.S. Geological Survey National Institutes for Water Resources; U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program FX We thank Kathryn Lowe, Jill Tomaras, Jim McKinley, and Bryce Tillotson for assistance with sampling, analysis, and maintenance of the Test Site. We thank Greg Brown, Julie Dietze, and Dean Heil for analytical support and Kathryn Lowe, Patricia McClellan-Green, and the anonymous reviewers for technical review. This work was supported by the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, the U.S. Geological Survey National Institutes for Water Resources, and the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 50 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1002/etc.40 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 552FB UT WOS:000274272500007 PM 20821446 ER PT J AU Lasier, PJ Hardin, IR AF Lasier, Peter J. Hardin, Ian R. TI OBSERVED AND PREDICTED REPRODUCTION OF CERIODAPHNIA DUBIA EXPOSED TO CHLORIDE, SULFATE, AND BICARBONATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ceriodaphnia dubia; Anions; Hardness; Acclimation; Effluents ID FRESH-WATER INVERTEBRATES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SODIUM-SULFATE; TOXICITY; HARDNESS; ACID; BIOAVAILABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; CRUSTACEAN; EFFLUENTS AB Chronic toxicities of Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3- to Ceriodaphnia dubia were evaluated in low- and moderate-hardness waters using a three-brood reproduction test method. Toxicity tests of anion mixtures were used to determine interaction effects and to produce models predicting C dubia reproduction. Effluents diluted with low- and moderate-hardness waters were tested with animals acclimated to low- and moderate-hardness conditions to evaluate the models and to assess the effects of hardness and acclimation. Sulfate was significantly less toxic than Cl- and HCO3- in both types of water. Chloride and HCO3- toxicities were similar in low-hardness water, but HCO3- was the most toxic in moderate-hardness water. Low acute-to-chronic ratios indicate that toxicities of these anions will decrease quickly with dilution. Hardness significantly reduced Cl- and SO42- toxicity but had little effect on HCO3-. Chloride toxicity decreased with an increase in Na+ concentration, and HCO3- toxicity may have been reduced by the dissolved organic carbon in effluent. Multivariate models using measured anion concentrations in effluents with low to moderate hardness levels provided fairly accurate predictions of reproduction. Determinations of toxicity for several effluents differed significantly depending on the hardness of the dilution water and the hardness of the water used to culture test animals. These results can be used to predict the contribution of elevated anion concentrations to the chronic toxicity of effluents; to identify effluents that are toxic due to contaminants other than Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3-; and to provide a basis for chemical substitutions in manufacturing processes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:347-358. Published 2009 SETAC C1 [Lasier, Peter J.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hardin, Ian R.] Univ Georgia, Coll Family & Consumer Sci, Text Sci Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lasier, PJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM plasier@usgs.gov FU Traditional Industries Program of the State of Georgia FX Funding was provided by the Traditional Industries Program of the State of Georgia, and research was conducted with personnel and in facilities provided by The University of Georgia. The invaluable insights and suggestions of Parley Winger, Mike Bell, Jeff Silliman, and Eddie Lanier are greatly appreciated. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1002/etc.29 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 552FB UT WOS:000274272500014 PM 20821453 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Klimstra, JD Stebbins, KR AF Heinz, Gary H. Hoffman, David J. Klimstra, Jon D. Stebbins, Katherine R. TI PREDICTING MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS IN MALLARD EGGS FROM MERCURY IN THE DIET OR BLOOD OF ADULT FEMALES AND FROM DUCKLING DOWN FEATHERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Eggs; Blood; Down feathers; Anas platyrhynchos ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; METHYL MERCURY; COMMON LOONS; BIRD EGGS; METHYLMERCURY; EXPOSURE; CONTAMINATION; SURVIVAL; TOXICITY; DUCKS AB Measurements of Hg concentrations in avian eggs can be used to predict possible harm to reproduction, but it is not always possible to sample eggs. When eggs cannot be sampled, some substitute tissue, such as female blood, the diet of the breeding female, or down feathers of hatchlings, must be used. When female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed diets containing methylmercury chloride, the concentration of Hg in a sample of their blood was closely correlated with the concentration of Hg in the egg they laid the day they were bled (r(2) = 0.88; p < 0.001). Even when the blood sample was taken more than two weeks after an egg was laid, there was a strong correlation between Hg concentrations in female blood and eggs (r(2) = 0.67; p < 0.0002). When we plotted the dietary concentrations of Hg we fed to the egg-laying females against the concentrations of Eg in their eggs, the r(2) value was 0.96 (p < 0.0001). When the concentrations of Hg in the down feathers of newly hatched ducklings were plotted against Hg in the whole ducklings, the r(2) value was 0.99 (p < 0.0003). Although measuring Hg in eggs may be the most direct way of predicting possible embryotoxicity, our findings demonstrate that measuring Hg in the diet of breeding birds, in the blood of egg-laying females, or in down feathers of hatchlings all can be used to estimate what concentration of Hg may have been in the egg. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20 10;29:389-392. Published 2009 SETAC C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gheinz@usgs.gov FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12] FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank Josh Ackerman for review of an early draft of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 29 IS 2 BP 389 EP 392 DI 10.1002/etc.50 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 552FB UT WOS:000274272500019 PM 20821458 ER PT J AU Kocovsky, PM Stapanian, MA Knight, CT AF Kocovsky, P. M. Stapanian, M. A. Knight, C. T. TI Night sampling improves indices used for management of yellow perch in Lake Erie SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dreissenids; harvest; models; Perca flavescens; quotas; trawl ID DIEL VARIATION; TRAWL SURVEYS; CATCHABILITY; FISH; COD AB P>Catch rate (catch per hour) was examined for age-0 and age-1 yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), captured in bottom trawls from 1991 to 2005 in western Lake Erie: (1) to examine variation of catch rate among years, seasons, diel periods and their interactions; and (2) to determine whether sampling during particular diel periods improved the management value of CPH data used in models to project abundance of age-2 yellow perch. Catch rate varied with year, season and the diel period during which sampling was conducted as well as by the interaction between year and season. Indices of abundance of age-0 and age-1 yellow perch estimated from night samples typically produced better fitting models and lower estimates of age-2 abundance than those using morning or afternoon samples, whereas indices using afternoon samples typically produced less precise and higher estimates of abundance. The diel period during which sampling is conducted will not affect observed population trends but may affect estimates of abundance of age-0 and age-1 yellow perch, which in turn affect recommended allowable harvest. A field experiment throughout western Lake Erie is recommended to examine potential benefits of night sampling to management of yellow perch. C1 [Kocovsky, P. M.; Stapanian, M. A.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44857 USA. [Knight, C. T.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Fairport Harbor, OH USA. RP Kocovsky, PM (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44857 USA. EM pkocovsky@usgs.gov OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00721.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 541XY UT WOS:000273456000002 ER PT J AU Schuchert, PC Arkhipkin, AI Koenig, AE AF Schuchert, Pia C. Arkhipkin, Alexander I. Koenig, Alan E. TI Traveling around Cape Horn: Otolith chemistry reveals a mixed stock of Patagonian hoki with separate Atlantic and Pacific spawning grounds SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Otolith microchemistry; Hoki; Macruronus magellanicus; Southwest Atlantic; Southeast Pacific ID LONG-TAILED HAKE; MACRURONUS-MAGELLANICUS; FISH; IDENTIFICATION; OCEAN AB Trace element fingerprints of edge and core regions in otoliths from 260 specimens of Patagonian hoki, Macruronus magellanicus Lonnberg, 1907, were analyzed by LA-ICPMS to reveal whether this species forms one or more population units (stocks) in the Southern Oceans. Fish were caught on their spawning grounds in Chile and feeding grounds in Chile and the Falkland Islands. Univariate and multivariate analyses of trace element concentrations in the otolith edges, which relate to the adult life of fish, could not distinguish between Atlantic (Falkland) and Pacific (Chile) hoki. Cluster analyses of element concentrations in the otolith edges produced three different clusters in all sample areas indicating high mixture of the stocks. Cluster analysis of trace element concentrations in the otolith cores, relating to juvenile and larval life stages, produced two separate clusters mainly distinguished by (137)Ba concentrations. The results suggest that Patagonian hoki is a highly mixed fish stock with at least two spawning grounds around South America. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Koenig, Alan E.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Team, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pschuchert@fisheries.gov.fk FU Director of Fisheries, John Barton FX We gratefully acknowledge the work of the scientific observers of the Falkland Islands Government Fisheries Department for collecting samples from the finfish fishery. We thank the Director of Fisheries, John Barton, for supporting this study. We also thank Mr. Stuart Wallace (Fortuna Ltd., Falkland Islands) for arranging the fish samples from Chile. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.10.012 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 552WA UT WOS:000274323200009 ER PT J AU Arkle, RS Pilliod, DS Strickler, K AF Arkle, Robert S. Pilliod, David S. Strickler, Katherine TI Fire, flow and dynamic equilibrium in stream macroinvertebrate communities SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burn severity; dynamic equilibrium; macroinvertebrate community; peak streamflow; wildfire disturbance ID IDAHO USA STREAMS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; RESPONSES; WILDFIRE; ECOLOGY; ORGANIZATION; ASSEMBLAGES; DIVERSITY AB 1. The complex effects of disturbances on ecological communities can be further complicated by subsequent perturbations within an ecosystem. We investigated how wildfire interacts with annual variations in peak streamflow to affect the stability of stream macroinvertebrate communities in a central Idaho wilderness, USA. We conducted a 4-year retrospective analysis of unburned (n = 7) and burned (n = 6) catchments, using changes in reflectance values (Delta NBR) from satellite imagery to quantify the percentage of each catchment's riparian and upland vegetation that burned at high and low severity. 2. For this wildland fire complex, increasing riparian burn severity and extent were associated with greater year-to-year variation, rather than a perennial increase, in sediment loads, organic debris, large woody debris (LWD) and undercut bank structure. Temporal changes in these variables were correlated with yearly peak flow in burned catchments but not in unburned reference catchments, indicating that an interaction between fire and flow can result in decreased habitat stability in burned catchments. 3. Streams in more severely burned catchments exhibited increasingly dynamic macroinvertebrate communities and did not show increased similarity to reference streams over time. Annual variability in macroinvertebrates was attributed, predominantly, to the changing influence of sediment, LWD, riparian cover and organic debris, as quantities of these habitat components fluctuated annually depending on burn severity and annual peak streamflows. 4. These analyses suggest that interactions among fire, flow and stream habitat may increase inter-annual habitat variability and macroinvertebrate community dynamics for a duration approaching the length of the historic fire return interval of the study area. C1 [Arkle, Robert S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Strickler, Katherine] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID USA. RP Arkle, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM rarkle@usgs.gov OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU The Joint Fire Science Program [01-1-3-12]; USDA Forest Service R1/4 National Fire Plan Adaptive Management and Monitoring Program; US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; Payette National Forest; University of Idaho's College of Natural Resources and Taylor Ranch Wilderness Field Station FX The Joint Fire Science Program (grant # 01-1-3-12), USDA Forest Service R1/4 National Fire Plan Adaptive Management and Monitoring Program, and US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative provided funding for this study. The authors thank K. Lohman and V. Saab for initiating research in the South Fork Salmon. J. Evans and T. Jain provided burn severity GIS support. Many hard-working field assistants helped collect the data. Field facilities and support were provided by the Payette National Forest; in particular M. Faurot, S. Hescock, and the Krassel Helirappelers were extremely helpful. Laboratory facilities and support were provided by University of Idaho's College of Natural Resources and Taylor Ranch Wilderness Field Station. The authors thank several anonymous reviewers for helping us improve the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. Research conducted under State of Idaho Department of Fish and Game wildlife collecting permit # 030716 and Payette National Forest research permit. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 299 EP 314 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02275.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 543TW UT WOS:000273602500003 ER PT J AU Schreck, CB AF Schreck, Carl B. TI Stress and fish reproduction: The roles of allostasis and hormesis SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stress; Fish; Reproduction; Allostasis; Hormesis; Cortisol; Hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis ID BIPHASIC DOSE RESPONSES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CORAL-REEF FISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEX-CHANGE; ATLANTIC COD; OVARIAN STEROIDOGENESIS; THALASSOMA-DUPERREY; CONFINEMENT STRESS; ENERGY RESERVES AB This paper is a review of the effects of stress on reproduction in fishes. I hope to further the development of the concepts of allostasis and hormesis as relevant to understanding reproduction in general and in fish in particular. The main contentions I derive in this review are the following: Stressors affect fish reproduction in a variety of ways depending on the nature and severity of the stressor. The effects are transduced through a hormonal cascade initiated by perception of the stressor and involving the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis, the catecholamines, and also cytokines. Mounting a stress response and resisting a stressor is an energetically costly process, including costs associated with allostasis, attempting to reset homeostatic norms. Responses in emergency situations (e.g., being chased by a predator or a net) can be different from those where fish can cope (e.g., being in a more crowded environment) with a stressor, but both situations involve energy re-budgeting. Emergency responses happen in concert with the onset of energy limitations (e.g., the fish may not eat), while coping with allostatic overload can happen in a more energy-rich environment (e.g., the fish can continue to eat). Low levels of stress may have a positive effect on reproductive processes while greater stress has negative effects on fish reproduction. The concept of hormesis is a useful way to think about the effect of stressors on fish reproduction since responses can be nonmonotonal, often biphasic. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schreck, CB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM carl.schreck@oregonstate.edu NR 94 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 6 U2 78 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 165 IS 3 SI SI BP 549 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.07.004 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 545VO UT WOS:000273765300012 PM 19596332 ER PT J AU Bern, CR Brzezinski, MA Beucher, C Ziegler, K Chadwick, OA AF Bern, Carleton R. Brzezinski, Mark A. Beucher, Charlotte Ziegler, Karen Chadwick, Oliver A. TI Weathering, dust, and biocycling effects on soil silicon isotope ratios SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; EARTHS SURFACE; VOLCANIC SOILS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-SI-30; HALLOYSITE; GERMANIUM AB Silicon isotope ratios (delta(30)Si) of bulk mineral materials in soil integrate effects from both silicon sources and processing. Here we report delta(30)Si values from a climate gradient of Hawaiian soils developed on 170 ka basalt and relate them to patterns of soil chemistry and mineralogy. The results demonstrate informative relationships between the mass fraction of soil Si depletion and delta(30)Si. In upper (<1 m deep) soil horizons along the climate gradient, Si depletion correlates with decreases of residual delta(30)Si values in low rainfall soils and increases in high rainfall soils. Strong positive correlation between Soil delta(30)Si and dust-derived quartz and mica content show that both trends are largely controlled by the abundance of these weathering-resistant minerals. The data also lend support to the idea that fractionation of Si isotopes in secondary phases is controlled by partitioning of silicon between dissolved and precipitated products during the initial weathering of primary basalt. Secondary mineral delta(30)Si values from lower (>1 m deep) soil horizons generally correlate with the isotope fractionation predicted by a study of dissolved Si in basalt-watershed rivers and driven by preferential (28)Si removal from the dissolved phase during precipitation. In contrast, after correcting for the influence of dust, secondary mineral Si depletion and delta(30)Si values in shallow (<1 m deep) soil horizons showed evidence of biocycling induced Si redistribution and substantially lower delta(30)Si values than predicted. Low delta(30)Si values in shallow soil horizons compared to predictions can be attributed to repeated fractionation as secondary minerals undergo additional cycles of dissolution and precipitation. Primary mineral weathering, secondary mineral weathering, dust accumulation, and biocycling are major processes in terrestrial Si cycling and these results demonstrate that each can be traced by delta(30)Si values interpreted in conjunction with mineralogy and measures of Si depletion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bern, Carleton R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bern, Carleton R.; Brzezinski, Mark A.; Beucher, Charlotte; Chadwick, Oliver A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ziegler, Karen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cbern@usgs.gov; brzezins@lifesci.ucsb.edu; beucher@lifesci.ucsb.edu; kziegler@ess.ucla.edu; oac@geog.ucsb.edu OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 FU NSF [EAR 0418730] FX This research was supported by NSF Grant EAR 0418730. We thank Frank Setaro and Janice Jones for dedicated laboratory support. Rich Wanty, Clark Johnson, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that substantially improved this paper. NR 57 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 876 EP 889 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.10.046 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 546BC UT WOS:000273781100006 ER PT J AU Desborough, GA Smith, KS Lowers, HA Swayze, GA Hammarstrom, JM Diehl, SF Leinz, RW Driscoll, RL AF Desborough, George A. Smith, Kathleen S. Lowers, Heather A. Swayze, Gregg A. Hammarstrom, Jane M. Diehl, Sharon F. Leinz, Reinhard W. Driscoll, Rhonda L. TI Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of some natural jarosites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION SERIES; ALUNITE-JAROSITE; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; SULFATE MINERALS; SITE OCCUPANCY; NATROJAROSITE; SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOLUTION; THERMODYNAMICS; EVOLUTION AB This paper presents a detailed Study of the mineralogical, microscopic, thermal, and spectral characteristics of jarosite and natrojarosite minerals. systematic mineralogic and chemical examination of a suite of 32 natural stoichiometric jarosite and natrojarosite samples from diverse supergene and hydrothermal environments indicates that there is only limited solid solution between Na and K at low temperatures, which Suggests the presence of a solvus in the jarosite-natrojarosite system at temperatures below about 140 degrees C. The samples examined in this study consist of either end members or coexisting end-member pairs of jarosite and natrojarosite. Quantitative electron-probe microanalysis data for several natural hydrothermal samples show only end-member compositions for individual grains or zones, and no detectable alkali-site deficiencies, which indicates that there is no hydronium Substitution within the analytical uncertainty of the method. In addition, there is no evidence of Fe deficiencies in the natural hydrothermal samples. Hydronium-bearing jarosite was detected in only one relatively Young supergene sample suggesting that terrestrial hydronium-bearing jarosites generally are unstable over geologic timescales. Unit-cell parameters of the 20 natural stoichiometric jarosites and 12 natural stoichiometric natrojarosites examined in this Study have distinct and narrow ranges in the a- and c-cell dimensions. There is no overlap of these parameters at the 1 sigma level for the two end-member compositions. Several hydrothermal samples consist of fine-scale (2-10 mu m) intimate intergrowths of jarosite and natrojarosite, which could have resulted from solid-state diffusion segregation or growth zoning due to variations in the Na/K activity ratio of hydrothermal solutions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Desborough, George A.; Smith, Kathleen S.; Lowers, Heather A.; Swayze, Gregg A.; Diehl, Sharon F.; Leinz, Reinhard W.; Driscoll, Rhonda L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hammarstrom, Jane M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Smith, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ksmith@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program FX Charles Alpers, John Jambor (deceased), and Roger Stoffregen kindly reviewed ail earlier version of this paper and we thank them for helpful critical comments and suggestions that we have incorporated. We also thank Jim Papike for his valuable suggestions. We are grateful to Roger Stoffregen for providing the synthetic high-temperature intermediate jarosite-natrojarosite used for the spectral illustration, and to Heather Jamieson for providing jarosite-bearing stalactites from the Richmond mine. Philip Goodell generously provided the high-purity natural Pena Blanca, Mexico sample. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program. NR 69 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 1041 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.11.006 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 546BC UT WOS:000273781100017 ER PT J AU Romano, SP Ickes, B AF Romano, Susan P. Ickes, Brian TI Upper Mississippi River Research Synthesis: Forty Years of Ecological Research - Preface SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Romano, Susan P.] Western Illinois Univ Quad Cities, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Studies, Moline, IL 61265 USA. [Romano, Susan P.] Western Illinois Univ Quad Cities, Dept Geog, Inst Environm Studies, Moline, IL 61265 USA. [Ickes, Brian] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Romano, SP (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ Quad Cities, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Studies, Moline, IL 61265 USA. EM S-Romano2@wiu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2010 VL 640 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-0068-3 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546KR UT WOS:000273810200001 ER PT J AU Houser, JN Richardson, WB AF Houser, Jeffrey N. Richardson, William B. TI Nitrogen and phosphorus in the Upper Mississippi River: transport, processing, and effects on the river ecosystem SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Mississippi-River-Research-Consortium CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Dubuque, IA SP Mississippi River Res Consortium DE Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Upper Mississippi River; Nutrient cycling; Eutrophication ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; WATER-QUALITY; LAKE PEPIN; ST-CROIX; HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; FLOODPLAIN SYSTEM; NITRATE-NITROGEN; UNIONID MUSSELS AB Existing research on nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) can be organized into the following categories: (1) Long-term changes in nutrient concentrations and export, and their causes; (2) Nutrient cycling within the river; (3) Spatial and temporal patterns of river nutrient concentrations; (4) Effects of elevated nutrient concentrations on the river; and (5) Actions to reduce river nutrient concentrations and flux. Nutrient concentration and flux in the Mississippi River have increased substantially over the last century because of changes in land use, climate, hydrology, and river management and engineering. As in other large floodplain rivers, rates of processes that cycle nitrogen and phosphorus in the UMR exhibit pronounced spatial and temporal heterogeneity because of the complex morphology of the river. This spatial variability in nutrient processing creates clear spatial patterns in nutrient concentrations. For example, nitrate concentrations generally are much lower in off-channel areas than in the main channel. The specifics of in-river nutrient cycling and the effects of high rates of nutrient input on UMR have been less studied than the factors affecting nutrient input to the river and transport to the Gulf of Mexico, and important questions concerning nutrient cycling in the UMR remain. Eutrophication and resulting changes in river productivity have only recently been investigated the UMR. These recent studies indicate that the high nutrient concentrations in the river may affect community composition of aquatic vegetation (e.g., the abundance of filamentous algae and duckweeds), dissolved oxygen concentrations in off-channel areas, and the abundance of cyanobacteria. Actions to reduce nutrient input to the river include changes in land-use practices, wetland restoration, and hydrological modifications to the river. Evidence suggests that most of the above methods can contribute to reducing nutrient concentration in, and transport by, the UMR, but the impacts of mitigation efforts will likely be only slowly realized. C1 [Houser, Jeffrey N.; Richardson, William B.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Houser, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jhouser@usgs.gov OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132 NR 102 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2010 VL 640 IS 1 BP 71 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-0067-4 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546KR UT WOS:000273810200005 ER PT J AU Garvey, J Ickes, B Zigler, S AF Garvey, James Ickes, Brian Zigler, Steve TI Challenges in merging fisheries research and management: the Upper Mississippi River experience SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Mississippi-River-Research-Consortium CY APR 24-25, 2008 CL Dubuque, IA SP Mississippi River Res Consortium DE River fisheries; Fish communities; Fisheries restoration; Spatial patterns; Temporal trends; Upper Mississippi River ID SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; PALLID STURGEON; MISSOURI RIVER; COMMERCIAL FISHERY; SMALLMOUTH BASS; INVASIVE CARP; COMMON CARP; ASIAN CARPS; ROUND GOBY; ILLINOIS AB The Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) is a geographically diverse basin extending 10A degrees north temperate latitude that has produced fishes for humans for millennia. During European colonization through the present, the UMRS has been modified to meet multiple demands such as navigation and flood control. Invasive species, notably the common carp, have dominated fisheries in both positive and negative ways. Through time, environmental decline plus reduced economic incentives have degraded opportunities for fishery production. A renewed focus on fisheries in the UMRS may be dawning. Commercial harvest and corresponding economic value of native and non-native species along the river corridor fluctuates but appears to be increasing. Recreational use will depend on access and societal perceptions of the river. Interactions (e.g., disease and invasive species transmission) among fish assemblages within the UMRS, the Great Lakes, and other lakes and rivers are rising. Data collection for fisheries has varied in intensity and contiguousness through time, although resources for research and management may be growing. As fisheries production likely relies on the interconnectivity of fish populations and associated ecosystem processes among river reaches (e.g., between the pooled and unpooled UMRS), species-level processes such as genetics, life-history interactions, and migratory behavior need to be placed in the context of broad ecosystem- and landscape-scale restoration. Formal communication among a diverse group of researchers, managers, and public stakeholders crossing geographic and disciplinary boundaries is necessary through peer-reviewed publications, moderated interactions, and the embrace of emerging information technologies. C1 [Garvey, James] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Ickes, Brian; Zigler, Steve] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Garvey, J (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM jgarvey@siu.edu; bickes@usgs.gov; szigler@usgs.gov RI Garvey, Jim/A-4919-2012; OI Garvey, Jim/0000-0001-5393-9351; Ickes, Brian/0000-0001-5622-3842; Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652 NR 113 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2010 VL 640 IS 1 BP 125 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s10750-009-0061-x PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546KR UT WOS:000273810200009 ER PT J AU Voss, CI Simmons, CT Robinson, NI AF Voss, Clifford I. Simmons, Craig T. Robinson, Neville I. TI Three-dimensional benchmark for variable-density flow and transport simulation: matching semi-analytic stability modes for steady unstable convection in an inclined porous box SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Analytical solutions; Groundwater density/viscosity; Numerical modeling; Benchmark; Variable-density groundwater ID EVAPORATING SALT LAKE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; MEDIA; LAYER AB This benchmark for three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulators of variable-density groundwater flow and solute or energy transport consists of matching simulation results with the semi-analytical solution for the transition from one steady-state convective mode to another in a porous box. Previous experimental and analytical studies of natural convective flow in an inclined porous layer have shown that there are a variety of convective modes possible depending on system parameters, geometry and inclination. In particular, there is a well-defined transition from the helicoidal mode consisting of downslope longitudinal rolls superimposed upon an upslope unicellular roll to a mode consisting of purely an upslope unicellular roll. Three-dimensional benchmarks for variable-density simulators are currently (2009) lacking and comparison of simulation results with this transition locus provides an unambiguous means to test the ability of such simulators to represent steady-state unstable 3D variable-density physics. C1 [Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Simmons, Craig T.; Robinson, Neville I.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Voss, CI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM cvoss@usgs.gov RI Simmons, Craig/H-7458-2015 OI Simmons, Craig/0000-0001-5399-6292 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 5 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0556-6 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 542FY UT WOS:000273479600002 ER PT J AU Hughes, JD Langevin, CD Brakefield-Goswami, L AF Hughes, Joseph D. Langevin, Christian D. Brakefield-Goswami, Linzy TI Effect of hypersaline cooling canals on aquifer salinization SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Coastal aquifers; Thermal conditions; Groundwater density/viscosity; Salt-water/fresh-water relations; USA ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; THERMOHALINE CONVECTION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SALT LAKE; SYSTEMS; SIMULATION; SABKHAS; FLORIDA; PLUMES AB The combined effect of salinity and temperature on density-driven convection was evaluated in this study for a large (28 km(2)) cooling canal system (CCS) at a thermoelectric power plant in south Florida, USA. A two-dimensional cross-section model was used to evaluate the effects of hydraulic heterogeneities, cooling canal salinity, heat transport, and cooling canal geometry on aquifer salinization and movement of the freshwater/saltwater interface. Four different hydraulic conductivity configurations, with values ranging over several orders of magnitude, were evaluated with the model. For all of the conditions evaluated, aquifer salinization was initiated by the formation of dense, hypersaline fingers that descended downward to the bottom of the 30-m thick aquifer. Saline fingers reached the aquifer bottom in times ranging from a few days to approximately 5 years for the lowest hydraulic conductivity case. Aquifer salinization continued after saline fingers reached the aquifer bottom and coalesced by lateral movement away from the site. Model results showed that aquifer salinization was most sensitive to aquifer heterogeneity, but was also sensitive to CCS salinity, temperature, and configuration. C1 [Hughes, Joseph D.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Langevin, Christian D.; Brakefield-Goswami, Linzy] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. RP Hughes, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 10500 Univ Ctr Dr,Suite 215, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM jdhughes@usgs.gov OI Foster, Linzy/0000-0002-7373-7017; Hughes, Joseph/0000-0003-1311-2354 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 25 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0502-7 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 542FY UT WOS:000273479600003 ER PT J AU Sanford, WE Pope, JP AF Sanford, Ward E. Pope, Jason P. TI Current challenges using models to forecast seawater intrusion: lessons from the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical modeling; Salt-water/fresh-water relations; USA ID VARIABLE-DENSITY FLOW; SALTWATER INTRUSION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; FRESH; SIMULATION; AQUIFERS AB A three-dimensional model of the aquifer system of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA was calibrated to reproduce historical water levels and forecast the potential for saltwater intrusion. Future scenarios were simulated with two pumping schemes to predict potential areas of saltwater intrusion. Simulations suggest that only a few wells would be threatened with detectable salinity increases before 2050. The objective was to examine whether salinity increases can be accurately forecast for individual wells with such a model, and to address what the challenges are in making such model forecasts given current (2009) simulation capabilities. The analysis suggests that even with current computer capabilities, accurate simulations of concentrations within a regional-scale (many km) transition zone are computationally prohibitive. The relative paucity of data that is typical for such regions relative to what is needed for accurate transport simulations suggests that even with an infinitely powerful computer, accurate forecasting for a single well would still be elusive. Useful approaches may include local-grid refinement near wells and geophysical surveys, but it is important to keep expectations for simulated forecasts at wells in line with chloride concentration and other data that can be obtained at that local scale. C1 [Sanford, Ward E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Pope, Jason P.] US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 431,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey Office of Groundwater; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality; Accomack-Northampton Planning District Commission FX This study was funded in part by the United States Geological Survey Office of Groundwater, the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, and the Accomack-Northampton Planning District Commission. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 73 EP 93 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0513-4 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 542FY UT WOS:000273479600006 ER PT J AU Dausman, AM Doherty, J Langevin, CD Dixon, J AF Dausman, Alyssa M. Doherty, John Langevin, Christian D. Dixon, Joann TI Hypothesis testing of buoyant plume migration using a highly parameterized variable-density groundwater model at a site in Florida, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Variable-density; Heterogeneity; Regularization; Parameterization; USA ID FLOW MODEL; WATER; HYDROGEOLOGY; CALIBRATION; SYSTEMS AB A highly parameterized variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport model was developed to test multiple hypotheses for upward movement of treated wastewater (effluent) injected into a saline coastal aquifer in southeastern Florida, USA. The model was designed to assess risk to a drinking-water aquifer above the zone of injection, where monitoring wells have detected effluent. The model-based analysis accommodated geological and data complexity, including the observed presence of effluent in upper monitoring wells, but not in lower monitoring wells, thereby giving the appearance of the effluent having bypassed geological layers. The modeling approach included the application of multiple methodologies to reduce model run times during parameter estimation while providing detailed calibrated model(s) that can be used to assess the potential capacity for different mechanisms of effluent migration. The methods included use of a semi-analytical equation to quickly calculate initial concentrations, parallelization of model runs over multiple processors when calibrating, and utilization of the concepts of singular value decomposition and Tikhonov regularization to accommodate a high level of parameterization complexity. The results reveal that vertical effluent migration could occur as diffuse flow through heterogeneous confining units; however, flow through a channelized pathway caused by well construction appears to be more likely. C1 [Dausman, Alyssa M.; Langevin, Christian D.; Dixon, Joann] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. [Doherty, John] Watermark Numer Comp Pty Ltd, Corinda 4075, Australia. RP Dausman, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM adausman@usgs.gov; johndoherty@ozemail.com.au; langevin@usgs.gov; jdixon@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey; Miami Dade Water and Sewer Department FX The authors are grateful for the reviews by L. Brakefield-Goswami, M. Tonkin, S. Hunter, S. Duncan, and the reviewers selected by Hydrogeology Journal. Gratitude is also extended to Guest Editors E. Abarca and V. Post for selecting this research to be a part of a special issue. This work was partially funded by the United States Geological Survey and Miami Dade Water and Sewer Department. Virginia Walsh at Miami Dade County was integral in the completion of this work. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0511-6 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 542FY UT WOS:000273479600011 ER PT J AU Henderson, RD Day-Lewis, FD Abarca, E Harvey, CF Karam, HN Liu, LB Lane, JW AF Henderson, Rory D. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Abarca, Elena Harvey, Charles F. Karam, Hanan N. Liu, Lanbo Lane, John W., Jr. TI Marine electrical resistivity imaging of submarine groundwater discharge: sensitivity analysis and application in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Electrical resistivity imaging; Coastal aquifers; Groundwater/surface-water relations; Submarine groundwater discharge; Equipment/field techniques; USA ID WATER DISCHARGE; SEA-WATER; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; COASTAL EMBAYMENT; FRESH-WATER; SALT WATER; TRANSPORT; INVERSION; AQUIFER; OCEAN AB Electrical resistivity imaging has been used in coastal settings to characterize fresh submarine groundwater discharge and the position of the freshwater/salt-water interface because of the relation of bulk electrical conductivity to pore-fluid conductivity, which in turn is a function of salinity. Interpretation of tomograms for hydrologic processes is complicated by inversion artifacts, uncertainty associated with survey geometry limitations, measurement errors, and choice of regularization method. Variation of seawater over tidal cycles poses unique challenges for inversion. The capabilities and limitations of resistivity imaging are presented for characterizing the distribution of freshwater and saltwater beneath a beach. The experimental results provide new insight into fresh submarine groundwater discharge at Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, East Falmouth, Massachusetts (USA). Tomograms from the experimental data indicate that fresh submarine groundwater discharge may shut down at high tide, whereas temperature data indicate that the discharge continues throughout the tidal cycle. Sensitivity analysis and synthetic modeling provide insight into resolving power in the presence of a time-varying saline water layer. In general, vertical electrodes and cross-hole measurements improve the inversion results regardless of the tidal level, whereas the resolution of surface arrays is more sensitive to time-varying saline water layer. C1 [Henderson, Rory D.; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lane, John W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Henderson, Rory D.; Liu, Lanbo] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Integrat Geosci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Abarca, Elena; Harvey, Charles F.; Karam, Hanan N.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Henderson, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Unit 5015, 11 Sherman Pl, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM rhenders@usgs.gov RI harvey, charles/A-8601-2012 OI harvey, charles/0000-0002-7759-4447 FU US Geological Survey Groundwater Resources; Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs; NSF [0548706]; Singapore MIT Alliance; Kuwait-MIT Alliance (; University of Connecticut Civil and Environmental Engineering Department FX This work was funded by the US Geological Survey Groundwater Resources and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs, and by NSF grant EAR 0548706, the Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, and the Kuwait-MIT Alliance (to CFH). The authors are grateful to M. Charette and A. Mulligan (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) for transducer data; A. Binley (Lancaster University) for access to the R2 inversion code executable; C. Weidman and the WBNERR staff for field support and site access; and Hydrogeology Journal's Associate Editor V. Post and reviewers S. Kruse and E. Gasperikova for useful comments on the draft manuscript. The first author is also grateful to the University of Connecticut Civil and Environmental Engineering Department for a graduate fellowship to support his MSci research. NR 62 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0498-z PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 542FY UT WOS:000273479600013 ER PT J AU King, JN Mehta, AJ Dean, RG AF King, Jeffrey N. Mehta, Ashish J. Dean, Robert G. TI Analytical models for the groundwater tidal prism and associated benthic water flux SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Benthic flux; Coastal aquifers; Groundwater/surface-water relations; Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD); Subterranean estuary ID SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; TABLE FLUCTUATIONS; COASTAL AQUIFER; NEAP TIDES; DISCHARGE; BEACH; CIRCULATION; CALIFORNIA; BOUNDARY; DYNAMICS AB The groundwater tidal prism is defined as the volume of water that inundates a porous medium, forced by one tidal oscillation in surface water. The pressure gradient that generates the prism acts on the subterranean estuary. Analytical models for the groundwater tidal prism and associated benthic flux are presented. The prism and flux are shown to be directly proportional to porosity, tidal amplitude, and the length of the groundwater wave; flux is inversely proportional to tidal period. The duration of discharge flux exceeds the duration of recharge flux over one tidal period; and discharge flux continues for some time following low tide. Models compare favorably with laboratory observations and are applied to a South Atlantic Bight study area, where tide generates an 11-m(3) groundwater tidal prism per m of shoreline, and drives 81 m(3) s (-1) to the study area, which describes 23% of an observational estimate. In a marine water body, the discharge component of any oscillatory benthic water flux is submarine groundwater discharge. Benthic flux transports constituents between groundwater and surface water, and is a process by which pollutant loading and saltwater intrusion may occur in coastal areas. C1 [King, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. [Mehta, Ashish J.; Dean, Robert G.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP King, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. EM jking@usgs.gov RI King, Jeffrey/B-2627-2009 OI King, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1911-2654 FU US Geological Survey; Water Resources Discipline FX Comments from L. K. Brakefield-Goswami, P.A. Howd, D.F. Payne, C.G. Smith, and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. C.I. Voss, E. Abarca Cameo, M.G. Deacon, S.C. Cooper, S. Duncan, and S. Schemann edited the manuscript. This work was partially funded by the US Geological Survey, Water Resources Discipline. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0519-y PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 542FY UT WOS:000273479600015 ER PT J AU Barlow, PM Reichard, EG AF Barlow, Paul M. Reichard, Eric G. TI Saltwater intrusion in coastal regions of North America SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Saltwater intrusion; Coastal aquifers; Groundwater management; Groundwater monitoring; North America ID SALT-WATER-INTRUSION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MEXICO; HERMOSILLO; YUCATAN; ISLAND AB Saltwater has intruded into many of the coastal aquifers of the United States, Mexico, and Canada, but the extent of saltwater intrusion varies widely among localities and hydrogeologic settings. In many instances, the area contaminated by saltwater is limited to small parts of an aquifer and to specific wells and has had little or no effect on overall groundwater supplies; in other instances, saltwater contamination is of regional extent and has resulted in the closure of many groundwater supply wells. The variability of hydrogeologic settings, three-dimensional distribution of saline water, and history of groundwater withdrawals and freshwater drainage has resulted in a variety of modes of saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers. These include lateral intrusion from the ocean; upward intrusion from deeper, more saline zones of a groundwater system; and downward intrusion from coastal waters. Saltwater contamination also has occurred along open boreholes and within abandoned, improperly constructed, or corroded wells that provide pathways for vertical migration across interconnected aquifers. Communities within the coastal regions of North America are taking actions to manage and prevent saltwater intrusion to ensure a sustainable source of groundwater for the future. These actions can be grouped broadly into scientific monitoring and assessment, engineering techniques, and regulatory approaches. C1 [Barlow, Paul M.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Reichard, Eric G.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Barlow, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. EM pbarlow@usgs.gov; egreich@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program; US Geological Survey California Water Science Center FX We thank Dr. L. E. Marin of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, and Dr. K. T. B. MacQuarrie of the University of New Brunswick, Canada, for their helpful comments on the status of saltwater-intrusion issues in Mexico and along the Atlantic Coast of Canada, respectively. We also appreciate the helpful review comments by our US Geological Survey colleagues L. Konikow, T. Nishikawa, R. Dinicola, J. Clarke, D. Morgan, and R. Hanson. This work was supported by the US Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program and the US Geological Survey California Water Science Center. NR 58 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 10 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 247 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0514-3 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 542FY UT WOS:000273479600018 ER PT J AU Rice, MS Bell, JF Cloutis, EA Wang, A Ruff, SW Craig, MA Bailey, DT Johnson, JR de Souza, PA Farrand, WH AF Rice, M. S. Bell, J. F., III Cloutis, E. A. Wang, A. Ruff, S. W. Craig, M. A. Bailey, D. T. Johnson, J. R. de Souza, P. A., Jr. Farrand, W. H. TI Silica-rich deposits and hydrated minerals at Gusev Crater, Mars: Vis-NIR spectral characterization and regional mapping SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Surface; Mineralogy; Spectroscopy ID MARTIAN SURFACE; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; LAKE-MAGADI; NEW-ZEALAND; GROUND ICE; MU-M; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; TES AB The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Spirit has discovered surprisingly high concentrations of amorphous silica in soil and nodular outcrops in the Inner Basin of the Columbia Hills. In Pancam multispectral observations, we find that an absorption feature at the longest Pancam wavelength (1009 nm) appears to be characteristic of these silica-rich materials; however, spectral analyses of amorphous silica suggest that the similar to 1009 nm spectral feature is not a direct reflection of their silica-rich nature. Based on comparisons with spectral databases, we hypothesize that the presence of H2O or OH, either free (as water ice), adsorbed or bound in a mineral structure, is responsible for the spectral feature observed by Pancam. The Gertrude Weise soil, which is nearly pure opaline silica, may have adsorbed water cold-trapped on mineral grains. The origin of the similar to 1009 nm Pancam feature observed in the silica-rich nodular outcrops may result from the presence of additional hydrated minerals (specific sulfates, halides, chlorides, sodium silicates, carbonates or borates). Using the similar to 1009 nm feature with other spectral parameters as a "hydration signature" we have mapped the occurrence of hydrated materials along the extent of Spirit's traverse across the Columbia Hills from West Spur to Home Plate (sols 155-1696). We have also mapped this hydration signature across large panoramic images to understand the regional distribution of materials that are spectrally similar to the silica-rich soil and nodular outcrops. Our results Suggest that hydrated materials are common in the Columbia Hills. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rice, M. S.; Bell, J. F., III] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cloutis, E. A.; Bailey, D. T.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Wang, A.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Wang, A.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Ruff, S. W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Craig, M. A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Johnson, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] CSIRO, Tasmanian ICT Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Rice, MS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mrice@astro.cornell.edu RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; FU NASA; Mars Data Analysis Program (Cornell); Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); University of Winnipeg, Canada; National Science Foundation; Zonta International Amelia Earhart Fellowship FX We are extremely grateful to our scientific, operational, engineering, and administrative colleagues on the Mars Exploration Rover team at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cornell University, and other partner institutions for enabling us to explore Mars virtually through the eyes (and other instruments) of the Spirit rover. We thank Bruce Mountain for providing the silica sinter samples from Wairakei, New Zealand, Robin Renaut for providing samples of natural Na-silicates (magadiite) and Stephen Grasby for providing silica-rich samples from the Mafking Quarry cold springs. Detailed reviews were provided by Tim Glotch and an anonymous reviewer, both of which have greatly improved this paper. We also thank Ray Arvidson, Larry Crumpler, and Suniti Karunatillake for insightful comments. This work is supported by grants and contracts from the NASA Mars Exploration Program (JPL), the Mars Data Analysis Program (Cornell), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and the University of Winnipeg, Canada. M.S.R. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and a Zonta International Amelia Earhart Fellowship. NR 86 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 375 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.035 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400005 ER PT J AU Lopes, RMC Stofan, ER Peckyno, R Radebaugh, J Mitchell, KL Mitri, G Wood, CA Kirk, RL Wall, SD Lunine, JI Hayes, A Lorenz, R Farr, T Wye, L Craig, J Ollerenshaw, RJ Janssen, M LeGall, A Paganelli, F West, R Stiles, B Callahan, P Anderson, Y Valora, P Soderblom, L AF Lopes, R. M. C. Stofan, E. R. Peckyno, R. Radebaugh, J. Mitchell, K. L. Mitri, G. Wood, C. A. Kirk, R. L. Wall, S. D. Lunine, J. I. Hayes, A. Lorenz, R. Farr, T. Wye, L. Craig, J. Ollerenshaw, R. J. Janssen, M. LeGall, A. Paganelli, F. West, R. Stiles, B. Callahan, P. Anderson, Y. Valora, P. Soderblom, L. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI Distribution and interplay of geologic processes on Titan from Cassini radar data SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; Geological processes; Radar observations ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE; SURFACE; METHANE; ORIGIN; SAR; STABILITY; ROTATION; IMAGES; MAPPER; DUNES AB The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper is providing an unprecedented view of Titan's surface geology. Here we use Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image swaths (Ta-T30) obtained from October 2004 to December 2007 to infer the geologic processes that have shaped Titan's surface. These SAR swaths cover about 20% of the surface, at a spatial resolution ranging from similar to 350 m to similar to 2 km. The SAR data are distributed over a wide latitudinal and longitudinal range, enabling some conclusions to be drawn about the global distribution of processes. They reveal a geologically complex surface that has been modified by all the major geologic processes seen on Earth - volcanism, tectonism, impact cratering, and erosion and deposition by fluvial and aeolian activity. In this paper, we map geomorphological units from SAR data and analyze their areal distribution and relative ages of modification in order to infer the geologic evolution of Titan's surface. We find that dunes and hummocky and mountainous terrains are more widespread than lakes, putative cryovolcanic features, mottled plains, and craters and crateriform structures that may be due to impact. Undifferentiated plains are the largest areal unit; their origin is uncertain. In terms of latitudinal distribution, dunes and hummocky and mountainous terrains are located mostly at low latitudes (less than 301), with no dunes being present above 60 degrees. Channels formed by fluvial activity are present at all latitudes, but lakes are at high latitudes only. Crateriform structures that may have been formed by impact appear to be uniformly distributed with latitude, but the well-preserved impact craters are all located at low latitudes, possibly indicating that more resurfacing has occurred at higher latitudes. Cryovolcanic features are not ubiquitous, and are mostly located between 300 and 600 north. We examine temporal relationships between units wherever possible, and conclude that aeolian and fluvial/pluvial/lacustrine processes are the most recent, while tectonic processes that led to the formation of mountains and Xanadu are likely the most ancient. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopes, R. M. C.; Mitchell, K. L.; Mitri, G.; Wall, S. D.; Farr, T.; Craig, J.; Ollerenshaw, R. J.; Janssen, M.; LeGall, A.; West, R.; Stiles, B.; Callahan, P.; Anderson, Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stofan, E. R.; Paganelli, F.] Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Peckyno, R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Radebaugh, J.; Valora, P.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wood, C. A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. [Kirk, R. L.; Soderblom, L.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lorenz, R.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wye, L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys & Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lopes, RMC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rosaly.M.Lopes@jpl.nasa.gov RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096 FU National Aerospace and Space Administration (NASA) FX We are grateful for helpful reviews from Jason Barnes and Lynn Carter. This work was conducted at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aerospace and Space Administration (NASA). This research was carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 70 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 540 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.010 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556OB UT WOS:000274599400017 ER PT J AU Droege, S Tepedino, VJ Lebuhn, G Link, W Minckley, RL Chen, Q Conrad, C AF Droege, Sam Tepedino, Vincent J. Lebuhn, Gretchen Link, William Minckley, Robert L. Chen, Qian Conrad, Casey TI Spatial patterns of bee captures in North American bowl trapping surveys SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; Apoidea; bee bowl; bees; inter-trap distance; North America; pan trap; spatial distribution; trap spacing; trapping web ID SPECIES RICHNESS; PAN TRAPS; HYMENOPTERA; APIFORMES; APOIDEA; DIVERSITY; DESERT; FOREST; COMMUNITIES; FAUNA AB Bowl and pan traps are now commonly used to capture bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) for research and surveys. Studies of how arrangement and spacing of bowl traps affect captures of bees are needed to increase the efficiency of this capture technique. We present results from seven studies of bowl traps placed in trapping webs, grids, and transects in four North American ecoregions (Mid-Atlantic, Coastal California, Chihuahuan Desert, and Columbia Plateau). Over 6000 specimens from 31 bee genera were captured and analysed across the studies. Based on the results from trapping webs and distance tests, the per bowl capture rate of bees does not plateau until bowls are spaced 3-5 m apart. Minor clumping of bee captures within transects was detected, with 26 of 56 transects having index of dispersion values that conform to a clumped distribution and 39 transects having positive Green's index values, 13 with zero, and only four negative. However, degree of clumping was slight with an average value of only 0.06 (the index ranges from -1 to 1) with only five values > 0.15. Similarly, runs tests were significant for only 5.9% of the transects. Results indicate that (i) capture rates are unaffected by short distances between bowls within transects and (ii) that bowls and transects should be dispersed throughout a study site. C1 [Droege, Sam; Link, William; Chen, Qian; Conrad, Casey] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD USA. [Tepedino, Vincent J.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Tepedino, Vincent J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lebuhn, Gretchen] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Minckley, Robert L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Droege, S (reprint author), BARC EAST, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Bldg 308,Rm 124,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sdroege@usgs.gov FU US Golf Association FX SD would like to thank Harold Ikerd for help with identification of specimens, Amy Lohr for running the Soybean Field study and the interns of the Droege lab for their help with specimen preparation and data entry. Leo Shapiro provided a number of insightful comments on early drafts. VJT would like to thank: Melody Mackie Allen, formerly of the Xerces Society, for helping to plan and administer the golf course study; Kimberly Erusha and the US Golf Association for funding it; golf course superintendents Sean Hoolahan (WH), Nick Rodrigues (HR) and Joe Towner (WW) for not only putting up with us, but encouraging us; Gretchen Fortner for doing the field and some of the lab work; and Frank Parker and Terry Griswold for identifying the bees. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-458X EI 1752-4598 J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2009.00074.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 540CW UT WOS:000273309400003 ER PT J AU Christy, MT Adams, AAY Rodda, GH Savidge, JA Tyrrell, CL AF Christy, Michelle T. Adams, Amy A. Yackel Rodda, Gordon H. Savidge, Julie A. Tyrrell, Claudine L. TI Modelling detection probabilities to evaluate management and control tools for an invasive species SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; detection probability; eradication; heterogeneity; invasive species management; mark-recapture; visual searching ID BROWN TREESNAKES; BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; GUAM; POPULATION; SNAKE; RECAPTURE; PATTERNS; PREY; MARK AB 1. For most ecologists, detection probability (p) is a nuisance variable that must be modelled to estimate the state variable of interest (i.e. survival, abundance, or occupancy). However, in the realm of invasive species control, the rate of detection and removal is the rate-limiting step for management of this pervasive environmental problem. 2. For strategic planning of an eradication (removal of every individual), one must identify the least likely individual to be removed, and determine the probability of removing it. 3. To evaluate visual searching as a control tool for populations of the invasive brown treesnake Boiga irregularis, we designed a mark-recapture study to evaluate detection probability as a function of time, gender, size, body condition, recent detection history, residency status, searcher team and environmental covariates. 4. We evaluated these factors using 654 captures resulting from visual detections of 117 snakes residing in a 5-ha semi-forested enclosure on Guam, fenced to prevent immigration and emigration of snakes but not their prey. Visual detection probability was low overall ((p) over cap = 0 07 per occasion) but reached 0.18 under optimal circumstances. 5. Our results supported sex-specific differences in detectability that were a quadratic function of size, with both small and large females having lower detection probabilities than males of those sizes. There was strong evidence for individual periodic changes in detectability of a few days duration, roughly doubling detection probability (comparing peak to non-elevated detections). Snakes in poor body condition had estimated mean detection probabilities greater than snakes with high body condition. Search teams with high average detection rates exhibited detection probabilities about twice that of search teams with low average detection rates. Surveys conducted with bright moonlight and strong wind gusts exhibited moderately decreased probabilities of detecting snakes. 6.Synthesis and applications. By emphasizing and modelling detection probabilities, we now know: (i) that eradication of this species by searching is possible, (ii) how much searching effort would be required, (iii) under what environmental conditions searching would be most efficient, and (iv) several factors that are likely to modulate this quantification when searching is applied to new areas. The same approach can be use for evaluation of any control technology or population monitoring programme. C1 [Adams, Amy A. Yackel] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, ASRC Management Serv Contract USGS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Christy, Michelle T.; Savidge, Julie A.; Tyrrell, Claudine L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rodda, Gordon H.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Adams, AAY (reprint author), Ft Collins Sci Ctr, ASRC Management Serv Contract USGS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM yackela@usgs.gov FU Office of Insular Affairs FX Colorado State University ACUC provided approval (03-249A-01). The Office of Insular Affairs provided support. AAFB (M. McElligott and D. T. Lujan) provided the site. G. White provided modelling assistance. R. Reed, B. Lardner and J. Stanford suggested improvements to the manuscript. We appreciate assistance from R. Bischof, I. Chellman, J. Farley, K. Garrod, G. George, T. Kman, P. Reynolds, J. Vickers, E. VanGelder, A. Wiewel and J. Wiley. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01753.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551FD UT WOS:000274191300012 ER PT J AU French, WE Graeb, BDS Chipps, SR Bertrand, KN Selch, TM Klumb, RA AF French, W. E. Graeb, B. D. S. Chipps, S. R. Bertrand, K. N. Selch, T. M. Klumb, R. A. TI Vulnerability of age-0 pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus to fish predation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YOUNG WHITE STURGEON; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; SMALLMOUTH BASS; CONSERVATION; PREFERENCE; BEHAVIOR; WALLEYES; LARVAE; RIVER; PREY AB Stocking is a commonly employed conservation strategy for endangered species such as the pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus. However, decisions about when, where and at what size pallid sturgeon should be stocked are hindered because vulnerability of pallid sturgeon to fish predation is not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vulnerability of age-0 pallid sturgeon to predation by two Missouri River predators under different flow regimes, and in combination with alternative prey. To document vulnerability, age-0 pallid sturgeon (<100 mm) were offered to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in laboratory experiments. Selection of pallid sturgeon by both predators was measured by offering pallid sturgeon and an alternative prey, fathead minnows Pimephales promelas, in varying prey densities. Smallmouth bass consumed more age-0 pallid sturgeon (0.95 h(-1)) than did channel catfish (0.13 h(-1)), and predation rates did not differ between water velocities supporting sustained (0 m s(-1)) or prolonged swimming speeds (0.15 m s(-1)). Neither predator positively selected pallid sturgeon when alternative prey was available. Both predator species consumed more fathead minnows than pallid sturgeon across all prey density combinations. Results indicate that the vulnerability of age-0 pallid sturgeon to predation by channel catfish and smallmouth bass is low, especially in the presence of an alternative fish prey. C1 [French, W. E.; Graeb, B. D. S.; Bertrand, K. N.; Selch, T. M.] S Dakota State Univ, No Plains Biostress Lab, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, S. R.] S Dakota State Univ, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klumb, R. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Management Assistanc, Pierre, SD USA. RP French, WE (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, No Plains Biostress Lab, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM william.french@sdstate.edu RI Bertrand, Katie/A-5902-2012 OI Bertrand, Katie/0000-0001-8453-6758 FU Western Area Power Administration, Billings, Montana; South Dakota State University [A3958-01]; U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service FX We thank B. Spindler, N. Pool and C. Warner for assistance in the laboratory. H. Bollig, K. McGilvray, C. Bockholt and M. Ehlers (USFWS Gavin's Point Dam National Fish Hatchery, Yankton, SD) provided both logistical support and the fish used in our experiments. Funding for this project was provided by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Additional funding was provided by the Western Area Power Administration, Billings, Montana. All animals used in this study were reared according to animal use and care guidelines established by South Dakota State University (Animal Welfare Assurance no. A3958-01). The South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, South Dakota State University, the Wildlife Management Institute, and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01356.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546PE UT WOS:000273821900002 ER PT J AU Chizinski, CJ Pope, KL Wilde, GR Strauss, RE AF Chizinski, C. J. Pope, K. L. Wilde, G. R. Strauss, R. E. TI Implications of stunting on morphology of freshwater fishes SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body shape; Lepomis cyanellus; Morone americana; morphometry; stunted fishes ID BLUEGILL LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; SIZE-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PARENTAL CARE; CRUCIAN CARP; WHITE PERCH; BODY-SIZE; PREDATION; NEBRASKA AB The purpose of this study was to assess morphological differences between stunted and non-stunted white perch Morone americana and green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus. Few female M. americana were captured; thus, morphological differences between adult males and juveniles were assessed for M. americana. Similarly, few immature (juvenile) L. cyanellus were captured for the stunted morphotype; thus, male and female morphological differences were assessed for L. cyanellus. Features of the head tended to be relatively larger in stunted fish of both species, whereas the mid-body tended to be relatively larger in non-stunted M. americana, but not in non-stunted L. cyanellus. Adult and juvenile morphology overlapped considerably in non-stunted M. americana, but there was a clear distinction between adult and juvenile morphology of stunted M. americana. There was little sexual dimorphism in shape in stunted L. cyanellus, whereas sexual dimorphism was evident in non-stunted L. cyanellus. It appears that selective forces imposed by predation and food limitation may contribute to morphological diversification between stunted and non-stunted fishes. C1 [Pope, K. L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, USGS Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Wilde, G. R.; Strauss, R. E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Chizinski, C. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Chizinski, CJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM chrischizinski@umn.edu RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011; Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011; OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687; Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration [F-172-R]; U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank F. C. Sanchez and J. R. Stittle for assistance in the field and laboratory. B. Durham, K. Ostrand and B. Young provided comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was partially supported by funds from Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, project F-172-R, administered by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement among the U.S. Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. All animal-use protocols described here meet the guidelines for animal care required of research in the U. S. A., and were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Texas Tech University and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by authors or the U. S. Government. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 76 IS 3 BP 564 EP 579 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02498.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 555XV UT WOS:000274551100009 PM 20666897 ER PT J AU Lemons, PR Sedinger, JS Herzog, MP Gipson, PS Gilliland, RL AF Lemons, Patrick R. Sedinger, James S. Herzog, Mark P. Gipson, Phillip S. Gilliland, Rick L. TI Landscape effects on diets of two canids in northwestern Texas: a multinomial modeling approach SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Cants latrans; capture-mark-recapture; coyotes; diets; multinomial data; multiple responses; pellet analysis; scat analysis; stomach analysis; vulpes velox ID MULTIPLE COLUMN RESPONSES; FOXES VULPES-VELOX; SWIFT FOXES; WESTERN KANSAS; CONTINGENCY-TABLES; CATEGORY CHOICES; KIT FOXES; CARNIVORE; OVERLAP; COYOTES AB Analyses of feces. stomach contents, and regurgitated pellets are common techniques lor assessing diets of vertebrates and typically contain more than I Food item per sampling unit. When analyzed, these individual food items have traditionally been treated its independent, which represents pseudoreplication. When food types are recorded as present or absent, these samples can be treated as multinomial vectors of food items, with each vector representing I realization of a possible diet We Suggest Such data have it similar structure to capture histories For closed-capture, capture-mark-recapture data To assess the effects of landscapes and presence of it potential competitor. we used closed-capture Models implemented in program MARK into analyze diet data generated from feces of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and coyotes (Cams latrans) in northwestern Texas. The best models of diet contained season and location for both swill foxes and coyotes, but year accounted for less variation, suggesting that landscape type is an Important predictor of diets of both species Models containing the effect of coyote reduction were not competitive (Delta QAIC(c)= 53.6685), consistent with the hypothesis that presence of'coyotes did not influence diet of swift Foxes Our findings suggest that landscape type may have important influences oil diets of both species We believe that multinomial models represent in effective approach to assess hypotheses when diet Studies have adata Structure similar 10 Ours. DOI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-291R1.1 C1 [Gipson, Phillip S.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gilliland, Rick L.] W Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Lemons, Patrick R.; Sedinger, James S.; Herzog, Mark P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Lemons, PR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 66 EP 78 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-291R1.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 560UR UT WOS:000274929300008 ER PT J AU Bartsch, MR Zigler, SJ Newton, TJ Sauer, JS AF Bartsch, Michelle R. Zigler, Steve J. Newton, Teresa J. Sauer, Jennifer S. TI Influence of shell morphology on distributions of unionids in the upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; MICROHABITAT USE; BIVALVIA; MACROINVERTEBRATE; CLASSIFICATION; UNIONOIDA; SCULPTURE; PREDATION; CHANNEL; FISHES AB Attempts to predict the distribution of unionids from readily measurable microhabitat descriptors (i.e. water depth, current velocity, stream size, sediment type) have been largely unsuccessful, but certain biological and calculated hydraulic variables have recently shown some predictive power. We used historic and recent data on unionids (from 1987 to 2003) and hydraulic conditions at 438 sample locations over a 38-km reach of the Upper Mississippi River (Navigation Pool 8) to compare the distribution of unionids with different shell morphologies. We evaluated whether sculptured, thick-shelled (STK) species would be found in areas with higher velocity and shear stress, compared to nonsculptured, thin-shelled (NSTN) species. We used classification trees to model the presence and absence of STK and NSTN species to determine which variables were most likely to predict their distribution. Candidate predictor variables included sampling gear, field substrate, water depth (bathymetry), slope, velocity, shear stress and Froude number under low, moderate and high discharges. Our models predicted that STK mussels would occupy a larger portion of the total aquatic area in this reach of the river than NSTN mussels. However, our data demonstrated that NSTN species used areas of higher shear stress and velocity than STK species, but were also present in backwaters with low energy, thus rejecting our hypothesis. The presence of NSTN species over a wide range of shear stress and velocity was probably due to the wide array of life histories displayed within this guild. Overall, these results are consistent with the flow refuge concept in which unionids are more prevalent in areas with low to moderate hydraulic stresses, regardless of shell morphology, and demonstrate the importance of incorporating abiotic and biotic variables into predictive models. C1 [Bartsch, Michelle R.; Zigler, Steve J.; Newton, Teresa J.; Sauer, Jennifer S.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Bartsch, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM mbartsch@usgs.gov OI Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652; Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 76 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyp045 PN 1 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 547MI UT WOS:000273892900007 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Hathaway, SA Wegmann, AS Shipley, FS Backlin, AR Helm, J Fisher, RN AF Lafferty, Kevin D. Hathaway, Stacie A. Wegmann, Alex S. Shipley, Frank S. Backlin, Adam R. Helm, Joel Fisher, Robert N. TI STOMACH NEMATODES (MASTOPHORUS MURIS) IN RATS (RATTUS RATTUS) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH COCONUT (COCOS NUCIFERA) HABITAT AT PALMYRA ATOLL SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISLANDS; POPULATION; HELMINTHS; EXULANS AB Black rats (Rattus rattus) and their stomach nematodes (Mastophorus muris) were historically introduced to islets at Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific Line Islands. To investigate patterns of parasitism, we trapped rats and quantified nematodes on 13 islets of various sizes and habitat types. Most rats were parasitized (59%) with an average of 12 worms per infected rat. Islet size did not greatly influence parasite population biology. Nematodes also did not appear to affect rat condition (weight to skull length). The only strong and consistent factor associated with the mean abundance of nematodes in rats was habitat (dominant cover and locally dominant plant species). Thus, nematodes were much more abundant in rats from sites dominated by coconut trees (Cocos nucifera). Coconut trees may also be an introduced species at Palmyra Atoll. C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.; Hathaway, Stacie A.; Wegmann, Alex S.; Shipley, Frank S.; Backlin, Adam R.; Helm, Joel; Fisher, Robert N.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the Nature Conservancy and the U.S. Fish and Wildlit'e Service for granting access to the refuge and for providing logistical support. T. Suchanek, with the assistance of Dad u, brought an infected rat to our attention. We thank A. Samaniego, W. Smith, A. Henry, and J. Svendsen who provided substantial field, laboratory, and logistical support. M. Torchin and H. Young provided comments on a draft of the manuscript. The U.S. Geological Survey is a member of the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium. This work was conducted under a special-use permit granted by the United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 96 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1645/GE-2180.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 579ZZ UT WOS:000276417400003 PM 19799487 ER PT J AU Holmgren, CA Betancourt, JL Rylander, KA AF Holmgren, Camille A. Betancourt, Julio L. Rylander, Kate A. TI A long-term vegetation history of the Mojave-Colorado Desert ecotone at Joshua Tree National Park SO JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE packrat middens; Pleistocene; Holocene; Joshua tree; juniper ID POLYMORPHIC DNAS RAPDS; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PRECIPITATION; USA; ARIZONA AB Thirty-eight dated packrat middens were collected from upper desert (930-1357 m) elevations within Joshua Tree National Park near the ecotone between the Mojave Desert and Colorado Desert, providing a 30 ka record of vegetation change with remarkably even coverage for the last 15 ka. This record indicates that vegetation was relatively stable, which may reflect the lack of invasion by extralocal species during the late glacial and the early establishment and persistence of many desert scrub elements. Many of the species found in the modern vegetation assemblages were present by the early Holocene, as indicated by increasing Sorenson's Similarity Index values. C(4) grasses and summer-flowering annuals arrived later at Joshua Tree National Park in the early Holocene, suggesting a delayed onset of warm-season monsoonal precipitation compared to other Sonoran Desert and Chihuahuan Desert localities to the east, where summer rains and C4 grasses persisted through the last glacial-interglacial cycle. This would suggest that contemporary flow of monsoonal moisture into eastern California is secondary to the core processes of the North American Monsoon, which remained intact throughout the late Quaternary. In the Holocene, northward displacement of the jet stream, in both summer and winter, allowed migration of the subtropical ridge as far north as southern Idaho and the advection of monsoonal moisture both westward into eastern California and northward into the southern Great Basin and Colorado Plateau. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Holmgren, Camille A.] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.; Rylander, Kate A.] US Geol Survey, Res Project Off, Div Water Resources, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Holmgren, CA (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. EM holmgrca@buffalostate.edu RI Munguia-Vega, Adrian/G-8417-2012 FU Joshua Tree National Park Foundation; Joshua Tree National Park through the University of Arizona's Desert Southwest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (DSCESU) FX We thank Nicholas Carlson, Dean Fujinami, Erin Gleason, Leslie Harper, Loriana Hornik, Angelica Longoria, Phyllis Nakagawa, Daniel Potts and Terri Wright for field and laboratory assistance. We also thank Paul DePrey, Gary Lindberg, Lora Lintz Mendoza, Alice Miller and Jason van Warmerdam for help with logistical arrangements and pinyon sample collection at Joshua Tree National Park, and Tasha La Doux for helpful discussions about oak taxonomy and identification. This manuscript was also improved through the constructive comments of Kenneth Cole and two anonymous reviewers. We thank John Southon and the W. M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory at the University of California, Irvine, for assistance in obtaining radiocarbon dates. This project was funded by a Joshua Tree National Park Foundation Competitive Science Grant to CAH and a grant from Joshua Tree National Park through the University of Arizona's Desert Southwest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (DSCESU) to JLB. We thank Hank McCutchen of the National Park Service for approving the project and Larry Norris for delaying disbursement of DSCESU funds until JLB recuperated from a serious illness. NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0267-8179 J9 J QUATERNARY SCI JI J. Quat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 222 EP 236 DI 10.1002/jqs.1313 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 556PE UT WOS:000274602600011 ER PT J AU Jacobson, CA Organ, JF Decker, DJ Batcheller, GR Carpenter, L AF Jacobson, Cynthia A. Organ, John F. Decker, Daniel J. Batcheller, Gordon R. Carpenter, Len TI A Conservation Institution for the 21st Century: Implications for State Wildlife Agencies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE funding; governance; Public Trust Doctrine; state wildlife agency; wildlife conservation institution ID MANAGEMENT; FUTURE AB The wildlife conservation institution (Institution) needs to reform to maintain legitimacy and relevancy in the 21st century. Institutional reform is inherently slow. Limitations resulting from historical and resource dependencies between state wildlife agencies and hunters have left the Institution poorly positioned to meet changing ecological and social complexities. In this paper, we suggest that an ideal Institution would have the following 4 components: broad-based funding, trustee-based governance, multidisciplinary science as the basis of recommendations from professional staff, and involvement of diverse stakeholders and partners. Our suggestions reflect the fundamental tenets of the Public Trust Doctrine, which we believe is the foundation of the Institution. In bringing forth these ideas, we hope to encourage discussion about how the Institution should reform to meet the changing needs of society. C1 [Jacobson, Cynthia A.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Organ, John F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. [Decker, Daniel J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Batcheller, Gordon R.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Albany, NY 12233 USA. RP Jacobson, CA (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM cindi.jacobson@alaska.gov NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.2193/2008-485 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 551WM UT WOS:000274243800004 ER PT J AU Wilson, RR Krausman, PR Morgart, JR AF Wilson, Ryan R. Krausman, Paul R. Morgart, John R. TI Forage Enhancement Plots as a Management Tool for Sonoran Pronghorn Recovery SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana sonoriensis; drought; endangered species; habitat manipulation; recovery efforts; Sonoran pronghorn ID ANTILOCAPRA-AMERICANA-SONORIENSIS; BEHAVIOR AB We studied the efficacy of forage enhancement plots for Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) during a drought in a large (130-ha) enclosure. As drought conditions continued, Sonoran pronghorn increased percent of time foraging in forage enhancement plots from 5.3 +/- 2.2% (SE) to 47.8 +/- 2.8% but showed signs of poor body condition and one died of starvation. Our results confirm the utility of forage enhancement plots for Sonoran pronghorn recovery, but suggest future research be conducted to determine the optimal size and watering regime of plots to increase survival and recruitment during prolonged droughts. C1 [Wilson, Ryan R.; Krausman, Paul R.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Morgart, John R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Ecol Serv Field Off, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. RP Wilson, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ryan.wilson@aggiemail.usu.edu FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; TE Inc. FX The United States Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and T&E Inc. provided funding. We thank the staff of Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge and the Arizona Game and Fish Department for maintaining and operating the pronghorn enclosure. We thank 3 anonymous reviewers and C. O'Brien for their valuable comments. We also thank C. S. McCasland for his assistance. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 236 EP 239 DI 10.2193/2009-191 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 551WM UT WOS:000274243800008 ER PT J AU Kerns, CK Ryan, MR Murphy, RK Thompson, FR Rubin, CS AF Kerns, Courtney K. Ryan, Mark R. Murphy, Robert K. Thompson, Frank R., III Rubin, Cory S. TI Factors Affecting Songbird Nest Survival in Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dolichonyx oryzivorus; livestock grazing; mixed-grass prairie; nest survival; Passerculus sandwichensis; passerines; prairie restoration; Spizella pallida ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; SITE SELECTION PATTERNS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GREAT-PLAINS; PREDATION; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; PARASITISM; SUCCESS; EDGE AB Factors associated with the nest survival of mixed-grass prairie passerines are not well known, especially in the context of contemporary grassland management. We documented the nest survival of clay-colored sparrows (Spizella pallida), savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), and bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) in managed prairie in northwestern North Dakota, USA. We used logistic exposure models and an information-theoretic framework to estimate nest survival and evaluate support for mechanisms (grazing, temporal factors, nest parasitism, nest-site vegetation, and nest-patch factors) relevant to nest survival. Survival for the entire nesting interval (23-28 days) was low for clay-colored sparrow (18.2%), savannah sparrow (15.5%), and bobolink (3.5%). We found support for a cubic effect of nest age; survival of savannah and clay-colored sparrow nests was greatest during mid-incubation and least during the mid-nestling period. Parasitized clay-colored sparrow and bobolink nests had greater survival rates than nonparasitized nests. Nest survival of clay-colored sparrows increased with increasing vegetation height and density. For savannah sparrows, nest survival was lower when cattle were present than when cattle were absent. Characteristics of the nest patch did not have strong effects based on model coefficients and confidence intervals, though they appeared in many of the most supported models. Positive effects of vegetation height and density on nest survival of clay-colored sparrows and negative effects of cattle presence on nest survival of savannah sparrows suggest some detrimental effects of grazing. However, the need to restore and maintain intact prairies likely warrants the continuation of cattle grazing on conservation lands. C1 [Kerns, Courtney K.; Ryan, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Murphy, Robert K.; Rubin, Cory S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kerns, CK (reprint author), 2505 Elida Dr, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM courtkerns@gmail.com NR 53 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.2193/2008-249 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 551WM UT WOS:000274243800011 ER PT J AU Hupp, JW Hodges, JI Conant, BP Meixell, BW Groves, DJ AF Hupp, Jerry W. Hodges, John I., Jr. Conant, Bruce P. Meixell, Brandt W. Groves, Debbie J. TI Winter Distribution, Movements, and Annual Survival of Radiomarked Vancouver Canada Geese in Southeast Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Branta canadensis fulva; radiotelemetry; survival; Vancouver Canada geese; winter distribution ID GREATER SNOW GEESE; EMPEROR GEESE; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; BRANTA-CANADENSIS; MOLT MIGRATION; WESTERN ALASKA; DYNAMICS; RADIOTRANSMITTERS; REPRODUCTION AB Management of Pacific Flyway Canada geese (Branta canadensis) requires information on winter distribution of different populations. Recoveries of tarsus bands from Vancouver Canada geese (B. canadensis fulva) marked in southeast Alaska, USA, >= 4 decades ago suggested that >= 83% of the population was non-migratory and that annual adult survival was high ((S) over cap = 0.836). However, recovery distribution of tarsus bands was potentially biased due to geographic differences in harvest intensity in the Pacific Flyway. Also, winter distribution of Vancouver Canada geese could have shifted since the 1960s, as has occurred for some other populations of Canada geese. Because winter distribution and annual survival of this population had not recently been evaluated, we surgically implanted very high frequency radiotransmitters in 166 adult female Canada geese in southeast Alaska. We captured Vancouver Canada geese during molt at 2 sites where adults with goslings were present (breeding areas) and 2 sites where we observed nonbreeding birds only. During winter radiotracking flights in southeast Alaska, we detected 98% of 85 females marked at breeding areas and 83% of 70 females marked at nonbreeding sites, excluding 11 females that died prior to the onset of winter radiotracking. We detected no radiomarked females in coastal British Columbia, or western Washington and Oregon, USA. Most (70%) females moved <= 30 km between November and March. Our model-averaged estimate of annual survival ((S) over cap = 0.844, SE = 0.050) was similar to the estimate of annual survival of geese marked from 1956 to 1960. Likely <2% of Vancouver Canada geese that nest in southeast Alaska migrate to winter areas in Oregon or Washington where they could intermix with Canada geese from other populations in the Pacific Flyway. Because annual survival of adult Vancouver Canada geese was high and showed evidence of long-term consistency, managers should examine how reproductive success and recruitment may affect the population. C1 [Hupp, Jerry W.; Meixell, Brandt W.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hodges, John I., Jr.; Conant, Bruce P.; Groves, Debbie J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hupp, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jhupp@usgs.gov OI Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349 FU United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Forest Service FX This project was made possible by financial and logistical support from the United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and United States Forest Service. We appreciate the support of D. Derksen, B. Leedy, R. Oates, and L. Shipley. D. Mulcahy was our principal veterinarian. R. MacLean and C. Scott also served as veterinarians. D. Rizzolo, M. Shepherd, and D. Mason were anesthetists and helped with captures. R. Bentley conducted radiotracking flights in Oregon and Washington, and E. Huggins monitored radios in the Klamath Basin. Thanks to S. Oehlers and M. Moran for coordinating logistical support at Harlequin Lake and to A. Bucholz, N. Catterson, J. Endicott, C. Grove, D. James, K. Schaberg, and C. Wiseman for their assistance. Thanks to L. Lerum, R. Piehl, and D. Chester for their support during captures at Fool Inlet. P. Wright with Summer King Adventures provided much logistical assistance. We thank T. Fox, K. DeGroot, and C. Pohl for their contributions. We appreciate the advice of J. King and J. Ratti during project planning. T. Fondell, J. Ratti, and D. Rizzolo provided helpful reviews of the manuscript. Use of commercial names does not imply endorsement by the United States Geological Survey. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.2193/2009-057 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 551WM UT WOS:000274243800013 ER PT J AU Gardner, B Royle, JA Wegan, MT Rainbolt, RE Curtis, PD AF Gardner, Beth Royle, J. Andrew Wegan, Michael T. Rainbolt, Raymond E. Curtis, Paul D. TI Estimating Black Bear Density Using DNA Data From Hair Snares SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bayesian analysis; black bears; hair-snare trapping; hierarchical model; Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC); spatial capture-recapture ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; MARK-RECAPTURE; GRIZZLY BEARS; POPULATION-SIZE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; URSUS-ARCTOS; HIERARCHICAL MODEL; DATA AUGMENTATION; TIGER DENSITIES; HOME-RANGE AB DNA-based mark-recapture has become a methodological cornerstone of research focused on bear species. The objective of such studies is often to estimate population size; however, doing so is frequently complicated by movement of individual bears. Movement affects the probability of detection and the assumption of closure of the population required in most models. To mitigate the bias caused by movement of individuals, population size and density estimates are often adjusted using ad hoc methods, including buffering the minimum polygon of the trapping array. We used a hierarchical, spatial capture-recapture model that contains explicit components for the spatial-point process that governs the distribution of individuals and their exposure to (via movement), and detection by, traps. We modeled detection probability as a function of each individual's distance to the trap and an indicator variable for previous capture to account for possible behavioral responses. We applied our model to a 2006 hair-snare study of a black bear (Ursus americanus) population in northern New York, USA. Based on the microsatellite marker analysis of collected hair samples, 47 individuals were identified. We estimated mean density at 0.20 bears/km(2). A positive estimate of the indicator variable suggests that bears are attracted to baited sites; therefore, including a trap-dependence covariate is important when using bait to attract individuals. Bayesian analysis of the model was implemented in WinBUGS, and we provide the model specification. The model can be applied to any spatially organized trapping array (hair snares, camera traps, mist nests, etc.) to estimate density and can also account for heterogeneity and covariate information at the trap or individual level. C1 [Gardner, Beth; Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Wegan, Michael T.; Curtis, Paul D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rainbolt, Raymond E.] USA, Fish & Wildlife Management Program, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. RP Gardner, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM bgardner@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 53 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.2193/2009-101 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 551WM UT WOS:000274243800018 ER PT J AU Houet, T Verburg, PH Loveland, TR AF Houet, Thomas Verburg, Peter H. Loveland, Thomas R. TI Monitoring and modelling landscape dynamics SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; USE/COVER CHANGE; FUTURE; ECOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; VIETNAM; HISTORY; SCIENCE; SYSTEM C1 [Houet, Thomas] Univ Toulouse 2, CNRS, GEODE, UMR 5602, F-31058 Toulouse 9, France. [Verburg, Peter H.] Wageningen Univ, Land Dynam Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Houet, T (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 2, CNRS, GEODE, UMR 5602, 5 Allee Antonio Machado, F-31058 Toulouse 9, France. EM thomas.houet@univ-tlse2.fr RI Verburg, Peter/A-8469-2010; OI Verburg, Peter/0000-0002-6977-7104; Houet, Thomas/0000-0001-5890-6145 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9417-x PG 5 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 554LS UT WOS:000274437100001 ER PT J AU Sohl, TL Loveland, TR Sleeter, BM Sayler, KL Barnes, CA AF Sohl, Terry L. Loveland, Thomas R. Sleeter, Benjamin M. Sayler, Kristi L. Barnes, Christopher A. TI Addressing foundational elements of regional land-use change forecasting SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Land; Change; Model; Regional; Foundation ID COVER CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHANGE MODELS; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT; MULTISCALE; OWNERSHIP AB Regional land-use models must address several foundational elements, including understanding geographic setting, establishing regional land-use histories, modeling process and representing drivers of change, representing local land-use patterns, managing issues of scale and complexity, and development of scenarios. Key difficulties include managing an array of biophysical and socioeconomic processes across multiple spatial and temporal scales, and acquiring and utilizing empirical data to support the analysis of those processes. The Southeastern and Pacific Northwest regions of the United States, two heavily forested regions with significant forest industries, are examined in the context of these foundational elements. Geographic setting fundamentally affects both the primary land cover (forest) in the two regions, and the structure and form of land use (forestry). Land-use histories of the regions can be used to parameterize land-use models, validate model performance, and explore land-use scenarios. Drivers of change in the two regions are many and varied, with issues of scale and complexity posing significant challenges. Careful scenario development can be used to simplify process-based land-use models, and can improve our ability to address specific research questions. The successful modeling of land-use change in these two areas requires integration of both top-down and bottom-up drivers of change, using scenario frameworks to both guide and simplify the modeling process. Modular approaches, with utilization and integration of existing process models, allow regional land-use modelers the opportunity to better represent primary drivers of land-use change. However, availability of data to represent driving forces remains a primary obstacle. C1 [Sohl, Terry L.; Loveland, Thomas R.; Sayler, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Sleeter, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Barnes, Christopher A.] SGT Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Sohl, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sohl@usgs.gov RI Barnes, Christopher/E-7836-2015; OI Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU US Geological Survey; NASA; USGS [08HQCN0005]; Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies (SGT) Inc. FX Funding for this research was provided by the US Geological Survey's (USGS) Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program with support from NASA's Land Cover and Land Use Change Program. Christopher Barnes' participation is supported through USGS contract 08HQCN0005 with Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies (SGT) Inc. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9391-3 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 554LS UT WOS:000274437100006 ER PT J AU Houet, T Loveland, TR Hubert-Moy, L Gaucherel, C Napton, D Barnes, CA Sayler, K AF Houet, Thomas Loveland, Thomas R. Hubert-Moy, Laurence Gaucherel, Cedric Napton, Darrell Barnes, Christopher A. Sayler, Kristi TI Exploring subtle land use and land cover changes: a framework for future landscape studies SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Scenarios; Modelling; Forecasting; Backcasting; LULCC; Agriculture; Brittany; Corn-Belt; Prospective ID AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; SCENARIOS; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; VISUALIZATION; METHODOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; MULTISCALE AB Land cover and land use changes can have a wide variety of ecological effects, including significant impacts on soils and water quality. In rural areas, even subtle changes in farming practices can affect landscape features and functions, and consequently the environment. Fine-scale analyses have to be performed to better understand the land cover change processes. At the same time, models of land cover change have to be developed in order to anticipate where changes are more likely to occur next. Such predictive information is essential to propose and implement sustainable and efficient environmental policies. Future landscape studies can provide a framework to forecast how land use and land cover changes is likely to react differently to subtle changes. This paper proposes a four step framework to forecast landscape futures at fine scales by coupling scenarios and landscape modelling approaches. This methodology has been tested on two contrasting agricultural landscapes located in the United States and France, to identify possible landscape changes based on forecasting and backcasting agriculture intensification scenarios. Both examples demonstrate that relatively subtle land cover and land use changes can have a large impact on future landscapes. Results highlight how such subtle changes have to be considered in term of quantity, location, and frequency of land use and land cover to appropriately assess environmental impacts on water pollution (France) and soil erosion (US). The results highlight opportunities for improvements in landscape modelling. C1 [Houet, Thomas] Univ Toulouse 2, CNRS, GEODE, UMR 5602, F-31058 Toulouse 9, France. [Loveland, Thomas R.; Sayler, Kristi] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hubert-Moy, Laurence] Univ Rennes 2, CNRS, COSTEL UMR 6554, LETG IFR CAREN 190, F-35043 Rennes, France. [Gaucherel, Cedric] INRA, EFPA, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Napton, Darrell] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Barnes, Christopher A.] SGT Inc, USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Houet, T (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 2, CNRS, GEODE, UMR 5602, 5 Allee Antonio Machado, F-31058 Toulouse 9, France. EM thomas.houet@univ-tlse2.fr RI Barnes, Christopher/E-7836-2015; OI Sayler, Kristi/0000-0003-2514-242X; Houet, Thomas/0000-0001-5890-6145 FU French Ministry of Research; CAREN (Centre Armoricain de Recherches en ENvironnement) FX This study was partly founded by the French Ministry of Research through the "Aires Culturelles'' grant and by the CAREN (Centre Armoricain de Recherches en ENvironnement). Authors would like to thank all US and French farmers and actors for this co-investigation, J. Douvinet and D. Delahaye for the use of the Ruicells model. We would like to thank reviewers for their very helpful comments and suggestions on earlier draft. NR 69 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 249 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9362-8 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 554LS UT WOS:000274437100007 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Talbot, SL Lanctot, RB McCracken, KG AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Talbot, Sandy L. Lanctot, Richard B. McCracken, Kevin G. TI Do common eiders nest in kin groups? Microgeographic genetic structure in a philopatric sea duck SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE common eider; environmental variation; habitat stability; kin association; site fidelity; Somateria mollissima v-nigrum ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; BROOD PARASITISM; BIRD POPULATION; RELATEDNESS; DISPERSAL; ANATIDAE; FLOW; MICROSATELLITES AB We investigated local genetic associations among female Pacific common eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) nesting in a stochastic Arctic environment within two groups of barrier islands (Simpson Lagoon and Mikkelsen Bay) in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Nonrandom genetic associations were observed among nesting females using regional spatial autocorrelation analyses for distance classes up to 1000 m in Simpson Lagoon. Nearest- neighbour analyses identified clusters of genetically related females with positive lr values observed for 0-13% and 0-7% of the comparisons in Simpson Lagoon and Mikkelsen Bay, respectively, across years. These results indicate that a proportion of females are nesting in close proximity to more genetically related individuals, albeit at low frequency. Such kin groupings may form through active association between relatives or through natal philopatry and breeding site fidelity. Eiders nest in close association with driftwood, which is redistributed annually by seasonal storms. Yet, genetic associations were still observed. Microgeographic structure may thus be more attributable to kin association than natal philopatry and site fidelity. However, habitat availability may also influence the level of structure observed. Regional structure was present only within Simpson Lagoon and this island group includes at least three islands with sufficient driftwood for colonies, whereas only one island at Mikkelsen Bay has these features. A long-term demographic study is needed to understand more fully the mechanisms that lead to fine-scale genetic structure observed in common eiders breeding in the Beaufort Sea. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Talbot, Sandy L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ssonsthagen@usgs.gov RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 FU Mineral Management Service [1435-01-98-CA-309]; Coastal Marine Institute; University of Alaska Fairbanks; US Geological Survey; NSF [EPS-0092040]; University of Alaska Foundation; BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc FX Funding was provided by: Mineral Management Service (1435-01-98-CA-309), Coastal Marine Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, US Geological Survey, Alaska EPSCoR Graduate Fellowship (NSF EPS-0092040), University of Alaska Foundation Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Fund and BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. The authors thank P. Flint, J. C. Franson, D. LaCroix and J. Reed, US Geological Survey, for providing samples; J. Gust and G. K. Sage for laboratory assistance; and C. Monnett and J. Gleason, Mineral Management Service, for financial and programmatic support. They thank the many biological technicians who collected samples throughout the study. They also thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 647 EP 657 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04495.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 548IG UT WOS:000273953400004 PM 20074318 ER PT J AU Marano, KD Wald, DJ Allen, TI AF Marano, Kristin D. Wald, David J. Allen, Trevor I. TI Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: a quantitative analysis for improving rapid loss analyses SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE PAGER; Earthquake casualty; Earthquake fatalities; Earthquake hazard AB This study presents a quantitative and geospatial description of global losses due to earthquake-induced secondary effects, including landslide, liquefaction, tsunami, and fire for events during the past 40 years. These processes are of great importance to the US Geological Survey's (USGS) Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system, which is currently being developed to deliver rapid earthquake impact and loss assessments following large/significant global earthquakes. An important question is how dominant are losses due to secondary effects (and under what conditions, and in which regions)? Thus, which of these effects should receive higher priority research efforts in order to enhance PAGER's overall assessment of earthquakes losses and alerting for the likelihood of secondary impacts? We find that while 21.5% of fatal earthquakes have deaths due to secondary (non-shaking) causes, only rarely are secondary effects the main cause of fatalities. The recent 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake is a notable exception, with extraordinary losses due to tsunami. The potential for secondary hazards varies greatly, and systematically, due to regional geologic and geomorphic conditions. Based on our findings, we have built country-specific disclaimers for PAGER that address potential for each hazard (Earle et al., Proceedings of the 14th World Conference of the Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, 2008). We will now focus on ways to model casualties from secondary effects based on their relative importance as well as their general predictability. C1 [Marano, Kristin D.; Wald, David J.; Allen, Trevor I.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Marano, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. EM kmarano@usgs.gov OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD FEB PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s11069-009-9372-5 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 542CV UT WOS:000273469900005 ER PT J AU Wood, NJ Burton, CG Cutter, SL AF Wood, Nathan J. Burton, Christopher G. Cutter, Susan L. TI Community variations in social vulnerability to Cascadia-related tsunamis in the US Pacific Northwest SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Social vulnerability; SoVI; Cascadia; Tsunami; Oregon; Principal component analysis ID HAZARD MITIGATION PROGRAM; ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS; WASHINGTON; EARTHQUAKE; DISASTERS; SCIENCE; STATE AB Tsunamis generated by Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes pose significant threats to coastal communities in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Impacts of future tsunamis to individuals and communities will likely vary due to pre-event socioeconomic and demographic differences. In order to assess social vulnerability to Cascadia tsunamis, we adjust a social vulnerability index based on principal component analysis first developed by Cutter et al. (2003) to operate at the census-block level of geography and focus on community-level comparisons along the Oregon coast. The number of residents from blocks in tsunami-prone areas considered to have higher social vulnerability varies considerably among 26 Oregon cities and most are concentrated in four cities and two unincorporated areas. Variations in the number of residents from census blocks considered to have higher social vulnerability in each city do not strongly correlate with the number of residents or city assets in tsunami-prone areas. Methods presented here will help emergency managers to identify community sub-groups that are more susceptible to loss and to develop risk-reduction strategies that are tailored to local conditions. C1 [Wood, Nathan J.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Burton, Christopher G.; Cutter, Susan L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Hazards & Vulnerabil Res Inst, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Wood, NJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM nwood@usgs.gov; burton@mailbox.sc.edu; scutter@sc.edu OI Cutter, Susan/0000-0002-7005-8596; Wood, Nathan/0000-0002-6060-9729 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); University of South Carolina, Department of Geography [03HQAG0018]; [0318HS004] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program and a USGS and University of South Carolina, Department of Geography cooperative agreement (# 03HQAG0018), Multihazard vulnerability assessment decision support (sub agreement: # 0318HS004). We thank Susan Benjamin, Bryan Boruff, Lori Dinitz, Len Gaydos, Matt Schmidtlein, Mara Tongue, Tamara Wilson, Shelby Wood, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful reviews of the earlier versions of the article. NR 67 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD FEB PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 BP 369 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s11069-009-9376-1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 542CV UT WOS:000273469900008 ER PT J AU Burgess, WG Hoque, MA Michael, HA Voss, CI Breit, GN Ahmed, KM AF Burgess, W. G. Hoque, M. A. Michael, H. A. Voss, C. I. Breit, G. N. Ahmed, K. M. TI Vulnerability of deep groundwater in the Bengal Aquifer System to contamination by arsenic SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WEST-BENGAL; DRINKING-WATER; BANGLADESH; BASIN; SEDIMENTS; ARAIHAZAR; MOBILITY; RELEASE; SHALLOW; STRATIGRAPHY AB Shallow groundwater, the primary water source in the Bengal Basin, contains up to 100 times the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking-water guideline of 10 mu g l(-1) arsenic (As), threatening the health of 70 million people. Groundwater from a depth greater than 150 m, which almost uniformly meets the WHO guideline, has become the preferred alternative source. The vulnerability of deep wells to contamination by As is governed by the geometry of induced groundwater flow paths and the geochemical conditions encountered between the shallow and deep regions of the aquifer. Stratification of flow separates deep groundwater from shallow sources of As in some areas. Oxidized sediments also protect deep groundwater through the ability of ferric oxyhydroxides to adsorb As. Basin-scale groundwater flow modelling suggests that, over large regions, deep hand-pumped wells for domestic supply may be secure against As invasion for hundreds of years. By contrast, widespread deep irrigation pumping might effectively eliminate deep groundwater as an As-free resource within decades. Finer-scale models, incorporating spatial heterogeneity, are needed to investigate the security of deep municipal abstraction at specific urban locations. C1 [Burgess, W. G.; Hoque, M. A.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Michael, H. A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Voss, C. I.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Breit, G. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ahmed, K. M.] Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Burgess, WG (reprint author), UCL, Dept Earth Sci, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM william.burgess@ucl.ac.uk RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010; Hoque, Mohammad/I-3800-2013; OI Hoque, Mohammad/0000-0002-8271-6760; Ahmed, Kazi Matin/0000-0001-5188-4385 NR 50 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1038/NGEO750 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 549WY UT WOS:000274086400010 ER PT J AU Finlayson, B Somer, WL Vinson, MR AF Finlayson, Brian Somer, William L. Vinson, Mark R. TI Rotenone Toxicity to Rainbow Trout and Several Mountain Stream Insects SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB The piscicide rotenone has been used for over 70 years to eradicate unwanted fish, but controversy exists regarding its impacts on nontarget organisms, particularly aquatic invertebrates. We evaluated the toxicity of synergized Nusyn-Noxfish and nonsynergized CFT Legumine rotenone formulations in 4- and 8-h exposures to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and six species of mountain stream caddisflies, mayflies, and stoneflies. We then compared these results with historical treatment data and aquatic invertebrate collections surrounding rotenone treatments in the 1990s that were designed to restore Paiute cutthroat trout O. clarkii seleniris to the Silver King Creek basin in Alpine County, California. The toxicity of rotenone was greatest to the trout; the synergist piperonyl butoxide appeared to have no effect on the toxicity of rotenone to the trout but did increase the toxicity to the invertebrates. The mean 8-h concentrations (as rotenone) lethal to 50% of the rainbow trout were 5.3 mu g/L for CFT Legumine and 6.2 mu g/L for Nusyn-Noxfish; the mean values for invertebrates ranged from 34 to 174 mu g/L for CFT Legumine and from 13 to 74 mu g/L for Nusyn-Noxfish. These findings corresponded to that observed in Silver King Creek, where three annual treatments of 16-23 mu g/L for 6-18 h were successful in extirpating rainbow trout hybrids but caused little change in aquatic insect assemblages. To lessen the impacts of rotenone treatment in mountain streams, project planners should (1) use the lowest rotenone concentration and duration needed to accomplish the treatment objective (we suggest 25-50 mu g/L for,8 h) and (2) avoid using formulations containing the synergist piperonyl butoxide. C1 [Finlayson, Brian] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Pesticide Invest Unit, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. [Vinson, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Finlayson, B (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Pesticide Invest Unit, 1701 Nimbus Rd,Suite F, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. EM briankarefinlayson@att.net FU California Department of Fish; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX This study was funded in part by the California Department of Fish and Game Threatened Trout Project and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Section 6 Grant for restoration of Paiute cutthroat trout. Dan Waligora (California Department of Fish and Game) conducted the toxicity tests, and he and Jim Harvey (USFS) and Chad Mellison (USFWS) assisted with the field collection of test invertebrates. Eric Dinger, Joe Kotynek, and Matt Tagg (Utah State University BugLab) confirmed aquatic insect identifications for the toxicity tests. Historic invertebrate data from Silver King Creek were collected by the California Department of Fish and Game and USFS. Laura Graf (U. S. Geological Survey, Ashland, Wisconsin) edited the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1577/M09-078.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900009 ER PT J AU Trested, DG Goforth, R Kirk, JP Isely, JJ AF Trested, Drew G. Goforth, Reuben Kirk, James P. Isely, J. Jeffery TI Survival of Shovelnose Sturgeon after Abdominally Invasive Endoscopic Evaluation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID PALLID STURGEON; REPRODUCTIVE STAGE; SEX; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MATURITY; GENDER; RIVER; SHORTNOSE; MOVEMENTS; FISH AB The development of effective and minimally invasive techniques to determine gender and gonad developmental stage is particularly important in performing accurate fisheries assessments for use in conservation and restoration. The initial and latent survival of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus was assessed after exposure to a modified endoscopic technique designed to collect that biological information. Rather than inserting the endoscope through the urogenital canal or directly into the body cavity, we inserted a threaded trocar through a ventral incision and used a low-pressure air supply attached to the trocar to gently insufflate the body cavity. The initial survival of both experimental and control shovelnose sturgeon was 100%. Latent survival was 100% and 90% for the experimental and control fish, respectively. Our study suggests that incision endoscopy coupled with insufflation of the body cavity through the use of a trocar and an air supply is a safe and effective way to determine gender and examine the gonad developmental stage of shovelnose sturgeon. The short duration of the procedure and the high postprocedure survival suggest that this technique is suitable for shovelnose sturgeon and perhaps for the evaluation of other endangered fish species (e. g., pallid sturgeon S. alba) as well. C1 [Trested, Drew G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Goforth, Reuben] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kirk, James P.] USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Isely, J. Jeffery] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Trested, DG (reprint author), Normandeau Associates, 25 Nashua Rd, Bedford, NH 03110 USA. EM dtrested@normandeau.com RI Goforth, Reuben/B-1646-2010 OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1577/M09-125.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900011 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Skalski, JR Brandes, PL Sandstrom, PT Klimley, AP Ammann, A MacFarlane, B AF Perry, Russell W. Skalski, John R. Brandes, Patricia L. Sandstrom, Philip T. Klimley, A. Peter Ammann, Arnold MacFarlane, Bruce TI Estimating Survival and Migration Route Probabilities of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RADIOTELEMETRY; MOVEMENT; HATCHERY; PASSAGE; GROWTH; SYSTEM; STOCKS; MODEL AB Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha emigrating from natal tributaries of the Sacramento River must negotiate the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, a complex network of natural and man-made channels linking the Sacramento River with San Francisco Bay. Natural processes and water management actions affect the fractions of the population using the different migration routes through the delta and survival within those routes. However, estimating these demographic parameters is difficult using traditional mark-recapture techniques, which depend on the physical recapture of fish (e. g., coded wire tags). Thus, our goals were to (1) develop a mark-recapture model to explicitly estimate the survival and migration route probabilities for each of four migration routes through the delta, (2) link these route-specific probabilities to population-level survival, and (3) apply this model to the first available acoustic telemetry data of smolt migration through the delta. The point estimate of survival through the delta for 64 tagged fish released in December 2006 ((S) over cap (delta) = 0.351; SE = 0.101) was lower than that for 80 tagged fish released in January 2007 ((S) over cap (delta) = 0.543; SE = 0.070). We attributed the observed difference in survival between releases to differences in survival for given migration routes and changes in the proportions of fish using the different routes. Our study shows how movements among, and survival within, migration routes interact to influence population-level survival through the delta. Thus, concurrent estimation of both route-specific migration and survival probabilities is critical to understanding the factors affecting population-level survival in a spatially complex environment such as the delta. C1 [Perry, Russell W.; Skalski, John R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Brandes, Patricia L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. [Sandstrom, Philip T.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Biotelemetry Lab, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ammann, Arnold; MacFarlane, Bruce] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM rwperry@u.washington.edu OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU CALFED with the California Bay-Delta Authority [U-04-SC-005]; California Bay-Delta Authority [U-05-SC-047] FX Funding for R. W. P's involvement with this project was provided by a CALFED Science Fellowship, agreement U-04-SC-005 with the California Bay-Delta Authority. Tagging of juvenile salmon, ultrasonic station deployment and interrogation, and tag detection database maintenance were supported by a grant from the California Bay-Delta Authority by agreement U-05-SC-047 (A. P. K. and B. M., principal investigators). Jon Burau and Aaron Blake, USGS, provided valuable insights and support to R. W. P. during this project. We thank Kevin Niemela, Kurtis Brown, and Scott Hamelburg of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the staff of Coleman National Fish Hatchery for providing the late-fall Chinook and logistical support for this study. We thank Scott Foott, USFWS, CA-NV Fish Health Center, for providing the fish transportation truck. We are grateful to the following staff of USFWS in Stockton, California, for assisting with transport, holding, and release of tagged fish: Paul Cadrett, Jack Ingram, Mike Marshall, Jennifer Messineo, Greg Nelson, Jon Thompson, Eric Volkman, Abi Warwas, Lori Wichman, and Rick Wilder. We also thank four anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 142 EP 156 DI 10.1577/M08-200.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900013 ER PT J AU Newman, KB Brandes, PL AF Newman, Ken B. Brandes, Patricia L. TI Hierarchical Modeling of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Survival as a Function of Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Water Exports SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA AB A multiyear study was carried out in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta system to examine the relationship between the survival of out-migrating Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and the amount of water exported from the system by the two major pumping stations in the southern portion of the delta. Paired releases of groups of coded-wire-tagged juvenile late-fall-run Chinook salmon were made at two locations in the delta, one in the main-stem Sacramento River and one in the interior portion of the delta where they were more likely to be directly affected by the pumping stations. Shortly after release, the fish were recovered downstream by a midwater trawl, and over a 2-4-year period the fish were recovered in ocean fishery catches and spawning ground surveys. A Bayesian hierarchical model for the recoveries was fit that explicitly accounted for the between-release variation in survival and capture probabilities as well as the sampling variation in the recoveries. The survival of the interior delta releases was considerably lower than that of main-steam releases (mean ratio of survival probabilities, 0.35). The ratio of survival probabilities was negatively associated with water export levels, but various model selection criteria gave more (or nearly equal) weight to simpler models that excluded exports. However, the signal-to-noise ratio, defined in terms of the export effect relative to environmental variation, was very low, and this could explain the indeterminacy in the results of the model selection procedures. Many more years of data would be needed to more precisely estimate the export effect. Whatever the factors that adversely affect survival through the interior delta, the fraction of out-migrants that enter the interior delta needs to be estimated in order to determine the overall effect of water exports on out-migrating Sacramento river Chinook salmon. C1 [Newman, Ken B.; Brandes, Patricia L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. RP Newman, KB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4001 N Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. EM ken_newman@fws.gov FU CalFed Science Program [SCI-06-G06-299] FX This article is based on work supported by a grant from the CalFed Science Program, project SCI-06-G06-299. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the California Bay Delta Authority or the CalFed Science Program. We thank Jonathan Speegle for help in processing data. David Hankin, Bryan Manly, and Russell Millar provided helpful technical reviews of the larger technical report from which this paper is drawn. We also thank Andy Royle, Ruth King, and three anonymous reviewers for additional comments and suggestions. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1577/M07-188.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900014 ER PT J AU Chalupnicki, MA Johnson, JH McKenna, JE Dittman, DE AF Chalupnicki, Marc A. Johnson, James H. McKenna, James E., Jr. Dittman, Dawn E. TI Habitat Selection and Spawning Success of Walleyes in a Tributary to Owasco Lake, New York SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; GREAT-LAKES; THIAMINE-DEFICIENCY; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONEIDA LAKE; BALTIC SEA; ERIE; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION AB Walleyes Sander vitreus are stocked into Owasco Lake, New York, to provide a sport fishery, but the population must be sustained by annual hatchery supplementation despite the presence of appropriate habitat. Therefore, we evaluated walleye spawning success in Dutch Hollow Brook, a tributary of Owasco Lake, to determine whether early survival limited recruitment. Spawning success during spring 2006 and 2007 was evaluated by estimating egg densities from samples collected in the lower 725 m of the stream. Environmental variables were also recorded to characterize the selected spawning habitat. Drift nets were set downstream of the spawning section to assess egg survival and larval drift. We estimated that 162,596 larvae hatched in 2006. For 2007, we estimated that 360,026 eggs were deposited, with a hatch of 127,500 larvae and hatching success of 35.4%. Egg density was significantly correlated to percent cover, substrate type, and depth : velocity ratio. Two sections had significantly higher egg deposition than other areas. Adult spawning walleyes selected shallow, slow habitats with some cover and gravel substrate in the accessible reaches of Dutch Hollow Brook. Our results show that walleyes found suitable spawning habitat in Dutch Hollow Brook and that egg and larval development does not appear to limit natural reproduction. C1 [Chalupnicki, Marc A.; Johnson, James H.; McKenna, James E., Jr.; Dittman, Dawn E.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Chalupnicki, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM mchalupnicki@usgs.gov OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1577/M09-033.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900015 ER PT J AU Rach, JJ Sass, GG Luoma, JA Gaikowski, MP AF Rach, Jeff J. Sass, Greg G. Luoma, James A. Gaikowski, Mark P. TI Effects of Water Hardness on Size and Hatching Success of Silver Carp Eggs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIGHEAD CARP; ASIAN CARPS; RIVER AB Eggs of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix absorb water after release from the female, causing them to become turgid and to increase substantially in size. The volume of water that diffuses within an egg is most likely determined by (1) the difference in ionic concentration between the egg and the water that surrounds it and (2) the elasticity of the egg membrane. Prior observations suggest that silver carp eggs may swell and burst in soft waters. If water hardness affects silver carp reproductive success in nonnative ecosystems, this abiotic factor could limit silver carp distribution or abundance. In this study, we tested the effect of water hardness on silver carp egg enlargement and hatching success. Groups of newly fertilized silver carp eggs were placed in water at one of five nominal water hardness levels (50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg/L as CaCO(3)) for 1 h to harden (absorb water after fertilization). Egg groups were then placed in separate incubation vessels housed in two recirculation systems that were supplied with either soft (50 mg/L as CaCO(3)) or hard (250 mg/L as CaCO(3)) water to evaluate hatching success. Tests were terminated within 24 h after viable eggs had hatched. Eggs that were initially placed in 50-mg/L water to harden were larger (i.e., swelled more) and had a greater probability of hatch than eggs hardened in other water hardness levels. Unlike the effect of water hardness during egg hardening, the water hardness during incubation appeared to have no effect on egg hatching success. Our research suggests that water hardness may not be a limiting factor in the reproduction, recruitment, and range expansion of silver carp in North America. C1 [Rach, Jeff J.; Gaikowski, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Sass, Greg G.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, Havana, IL 62644 USA. [Luoma, James A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Genoa Natl Fish Hatchery, Genoa, WI 54632 USA. RP Gaikowski, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM mgaikowski@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1577/M09-067.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900020 ER PT J AU Schramm, HL Vondracek, B French, WE Gerard, PD AF Schramm, Harold L., Jr. Vondracek, Bruce French, William E. Gerard, Patrick D. TI Factors Associated with Mortality of Walleyes and Saugers Caught in Live-Release Tournaments SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BLACK BASS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; ANGLING TOURNAMENTS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; STRESS; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; WATER AB We measured the initial mortality (fish judged nonreleasable at weigh-in), prerelease mortality (fish judged nonreleasable 1-2 h after weigh-in [which includes initial mortality]), and postrelease mortality (fish that died during a 5-d retention in net-pens) in 14 live-release tournaments for walleye Sander vitreus conducted in April-October 2006 and April-July 2007 in lakes and rivers in Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Among the 14 events, initial mortality was 0-28%, prerelease mortality was 3-54%, and postrelease mortality was 0-100%; the mortality of reference fish (walleyes >= 31 cm long that were captured by electrofishing and held in net-pens with tournament-caught walleyes to measure postrelease mortality) was 0-97%. Mortality was generally low in events conducted when water temperatures were below 14 degrees C but substantially higher in events when water temperatures were above 18 degrees C. The mortality of reference fish suggests that capture by electrofishing and minimal handling when the water temperature exceeds 19 degrees C results in high mortality of walleyes that is largely the result of the thermal conditions immediately after capture. Mortality was not related to the size of the tournaments (number of boats), the total number or weight of walleyes weighed in, or the mean number or weight of walleyes weighed in per boat. Mortality was positively related to the depth at which walleyes were caught and the live-well temperature and negatively related to the live-well dissolved oxygen concentration. Surface water temperature was the best predictor of mortality, and models were developed to predict the probability of prerelease and postrelease mortality of 10, 20, and 30% or less of tournament-caught walleyes due to water temperature. C1 [Schramm, Harold L., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [French, William E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gerard, Patrick D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM hschramm@cfr.msstate.edu FU FLW Outdoors; Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; MDNR; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; USGS Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This project benefited from the contributions of numerous individuals. Funding for the study was provided by FLW Outdoors; the Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; MDNR; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; and the USGS Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Personnel from the above agencies provided logistical support, collected walleye for the postrelease mortality assessments, and assisted with angler interviews and measurements of temperature and dissolved oxygen in live wells. FLW Outdoors personnel provided valued assistance at all events. Brian Blackwell, Jack Wingate, and three anonymous reviewers provided useful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 238 EP 253 DI 10.1577/M09-003.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900021 ER PT J AU Caroffino, DC Sutton, TM Elliott, RF Donofrio, MC AF Caroffino, David C. Sutton, Trent M. Elliott, Robert F. Donofrio, Michael C. TI Early Life Stage Mortality Rates of Lake Sturgeon in the Peshtigo River, Wisconsin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; WHITE STURGEON; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; SPAWNING HABITAT; GULF STURGEON; MICHIGAN; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; DRIFT; CONSERVATION AB A thorough understanding of the early life history of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens is critical for rehabilitation of this species. Recruitment of lake sturgeon is known to be variable, but the extent of that variation and mortality rates experienced by early life stages are unclear. The objective of this study was to quantify early life stage mortality and explore the variability in year-class strength by estimating total egg deposition and abundance of larval and age-0 juvenile lake sturgeon from the 2006 and 2007 year-classes in the Peshtigo River, Wisconsin. Egg mats, drift nets, and visual surveys were used to collect lake sturgeon eggs, larvae, and age-0 juveniles, respectively. Total egg deposition, larval abundance, and age-0 juvenile abundance were higher in 2007 than in 2006. The magnitude of difference ranged from 2 times for eggs to 11 times for age-0 juveniles. The rate of mortality from the larval stage to the age-0 juvenile stage was higher in 2006 (98.26%) than in 2007 (90.46%); overall mortality from the egg stage to the age-0 juvenile stage was also higher in 2006 (99.98%) than 2007 (99.93%). These results suggest that mortality rates for these life stages of lake sturgeon are high, and large variation in early life stage abundance may be common. Management strategies to reduce these mortality rates may increase recruitment and aid population recovery. C1 [Caroffino, David C.; Sutton, Trent M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Elliott, Robert F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Donofrio, Michael C.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Peshtigo, WI 54157 USA. RP Caroffino, DC (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 96 Grant St, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA. EM caroffinod@michigan.gov RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust, Purdue University; University of Alaska Fairbanks FX We thank J. Lorenz, A. Charlton, J. Hoffmeister, S. Tyszko, N. Barton, R. Turner, D. Shifflett, S. Shaw, and E. Baker for their assistance with field sampling and project logistics. M. Lindberg, J. Margraf, and A. Rosenberger provided constructive comments on a draft of this manuscript. Support for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust, Purdue University, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1577/M09-082.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZR UT WOS:000277113900026 ER PT J AU Gu, YX Brown, JF Miura, T van Leeuwen, WJD Reed, BC AF Gu, Yingxin Brown, Jesslyn F. Miura, Tomoaki van Leeuwen, Willem J. D. Reed, Bradley C. TI Phenological Classification of the United States: A Geographic Framework for Extending Multi-Sensor Time-Series Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE phenology; remote sensing; MODIS NDVI; geographic framework; phenological classification; pheno-class AB This study introduces a new geographic framework, phenological classification, for the conterminous United States based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time-series data and a digital elevation model. The resulting pheno-class map is comprised of 40 pheno-classes, each having unique phenological and topographic characteristics. Cross-comparison of the pheno-classes with the 2001 National Land Cover Database indicates that the new map contains additional phenological and climate information. The pheno-class framework may be a suitable basis for the development of an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-MODIS NDVI translation algorithm and for various biogeographic studies. C1 [Gu, Yingxin] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Miura, Tomoaki] Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [van Leeuwen, Willem J. D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [van Leeuwen, Willem J. D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Reed, Bradley C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Gu, YX (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM ygu@usgs.gov; jfbrown@usgs.gov; tomoakim@hawaii.edu; leeuw@ag.arizona.edu; reed@usgs.gov RI Miura, Tomoaki/B-5805-2008; OI Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998; Gu, Yingxin/0000-0002-3544-1856 FU USGS [08HQCN0007]; USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program; NASA [MEaSUREs NNX08AT05A]; EOS [NNG04GL88G] FX This work was performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0007 and partially funded by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program. Additional support was provided by NASA grant MEaSUREs NNX08AT05A and EOS grant NNG04GL88G. The authors thank Bruce K. Wylie, James E. Vogelmann, and Michael P. Crane for their valuable suggestions and comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2 BP 526 EP 544 DI 10.3390/rs2020526 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HJ UT WOS:000208401200009 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA AF Mebane, Christopher A. TI Relevance of Risk Predictions Derived from a Chronic Species Sensitivity Distribution with Cadmium to Aquatic Populations and Ecosystems SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Chapter of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CT Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Chapter of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY APR 12, 2007 CY APR 12, 2007 CL Ft Worden, WA CL Ft Worden, WA SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Pacific NW Chapter SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem, Pacific NW Chapter DE Aquatic life criteria; field validation; Hyalella azteca; population modeling; species sensitivity distributions ID AMPHIPOD HYALELLA-AZTECA; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LABORATORY TOXICITY TESTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MOTTLED SCULPINS; ECOLOGICAL RISK; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; SUMMER MOVEMENTS AB Criteria to protect aquatic life are intended to protect diverse ecosystems, but in practice are usually developed from compilations of single-species toxicity tests using standard test organisms that were tested in laboratory environments. Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) developed from these compilations are extrapolated to set aquatic ecosystem criteria. The protectiveness of the approach was critically reviewed with a chronic SSD for cadmium comprising 27 species within 21 genera. Within the data set, one genus had lower cadmium effects concentrations than the SSD fifth percentile-based criterion, so in theory this genus, the amphipod Hyalella, could be lost or at least allowed some level of harm by this criteria approach. However, population matrix modeling projected only slightly increased extinction risks for a temperate Hyalella population under scenarios similar to the SSD fifth percentile criterion. The criterion value was further compared to cadmium effects concentrations in ecosystem experiments and field studies. Generally, few adverse effects were inferred from ecosystem experiments at concentrations less than the SSD fifth percentile criterion. Exceptions were behavioral impairments in simplified food web studies. No adverse effects were apparent in field studies under conditions that seldom exceeded the criterion. At concentrations greater than the SSD fifth percentile, the magnitudes of adverse effects in the field studies were roughly proportional to the laboratory-based fraction of species with adverse effects in the SSD. Overall, the modeling and field validation comparisons of the chronic criterion values generally supported the relevance and protectiveness of the SSD fifth percentile approach with cadmium. C1 US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 230 Collins Rd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM cmebane@usgs.gov RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 NR 83 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 203 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01275.x PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 553TN UT WOS:000274389800005 PM 19659451 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Ma, P Kumar, S Rocca, M Morisette, JT Jarnevich, CS Benson, N AF Stohlgren, Thomas J. Ma, Peter Kumar, Sunil Rocca, Monique Morisette, Jeffrey T. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Benson, Nate TI Ensemble Habitat Mapping of Invasive Plant Species SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Boosted regression trees; invasive species; Maxent; multivariate adaptive regression splines; random forest; species distribution modeling ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; RANDOM FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ABSENCE DATA; DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTION; RISK; CONSERVATION; PERFORMANCE AB Ensemble species distribution models combine the strengths of several species environmental matching models, while minimizing the weakness of any one model. Ensemble models may be particularly useful in risk analysis of recently arrived, harmful invasive species because species may not yet have spread to all suitable habitats, leaving species-environment relationships difficult to determine. We tested five individual models (logistic regression, boosted regression trees, random forest, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and maximum entropy model or Maxent) and ensemble modeling for selected nonnative plant species in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, Wyoming; Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California, and areas of interior Alaska. The models are based on field data provided by the park staffs, combined with topographic, climatic, and vegetation predictors derived from satellite data. For the four invasive plant species tested, ensemble models were the only models that ranked in the top three models for both field validation and test data. Ensemble models may be more robust than individual species-environment matching models for risk analysis. C1 [Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Morisette, Jeffrey T.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.] Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Ma, Peter] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr Sigma Space, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rocca, Monique] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Benson, Nate] Natl Pk Serv, Natl Interagency Fire Ctr, Boise, ID USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Rocca, Monique/N-4528-2013; Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009 OI Rocca, Monique/0000-0002-5298-1643; FU NASA Decision Support through Earth Science Results [NN-H-04-Z-YO-010] FX We wish to thank and fully credit the National Park Service collaborators from Yellowstone: Craig McClure, Ann Rodman, and Eric Miller. Sequoia and Kings Canyon: Athena Demetry, Tony Caprio, and Pat Lineback. Alaska: Jeff Heyes, Jennifer Allen, and Brian Sorbel. Grand Teton: Kelly McCloskey and Diane Abendroth. We would also like to credit the professionals, volunteers, plant ecologists, fire ecologists, biological science technicians, GIS specialists, and the many seasonal field technicians for their contributions of expertise, time, effort, and data. More specifically, thanks to Christi Sorrell, Mike Stefancic, Roy Renkin, Gil Crain, Steve Miller, Bob Crabtree, Josh Harmsen, Dan Tyers, Susan Klein, Carolyn Richard, Carrie Guiles, Gary Muerle, Richard Thiel, Erik Frenzel, Karen Webster, Thomas McGinnis, Sylvia Haultain, Karen Folger, Jody Lyle, Thomas Liebscher, Trisha Wurtz, Katie Villano, Matt Macander, Blaine Spellman, Michele Young, Eric "Doc" Janssen, Klara Varga, and the Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee. Logistical support was provided by the USGS Fort Collins Science Center and the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Funding was provided by NASA Decision Support through Earth Science Results, Grant NN-H-04-Z-YO-010 (Woody Turner, program manager). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. government. NR 53 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01343.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 553TN UT WOS:000274389800006 PM 20136746 ER PT J AU Burgman, MA Wintle, BA Thompson, CA Moilanen, A Runge, MC Ben-Haim, Y AF Burgman, M. A. Wintle, B. A. Thompson, C. A. Moilanen, A. Runge, M. C. Ben-Haim, Yakov TI Reconciling Uncertain Costs and Benefits in Bayes Nets for Invasive Species Management SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Benefit-cost analysis; info-gap; invasive species; nonstatistical uncertainty; sensitivity analysis ID RESERVE NETWORKS; DECISION-MAKING; CATCHMENTS; SELECTION AB Bayes nets are used increasingly to characterize environmental systems and formalize probabilistic reasoning to support decision making. These networks treat probabilities as exact quantities. Sensitivity analysis can be used to evaluate the importance of assumptions and parameter estimates. Here, we outline an application of info-gap theory to Bayes nets that evaluates the sensitivity of decisions to possibly large errors in the underlying probability estimates and utilities. We apply it to an example of management and eradication of Red Imported Fire Ants in Southern Queensland, Australia and show how changes in management decisions can be justified when uncertainty is considered. C1 [Burgman, M. A.; Wintle, B. A.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Anal, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Thompson, C. A.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Moilanen, A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Metapopulat Res Grp, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Runge, M. C.] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Ben-Haim, Yakov] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Yitzhak Modai Chair Technol & Econ, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Burgman, MA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Australian Ctr Excellence Risk Anal, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM markab@unimelb.edu.au RI Moilanen, Atte/A-5005-2011; Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU Australian Centre of Excellence for Risk Analysis; ACERA [0611]; Commonwealth Environmental Research Facility for Applied Environmental Decision Analysis FX This study was supported by funds from the Australian Centre of Excellence for Risk Analysis, an output of ACERA Project 0611, and by the Commonwealth Environmental Research Facility for Applied Environmental Decision Analysis. We thank three reviewers for helpful comments and Catherine Ngondi for her editorial support. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01273.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 553TN UT WOS:000274389800010 PM 19659556 ER PT J AU Tiffan, KF Haskell, CA Kock, TJ AF Tiffan, Kenneth F. Haskell, Craig A. Kock, Tobias J. TI QUANTIFYING THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF SPAWNING CHUM SALMON TO ELEVATED DISCHARGES FROM BONNEVILLE DAM, COLUMBIA RIVER, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chum salmon; spawning; behaviour; elevated tailwaters; velocity; acoustic telemetry; DIDSON ID LOWER SNAKE RIVER; FLOW; MANAGEMENT; CHANNEL; REDDS AB Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta that spawn in main-stem habitats below Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River, USA, are periodically subjected to elevated discharges that may alter spawning behaviour. We investigated behavioural responses of spawning chum salmon to increased water velocities associated with experimental increases in tailwater elevation using acoustic telemetry and a dual-frequency identification sonar. Chum salmon primarily remained near their redds at base tailwater elevations (3.5 m above mean sea level), but displayed different movement and behavioural responses as elevations were increased to either 4.1 or 4.7m for 8-h periods. When velocities remained suitable (< 0.8 m s(-1)) during elevated-tailwater tests, female chum salmon remained near their redds but exhibited reduced digging activity as water velocities increased. However, when velocities exceeded 0.8 m s(-1), the females that remained on their redds exhibited increased swimming activity and digging virtually ceased. Female and male chum salmon that left their redds when velocities became unsuitable moved mean distances ranging from 32 to 58 m to occupy suitable velocities, but returned to their redds after tailwaters returned to base levels. Spawning events (i.e. egg deposition) were observed for five of nine pairs of chum salmon following tests indicating any disruptions to normal behaviour caused by elevated tailwaters were likely temporary. We believe a chum salmon's decision to either remain on, or leave, its redd during periods of unsuitably high water velocities reflects time invested in the redd and the associated energetic costs it is willing to incur. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tiffan, Kenneth F.; Haskell, Craig A.; Kock, Tobias J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Tiffan, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM ktiffan@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers; Bonneville Power Administration [00034979]; Technical Management Team; Fish Passage Advisory Committee; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX We thank our colleagues at the U. S. Geological Survey's Columbia River Research Laboratory whose efforts contributed to the success of this study. We acknowledge the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Bonneville Power Administration (contract No. 00034979), the Technical Management Team and the Fish Passage Advisory Committee for granting approval for this study and providing elevated tailwaters at Bonneville Dam. We also acknowledge the support of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which were cooperators on a larger study of chum salmon in the lower Columbia River. Reviews by Jill Hardiman, Ty Hatton, Dave Pflug, and one anonymous reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration and administered by Debbie Docherty. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1002/rra.1248 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 561SJ UT WOS:000274998900001 ER PT J AU Carlisle, DM Falcone, J Wolock, DM Meador, MR Norris, RH AF Carlisle, Daren M. Falcone, James Wolock, David M. Meador, Michael R. Norris, Richard H. TI PREDICTING THE NATURAL FLOW REGIME: MODELS FOR ASSESSING HYDROLOGICAL ALTERATION IN STREAMS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE natural flow regime; predictive models; random forests; hydrologic modification ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; WATER MANAGEMENT; RANDOM FORESTS; RIVER SYSTEMS; CLASSIFICATION; BIOASSESSMENTS; ECOSYSTEMS; WORLD; FRAGMENTATION AB Understanding the extent to which natural streamflow characteristics have been altered is an important consideration for ecological assessments of streams. Assessing hydrologic condition requires that we quantify the attributes of the flow regime that would be expected in the absence of anthropogenic modifications. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether selected streamflow characteristics could be predicted at regional and national scales using geospatial data. Long-term, gaged river basins distributed throughout the contiguous US that had streamflow characteristics representing least disturbed or near pristine conditions were identified. Thirteen metrics of the magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and rate of change of streamflow were calculated using a 20-50 year period of record for each site. We used random forests (RF), a robust statistical modelling approach, to develop models that predicted the value for each streamflow metric using natural watershed characteristics. We compared the performance (i.e. bias and precision) of national-and regional-scale predictive models to that of models based on landscape classifications, including major river basins, ecoregions and hydrologic landscape regions (HLR). For all hydrologic metrics, landscape stratification models produced estimates that were less biased and more precise than a null model that accounted for no natural variability. Predictive models at the national and regional scale performed equally well, and substantially improved predictions of all hydrologic metrics relative to landscape stratification models. Prediction error rates ranged from 15 to 40%, but were <= 25% for most metrics. We selected three gaged, non-reference sites to illustrate how predictive models could be used to assess hydrologic condition. These examples show how the models accurately estimate pre-disturbance conditions and are sensitive to changes in streamflow variability associated with long-term land-use change. We also demonstrate how the models can be applied to predict expected natural flow characteristics at ungaged sites. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Carlisle, Daren M.; Falcone, James; Meador, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Norris, Richard H.] Univ Canberra, Water Cooperat Res Ctr, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Norris, Richard H.] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Carlisle, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dcarlisle@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 41 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 118 EP 136 DI 10.1002/rra.1247 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 561SJ UT WOS:000274998900003 ER PT J AU Miles, AK Ricca, MA AF Miles, A. Keith Ricca, Mark A. TI Temporal and spatial distributions of sediment mercury at salt pond wetland restoration sites, San Francisco Bay, CA, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methylmercury; Sediment; Salt pond; Restoration; San Francisco Bay; Total mercury ID ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; METHYL MERCURY; CALIFORNIA; METHYLMERCURY; INGESTION; SALINITY; TISSUES; BIRDS AB Decommissioned agricultural salt ponds within south San Francisco Bay, California. are in the process of being converted to habitat for the benefit of wildlife as well as water management needs and recreation. Little is known of baseline levels of contaminants in these ponds, particularly mercury (Hg), which has a well established legacy in the Bay. In this study we described spatial and short-term temporal variations in sediment Hg species concentrations within and among the Alviso and Eden Landing salt ponds in the southern region of San Francisco Bay. We determined total Hg (Hg(t)) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the top 5 cm of sediment of most ponds in order to establish baseline conditions prior to restoration, sediment Hg, concentrations in a subset of these ponds after commencement of restoration, and variation in MeHg concentrations relative to sediment Hg,, pH, and total Fe concentrations and water depth and salinity in the subset of Alviso ponds. Inter-pond differences were greatest within the Alviso pond complex, where sediment Hg, concentrations averaged (arithmetic mean) 0.74 mu g/g pre and 1.03 mu g/g post-restoration activity compared to 0.11 mu g/g pre and post at Eden Landing ponds. Sediment Hgt levels at Alviso were fairly stable temporally and spatially, whereas MeHg levels were variable relative to restoration activities across time and space. Mean (arithmetic) sediment MeHg concentrations increased (2.58 to 3.03 ng/g) in Alviso and decreased (2.20 to 1.03 ng/g) in Eden Landing restoration ponds during the study. Differences in MeHg levels were related to water depth and pH, but these relationships were not consistent between years or among ponds and were viewed with caution. Factors affecting MeHg levels in these ponds (and in general) are highly complex and require in-depth study to understand. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miles, A. Keith] Univ Calif Davis, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Miles, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM keith_miles@usgs.gov; mark_ricca@usgs.gov FU USGS; USFWS; CDFG; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California FX We thank E. Caceres, J. Despot, M. Harper, J. Mason, C. Massing, A. Neumann, M. Stafford, S. Spring, A. Story, and W. Thornton for field collections and technician assistance, and C. Morris (USFWS - retired) and C. Wilcox (CDFG) for logistical assistance. Special thanks to M. Marvin-DiPasquale and J. Yee (USGS) for their in-depth reviews. We thank E. Mruz (USFWS), B. Ransom (Cargill), and H. Peterson (USGS) for valuable information on water management and B. Lasorsa (Battelle Marine Sciences Lab) provided analytical chemistry expertise. This study was supported by the USGS and USFWS Science Support Program, the USFWS Sacramento Ecological Services Contaminants Program (T. Maurer), and CDFG (Wilcox). We thank the John Muir Institute for the Environment, the Office of Research, and the Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, for on-campus support. Mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 5 BP 1154 EP 1165 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.042 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553KH UT WOS:000274365000019 PM 19922978 ER PT J AU McCoy, JW Draugelis-Dale, RO Keeland, BD Darville, R AF McCoy, John W. Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O. Keeland, Bobby D. Darville, Roy TI A COMPARISON OF LITTER PRODUCTION IN YOUNG AND OLD BALDCYPRESS (TAXODIUM DISTICHUM [L.]) STANDS AT CADDO LAKE, TEXAS SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOUISIANA SWAMP; FORESTS AB Aboveground primary productivity for cypress forests was assessed from measurements of litter production in two age groups and in two hydrological regimes (standing water and free-flowing). Caddo Lake, located in northeast Texas on the Texas-Louisiana border, offered a unique study site since it is dominated by extensive stands composed entirely of Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. (baldcypress) in different age groups. Young stands (approximately 100 years old) are found along the shoreline and on shallow flooded islands. Old stands (similar to 150 to 300 years old) are found in deeper water where they were continuously flooded. Litter production over three years from October 1998 to September 2001 was measured. Litter consisting of leaves, twigs, bark, reproductive parts, and Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Spanish moss) was collected monthly using 0.5 m(2) floating traps. Tree diameters were measured within 200 m(2) circular plots in each stand. The young stands supported densities greater than 2,000 stems/ha and a mean stand basal area of 72.3 m(2)/ha, whereas old stands supported lower densities of about 500 stems/ha but with a similar mean stand basal area of 73.3 m(2)/ha. There was a significant difference between old and young stands for overall yearly litter production, averaging about 670 g/m(2)/yr in the young stands and 460 g/m(2)/yr in the old stands. Leaves and twigs were significantly greater in the young stands, while reproductive parts were higher in old stands. Litter collections between years or hydrological regimes were not significantly different. C1 [McCoy, John W.; Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O.; Keeland, Bobby D.] USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Darville, Roy] E Texas Baptist Univ, Marshall, TX 75670 USA. RP McCoy, JW (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM mccoyj@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI KERRVILLE PA CMB 6252, SCHREINER UNIV, KERRVILLE, TX 78028-5697 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 PG 16 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 734SY UT WOS:000288359700003 ER PT J AU Kelley, SW AF Kelley, Samuel W. TI HETEROBILHARZIASIS (TREMATODA: SCHISTOSOMATIDAE) IN RACCOONS (PROCYON LOTOR) OF NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AMERICANA PRICE 1929; EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION; LOUISIANA; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PARASITES; PATTERNS; FLORIDA; HOSTS AB The mammalian schistosome Heterobilharzia americana was collected from a sample of 36 raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Archer and Wichita counties of north-central Texas, providing new county records and a northern range extension for the fluke in the state. Overall prevalence of adult flukes in raccoons was 47.2 %, suggesting that the fluke is well established in the region. Fluke parasite load (abundance) and infection rates were compared among host subgroups by sex, age class, and season of capture. No significant differences were found by host sex. Seasonal discrepancies in fluke infection rates and parasite loads were insignificant, though sporadic cercarial exposure in young raccoons and small sample size may have obscured seasonal trends. Host age played a significant role in fluke parasite load and infection rate, with older age class raccoons having greater infection rates, prevalence, and parasite loads, but smaller, less variable mean intensities than younger age class raccoons. While the results of this study concur with previous studies of H. americana in mammalian hosts, the reduced mean intensity of flukes in older age class raccoons may indicate a degree of acquired immunity in infected adult hosts, as is commonly seen with other schistosome species. C1 US Geol Survey, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA. RP Kelley, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA. EM skelley@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI KERRVILLE PA CMB 6252, SCHREINER UNIV, KERRVILLE, TX 78028-5697 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 734SY UT WOS:000288359700004 ER PT J AU Antolin, MF Biggins, DE Gober, P AF Antolin, Michael F. Biggins, Dean E. Gober, Pete TI Symposium on the Ecology of Plague and its Effects on Wildlife: A Model for Translational Research SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTRODUCED PLAGUE; YERSINIA-PESTIS; DYNAMICS; HISTORY; HOST C1 [Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gober, Pete] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pierre, SD USA. RP Antolin, MF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Michael.Antolin@Colostate.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.2010.pl.intro PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 555PS UT WOS:000274526200002 PM 20158326 ER PT J AU Cully, JF Johnson, TL Collinge, SK Ray, C AF Cully, Jack F., Jr. Johnson, Tammi L. Collinge, Sharon K. Ray, Chris TI Disease Limits Populations: Plague and Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Cynomys ludovicianus; Epizootic; Fragmentation; Population regulation; Yersinia pestis ID CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; DYNAMIC BIOGEOGRAPHY; SYLVATIC PLAGUE; CONSERVATION; COLONIES; FRAGMENTATION; RANGE; USA AB Plague is an exotic vector-borne disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis that causes mortality rates approaching 100% in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). We mapped the perimeter of the active portions of black-tailed prairie dog colonies annually between 1999 and 2005 at four prairie dog colony complexes in areas with a history of plague, as well as at two complexes that were located outside the distribution of plague at the time of mapping and had therefore never been affected by the disease. We hypothesized that the presence of plague would significantly reduce overall black-tailed prairie dog colony area, reduce the sizes of colonies on these landscapes, and increase nearest-neighbor distances between colonies. Within the region historically affected by plague, individual colonies were smaller, nearest-neighbor distances were greater, and the proportion of potential habitat occupied by active prairie dog colonies was smaller than at plague-free sites. Populations that endured plague were composed of fewer large colonies (>100 ha) than populations that were historically plague free. We suggest that these differences among sites in colony size and isolation may slow recolonization after extirpation. At the same time, greater intercolony distances may also reduce intercolony transmission of pathogens. Reduced transmission among smaller and more distant colonies may ultimately enhance long-term prairie dog population persistence in areas where plague is present. C1 [Cully, Jack F., Jr.; Johnson, Tammi L.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.; Johnson, Tammi L.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Collinge, Sharon K.; Ray, Chris] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Collinge, Sharon K.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cully, JF (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 212 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bcully@ksu.edu OI RAY, CHRIS/0000-0002-7963-9637 FU National Center for Environmental Research, Science to Achieve Results Program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency [R82909101-0]; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health joint program in Ecology and Infectious Diseases [DEB-0224328]; United States Geological Survey; United States Forest Service; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks; Division of Biology at Kansas State University; Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank David Augustine, Stephanie Shively, and Tom Peters-Comanche National Grassland; Andy Chappell, Geri Mason, and Joe Hartman-Cimarron National Grassland; Dan Garcia and Nancy Walls-Kiowa=Rita Blanca National Grassland; Tim Byer and Cristi Lockman-Thunder Basin National Grassland; Barbara Menchau and Dan RoddeyWind Cave National Park; Doug Albertson, Greg Schroeder, and Brian Kenner-Badlands National Park and Buffalo Gap National Grassland; and especially the private landowners across our study sites for their cooperation. We thank Robert Marsh, John Kraft, and Justin Kretzer for field assistance, and Chris Frey and Bala Thiagarajan for their valuable comments. Clint Boal, the Cully=Sandercock lab group, Paul Stapp, Dean Biggins, and two anonymous reviewers of an earlier manuscript offered many valuable suggestions. Financial support for this research was provided by the National Center for Environmental Research, Science to Achieve Results Program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (R82909101-0), the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health joint program in Ecology and Infectious Diseases (DEB-0224328), United States Geological Survey, United States Forest Service, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, the Division of Biology at Kansas State University, and the Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0045 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 555PS UT WOS:000274526200003 PM 20158327 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Godbey, JL Gage, KL Carter, LG Montenieri, JA AF Biggins, Dean E. Godbey, Jerry L. Gage, Kenneth L. Carter, Leon G. Montenieri, John A. TI Vector Control Improves Survival of Three Species of Prairie Dogs (Cynomys) in Areas Considered Enzootic for Plague SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Cynomys; Deltamethrin; Enzootic; Epizootic; Flea control; Oropsylla; Plague; Prairie dog; Pulex; Survival; Yersinia pestis ID VIRULENT YERSINIA-PESTIS; NATURAL CONDITIONS; OROPSYLLA-HIRSUTA; MARKED ANIMALS; UNITED-STATES; FLEAS; CLIMATE; COLONIES; ECOLOGY; ECTOPARASITES AB Plague causes periodic epizootics that decimate populations of prairie dogs (PDs) (Cynomys), but the means by which the causative bacterium ( Yersinia pestis) persists between epizootics are poorly understood. Plague epizootics in PDs might arise as the result of introductions of Y. pestis from sources outside PD colonies. However, it remains possible that plague persists in PDs during interepizootic periods and is transmitted at low rates among highly susceptible individuals within and between their colonies. If this is true, application of vector control to reduce flea numbers might reduce mortality among PDs. To test whether vector control enhances PD survival in the absence of obvious plague epizootics, we reduced the numbers of fleas ( vectors for Y. pestis) 96-98% ( 1 month posttreatment) on 15 areas involving three species of PDs ( Cynomys leucurus, Cynomys parvidens in Utah, and Cynomys ludovicianus in Montana) during 2000-2004 using deltamethrin dust delivered into burrows as a pulicide. Even during years without epizootic plague, PD survival rates at dusted sites were 31-45% higher for adults and 2-34% higher for juveniles compared to survival rates at nondusted sites. Y. pestis was cultured from 49 of the 851 flea pools tested ( 6882 total fleas) and antibodies against Y. pestis were identified in serum samples from 40 of 2631 PDs. Although other explanations are possible, including transmission of other potentially fatal pathogens by fleas, ticks, or other ectoparasites, our results suggest that plague might be maintained indefinitely in PD populations in the absence of free epizootics and widespread mortality among these animals. If PDs and their fleas support enzootic cycles of plague transmission, there would be important implications for the conservation of these animals and other species. C1 [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, BRD, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gage, Kenneth L.; Carter, Leon G.; Montenieri, John A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BRD, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dean_biggins@usgs.gov FU Fish and Wildlife Service; Geological Survey; Bureau of Land Management; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Utah Department of Natural Resources Endangered Species Mitigation Fund; Bryce Canyon National Park; Dixie National Forest; Bureau of Land Management offices in Utah (Vernal, Cedar City, Richfield, and Torrey); Colorado (Meeker); Montana (Malta) FX We appreciate assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for flea identification and for testing of flea pools, blood samples, and carcasses. We are deeply indebted to our many crew leaders and technicians who assisted them (n = 70). R. Reading and B. Miller of the Denver Zoological Foundation arranged logistical support for the study. Funding was provided by several federal agencies, including the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Geological Survey, and the Bureau of Land Management, supplemented by additional funds from the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and the Utah Department of Natural Resources Endangered Species Mitigation Fund. Additional in kind support was provided by the Bryce Canyon National Park, Dixie National Forest, and Bureau of Land Management offices in Utah (Vernal, Cedar City, Richfield, and Torrey), Colorado (Meeker), and Montana (Malta). We appreciate constructive reviews of this paper by R. Matchett, D. Eads, P. Stevens, and L. Ellison. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 61 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 37 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0049 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 555PS UT WOS:000274526200004 PM 20158328 ER PT J AU Matchett, MR Biggins, DE Carlson, V Powell, B Rocke, T AF Matchett, Marc R. Biggins, Dean E. Carlson, Valerie Powell, Bradford Rocke, Tonie TI Enzootic Plague Reduces Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela nigripes) Survival in Montana SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Black-footed ferrets; Black-tailed prairie dogs; Cynomys ludoviscianus; Deltamethrin; Enzootic; F1-V fusion protein plague vaccine; Mustela nigripes; Plague; Yersinia pestis ID PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES; F1-V FUSION PROTEIN; YERSINIA-PESTIS; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; SYLVATIC PLAGUE; FLEAS; DYNAMICS; TRANSMISSION AB Black-footed ferrets ( Mustela nigripes) require extensive prairie dog colonies (Cynomys spp.) to provide habitat and prey. Epizootic plague kills both prairie dogs and ferrets and is a major factor limiting recovery of the highly endangered ferret. In addition to epizootics, we hypothesized that enzootic plague, that is, presence of disease-causing Yersinia pestis without any noticeable prairie dog die off, may also affect ferret survival. We reduced risk of plague on portions of two ferret reintroduction areas by conducting flea control for 3 years. Beginning in 2004, about half of the ferrets residing on dusted and nondusted colonies were vaccinated against plague with an experimental vaccine (F1-V fusion protein). We evaluated 6-month reencounter rates ( percentage of animals observed at the end of an interval that were known alive at the beginning of the interval), an index to survival, for ferrets in four treatment groups involving all combinations of vaccination and flea control. For captive-reared ferrets ( 115 individuals observed across 156 time intervals), reencounter rates were higher for vaccinates (0.44) than for nonvaccinates (0.23, p = 0.044) on colonies without flea control, but vaccination had no detectable effect on colonies with flea control ( vaccinates 0.41, nonvaccinates 0.42, p = 0.754). Flea control resulted in higher reencounter rates for nonvaccinates (p = 0.026), but not for vaccinates (p = 0.508). The enhancement of survival due to vaccination or flea control supports the hypothesis that enzootic plague reduces ferret survival, even when there was no noticeable decline in prairie dog abundance. The collective effects of vaccination and flea control compel a conclusion that fleas are required for maintenance, and probably transmission, of plague at enzootic levels. Other studies have demonstrated similar effects of flea control on several species of prairie dogs and, when combined with this study, suggest that the effects of enzootic plague are widespread. Finally, we demonstrated that the experimental F1-V fusion protein vaccine provides protection to ferrets in the wild. C1 [Matchett, Marc R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. [Biggins, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Carlson, Valerie] Bur Land Management, Malta, MT USA. [Powell, Bradford] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD USA. [Rocke, Tonie] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Matchett, MR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 110,333 Airport Rd, Lewistown, MT 59457 USA. EM randy_matchett@fws.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 55 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0053 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 555PS UT WOS:000274526200005 PM 20158329 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Pussini, N Smith, SR Williamson, J Powell, B Osorio, JE AF Rocke, Tonie E. Pussini, Nicola Smith, Susan R. Williamson, Judy Powell, Bradford Osorio, Jorge E. TI Consumption of Baits Containing Raccoon Pox-Based Plague Vaccines Protects Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Black-tailed prairie dogs; Cynomys ludovicianus; F1-V fusion protein; Oral vaccination; Plague; Raccoon poxvirus vaccines; Yersinia pestis ID F1-V FUSION PROTEIN; FERRETS MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; V-ANTIGEN PROTECTS; YERSINIA-PESTIS; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; ORAL VACCINATION; FLEAS; MICE; CHALLENGE AB Baits containing recombinant raccoon poxvirus (RCN) expressing plague antigens ( fraction 1 [F1] and a truncated form of the V protein-V307) were offered for voluntary consumption several times over the course of several months to a group of 16 black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). For comparison, another group of prairie dogs (n = 12) was injected subcutaneously (SC) ( prime and boost) with 40 mg of F1-V fusion protein absorbed to alum, a vaccine-adjuvant combination demonstrated to elicit immunity to plague in mice and other mammals. Control animals received baits containing RCN without the inserted antigen ( n 8) or injected diluent ( n 7), and as there was no difference in their survival rates by Kaplan-Meier analysis, all of them were combined into one group in the final analysis. Mean antibody titers to Yersinia pestis F1 and V antigen increased (p<0.05) in the vaccinated groups compared to controls, but titers were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in those receiving injections of F1-V fusion protein than in those orally vaccinated with RCN-based vaccine. Interestingly, upon challenge with approximately 70,000 cfu of virulent Y. pestis, oral vaccination resulted in survival rates that were significantly higher (p = 0.025) than the group vaccinated by injection with F1-V fusion protein and substantially higher (p<0.0001) than the control group. These results demonstrate that oral vaccination of prairie dogs using RCN-based plague vaccines provides significant protection against challenge at dosages that simulate simultaneous delivery of the plague bacterium by numerous flea bites. C1 [Rocke, Tonie E.; Pussini, Nicola; Smith, Susan R.; Williamson, Judy] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Powell, Bradford] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD USA. [Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU USGS-Biological Resources Division; Defense Advance Research Projects Agency; U.S. Army FX Technical and animal care assistance was provided by J. Lambert-Newman, L. Stickney, and S. Meier. Funding for this project was provided by the USGS-Biological Resources Division and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Army. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 21 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1089/vbz.2009.0050 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 555PS UT WOS:000274526200008 PM 20158332 ER PT J AU Andrews, GP Vernati, G Ulrich, R Rocke, TE Edwards, WH Adamovicz, JJ AF Andrews, G. P. Vernati, G. Ulrich, R. Rocke, T. E. Edwards, W. H. Adamovicz, J. J. TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IN VIVO-INDUCED CONSERVED SEQUENCES (IVICS) FROM YERSINIA PESTIS DURING INFECTION IN DIFFERENT SUSCEPTIBLE HOST SPECIES SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Andrews, G. P.; Vernati, G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ulrich, R.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Rocke, T. E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Edwards, W. H.] Wyoming State Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY USA. [Adamovicz, J. J.] Midwest Res Inst, Frederick, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 555PS UT WOS:000274526200014 ER PT J AU Berlier, W Carlson, A Osorio, JE Rocke, TE AF Berlier, Willy Carlson, Andrea Osorio, Jorge E. Rocke, Tonie E. TI RODENT HOST RESPONSES TO VIRAL-VECTORED VACCINES AGAINST PLAGUE SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Berlier, Willy; Carlson, Andrea; Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rocke, Tonie E.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 555PS UT WOS:000274526200036 ER PT J AU Thiagarajan, B Cully, JF Gage, KL AF Thiagarajan, Bala Cully, Jack F., Jr. Gage, Kenneth L. TI ECOLOGY OF RODENTS AND FLEAS ASSOCIATED WITH BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS IN AREAS WITH PLAGUE SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thiagarajan, Bala] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Cully, Jack F., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vector Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 555PS UT WOS:000274526200048 ER PT J AU Harvey, RW Metge, DW Barber, LB Aiken, GR AF Harvey, Ronald W. Metge, David W. Barber, L. B. Aiken, George R. TI Effects of altered groundwater chemistry upon the pH-dependency and magnitude of bacterial attachment during transport within an organically contaminated sandy aquifer SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Transport; Subsurface; Attachment; Aquifer; Groundwater; pH; DOC; NOM; Organic contaminants; Calcium; Sulfate; Plume; Static minicolumns; Quartz sand; Treated sewage ID POROUS-MEDIA; CAPE-COD; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1; COLLOID TRANSPORT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GRAVEL AQUIFER; REDOX ZONES; MATTER; ADSORPTION AB The effects of a dilute (ionic strength = 5 x 10(-3) M) plume of treated sewage, with elevated levels (3.9 mg/L) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), upon the pH-dependency and magnitude of bacterial transport through an iron-laden, quartz sand aquifer (Cape Cod, MA) were evaluated using sets of replicate, Static minicolumns. Compared with uncontaminated groundwater, the plume chemistry diminished bacterial attachment under mildly acidic (pH 5.0-6.5) in-situ conditions, in spite of the 5-fold increase in ionic strength and substantively enhanced attachment under more alkaline conditions. The effects of the hydrophobic neutral and total fractions of the plume DOC; modest concentrations of fulvic and humic acids (1.5 mg/L); linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) (25 mg/L); Imbentin (200 mu g/L), a model nonionic surfactant; sulfate (28 mg/L); and calcium (20 mg/L) varied sharply in response to relatively small changes in pH, although the plume constituents collectively decreased the pH-dependency of bacterial attachment. LAS and other hydrophobic neutrals (collectively representing only similar to 3% of the plume DOC) had a disproportionately large effect upon bacterial attachment, as did the elevated concentrations of sulfate within the plume. The findings further suggest that the roles of organic plume constituents in transport or bacteria through acidic aquifer sediments can be very different than would be predicted from column studies performed at circumneutral pH and that the inorganic constituents within the plume cannot be ignored. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Harvey, Ronald W.; Metge, David W.; Barber, L. B.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Harvey, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rwharvey@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 FU USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology program FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Denis LeBlanc regarding sampling and logistics at the field site and the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology program for financial support. Use of brand names is for informational purposes only and does not constitute product endorsement by the authors, USGS, or the publisher. The authors wish to give special thanks to Dr, Douglas Kent (USGS), Greg Brown (USGS), Arvind Mohanram (Univ. Hawaii) and the two reviewers appointed by Water Research for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 SI SI BP 1062 EP 1071 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 568VH UT WOS:000275551300005 PM 19822342 ER PT J AU Abudalo, RA Ryan, JN Harvey, RW Metge, DW Landkamer, L AF Abudalo, R. A. Ryan, J. N. Harvey, R. W. Metge, D. W. Landkamer, L. TI Influence of organic matter on the transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in a ferric oxyhydroxide-coated quartz sand saturated porous medium SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; Oocyst; Transport; Organic matter; Ferric oxyhydroxide; Zeta potential ID HUMIC-ACID ADSORPTION; POINT FLOW CELL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COLLOID TRANSPORT; BANK FILTRATION; IRON-OXIDE; MINERAL SURFACES; IONIC-STRENGTH; PHYSICOCHEMICAL FILTRATION; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY AB To assess the effect of organic matter on the transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in a geochemically heterogeneous saturated porous medium, we measured the breakthrough and collision efficiencies of oocysts as a function of dissolved organic matter concentration in a flow-through column containing ferric oxyhydroxide-coated sand. We characterized the surface properties of the oocysts and ferric oxyhydroxide-coated sand using micro-electrophoresis and streaming potential, respectively, and the amount of organic matter adsorbed on the ferric oxyhydroxide-coated sand as a function of the concentration of dissolved organic matter (a fulvic acid isolated from Florida Everglades water). The dissolved organic matter had no significant effect on the zeta potential of the oocysts. Low concentrations of dissolved organic matter were responsible for reversing the charge of the ferric oxyhydroxide-coated sand surface from positive to negative. The charge reversal and accumulation of negative charge on the ferric oxyhydroxide-coated sand led to increases in oocyst breakthrough and decreases in oocyst collision efficiency with increasing dissolved organic matter concentration. The increase in dissolved organic matter concentration from 0 to 20 mg L(-1) resulted in a two-fold decrease in the collision efficiency. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abudalo, R. A.; Ryan, J. N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Harvey, R. W.; Metge, D. W.; Landkamer, L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Ryan, JN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 428 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rula_abudalo@yahoo.com; joseph.ryan@colorado.edu; rwharvey@usgs.gov; dwmetge@usgs.gov; llandkam@mines.edu RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R826179010, R829010010] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (STAR grants R826179010 and R829010010). The authors thank George Aiken (U.S. Geological Survey) for the Florida Everglades fulvic acid sample. NR 76 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 SI SI BP 1104 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.039 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 568VH UT WOS:000275551300009 PM 19853880 ER PT J AU Metge, DW Harvey, RW Aiken, GR Anders, R Lincoln, G Jasperse, J AF Metge, D. W. Harvey, R. W. Aiken, G. R. Anders, R. Lincoln, G. Jasperse, J. TI Influence of organic carbon loading, sediment associated metal oxide content and sediment grain size distributions upon Cryptosporidium parvum removal during riverbank filtration operations, Sonoma County, CA SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microbial transport; Bank filtration; Cryptosporidium parvum; Fluorescent microspheres; Attachment; Groundwater; NOM; Surfactants; Sediment metal oxides; Flow-through columns ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; COLLOID TRANSPORT; SANDY AQUIFER; ANIONIC SURFACTANTS; BACTERIOPHAGE PRD1; EMERGING PATHOGENS; COMMITTEE REPORT; WATER-TREATMENT; OOCYSTS; MICROSPHERES AB This study assessed the efficacy for removing Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts of poorly sorted, Fe- and Al-rich, subsurface sediments collected from 0.9 to 4.9 and 1.7-13.9 m below land surface at an operating riverbank filtration (RBF) site (Russian River, Sonoma County, CA). Both formaldehyde-killed oocysts and oocyst-sized (3 mu m) microspheres were employed in sediment-packed flow-through and static columns. The degree of surface coverage of metal oxides on sediment grain surfaces correlated strongly with the degrees of oocyst and microsphere removals. In contrast, average grain size (D-50) was not a good indicator of either microsphere or oocyst removal, suggesting that the primary mechanism of immobilization within these sediments is sorptive filtration rather than physical straining. A low specific UV absorbance (SUVA) for organic matter isolated from the Russian River, suggested that the modest concentration of the SUVA component (0.8 mg L-1) of the 2.2 mg L-1 dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is relatively unreactive. Nevertheless, an amendment of 2.2 mg L-1 of isolated river DOC to column sediments resulted in up to a 35.7% decrease in sorption of oocysts and (or) oocyst-sized microspheres. Amendments (3.2 mu M) of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) also caused substantive decreases (up to 31.9 times) in colloid filtration. Although the grain-surface metal oxides were found to have a high colloid-removal capacity, our study suggested that any major changes within the watershed that would result in long-term alterations in either the quantity and (or) the character of the river's DOC could alter the effectiveness of pathogen removal during RBF operations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Metge, D. W.; Harvey, R. W.; Aiken, G. R.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Anders, R.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Lincoln, G.; Jasperse, J.] Sonoma Cty Water Agcy, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA. RP Metge, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM dwmetge@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 SI SI BP 1126 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.033 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 568VH UT WOS:000275551300011 PM 20116824 ER PT J AU Noe, GB Harvey, JW Schaffranek, RW Larsen, LG AF Noe, Gregory B. Harvey, Judson W. Schaffranek, Raymond W. Larsen, Laurel G. TI Controls of Suspended Sediment Concentration, Nutrient Content, and Transport in a Subtropical Wetland SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Entrainment; Everglades; Nitrogen; Particle; Phosphorus ID EVERGLADES NATIONAL-PARK; COASTAL WETLAND; SLOUGH LANDSCAPE; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; WATER; VEGETATION; PARTICLES; REMOVAL; IMPACT; RIDGE AB Redistribution of largely organic sediment from low elevation sloughs to higher elevation ridges is a leading hypothesis for the formation and maintenance of the native ridge and slough landscape pattern found in peat wetlands of the Florida Everglades. We tested this redistribution hypothesis by measuring the concentration and characteristics of suspended sediment and its associated nutrients in the flowpaths of adjacent ridge and slough plant communities. Over two wet seasons we found no sustained differences in suspended sediment mass concentrations, particle-associated P and N concentrations, or sizes of suspended particles between ridge and slough sites. Discharge of suspended sediment, particulate nutrients, and solutes were nearly double in the slough flowpath compared to the ridge flowpath due solely to deeper and faster water flow in sloughs. Spatial and temporal variations in suspended sediment were not related to water velocity, consistent with a hypothesis that the critical sheer stress causing entrainment is not commonly exceeded in the present-day managed Everglades. The uniformity in the concentrations and characteristics of suspended sediment at our research site suggests that sediment and particulate nutrient redistribution between ridges and sloughs does not occur, or rarely occurs, in the modern Everglades. C1 [Noe, Gregory B.; Harvey, Judson W.; Schaffranek, Raymond W.; Larsen, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM gnoe@usgs.gov RI Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 FU Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program; USGS; Canon National Parks Science Scholarship FX We thank Dan Nowacki, Jennifer O'Reilly, Ami Riscassi, Joel Detty, and Leanna Westfall for their assistance with field and laboratory work, and Forrest Dierberg, Kurt Kowalski, and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was funded by the Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program and National Research Program of the USGS and a Canon National Parks Science Scholarship to LGL. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s13157-009-0002-5 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569ZX UT WOS:000275642500004 ER PT J AU Little, AM Guntenspergen, GR Allen, TFH AF Little, Amanda M. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. Allen, Timothy F. H. TI Conceptual Hierarchical Modeling to Describe Wetland Plant Community Organization SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Coastal peatland; Microtopography; Patch size; Scale; Sedge meadow; Sphagnum ID WATER CHEMISTRY; SPHAGNUM-BOGS; VEGETATION; PATTERN; DYNAMICS; SCALE; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSCAPES; GRADIENTS; PEATLAND AB Using multivariate analysis, we created a hierarchical modeling process that describes how differently-scaled environmental factors interact to affect wetland-scale plant community organization in a system of small, isolated wetlands on Mount Desert Island, Maine. We followed the procedure: 1) delineate wetland groups using cluster analysis, 2) identify differently scaled environmental gradients using non-metric multidimensional scaling, 3) order gradient hierarchical levels according to spatiotemporal scale of fluctuation, and 4) assemble hierarchical model using group relationships with ordination axes and post-hoc tests of environmental differences. Using this process, we determined 1) large wetland size and poor surface water chemistry led to the development of shrub fen wetland vegetation, 2) Sphagnum and water chemistry differences affected fen vs. marsh/sedge meadows status within small wetlands, and 3) small-scale hydrologic differences explained transitions between forested vs. non-forested and marsh vs. sedge meadow vegetation. This hierarchical modeling process can help explain how upper level contextual processes constrain biotic community response to lower-level environmental changes. It creates models with more nuanced spatiotemporal complexity than classification and regression tree procedures. Using this process, wetland scientists will be able to generate more generalizable theories of plant community organization, and useful management models. C1 [Little, Amanda M.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Biol, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Allen, Timothy F. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Little, AM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Stout, Dept Biol, POB 790, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. EM littlea@uwstout.edu FU US Geological Survey's Natural Resources Preservation Program; Hilary Neckles; US Geological Survey SCEP program; University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Botany; Society of Wetland Scientists FX This research was funded by the US Geological Survey's Natural Resources Preservation Program grant to GG and Hilary Neckles. We thank the US Geological Survey SCEP program, the University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Botany, and the Society of Wetland Scientists for support to AL. David Manski, Bill Gawley, Bruce Connery, Karen Anderson, and Brook Childrey at Acadia National Park provided logistical, laboratory, GIS, and archival support. Christie Peschka, Megan Gahl, Liz Willey, Anna Kettel, Matt Kuchta, and Adam Flaaten helped collect field data. John Pastor, Charles Canham, and several anonymous reviewers made very helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s13157-009-0010-5 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569ZX UT WOS:000275642500005 ER PT J AU Miller, RL Fujii, R AF Miller, Robin L. Fujii, Roger TI Plant community, primary productivity, and environmental conditions following wetland re-establishment in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Freshwater wetland; Emergent marsh; Primary productivity; Biomass; Typha; Schoenoplectus acutus ID AERIAL PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PRIMARY PRODUCTION NAPP; WATER-DEPTH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; ESTUARINE ANGIOSPERMS; EMERGENT MACROPHYTES; CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE; TYPHA-ANGUSTIFOLIA; SCIRPUS-MARITIMUS; SEASONAL PATTERNS AB Wetland restoration can mitigate aerobic decomposition of subsided organic soils, as well as re-establish conditions favorable for carbon storage. Rates of carbon storage result from the balance of inputs and losses, both of which are affected by wetland hydrology. We followed the effect of water depth (25 and 55 cm) on the plant community, primary production, and changes in two re-established wetlands in the Sacramento San-Joaquin River Delta, California for 9 years after flooding to determine how relatively small differences in water depth affect carbon storage rates over time. To estimate annual carbon inputs, plant species cover, standing above- and below-ground plant biomass, and annual biomass turnover rates were measured, and allometric biomass models for Schoenoplectus (Scirpus) acutus and Typha spp., the emergent marsh dominants, were developed. As the wetlands developed, environmental factors, including water temperature, depth, and pH were measured. Emergent marsh vegetation colonized the shallow wetland more rapidly than the deeper wetland. This is important to potential carbon storage because emergent marsh vegetation is more productive, and less labile, than submerged and floating vegetation. Primary production of emergent marsh vegetation ranged from 1.3 to 3.2 kg of carbon per square meter annually; and, mid-season standing live biomass represented about half of the annual primary production. Changes in species composition occurred in both submerged and emergent plant communities as the wetlands matured. Water depth, temperature, and pH were lower in areas with emergent marsh vegetation compared to submerged vegetation, all of which, in turn, can affect carbon cycling and storage rates. C1 [Miller, Robin L.; Fujii, Roger] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Miller, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM romiller@usgs.gov FU California Department of Water Resources FX We owe great thanks to the California Department of Water Resources for long-term funding of this long-term research project. And, we would like to specially thank Lauren Hastings for her hard work getting the project started. Also, thanks to the many people who helped with data collection and site maintenance and repair on this study over all the years. Finally, thanks to Allison Brown, Lisa Marie Windham Myers, and the reviewers for Wetlands, Ecology, and Management for their helpful comments and suggestions for this manuscript. It is all greatly appreciated. NR 76 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s11273-009-9143-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 546FV UT WOS:000273797500001 ER PT J AU Day, JMD Walker, RJ James, OB Puchtel, IS AF Day, James M. D. Walker, Richard J. James, Odette B. Puchtel, Igor S. TI Osmium isotope and highly siderophile element systematics of the lunar crust SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Moon; lunar crust; highly siderophile elements; Os isotopes; Earth-Moon system ID IMPACT-MELT BRECCIAS; FERROAN ANORTHOSITE-60025; LATE ACCRETION; GIANT IMPACT; UPPER-MANTLE; MOON; ORIGIN; CONSTRAINTS; METEORITES; PETROGENESIS AB Coupled Os-187/Os-188 and highly siderophile element (HSE: Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd, and Re) abundance data are reported for pristine lunar crustal rocks 60025, 62255, 65315 (ferroan anorthosites, FAN) and 76535, 78235, 77215 and a norite clast in 15455 (magnesian-suite rocks, MGS). Osmium isotopes permit more refined discrimination than previously possible of samples that have been contaminated by meteoritic additions and the new results show that some rocks, previously identified as pristine, contain meteorite-derived HSE. Low HSE abundances in FAN and MGS rocks are consistent with derivation from a strongly HSE-depleted lunar mantle. At the time of formation, the lunar floatation crust, represented by FAN, had 1.4 +/- 0.3 pg g(-1) Os, 1.5 +/- 0.6 pg g(-1) Ir, 6.8 +/- 2.7 pg g(-1) Ru, 16 +/- 15 pg g(-1) Pt,33 +/- 30 pg g(-1) Pd and 0.29 +/- 0.10 pg g(-1) Re (similar to 0.00002 x Cl) and Re/Os ratios that were modestly elevated (Re-187/Os-188 = 0.6 to 1.7) relative to Cl chondrites. MGS samples are, on average, characterised by more elevated HSE abundances (similar to 0.00007 x Cl) compared with FAN. This either reflects contrasting mantle-source HSE characteristics of FAN and MGS rocks, or different mantle-crust HSE fractionation behaviour during production of these lithologies. Previous studies of lunar impact-melt rocks have identified possible elevated Ru and Pd in lunar crustal target rocks. The new results provide no supporting evidence for such enrichments. If maximum estimates for HSE in the lunar mantle are compared with FAN and MGS averages, crust-mantle concentration ratios (D-values) must be <= 0.3. Such D-values are broadly similar to those estimated for partitioning between the terrestrial crust and upper mantle, with the notable exception of Re.Given the presumably completely different mode of origin for the primary lunar floatation crust and tertiary terrestrial continental crust, the potential similarities in crust-mantle HSE partitioning for the Earth and Moon are somewhat surprising. Low HSE abundances in the lunar crust, coupled with estimates of HSE concentrations in the lunar mantle implies there may be a 'missing component' of late-accreted materials (as much as 95%) to the Moon if the Earth/Moon mass-flux estimates are correct and terrestrial mantle HSE abundances were established by late accretion. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Day, James M. D.; Walker, Richard J.; Puchtel, Igor S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [James, Odette B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Day, JMD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jamesday@geol.umd.edu RI Day, James/A-5099-2010; Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016 OI Day, James/0000-0001-9520-3465; Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407 FU NASA Astrobiology [NNG04GJ49A]; Cosmo-chemistry programs [NNX07AM29G; W-10, 252] FX We are indebted to CAPTEM and the NASA JSC curatorial facilities for provision of samples analyzed in this study and to Tetsuya Yokoyama and John Morgan for fruitful discussions. Constructive review comments from Marc Norman, Randy Korotev and Editor Rick Carlson helped improve the manuscript. This work was supported by funding from the NASA Astrobiology (NNG04GJ49A) and Cosmo-chemistry programs (NNX07AM29G; W-10, 252). These sources of funding are gratefully acknowledged. NR 71 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2010 VL 289 IS 3-4 BP 595 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.001 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 553FH UT WOS:000274351000027 ER PT J AU Thurston, RS Mandernack, KW Shanks, WC AF Thurston, Roland S. Mandernack, Kevin W. Shanks, Wayne C., III TI Laboratory chalcopyrite oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Oxygen and sulfur isotope fractionation SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chalcopyrite; Metal sulfide oxidation; Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans; Acid mine drainage; Oxygen isotope fractionation; Sulfur isotope fractionation ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; PYRITE OXIDATION; SULFIDE MINERALS; BACTERIAL OXIDATION; SULFATE; SURFACE; GEOCHEMISTRY; THIOOXIDANS; CHEMISTRY AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to simulate chalcopyrite oxidation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions in the absence or presence of the bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Experiments were carried out with 3 different oxygen isotope values of water (delta(18)O(H2O)) so that approach to equilibrium or steady-state isotope fractionation for different starting conditions could be evaluated. The contribution of dissolved O(2) and water-derived oxygen to dissolved sulfate formed by chalcopyrite oxidation was unambiguously resolved during the aerobic experiments. Aerobic oxidation of chalcopyrite showed 93 +/- 1% incorporation of water oxygen into the resulting sulfate during the biological experiments. Anaerobic experiments showed similar percentages of water oxygen incorporation into sulfate, but were more variable. The experiments also allowed determination of sulfate-water oxygen isotope fractionation, epsilon(18)O(SO4-H2O), of similar to 3.8%. for the anaerobic experiments. Aerobic oxidation produced apparent epsilon(SO4)-(H2O) values (6.4%.) higher than the anaerobic experiments, possibly due to additional incorporation of dissolved O(2) into sulfate. delta(34)S(SO4) values are similar to 4%. lower than the parent sulfide mineral during anaerobic oxidation of chalcopyrite, with no significant difference between abiotic and biological processes. For the aerobic experiments, a small depletion in delta(34)S(SO4) of similar to-1.5 +/- 0.2%. was observed for the biological experiments. Fewer solids precipitated during oxidation under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions, which may account for the observed differences in sulfur isotope fractionation under these contrasting conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thurston, Roland S.; Mandernack, Kevin W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Thurston, Roland S.; Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mandernack, KW (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kmandern@mines.edu RI Usher, Kayley/F-7342-2011 NR 60 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 30 PY 2010 VL 269 IS 3-4 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.10.001 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 558SX UT WOS:000274767600007 ER PT J AU Hill, MC AF Hill, Mary C. TI Comment on "Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction" by John Doherty and Randall J. Hunt SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Model discrimination; Sensitivity analysis; Singular value decomposition; Parameter null-space; Uncertainty; First-order-second moment (FOSM) analysis ID GROUND-WATER MODELS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; VIRUS TRANSPORT; FLOW; CALIBRATION; SYSTEM AB Doherty and Hunt (2009) present important ideas for first-order-second moment sensitivity analysis, but five issues are discussed in this comment. First, considering the composite-scaled sensitivity (CSS) jointly with parameter correlation coefficients (PCC) in a CSS/PCC analysis addresses the difficulties with CSS mentioned in the introduction. Second, their new parameter identifiability statistic actually is likely to do a poor job of parameter identifiability in common situations. The statistic instead performs the very useful role of showing how model parameters are included in the estimated singular value decomposition (SVD) parameters. Its close relation to CSS is shown. Third, the idea from p. 125 that a suitable truncation point for SVD parameters can be identified using the prediction variance is challenged using results from Moore and Doherty (2005). Fourth, the relative error reduction statistic of Doherty and Hunt is shown to belong to an emerging set of statistics here named perturbed calculated variance statistics. Finally, the perturbed calculated variance statistics OPR and PPR mentioned on p. 121 are shown to explicitly include the parameter null-space component of uncertainty. Indeed, OPR and PPR results that account for null-space uncertainty have appeared in the literature since 2000. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM mchill@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 30 PY 2010 VL 380 IS 3-4 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 555GO UT WOS:000274497100021 ER PT J AU Doherty, J Hunt, RJ AF Doherty, John Hunt, Randall J. TI Response to Comment on "Two statistics for evaluating parameter identifiability and error reduction" SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROUNDWATER MODEL CALIBRATION; INVERSION C1 [Hunt, Randall J.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Doherty, John] Watermark Numer Comp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Doherty, John] Flinders Univ S Australia, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM johndoherty@ozemail.com.au; rjhunt@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 30 PY 2010 VL 380 IS 3-4 BP 489 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 555GO UT WOS:000274497100022 ER PT J AU Demers, JD Driscoll, CT Shanley, JB AF Demers, Jason D. Driscoll, Charles T. Shanley, James B. TI Mercury mobilization and episodic stream acidification during snowmelt: Role of hydrologic flow paths, source areas, and supply of dissolved organic carbon SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ACID-NEUTRALIZING CAPACITY; SURFACE-WATER CHEMISTRY; HUBBARD-BROOK; NEW-YORK; ADIRONDACK LAKES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NORTH-AMERICA; METHYLMERCURY CONCENTRATIONS AB We quantified hydrologic source areas and flow paths, acid-base and aluminum chemistry, dissolved organic carbon dynamics, and mercury mobilization during snowmelt at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), New Hampshire, USA. Here we show (1) episodic acidification during snowmelt at the HBEF is controlled by multiple mechanisms (base cation dilution, nitrate and aluminum acidity, and natural organic acids) and persists despite long-term decreases in acidic deposition; (2) episodic acidification continues to result in mobilization of inorganic monomeric aluminum to concentrations toxic to fish; (3) DOC mobilized from shallow organic soils during snowmelt results in the mobilization of mercury from these same sources; (4) methyl mercury may be produced in the forest floor over winter and flushed from soils during snowmelt; (5) the amount of mercury released during snowmelt likely represents a large portion of annual mercury export; and (6) hydrologic source areas and flow paths, as well as DOC dynamics, strongly influence episodic acidification and the mobilization of mercury, even in a watershed with low stream water DOC concentrations and export. C1 [Demers, Jason D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Demers, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1100 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jdemers@umich.edu RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014 FU Cornell University; NSF Long-Term Ecological Research [46222-7759] FX We thank Janet Towse for assistance in the field and Mario Montesdeoca for technical laboratory support. The USDA Forest Service has provided hydrologic and climatic data, and their support has been invaluable to this study. This research was supported with funding from the Small Grants Program within the NSF IGERT Program in Biogeochemistry and Environmental Biocomplexity at Cornell University and the NSF Long-Term Ecological Research (46222-7759) program at Hubbard Brook. Some data used in this publication were obtained by scientists of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study; this publication has not been reviewed by those scientists. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is operated and maintained by the Northern Research Station, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Newton Square, Pennsylvania. NR 93 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 27 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W01511 DI 10.1029/2008WR007021 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 550NJ UT WOS:000274134400001 ER PT J AU Rocke, TE Barker, I AF Rocke, Tonie E. Barker, Ian TI Proposed link between paralytic syndrome and thiamine deficiency in Swedish gulls not substantiated SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID C BOTULISM C1 [Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Barker, Ian] Univ Guelph, Canadian Cooperat Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Dept Pathobiol, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM trocke@usgs.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 26 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 4 BP E14 EP E14 DI 10.1073/pnas.0912119107 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 548OQ UT WOS:000273974600004 PM 20133884 ER PT J AU Saylor, RK Miller, DL Vandersea, MW Bevelhimer, MS Schofield, PJ Bennett, WA AF Saylor, Ryan K. Miller, Debra L. Vandersea, Mark W. Bevelhimer, Mark S. Schofield, Pamela J. Bennett, Wayne A. TI Epizootic ulcerative syndrome caused by Aphanomyces invadans in captive bullseye snakehead Channa marulius collected from south Florida, USA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Epizootic ulcerative syndrome; Mycotic dermatitis; Mycotic myositis; Non-native fish species; Oomycete; Water mold ID ATLANTIC MENHADEN; UNITED-STATES; FISH; MYCOSIS; PATHOGENICITY; DISEASE; ESTUARINE; LESIONS; FUNGI AB Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces invadans is an invasive, opportunistic disease of both freshwater and estuarine fishes. Originally documented as the cause of mycotic granulomatosis of ornamental fishes in Japan and as the cause of EUS of fishes in southeast Asia and Australia, this pathogen is also present in estuaries and freshwater bodies of the Atlantic and gulf coasts of the USA. We describe a mass mortality event of 343 captive juvenile bulls-eye snakehead Channa marulius collected from freshwater canals in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Clinical signs appeared within the first 2 d of captivity and included petechiae, ulceration, erratic swimming, and inappetence. Histological examination revealed hyphae invading from the skin lesions deep into the musculature and internal organs. Species identification was confirmed using a species-specific PCR assay. Despite therapeutic attempts, 100%, mortality occurred. This represents the first documented case of EUS in bullseye snakehead fish collected from waters in the USA. Future investigation of the distribution and prevalence of A. invadans within the bullseye snakehead range in south Florida may give insight into this pathogen-host system. C1 [Miller, Debra L.] Univ Georgia, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Saylor, Ryan K.; Bennett, Wayne A.] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Vandersea, Mark W.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bevelhimer, Mark S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Schofield, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Vet Diagnost & Invest Lab, 43 Brighton Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM millerdl@uga.edu OI Miller, Debra/0000-0002-8544-174X FU Department of Biology and Research [164053, 2008-003] FX We thank P. L. Shafland and the electrofishing crew of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Non-native Species Research Laboratory, in Boca Raton, Florida, for collection of and information on juvenile bullseye snakeheads (FWC Permit # ESC Possession 0814). We also thank the Department of Biology and Research and Sponsored Programs for supporting and funding (Grant #164053; IACUC #2008-003) research on bullseye snakehead as well as their transport from south Florida, Finally, we thank the staff of the University of Georgia Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory for help in sample processing, especially D, Rousey, K, Bridges, and M. Gandy. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 25 PY 2010 VL 88 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.3354/dao02158 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 557DG UT WOS:000274648400009 PM 20225678 ER PT J AU Shinneman, DJ Cornett, MW Palik, BJ AF Shinneman, Douglas J. Cornett, Meredith W. Palik, Brian J. TI Simulating restoration strategies for a southern boreal forest landscape with complex land ownership patterns SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest restoration; Fire regime; Timber harvest; Disturbance interactions; Forest landscape simulation model; LANDIS-II ID WATERS CANOE AREA; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; SPATIAL SIMULATION; FIRE SUPPRESSION; MULTIPLE SCALES; MINNESOTA; USA AB Restoring altered forest landscapes toward their ranges of natural variability (RNV) may enhance ecosystem sustainability and resiliency, but such efforts can be hampered by complex land ownership and management patterns. We evaluated restoration potential for southern-boreal forests in the similar to 2.1 million ha Border Lakes Region of northern Minnesota (U.S.A.) and Ontario (Canada), where spatially distinct timber harvest and fire suppression histories have differentially altered forest conditions (composition, age-class distribution, and landscape structure) among major management areas, effectively resulting in forest landscape "bifurcation." We used a forest landscape simulation model to evaluate potential for four hypothetical management and two natural disturbance scenarios to restore forest conditions and reduce bifurcation. including: (1) a current management scenario that simulated timber harvest and fire suppression practices among major landowners; (2) three restoration scenarios that simulated combinations of wildland fire use and cross-boundary timber harvest designed to emulate natural disturbance patterns; (3) a historical natural disturbance scenario that simulated pre-EuroAmerican settlement fire regimes and windthrow; and (4) a contemporary fire regime that simulated fire suppression, but no timber harvest. Forest composition and landscape structure for a 200-year model period were compared among scenarios, among major land management regions within scenarios, and to six RNV benchmarks. The current management scenario met only one RNV benchmark and did not move forest composition, age-class distribution, or landscape structures toward the RNV, and it increased forest landscape bifurcation between primarily timber-managed and wilderness areas. The historical natural disturbance scenario met five RNV benchmarks and the restoration scenarios as many as five, by generally restoring forest composition, age-class distributions, and landscape structures, and reducing bifurcation of forest conditions. The contemporary natural disturbance scenario met only one benchmark and generally created a forest landscape dominated by large patches of late-successional, fire-prone forests. Some forest types (e.g., white and red pine) declined in all scenarios, despite simulated restoration strategies. It may not be possible to achieve all objectives under a single management scenario, and complications, such as fire-risk, may limit strategies. However, our model suggests that timber harvest and fire regimes that emulate natural disturbance patterns can move forest landscapes toward the RNV. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shinneman, Douglas J.; Cornett, Meredith W.] Nature Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Shinneman, Douglas J.; Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Shinneman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dshinneman@usgs.gov FU U.S. Forest Service National Fire Plan; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station; Nature Conservancy; Minnesota Forest Resources Council; U.S. Geological Survey-Forest; Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center FX Funding was largely provided by the U.S. Forest Service National Fire Plan. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, The Nature Conservancy, and the Minnesota Forest Resources Council. We thank Casey Souder for substantial GIS and modeling contributions, and Joe Fargione, Peter Kareiva, Patricia Zaradic, and Jeff Walk for their valuable reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript. We also appreciate additional support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey-Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. NR 85 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 25 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 3 BP 446 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.042 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 548SG UT WOS:000273986000025 ER PT J AU Ju, S DeAngelis, DL AF Ju, Shu DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Nutrient fluxes at the landscape level and the R* rule SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Nutrient cycling; Tree growth; Vegetation modeling; Wetlands; Tree islands ID EVERGLADES; ENRICHMENT AB Nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems involves not only the vertical recycling of nutrients at specific locations in space, but also biologically driven horizontal fluxes between different areas of the landscape. This latter process can result in net accumulation of nutrients in some places and net losses in others. We examined the effects of such nutrient-concentrating fluxes on the R* rule, which predicts that the species that can survive in steady state at the lowest level of limiting resource, R*, can exclude all competing species. To study the R* rule in this context, we used a literature model of plant growth and nutrient cycling in which both nutrients and light may limit growth, with plants allocating carbon and nutrients between foliage and roots according to different strategies. We incorporated the assumption that biological processes may concentrate nutrients in some parts of the landscape. We assumed further that these processes draw nutrients from outside the zone of local recycling at a rate proportional to the local biomass density. Analysis showed that at sites where there is a sufficient biomass-dependent accumulation of nutrients, the plant species with the highest biomass production rates (roughly corresponding to the best competitors) do not reduce locally available nutrients to a minimum concentration level (that is, minimum R*), as expected from the R* rule, but instead maximize local nutrient concentration. These new results require broadening of our understanding of the relationships between nutrients and vegetation competition on the landscape level. The R* rule is replaced by a more complex criterion that varies across a landscape and reduces to the R* rule only under certain limiting conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ju, Shu; DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem; University of Miami FX We thank two U.S. Geological Survey reviewers, Drs. Laurel Larsen and James Grace, as well and Drs. Robert D. Holt and John Pastor, for their helpful comments. DLD was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, and by the USGS's Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem funding. We appreciate the help of Jiang Jiang (U. of Miami) with figures. Shu Ju was supported by a University of Miami Art and Sciences Dissertation Award Fellowship. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.003 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544CF UT WOS:000273628800002 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Sensitivity analysis of North American bird population estimates SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Fourier amplitude sensitivity test; Monte Carlo randomization; North American Landbird Conservation; Plan; Uncertainty ID COUPLED REACTION SYSTEMS; SEASONAL PATTERNS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; DIURNAL PATTERNS; SINGING ACTIVITY; POINT COUNTS; UNCERTAINTIES; WARBLERS; MODELS; TIME AB The Partners in Flight North American Landbird Conservation Plan provided estimates of population sizes for 448 landbird species using a multiplicative model. Input parameters in this calculation included the area of state x Bird Conservation Region polygons, area-specific mean Breeding Bird Survey counts circa 1995, and adjustment factors for the distance over which species may presumably be correctly counted, the assumed pairing of singing males with non-singing females, and variability in the propensity of birds to sing over the course of the survey day. I assessed the sensitivity of this population calculation to changes in the input parameters. I assessed both local and global sensitivity of the model to changes in the parameters with Monte Carlo one-at-a-time simulations and the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST). Monte Carlo simulations were an estimate of local model sensitivity whereas FAST estimated global model sensitivity, accommodating the potential shared variance between model parameters. Monte Carlo simulations suggested population estimates were 39% more sensitive to changes in the detection distance adjustment than to the other parameters; the other parameters were nearly equal in their contribution to model sensitivity. Conversely, FAST analysis determined that each of the input variables aside from the pair adjustment provided roughly equal contributions to variability in population estimates. The most efficient means for improving continental population estimates for birds surveyed by the Breeding Bird Survey will be through increased scrutiny of the species-specific distance detection and time-of-day adjustments and improved understanding in the spatial and temporal variability in the mean Breeding Bird Survey count. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), USGS Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 2 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.09.013 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544CF UT WOS:000273628800006 ER PT J AU Daraio, JA Weber, LJ Newton, TJ Nestler, JM AF Daraio, Joseph A. Weber, Larry J. Newton, Teresa J. Nestler, John M. TI A methodological framework for integrating computational fluid dynamics and ecological models applied to juvenile freshwater mussel dispersal in the Upper Mississippi River SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ecohydraulics; Unionid; Integrated reference frameworks; CFD; Dispersal ID HYDRAULIC FLOW SIMULATION; AGENT METHOD ELAM; SETTLING VELOCITY; PARTICLE-TRACKING; FALL-VELOCITY; PHYSICAL HABITAT; CHESAPEAKE BAY; FISH PASSAGE; STOKES-LAW; TURBULENT AB Interdisciplinary research in hydraulics and ecology for river management and restoration must integrate processes that occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, which presents a challenge to ecohydraulics modelers. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are being more widely used to determine flow fields for ecohydraulics applications. In the Upper Mississippi River (UMR), the mussel dynamics model was developed as a tool for management and conservation of freshwater mussels (Unionidae), which are benthic organisms, imperiled in North America, that are inextricably linked with the hydraulics of river flow. We updated the juvenile dispersal component of the mussel dynamics model by using stochastic Lagrangian particle tracking in a three dimensional flow field output from CFD models of reaches in the UMR. We developed a methodological framework to integrate hydrodynamic data with the mussel dynamics model, and we demonstrate the use of the juvenile dispersal model employed within the methodological framework in two reaches of the UMR. The method was used to test the hypothesis that impoundment affects the relationship of some hydraulic parameters with juvenile settling distribution. Simulation results were consistent with this hypothesis, and the relationships of bed shear stress and Froude number with juvenile settling were altered by impoundment most likely through effects on local hydraulics. The methodological framework is robust, integrates Eulerian and Lagrangian reference frameworks, and incorporates processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, from watershed scale hydrologic processes (decades), to reach scale (km) processes that occur over hours or days, and turbulent processes on spatial scales of meter to millimeter and times scales of seconds. The methods are presently being used to assess the impacts of pre- and early post-settlement processes on mussel distributions, including the effects of bed shear stress, and the sensitivity of the location of the host fish when juveniles excyst, on juvenile settling distribution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Daraio, Joseph A.; Weber, Larry J.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab 100C, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Newton, Teresa J.] Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, USGS, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Nestler, John M.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Daraio, JA (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Management Utilizat & Protect Water Resources, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM joseph.a.daraio@gmail.com OI Daraio, Joe/0000-0001-5591-4465; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 FU IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering FX This research was funded by IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering. The authors would like to thank George Constantinescu, Mark Ecker, Keri Hornbuckle, Brian Ickes, Jeff Steuer, and Steve Zigler for valuable input over the course of this research. Our work would not have been possible without the previous efforts of Andy McCoy, Yenory Morales, and Nate Young. We also thank Yenory and three anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism and comments on the manuscript. Product names are provided for informational purposes only and do not represent an endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. NR 88 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 2 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.008 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544CF UT WOS:000273628800009 ER PT J AU Ackleh, AS Carter, J Cole, L Nguyen, T Monte, J Pettit, C AF Ackleh, Azmy S. Carter, Jacoby Cole, Lauren Nguyen, Tom Monte, Jay Pettit, Claire TI Measuring and modeling the seasonal changes of an urban Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea) population SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Anuran population; Capture-mark-recapture; Statistical population estimates; Stage structured model; Model-to-data fits; Extinction probability; Intra-annual fluctuations ID FROG; SURVIVAL; AMPHIBIANS; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; TADPOLES; CLIMATE; FLORIDA; TRAITS; SIZE AB Green Treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) were captured, marked, measured and released at an urban study site in Lafayette, LA, during the 2004 and 2005 breeding seasons. A statistical method based on a generalization of the hypergeometric distribution was used to derive weekly time-series estimates of the population sizes. To describe the population dynamics, a stage structured mathematical model was developed and compared to time-series obtained from the weekly population estimates study using a least-squares approach. Two fitting experiments were done: (1) Using uniform distribution for the birth rate during the breeding season; (2) Using a birth rate distributed according to weekly data on frog calling intensity. Although both model-to-data fits look very promising during the years 2004 and 2005 and result in similar inherent survivorship rates for the tadpoles, juvenile and adult frogs, the fit that uses the calling data predicts a lower number of tadpoles and frogs in the long term than the one that uses uniform birth distribution. The parameter estimates resulting from these fitting experiments are used in the context of stochastic simulations to derive extinction and persistence probabilities for this population. Due to the oscillatory dynamics (with high amplitude) evidenced by the capture-recapture data and corroborated by the model, it is suggested that anuran monitoring efforts should take into account the natural intra-annual variation in population size. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ackleh, Azmy S.; Nguyen, Tom; Monte, Jay; Pettit, Claire] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Carter, Jacoby] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Cole, Lauren] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Ackleh, AS (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM ackleh@louisiana.edu FU National Science Foundation [DUE-0531915, DMS-0718465] FX We would like to thank two anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions which led to this improved version of the manuscript. This research has been supported by National Science Foundation under grant #DUE-0531915. The research of A.S. Ackleh has been also supported by the National Science Foundation under grant #DMS-0718465. We are very thankful to Seth Boudreaux, Sam Karhbet, Sharmila Pathikonda, and Lanminh Pham for providing helping hands in capturing H. cinerea. We also would like to acknowledge the assistance of S. Merino, the support of C. Cordes, and the facilities management teams of the NWRC and ECFRC. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.012 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544CF UT WOS:000273628800016 ER PT J AU Carpenter, DR Chong, GW AF Carpenter, Donald R. Chong, Geneva W. TI Patterns in the aggregate stability of Mancos Shale derived soils SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Biological soil crust; Field Soil Aggregate Stability Test; Gunnison Gorge National Conservation Area; Slake test ID PLANT COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS; RANGELAND; ERODIBILITY; DEGRADATION; GRASSLAND; QUALITY; EROSION; USA AB Salt and sediment contributions to the Colorado River and its tributaries pose economic and environmental concerns for the United States and Mexico. Land use decisions promoting the aggregation of Mancos Shale derived soils are one way to reduce the transportation of salts and sediments to water resources. We used a simple field test of soil aggregate stability to determine the site characteristics influencing the soil stability of sedimentary marine shale in the Gunnison Gorge National Conservation Area in Southwestern Colorado. Ninety-six I m 2 plots were intensively sampled to explore relationships between soil stability and the biological, chemical and physical site characteristics. Analysis of variance showed decreased soil stability when erosion features were present at a sample location suggesting the applicability of stability test results to the erosion potential of Mancos Shale derived soils (p = 0.02). Analysis using generalized linear models with a negative binomial distribution and non-parametric regression tree models determined that the best predictor variable for soil stability was the percent cover of visible biological soil crust. Identifying the importance of biological soil crust in the stabilization of Mancos Shale soils is important for land use planning because biological soil crusts respond to changes in land use. The results of this study lead to improved interpretation of the field soil stability test and may assist in the definition of important ecological or functional thresholds in many and and semiarid environments. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Carpenter, Donald R.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chong, Geneva W.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. RP Carpenter, DR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM doncarp@nrel.colostate.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX Funding for this project was provided by a variety of programs administered by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. We would like to thank Richard I. Grauch, Juli Fahy, John G. Elliott, Jim Herring, John J. Kosovich, Keith E. Livo, Lisa L Stillings, Michele L.W. Tuttle, Paul Vonguerard, Armanda Arechiga, Cyrus Berry, Heidi Hadley, Darby Livingston, Ian Macdonald, Ian Roblee-Hertzmark, Bridget Ball, Sara Simonson and Rick Shory for making this project possible. The staff at the Bureau of Land Management Uncompahgre Field Office in Montrose Colorado, particularly Karen Tucker, Jim Ferguson, Dennis Murphy and Amanda Clements provided invaluable expertise and support. We thank Philip Chapman for statistical guidance and John Stednick, Greg Butters, Catherine Jarnevich, Paul Evangelista and anonymous reviewers for greatly improving this manuscript. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 80 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2009.09.001 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 531GO UT WOS:000272652500007 ER PT J AU Stillings, LL Poulson, SR AF Stillings, Lisa L. Poulson, Simon R. TI Rates of geochemical processes and their application to natural systems Preface SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stillings, Lisa L.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Poulson, Simon R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn MS 172, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Stillings, LL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, MS-176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM stilling@usgs.gova NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 269 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.12.015 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 559YW UT WOS:000274869700001 ER PT J AU Poulson, SR Sullivan, AB AF Poulson, Simon R. Sullivan, Annett B. TI Assessment of diel chemical and isotopic techniques to investigate biogeochemical cycles in the upper Klamath River, Oregon, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diel; Cycle; Dissolved; Oxygen; Carbon; Isotopes ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; SURFICIAL OXYGEN-TRANSFER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; COMMUNITY RESPIRATION; AQUATIC METABOLISM; GAS TRANSFER; FRESH-WATER; LAKE-ERIE; FRACTIONATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The upper Klamath River experiences a cyanobacterial algal bloom and poor water quality during the summer. Diel chemical and isotopic techniques have been employed in order to investigate the rates of biogeochemical processes. Four diel measurements of field parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and alkalinity) and stable isotope compositions (dissolved oxygen-delta(18)O and dissolved inorganic carbon-delta(13)C) have been performed between June 2007 and August 2008. Significant diel variations of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and DO-delta(18)O were observed, due to varying rates of primary productivity vs. respiration vs. gas exchange with air. Diel cycles are generally similar to those previously observed in river systems, although there are also differences compared to previous studies. In large part, these different diel signatures are the result of the low turbulence of the upper Klamath River. Observed changes in the diel signatures vs. sampling date reflect the evolution of the status of the algal bloom over the course of the summer. Results indicate the potential utility of applying diel chemical and stable isotope techniques to investigate the rates of biogeochemical cycles in slow-moving rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, but also illustrate the increased complexity of stable isotope dynamics in these low-turbulence systems compared to well-mixed aquatic systems. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Poulson, Simon R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn MS 172, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sullivan, Annett B.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Poulson, SR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn MS 172, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM poulson@mines.unr.edu FU NSF [EAR-0738912]; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Geological Survey FX This research has been supported by funding from NSF grant EAR-0738912, from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and from the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of the provisional data from the mid-river sonde deployed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is gratefully acknowledged. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscript has benefited from reviews by Stephen Hinkle, David Nimick, Steve Silva and an anonymous reviewer. The authors are extremely grateful to Tim Drever for his wise guidance, infectious enthusiasm, boundless energy, and collegial camaraderie that they both enjoyed during their time at the University of Wyoming, as a post-doctoral researcher (SRP) and as a PhD graduate student (ABS). NR 39 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 269 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.016 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 559YW UT WOS:000274869700002 ER PT J AU Sullivan, AB Snyder, DM Rounds, SA AF Sullivan, Annett B. Snyder, Dean M. Rounds, Stewart A. TI Controls on biochemical oxygen demand in the upper Klamath River, Oregon SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biochemical oxygen demand; Klamath River; Organic matter; Dissolved oxygen ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; GREEN ALGAL CELLS; MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION; EUTROPHIC LAKE; DYNAMICS; PHYTOPLANKTON; MATTER; REACTIVITY; LABILITY; MODEL AB A series of 30-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) experiments were conducted on water column samples from a reach of the upper Klamath River that experiences hypoxia and anoxia in summer. Samples were incubated with added nitrification inhibitor to measure carbonaceous BOD (CBOD), untreated to measure total BOD, which included demand from nitrogenous BOD (NBOD), and coarse-filtered to examine the effect of removing large particulate matter. All BOD data were fit well with a two-group model, so named because it considered contributions from both labile and refractory pools of carbon: BOD(t) = a(1) (1 - e(-a0t)) + a(2)t, Site-average labile first-order decay rates a(0) ranged from 0.15 to 0.22/day for CBOD and 0.11 to 0.29/day for BOD. Site-average values of refractory zero-order decay rates a(2) ranged from 0.13 to 0.25 mg/L/day for CBOD and 0.01 to 0.45 mg/L/day for BOD; the zero-order CBOD decay rate increased from early- to midsummer. Values of ultimate CBOD for the labile component a, ranged from 5.5 to 28.8 mg/L for CBCD, and 7.6 to 30.8 mg/L for BOD. Two upstream sites had higher CBOD compared to those downstream. Maximum measured total BOD(5) and BOD(30) during the study were 26.5 and 55.4 mg/L: minimums were 4.2 and 13.6 mg/L For most samples, the oxygen demand from the three components considered here were: labile CBOD> NBOD> refractory CBOD, though the relative importance of refractory CBCD to oxygen demand increased over time. Coarse-filtering reduced CBCD for samples with high particulate carbon and high biovolumes of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. There was a strong positive correlation between BOD, CBOD, and the labile component of CBOD to particulate C and N, with weaker positive correlation to field pH, field dissolved oxygen, and total N. The refractory component of CBOD was not correlated to particulate matter, instead showing weak but statistically significant correlation to dissolved organic carbon, UV absorbance at 254 nm, and total N. Particulate organic matter, especially the alga A. flos-aquae, is an important component of oxygen demand in this reach of the Klamath River, though refractory dissolved organic matter would continue to exert an oxygen demand over longer time periods and as water travels downstream. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sullivan, Annett B.; Rounds, Stewart A.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Snyder, Dean M.] US Geol Survey, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. RP Sullivan, AB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM annett@usgs.gov; DSnyder@mtech.edu; sarounds@usgs.gov FU Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX Funding for this work was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), with additional funds from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Jessica Asbill, April Tower, Gunter Schanzenbacher, Matthew Kritzer, Scott Miller, and Darnion Ciotti (Reclamation) collected samples from the field. William Ayers, Amari Dolan-Caret, Laura Lambert, William Lehman, Jon Baldwin, and Mary Lindenberg (USGS) assisted with portions of the BOD incubations. Thanks to Michael Deas (Watercourse Engineering), Jason Cameron (Reclamation), and Joseph Rinella (USGS) for helpful discussions. A.B.S. thanks Tim Drever for guidance and a superb learning environment in graduate school, and wishes him well in retirement. Insightful reviews by Lisa Stillings, Tamara Wood (USGS), and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 269 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.08.007 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 559YW UT WOS:000274869700003 ER PT J AU Clow, DW Mast, MA AF Clow, David W. Mast, M. Alisa TI Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: Implications for CO2 consumption by mineral weathering SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mineral; Weathering; Carbon; CO2; Sequestration ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; HEADWATER CATCHMENT; SILICATE MINERALS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; REACTION-RATES; MASS-TRANSFER; FREE-ENERGY; MODEL; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE AB Concentrations of weathering products in streams often show relatively little variation compared to changes in discharge, both at event and annual scales. In this study, several hypothesized mechanisms for this "chemostatic behavior" were evaluated, and the potential for those mechanisms to influence relations between climate, weathering fluxes, and CO2 consumption via mineral weathering was assessed. Data from Loch Vale, an alpine catchment in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, indicates that cation exchange and seasonal precipitation and dissolution of amorphous or poorly crystalline aluminosilicates are important processes that help regulate solute concentrations in the stream; however, those processes have no direct effect on CO2 consumption in catchments. Hydrograph separation analyses indicate that old water stored in the subsurface over the winter accounts for about one-quarter of annual streamflow, and almost one-half of annual fluxes of Na and SiO2 in the stream; thus, flushing of old water by new water (snowmelt) is an important component of chemostatic behavior. Hydrologic flushing of subsurface materials further induces chemostatic behavior by reducing mineral saturation indices and increasing reactive mineral surface area, which stimulate mineral weathering rates. CO2 consumption by carbonic acid mediated mineral weathering was quantified using mass-balance calculations: results indicated that silicate mineral weathering was responsible for approximately two-thirds of annual CO2 consumption, and carbonate weathering was responsible for the remaining one-third. CO2 Consumption was strongly dependent on annual precipitation and temperature; these relations were captured in a simple statistical model that accounted for 71% of the annual variation in CO2 consumption via mineral weathering in Loch Vale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Clow, David W.; Mast, M. Alisa] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, MS 415 Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM dwclow@usgs.gov; mamast@usgs.gov OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 FU U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program. We thank Norman E. Peters, Arthur White, and Alex Blum for thoughtful reviews that helped improve the manuscript, and Jim Kirchner and Sarah Godsey for stimulating discussions about chemostatic behavior in catchments. Lisa Stillings and Simon Poulson deserve thanks for organizing the special session at Goldschmidt 2008 and the special issue of Chemical Geology in honor of James I. Drever. Special thanks go to James 1. Drever, whose book "Geochemistry of Natural Waters", was inspirational and set a standard for writing clarity that many of us seek to emulate. NR 68 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 269 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 559YW UT WOS:000274869700006 ER PT J AU Buss, HL Mathur, R White, AF Brantley, SL AF Buss, Heather L. Mathur, Ryan White, Arthur F. Brantley, Susan L. TI Phosphorus and iron cycling in deep saprolite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Iron isotopes; Saprolite; Apatite weathering rate; Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria ID FE ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; HUMID TROPICAL FOREST; LONG-TERM; WEATHERING RATES; APATITE DISSOLUTION; LANDSLIDE SCARS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; QUARTZ DIORITE; PEDOGENESIS; TRANSFORMATION AB Rapid weathering and erosion rates in mountainous tropical watersheds lead to highly variable soil and saprolite thicknesses which in turn impact nutrient fluxes and biological populations. In the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico, a 5-m thick saprolite contains high microorganism densities at the surface and at depth overlying bedrock. We test the hypotheses that the organisms at depth are limited by the availability of two nutrients, P and Fe. Many tropical soils are P-limited, rather than N-limited, and dissolution of apatite is the dominant source of P. We document patterns of apatite weathering and of bioavailable Fe derived from the weathering of primary minerals hornblende and biotite in cores augered to 7.5 m on a ridgetop as compared to spheroidally weathering bedrock sampled in a nearby roadcut. Iron isotopic compositions of 0.5 N HCl extracts of soil and saprolite range from about delta Fe-56 = 0 to -0.1 parts per thousand throughout the saprolite except at the surface and at 5 In depth where delta Fe-56 = -0.26 to -0.64 parts per thousand. The enrichment of light isotopes in HCl-extractable Fe in the soil and at the saprolite-bedrock interface is consistent with active Fe cycling and consistent with the locations of high cell densities and Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria, identified previously. To evaluate the potential P-limitation of Fe-cycling bacteria in the profile, solid-state concentrations of P were measured as a function of depth in the soil, saprolite, and weathering bedrock. Weathering apatite crystals were examined in thin sections and an apatite dissolution rate of 6.8 x 10(-14) mol m(-2) s(-1) was calculated. While surface communities depend on recycled nutrients and atmospheric inputs, deep communities survive primarily on nutrients released by the weathering bedrock and thus are tightly coupled to processes related to saprolite formation including mineral weathering. While low available P may limit microbial activity within the middle saprolite, fluxes of P from apatite weathering should be sufficient to support robust growth of microorganisms in the deep saprolite. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Buss, Heather L.; White, Arthur F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94040 USA. [Mathur, Ryan] Juniata Coll, Dept Geol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Buss, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 420, Menlo Pk, CA 94040 USA. EM hlbuss@usgs.gov RI Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013 FU DOE [DE-FG02-05ER15675]; NSF-IGERT [DGE-9972759]; U.S. Geological Survey; National Academy of Sciences FX We thank Lisa Stillings, Aaron Thompson, Tom Bullen, and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments that improved the manuscript, R.C. Fletcher, J. Troester, and M. Rosario-Torres for field assistance and J. Kittleson, G. Icopini, M. Angelone, G. Hart, and J. Vervoort for laboratory and data assistance. Funding provided by DOE grant no. DE-FG02-05ER15675, the Penn State Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education (BRIE) supported by NSF-IGERT grant no. DGE-9972759, and the Water Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. H.L. Buss acknowledges fellowship support of the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the National Academy of Sciences Research Associateship Program. NR 88 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 269 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.08.001 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 559YW UT WOS:000274869700007 ER PT J AU Turner, BF White, AF Brantley, SL AF Turner, Benjamin F. White, Art F. Brantley, Susan L. TI Effects of temperature on silicate weathering: Solute fluxes and chemical weathering in a temperate rain forest watershed, Jamieson Creek, British Columbia SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical weathering; Watershed; Diorite; Solute mass balance; Silicates; Glacial till ID LONG-TERM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PUERTO-RICO; GRANITOID ROCKS; FLUVIAL GEOCHEMISTRY; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; SIBERIAN CRATON; EASTERN SIBERIA; QUARTZ DIORITE AB Chemical weathering of silicate minerals has long been known as a sink for atmospheric CO2, and feedbacks between weathering and climate are believed to affect global climate. While warmer temperatures are believed to increase rates of weathering, weathering in cool climates can be accelerated by increased mineral exposure due to mechanical weathering by ice. In this study, chemical weathering of silicate minerals is investigated in a small temperate watershed. The Jamieson Creek watershed is covered by mature coniferous forest and receives high annual precipitation (4000 mm), mostly in the form of rainfall, and is underlain by quartz diorite bedrock and glacial till. Analysis of pore water concentration gradients indicates that weathering in hydraulically unsaturated ablation till is dominated by dissolution of plagioclase and hornblende. However, a watershed scale solute mass balance indicates high relative fluxes of K and Ca, indicating preferential leaching of these solutes possibly from the relatively unweathered lodgement till. Weathering rates for plagioclase and hornblende calculated from a watershed scale solute mass balance are similar in magnitude to rates determined using pore water concentration gradients. When compared to the Rio Icacos basin in Puerto Rico, a pristine tropical watershed with similar annual precipitation and bedrock, but with dissimilar regolith properties. fluxes of weathering products in stream discharge from the warmer site are 1.8 to 16.2-fold higher, respectively, and regolith profile-averaged plagioclase weathering rates are 3.8 to 9.0-fold higher. This suggests that the Arrhenius effect, which predicts a 3.5- to 9-fold increase in the dissolution rate of plagioclase as temperature is increased from 3.4 degrees to 22 degrees C, may explain the greater weathering fluxes and rates at the Rio Icacos site. However, more modest differences in K and Ca fluxes between the two sites are attributed to accelerated leaching of those solutes from glacial till at Jamieson Creek. Our findings suggest that under conditions of high rainfall and favorable topography, weathering rates of silicate minerals in warm tropical systems will tend to be higher than in cool temperate systems, even if the temperate system is has been perturbed by an episode of glaciation that deposits regolith high in fresh mineral surface area. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Turner, Benjamin F.; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [White, Art F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Turner, BF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, DuBois Campus,Coll Pl, Du Bois, PA USA. EM bft1@psu.edu; afwhite@usgs.gov; brantley@essc.psu.edu FU Penn State Dept. of Geosciences Krynine; Geological Society of America FX Concentration-discharge data for Jamieson Creek from 1972 to 1991 was contributed by Douglas Golding of the University of British Columbia. The authors are grateful to Derek Bonin and Scott Stuart of the Greater Vancouver Regional District for facilitating field work in British Columbia, and for having a set of field samples collected. Roger Becky of the University of British Columbia lent some field equipment for use at the Jamieson Creek site. The Penn State Materials Characterization Laboratory contributed the use of some laboratory equipment. Tom Bullen of the U.S. Geological Survey conducted Sr stable isotope ratio analyses on stream water samples. Additional advice and assistance in the laboratory from Don Voigt, Henry Gong, Kay Bickle, and Mark Angelone of Penn State University is also appreciated. Helpful discussion and other assistance were provided by Olav Slaymaker, Paul Richards, Lee Kump, Kate Freeman, Jon Chorover, and Mary Kay Amistadi. Comments by Jiwchar Ganor and one anonymous reviewer led to improvements to the manuscript. Funding for travel to the field site for B. F. Turner was provided by the Penn State Dept. of Geosciences Krynine fund, and by the Geological Society of America. NR 77 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 269 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 62 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.005 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 559YW UT WOS:000274869700008 ER PT J AU Stilling, LL Amacher, MC AF Stilling, Lisa L. Amacher, Michael C. TI Kinetics of selenium release in mine waste from the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale, Phosphoria Formation, Wooley Valley, Idaho, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Oxidation kinetics; Leaching; Black shale; Marine shale; Phosphoria Formation ID ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; SOUTHEAST IDAHO; MICROBIAL OXIDATION; METAL-IONS; TRANSFORMATIONS; SPECIATION; SOILS; SEDIMENTS; SURFACE; LANDS AB Phosphorite from the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation has been mined in southeastern Idaho since 1906. Dumps of waste rock from mining operations contain high concentrations of Se which readily leach into nearby streams and wetlands. While the most common mineralogical residence of Se in the phosphatic shale is elemental Se, Se(0), Se is also an integral component of sulfide phases (pyrite, sphalerite and vaesite-pyrite(ss)) in the waste rock. It may also be present as adsorbed selenate and/or selenite, and FeSe(2) and organo-selenides. Se release from the waste rock has been observed in field and laboratory experiments. Release rates calculated from waste rock dump and column leachate solutions describe the net, overall Se release from all of the possible sources of Se listed above. In field studies, Se concentration in seepage water (pH 7.4-7.8) from the Wooley Valley Unit 4 dump ranges from 3600 mu g/L in May to 10 mu g/L by Sept. Surface water flow, Q from the seep also declines over the summer, from 2 L/s in May to 0.03 L/s in Sept. Se flux ([Se]*Q) reaches a steady-state of <150 mg/day in 1-4 months, depending upon the volume of Q. Se release (mg/L) follows a first order reaction with a rate constant, k, = 1.35 -6.35e-3 h(-1) (11.8-55.6 yr(-1)). Laboratory experiments were performed with the waste shale in packed bed reactors; residence time varied from 0.09 to 400 h and outlet pH similar to 7.5. Here, Se concentration increased with increasing residence time and release was modeled with a first order reaction with k = 2.19e-3 h(-1) (19.2 yr(-1)). Rate constants reported here fall within an order of magnitude of reported rate constants for oxidation of Se (0) formed by bacterial precipitation. This similarity among rate constants from both field and laboratory studies combined with the direct observation of Se(0) in waste shales of the Phosphoria Formation suggests that oxidation of Se(0) may control steady-state Se concentration in water draining the Wooley Valley waste dump. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stilling, Lisa L.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Amacher, Michael C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Stilling, LL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, MS-176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM stilling@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Forest Service FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Research Program (LLS) and the U.S. Forest Service ECAP/AML program (MCA). Both authors wish to thank Kay Laird (USFS-RMRS, Logan UT) for analyzing samples for Se by HGAAS: as well as Chuck Coronella, Dept. Chemical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, for assistance with analysis of data from a plug flow reactor. Ralph Seiler and Dave Naftz, of the U.S.Geological Survey, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided very helpful reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 269 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.10.011 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 559YW UT WOS:000274869700012 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Runkel, RL Wanty, RB Verplanck, PL AF Kimball, Briant A. Runkel, Robert L. Wanty, Richard B. Verplanck, Philip L. TI Reactive solute-transport simulation of pre-mining metal concentrations in mine-impacted catchments: Redwell Basin, Colorado, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid mine drainage; Pre-mining conditions; Reactive solute-transport model; Remediation ID DRAINAGE; STREAM; MODEL; PH; ALUMINUM; WATERS; CREEK AB With the increased importance of water resources in the western United States and many areas worldwide, the remediation of impacts from historical mining becomes ever more important. A possible process of making decisions about remediation for a catchment might include identification of principal sources of metals in the catchment, classification of the sources as natural or anthropogenic, and simulations to evaluate different options for removal of anthropogenic sources. The application of this process is based on understanding the pre-mining conditions in the catchment, so that remediation goals appropriately correct for the impacts of mining. A field experiment in Redwell Basin. Colorado, provided a setting to demonstrate this process and to evaluate pre-mining concentrations through reactive solute-transport modeling. The field experiment provided spatially detailed stream and inflow samples that were the basis for model calibration. Only two inflows along the study reach were affected by mining or mine exploration. To simulate pre-mining conditions, these inflows were removed from the model calibration; the result was a simulation of the stream with all the non-mining inputs. At a point downstream from the two mining inflows, the simulated premining pH would have been 5.1, up from the measured 3.8. At the higher pH, the streambed likely would have been coated with Al precipitate. Simulated pre-mining Zn and Cu would have been 1300 mu g/L and 18 mu g/L, lower than the measured concentrations of 3340 and 93 mu g/L. Despite these changes, the pre-mining conditions would not have met aquatic-life standards. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Runkel, Robert L.; Wanty, Richard B.; Verplanck, Philip L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Cir, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM bkimball@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Toxic Substances Hydrology and the Mineral Resources Programs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Paul Briggs and Judy Steiger of the U.S. Geological Survey assisted with the chemical analysis. Robert Broshears, Kevinjohnson, Bryn Kimball, Jean Morrison, Sara LoVettre, Hideya Meksugi, Ian Ridley, and Michelle Tuttle assisted with the field work. Tim Drever, who wrote the book on the geochemistry of natural waters, is acknowledged for the foundation of teaching and assistance that have guided a career. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 269 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 124 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.024 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 559YW UT WOS:000274869700013 ER PT J AU Cozzarelli, IM Bekins, BA Eganhouse, RP Warren, E Essaid, HI AF Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. Bekins, Barbara A. Eganhouse, Robert P. Warren, Ean Essaid, Hedeff I. TI In situ measurements of volatile aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation rates in groundwater SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE In situ Microcosm; Natural Attenuation; BTEX; Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Anaerobic Biodegradation; Rates ID LANDFILL LEACHATE PLUME; OIL SPILL SITE; PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; CRUDE-OIL; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION AB Benzene and alkylbenzene biodegradation rates and patterns were measured using an in situ microcosm in a crude-oil contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. Benzene-D6. toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m- and p-xylenes and four pairs of C(3)- and C(4)-benzenes were added to an in situ microcosm and studied over a 3-year period. The microcosm allowed for a mass-balance approach and quantification of hydrocarbon biodegradation rates within a well-defined iron-reducing zone of the anoxic plume. Among the BTEX compounds, the apparent order of persistence is ethylbenzene>benzene>m,p-xylenes>o-xylene >= toluene. Threshold concentrations were observed for several compounds in the in situ microcosm, below which degradation was not observed, even after hundreds of days. In addition, long lag times were observed before the onset of degradation of benzene or ethylbenzene. The isomer-specific degradation patterns were compared to observations from a multi-year study conducted using data collected from monitoring wells along a flowpath in the contaminant plume. The data were fit with both first-order and Michaelis-Menten models. First-order kinetics provided a good fit for hydrocarbons with starting concentrations below 1 mg/L and Michaelis-Menten kinetics were a better fit when starting concentrations were above 1 mg/L, as was the case for benzene. The biodegradation rate data from this study were also compared to rates from other investigations reported in the literature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.; Eganhouse, Robert P.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Bekins, Barbara A.; Warren, Ean; Essaid, Hedeff I.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cozzarelli, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM icozzare@usgs.gov OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 FU USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; National Research Program FX We thank our USGS colleagues Geoff Delin, Jeanne Jaeschke and Lara Matthews for sample collection and analytical support. Gary Curtis (USGS) provided helpful discussions. The review comments of Jennifer McGuire (University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, USA), Mary Jo Baedecker (USGS), Poul Bjerg (Technical University of Denmark), Greg Davis (CSIRO Land & Water, Australia), and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. This project was supported by the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the National Research Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 111 IS 1-4 BP 48 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.12.001 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 565KB UT WOS:000275289600005 PM 20060615 ER PT J AU Vaughan, RG Keszthelyi, LP Davies, AG Schneider, DJ Jaworowski, C Heasler, H AF Vaughan, R. Greg Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Davies, Ashley G. Schneider, David J. Jaworowski, Cheryl Heasler, Henry TI Exploring the limits of identifying sub-pixel thermal features using ASTER TIR data SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcano remote sensing; thermal features; sub-pixel thermal mixing; ASTER thermal infrared ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; MOUNT EREBUS VOLCANO; INFRARED BANDS; ETNA ERUPTION; LAVA LAKE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; LASCAR VOLCANO; LANDSAT-7 ETM+; REMOTE; ANTARCTICA AB Understanding the characteristics of volcanic thermal emissions and how they change with time is important for forecasting and monitoring volcanic activity and potential hazards. Satellite instruments view volcanic thermal features across the globe at various temporal and spatial resolutions. Thermal features that may be a precursor to a major eruption, or indicative of important changes in an on-going eruption can be subtle, making them challenging to reliably identify with satellite instruments. The goal of this study was to explore the limits of the types and magnitudes of thermal anomalies that could be detected using satellite thermal infrared (TIR) data. Specifically, the characterization of sub-pixel thermal features with a wide range of temperatures is considered using ASTER multispectral TIR data. First, theoretical calculations were made to define a "thermal mixing detection threshold" for ASTER, which quantifies the limits of ASTER's ability to resolve sub-pixel thermal mixing over a range of hot target temperatures and % pixel areas. Then, ASTER TIR data were used to model sub-pixel thermal features at the Yellowstone National Park geothermal area (hot spring pools with temperatures from 40 to 90 degrees C) and at Mount Erebus Volcano, Antarctica (an active lava lake with temperatures from 200 to 800 degrees C). Finally, various sources of uncertainty in sub-pixel thermal calculations were quantified for these empirical measurements, including pixel resampling, atmospheric correction, and background temperature and emissivity assumptions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vaughan, R. Greg; Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Davies, Ashley G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Schneider, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Jaworowski, Cheryl; Heasler, Henry] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY USA. RP Vaughan, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM gvaughan@usgs.gov FU USGS Flagstaff Science Center FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the USGS Flagstaff Science Center as part of the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Program. The authors would like to thank Chris Okubo, Robin Fergason, Mike Ramsey, and one anonymous reviewer for their very helpful and constructive reviews of this manuscript. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 189 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.11.010 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 561ON UT WOS:000274987500002 ER PT J AU Janik, CJ McLaren, MK AF Janik, Cathy J. McLaren, Marcia K. TI Seismicity and fluid geochemistry at Lassen Volcanic National Park, California: Evidence for two circulation cells in the hydrothermal system SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lassen Peak; Lassen Volcanic Center; seismicity; seismic clusters; geothermal fluids; water and gas geochemistry; stable and noble gas isotopes; hydrothermal system model ID SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HELIUM ISOTOPE RATIOS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; VALLES CALDERA; NEW-MEXICO; SUBDUCTION; STRESS; GASES; EVOLUTION AB Seismic analysis and geochemical interpretations provide evidence that two separate hydrothermal cells circulate within the greater Lassen hydrothermal system. One cell originates south to SW of Lassen Peak and within the Brokeoff Volcano depression where it forms a reservoir of hot fluid (235-270 degrees C) that boils to feed steam to the high-temperature fumarolic areas, and has a plume of degassed reservoir liquid that flows southward to emerge at Growler and Morgan Hot Springs. The second cell originates SSE to SE of Lassen Peak and flows southeastward along inferred faults of the Walker Lane belt (WLB) where it forms a reservoir of hot fluid (220-240 degrees C) that boils beneath Devils Kitchen and Boiling Springs Lake, and has an outflow plume of degassed liquid that boils again beneath Terminal Geyser. Three distinct seismogenic zones (identified as the West, Middle, and East seismic clusters) occur at shallow depths (<6 km) in Lassen Volcanic National Park, SW to SSE of Lassen Peak and adjacent to areas of high-temperature (<= 161 degrees C) furnarolic activity (Sulphur Works, Pilot Pinnacle, Little Hot Springs Valley, and Bumpass Hell) and an area of cold, weak gas emissions (Cold Boiling Lake). The three zones are located within the inferred Rockland caldera in response to interactions between deeply circulating meteoric water and hot brittle rock that overlies residual magma associated with the Lassen Volcanic Center. Earthquake focal mechanisms and stress inversions indicate primarily N-S oriented normal faulting and E-W extension, with some oblique faulting and right lateral shear in the East cluster. The different focal mechanisms as well as spatial and temporal earthquake patterns for the East cluster indicate a greater influence by regional tectonics and inferred faults within the WLB. A fourth, deeper (5-10 km) seismogenic zone (the Devils Kitchen seismic cluster) occurs SE of the East cluster and trends NNW from Sifford Mountain toward the Devils Kitchen thermal area where fumarolic temperatures are <= 123 degrees C. Lassen furnaroles discharge geothermal gases that indicate mixing between a N(2)-rich, arc-type component and gases derived from air-saturated meteoric recharge water. Most gases have relatively weak isotopic indicators of upper mantle or volcanic components, except for gas from Sulphur Works where delta(13)C-CO(2), delta(34)S-H(2)S, and delta(15)N-N(2) values indicate a contribution from the mantle and a subducted sediment source in an arc volcanic setting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Janik, Cathy J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [McLaren, Marcia K.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94106 USA. RP Janik, CJ (reprint author), 5515 Quemazon, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM cjgfg@comcast.net; mkm2@pge.com NR 93 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 189 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.11.014 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 561ON UT WOS:000274987500005 ER PT J AU Mallinson, DJ Culver, SJ Riggs, SR Thieler, ER Foster, D Wehmiller, J Farrell, KM Pierson, J AF Mallinson, David J. Culver, Stephen J. Riggs, Stanley R. Thieler, E. Robert Foster, David Wehmiller, John Farrell, Kathleen M. Pierson, Jessica TI Regional seismic stratigraphy and controls on the Quaternary evolution of the Cape Hatteras region of the Atlantic passive margin, USA SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seismic stratigraphy; sequence stratigraphy; Quaternary; coastal stratigraphy; antecedent topography ID NORTHERN ALBEMARLE EMBAYMENT; TRANSGRESSIVE SYSTEMS TRACT; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; EXPLORATION SIGNIFICANCE; LATE PLEISTOCENE; LATE NEOGENE; CAROLINA; RECORD; SHOAL AB Seismic and core data, combined with amino acid racemization and strontium-isotope age data, enable the definition of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework and recognition of geologic controls on the development of the modern coastal system of North Carolina, U.S.A. Seven regionally continuous high amplitude reflections are defined which bound six seismic stratigraphic units consisting of multiple regionally discontinuous depositional sequences and parasequence sets, and enable an understanding of the evolution of this margin. Data reveal the progressive eastward progradation and aggradation of the Quaternary shelf. The early Pleistocene inner shelf occurs at a depth of ca. 20-40 m beneath the western part of the modern estuarine system (Pamlico Sound). A mid- to outer shelf lowstand terrace (also early Pleistocene) with shelf sand ridge deposits comprising parasequence sets within a transgressive systems tract, occurs at a deeper level (ca. 45-70 m) beneath the modern barrier island system (the Outer Banks) and northern Pamlico Sound. Seismic and foraminiferal paleoenvironmental data from cores indicate the occurrence of lowstand strandplain shoreline deposits on the early to middle Pleistocene shelf. Middle to late Pleistocene deposits occur above a prominent unconformity and marine flooding surface that truncates underlying units, and contain numerous filled fluvial valleys that are incised into the early and middle Pleistocene deposits. The stratigraphic framework suggests margin progradation and aggradation modified by an increase in the magnitude of sea-level fluctuations during the middle to late Pleistocene. expressed as falling stage, lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Thick stratigraphic sequences occur within the middle Pleistocene section, suggesting the occurrence of high capacity fluvial point sources debouching into the area from the west and north. Furthermore, the antecedent topography plays a significant role in the evolution of the geomorphology and stratigraphy of this marginal system. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mallinson, David J.; Culver, Stephen J.; Riggs, Stanley R.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Thieler, E. Robert; Foster, David] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wehmiller, John] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Farrell, Kathleen M.] N Carolina Geol Survey, Raleigh Field Off & Core Repository, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Pierson, Jessica] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Mallinson, DJ (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM mallinsond@mail.ecu.edu; culvers@mail.ecu.edu; riggss@mail.ecu.edu; rthieler@usgs.gov; dfoster@usgs.gov; jwehm@UDel.edu; Kathleen.Farrell@ncdenr.gov; Jpierso1@mix.wvu.edu OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 FU United States Geological Survey [02ERAG0044]; Seismic Micro-Technology, Inc. FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Scott Snyder and Dorothea V. Ames of the ECU Department of Geological Sciences, and Erika Hammar-Klose, David Nichols, and Barry Irwin of the United States Geological Survey. We also acknowledge the constructive reviews of Wylie Poag, David Twitchell, and Walter Barnhardt of the USGS. This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey pursuant to cooperative agreement 02ERAG0044. Seismic Micro-Technology, Inc. also provided support in the form of a software grant. NR 71 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 1-4 BP 16 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.007 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 556RX UT WOS:000274610100002 ER PT J AU Le Dantec, N Hogarth, LJ Driscoll, NW Babcock, JM Barnhardt, WA Schwab, WC AF Le Dantec, Nicolas Hogarth, Leah J. Driscoll, Neal W. Babcock, Jeffrey M. Barnhardt, Walter A. Schwab, William C. TI Tectonic controls on nearshore sediment accumulation and submarine canyon morphology offshore La Jolla, Southern California SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tectonic deformation; submarine canyon morphology; nearshore sediment accumulation ID INNER-CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SOUND SPEED; SAN-DIEGO; EVOLUTION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; ATTENUATION; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB CHIRP seismic and swath bathymetry data acquired offshore La Jolla, California provide an unprecedented three-dimensional view of the La Jolla and Scripps submarine canyons. Shore-parallel patterns of tectonic deformation appear to control nearshore sediment thickness and distribution around the canyons. These shore-parallel patterns allow the impact of local tectonic deformation to be separated from the influence of eustatic sea-level fluctuations. Based on stratal geometry and acoustic character, we identify a prominent angular unconformity inferred to be the transgressive surface and three sedimentary sequences: an acoustically laminated estuarine unit deposited during early transgression, an infilling or "healing-phase" unit formed during the transgression, and an upper transparent unit. Beneath the transgressive surface, steeply dipping reflectors with several dip reversals record faulting and folding along the La Jolla margin. Scripps Canyon is located at the crest of an antiform, where the rocks are fractured and more susceptible to erosion. La Jolla Canyon is located along the northern strand of the Rose Canyon Fault Zone, which separates Cretaceous lithified rocks to the south from poorly cemented Eocene sands and gravels to the north. Isopach and structure contour maps of the three sedimentary units reveal how their thicknesses and spatial distributions relate to regional tectonic deformation. For example, the estuarine unit is predominantly deposited along the edges of the canyons in paleotopographic lows that may have been inlets along barrier beaches during the Holocene sea-level rise. The distribution of the infilling unit is controlled by pre-existing relief that records tectonic deformation and erosional processes. The thickness and distribution of the upper transparent unit are controlled by long-wavelength, tectonically induced relief on the transgressive surface and hydrodynamics. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Dantec, Nicolas; Hogarth, Leah J.; Driscoll, Neal W.; Babcock, Jeffrey M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Barnhardt, Walter A.; Schwab, William C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Le Dantec, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM nledantec@ucsd.edu; lhogarth@ucsd.edu; ndriscoll@ucsd.edu; jbabcock@ucsd.edu; wbarnhardt@usgs.gov; bschwab@usgs.gov FU Office of Naval Research; Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS); Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research, the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS), and an Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) fellowship. We thank William W. Danforth for his help processing the Submetrix data, Warren L Smith for his assistance in analyzing cores, Captain Eddy Kisfaludy for operating the R/V Saihkon, the crew of the R/V Sproul, and Douglas Inman for numerous discussions on the topics in this manuscript. We would also like to thank Wayne Baldwin, Daniel Belknap, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments, which improved the manuscript. The authors also acknowledge the use of software packages for data processing. The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT, Smith and Wessel, 1990: Wessel and Smith, 1998; http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu) and Mirone (Luis, 2007; http://w3.ualg.pt/similar to jluis/mirone) are available online free of charge. Kingdom Suite (http://www.seismicmicro.com) is a commercial software made available for educational use at no charge. NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 268 IS 1-4 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.026 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 556RX UT WOS:000274610100010 ER PT J AU Roy, DP Ju, JC Kline, K Scaramuzza, PL Kovalskyy, V Hansen, M Loveland, TR Vermote, E Zhang, CS AF Roy, David P. Ju, Junchang Kline, Kristi Scaramuzza, Pasquale L. Kovalskyy, Valeriy Hansen, Matthew Loveland, Thomas R. Vermote, Eric Zhang, Chunsun TI Web-enabled Landsat Data (WELD): Landsat ETM plus composited mosaics of the conterminous United States SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat ETM; Time series; Free data; Continental; Long-term data record; Phenology; Composite; Mosaic ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE MODEL; TERM ACQUISITION PLAN; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; FOREST COVER; AVHRR DATA; MODIS DATA; VEGETATION; SURFACE; INDEX AB Since January 2008, the U.S. Department of Interior / U.S. Geological Survey have been providing free terrain-corrected (Level IT) Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data via the Internet, currently for acquisitions with less than 40% cloud cover. With this rich dataset, temporally composited, mosaics of the conterminous United States (CONUS) were generated on a monthly, seasonal, and annual basis using 6521 ETM+ acquisitions from December 2007 to November 2008. The composited mosaics are designed to provide consistent Landsat data that can be used to derive land cover and geo-physical and bio-physical products for detailed regional assessments of land-cover dynamics and to study Earth system functioning. The data layers in the composited mosaics are defined at 30 m and include top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, TOA brightness temperature, TOA normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the date each composited pixel was acquired on, per-band radiometric saturation status, cloud mask values, and the number of acquisitions considered in the compositing period. Reduced spatial resolution browse imagery, and top of atmosphere 30 m reflectance time series extracted from the monthly composites, capture the expected land surface phenological change, and illustrate the potential of the composited mosaic data for terrestrial monitoring at high spatial resolution. The composited mosaics are available in 501 tiles of 5000x5000 30 m pixels in the Albers equal area projection and are downloadable at http://landsat.usgs.gov/WELD.php. The research described in this paper demonstrates the potential of Landsat data processing to provide a consistent, long-term, large-area, data record. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, David P.; Ju, Junchang; Kovalskyy, Valeriy; Hansen, Matthew; Zhang, Chunsun] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Kline, Kristi; Scaramuzza, Pasquale L.; Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Vermote, Eric] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Roy, DP (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM david.roy@sdstate.edu RI Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012 FU NASA's Making Earth System Data Records [NNX08AL93A] FX This Web-enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project is funded by NASA's Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program, grant number NNX08AL93A. The LEDAPS team led by Dr. Masek is thanked for their feedback and provision of the ACCA cloud masking code. The U.S. Landsat project management and staff are thanked for provision of the Landsat ETM+ data. NR 73 TC 184 Z9 190 U1 11 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.011 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 518JY UT WOS:000271688700003 ER PT J AU Huang, CQ Coward, SN Masek, JG Thomas, N Zhu, ZL Vogelmann, JE AF Huang, Chengquan Coward, Samuel N. Masek, Jeffrey G. Thomas, Nancy Zhu, Zhiliang Vogelmann, James E. TI An automated approach for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using dense Landsat time series stacks SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat time series stacks (LTSS); Vegetation change tracker (VCT); Forest z-score (FZ); Integrated forest z-score (IFZ) ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; TERM ACQUISITION PLAN; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; WESTERN OREGON; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CLOUD DETECTION; TASSELED CAP; COVER DATA AB A highly automated algorithm called vegetation change tracker (VCT) has been developed for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). This algorithm is based on the spectral-temporal properties of land cover and forest change processes, and requires little or no fine tuning for most forests with closed or near close canopy cover. It was found very efficient, taking 2-3 h on average to analyze an LTSS consisting of 12 or more Landsat images using an average desktop PC. This LTSS-VCT approach has been used to examine disturbance patterns with a biennial temporal interval from 1984 to 2006 for many locations across the conterminous U.S. Accuracy assessment over 6 validation sites revealed that overall accuracies of around 80% were achieved for disturbances mapped at individual year level. Average user's and producer's accuracies of the disturbance classes were around 70% and 60% in 5 of the 6 sites, respectively, suggesting that although forest disturbances were typically rare as compared with nochange classes, on average the VCT detected more than half of those disturbances with relatively low levels of false alarms. Field assessment revealed that VCT was able to detect most stand clearing disturbance events, including harvest, fire, and urban development, while some non-stand clearing events such as thinning and selective logging were also mapped in western U.S. The applicability of the LTSS-VCT approach depends on the availability of a temporally adequate supply of Landsat imagery. To ensure that forest disturbance records can be developed continuously in the future, it is necessary to plan and develop observational capabilities today that will allow continuous acquisition of frequent Landsat or Landsat-like observations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Chengquan; Coward, Samuel N.; Thomas, Nancy] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Vogelmann, James E.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cqhuang@umd.edu RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU NASA's Terrestrial Ecology; Carbon Cycle Science; Applied Sciences Programs; U.S. Geological Survey; LANDFIRE; Wildland Fire Leadership Council of the United States FX This study contributes to the North American Carbon Program, with grant support from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, and Applied Sciences Programs. Funding support for developing and validating the VCT algorithm was also provided by the U.S. Geological Survey and the LANDFIRE project, which was sponsored by the intergovernmental Wildland Fire Leadership Council of the United States. High level preprocessing of the Landsat images using the LEDAPS was performed by Teng-Kui Lim of Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI). Donald Chlen, Daniel Steinwand, Jay Kost, and Brian Tolk of USGS/EROS participated in the field trips for validating the derived disturbance products. The authors wish to thank the four anonymous reviewers for their detailed comments, which led to major improvements to the original manuscript. NR 67 TC 269 Z9 288 U1 8 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 1 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.017 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 518JY UT WOS:000271688700014 ER PT J AU Len, JA Jenkins, JA Eilts, BE Paccamonti, DL Lyle, SK Hosgood, G AF Len, J. A. Jenkins, J. A. Eilts, B. E. Paccamonti, D. L. Lyle, S. K. Hosgood, G. TI Immediate and delayed (after cooling) effects of centrifugation on equine sperm SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acrosome; Centrifugation; Motility; Plasma membrane; Recovery rate; Sperm ID STORED STALLION SPERMATOZOA; SEMINAL PLASMA; MOTION CHARACTERISTICS; ACROSOMAL INTEGRITY; MOTILITY; SEMEN; STORAGE; FERTILITY; DILUTION; REMOVAL AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of centrifugation on equine sperm total and progressive motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity. We hypothesized that although high centrifugation forces would be detrimental to equine Equus caballus sperm, recovery rates would increase. Ejaculates from six stallions were collected, extended to a concentration of 25 x I 06 cells/mL, and subjected for 10 min to (1) no centrifugation (NC) or (2) centrifugation at 400 x g, (3) 900 x g, or (4) 4500 x g. Before and after centrifugation (Day 0), and after 24 h of cooling (Day 1), sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis, and samples were stained with SYBR-14/propidium iodide (PI) for viability and with PI/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) Peanut aglutinin (PNA) (A rachis hypogaea) for acrosomal integrity. The effect of treatment and day on motility, viability, and acrosomal integrity was determined using a mixed linear model. Compared with the other treatments, centrifugation at 4500 x g reduced all end points measured (P < 0.05). Both 400 x g and 900 x g yielded lower recovery rates than that of 4500 x g (NC = 100.0 +/- 0.0%; 400 x g = 54.4 +/- 8.6%; 900 x g = 75.0 +/- 7.1%; 4500 x g = 97.9 +/- 2.8%; P < 0.05). Centrifugation at 400 x g or 900 x g did not damage equine sperm. Based on these findings, further studies of centrifugal forces between 900 x g and 4500 x g are warranted to determine the optimal force that maximizes recovery rate, minimizes sperm damage, and does not affect fertility. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Len, J. A.; Eilts, B. E.; Paccamonti, D. L.; Lyle, S. K.; Hosgood, G.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Jenkins, J. A.] Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Len, JA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jlen@vetmed.lsu.edu RI Eilts, Bruce/J-3739-2014 OI Eilts, Bruce/0000-0003-1087-0328 FU Equine Health Study Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University FX The funds for this study were provided by the Equine Health Study Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University. Also, assistance from and use of the flow cytometer provided by the National Wetlands Research Center personnel are gratefully acknowledged. The help provided by the LSU veterinary and animal science students and the personnel of the LSU Department of Animal Sciences is also acknowledged. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 73 IS 2 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.003 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 584KG UT WOS:000276750000010 PM 19913898 ER PT J AU Engdahl, NB Vogler, ET Weissmann, GS AF Engdahl, Nicholas B. Vogler, Eric T. Weissmann, Gary S. TI Evaluation of aquifer heterogeneity effects on river flow loss using a transition probability framework SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; SURFACE-WATER; GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; CONJUNCTIVE USE; MODEL; GEOSTATISTICS; HYDROFACIES; MANAGEMENT; EXCHANGE; DEPOSITS AB River-aquifer exchange is considered within a transition probability framework along the Rio Grande in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to provide a stochastic estimate of aquifer heterogeneity and river loss. Six plausible hydrofacies configurations were determined using categorized drill core and wetland survey data processed through the TPROGS geostatistical package. A base case homogeneous model was also constructed for comparison. River loss was simulated for low, moderate, and high Rio Grande stages and several different riverside drain stage configurations. Heterogeneity effects were quantified by determining the mean and variance of the K field for each realization compared to the root-mean-square (RMS) error of the observed groundwater head data. Simulation results showed that the heterogeneous models produced smaller estimates of loss than the homogeneous approximation. Differences between heterogeneous and homogeneous model results indicate that the use of a homogeneous K in a regional-scale model may result in an overestimation of loss but comparable RMS error. We find that the simulated river loss is dependent on the aquifer structure and is most sensitive to the volumetric proportion of fines within the river channel. C1 [Engdahl, Nicholas B.; Vogler, Eric T.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Weissmann, Gary S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Engdahl, NB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nbengdahl@ucdavis.edu FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was supported by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dale Rankin of the U. S. Geological Survey for his assistance in the compilation of the field data and access to the collection of core samples. The authors would also like to thank Barbara Bekins and Doug McAda of the U. S. Geological Survey and three anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews of this manuscript. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W01506 DI 10.1029/2009WR007903 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 545LR UT WOS:000273734100001 ER PT J AU Liao, KS Wang, J Dias, S Dewald, J Alley, NJ Baesman, SM Oremland, RS Blau, WJ Curran, SA AF Liao, Kang-Shyang Wang, Jun Dias, Sampath Dewald, James Alley, Nigel J. Baesman, Shaun M. Oremland, Ronald S. Blau, Werner J. Curran, Seamus A. TI Strong nonlinear photonic responses from microbiologically synthesized tellurium nanocomposites SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ABSORPTION; COMPOSITES; FULLERENES; OXYANIONS AB A new class of nanomaterials, namely microbiologically-formed nanorods composed of elemental tellurium [Te(0)] that forms unusual nanocomposites when combined with poly(m-phenylenevinylene-co-2,5-dioctoxy-phenylenevinylene) (PmPV) is described. These bio-nanocomposites exhibit excellent broadband optical limiting at 532 and 1064 nm. Nonlinear scattering, originating from the laser induced solvent bubbles and microplasmas, is responsible for this nonlinear behavior. The use of bacterially-formed Te(0) when combined with an organic chemical host (e. g., PmPV) is a new green method of nanoparticle syntheses. This opens the possibilities of using unique, biologically synthesized materials to advance future nanoelectronic and nanophotonic applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liao, Kang-Shyang; Dias, Sampath; Dewald, James; Alley, Nigel J.; Curran, Seamus A.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Wang, Jun; Blau, Werner J.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Wang, Jun; Blau, Werner J.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, CRANN, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Baesman, Shaun M.; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Blau, Werner J.] Dublin Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Liao, KS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 617 Sci & Res Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM kliao@mail.uh.edu; jwangsci@gmail.com RI Alley, Nigel/G-3577-2010; Blau, Werner/A-4440-2008; Wang, Jun/C-9058-2009; OI Alley, Nigel/0000-0001-6883-7112; Blau, Werner/0000-0002-9666-7058 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG36-08GO88008]; USGS; NASA; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [08/CE/I1432] FX The work is supported by the US Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG36-08GO88008, the USGS and NASA Exobiology Program, and in part by the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under Grant No. 08/CE/I1432. J.W. thanks SFI for his postdoctoral research fellowship. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2010 VL 484 IS 4-6 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.11.021 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 536NT UT WOS:000273051800031 ER PT J AU Dunne, T Malmon, DV Mudd, SM AF Dunne, Thomas Malmon, Daniel V. Mudd, Simon M. TI A rain splash transport equation assimilating field and laboratory measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID SOIL DETACHMENT; RAINSPLASH EROSION; SIMULATED RAINFALL; IMPACT; PARTICLES; HILLSLOPE; RUNOFF; DEPTH; MODEL AB Process-based models of hillslope evolution require transport equations relating sediment flux to its major controls. An equation for rain splash transport in the absence of overland flow was constructed by modifying an approach developed by Reeve (1982) and parameterizing it with measurements from single-drop laboratory experiments and simulated rainfall on a grassland in East Africa. The equation relates rain splash to hillslope gradient, the median raindrop diameter of a storm, and ground cover density; the effect of soil texture on detachability can be incorporated from other published results. The spatial and temporal applicability of such an equation for rain splash transport in the absence of overland flow on uncultivated hillslopes can be estimated from hydrological calculations. The predicted transport is lower than landscape-averaged geologic erosion rates from Kenya but is large enough to modify short, slowly eroding natural hillslopes as well as microtopographic interrill surfaces between which overland flow transports the mobilized sediment. C1 [Dunne, Thomas] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Malmon, Daniel V.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mudd, Simon M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dunne, Thomas] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Dunne, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Mudd, Simon/F-8521-2010; Dunne, Thomas/B-6374-2014 OI Mudd, Simon/0000-0002-1357-8501; Dunne, Thomas/0000-0002-5281-6517 FU NSF Earth Science FX The work was supported by a grant from NSF Earth Science with logistical support from the Kenya Rangeland Ecological Monitoring Unit. Brian Aubry and Suzanne Fouty assisted with the field experiments and David Western provided information on local ecological conditions and processes. Conrad McCarthy stimulated the senior author's interest in defining the environmental conditions represented in rain splash transport equations. Suggestions from Joel Johnson and three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 63 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JAN 7 PY 2010 VL 115 AR F01001 DI 10.1029/2009JF001302 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 542PU UT WOS:000273507900002 ER PT S AU Moe, D Sampath, A Christopherson, J Benson, M AF Moe, Donald Sampath, Aparajithan Christopherson, Jon Benson, Mike BE Wagner, W Szekely, B TI SELF CALIBRATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM FORMAT DIGITAL CAMERAS SO 100 YEARS ISPRS ADVANCING REMOTE SENSING SCIENCE, PT 2 SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Technical Commission VII Symposium - 100 Years ISPRS - Advancing Remote Sensing Science CY JUL 05-07, 2010 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP ISPRS DE Photogrammetry; Rectification; Bundle; Camera; Geometric AB The knowledge of a camera's interior orientation parameters are a prerequisite for the camera to be used in any precision photogrammetric project. Historically, the interior orientation parameters have been determined by analyzing the measured ground 3D coordinates of photo-identifiable targets, and their 2D (image) coordinates from multiple images of these targets. Camera self calibration, on the other hand, uses targets on a scene that have not been measured before. In this research, we will briefly discuss existing self calibration techniques, and present two methods for camera self calibration that are being used at the U. S. Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Data Center. The first method, developed by Pictometry (augmented by Dr C.S. Fraser), uses a series of coded targets on a cage. The coded targets form different patterns that are imaged from nine different locations with differing camera orientations. A free network solution using collinearity equations is used to determine the calibration parameters. The coded targets are placed on the cage in three different planes, which allows for a robust calibration procedure. The USGS/EROS has developed an inexpensive method for calibration, particularly for calibrating short focal length cameras. In this case, the coded targets are pasted on a small prototype box and imaged from different locations and camera orientations. The design of the box is discussed, and the results of the box and the cage calibrations are compared and analyzed. C1 [Moe, Donald; Sampath, Aparajithan; Christopherson, Jon] SGT Inc, USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Benson, Mike] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Moe, D (reprint author), SGT Inc, USGS, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM dmoe@usgs.gov; asampath@usgs.gov; jonchris@usgs.gov; benson@usgs.gov OI Sampath, Aparajithan/0000-0002-6922-4913 FU U. S. Geological Survey [08HQCN0005] FX Work performed under U. S. Geological Survey contract 08HQCN0005 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 395 EP 400 PN 7B PG 6 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BA9HT UT WOS:000339410200075 ER PT J AU Hu, YM Que, ZS Zhang, JP Liu, SG Tian, Y Wu, L AF Hu, Yueming Que, Zesheng Zhang, Junping Liu, Shuguang Tian, Yuan Wu, Lun BE Liu, Y Chen, A TI Using a Coordination Degree Model to Evaluate Intensive Urban Land Utilization SO 2010 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY JUN 18-20, 2010 CL Peking Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE GRSS, Geograph Soc China HO Peking Univ DE coordination degree; coordinated development degree; rapid urbanization region; intensive urban land use AB Rapid economic and social development has led to significant regional land use changes in depth and breadth. There is a strong and urgent need to explore and understand the driving forces and mechanisms behind coordinated development of intensive urban land use, especially in rapid urbanization regions, and examine the degree of coordination development among different systems or sectors. In this paper, we took Panyu District of Guangzhou City, China as an example, and applied the principle of coordination degree model to explore the driving mechanisms of coordinated development of intensive urban land use. Results indicate that Panyu is in the base intensive use stage with an urban land use intensity index of 0.3389. The region is seriously imbalanced among economic, social, and ecological systems because their coordination index was only 0.1307. Coordinated development index among economic, social, and ecological systems was 0.2546, placing it to the moderately imbalanced recessional economy-driven type. Urban land use intensity, coordination, coordination development, and intensity coordination mechanisms varied greatly among subregions or towns. C1 [Tian, Yuan; Wu, Lun] Peking Univ, Inst Remote Sensing & Geog Informat Syst, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Hu, Yueming; Que, Zesheng; Zhang, Junping] S China Agr Univ, Coll Informat, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] USGS EROS Data Ctr, Garretson, SD USA. [Tian, Yuan] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wu, L (reprint author), Peking Univ, Inst Remote Sensing & Geog Informat Syst, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM lwu@urban.pku.edu.cn FU National Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2008BAJ11B04, 2008BAB38B01]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40971125] FX Supported by Research Fund from National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant no. 2008BAJ11B04, 2008BAB38B01) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40971125). NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7302-1 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXN38 UT WOS:000296522300337 ER PT J AU Zhang, JP Nie, XW Hu, YM Liu, SG Tian, Y Wu, L AF Zhang, Junping Nie, Xiaowen Hu, Yueming Liu, Shuguang Tian, Yuan Wu, Lun BE Liu, Y Chen, A TI A Method for Land Surveying Sampling Optimization Strategy SO 2010 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOINFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics CY JUN 18-20, 2010 CL Peking Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE GRSS, Geograph Soc China HO Peking Univ DE land survey; sample capacity; sampling technique; Moran's I; Quick-BP neural network AB At present, how to select a limited but representative sample dataset from the existing land information database to guide the new round of land survey and assessment sampling is a critical issue for land sampling strategy study. As a case study to determine and analyze the sample capacity and sample spatial location of land survey sampling for the study area, Panyu District in Guangzhou, the paper developed the strategy based on the combination of classical sampling technique and geographical model under a certain confidence level and estimation accuracy requirement, and the performance of the sampling strategy was then evaluated by the Global Geary's C and the Quick-BP neural network model respectively. The test result showed that, compared with traditional c-means clustering sampling method, the accuracy of the sampling prediction based on local Moran index spatial clustering sampling method was increased by 13.57% which abstracted better the land information in the database. C1 [Zhang, Junping; Nie, Xiaowen; Hu, Yueming] South China Agr Univ, Coll Informat, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] USGS EROS, Data Ctr, St Garretson, SD 57030 USA. [Tian, Yuan; Wu, Lun] Peking Univ, Inst Remote Sensing & Geograph Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tian, Yuan] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geo Informat, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Hu, YM (reprint author), South China Agr Univ, Coll Informat, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM ymhu163@163.com FU Research Fund from National Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2008BAJ11B04, 2008BAB38B01]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40971125] FX Supported by Research Fund from National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant no. 2008BAJ11B04, 2008BAB38B01) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40971125). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-7302-1 PY 2010 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXN38 UT WOS:000296522300105 ER PT S AU Angal, A Chander, G Choi, T Wu, AS Xiong, XX AF Angal, Amit Chander, Gyanesh Choi, Taeyoung (Jason) Wu, Aisheng Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) GP IEEE TI THE USE OF THE SONORAN DESERT AS A PSEUDO-INVARIANT SITE FOR OPTICAL SENSOR CROSS-CALIBRATION AND LONG-TERM STABILITY MONITORING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB The Sonoran Desert is a large, flat, pseudo-invariant site near the United States-Mexico border. It is one of the largest and hottest deserts in North America, with an area of 311,000 square km. This site is particularly suitable for calibration purposes because of its high spatial and spectral uniformity and reasonable temporal stability. This study uses measurements from four different sensors, Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Aqua MODIS, and Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM), to assess the suitability of this site for long-term stability monitoring and to evaluate the "radiometric calibration differences" between spectrally matching bands of all four sensors. In general, the drift in the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance of each sensor over a span of nine years is within the specified calibration uncertainties. Monthly precipitation measurements of the Sonoran Desert region were obtained from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN), and their effects on the retrieved TOA reflectances were evaluated. To account for the combined uncertainties in the TOA reflectance due to the surface and atmospheric Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), a semi-empirical BRDF model has been adopted to monitor and reduce the impact of illumination geometry differences on the retrieved TOA reflectances. To evaluate calibration differences between the MODIS and Landsat sensors, correction for spectral response differences using a hyperspectral sensor is also demonstrated. C1 [Angal, Amit] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Chander, Gyanesh] USGS, EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Choi, Taeyoung (Jason); Wu, Aisheng] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Angal, A (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 1656 EP 1659 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652812 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933801204 ER PT S AU Wang, YQ Nemani, R Dieffenbach, F Stolte, K Holcomb, G Robinson, M Reese, CC McNiff, M Duhaime, R Tierney, G Mitchell, B August, P Paton, P LaBash, C AF Wang, Yeqiao Nemani, Ramakrishna Dieffenbach, Fred Stolte, Kenneth Holcomb, Glenn Robinson, Matt Reese, C. Casey McNiff, Marcia Duhaime, Roland Tierney, Geri Mitchell, Brian August, Peter Paton, Peter LaBash, Charles GP IEEE TI DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MONITORING, REPORTING AND FORECASTING ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Appalachian Trail; Data Integration; Visualization; TOPS ID HABITAT SUITABILITY AB This paper introduces a collaborative multi-agency effort to develop an Appalachian Trail (A. T.) MEGA-Transect Decision Support System (DSS) for monitoring, reporting and forecasting ecological conditions of the A. T. and the surrounding lands. The project is to improve decision-making on management of the A. T. by providing a coherent framework for data integration, status reporting and trend analysis. The A. T. MEGA-Transect DSS is to integrate NASA multi-platform sensor data and modeling through the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) and in situ measurements from A. T. MEGA-Transect partners to address identified natural resource priorities and improve resource management decisions. C1 [Wang, Yeqiao; Duhaime, Roland; August, Peter; Paton, Peter; LaBash, Charles] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Nemani, Ramakrishna] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dieffenbach, Fred; Mitchell, Brian] NPS Appalachian Natl Scen Trail, Northeast Temperate Network, Woodstock, VT 05091 USA. [Stolte, Kenneth] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stat, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Holcomb, Glenn] US Geol Survey, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Robinson, Matt] Appalachian Trail Conservancy, Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 USA. [Reese, C. Casey] Appalachian Natl Scen Trail, Natl Park Serv, Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 USA. [McNiff, Marcia] USGS, Natl Biol Informat Infrastruct, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tierney, Geri] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Wang, YQ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM yqwang@uri.edu FU NASA [NNX09AV82G]; NASA/Rhode Island Space Grant Consortium [NNG05GG71H, 00000258] FX The primary funding for this study was provided by NASA (Grant NNX09AV82G). NASA/Rhode Island Space Grant Consortium partially sponsored field data collection in the Northeastern segments (Grant NNG05GG71H sub-award 00000258) NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 2095 EP 2098 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651835 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933802061 ER PT S AU Feng, M Huang, CQ Zhu, ZL AF Feng, Min Huang, Chengquan Zhu, Zhiliang GP IEEE TI A DISTRIBUTED DATA SYSTEM FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY ECOSYSTEM SERVICES MODELING SO 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) on Remote Sensing - Global Vision for Local Action CY JUN 25-30, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE geospatial; metadata; database; WebGIS ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; TOOLS AB Ecosystem services are diverse, and ecosystem modeling requires data from various sources and outputs from other models. To facilitate the data management sharing and accessing in the interdisciplinary ecosystem modeling, we brought forward a distributed architecture, and address the interoperability problems with OGC standards. The paper introduces the database and metadata schema we designed to support data management and processing inside dataset. We developed two Web systems to facilitate both modeling systems and modelers on data discovering and accessing. C1 [Feng, Min] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Feng, Min; Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Feng, M (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. FU Development of a Data Management System to Support the USGS Carbon Sequestration Study [Y0Y00050AN]; U.S. Geological Survey; University or Maryland FX The research was funded by Development of a Data Management System to Support the USGS Carbon Sequestration Study (Y0Y00050AN) sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey and University or Maryland. Thanks Dr. Jinxun Liu for providing the GEMS model. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-9566-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2010 BP 3624 EP 3627 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650672 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BTS07 UT WOS:000287933803195 ER PT S AU Hernandez, M Kepner, WG Goodrich, DC Semmens, DJ AF Hernandez, Mariano Kepner, William G. Goodrich, David C. Semmens, Darius J. BE Liotta, PH Kepner, WG Lancaster, JM Mouat, DA TI The Use of Scenario Analysis to Assess Water Ecosystem Services in Response to Future Land Use Change in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon SO ACHIEVING ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY: ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND HUMAN WELFARE SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series E-Human and Societal Dynamics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Achieving Environmental Security - Ecosystem Services and Human Welfare CY JUL 05-10, 2009 CL Salve Regina Univ, Pell Ctr Int Relat & Publ Policy, Newport, RI SP NATO, Sci Peace & Secur Programme, US Environm Protect Agcy, United Nat Environm Programme HO Salve Regina Univ, Pell Ctr Int Relat & Publ Policy DE Ecosystem services; hydrological process models; scenario analysis; Willamette River; alternative futures; watershed assessment; sediment yield; nitrate; phosphorus; nutrients ID SWAT AB Human pressures on the natural resources of the United States have resulted in many unintended changes in our ecosystems, e.g., loss of biodiversity, habitat degradation, increases in the number of endangered species, and increases in contamination and water pollution. Environmental managers are concerned about broad-scale changes in land use and landscape pattern and their cumulative impact on hydrologic and ecological processes that affect stream conditions. The type of land use and land cover has direct consequences for most ecosystem services, including water quantity and water quality, erosion control, and biodiversity. As human pressure continues to increase, ecosystem services worldwide are projected to suffer continued loss and degradation, thus reducing the capacity of ecosystems to provide essential goods and services that contribute to human well-being [1]. The ability to assess, report, and forecast the life support functions of ecosystems is absolutely critical to our capacity to make informed decisions that will maintain the sustainable nature of our environment and secure these resources into the future. This study presents an integrated approach to identify areas with potential water quality problems as a result of land cover change projected by stakeholders within a moderately large river basin in the Pacific Northwest (USA). A process-based hydrologic watershed model was used to examine the contribution of land use/land cover to sediment yield, and nitrate and phosphorus loadings, and identify subwatersheds within the Willamette River Basin that would be most affected in the year 2050 relative to three possible future scenarios, which include inherent differences related to conservation, existing planning trends, and open development. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alternative future scenarios that describe varying degrees of urban development and human use on hydrological response related to water quality. Results of this study suggest that the amount of forest along streams and agriculture consistently explained a high percentage of variation in nutrients. The AGWA-SWAT model was used to simulate change in sediment yield, nitrate and phosphorus transported with surface runoff for the three future scenarios. With regard to nitrate, the greatest increase was associated with subwatersheds with agricultural land use and urban areas. Although the model predicted some improvement in basin headwaters for all scenarios, nitrate loadings are expected to decrease under the conservation scenario. The largest decrease was observed in the Coast Range. With regard to phosphorus loadings, the greatest reduction was observed in subwatersheds draining predominantly forest areas. The greatest increase was observed under the open development scenario in subwatersheds with agricultural land use. Urbanization and agriculture are presumed to be the major environmental stressors affecting watershed condition of the Willamette River Basin. C1 [Hernandez, Mariano; Goodrich, David C.] ARS, USDA, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kepner, William G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Semmens, Darius J.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hernandez, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mariano.hernandez@ars.usda.gov RI Zhang, Jianming/A-2994-2011 OI Zhang, Jianming/0000-0001-7053-7696 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1879-8268 BN 978-1-60750-579-2; 978-1-60750-578-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC PY 2010 VL 69 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-579-2-97 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BC1NG UT WOS:000350279800008 ER PT J AU Criffield, MA Hellgren, EC Leslie, DM AF Criffield, Marc A. Hellgren, Eric C. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Density estimation and survey validation for swift fox Vulpes velox in Oklahoma SO ACTA THERIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE swift fox; mark recapture; density estimates; indices of relative abundance; Oklahoma ID WESTERN KANSAS; EASTERN COLORADO; OCCUPANCY RATES; NEW-MEXICO; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL AB The swift fox Vulpes velox Say, 1823, a small canid native to shortgrass prairie ecosystems of North America, has been the subject of enhanced conservation and research interest because of restricted distribution and low densities. Previous studies have described distributions of the species in the southern Great Plains, but data on density are required to evaluate indices of relative abundance and monitor population trends. We examined regressions of swift fox density (estimated by mark-recapture) on timed-track surveys, scat surveys, and catch-per-unit effort indices. Seventy-nine swift foxes (42 male, 37 female) were captured 151 times during 10240 trapnights between May 2003 and December 2004 in the Panhandle of Oklahoma, USA. Density estimates, based on mark-recapture data from autumn 2004, were 0.08-0.44 foxes/km(2). Survey indices explained 51 to 76% of the variation in estimates of fox density. Our study indicates that surveys of time-to-track encounters and scat deposition rates show promise in monitoring trends in population abundance over large areas. C1 [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Criffield, Marc A.; Hellgren, Eric C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Criffield, MA (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 298 Sabal Palm Rd, Naples, FL 34114 USA. EM marc.criffield@myfwc.com OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X FU State Wildlife of Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation [R-3-1, T-4-P-1]; Oklahoma State University FX This project, was funded by State Wildlife Grants R-3-1 and T-4-P-1 of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University. which were administered by the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Department of, Wildlife Conservation, Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, cooperating). We thank K. Freel for her role in this project; and M. Disney, J. North, D. Neubaum, M. Neubaum, and J. Smith for help with field work. We would also like to extend our sincere gratitude to several private landowners for access to land for trapping sessions. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0001-7051 EI 2190-3743 J9 ACTA THERIOL JI Acta Theriol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.4098/j.at.0001-7051.022.2009 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 564QD UT WOS:000275229900006 ER PT S AU Huntington, TG AF Huntington, Thomas G. BE Sparks, DL TI CLIMATE WARMING-INDUCED INTENSIFICATION OF THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PUBLISHED RECORD AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 109 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; SOIL-MOISTURE; NEW-ENGLAND; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; HURRICANE INTENSITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; PRECIPITATION TRENDS; HEAVY PRECIPITATION AB Climate warming is expected to intensify and accelerate the global hydrologic cycle resulting in increases in evaporation, evapotranspiration (ET), atmospheric water-vapor content, and precipitation. The strength of the hydrologic response, or sensitivity of the response for a given degree of warming, is a critical outstanding question in climatology and hydrology. In this review chapter, I examine the published record of trends in various components of the hydrologic cycle and associated variables to assess observed hydrologic responses to warming during the period of observational records. Global and regional trends in evaporation, ET, and atmospheric water-vapor content and several large river basin water-balance studies support an ongoing intensification of the hydrologic cycle. Global trends in precipitation, runoff, and soil moisture are more uncertain than the trends in the variables noted above, in part because of high spatial and temporal variability. Trends in associated variables, such as systematic changes in ocean salinity, the length of the growing season, and the rate of precipitation recycling are generally consistent with intensification of the hydrologic cycle. The evidence for an increase in the frequency, intensity, or duration of extreme-weather events like hurricanes is mixed and remains uncertain. The largest potential impacts to agricultural systems depend greatly on the responses of hydrologic variables that are the most uncertain; for example, intensity and duration of heavy rainfall events; frequency, intensity, and duration of major storms and droughts; and rates of erosion. Impacts on agriculture will depend greatly on how insects, diseases, weeds, nutrient cycling, effectiveness of agrichemicals, and heat stress are affected by an intensification of the hydrologic cycle. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA. OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 290 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-385040-9 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2010 VL 109 BP 1 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(10)09001-2 PG 53 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BSA39 UT WOS:000284028400001 ER PT S AU Guy, M Earle, P Ostrum, C Gruchalla, K Horvath, S AF Guy, Michelle Earle, Paul Ostrum, Chris Gruchalla, Kenny Horvath, Scott BE Cohen, PR Adams, NM Berthold, MR TI Integration and Dissemination of Citizen Reported and Seismically Derived Earthquake Information via Social Network Technologies SO ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS IX, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Intelligent Data Analysis CY MAY 19-21, 2010 CL Tucson, AZ SP Sch Informat Sci, Technol & Arts, Univ Arizona, Sante Fe Inst, Univ Konstanz, ALADDIN Project DE Twitter; micro-blogging; social network; citizen reporting; earthquake; hazard; geospatial-temporal data; time series AB People in the locality of earthquakes are publishing anecdotal information about the shaking within seconds of their occurrences via social network technologies, such as Twitter. In contrast, depending on the size and location of the earthquake, scientific alerts can take between two to twenty minutes to publish. We describe TED (Twitter Earthquake Detector) a system that adopts social network technologies to augment earthquake response products and the delivery of hazard information. The TED system analyzes data from these social networks for multiple purposes: I) to integrate citizen reports of earthquakes with corresponding scientific reports 2) to infer the public level of interest in an earthquake for tailoring outputs disseminated via social network technologies and 3) to explore the possibility of rapid detection of a probable earthquake, within seconds of its occurrence, helping to fill the gap between the earthquake origin time and the presence of quantitative scientific data. C1 [Guy, Michelle; Earle, Paul; Ostrum, Chris] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gruchalla, Kenny] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Horvath, Scott] US Geolog Survey Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Guy, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX Funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act supported a student, Chris Ostrum, for the development of the TED system.Chris is currently at Sierra Nevada Corp, Englewood, CO, USA. We thank M. Hearne and H. Bolton for internal USGS reviews of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product,or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13061-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6065 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPN32 UT WOS:000279393300005 ER PT J AU Stephenson, WJ Odum, JK AF Stephenson, William J. Odum, Jack K. BE Miller, RD Holliger, K Bradford, JH TI Application of the Spatial-autocorrelation Microtremor-array Method for Characterizing S-wave Velocity in the Upper 300 m of Salt Lake Valley, Utah SO ADVANCES IN NEAR-SURFACE SEISMOLOGY AND GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR SE Geophysical Developments Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advances in Near-Surface Seismology and Ground-Penetrating Radar held during the SEG Annual Meeting CY OCT 25-30, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP SEG ID GROUND-MOTION; NOISE AB Spatial-autocorrelation (SPAC) microtremor-array data acquired at 14 sites in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, characterize S-wave velocities to depths as great as 300 m. Three data sets acquired at each site were analyzed simultaneously using equilateral triangular arrays with sensors deployed at 33.3-m, 100-m, and 300-m separation. Of the 14 sites, eight were within 1.2 km of active-source (vibroseis) body- and surface-wave acquisition sites, and two were within 0.7 km of boreholes logged for S-wave velocity (V-S) to at least 50-m depth. A comparison to these existing active-source and borehole models indicates that these SPAC V-S results typically differ by less than 10% on average to 100-m depth. At a majority of the investigation sites, SPAC modeling results can be interpreted confidently to more than 150-m depth. Linear ground-motion amplification spectra derived from these profiles of V-S versus depth suggest amplification factors of more than three can occur at frequencies in the band of 0.5 to 4 Hz from the base of unconsolidated sediments in the upper 300 m. C1 [Stephenson, William J.; Odum, Jack K.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Stephenson, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA PO BOX 702740, TULSA, OK 74170 USA BN 978-1-56080-224-2 J9 GEOPHYS DEV SER PY 2010 VL 15 BP 447 EP 460 DI 10.1190/1.9781560802259.ch28 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BC3UQ UT WOS:000352001900029 ER PT J AU Barger, TW Cressler, A Holt, BD Medley, M AF Barger, T. Wayne Cressler, Alan Holt, Brian D. Medley, Max TI Asplenium abscissum Willd. (Cutleaf Spleenwort) in Alabama. SO AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barger, T. Wayne; Holt, Brian D.] Alabama Dept Conservat, Nat Heritage Sect, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. [Cressler, Alan] US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Barger, TW (reprint author), Alabama Dept Conservat, Nat Heritage Sect, 64 N Union St, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FERN SOC INC PI ST LOUIS PA C/O DR GEORGE YATSKIEVYCH, MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-8444 J9 AM FERN J JI Am. Fern J. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1640/0002-8444-100.1.54 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 619DU UT WOS:000279410200007 ER PT J AU Duncan, KE Dailey, LA Ghio, AJ Bern, AM Lowers, HA Meeker, GP Padilla-Carlin, DJ Devlin, RB AF Duncan, K. E. Dailey, L. A. Ghio, A. J. Bern, A. M. Lowers, H. A. Meeker, G. P. Padilla-Carlin, D. J. Devlin, R. B. TI Inflammatory And Oxidative Stress Response Associated With In Vitro Exposure of Cultured Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells To Different Size Fractions Of Libby-Type Amphibole And Amosite Asbestos SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Duncan, K. E.; Padilla-Carlin, D. J.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dailey, L. A.; Ghio, A. J.; Devlin, R. B.] US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Bern, A. M.] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Lowers, H. A.; Meeker, G. P.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM duncan.kelly@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2010 VL 181 MA A1148 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29TP UT WOS:000208771000149 ER PT J AU Padilla-Carlin, DJ Schladweiler, MCJ Kodavanti, UP Shannahan, JH Bern, AM Lowers, HA Meeker, GP Gavett, SH AF Padilla-Carlin, D. J. Schladweiler, M. C. J. Kodavanti, U. P. Shannahan, J. H. Bern, A. M. Lowers, H. A. Meeker, G. P. Gavett, S. H. TI Inflammation And Growth Factor mRNA Expression In Lung Tissue Of F344 Rats Exposed To Libby Amphibole Asbestos SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Padilla-Carlin, D. J.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Durham, NC USA. [Schladweiler, M. C. J.; Kodavanti, U. P.; Gavett, S. H.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Shannahan, J. H.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Bern, A. M.] US EPA, Denver, CO USA. [Lowers, H. A.; Meeker, G. P.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Carlin.Danielle@epa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2010 VL 181 MA A1756 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29TP UT WOS:000208771000756 ER PT J AU Eitzmann, JL Paukert, CP AF Eitzmann, Jeffrey L. Paukert, Craig P. TI Longitudinal Differences in Habitat Complexity and Fish Assemblage Structure of a Great Plains River SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FLATHEAD CATFISH; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; LENGTH; USA AB We investigated tire spatial variation in the Kansas River (USA) fish assemblage to determine how fish community structure changes with habitat complexity in a large river. Fishes were collected at ten sites throughout the Kansas River for assessing assemblage structure in summer 2007. Aerial imagery indicated riparian land rise within 200 in from the river edge was dominated by agriculture in the upper river reaches (>35%) and tended to increase ill Urban land Use ill the lower reaches (>58%). Instream habitat complexity (number of braided channels, islands) also decreased with increased urban area (<25%). Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that species that prefer high-velocity flows and sandy substrate (e.g., blare slicker Cycleptus elongatus and shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus plalorynchus) were associated with the upper river reaches. Abundance of omnivorous and planktivorous fish species were also higher in the lower liver. The presence of fluvial dependent and fluvial specialist species was associated with sites with higher water flows, more sand bars, and log jams. Our results suggest that conserving intolerant, native species in the Kansas River may require maintaining suitable habitat for these species and restoration of impacted areas of the river. C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 163 IS 1 BP 14 EP 32 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537WJ UT WOS:000273144700002 ER PT J AU Epperson, DM Allen, CR AF Epperson, D. M. Allen, C. R. TI Red Imported Fire Ant Impacts on Upland Arthropods in Southern Mississippi SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; RANGE EXPANSION; SUGARCANE BORER; CENTRAL TEXAS; NATIVE ANTS; INVASION; COMMUNITY; LEPIDOPTERA; FENOXYCARB AB Red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) have negative impacts on a broad array of invertebrate species. We investigated the impacts of fire ants on the Upland arthropod community on 20 similar to 40 ha study sites in southern Mississippi. Study sites were sampled from 1997-2000 before, during, and after fire ant bait treatments to reduce fire ant populations. Fire ant abundance was assessed with bait transects on all sites, and fire ant population indices were estimated on a subset of study sites. Species richness and diversity of other ant species was also assessed from bait transects. Insect biomass and diversity was determined from light trap samples. Following treatments, fire ant abundance and population indices were significantly reduced, and ant species diversity and richness were greater on treated sites. Arthropod biomass, species diversity and species richness estimated from light trap samples were negatively correlated with fire ant abundance, but there were no observable treatment effects. Solenopsis invicta has the potential to negatively impact native arthropod communities resulting in a potential loss of both species and function. C1 [Allen, C. R.] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Epperson, DM (reprint author), DOI Minerals Management Serv, 1201 Elmwood Pk Blvd, New Orleans, LA USA. EM deborah.epperson@mms.gov FU US Department of Defense; United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Department of Defense. An earlier version of this manuscript was improved comments from A-M Callcott and J. Zettler. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 163 IS 1 BP 54 EP 63 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537WJ UT WOS:000273144700005 ER PT J AU Thaker, M Fries, J Epp, K Gabor, C AF Thaker, Maria Fries, Joe Epp, Kristen Gabor, Caitlin TI Cohabitation patterns of the San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article DE aggregation; aquatic salamander; shelter use; site tenacity; territoriality ID SHELTER USE; BEHAVIOR; AGGREGATION; CUES; TERRITORIALITY; CONSPECIFICS; POPULATION; STRATEGIES; RESPONSES; CAUDATA AB Social interactions of conspecifics are a function of complex relationships involving resource defense, anti-predatory tactics, and mate acquisition. Consequently, individuals often associate non-randomly with conspecifics in their habitats, with spatial distributions of adults ranging from territorial spacing to aggregations. Site tenacity and cohabitation patterns have been well studied in many species of terrestrial salamander; however, less is understood about these behaviors in aquatic species. We examined the cohabitation patterns of intrasexual and intersexual pairs of the federally threatened, paedomorphic San Marcos salamander (Eurycea nana) under artificial shelters in a laboratory setting over a 20-day period. We found that intrasexual female pairs and intersexual pairs were found cohabiting more often than intrasexual male pairs. We also assessed site tenacity by examining shelter affinity and found that both males and females inhabited one of the two shelters more often than expected from random habitation, regardless of whether they were in intersexual or intrasexual pairings. Our results indicate that although both sexes of Eurycea nana exhibit site affinity, the sex of individuals is an important determinant of cohabitation patterns. C1 [Thaker, Maria; Epp, Kristen; Gabor, Caitlin] Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Fries, Joe] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Epp, Kristen] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, KS 66067 USA. [Thaker, Maria] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. RP Epp, K (reprint author), Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM kristen.epp@ottawa.edu FU US Geological Survey [1448-20181-01-J824] FX We thank D. Hews, R. Jaeger, A. Aspbury and A.T. Vanak for constructive comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by the US Geological Survey (Grant 1448-20181-01-J824 to C.R. Gabor and J.N. Fries). Salamanders were collected under permits from US Fish and Wildlife Service (TE676811-9) and Texas Parks and Wildlife (SPR-0390-045). The experiments comply with the current animal care laws of the United States. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1163/017353710X524697 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 676PH UT WOS:000283924000007 ER PT J AU Isenor, M Kaminskyj, SGW Rodriguez, RJ Redman, RS Gough, KM AF Isenor, Merrill Kaminskyj, Susan G. W. Rodriguez, Russell J. Redman, Regina S. Gough, Kathleen M. TI Characterization of mannitol in Curvularia protuberata hyphae by FTIR and Raman spectromicroscopy SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID STRESS TOLERANCE; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; PLANT; SYMBIOSIS; METABOLISM; ROLES AB FTIR and Raman spectromicroscopy were used to characterize the composition of Curvularia protuberata hyphae, and to compare a strain isolated from plants inhabiting geothermal soils with a non-geothermal isolate. Thermal IR source images of hyphae have been acquired with a 64 x 64 element focal plane array detector; single point IR spectra have been obtained with synchrotron source light. In some C. protuberata hyphae, we have discovered the spectral signature of crystalline mannitol, a fungal polyol with complex protective roles. With FTIR-FPA imaging, we have determined that the protein content in cells remains fairly constant throughout the length of a hypha, whereas the mannitol is found at discrete, irregular locations. This is the first direct observation of mannitol in intact fungal hyphae. Since the concentration of mannitol in cells varies with respect to position and is not present in all hyphae, this discovery may be related to habitat adaptation, fungal structure and growth stages. C1 [Isenor, Merrill; Gough, Kathleen M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Kaminskyj, Susan G. W.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Rodriguez, Russell J.; Redman, Regina S.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Rodriguez, Russell J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Redman, Regina S.] Univ Washington, Sch Forestry, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gough, KM (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM kmgough@cc.umanitoba.ca FU NSERC; CIHR ITMHRT; Manitoba Graduate Scholarship; National Science Foundation [DMR-0537588] FX This research was supported by grants from NSERC to KMG and SGWK. The authors are grateful to L. Tzadu, Dr. S. Gajjeraman (U. Manitoba), X. Bao (U. Saskatchewan), Dr. R. Julian (SRC), Dr. Luca Quaroni and Dr. Tim May (CLS) for assistance with data collection. MI has been supported by the CIHR ITMHRT strategic training program, a Manitoba Graduate Scholarship and an NSERC CGS-M scholarship. This work is based in part upon research conducted at the Synchrotron Radiation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under award no. DMR-0537588. Additional support was provided by the US Geological Survey, NSF (0414463), and ARO (54120-LS). The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 12 BP 3249 EP 3254 DI 10.1039/c0an00534g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 680VT UT WOS:000284265700032 PM 20963233 ER PT S AU Bilham, R Bali, BS Bhat, MI Hough, S AF Bilham, Roger Bali, Bikram Singh Bhat, M. Ismail Hough, Susan BE Sintubin, M Stewart, IS Niemi, TM Altunel, E TI Historical earthquakes in Srinagar, Kashmir: Clues from the Shiva Temple at Pandrethan SO ANCIENT EARTHQUAKES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDIA; INTENSITY AB Srinagar, the capital city of Kashmir, has been shaken numerous times by earthquakes in the past millennium, most recently by damaging earthquakes in 1885 (M 6.2, 30 km to the west) and 2005 (M 7.6, 200 km to the west) with estimated EMS (European Macroseismic Scale) intensity VI-VII. Earthquakes in Kashmir in earlier historical times are known only from fragmentary archival sources. We present and analyze unique, repeat photographs of the Pandrethan Temple near Srinagar, which we conclude can provide clues to the severity of nineteenth-century earthquakes. Photos taken in 1868 and 1885 and recently show that the temple, a 5.5-m-square masonry-block structure constructed ca. A.D. 920, was undamaged by these two earthquakes. We conclude that displaced blocks visible in the earliest extant photograph are the result of stronger shaking in the past, the most probable causal earthquake being in 1828. Considering the fragility of the structure, we conclude that anything greater than EMS intensity IX would have caused structural collapse. We thus conclude that Pandrethan has not experienced EMS intensity greater than VIII in the past 200 yr, and possibly not in the past millennium. C1 [Bilham, Roger] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bilham, Roger] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bali, Bikram Singh; Bhat, M. Ismail] Univ Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India. [Hough, Susan] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Bilham, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2471-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 471 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1130/2010.2471(10) PG 11 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB23 UT WOS:000286333300011 ER PT S AU Rodriguez-Pascua, MA Silva, PG Garduno-Monroy, VH Perez-Lopez, R Israde-Alcantara, I Giner-Robles, JL Bischoff, JL Calvo, JP AF Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A. Silva, P. G. Garduno-Monroy, V. H. Perez-Lopez, R. Israde-Alcantara, I. Giner-Robles, J. L. Bischoff, J. L. Calvo, J. P. BE Sintubin, M Stewart, IS Niemi, TM Altunel, E TI Ancient earthquakes from archaeoseismic evidence during the Visigothic and Islamic periods in the archaeological site of "Tolmo de Minateda" (SE Spain) SO ANCIENT EARTHQUAKES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BAELO-CLAUDIA; SOUTH SPAIN; ROMAN CITY; FAULT; QUATERNARY; SAGALASSOS; TURKEY; GRABEN; CADIZ AB The ruins of the ancient settlement of "El Tolmo de Minateda" are one of the best representative archaeological sites within the Albacete Province (SE Spain), characterized by a well-preserved record for the last similar to 3800 yr. The present ruins record an almost continuous of occupation from the Late Bronze Age (Iberian Culture, from ca. third century B.C.) to the High Middle Ages, including intervening and successive Roman, Visigoth, and Muslim city remains. The eventual Muslim settlement was abruptly abandoned and destroyed during the ninth-tenth centuries A.D., leaving a lack of any archaeological evidence of war or decay. Another previous anomalous archaeological episode of abrupt city abandonment and destruction is recorded during the Visigothic Period (seventh century). The archaeological record of this city supports evidence for earthquake damage linked to both periods of city abandonment and destruction, including oriented collapse of walls, watchtowers, and columns, oriented cracking of walls and column drums, as well as in situ broken pottery, abrupt abandonment of kilns, and anomalous sedimentary infilling of canals and water-supply facilities. Additionally, large-scale rockfalls containing Visigothic carved tombs are also apparently associated with both episodes, constituting one of the few instances of combined geoarchaeological evidence of earthquake ground effects ever reported. As a means of testing the theoretical archaeoseismic potential of this site, we obtained an archaeoseismic quality factor (AQF) value of 0.074. C1 [Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A.; Perez-Lopez, R.; Calvo, J. P.] Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Area Riesgos Geol, Madrid 28003, Spain. [Silva, P. G.] Univ Salamanca, Dept Geol, Escuela Politecn Super Avila, Avila 05003, Spain. [Garduno-Monroy, V. H.; Israde-Alcantara, I.] Univ Michoacana, Dept Geol & Mineral, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. [Giner-Robles, J. L.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Geol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Bischoff, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Lab Geochronol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rodriguez-Pascua, MA (reprint author), Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Area Riesgos Geol, Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain. EM ma.rodriguez@igme.es; pgsilva@usal.es; vgmonroy@zeus.umich.mx; r.perez@igme.es; aisrade@zeus.umich.mx; jorge.giner@uam.es; jbischoff@usgs.gov; jose.calvo@igme.es RI Giner-Robles, Jorge /H-5063-2011; Silva, Pablo G/G-8950-2015; Rodriguez-Pascua, Miguel/H-9323-2015; OI Giner-Robles, Jorge /0000-0002-1507-4796; Silva, Pablo G/0000-0003-1470-292X; Rodriguez-Pascua, Miguel/0000-0001-5174-119X; Perez, Raul/0000-0002-9132-4806 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2471-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 471 BP 171 EP 184 DI 10.1130/2010.2471(15) PG 14 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB23 UT WOS:000286333300016 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Hodgson, GR Duda, JJ Emlen, JM AF Welsh, H. H., Jr. Hodgson, G. R. Duda, J. J. Emlen, J. M. TI Faunal assemblages and multi-scale habitat patterns in headwater tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River - an unregulated river embedded within a multiple-use landscape SO ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Headwater tributaries; Bio-indicators; Multi-scale; Ecological integrity ID STREAM AMPHIBIANS; LAND-USE; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SPATIAL SCALES; FOREST HARVEST; RIPARIAN ZONES; BIODIVERSITY; CALIFORNIA AB Faunal assemblages and multi scale habitat patterns in headwater tributaries of the South Fork Trinity River an unregulated river embedded within a multiple use landscape. Headwaters can represent 80% of stream kilometers in a watershed, and they also have unique physical and biological properties that have only recently been recognized for their importance in sustaining healthy functioning stream networks and their ecological services. We sampled 60 headwater tributaries in the South Fork Trinity River, a 2,430 km(2), mostly forested, multiple use watershed in northwestern California. Our objectives were: (1) to differentiate unique headwater types using 69 abiotic and vegetation variables measured at three spatial scales, and then to reduce these to informative subsets; (2) determine if distinct biota occupied the different tributary types; (3) determine the environmental attributes associated with the presence and abundance of these biotic assemblages; and (4) using niche modeling, determine key attribute thresholds to illustrate how these biota could be employed as metrics of system integrity and ecological services. Several taxa were sufficiently abundant and widespread to use as bio-indicators: the presence and abundance of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), herpetofauna (reptile and amphibian) species richness, and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) represented different trophic positions, value as commercial resources (steelhead), sensitivity to environmental stress (amphibians), and indicators of biodiversity (herpetofauna species richness). Herpetofauna species richness did not differ, but abundances of steelhead trout, signal crayfish, and amphibian richness all differed significantly among tributary types. Niche models indicated that distribution and abundance patterns in both riparian and aquatic environments were associated with physical and structural attributes at multiple spatial scales, both within and around reaches. The bio-indicators responded to unique sets of attributes, reflecting the high environmental heterogeneity in headwater tributaries across this large watershed. These niche attributes represented a wide range of headwater environments, indicating responses to a number of natural and anthropogenic conditions, and demonstrated the value of using a suite of bio indicators to elucidate watershed conditions, and to examine numerous disturbances that may influence ecological integrity. C1 [Welsh, H. H., Jr.; Hodgson, G. R.] USDA Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Duda, J. J.; Emlen, J. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 FU U.S. interagency Northwest Forest Plan FX We thank D. Ashton, J. Bettaso, C. Collins, T. Fuller, S. Green, L. Heise, A. Herman, N. Karraker, S. McCarthy, B. Norman, J. Sundell, L. Ollivier, K. Schlick, and C. Wheeler for their assistance with field work. We would also like to thank B. Howard for database management and J. Baldwin for statistical assistance. W. Duffy, R. Hoffman, T. Krzysik and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier drafts. This research was partially funded by the U.S. interagency Northwest Forest Plan. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the convenience of the reader and does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 13 PU MUSEU DE CIENCIES NATURALS-ZOOLOGIA PI BARCELONA PA PASSEIG PICASSO S-N, PARC CIUTADELLA, BARCELONA, E-08003, SPAIN SN 1578-665X J9 ANIM BIODIV CONSERV JI Anim. Biodivers. Conserv. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 63 EP 87 PG 25 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 686FQ UT WOS:000284682600007 ER PT J AU Love, JJ Tsai, VC Gannon, JL AF Love, J. J. Tsai, V. C. Gannon, J. L. TI Averaging and sampling for magnetic-observatory hourly data SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetics; Measurement and standards ID MISSING DATA; FIELD; INDEX AB A time and frequency-domain analysis is made of the effects of averaging and sampling methods used for constructing magnetic-observatory hourly data values. Using 1-min data as a proxy for continuous, geomagnetic variation, we construct synthetic hourly values of two standard types: instantaneous "spot" measurements and simple 1-h "boxcar" averages. We compare these average-sample types with others: 2-h average, Gaussian, and "brick-wall" low-frequencypass. Hourly spot measurements provide a statistically unbiased representation of the amplitude range of geomagnetic-field variation, but as a representation of continuous field variation over time, they are significantly affected by aliasing, especially at high latitudes. The 1-h, 2-h, and Gaussian average-samples are affected by a combination of amplitude distortion and aliasing. Brick-wall values are not affected by either amplitude distortion or aliasing, but constructing them is, in an operational setting, relatively more difficult than it is for other average-sample types. It is noteworthy that 1-h average-samples, the present standard for observatory hourly data, have properties similar to Gaussian average-samples that have been optimized for a minimum residual sum of amplitude distortion and aliasing. For 1-h average-samples from medium and low-latitude observatories, the average of the combination of amplitude distortion and aliasing is less than the 5.0 nT accuracy standard established by Intermagnet for modern 1-min data. For medium and low-latitude observatories, average differences between monthly means constructed from 1-min data and monthly means constructed from any of the hourly average-sample types considered here are less than the 1.0 nT resolution of standard databases. We recommend that observatories and World Data Centers continue the standard practice of reporting simple 1-h-average hourly values. C1 [Love, J. J.; Gannon, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Tsai, V. C.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlove@usgs.gov RI Tsai, Victor/J-8405-2012; Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Tsai, Victor/0000-0003-1809-6672; Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2079 EP 2096 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-2079-2010 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 687EM UT WOS:000284760900007 ER PT J AU Li, SW Lissner, J Mendelssohn, IA Brix, H Lorenzen, B McKee, KL Miao, SL AF Li, Shuwen Lissner, Jorgen Mendelssohn, Irving A. Brix, Hans Lorenzen, Bent McKee, Karen L. Miao, Shili TI Nutrient and growth responses of cattail (Typha domingensis) to redox intensity and phosphate availability SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Everglades; growth; nutrient; phosphorus; redox potential; Typha domingensis ID CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE CYPERACEAE; EVERGLADES PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ROOT OXYGEN STRESS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; NORTHERN EVERGLADES; EUTROPHICATION GRADIENT; PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY; RHYNCHOSPORA-TRACYI; SOIL; SAWGRASS AB In the Florida Everglades, the expansion of cattail (Typha domingensis) into areas once dominated by sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) has been attributed to altered hydrology and phosphorus (P) enrichment. The objective of this study was to quantify the interactive effects of P availability and soil redox potential (Eh) on the growth and nutrient responses of Typha, which may help to explain its expansion. The study examined the growth and nutrient responses of Typha to the interactive effects of P availability (10, 80 and 500 mu g P L(-1)) and Eh level (-150, +150 and +600 mV). Plants were grown hydroponically in a factorial experiment using titanium (Ti(3+)) citrate as a redox buffer. Relative growth rate, elongation, root-supported tissue/root ratio, leaf length, lateral root length and biomass, as well as tissue nutrient concentrations, were all adversely affected by low Eh conditions. P availability compensated for the negative effect of low Eh for all these variables except that low P stimulated root length and nutrient use efficiency. The most growth-promoting treatment combination was 500 mu g P L(-1)/ + 600 mV. These results, plus previous data on Cladium responses to P/Eh combinations, document that high P availability and low Eh should benefit Typha more than Cladium as the growth and tissue nutrients of the former species responded more to excess P, even under highly reduced conditions. Therefore, the interactive effects of P enrichment and Eh appear to be linked to the expansion of Typha in the Everglades Water Conservation Area 2A, where both low Eh and enhanced phosphate availability have co-occurred during recent decades. C1 [Li, Shuwen; Lissner, Jorgen; Mendelssohn, Irving A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brix, Hans; Lorenzen, Bent] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [McKee, Karen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Miao, Shili] S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. RP Mendelssohn, IA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM imendel@lsu.edu RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; Brix, Hans/C-5208-2008 OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Brix, Hans/0000-0003-2771-2983 FU South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida [C-6642]; Aage V. Jensen Foundation, Denmark; National Sea; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce FX Primary funding for this research was provided by South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida (Macrophyte Nutrient Kinetics, Contract C-6642). We also thank the Aage V. Jensen Foundation, Denmark, and the Louisiana Sea Grant Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, for additional travel and salary support. NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 105 IS 1 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1093/aob/mcp213 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534UW UT WOS:000272923900030 PM 19748907 ER PT J AU Brunt, KM Fricker, HA Padman, L Scambos, TA O'Neel, S AF Brunt, Kelly M. Fricker, Helen A. Padman, Laurie Scambos, Ted A. O'Neel, Shad TI Mapping the grounding zone of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using ICESat laser altimetry SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; PINE ISLAND GLACIER; WEST ANTARCTICA; EAST ANTARCTICA; SHEET; COLLAPSE; CAVITY; MODEL; MODIS AB We use laser altimetry from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) to map the grounding zone (CZ) of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, at 491 locations where ICESat tracks cross the grounding line (GL). Ice flexure in the GZ occurs as the ice shelf responds to short-term sea-level changes due primarily to tides. ICESat repeat-track analysis can be used to detect this region of flexure since each repeated pass is acquired at a different tidal phase; the technique provides estimates for both the landward limit of flexure and the point where the ice becomes hydrostatically balanced. We find that the ICESat-derived landward limits of tidal flexure are, in many places, offset by several km (and up to similar to 60 km) from the GL mapped previously using other satellite methods. We discuss the reasons why different mapping methods lead to different GL estimates, including: instrument limitations; variability in the surface topographic structure of the GZ; and the presence of ice plains. We conclude that reliable and accurate mapping of the GL is most likely to be achieved when based on synthesis of several satellite datasets. C1 [Brunt, Kelly M.; Fricker, Helen A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Padman, Laurie] Earth & Space Res, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Scambos, Ted A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Brunt, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kbrunt@ucsd.edu FU NASA [NNX06AH39G] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX06AH39G to Earth & Space Research (subcontract to Scripps Institution of Oceanography). We thank NASA's ICESat Science Project and the US National Snow and Ice Data Center for distribution of the ICESat data (see http://icesat.gsfc.nasa.gov and http://nsidc.org/data/icesat). This is Earth & Space Research contribution No. 129. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 17 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 EI 1727-5644 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2010 VL 51 IS 55 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 640FJ UT WOS:000281034000011 ER PT J AU Feller, IC Lovelock, CE Berger, U McKee, KL Joye, SB Ball, MC AF Feller, I. C. Lovelock, C. E. Berger, U. McKee, K. L. Joye, S. B. Ball, M. C. TI Biocomplexity in Mangrove Ecosystems SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE emergent properties; collective properties; trait plasticity; habitat stability; nutrient cycling; individual-based models ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELS; SALINITY TOLERANCE; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; AVICENNIA-MARINA; FOREST STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AEGICERAS-CORNICULATUM; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; FIELD CONDITIONS AB Mangroves are an ecological assemblage of trees and shrubs adapted to grow in intertidal environments along tropical coasts. Despite repeated demonstration of their economic and societal value, more than 50% of the world's mangroves have been destroyed, 35% in the past two decades to aquaculture and coastal development, altered hydrology, sea-level rise, and nutrient overenrichment. Variations in the structure and function of mangrove ecosystems have generally been described solely on the basis of a hierarchical classification of the physical characteristics of the intertidal environment, including climate, geomorphology, topography, and hydrology. Here, we use the concept of emergent properties at multiple levels within a hierarchical framework to review how the interplay between specialized adaptations and extreme trait plasticity that characterizes mangroves and intertidal environments gives rise to the biocomplexity that distinguishes mangrove ecosystems. The traits that allow mangroves to tolerate variable salinity, flooding, and nutrient availability influence ecosystem processes and ultimately the services they provide. We conclude that an integrated research strategy using emergent properties in empirical and theoretical studies provides a holistic approach for understanding and managing mangrove ecosystems. C1 [Feller, I. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Lovelock, C. E.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Lovelock, C. E.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Berger, U.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Forest Growth & Comp Sci, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. [McKee, K. L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Joye, S. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ball, M. C.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Feller, IC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM felleri@si.edu; c.lovelock@uq.edu.au; uta.berger@forst.tu-dresden.de; mckeek@usgs.gov; mjoye@uga.edu; marilyn.ball@anu.edu.au RI Ball, Marilyn/D-1180-2009; Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9981535]; Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network; Australian Research Council [DP0774491, LP0776680] FX We apologize in advance to all the investigators whose research we could not appropriately cite owing to space limitations. If important references were included in recent reviews, we cited the reviews. We thank Rainer Feller, Anne Chamberlain, and the editorial reviewers of the Annual Review of Marine Science for helpful edits and comments. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (DEB-9981535), the Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network, and Australian Research Council awards DP0774491 and LP0776680. NR 145 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 14 U2 128 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1941-1405 EI 1941-0611 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2010 VL 2 BP 395 EP 417 DI 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163809 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548SA UT WOS:000273985300015 PM 21141670 ER PT B AU Krushelnycky, PD Holway, DA LeBrun, EG AF Krushelnycky, Paul D. Holway, David A. LeBrun, Edward G. BE Lach, L Parr, CL Abbott, KL TI Invasion Processes and Causes of Success SO ANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Krushelnycky, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Haleakala Field Stn, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. [Krushelnycky, Paul D.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Holway, David A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ecol Behav & Evolut, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [LeBrun, Edward G.] Univ Texas Austin, Brackenridge Field Lab, Austin, TX 78703 USA. RP Krushelnycky, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Haleakala Field Stn, POB 369, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. EM pauldk@hawai'i.edu; dholway@biomail.ucsd.edu; elebrun@mail.texas.edu NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-172019-2; 978-0-19-954463-9 PY 2010 BP 245 EP 260 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA BC7SH UT WOS:000355185100020 ER PT B AU Meunier, KT Williams, SR Ferrigno, J AF Meunier, K. Tony Williams, S. Richard Ferrigno, Jane BE Mulder, TJ TI US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES IN THE EXPLORATION OF ANTARCTICA: INTRODUCTION TO ANTARCTICA (INCLUDING USGS FIELD PERSONNEL: 1946-59) SO ANTARCTICA: GLOBAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES SE Arctic Region and Antartica Issues and Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Meunier, K. Tony; Williams, S. Richard; Ferrigno, Jane] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Meunier, KT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-014-5 J9 ARCT REG ANTARCT ISS PY 2010 BP 217 EP 235 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTG79 UT WOS:000286915300007 ER PT B AU Ferrigno, GJ Cook, JA Mathie, MA Williams, SR Swithinbank, C Foley, MK Fox, JA Thomson, WJ Sievers, J AF Ferrigno, G. Jane Cook, J. Alison Mathie, M. Amy Williams, S. Richard Swithinbank, Charles Foley, M. Kevin Fox, J. Adrian Thomson, W. Janet Sievers, Jorn BE Mulder, TJ TI COASTAL-CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE LARSEN ICE SHELF AREA, ANTARCTICA: 1940-2005 SO ANTARCTICA: GLOBAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES SE Arctic Region and Antartica Issues and Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MASS-BALANCE; WEST ANTARCTICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PENINSULA; RETREAT; DISINTEGRATION; COLLAPSE; SHEET; STABILITY C1 [Ferrigno, G. Jane; Cook, J. Alison; Mathie, M. Amy; Williams, S. Richard; Swithinbank, Charles; Foley, M. Kevin; Fox, J. Adrian; Thomson, W. Janet; Sievers, Jorn] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ferrigno, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-014-5 J9 ARCT REG ANTARCT ISS PY 2010 BP 241 EP 279 PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTG79 UT WOS:000286915300009 ER PT B AU Ferrigno, GJ Foley, MK Swithinbank, C Williams, SR AF Ferrigno, G. Jane Foley, M. Kevin Swithinbank, Charles Williams, S. Richard BE Mulder, TJ TI COASTAL-CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE NORTHERN ROSS ICE SHELF AREA, ANTARCTICA: 1962-2004 SO ANTARCTICA: GLOBAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES SE Arctic Region and Antartica Issues and Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; WEST ANTARCTICA; MASS-BALANCE; THICKNESS; GLACIERS; FLOW C1 [Ferrigno, G. Jane; Foley, M. Kevin; Swithinbank, Charles; Williams, S. Richard] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ferrigno, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-014-5 J9 ARCT REG ANTARCT ISS PY 2010 BP 281 EP 300 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTG79 UT WOS:000286915300010 ER PT J AU Froeschke, JT Stunz, GW Sterba-Boatwright, B Wildhaber, ML AF Froeschke, John T. Stunz, Gregory W. Sterba-Boatwright, Blair Wildhaber, Mark L. TI An empirical test of the 'shark nursery area concept' in Texas bays using a long-term fisheries-independent data set SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bull shark; Nursery; Essential Fish Habitat; Gulf of Mexico ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARCHARHINUS-LEUCAS; MARINE NURSERIES; FLORIDA ESTUARY; NORTHERN GULF; TOP PREDATOR; HABITAT; MANAGEMENT; FISH; GROWTH AB Using a long-term fisheries-independent data set, we tested the 'shark nursery area concept' proposed by Heupel et al. (2007) with the suggested working assumptions that a shark nursery habitat would: (1) have an abundance of immature sharks greater than the mean abundance across all habitats where they occur; (2) be used by sharks repeatedly through time (years); and (3) see immature sharks remaining within the habitat for extended periods of time. We tested this concept using young-of-the-year (age 0) and juvenile (age 1+ yr) bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas from gill-net surveys conducted in Texas bays from 1976 to 2006 to estimate the potential nursery function of 9 coastal bays. Of the 9 bay systems considered as potential nursery habitat, only Matagorda Bay satisfied all 3 criteria for young-of-the-year bull sharks. Both Matagorda and San Antonio Bays met the criteria for juvenile bull sharks. Through these analyses we examined the utility of this approach for characterizing nursery areas and we also describe some practical considerations, such as the influence of the temporal or spatial scales considered when applying the nursery role concept to shark populations. C1 [Froeschke, John T.; Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Froeschke, John T.; Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Sterba-Boatwright, Blair] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Wildhaber, Mark L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Froeschke, JT (reprint author), Gulf Mexico Fishery Management Council, 2203 N Lois Ave,Suite 1100, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. EM john.froeschke@gulfcouncil.org FU United States Department of the Interior [07HQAG0151]; Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi FX Funding for this study was provided by the United States Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement no. 07HQAG0151, The Texas Research Development Fund at Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi. Gill-net data for sharks was courtesy of Dr. Mark Fisher of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries Division. Without their generous cooperation and allowing us access to data, this study would not have been possible. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government (e.g. the freeware R). NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 EI 1864-7782 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.3354/ab00290 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 681PE UT WOS:000284328400007 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Zawada, DG Fujisaki, I Lidz, BH AF Hart, Kristen M. Zawada, David G. Fujisaki, Ikuko Lidz, Barbara H. TI Inter-nesting habitat-use patterns of loggerhead sea turtles: enhancing satellite tracking with benthic mapping SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dry Tortugas; Caretta caretta; Marine protected area; MPA; Marine spatial planning; Satellite telemetry; Benthic cover; Habitat mapping; Fixed-kernel density estimator ID GREEN CHELONIA-MYDAS; CARETTA-CARETTA; HOME-RANGE; INTERNESTING INTERVALS; LOCATION ACCURACY; TELEMETRY; FLORIDA; MIGRATIONS; MANAGEMENT; AREA AB The loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta faces declining nest numbers and bycatches from commercial longline fishing in the southeastern USA. Understanding spatial and temporal habitat-use patterns of these turtles, especially reproductive females in the neritic zone, is critical for guiding management decisions. To assess marine turtle habitat use within the Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO), we used satellite telemetry to identify core-use areas for 7 loggerhead females inter-nesting and tracked in 2008 and 2009. This effort represents the first tracking of DRTO loggerheads, a distinct subpopulation that is 1 of 7 recently proposed for upgrading from threatened to endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. We also used a rapid, high-resolution, digital imaging system to map benthic habitats in turtle core-use areas (i.e. 50% kernel density zones). Loggerhead females were seasonal residents of DRTO for 19 to 51 d, and individual inter-nesting habitats were located within 1.9 km (2008) and 2.3 km (2009) of the nesting beach and tagging site. The core area common to all tagged turtles was 4.2 km(2) in size and spanned a depth range of 7.6 to 11.5 m. Mapping results revealed the diversity and distributions of benthic cover available in the core-use area, as well as a heavily used corridor to/from the nesting beach. This combined tagging-mapping approach shows potential for planning and improving the effectiveness of marine protected areas and for developing spatially explicit conservation plans. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Zawada, David G.; Lidz, Barbara H.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov RI Zawada, David/C-5209-2008 NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.3354/ab00296 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 681PE UT WOS:000284328400008 ER PT J AU Work, TM Vignon, M Aeby, GS AF Work, Thierry M. Vignon, Matthias Aeby, Greta S. TI Microparasite ecology and health status of common bluestriped snapper Lutjanus kasmira from the Pacific Islands SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Common bluestriped snapper; Lutjanus kasmira; Coccidia; Pathology; Epitheliocystis-like organism; Prevalence; Pacific Islands ID INTRODUCED SNAPPER; FISH; PARASITES; POPULATIONS; HOST; AGE; EPITHELIOCYSTIS; AGGREGATION; DISEASE AB Common bluestriped snappers Lutjanus kasmira were intentionally introduced into Hawaii from the South Pacific in the 1950s and have become well established throughout the archipelago. We examined health, prevalence and infection intensity of 2 microparasites, coccidia and epitheliocystis-like organisms (ELO), in L. kasmira from their introduced and native range including the islands where translocated fish originated (Tahiti and Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia) and from several other islands (American Samoa, Fiji and New Caledonia). In addition, we did a longitudinal survey of these parasites in the introduced range. Coccidia and ELO were widely distributed and were found on all islands except for New Caledonia. Health indices, as measured by overall organ lesions, body condition and parasite intensity, indicated that fish from Samoa were the least healthy, and fish from Midway (Hawaiian Archipelago) were the healthiest. Microparasite diversity was highest on Midway and Hawaii and lowest on New Caledonia. Infection of coccidia followed an asymptotic size prevalence curve, whereas that of ELO peaked at larger size classes (27.8 cm). Prevalence and aggregation of both parasites in the host varied dynamically over 8 yr, with prevalence and aggregation of coccidia being consistently higher and lower, respectively, than ELO. We hypothesize that these parasites are enzootic to the Hawaiian Islands and were not introduced with fish from Tahiti or the Marquesas Islands. Host response and aggregation parameters suggest that coccidia exert a negative effect on their host and probably have an indirect life cycle, whereas ELO appears less pathogenic and has a direct life cycle. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Vignon, Matthias] CNRS EPHE UPVD, UMR 5244, Ctr Biol & Ecol Trop & Mediterraneenne, F-66860 Perpignan, France. [Vignon, Matthias] CNRS EPHE, USR 3278, Ctr Rech Insulaires & Observ Environm CRIOBE, Papetoia, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Aeby, Greta S.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 EI 1864-7782 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.3354/ab00250 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 606OK UT WOS:000278436000010 ER PT J AU Fitzsimons, JD Brown, S Brown, L Honeyfield, D He, J Johnson, JE AF Fitzsimons, John D. Brown, Scott Brown, Lisa Honeyfield, Dale He, Ji Johnson, James E. TI Increase in lake trout reproduction in Lake Huron following the collapse of alewife: Relief from thiamine deficiency or larval predation? SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE early mortality syndrome; restoration; predator-prey ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; SPAWNING HABITAT; MICHIGAN WATERS; EGG DEPOSITION; ONTARIO; FRY; SUPERIOR; SALMONINES AB In the Great Lakes there is still uncertainty as to the population level effects of a thiamine deficiency on salmonines caused by high consumption of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus. A resurgence of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush reproduction in Lake Huron following the crash of alewife stocks between 2002 and 2004 provided an opportunity to evaluate the relative effects of this crash on reproduction through relief from either alewife mediated thiamine deficiency or alewife predation on larval lake trout relative to possible changes in the size of the lake trout spawning stock. Changes in mean lake trout egg thiamine concentration post crash at one spawning reef in Parry Sound, where mean thiamine concentration increased by almost two-fold, were consistent with diet switching from alewives to rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, the next most abundant prey fish in Lake Huron. Although thiamine levels for lake trout collected at a second reef in Parry Sound did not change post-crash, levels both pre- and post-crash were consistent with a rainbow smelt diet. A reef specific fry emergence index was found to be positively related to reef specific egg thiamine concentration but negatively related to reef specific occurrence of EMS, a thiamine deficiency related mortality syndrome. We found little evidence for overlap between the timing of spring shoreward migration of alewives and lake trout emergence, suggesting that relief from alewife predation effects had relatively little effect on the observed increase in lake trout recruitment. Numbers of spawners in the north, north-central, and southern zones of the lake increased from 2000 onwards. Overall the abundance post-2003 was higher than from pre-2004, suggesting that spawner abundance may also have contributed to increased lake trout reproduction. However, predicted numbers of spawners and measured abundance of wild recruits in assessment gear were poorly correlated suggesting that the increase in reproduction was not totally spawner dependent and hence relief from thiamine deficiency was also likely involved. We conclude from this that eliminating the effects of an alewife diet mediated thiamine deficiency can have positive effects on lake trout reproduction but more research is required to understand the effect of spawner number and the role of spawning habitat availability. C1 [Fitzsimons, John D.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Brown, Scott; Brown, Lisa] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Honeyfield, Dale] US Geol Survey, Wellsboro, PA USA. [He, Ji; Johnson, James E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena, MI USA. RP Fitzsimons, JD (reprint author), Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada. EM john.fitzsimons@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1080/14634980903581252 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 568JG UT WOS:000275518000011 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ AF Schofield, Pamela J. TI Update on geographic spread of invasive lionfishes (Pterois volitans [Linnaeus, 1758] and P. miles [Bennett, 1828]) in the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Lionfish; Pterois volitans; P. miles; non-native marine fishes; Scorpaenidae AB The Indo-Pacific lionfishes (Pterois volitans [Linnaeus, 1758] and P. miles [Bennett, 1828]: Family Scorpaenidae) are the first non-native marine fishes to establish in the Western North Atlantic/Caribbean region. The chronology of the invasion was reported last year (Schofield 2009) using records from the US Geological Survey's Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database. This article provides an update of lionfish geographic spread (as of October 2010) and predictions of future range. C1 US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM pschofield@usgs.gov FU USGS Invasive Species Program; US Fish and Wildlife FX This work was supported by the USGS Invasive Species Program and US Fish and Wildlife, Region 4. Hundreds of individuals have provided data to the USGS-NAS database, and without them this report would not have been possible. Individuals from the USGS (A. Benson, P. Fuller, D. R. Gregoire, J. Grosso, J. Langston), NOAA (J. Morris, P. Whitfield), REEF (L. Akins, C. Semmens, A. Adamson), Mote (C. Walter) and FWRI (R. Ruiz-Carus [ret.], E. Matheson), were instrumental in collecting, verifying, documenting and compiling lionfish reports. In particular, Amy Benson (USGS) provided considerable support in many aspects of this paper (including making the maps) for which I am immensely grateful. NR 7 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 75 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JAN-DEC PY 2010 VL 5 SU 1 BP S117 EP S122 DI 10.3391/ai.2010.5.S1.024 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V24DB UT WOS:000208390000024 ER PT J AU Lanyon, JM Sneath, HL Long, T Bonde, RK AF Lanyon, Janet M. Sneath, Helen L. Long, Trevor Bonde, Robert K. TI Physiological Response of Wild Dugongs (Dugong dugon) to Out-of-Water Sampling for Health Assessment SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE dugong; Dugong dugon; capture; sampling; vital signs; heart rate; oral temperature; respiration; health assessment; manatee; sirenian ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS-LATIROSTRIS; MORETON BAY; QUEENSLAND; BEHAVIOR; CAPTURE AB The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a vulnerable marine mammal with large populations living in urban Queensland waters. A mark-recapture program for wild dugongs has been ongoing in southern Queensland since 2001. This program has involved capture and in-water sampling of more than 700 dugongs where animals have been held at the water surface for 5 min to be gene-tagged, measured, and biopsied. In 2008, this program expanded to examine more comprehensively body condition, reproductive status, and the health of wild dugongs in Moreton Bay. Using Sea World's research vessel, captured dugongs were lifted onto a boat and sampled out-of-water to obtain accurate body weights and morphometrics, collect blood and urine samples for baseline health parameters and hormone profiles, and ultrasound females for pregnancy status. In all, 30 dugongs, including two pregnant females, were sampled over 10 d and restrained on deck for up to 55 min each while biological data were collected. Each of the dugongs had their basic temperature-heart rate-respiration (THR) monitored throughout their period of handling, following protocols developed for the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). This paper reports on the physiological response of captured dugongs during this out-of-water operation as indicated by their vital signs and the suitability of the manatee monitoring protocols to this related sirenian species. A recommendation is made that the range of vital signs of these wild dugongs be used as benchmark criteria of normal parameters for other studies that intend to sample dugongs out-of-water. C1 [Lanyon, Janet M.; Sneath, Helen L.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Long, Trevor] Sea World, Southport, Qld 4072, Australia. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Lanyon, JM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM j.lanyon@uq.edu.au OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU Winifred Violet Scott Foundation; Sydney Aquarium Conservation Fund FX Many thanks to The University of Queensland Dugong Research Team: Liz Burgess, Janet Chambers, Giovanni Damiani, Alison Gillespie, John Kirkwood, Erin Neal, Ben Schemel, Rob Slade, Paul Sprecher, Merrick Ekins, and Beren Matthews; to the Sea World team, including David Blyde, Wendy Blanshard, Nick Anson, and Johnno Wordsworth; and to Andrew Barnes from Sydney Aquarium, Tamara Keeley from Taronga Western Plains Zoo, and Cathy Beck of the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Sirenia Project. Dr Jeffery Peereboom kindly donated some blood sampling equipment. Arthur Wong advised us on implementation of the manatee THR monitoring protocol. Funding was provided by the Winifred Violet Scott Foundation and Sydney Aquarium Conservation Fund. The Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation provided generous in-kind support. Dugongs were sampled under The University of Queensland Animal Ethics #ZOO/ENT/344/04/NSF/CRL, Moreton Bay Marine Parks permit #QS2004/CVL228, and Scientific Purposes permit #WISP01660304. This manuscript benefited from the efforts of anonymous reviewers, including two from USGS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 29 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 46 EP 58 DI 10.1578/AM.36.1.2010.46 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 670SP UT WOS:000283447900006 ER PT J AU Alvarez-Aleman, A Beck, CA Powell, JA AF Alvarez-Aleman, Anmari Beck, Cathy A. Powell, James A. TI First Report of a Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in Cuba SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Florida manatee; Trichechus manatus; migration; photo-identification; power plant; Cuba ID POWER-PLANTS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CONSERVATION; SIRENIA AB Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in Florida utilize intake and effluent canals of power plants as resting and thermoregulatory habitat. We report the use of a power plant canal in Cuba by a known Florida manatee, the first documented case of movement by a manatee between Florida and Cuba. In January, February, and April 2007, two manatees (mother and calf) were reported entering a power plant canal in north Havana, Cuba. The larger manatee had several distinctive scars which were photographed. Digital images were matched to a previously known Florida manatee (CR131) with a sighting history dating from December 1979 to July 2006. Exchanges of individuals between Florida and Cuba may have important genetic implications, particularly since there appears to be little genetic exchange between the Florida manatee subspecies with populations of the Antillean manatee subspecies (T. m. manatus) in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. C1 [Alvarez-Aleman, Anmari] Univ La Habana, Ctr Invest Marinas, Havana, Cuba. [Beck, Cathy A.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. [Powell, James A.] Sea Shore Alliance, Sarasota, FL 34233 USA. RP Alvarez-Aleman, A (reprint author), Univ La Habana, Ctr Invest Marinas, Calle 16 114 E 1Ra & 3Ra, Havana, Cuba. EM cbeck@usgs.gov FU Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation FX Many thanks to the power plant staff who informed us quickly of each manatee sighting, enabling us to collect the data for this paper. We are very grateful to Oyaima Gonzalez-Ontivero, Reinaldo Estrada, and Robert Bonde who contributed the manatee pictures. We also wish to thank the townspeople of Santa Cruz who gave us information regarding other manatee reports in this region. Amy Teague and Gaia Meigs-Friend verified the match of CR131 and searched thousands of images for additional photographic documentation from 2005 through 2007. Kari Rood and Sheri Barton reviewed manatee photographic records from southwest Florida for a match to CR131 as well. We are appreciative for their close scrutiny of so many images. We thank the Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation for supporting the manatee conservation work in the Caribbean, and R. K. Bonde, J. Gregg, and three anonymous reviewers who provided very helpful comments to improve this manuscript. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 25 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1578/AM.36.2.2010.148 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 670TW UT WOS:000283451200005 ER PT J AU Harris, HS Oates, SC Staedler, MM Tinker, MT Jessup, DA Harvey, JT Miller, MA AF Harris, Heather S. Oates, Stori C. Staedler, Michelle M. Tinker, M. Tim Jessup, David A. Harvey, James T. Miller, Melissa A. TI Lesions and Behavior Associated with Forced Copulation of Juvenile Pacific Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) by Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE sea otter; Enhydra lutris nereis; harbor seal; Phoca vitulina richardsi; forced copulation; interspecific sexual behavior; mating trauma; pneumoperitoneum ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; FUR SEALS; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; PNEUMOPERITONEUM; LIONS; PUPS; INFANTICIDE; ABDUCTION AB Nineteen occurrences of interspecific sexual behavior between male southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) and juvenile Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) were reported in Monterey Bay, California, between 2000 and 2002. At least three different male sea otters were observed harassing, dragging, guarding, and copulating with harbor seals for up to 7 d postmortem. Carcasses of 15 juvenile harbor seals were recovered, and seven were necropsied in detail by a veterinary pathologist. Necropsy findings from two female sea otters that were recovered dead from male sea otters exhibiting similar behavior are also presented to facilitate a comparison of lesions. The most frequent lesions included superficial skin lacerations; hemorrhage around the nose, eyes, flippers, and perineum; and traumatic corneal erosions or ulcers. The harbor seals sustained severe genital trauma, ranging from vaginal perforation to vagino-cervical transection, and colorectal perforations as a result of penile penetration. One harbor seal developed severe pneumoperitoneum subsequent to vaginal perforation, which was also observed in both female sea otters and has been reported as a postcoital lesion in humans. This study represents the first description of lesions resulting from forced copulation of harbor seals by sea otters and is also the first report of pneumoperitoneum secondary to forced copulation in a nonhuman animal. Possible explanations for this behavior are discussed in the context of sea otter biology and population demographics. C1 [Harris, Heather S.; Jessup, David A.; Miller, Melissa A.] Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Calif Dept Fish & Game, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Oates, Stori C.; Harvey, James T.] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Staedler, Michelle M.] Sea Otter Res & Conservat, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Tinker, M. Tim] Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Harris, HS (reprint author), Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Calif Dept Fish & Game, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM heathersharris@gmail.com RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011 FU University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine FX The authors thank the University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, for awarding the Roy Grant Research Fellowship through the S. T. A. R. summer research program and Dr. Patricia Conrad for her mentorship. We also acknowledge the staff from the California Department of Fish and Game, the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium for their assistance with field observations and necropsies. Carcasses were collected by the CDFG and by the MLML Stranding Network under NMFS permit F/SWR14:JGC. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 51 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1578/AM.36.4.2010.331 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 699EI UT WOS:000285646300001 ER PT S AU Yang, Q Jung, HB Culbertson, C Nielson, M Schalk, C Johnson, C Marvinney, R Loiselle, M Locke, D Cheek, H Thibodeau, H O'Shea, B Stute, M Zheng, Y AF Yang, Q. Jung, H-B Culbertson, C. Nielson, M. Schalk, C. Johnson, C. Marvinney, R. Loiselle, M. Locke, D. Cheek, H. Thibodeau, H. O'Shea, B. Stute, M. Zheng, Y. BE Jean, JS Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI Arsenic in bedrock aquifers in the greater Augusta area, Maine, USA SO ARSENIC IN GEOSPHERE AND HUMAN DISEASES SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment CY MAY 17-21, 2010 CL Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council, Cent Geol Survey, Water Resources Agcy, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Natl Hlth Res Inst, Council Agr HO Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci ID GROUNDWATER C1 [Yang, Q.; Zheng, Y.] CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Jung, H-B] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Flushing, NY USA. [Jung, H-B] CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Culbertson, C.; Nielson, M.; Schalk, C.] US Geol Survey, Maine Water Sci Ctr, Augusta, ME USA. [Johnson, C.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT USA. [Marvinney, R.; Loiselle, M.; Locke, D.; Cheek, H.; Thibodeau, H.] Maine Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA. [O'Shea, B.; Stute, M.; Zheng, Y.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Zheng, Y.] UNICEF Bangladesh, Water & Environm Sanitat Sect, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Yang, Q (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-84531-8; 978-0-415-57898-1 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2010 BP 11 EP 13 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BG7YO UT WOS:000392030500004 ER PT S AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, D. K. BE Jean, JS Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI Geothermal arsenic SO ARSENIC IN GEOSPHERE AND HUMAN DISEASES SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment CY MAY 17-21, 2010 CL Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council, Cent Geol Survey, Water Resources Agcy, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Natl Hlth Res Inst, Council Agr HO Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; RAPID OXIDATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; WATERS C1 [Nordstrom, D. K.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-84531-8; 978-0-415-57898-1 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2010 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BG7YO UT WOS:000392030500016 ER PT S AU Oremland, RS AF Oremland, R. S. BE Jean, JS Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI Geomicrobiology of arsenic in extreme environments SO ARSENIC IN GEOSPHERE AND HUMAN DISEASES SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment CY MAY 17-21, 2010 CL Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council, Cent Geol Survey, Water Resources Agcy, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Natl Hlth Res Inst, Council Agr HO Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci ID MONO LAKE WATER; DISSIMILATORY ARSENATE; SODA LAKES; SP NOV.; SULFATE REDUCTION; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS; RESPIRER; AQUIFERS; SELENIUM C1 [Oremland, R. S.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-84531-8; 978-0-415-57898-1 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2010 BP 234 EP 235 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BG7YO UT WOS:000392030500092 ER PT S AU Kulp, TR Jean, JS AF Kulp, T. R. Jean, J. -S. BE Jean, JS Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI Biogeochemical processes affecting arsenic speciation and mobility in the Chianan Plain aquifer, southwestern Taiwan SO ARSENIC IN GEOSPHERE AND HUMAN DISEASES SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment CY MAY 17-21, 2010 CL Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council, Cent Geol Survey, Water Resources Agcy, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Natl Hlth Res Inst, Council Agr HO Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci ID BLACKFOOT DISEASE C1 [Kulp, T. R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jean, J. -S.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. RP Kulp, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-84531-8; 978-0-415-57898-1 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2010 BP 545 EP 546 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BG7YO UT WOS:000392030500210 ER PT S AU Jean, JS Reza, AHMS Liu, CC Lee, MK Hsu, HF Lee, YC Kulp, TR AF Jean, J. -S. Reza, A. H. M. S. Liu, C. -C. Lee, M. -K. Hsu, H. -F. Lee, Y. -C. Kulp, T. R. BE Jean, JS Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI The binding nature of humic substances with arsenic in alluvial aquifers of Chianan Plain, southwestern Taiwan SO ARSENIC IN GEOSPHERE AND HUMAN DISEASES SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment CY MAY 17-21, 2010 CL Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council, Cent Geol Survey, Water Resources Agcy, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Natl Hlth Res Inst, Council Agr HO Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci ID BLACKFOOT DISEASE C1 [Jean, J. -S.; Reza, A. H. M. S.; Liu, C. -C.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. [Lee, M. -K.] Auburn Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hsu, H. -F.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Chem, Tainan, Taiwan. [Lee, Y. -C.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Kulp, T. R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jean, JS (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-84531-8; 978-0-415-57898-1 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2010 BP 558 EP 560 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BG7YO UT WOS:000392030500216 ER PT J AU Hedman, MM Nicholson, PD Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Sotin, C Clark, RN Brown, RH French, RG Marouf, EA AF Hedman, M. M. Nicholson, P. D. Baines, K. H. Buratti, B. J. Sotin, C. Clark, R. N. Brown, R. H. French, R. G. Marouf, E. A. TI THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE CASSINI DIVISION SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE occultations; planets: rings ID SATURNS RINGS; VOYAGER OBSERVATIONS; STELLAR OCCULTATION; PLANETARY RINGS; SHARP EDGES; SYSTEM; SATELLITES AB The Cassini Division in Saturn's rings contains a series of eight named gaps, three of which contain dense ringlets. Observations of stellar occultations by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft have yielded similar to 40 accurate and precise measurements of the radial position of the edges of all of these gaps and ringlets. These data reveal suggestive patterns in the shapes of many of the gap edges: the outer edges of the five gaps without ringlets are circular to within 1 km, while the inner edges of six of the gaps are eccentric, with apsidal precession rates consistent with those expected for eccentric orbits near each edge. Intriguingly, the pattern speeds of these eccentric inner gap edges, together with that of the eccentric Huygens Ringlet, form a series with a characteristic spacing of 0 degrees.06 day(-1). The two gaps with non-eccentric inner edges lie near first-order inner Lindblad resonances (ILRs) with moons. One such edge is close to the 5:4 ILR with Prometheus, and the radial excursions of this edge do appear to have an m = 5 component aligned with that moon. The other resonantly confined edge is the outer edge of the B ring, which lies near the 2:1 Mimas ILR. Detailed investigation of the B-ring-edge data confirm the presence of an m = 2 perturbation on the B-ring edge, but also show that during the course of the Cassini Mission, this pattern has drifted backward relative to Mimas. Comparisons with earlier occultation measurements going back to Voyager suggest the possibility that the m = 2 pattern is actually librating relative to Mimas with a libration frequency L similar to 0 degrees.06 day(-1) (or possibly 0 degrees.12 day(-1)). In addition to the m = 2 pattern, the B-ring edge also has an m = 1 component that rotates around the planet at a rate close to the expected apsidal precession rate ((pi) over dot(B) similar to 5 degrees.06 day(-1)). Thus, the pattern speeds of the eccentric edges in the Cassini Division can be generated from various combinations of the pattern speeds of structures observed on the edge of the B ring: Omega(p) = (pi) over dot(B) - jL for j = 1, 2, 3,..., 7. We therefore suggest that most of the gaps in the Cassini Division are produced by resonances involving perturbations from the massive edge of the Bring. We find that a combination of gravitational perturbations generated by the radial excursions in the B-ring edge and the gravitational perturbations from the Mimas 2: 1 ILR yields terms in the equations of motion that should act to constrain the pericenter location of particle orbits in the vicinity of each of the eccentric inner gap edges in the Cassini Division. This alignment of pericenters could be responsible for forming the Cassini-Division Gaps and thus explain why these gaps are located where they are. C1 [Hedman, M. M.; Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Baines, K. H.; Buratti, B. J.; Sotin, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [French, R. G.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Astron, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. [Marouf, E. A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Hedman, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mmhedman@astro.cornell.edu FU NASA via the Cassini-Huygens program; Cassini Project; VIMS team FX This work was carried out with financial support from NASA via the Cassini-Huygens program. We acknowledge the support of the Cassini Project and the VIMS team. We thank M. Evans, M. Tiscareno, and R. French for help in the development and validation of the code used to reconstruct the occultation geometries. We also thank the RSS team for sharing their data on the B-ring edge in advance of publication. We also thank J. Burns, J. Cuzzi, C. Murray, N. Rappaport, J. Spitale, and M. Tiscareno for stimulating and useful conversations. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 228 EP 251 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/1/228 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 530RO UT WOS:000272610200018 ER PT J AU Stiles, BW Kirk, RL Lorenz, RD Hensley, S Lee, E Ostro, SJ Allison, MD Callahan, PS Gim, Y Iess, L del Marmo, PP Hamilton, G Johnson, WTK West, RD AF Stiles, Bryan W. Kirk, Randolph L. Lorenz, Ralph D. Hensley, Scott Lee, Ella Ostro, Steven J. Allison, Michael D. Callahan, Philip S. Gim, Yonggyu Iess, Luciano del Marmo, Paolo Perci Hamilton, Gary Johnson, William T. K. West, Richard D. CA Cassini RADAR Team TI DETERMINING TITAN'S SPIN STATE FROM CASSINI RADAR IMAGES (vol 135, pg 1669, 2008) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Stiles, Bryan W.; Hensley, Scott; Ostro, Steven J.; Callahan, Philip S.; Gim, Yonggyu; Hamilton, Gary; Johnson, William T. K.; West, Richard D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.; Lee, Ella] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Allison, Michael D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Iess, Luciano; del Marmo, Paolo Perci] Univ Rome, Dept Aerosp Engn & Astronaut, Rome, Italy. RP Stiles, BW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI IESS, Luciano/F-4902-2011; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI IESS, Luciano/0000-0002-6230-5825; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 2 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 311 EP 311 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/1/311 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 530RO UT WOS:000272610200024 ER PT J AU Kolker, A Olson, ML Krabbenhoft, DP Tate, MT Engle, MA AF Kolker, A. Olson, M. L. Krabbenhoft, D. P. Tate, M. T. Engle, M. A. TI Patterns of mercury dispersion from local and regional emission sources, rural Central Wisconsin, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; DEPOSITION; COAL; SPECIATION; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; PLANT; AIR AB Simultaneous real-time changes in mercury (Hg) speciation- reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), elemental Hg (HgA degrees), and fine particulate Hg (Hg-PM(2.5)), were determined from June to November, 2007, in ambient air at three locations in rural Central Wisconsin. Known Hg emission sources within the airshed of the monitoring sites include: 1) a 1114 megawatt (MW) coal-fired electric utility generating station; 2) a Hg-bed chlor-alkali plant; and 3) a smaller (465 MW) coal-burning electric utility. Monitoring sites, showing sporadic elevation of HgA degrees, Hg-PM(2.5), and RGM were positioned at distances of 25, 50 and 100 km northward of the larger electric utility. Median concentrations of HgA degrees, Hg-PM(2.5), and RGM were 1.3-1.4 ng m(-3), 2.6-5.0 pg m(-3), and 0.6-0.8 pg m(-3), respectively. A series of RGM events were recorded at each site. The largest, on 23 September, occurred under prevailing southerly winds, with a maximum RGM value (56.8 pg m(-3)) measured at the 100 km site, and corresponding elevated SO(2) (10.4 ppbv; measured at 50 km site). The finding that RGM, HgA degrees, and Hg-PM(2.5) are not always highest at the 25 km site, closest to the large generating station, contradicts the idea that RGM decreases with distance from a large point source. This may be explained if: 1) the 100 km site was influenced by emissions from the chlor-alkali facility or by RGM from regional urban sources; 2) the emission stack height of the larger power plant promoted plume transport at an elevation where the Hg is carried over the closest site; or 3) RGM was being generated in the plume through oxidation of HgA degrees. Operational changes at each emitter since 2007 should reduce their Hg output, potentially allowing quantification of the environmental benefit in future studies. C1 [Kolker, A.; Engle, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Olson, M. L.; Krabbenhoft, D. P.; Tate, M. T.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Kolker, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM akolker@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 FU USGS [DW-14-922332-01]; US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, Clean Air Markets Division [DW-14-922332-01] FX This study was supported by an interagency agreement (# DW-14-922332-01) between the USGS and the US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, Clean Air Markets Division. Field work by Engle and Kolker was supported by the US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology (Toxics) Program, and the USGS Energy Resources Program. We acknowledge support of the USGS Toxics Program for participation (by Kolker) in the 9th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, where an earlier version of this paper was presented. We thank Casey Soneira and John DeWild for assistance in the field and Nicholas Geboy for help in preparation of figures. The comments of two anonymous ACPD reviewers helped improve the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4467 EP 4476 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4467-2010 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 603CE UT WOS:000278184700002 ER PT J AU Miller, MP Haig, SM Gratto-Trevor, CL Mullins, HD AF Miller, Mark P. Haig, Susan M. Gratto-Trevor, Cheri L. Mullins, Homas D. TI SUBSPECIES STATUS AND POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE IN PIPING PLOVER (CHARADRIUS MELODUS) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE bottleneck; Charadrius melodus; genetic structure; Piping Plover; population expansion; Subspecies ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; FREQUENCY DATA; LINKED LOCI; SOFTWARE; INFERENCE; PROGRAM; CENSUS; DIFFERENTIATION; ALEXANDRINUS; BOTTLENECKS AB Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) is a migratory shorebird that is listed as endangered in Canada and the U.S. Great Lakes and as threatened throughout the rest of its breeding and winter range. We undertook a comprehensive molecular-genetic investigation to (1) address subspecific taxonomy, (2) characterize Population genetic structure, and (3) infer past bottlenecks and demographic processes in this species. Analyses included individuals from 23 U.S. states and Canadian provinces and were based on initochondrial DNA sequences (580 base pairs, n = 245) and 8 nuclear microsatellite loci (n = 229). Our findings provide support for separate Atlantic and Interior subspecies (C. m. melodus and C. m. circumcinctus, respectively). Birds from the Great Lakes region were allied with the Interior subspecies and should be referred to as C. m. circumcinctus. Population genetic analyses illustrated stronger genetic structure among Atlantic than among Interior birds, which may reflect reduced natal- and breeding-site fidelity of Interior individuals. Furthremore, analyses suggested that Interior birds previously experienced genetic bottlenecks, whereas there was no evidence of such patterns in the Atlantic subspecies. We interpret these results in light of 25 years of range-wide census data. Overall, differences between Interior and Atlantic Piping Plovers may reflect differences in spatiotemporal stability of nesting habitat between regions. Received I April 2009, accepted 20 August 2009. C1 [Miller, Mark P.; Haig, Susan M.; Mullins, Homas D.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gratto-Trevor, Cheri L.] Environm Canada, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Miller, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mpmiller@usgs.gov RI Miller, Mark/A-5488-2011 FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest; Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC); Environment Canada FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC) and Environment Canada for funding this study. We are further thankful for discussions with and comments by E. Elliott-Srnith (USGS, FRESC) and A. Hecht (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). Many people have contributed invaluable samples to this project, and we are deeply grateful for their assistance: I. Ailes, D. Amirault, S. Brennan, S. Canale, J. Cordes, F. Cuthbert, J. Dare, B. Dirks, N. Dufef, J. Fung, N. Gibbons, K. Gordon, R. Gough, A. Joa, K. Johnson, C. Kruse, M. Lyons, J. McArthur, S. McBurney, E. McMichaels, A. Nichols, G. Pavelka, R. Perez, S. Philhower, R. Powell, N. Olenych, A. Orgonik, R Railey, S. Ramsey, C. Roy, F. Shaffer, J. Sidle, J. Stucker, G. Venaton, G. Warrick, S. NXIelte, and T. Zadi. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09040 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 554RQ UT WOS:000274452500007 ER PT J AU Oppel, S Federer, RN O'Brien, DM Powell, AN Hollmen, TE AF Oppel, Steffen Federer, Rebekka N. O'Brien, Diane M. Powell, Abby N. Hollmen, Tuula E. TI EFFECTS OF LIPID EXTRACTION ON STABLE ISOTOPE RATIOS IN AVIAN EGG YOLK: IS ARITHMETIC CORRECTION A RELIABLE ALTERNATIVE? SO AUK LA English DT Article DE (13)C; egg yolk; eiders; lipid correction; (15)N; (34)S; Somateria; stable isotopes ID TRACING NUTRIENT ALLOCATION; FOOD-WEB; FISH-TISSUES; MIXING MODELS; CARBON; DELTA-C-13; FRACTIONATION; REPRODUCTION; ORGANISMS; VALUES AB Many studies of nutrient allocation to egg production in birds use stable isotope ratios of egg yolk to identify the origin of nutrients. Dry egg yolk contains >50% lipids, which are known to be depleted in (13)C. Currently, researchers remove lipids from egg yolk using a chemical lipid-extraction procedure before analyzing the isotopic composition of protein in egg yolk. We examined the effects of chemical lipid extraction on delta(13)C, delta(15)N, and delta(34)S of avian egg yolk and explored the utility of an arithmetic lipid correction model to adjust whole yolk VC for lipid content. We analyzed the dried yolk of 15 captive Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) and 20 wild King Eider (S. spectabilis) eggs, both as whole yolk an after lipid extraction with a 2:1 chloroform:methanol solution. We found that chemical lipid extraction leads to an increase of (mean +/- SD) 3.3 +/- 11 parts per thousand in delta(13)C, 1.1 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand in delta(15)N, and 2.3 +/- 1.1 parts per thousand in delta(34)S. Arithmetic lipid correction provided accurate values for lipid-extracted VC in captive Spectacled Eiders fed on a homogeneous high-quality diet. However, arithmetic lipid correction was unreliable for wild King Eiders, likely because of their differential incorporation of macronutrients from isotopically distinct environments during migration. For that reason, we caution against applying arithmetic lipid correction to the whole yolk delta(13)C of migratory birds, because these methods assume that all egg rnacronutrients are derived from the same dietary sources. Received 12 June 2008, accepted 27 May 2009. C1 [Oppel, Steffen; O'Brien, Diane M.; Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Federer, Rebekka N.; Hollmen, Tuula E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Federer, Rebekka N.; Hollmen, Tuula E.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [O'Brien, Diane M.; Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Oppel, S (reprint author), Royal Soc Protect Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, Beds, England. EM steffen.oppel@gmail.com RI O'Brien, Diane/B-2919-2010; OI O'Brien, Diane/0000-0001-5807-9661; Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789 FU U.S. Geological Survey; Minerals Management Service; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ocean Alaska Science and Learning Center; National Park Foundation FX We thank the North Slope Borough of Alaska and several field assistants for logistical support and help in egg collection. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (Outer Continental Shelf Program), Minerals Management Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ocean Alaska Science and Learning Center, and the National Park Foundation. We also thank Alaska SeaLife Center husbandry, veterinary, and research personnel for assistance with captive birds. T.. Howe and C. Cook conducted the stable isotope analyses and assisted with interpretation of results. C. Stricker and R Barboza provided inspiring comments on some of the results. We appreciate the comments of K. Hobson, L. Dehn, E. Murphy, S. McWilliams, C. Stricker, and two anonymous reviewers on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The work described in this article was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Alaska Fairbanks under protocol #05-29 and complies with current U.S. laws. Mention of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09153 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 554RQ UT WOS:000274452500008 ER PT J AU Stanley, HR Newmark, WD AF Stanley, Homas R. Newmark, William D. TI ESTIMATING LENGTH OF AVIAN INCUBATION AND NESTLING STAGES IN AFROTROPICAL FOREST BIRDS FROM INTERVAL-CENSORED NEST RECORDS SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Afrotropical forest; avian nesting; incubation stage; nest survival; nestling stage; stage length estimation; Tanzania ID SUCCESS AB In the East Usambara Mountains in northeast Tanzania, research on the effects of forest fragmentation and disturbance on nest survival in understory birds resulted in the accumulation of 1,002 nest records between 2003 and 2008 for 8 poorly studied species. Because information on the length of the incubation and nestling stages in these species is nonexistent or sparse, our objectives in this study were (1) to estimate the length of the incubation and nestling stage and (2) to compute nest survival using these estimates in combination with calculated daily survival probability. Because our data were interval censored, we developed and applied two new statistical methods to estimate stage length. In the 8 species studied, the incubation stage lasted 9.6-21.8 days and the nestling stage 13.9-21.2 days. Combining these results with estimates of daily survival probability, we found that nest Survival ranged from 6.0% to 12.5%. We conclude that our methodology for estimating stage lengths from interval-censored nest records is a reasonable and practical approach in the presence of interval-censored data. Received 18 June 2008, accepted 10 June 2009. C1 [Stanley, Homas R.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Newmark, William D.] Univ Utah, Utah Museum Nat Hist, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Stanley, HR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM stanleyt@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey; Fort Collins Science Center; Earth-watch Institute and Critical Ecosystem Partnership FX We warmly acknowledge and thank V. Mkongewa, M. Munissi, A. Mkongewa, and D. Munissi for conducting the nest surveys. P. Doherty, M. Etterson, D. Johnson, J. Rotella, and all anonymous reviewer provided helpful and insightful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Funding was provided to T.R.S. by the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, and to WD.N. by the Earth-watch Institute and Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09140 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 554RQ UT WOS:000274452500009 ER PT J AU Morgan, MR Norment, C Runge, MC AF Morgan, Michael R. Norment, Christopher Runge, Michael C. TI EVALUATION OF A REPRODUCTIVE INDEX FOR ESTIMATING PRODUCTIVITY OF GRASSLAND BREEDING BIRDS SO AUK LA English DT Article DE grassland breeding birds; Passerculus sandwichensis; reproduction; reproductive index; sampling techniques; Savannah Sparrow; territory mapping ID NEST SUCCESS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; HABITAT QUALITY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE; FIELDS; PASSERINES AB Declining populations of grassland breeding birds have led to increased efforts to assess habitat quality, typically by estimating density or relative abundance. Because some grassland habitats may function as ecological traps, a more appropriate metric for determining quality is breeding success, which is challenging to determine for many cryptic-nesting grassland birds. This difficulty led Vickery et al. (1992) to propose a reproductive index based on behavioral observations rather than nest fate. We rigorously evaluated the index for 2 years using a Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) population in western New York and found a weak correlation in classification of the breeding stages of monitored territories among multiple observers (r = 0.398). We also discovered a large difference between overall territory and nest success rates independently estimated with the index (9.8% over the entire breeding cycle) and with nest searching and monitoring (41.7% of nests successfully fledged young). Most importantly, we made territory-level comparisons of index estimates with actual nest fate and found that the index correctly predicted fates for only 43% of the monitored nests. A Mayfield logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only index rank 4 (eggs hatched, but young failed to fledge) showed a strong positive correlation with nest success. Although the reproductive index may function as a coarse indicator of habitat suitability (e.g., documenting production in potential ecological traps), in our study the index exhibited neither internal consistency nor the ability to predict nest fate at the plot or territory level and functioned poorly as a substitute for nest searching and monitoring. Received 20 May 2008, accepted 18 June 2009. C1 [Morgan, Michael R.; Norment, Christopher] SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14424 USA. [Runge, Michael C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Morgan, MR (reprint author), Audubon New York, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM mmorgan@audubon.org RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X FU The American Museum of Natural History's Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund; Buffalo Ornithological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Geological Survey FX The American Museum of Natural History's Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund, Buffalo Ornithological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Region 5, USFWS Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge, and the U.S. Geological Survey generously provided funding in support of this project. The expert advice, critiques, guidance, and support provided by B. Lamoy, P. Hess, and J. Morgan were also greatly appreciated. Thanks to G. Lewandrowski, C. Washington, S. Lazazzero, R. Bush, C. Fourtner, and M. Zettel for their tremendous help in finding nests and collecting data. MAYFIELD is available at www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/software/ may field.html. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09132 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 554RQ UT WOS:000274452500010 ER PT J AU Riddle, JD Mordecai, RS Pollock, KH Simons, TR AF Riddle, Jason D. Mordecai, Rua S. Pollock, Kenneth H. Simons, Theodore R. TI EFFECTS OF PRIOR DETECTIONS ON ESTIMATES OF DETECTION PROBABILITY, ABUNDANCE, AND OCCUPANCY SO AUK LA English DT Article DE abundance; detection probability; MARK; occupancy; PRESENCE; presence-absence; repeated counts; time-of-detection ID POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS AB Survey methods that account for detection probability often require repeated detections of individual birds or repeated visits to a site to conduct Counts or collect presence-absence data. Initial encounters with individual species or individuals of a species could influence detection probabilities for subsequent encounters. For example, observers may be more likely to redetect a species or individual once they are aware of the presence of that species or individual at a particular site. Not accounting for these effects could result in biased estimators of detection probability, abundance, and occupancy. We tested for effects of prior detections in three data sets that differed dramatically by species, geographic location, and method of counting birds. We found strong support (AIC weights from 83% to 100%) for models that allowed for the effects of prior detections. These models produced estimates of detection probability, abundance, and occupancy that differed substantially from those produced by models that ignored the effects of prior detections. We discuss the consequences of the effects of prior detections on estimation for several sampling methods and provide recommendations for avoiding these effects through survey design or by modeling them when they cannot be avoided. Received 27 January 2009, accepted 13 July 2009. C1 [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mordecai, Rua S.] SE Partners Flight, Cary, NC 27511 USA. RP Riddle, JD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM jason.riddle@uwsp.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Status FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey Status and Trends Program for providing funding for this research. We also thank T. Shaffer, D. Diefenbach, and an anonymous reviewer for many helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. R.S.M. thanks L. Barnhill and K. Mordecai for insights into the detection process and B. Peterjohn, M. Wimer, J. Stanton, C. Drennan, L. Glover, M. Caudell, S. Daves, H. Barnhill, T. Raymond, M. Delany, C. Depkin, J. Hilburn, M. Robinson, S. Beasley, J. Parrish, V Carpenter, E. Van Otteren, E. Keferl, W. Carlisle, S. Schwikert, A. Kropp, P. Leary, A. Mitchell, T. Keyes, J. Rotenberg, D. Allen, S. Bland, N. Tarr, D. Robertson, S. Daley, E. Dornbrofsky, M. Derners, and J. Roushdy for collecting the Painted Bunting data. J.D.R. thanks F. Perkins for her help in collecting the Northern Bobwhite data and Murphy-Brown, LLC, for allowing Lis to conduct research on their farms. J.D.R. also thanks C. Moorman, who Supervised the dissertation project from which the Northern Bobwhite data originated. A detailed description Of survey methods for the Painted Bunting data set is available at www.pwrc.usgs.gov/point/pabu/. PRESENCE 2.0 software and users' manual are available at www. mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/software/presetice.htmi. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.09062 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 554RQ UT WOS:000274452500011 ER PT J AU Reuter, H Jopp, F Blanco-Moreno, JM Damgaard, C Matsinos, Y DeAngelis, DL AF Reuter, Hauke Jopp, Fred Blanco-Moreno, Jose M. Damgaard, Christian Matsinos, Yiannis DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Ecological hierarchies and self-organisation - Pattern analysis, modelling and process integration across scales SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Across-scale integration; Hierarchy theory; Self-organisation processes; Spatial pattern; Vegetation pattern; Cellular automaton models; Agent-based/individual-based models ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS; EMERGENT PROPERTIES; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; GLOBAL CHANGE; ECOSYSTEMS; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; CYCLES; GROWTH AB A continuing discussion in applied and theoretical ecology focuses on the relationship of different organisational levels and on how ecological systems interact across scales. We address principal approaches to cope with complex across-level issues in ecology by applying elements of hierarchy theory and the theory of complex adaptive systems. A top-down approach, often characterised by the use of statistical techniques, can be applied to analyse large-scale dynamics and identify constraints exerted on lower levels. Current developments are illustrated with examples from the analysis of within-community spatial patterns and large-scale vegetation patterns. A bottom-up approach allows one to elucidate how interactions of individuals shape dynamics at higher levels in a self-organisation process; e.g., population development and community composition. This may be facilitated by various modelling tools, which provide the distinction between focal levels and resulting properties. For instance, resilience in grassland communities has been analysed with a cellular automaton approach, and the driving forces in rodent population oscillations have been identified with an agent-based model. Both modelling tools illustrate the principles of analysing higher level processes by representing the interactions of basic components. The focus of most ecological investigations on either top-down or bottom-up approaches may not be appropriate, if strong cross-scale relationships predominate. Here, we propose an 'across-scale-approach', closely interweaving the inherent potentials of both approaches. This combination of analytical and synthesising approaches will enable ecologists to establish a more coherent access to cross-level interactions in ecological systems. C1 [Reuter, Hauke] Leibniz Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, D-28357 Bremen, Germany. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Jopp, Fred] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Blanco-Moreno, Jose M.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Plant Biol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Damgaard, Christian] Univ Aarhus, NERI, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Matsinos, Yiannis] Univ Aegean, Dept Environm, Mitilini 81100, Greece. RP Reuter, H (reprint author), Leibniz Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, Fahrenheitstr 6, D-28357 Bremen, Germany. EM hauke.reuter@zmt-bremen.de RI Damgaard, Christian/G-2441-2010; Blanco-Moreno, Jose Manuel/A-5565-2013 OI Damgaard, Christian/0000-0003-3932-4312; Blanco-Moreno, Jose Manuel/0000-0003-1038-3941 NR 53 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 EI 1618-0089 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 7 BP 572 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.baae.2010.08.002 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714GK UT WOS:000286795300003 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Introduction to Bayesian Inference SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700002 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Preface SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TAG-RECOVERY DATA; MODEL SELECTION; MARK-RECAPTURE; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; CLOSED POPULATION; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; INFORMATION CRITERION; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 131 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP XI EP + PG 9 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700001 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Probability SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700003 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Statistical Inference SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 23 EP 45 PG 23 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700004 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Calculating Posterior Distributions SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 47 EP 74 PG 28 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700005 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Bayesian Prediction SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 77 EP 107 PG 31 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700006 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Priors SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 109 EP 125 PG 17 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700007 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Multimodel Inference SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 127 EP 159 PG 33 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700008 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Hidden Data Models SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 163 EP 200 PG 38 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700009 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Closed-Population Mark-Recapture Models SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 201 EP 224 PG 24 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700010 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Latent Multinomial Models SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 225 EP 237 PG 13 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700011 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Open Population Models SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 239 EP 270 PG 32 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700012 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Individual Fitness SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 271 EP 286 PG 16 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700013 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Autoregressive Smoothing SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 287 EP 297 PG 11 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700014 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Probability Rules SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700015 ER PT B AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, W. A. Barker, R. J. BA Link, WA Barker, RJ BF Link, WA Barker, RJ TI Probability Distributions SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Link, W. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Barker, R. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-08-088980-1; 978-0-12-374854-6 PY 2010 BP 307 EP 322 PG 16 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD8KY UT WOS:000364016700016 ER PT S AU Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG AF Shuchman, Robert A. Josberger, Edward G. BE Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG TI Preface SO BERING GLACIER: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF EARTHS LARGEST TEMPERATE SURGING GLACIER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Shuchman, Robert A.] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Josberger, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Shuchman, RA (reprint author), Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Court,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2462-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 462 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTA53 UT WOS:000286213100001 ER PT S AU Molnia, BF Post, A AF Molnia, Bruce F. Post, Austin BE Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG TI Introduction to the Bering Glacier System, Alaska/Canada: Early observations and scientific investigations, and key geographic features SO BERING GLACIER: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF EARTHS LARGEST TEMPERATE SURGING GLACIER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALASKA AB The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the Bering Glacier and the Bering Glacier System. This will be done by (1) providing a summary of the early observations and geographic descriptions of Bering Glacier, (2) identifying scientific studies that have provided insights to the unique character of the Bering Glacier System and its unique surroundings, and (3) presenting descriptions of key geographic features that are part of the system and its surroundings. The Bering Glacier System is the largest glacier in continental North America and the largest temperate surging glacier on Earth. C1 [Molnia, Bruce F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Post, Austin] US Geol Survey, Dupont, WA 98327 USA. RP Molnia, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2462-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 462 BP 13 EP 42 DI 10.1130/2010.2462(02) PG 30 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTA53 UT WOS:000286213100005 ER PT S AU Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG Jenkins, LK Payne, JF Hatt, CR Spaete, L AF Shuchman, Robert A. Josberger, Edward G. Jenkins, Liza K. Payne, John F. Hatt, Charles R. Spaete, Lucas BE Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG TI Remote sensing of the Bering Glacier Region SO BERING GLACIER: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF EARTHS LARGEST TEMPERATE SURGING GLACIER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ICE; ALASKA; SATELLITE; INSAR; SURGE; SNOW; USA AB Satellite remote sensing is an invaluable tool for monitoring and characterizing the Bering Glacier System. Applications of glacier remote sensing include, but are not limited to, mapping extent and features, ice velocities through sequential observations, glacier terminus locations, snow line location, glacier albedo, changes in glacier volume, iceberg surveys and calving rates, hydrographic and water quality parameters in ice marginal lakes, and land-cover classification maps. Historical remote sensing images provide a much needed geospatial time record of the dynamic changes that Bering Glacier has undergone, including changes from its surge behavior and response to climate change. Remote sensing images dating back to the early 1990s have been used to map the glacier terminus retreat of similar to 5 to 7 km, which has resulted in Vitus Lake increasing in volume 9.4 km(3) (similar to 260%) from 1995 to 2006. Using elevation data obtained from remote sensing and GPS surface points, we have determined that the glacier elevation has decreased by similar to 150 m at the terminus and 30 m at the equilibrium line (similar to 1300 m) since 1972. Satellite observations have recorded the upward migration in altitude of the equilibrium line to its present (2006) position (slightly>1200 m). The decrease in glacier volume, obtained using remote sensing-derived elevation data, from 1957 to 2004 is estimated at similar to 104 km(3). Remote sensing data also have mapped the sediment-rich (rock flour) water flowing into Vitus Lake, providing insight into the hydrologic circulation of the Bering Glacier System, showing major glacier discharge from the Abandoned River, Arrowhead Point, and Lamire Bay in the area of Vitus Lake west of Taggland. C1 [Shuchman, Robert A.; Jenkins, Liza K.; Hatt, Charles R.; Spaete, Lucas] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Josberger, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Payne, John F.] Alaska State Off 910, N Slope Sci Initiat, Bur Land Management, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. RP Shuchman, RA (reprint author), Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Court,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM shuchman@mtu.edu; shuchman@mtu.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2462-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 462 BP 43 EP 65 DI 10.1130/2010.2462(03) PG 23 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTA53 UT WOS:000286213100006 ER PT S AU Josberger, EG Shuchman, RA Meadows, GA Savage, S Payne, J AF Josberger, Edward G. Shuchman, Robert A. Meadows, Guy A. Savage, Sean Payne, John BE Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG TI Hydrography and circulation of ice-marginal lakes at Bering Glacier, Alaska, USA SO BERING GLACIER: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF EARTHS LARGEST TEMPERATE SURGING GLACIER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; WATER; GULF; TERMINUS; HISTORY AB An extensive suite of physical oceanographic, remotely sensed, and water quality measurements, collected from 2001 through 2004 in two ice-marginal lakes at Bering Glacier, Alaska-Berg Lake and Vitus Lake-shows that each lake has a unique circulation controlled by specific physical forcing within the glacial system. Conductivity profiles from Berg Lake, perched 135 m above sea level (a.s.l.), show no salt in the lake, but the temperature profiles indicate an apparently unstable situation: the 4 degrees C density maximum lies at 10 m depth, not at the bottom of the lake (90 m depth). Subglacial discharge from the Steller Glacier into the bottom of the lake must inject a suspended sediment load sufficient to marginally stabilize the water column throughout the lake. In Vitus Lake, terminus positions derived from satellite imagery show that the glacier terminus rapidly retreated from 1995 to the present, resulting in a substantial expansion of the volume of Vitus Lake. Conductivity and temperature profiles from the tidally influenced Vitus Lake show a complex four-layer system with diluted (similar to 50%) seawater in the bottom of the lake. This lake has a complex vertical structure that is the result of convection generated by ice melting in salt water, stratification within the lake, and fresh water entering the lake from beneath the glacier and surface runoff. Four consecutive years, 2001 through 2004, of these observations in Vitus Lake show little change in the deep temperature and salinity conditions, indicating limited deep water renewal. The combination of the lake level measurements with discharge measurements, through a tidal cycle, by an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) deployed in the Seal River, which drains the entire Bering system, showed a strong tidal influence but no seawater entry into Vitus Lake. The ADCP measurements, combined with lake level measurements, established a relationship between lake level and discharge, which when integrated over a tidal cycle gave a tidally averaged discharge ranging from 1310 to 1510 m(3) s(-1). C1 [Josberger, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Shuchman, Robert A.] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Meadows, Guy A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Savage, Sean] Altarum Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA. [Payne, John] US Bur Land Management, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. RP Josberger, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, 1201 Pacific Ave,Suite 600, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM ejosberg@usgs.gov; ejosberg@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2462-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 462 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1130/2010.2462(04) PG 15 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTA53 UT WOS:000286213100007 ER PT S AU Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG Hatt, CR Roussi, C Fleisher, PJ Guyer, S AF Shuchman, Robert A. Josberger, Edward G. Hatt, Charles R. Roussi, Christopher Fleisher, P. Jay Guyer, Scott BE Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG TI Bering Glacier ablation measurements SO BERING GLACIER: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF EARTHS LARGEST TEMPERATE SURGING GLACIER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; MASS-BALANCE; ALASKA; FLUCTUATIONS; PACIFIC; USA AB Bering Glacier is rapidly retreating and thinning since it surged in 1993-1995. From 2002 to 2007 we have mapped the terminus position and measured the surface ablation from the terminus region up-glacier to the snowline in the Bagley Ice Field. Since the last surge the terminus has retreated, primarily by calving, similar to 0.4-0.5 km/a, and the terminus position is at the 1992 pre-surge position. The glacier surface in the terminus region is presently downwasting by melting at similar to 8-10 m/a and 3.5-6.0 m/a at the approximate altitude of the equilibrium line, 1200 m. The average daily melt for Bering Glacier is similar to 4-5 cm/d at mid-glacier, and this melt rate appears to be steady, regardless of insulation and/or precipitation. The melt from the Bering Lobe of the glacier system generates between 8 and 15 km(3) of fresh water yearly, which flows directly into the Gulf of Alaska via the Seal River, potentially affecting its circulation and ecosystem. Elevation measurements from 1957 compared with our measurements made in 2004, combined with bed topography from ice penetrating radar, show that the Bering Lobe has lost similar to 13% of its total mass. C1 [Shuchman, Robert A.; Hatt, Charles R.; Roussi, Christopher] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Josberger, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Fleisher, P. Jay] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. [Guyer, Scott] Bur Land Management, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. RP Shuchman, RA (reprint author), Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Court,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM shuchman@mtu.edu; shuchman@mtu.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2462-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 462 BP 83 EP 104 DI 10.1130/2010.2462(05) PG 22 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTA53 UT WOS:000286213100008 ER PT S AU Josberger, EG Shuchman, RA Meadows, GA Jenkins, LK Meadows, LA AF Josberger, Edward G. Shuchman, Robert A. Meadows, Guy A. Jenkins, Liza K. Meadows, Lorelle A. BE Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG TI Hydrologic processes of Bering Glacier and Vitus Lake, Alaska SO BERING GLACIER: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF EARTHS LARGEST TEMPERATE SURGING GLACIER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEA-LEVEL; USA; WATER; BALANCE AB Runoff from the mountains and large glaciers on the rim of the Gulf of Alaska is a critical driver for ocean circulation in the gulf and a major contributor to global sea level rise. Bering Glacier is the foremost glacier of this system, with one of the largest proglacial lake-river systems in the world, Vitus Lake, which is linked to the Gulf of Alaska by the Seal River. Vitus Lake, at sea level and >250 m deep in some locations, receives all of the runoff, rainfall, and glacial melt from the Bering Lobe, which then flows into the Gulf of Alaska in the 8-km-long Seal River. Six years of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) surveys in Vitus Lake show a highly stratified system with 50% diluted seawater at the bottom. The annual surveys show changes in the deep water temperature and salinity that are the result of seawater intrusions. To understand the complex interaction between lake level and area, glacier discharge, river morphology and flow, sea level fluctuations, and their associated impacts on the lacustrine ecology of Vitus Lake, we developed a hydrodynamic flow model that was calibrated using field measurements of lake level and the flow in Seal River. The model is used to analyze present conditions in Vitus Lake and shows that even with no runoff entering the lake, the distance from the Gulf of Alaska through Seal River to Vitus Lake is too great for typical tidal inflow to reach the lake. Furthermore, the model is used to understand the response of the glacier-lake system to possible future scenarios of glacier retreat or advance and changes in runoff. Finally, properly calibrated, such a model would be able to gauge the discharge from the Bering Glacier System by measuring only the lake level. C1 [Josberger, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Shuchman, Robert A.; Jenkins, Liza K.] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Meadows, Guy A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meadows, Lorelle A.] Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Lurie Engn Ctr 1261, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Josberger, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM ejosberg@usgs.gov; ejosberg@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2462-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 462 BP 105 EP 127 DI 10.1130/2010.2462(06) PG 23 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTA53 UT WOS:000286213100009 ER PT S AU Pasch, AD Foster, NR Irvine, GV AF Pasch, Anne D. Foster, Nora R. Irvine, Gail V. BE Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG TI Faunal analysis of late Pleistocene-early Holocene invertebrates provides evidence for paleoenvironments of a Gulf of Alaska shoreline inland of the present Bering Glacier margin SO BERING GLACIER: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF EARTHS LARGEST TEMPERATE SURGING GLACIER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALIBRATION; HISTORY AB A collection of marine invertebrates from Holocene glacial deposits of the Bering Glacier indicates that the Gulf of Alaska shoreline was several or more kilometers north of its present position during the late Pleistocene-early Holocene. Conventional radiocarbon dates of 29 bivalves from five localities range in age from 7590 +/- 140 to 13,230 +/- 25 (14)C yr B. P. These marine invertebrates provide a new tool not previously used to refine glacial chronology. Because the invertebrates were deposited by meltwater at the face of the receding ice, they must have been incorporated into the ice stream at points inland (north) of the existing glacier front and transported in portions of the Bering Glacier flowing southward. The logical position for an ancient shoreline would be the topographic break between the base of the coastal mountains and the present forelands. If that is correct, then the forelands were deposited within the past 7000 a. Known habits of the collected invertebrates were used to reconstruct the nature and biological composition of the ancient nearshore environment. Our results are consistent with other work, demonstrating that mollusks inhabiting nearshore environments in the Arctic are particularly useful in the reconstruction of paleocommunities and paleoenvironments. The unusual preservation of delicate invertebrate skeletons during transport in glacial ice is difficult to explain. We have been unable to find a description of this type of entrainment, transport, and preservation elsewhere. Sediment preserved in the interior of some mollusk shells is a cohesive silt. If the invertebrates were encased in seafloor sediments and entrained into glacier ice, skeletons could have been protected by this sediment during transport and released intact when the silt blocks thawed during deposition of melt-out till. Melt-out till is sediment released by melting of stagnant or slowly moving debris-rich glacier ice. Fragments of shells are ubiquitous in all drift deposits (any type of sediment originating from glacial deposition) south of the glacier front, but fragile intact skeletal remains were commonly found only at four localities, suggesting unique depositional conditions. Intertidal and shallow subtidal species dominate the collection, indicating an origin close to a shoreline. A total of 110 species representing 6 invertebrate phyla were identified. Most species are mollusks (79%), but bryozoans (9%), arthropods (8%), polychaetes (2%), echinoderms (<1%), and a single protozoan (<1%) were also present. This biota includes species similar to those found in the modern Gulf of Alaska fauna. The identified species show a strong correlation with invertebrates described in studies of the contemporary Gulf of Alaska that include infaunal and epifaunal organisms from various depths and ecological habitats. Some invertebrate species indicate geographical shifts in distribution to the northwest and east. C1 [Pasch, Anne D.] Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. [Foster, Nora R.] NRF Taxon Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Irvine, Gail V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Pasch, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, 7661 Wandering Dr, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2462-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 462 BP 251 EP 274 DI 10.1130/2010.2462(13) PG 24 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTA53 UT WOS:000286213100016 ER PT S AU Molnia, BF Post, A AF Molnia, Bruce F. Post, Austin BE Shuchman, RA Josberger, EG TI Surges of the Bering Glacier SO BERING GLACIER: INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF EARTHS LARGEST TEMPERATE SURGING GLACIER SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALASKA; FLUCTUATIONS; USA AB Bering Glacier, the largest glacier in continental North America, is a surging glacier. A surging or surge-type glacier is one that periodically discharges an ice reservoir by means of one or more sudden, brief, large-scale ice displacement(s). These displacements typically transfer ice from up-glacier accumulation areas to down-glacier ablation areas. Most surges occur with a periodicity of about a decade to more than a century. Typically during periods of ice displacement, flow rates increase dramatically, often as much as 10-100 or more times faster than normal. Most surges do not result in terminus displacements. However, surges of the Bering Glacier typically result in significant terminus thickening and displacement. Retreat of Bering Glacier from its Little Ice Age maximum position began during the first decade of the twentieth century. At least five major surges have interrupted this ongoing retreat. The combination of these two processes, retreat in response to changing climate and surging, has resulted in a number of short term fluctuations in Bering Glacier's ice velocity, thickness, and terminus position. Another consequence of the periodic surge cycles has been multiple drawdowns of ice from the glacier's accumulation area. Major surges of the Bering Glacier occurred in ca. 1900, ca. 1920, ca. 1938-1940, 1957-1967, and 1993-1995. A smaller magnitude surge occurred in 2008-2009. Hence, during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Bering Glacier surged approximately every 20 a. The surges that occurred during the second half of the twentieth century have been closely monitored. This chapter presents details about the recent surge behavior of Bering Glacier. C1 [Molnia, Bruce F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Post, Austin] US Geol Survey, Dupont, WA 98327 USA. RP Molnia, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2462-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 462 BP 291 EP 316 DI 10.1130/2010.2462(15) PG 26 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTA53 UT WOS:000286213100018 ER PT B AU Stephenson, NL Millar, CI Cole, DN AF Stephenson, Nathan L. Millar, Constance I. Cole, David N. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Shifting Environmental Foundations: The Unprecedented and Unpredictable Future SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; DEPOSITION; SURPRISES; DYNAMICS; YOSEMITE C1 [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. RP Stephenson, NL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 50 EP 66 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300004 ER PT B AU Cole, DN Millar, CI Stephenson, NL AF Cole, David N. Millar, Constance I. Stephenson, Nathan L. BE Cole, DN Yung, L TI Responding to Climate Change: A Toolbox of Management Strategies SO BEYOND NATURALNESS: RETHINKING PARK AND WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSERVATION; FACE C1 [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Cole, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-509-6 PY 2010 BP 179 EP 196 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BTU98 UT WOS:000288153300011 ER PT J AU Zhao, SQ Liu, S Li, Z Sohl, TL AF Zhao, S. Q. Liu, S. Li, Z. Sohl, T. L. TI A spatial resolution threshold of land cover in estimating terrestrial carbon sequestration in four counties in Georgia and Alabama, USA SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INVENTORY DATA; FOREST CARBON; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE; FUTURE; SINK; FLUX AB Changes in carbon density (i.e., carbon stock per unit area) and land cover greatly affect carbon sequestration. Previous studies have shown that land cover change detection strongly depends on spatial scale. However, the influence of the spatial resolution of land cover change information on the estimated terrestrial carbon sequestration is not known. Here, we quantified and evaluated the impact of land cover change databases at various spatial resolutions (250 m, 500 m, 1 km, 2 km, and 4 km) on the magnitude and spatial patterns of regional carbon sequestration in four counties in Georgia and Alabama using the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS). Results indicated a threshold of 1 km in the land cover change databases and in the estimated regional terrestrial carbon sequestration. Beyond this threshold, significant biases occurred in the estimation of terrestrial carbon sequestration, its interannual variability, and spatial patterns. In addition, the overriding impact of interannual climate variability on the temporal change of regional carbon sequestration was unrealistically overshadowed by the impact of land cover change beyond the threshold. The implications of these findings directly challenge current continental- to global-scale carbon modeling efforts relying on information at coarse spatial resolution without incorporating fine-scale land cover dynamics. C1 [Zhao, S. Q.] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhao, S. Q.; Li, Z.] US Geol Survey, Arctic Slope Reg Corp Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Liu, S.; Sohl, T. L.] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Zhao, SQ (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM sqzhao@urban.pku.edu.cn OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 FU Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [SI-1642]; US Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM); Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD) Programs; Peking University FX This study is supported by the Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) (project SI-1642), and US Geological Survey's Geographic Analysis and Monitoring (GAM) and the Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD) Programs. S.Q. Zhao acknowledges the support of the Outstanding Young Fellow Program of Peking University. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 549NM UT WOS:000274058100006 ER PT J AU Sweetman, AK Middelburg, JJ Berle, AM Bernardino, AF Schander, C Demopoulos, AWJ Smith, CR AF Sweetman, A. K. Middelburg, J. J. Berle, A. M. Bernardino, A. F. Schander, C. Demopoulos, A. W. J. Smith, C. R. TI Impacts of exotic mangrove forests and mangrove deforestation on carbon remineralization and ecosystem functioning in marine sediments SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BELOW-GROUND DECOMPOSITION; DEPOSIT-FEEDING RATE; ORGANIC-MATTER; GAZI BAY; MACROFAUNAL COMMUNITY; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; AVICENNIA-MARINA; BACTERIAL CARBON; STABLE-ISOTOPE; SALT MARSHES AB To evaluate how mangrove invasion and removal can modify short-term benthic carbon cycling and ecosystem functioning, we used stable-isotopically labeled algae as a deliberate tracer to quantify benthic respiration and C-flow over 48 h through macrofauna and bacteria in sediments collected from (1) an invasive mangrove forest, (2) deforested mangrove sites 2 and 6 years after removal of above-sediment mangrove biomass, and (3) two mangrove-free control sites in the Hawaiian coastal zone. Sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) rates averaged over each 48 h investigation were significantly greater in the mangrove and mangrove removal site experiments than in controls and were significantly correlated with total benthic (macrofauna and bacteria) biomass and sedimentary mangrove biomass (SMB). Bacteria dominated short-term C-processing of added microalgal-C and benthic biomass in sediments from the invasive mangrove forest habitat and in the 6-yr removal site. In contrast, macrofauna were the most important agents in the short-term processing of microalgal-C in sediments from the 2-yr mangrove removal site and control sites. However, mean faunal abundance and C-uptake rates in sediments from both removal sites were significantly higher than in control cores, which collectively suggest that community structure and short-term C-cycling dynamics of sediments in habitats where mangroves have been cleared can remain fundamentally different from un-invaded mudflat sediments for at least 6-yrs following above-sediment mangrove removal. In summary, invasion by mangroves can lead to dramatic shifts in benthic ecosystem function, with sediment metabolism, benthic community structure and short-term C-remineralization dynamics being affected for years following invader removal. C1 [Sweetman, A. K.] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, N-5006 Bergen, Norway. [Middelburg, J. J.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Ctr Estuarine & Marine Ecol, NL-4400 AC Yerseke, Netherlands. [Middelburg, J. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Berle, A. M.; Schander, C.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Bernardino, A. F.] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Oceanog & Ecol, Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Demopoulos, A. W. J.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, FISC Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Sweetman, A. K.; Smith, C. R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sweetman, AK (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Thormohlensgate 53D, N-5006 Bergen, Norway. EM asw@niva.no RI Middelburg, Jack/B-4951-2011; Bernardino, Angelo/C-6921-2012 OI Middelburg, Jack/0000-0003-3601-9072; Bernardino, Angelo/0000-0002-1838-4597 FU University of Hawaii [NA05OAR4171048] FX We thank Roy Tom and Mike Cole (UH) for their help in building our benthic chambers and stirring system, and Fabio DeLeo, Pavica Srsen, Elizabeth Galley, and Iris Altimira (UH) for all their help in carrying out experiments. We express deep gratitude to Andy Rossiter and Jerry Crow and others at Waikiki Aquarium for their time and patience while we conducted our experiments in 2008. Thanks to Randy Miyashiro, the US Navy Pacific Fleet and the Pearl Harbor Wildlife Refuge for help with sampling permits and to Dave Karl for use of his titration equipment. We are indebted to Robert Toonen and Ruth Gates at the Hawaii Institute for Marine Biology for use of their laboratory, and David Harris (UC Davis) and Pieter van Rijswijk (Netherlands Institute of Ecology) for help in sample analyses. We would also like to thank Steve Bouillon, Rod Connolly, Erik Kristensen, Mark Huxham, Kylie Pitt and two anonymous reviewers whose comments assisted us in improving the manuscript. This research was funded by a University of Hawaii Sea Grant Project (NOAA Grant #: NA05OAR4171048) to AKS and CRS. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This is publication no. 7918 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, UH. NR 71 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 14 U2 73 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2010 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2129 EP 2145 DI 10.5194/bg-7-2129-2010 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 633PJ UT WOS:000280515300007 ER PT J AU Coad, L Burgess, ND Loucks, C Fish, L Scharlemann, JPW Duarte, L Besancon, C AF Coad, Lauren Burgess, Neil D. Loucks, Colby Fish, Lucy Scharlemann, Joern P. W. Duarte, Lisa Besancon, Charles TI Reply to Jenkins and Joppa - Expansion of the global terrestrial protected area system SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Coad, Lauren; Burgess, Neil D.; Fish, Lucy; Scharlemann, Joern P. W.; Besancon, Charles] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, Monitoring Ctr, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Coad, Lauren] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Ctr Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Burgess, Neil D.; Fish, Lucy] WWF US, Washington, DC USA. [Burgess, Neil D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Duarte, Lisa] Univ Idaho, USGS Natl Gap Anal Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Coad, L (reprint author), United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, Monitoring Ctr, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. EM charles.besancon@unep-wcmc.org RI Scharlemann, Jorn/A-4737-2008; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017 OI Scharlemann, Jorn/0000-0002-2834-6367; NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 143 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.09.018 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553GK UT WOS:000274354200003 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Stephens, RB AF Woodman, Neal Stephens, Ryan B. TI At the foot of the shrew: manus morphology distinguishes closely-related Cryptotis goodwini and Cryptotis griseoventris (Mammalia: Soricidae) in Central America SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE anatomy; digit; Insectivora; manus; ray; skeleton; small-eared shrew; Soricinae; Soricomorpha AB Small-eared shrews (Mammalia, Soricidae) of the New World genus Cryptotis are distributed from eastern North America to the northern Andes of South America. One well-defined clade in this genus is the Central American Cryptotis mexicana group, whose members are set off from other species in the genus by their variably broader fore feet and more elongate and broadened fore claws. Two species in the C. mexicana group, Cryptotis goodwini Jackson and Cryptotis griseoventris Jackson, inhabit highlands in Guatemala and southern Mexico and are presumed to be sister species whose primary distinguishing feature is the larger body size of C. goodwini. To better characterize these species and confirm the identification of recently-collected specimens, we obtained digital X-ray images of the manus from large series of dried skins of both species. Measurements of the metacarpals and phalanges successfully separated most specimens of C. goodwini and C. griseoventris. These measurements also show that the fore feet of C. griseoventris from Chiapas, Mexico, are morphologically distinct from those of members of the species inhabiting Guatemala. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses indicate that fore foot characters are more conservative within species of the C. mexicana group than are cranio-mandibular characters. Patterns of evolution of fore foot characters that superficially appear to be linear gradations are actually more complex, illustrating individual evolutionary trajectories. No claim to original US government works. Journal compilation (C) 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 99, 118-134. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Stephens, Ryan B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu FU Bill and Jean Lane Internship Endowment of the Research Training; National Museum of Natural History, Washington FX We thank Walter Bulmer, Ralph Eckerlin, Jack Matson, and Nicte Ordonez for providing new specimens of Cryptotis from Guatemala. Franklin Herrera assisted with permits for field work in Guatemala. R. Terry Chesser, Sandy Feinstein, Robert D. Fisher, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable input on previous versions of this manuscript. Ryan Stephens was supported by the Bill and Jean Lane Internship Endowment of the Research Training Program, National Museum of Natural History, Washington. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 99 IS 1 BP 118 EP 134 PG 17 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 534JK UT WOS:000272892200010 ER PT J AU Criales, MM Robblee, MB Browder, JA Cardenas, H Jackson, TL AF Criales, Maria M. Robblee, Michael B. Browder, Joan A. Cardenas, Hernando Jackson, Thomas L. TI NEARSHORE CONCENTRATION OF PINK SHRIMP (FARFANTEPENAEUS DUORARUM) POSTLARVAE IN NORTHERN FLORIDA BAY IN RELATION TO NOCTURNAL FLOOD TIDE SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; BLUE-CRAB; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PENAEUS-DUORARUM; TORTUGAS GROUNDS; STREAM TRANSPORT; ABUNDANCE; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE AB We address the question of whether the low abundance of juvenile pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) in northern-central Florida Bay results from (i) limiting environmental conditions, (ii) a reduced postlarval transport, or (iii) both. To explore this question, postlarvae were collected during the new moon in both summer and fall of 2004 and 2005 at six stations located on a transect from the bay's western margin to its interior. The highest concentrations of postlarvae occurred at two mid-transect stations located in shallow channels with moderate tidal amplitudes (15-20 cm) and dense seagrass beds. At the two interior-most stations postlarval concentrations decreased together with a reduction of the tidal amplitude (approximate to 1 cm). Estimates of the cumulative flood-tide displacement with the semidiurnal M(2) constituent indicated that the tide moves a maximum of 15 km in four nights, a distance that corresponds to the location of the highest concentrations of postlarvae. The size of postlarvae also reached a maximum at the location of the highest concentrations of postlarvae. Results suggest that postlarvae move into the bay's interior by a cumulative flood tidal process, advancing onshore during successive nights as far as they can go with the tide. Analyses indicate that, in addition to the tidal amplitude, cross-shelf wind stress and salinity also affect the concentrations of postlarvae. Peaks of postlarvae occurred at times of low salinity and strong southeasterly winds. While tidal transport appears to be insufficient for postlarvae to reach Florida Bay's interior, salinity and winds may also contribute to the observed distribution patterns of early pink shrimp recruits. C1 [Criales, Maria M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Robblee, Michael B.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. [Browder, Joan A.; Jackson, Thomas L.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cardenas, Hernando] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mcriales@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA FX We thank N. Smith (Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute) for his valuable comments and advice during the development of this research; N. Melo, T. Lee, and J. Martinez (University of Miami, RSMAS) for their useful comments on the hydrodynamics of Florida Bay and south Florida; D. Smith (Everglades National Park) for providing data on temperature, water level, and salinity; J. Hall, D. Hazra, J. Contillo, J. Tomolioni, A. Daniels, R. Esteve, G. Liehr, E. Buck, and other NOAA and USGS personnel for assistance with field sampling; the NOAA South Florida Ecosystem Restoration and Modeling Program and the Habitat Program at NOAA Fisheries for funding this research. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 86 IS 1 BP 53 EP 74 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 546IE UT WOS:000273803700004 ER PT J AU Wong, LJ Larsen, JF AF Wong, Lily J. Larsen, Jessica F. TI The Middle Scoria sequence: A Holocene violent strombolian, subplinian and phreatomagmatic eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Okmok; Basaltic andesite; Subplinian; Phreatomagmatic; Crystallization; Mafic; Strombolian ID NEW-ZEALAND; MICROLITE CRYSTALLIZATION; HAZARDS ASSESSMENT; BASALTIC MAGMA; DEPOSITS; MORPHOLOGY; DYNAMICS; ASCENT; EJECTA; MEXICO AB The Middle Scoria deposit represents an explosive eruption of basaltic andesite magma (54 wt. % SiO(2)) from Okmok volcano during mid-Holocene time. The pattern of dispersal and characteristics of the ejecta indicate that the eruption opened explosively, with ash textural evidence for a limited degree of phreatomagmatism. The second phase of the eruption produced thick vesicular scoria deposits with grain texture, size and dispersal characteristics that indicate it was violent strombolian to subplinian in style. The third eruptive phase produced deposits with a shift towards grain shapes that are dense, blocky, and poorly vesicular, and intermittent surge layers, indicating later transitions between magmatic (violent strombolian) to phreatomagmatic (vulcanian) eruptive styles. Isopach maps yield bulk volume estimates that range from 0.06 to 0.43 km(3), with similar to 0.04 to 0.25 km(3) total DRE. The associated column heights and mass discharge values calculated from isopleth maps of individual Middle Scoria layers are 8.5 - 14 km and 0.4 to 45 x 10(6) kg/s. The Middle Scoria tephras are enriched in plagioclase microlites that have the textural characteristics of rapid magma ascent and relatively high degrees of effective undercooling. Those textures probably reflect the rapid magma ascent accompanying the violent strombolian and subplinian phases of the eruption. In the later stages of the eruption, the plagioclase microlite number densities decrease and textures include more tabular plagioclase, indicating a slowing of the ascent rate. The findings on the Middle Scoria are consistent with other explosive mafic eruptions, and show that outside of the two large caldera-forming eruptions, Okmok is also capable of producing violent mafic eruptions, marked by varying degrees of phreatomagmatism. C1 [Larsen, Jessica F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wong, Lily J.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Geosci, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Larsen, JF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM faust@gi.alaska.edu FU Alaska Volcano Observatory; U. S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazard Program; Federal Aviation Administration FX This study was funded funded through the Alaska Volcano Observatory with support from the U. S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazard Program and the Federal Aviation Administration. The authors thank Jim Beget, Chris Nye, Janet Schaefer, and Tina Neal for discussions and assistance with the undertaking of this project. The authors thank Michael Ort and Jonathan Castro for critical reviews that resulted in an improved version of the original study. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s00445-009-0301-y PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 530YT UT WOS:000272629600002 ER PT J AU Ji, L Wylie, B Ramachandran, B Jenkerson, C AF Ji, Lei Wylie, Bruce Ramachandran, Bhaskar Jenkerson, Calli TI A comparative analysis of three different MODIS NDVI datasets for Alaska and adjacent Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; ASTER; VALIDATION; REGRESSION; LINES AB Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data offer great potential for monitoring vegetation dynamics in Alaska. However, certain MODIS image quality issues, such as geometric distortion, have been analyzed and documented in high latitudes and regions distant from the Greenwich Meridian. To improve MODIS data usability, the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) developed a seven-band reflectance dataset (10 day composite) at 250 m resolution for Canada and North America. More recently, the US Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center produced an eMODIS dataset that includes a 7 day composite of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and surface reflectance data at 250 m, 500 m, and 1 km resolutions for the conterminous United States and Alaska. Although these two datasets are based on the same MODIS level 1B data as those of the standard MODIS products, they are processed to improve their use in high-latitude regions. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the standard MODIS, CCRS MODIS, and eMODIS Alaska 250 m NDVI products using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images as a reference source. CCRS MODIS and eMODIS Alaska NDVI images have significantly improved geometric features over those of the standard MODIS product. Pixel-by-pixel comparisons of the MODIS datasets indicated that all retained the original MODIS radiometric characteristics, but considerable mismatches at the pixel level were found due to geometric distortions caused by resampling. All three MODIS datasets agreed well as images were degraded to 5 or 10 km resolution. C1 [Ji, Lei] US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ramachandran, Bhaskar; Jenkerson, Calli] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, ADNET Syst Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS [08HQCN0007, 08HQCN0005]; Climate Effects Network; Land Remote Sensing and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring programs FX This research was funded by the USGS through the Earth Surface Dynamics program, the Climate Effects Network, and the Land Remote Sensing and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring programs. The work by L. Ji was performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0007, and the work by B. Ramachandran and C. Jenkerson was performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0005. We thank David Meyer, Robert Klaver, Dan Steinwand, Thomas Maiersperger, Thomas Adamson, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions on the original manuscript. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP S149 EP S167 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 656WE UT WOS:000282371000012 ER PT S AU Kim, G Swarzenski, PW AF Kim, Guebuem Swarzenski, P. W. BE Liu, KK Atkinson, L Quinones, R TalaueMcManus, L TI Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) and Associated Nutrient Fluxes to the Coastal Ocean SO CARBON AND NUTRIENT FLUXES IN CONTINENTAL MARGINS: A GLOBAL SYNTHESIS SE Global Change The IGBP Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kim, Guebuem] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Swarzenski, P. W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Kim, G (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM gkim@snu.ac.kr; pswarzen@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1619-2435 BN 978-3-540-92734-1 J9 GLOB CHANGE IGBP SER PY 2010 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-92735-2_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-92735-8 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BNL20 UT WOS:000274846600011 ER PT J AU Silalom, S Carter, JL Chantaramongkol, P AF Silalom, Somyot Carter, James L. Chantaramongkol, Porntip TI Calculation of Weighted Averages Approach for the Estimation of Ping Tolerance Values SO CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ping tolerance values; macroinvertebrates; biomonitoring; water quality ID BIOTIC INDEX AB A biotic index was created and proposed as a tool to assess water quality in the Upper Mae Ping sub-watersheds. The Ping biotic index was calculated by utilizing Ping tolerance values. This paper presents the calculation of Ping tolerance values of the collected macroinvertebrates. Ping tolerance values were estimated by a weighted averages approach based on the abundance of macroinvertebrates and six chemical constituents that include conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate. Ping tolerance values range from 0 to 10. Macroinvertebrates assigned a 0 are very sensitive to organic pollution while macroinvertebrates assigned 10 are highly tolerant to pollution. C1 [Silalom, Somyot; Chantaramongkol, Porntip] Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. [Silalom, Somyot] Queen Sirikit Bot Garden, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand. [Carter, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Silalom, S (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM Jeckky@hotmail.com FU Royal Golden Jubliee (RGJ); Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden (QSBG); Biology Department, Chiang Mai University; Stream Invertebrate Ecology Laboratory; National Research Program; Water Resources Discipline; U.S. Geological Survey, CA, USA FX Our appreciation is given to the Royal Golden Jubliee (RGJ) for their financial support. Special thanks are given to Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden (QSBG) and the Biology Department, Chiang Mai University as well as the Stream Invertebrate Ecology Laboratory, National Research Program, Water Resources Discipline, U.S. Geological Survey, CA, USA for all their support. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHIANG MAI UNIV PI CHIANG MAI PA FACULTY SCIENCE, CHIANG MAI, 50200, THAILAND SN 0125-2526 J9 CHIANG MAI J SCI JI Chiang Mai J. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 BP 150 EP 158 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 565QL UT WOS:000275309200017 ER PT J AU Piazza, BP La Peyre, MK Keim, BD AF Piazza, Bryan P. La Peyre, Megan K. Keim, Barry D. TI Relating large-scale climate variability to local species abundance: ENSO forcing and shrimp in Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; ENSO; El Nino; La Nina; Farfantepenaeus aztecus; Shrimp; Estuary; Louisiana ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; BROWN SHRIMP; FISH COMMUNITIES; RIVER DISCHARGE; DELTAIC ESTUARY; HABITAT CHANGE; PATOS LAGOON; FRESH-WATER AB Climate creates environmental constraints (filters) that affect the abundance and distribution of species. In estuaries, these constraints often result from variability in water flow properties and environmental conditions (i.e. water flow, salinity, water temperature) and can have significant effects on the abundance and distribution of commercially important nekton species. We investigated links between large-scale climate variability and juvenile brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus abundance in Breton Sound estuary, Louisiana (USA). Our goals were to (1) determine if a teleconnection exists between local juvenile brown shrimp abundance and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and (2) relate that linkage to environmental constraints that may affect juvenile brown shrimp recruitment to, and survival in, the estuary. Our results identified a teleconnection between winter ENSO conditions and juvenile brown shrimp abundance in Breton Sound estuary the following spring. The physical connection results from the impact of ENSO on winter weather conditions in Breton Sound (air pressure, temperature, and precipitation). Juvenile brown shrimp abundance effects lagged ENSO by 3 mo: lower than average abundances of juvenile brown shrimp were caught in springs following winter El Nino events, and higher than average abundances of brown shrimp were caught in springs following La Nina winters. Salinity was the dominant ENSO-forced environmental filter for juvenile brown shrimp. Spring salinity was cumulatively forced by winter river discharge, winter wind forcing, and spring precipitation. Thus, predicting brown shrimp abundance requires incorporating climate variability into models. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, USGS Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Keim, Barry D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Louisiana Off State Climatol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Piazza, BP (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, POB 4125, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. EM bpiazza@tnc.org FU Louisiana Department of Natural Resources; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries through support of the USGS Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank M. Beck (Louisiana Department of Natural Resources) for support with data sets. G. Snedden (US Geological Survey, USGS) provided help with and discussion of data analysis. M. Fischer (USGS) provided assistance with the study area map and review of the manuscript. G. McCabe (USGS), L. Rozas (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), K. Rose (Louisiana State University, LSU), and J. Cable (LSU) provided reviews of the manuscript. This work was funded by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries through support of the USGS Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.3354/cr00898 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 667OX UT WOS:000283204500003 ER PT J AU Pederson, GT Graumlich, LJ Fagre, DB Kipfer, T Muhlfeld, CC AF Pederson, Gregory T. Graumlich, Lisa J. Fagre, Daniel B. Kipfer, Todd Muhlfeld, Clint C. TI A century of climate and ecosystem change in Western Montana: what do temperature trends portend? SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BULL TROUT; NATIONAL-PARK; MOUNTAIN; WILDFIRE; IMPACTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; VARIABLES AB The physical science linking human-induced increases in greenhouse gasses to the warming of the global climate system is well established, but the implications of this warming for ecosystem processes and services at regional scales is still poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of this work were to: (1) describe rates of change in temperature averages and extremes for western Montana, a region containing sensitive resources and ecosystems, (2) investigate associations between Montana temperature change to hemispheric and global temperature change, (3) provide climate analysis tools for land and resource managers responsible for researching and maintaining renewable resources, habitat, and threatened/endangered species and (4) integrate our findings into a more general assessment of climate impacts on ecosystem processes and services over the past century. Over 100 years of daily and monthly temperature data collected in western Montana, USA are analyzed for long-term changes in seasonal averages and daily extremes. In particular, variability and trends in temperature above or below ecologically and socially meaningful thresholds within this region (e.g., -17.8A degrees C (0A degrees F), 0A degrees C (32A degrees F), and 32.2A degrees C (90A degrees F)) are assessed. The daily temperature time series reveal extremely cold days (a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand a'17.8A degrees C) terminate on average 20 days earlier and decline in number, whereas extremely hot days (a parts per thousand yen32A degrees C) show a three-fold increase in number and a 24-day increase in seasonal window during which they occur. Results show that regionally important thresholds have been exceeded, the most recent of which include the timing and number of the 0A degrees C freeze/thaw temperatures during spring and fall. Finally, we close with a discussion on the implications for Montana's ecosystems. Special attention is given to critical processes that respond non-linearly as temperatures exceed critical thresholds, and have positive feedbacks that amplify the changes. C1 [Pederson, Gregory T.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Pederson, Gregory T.; Graumlich, Lisa J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fagre, Daniel B.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Glacier Field Off, Glacier Natl Pk, MT 59936 USA. [Kipfer, Todd] Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Pederson, GT (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 229 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM gpederson@usgs.gov RI Graumlich, Lisa/A-1421-2012 OI Graumlich, Lisa/0000-0003-1239-1873 FU U. S. Geological Survey's Western Mountain Initiative; Global Change Program FX We would like to thank Chris Caruso for his early and helpful contribution to this manuscript, and we wish him well in his work and on his travels throughMozambique. We would also like to that Jeremy Weiss, Jonathan Overpeck, and Steve Running for providing the inspiration to conduct this research for this region. In addition, we are thankful for the insightful comments on this manuscript from Jeremy Littell, and three anonymous reviewers. Their time and efforts greatly improved the writing quality and figures. Ali Macalady provided both valuable insights along with important additions to the R program for daily temperature analysis. Additional thanks are due to all the people, institutions, and agencies that have done the important work of making high- quality climate data and analysis software freely available. This work was supported by and is a product of the U. S. Geological Survey's Western Mountain Initiative and the Global Change Program. NR 63 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 48 U2 134 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9642-y PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 532WS UT WOS:000272781700007 ER PT B AU Farag, AM Harper, DD Senecal, A Hubert, WA AF Farag, Aida M. Harper, David D. Senecal, Anna Hubert, Wayne A. BE Reddy, KJ TI POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF COALBED NATURAL GAS DEVELOPMENT ON FISH AND AQUATIC RESOURCES SO COALED NATURAL GAS: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE Energy Science Engineering and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; CUTTHROAT TROUT; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; PRAIRIE STREAMS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; COLORADO RIVER; GROWTH; OIL AB The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary of issues and findings related to the potential effects of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) development on fish and other aquatic resources. We reviewed CBNG issues from across the United States and used the Powder River Basin of Wyoming as a case study to exemplify some pertinent issues. The quality of water produced during CBNG extraction is quite variable. High total dissolved solids in many CBNG produced waters are of concern relative to fish and other aquatic organisms. Untreated CBNG produced water has the potential to be toxic to fish and aquatic organisms. Of particular concern at some locations in the Powder River basin are elevated concentrations of sodium bicarbonate which have been shown to be toxic to some species of larval fish and aquatic invertebrates. The areas affected by direct toxicity were limited to headwaters and small tributaries studied in the basin. The potential effects of organic compounds used during well drilling and CBNG production on water quality, fish, and aquatic organisms are not well defined. Water produced from CBNG wells that is low in salts or has been treated to remove salts may be discharged into ephemeral or perennially-flowing streams. Higher flows in small streams can enhance erosion and affect habitat for fish and aquatic organisms. In Great Plains rivers, such as the Powder River, fish and aquatic invertebrate communities are structured by extreme environmental conditions. Direct discharge of CBNG produced water during periods of very low or no surface flow may cause shifts in the aquatic community structure. Additional effects of CBNG development on fish and aquatic organisms may stem from road building and pipeline construction, roads crossing streams and ephemeral water courses, the possible spread of invasive organisms, potential spills of toxic substances, and increased harvest of sport fish. C1 [Farag, Aida M.; Harper, David D.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Senecal, Anna; Hubert, Wayne A.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov; david_harper@usgs.gov; asenecal@uwyo.edu; WHubert@uwyo.edu NR 77 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-61668-036-7 J9 ENERG SCI ENG TECH PY 2010 BP 227 EP 242 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BTF95 UT WOS:000286869000011 ER PT J AU Finocchiaro, RG Kremer, RJ AF Finocchiaro, Raymond G. Kremer, Robert J. TI Effect of Municipal Wastewater as a Wetland Water Source on Soil Microbial Activity SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Microbiology; salinity; sewage; soil water content ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; IRRIGATION; SEED; MICROORGANISMS; SALINITY; EFFLUENT; BACTERIA; BIOMASS; CARBON AB Microbial activity levels of two soil materials, excavated from a wetland and irrigated with municipal wastewater effluent or Missouri River water, were compared. The wastewater had twice the electrical conductivity and four times the sodium concentration as river water. We performed activity assays on the soils before leaching, immediately after leaching, and after harvesting plants. Gas chromatography was used to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) evolved in soil samples incubated for 7 d. Activity was significantly reduced in preleached wastewater-irrigated soils compared with river water-irrigated soils. Immediately after leaching, activity significantly increased and was similar to river water-irrigated soils. Activity decreased slightly after plant harvest in postleached treatments. Increased activity after leaching may be related to decreased salinity and sodicity, which probably lowered osmotic pressure in the soil. Our study demonstrated that soil salinity and sodicity induced by wastewater irrigation decreased microbial activity, which may impact nutrient cycling and glycophytic vegetation communities in wetlands. C1 [Finocchiaro, Raymond G.; Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Finocchiaro, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM rfinocchiaro@usgs.gov FU Gaylord Memorial Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia; Missouri Department of Conservation Cooperating; Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station [183] FX This research was supported by contributions from Gaylord Memorial Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia; the Missouri Department of Conservation Cooperating; and Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station Project 183. Great appreciation is given to Dr. L. Stanley and J. Nichols for laboratory assistance and to K. Park and N. Means for assisting in processing samples through gas chromatography. Special thanks go to Dr. R. Dresbach of the Soil Characterization Laboratory, University of Missouri-Columbia, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, Morris, Minnesota, for assisting with soil analyses. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 16 BP 1974 EP 1985 AR PII 926813190 DI 10.1080/00103624.2010.495807 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 648XL UT WOS:000281728500008 ER PT S AU Frimpong, EA Angermeier, PL AF Frimpong, Emmanuel A. Angermeier, Paul L. BE Gido, KB Jackson, DA TI Trait-Based Approaches in the Analysis of Stream Fish Communities SO COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF STREAM FISHES: CONCEPTS, APPROACHES, AND TECHNIQUES SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques CY AUG 19-20, 2008 CL Ottawa, CANADA ID LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; THERMAL/DISSOLVED OXYGEN HABITAT; DIFFERENT CLIMATE SCENARIOS; FRESH-WATER FISHES; SPECIES TRAITS; CONTIGUOUS US; ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION REGULATION; REPRODUCTIVE GUILDS; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS AB Species traits are used to study the functional organization of fish communities for a range of reasons, from simply reducing data dimensionality to providing mechanistic explanations for observed variation in communities. Ecological and life history traits have been used to understand the basic ecology of fishes and predict (1) species and community responses to habitat and climate alteration, and (2) species extinction, species invasion, and community homogenization. Many approaches in this arena have been developed during the past three decades, but they often have not been integrated with related ecological concepts or subdisciplines, which has led to confusion in terminology We review 102 studies of species traits and then summarize patterns in traits being used and questions being addressed with trait-based approaches. Overall, studies of fish-habitat relationships that apply habitat templates and hierarchical filters dominate our sample; the most frequently used traits are related to feeding. We define and show the relationships among key terms such as fundamental and realized niches; functional traits, performance, and fitness; tactic, trait-state, syndromes, and strategies; and guilds and functional groups. We propose accelerating research to (1) quantify trait plasticity, (2) identify traits useful for testing ecological hypotheses, (3) model habitat and biotic interactions in communities while explicitly accounting for phylogenetic relationships, (4) explore how traits control community assembly, and (5) document the importance of traits in fish-community responses to anthropogenic change and in delivering ecosystem services. Further synthesis of these topics is still needed to develop concepts, models, and principles that can unify the disparate approaches taken in trait-based analysis of fish communities, link fish community ecology to general community ecology, and inform sustainable management of ecosystems. C1 [Frimpong, Emmanuel A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Frimpong, EA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM frimp@vt.edu FU U. S. Geological Survey's Aquatic Gap Analysis Program FX We are grateful to Richard Pendleton and Molly Tainer, both students of Virginia Tech Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, during the development of this manuscript, for their help with literature searches, screening, and compilation. Our participation in this symposium and preparation of the manuscript was partially supported by the U. S. Geological Survey's Aquatic Gap Analysis Program. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 107 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-14-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2010 VL 73 BP 109 EP 136 PG 28 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QO UT WOS:000393626300006 ER PT S AU Roberts, JH Hitt, NP AF Roberts, James H. Hitt, Nathaniel P. BE Gido, KB Jackson, DA TI Longitudinal Structure in Temperate Stream Fish Communities: Evaluating Conceptual Models with Temporal Data SO COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF STREAM FISHES: CONCEPTS, APPROACHES, AND TECHNIQUES SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques CY AUG 19-20, 2008 CL Ottawa, CANADA ID LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE; HABITAT GRADIENTS; EASTERN KENTUCKY; SPECIES RICHNESS; SPATIAL POSITION; RIVER SYSTEMS; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; PERSISTENCE AB Five conceptual models of longitudinal fish community organization in streams were examined: (1) niche diversity model (NDM), (2) stream continuum model (SCM), (3) immigrant accessibility model (IAM), (4) environmental stability model (ESM), and (5) adventitious stream model (ASM). We used differences among models in their predictions about temporal species turnover, along with five spatiotemporal fish community data sets, to evaluate model applicability. Models were similar in predicting a positive species richness stream size relationship and longitudinal species nestedness, but differed in predicting either similar temporal species turnover throughout the stream continuum (NDM, SCM), higher turnover upstream (IAM, ESM), or higher turnover downstream (ASM). We calculated measures of spatial and temporal variation from spatiotemporal fish data in five wadeable streams in central and eastern North America spanning 34-68 years (French Creek [New York], Piasa Creek [Illinois], Spruce Run [Virginia], Little Stony Creek [Virginia], and Sinking Creek [Virginia]). All streams exhibited substantial species turnover (i.e., at least 27% turnover in stream-scale species pools), in contrast to the predictions of the SCM. Furthermore, community change was greater in downstream than upstream reaches in four of five streams. This result is most consistent with the ASM and suggests that downstream communities are strongly influenced by migrants to and from species pools outside the focal stream. In Sinking Creek, which is isolated from external species pools, temporal species turnover (via increased richness) was higher upstream than downstream, which is a pattern most consistent with the IAM or ESM. These results corroborate the hypothesis that temperate stream habitats and fish communities are temporally dynamic and that fish migration and environmental disturbances play fundamental roles in stream fish community organization. C1 [Roberts, James H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hitt, Nathaniel P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Roberts, JH (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM darter@vt.edu NR 69 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-14-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2010 VL 73 BP 281 EP 299 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QO UT WOS:000393626300013 ER PT S AU Angermeier, PL AF Angermeier, Paul L. BE Gido, KB Jackson, DA TI Preface: Conservation Challenges for Stream Fish Ecologists SO COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF STREAM FISHES: CONCEPTS, APPROACHES, AND TECHNIQUES SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques CY AUG 19-20, 2008 CL Ottawa, CANADA ID FRESH-WATER; LANDSCAPES; DIVERSITY; VIRGINIA C1 [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Angermeier, PL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries; Wildlife Management Institute FX The unit is jointly sponsored by U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-14-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2010 VL 73 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG9QO UT WOS:000393626300014 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Bayer, JM Bryan, MB Sower, SA AF Mesa, Matthew G. Bayer, Jennifer M. Bryan, Mara B. Sower, Stacia A. TI Annual sex steroid and other physiological profiles of Pacific lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pacific lamprey; Sex steroids; Thyroid hormones; Plasma protein; Triglycerides; Plasma glucose ID LAMPETRA-FLUVIATILIS L; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; OVARIAN-FOLLICLES; FINAL MATURATION; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; RIVER LAMPREY; COHO SALMON AB We documented changes in plasma levels of estradiol 17-beta (E2), progesterone (P), 15 alpha-hydroxytestosterone (15 alpha-T), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), protein, triglycerides (TGs), and glucose in adult Pacific lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus) held in the laboratory in two different years. Levels of E2 in both sexes ranged from 0.5 to 2 ng/mL from September to March, peaked in late April (2-4 ng/mL), and decreased in May, with levels higher in males than in females. Levels of P were low from September through April, but then increased substantially during May (2-4 ng/mL), with levels again highest in males. Levels of 15 alpha-T in males were around 0.75 ng/mL through the winter before exceeding 1 ng/mL in April and decreasing thereafter, whereas females showed a gradual increase from 0.25 ng/mL in November to 0.5 ng/mL in April before decreasing. Thyroxine concentrations differed between fish in each year, with most having levels ranging from 0.75 to 2.5 ng/mL in the fall and winter, and only fish in 2003 showing distinct peaks (3-4 ng/mL) in early April or May. Plasma T3 was undetectable from November through mid-March before surging dramatically in April (ca. 150 ng/mL) and decreasing thereafter. Levels of protein, TGs, and glucose decreased or were stable during the fall and winter with TGs and glucose surging in late April to early May for some fish. Our study is the first to document long-term physiological changes in Pacific lampreys during overwintering and sexual maturation and increases our understanding of the life history of this unique fish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mesa, Matthew G.; Bayer, Jennifer M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Bryan, Mara B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sower, Stacia A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Mol & Comparat Endocrinol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM mmesa@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 155 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.09.019 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 537ZP UT WOS:000273153600009 PM 19782759 ER PT J AU Jantz, CA Goetz, SJ Donato, D Claggett, P AF Jantz, Claire A. Goetz, Scott J. Donato, David Claggett, Peter TI Designing and implementing a regional urban modeling system using the SLEUTH cellular urban model SO COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Urban modeling; Urban simulation; Cellular automata; SLEUTH; Chesapeake Bay ID METROPOLITAN-AREA; AUTOMATON MODEL; SAN-FRANCISCO; LAND-USE; GROWTH; FORM; BAY AB This paper presents a fine-scale (30 meter resolution) regional land cover modeling system, based on the SLEUTH cellular automata model, that was developed for a 257000 km(2) area comprising the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin in the eastern United States. As part of this effort, we developed a new version of the SLEUTH model (SLEUTH-3r), which introduces new functionality and fit metrics that substantially increase the performance and applicability of the model. In addition, we developed methods that expand the capability of SLEUTH to incorporate economic, cultural and policy information, opening up new avenues for the integration of SLEUTH with other land-change models. SLEUTH-3r is also more computationally efficient (by a factor of 5) and uses less memory (reduced 65%) than the original software. With the new version of SLEUTH, we were able to achieve high accuracies at both the aggregate level of 15 subregional modeling units and at finer scales. We present forecasts to 2030 of urban development under a current trends scenario across the entire Chesapeake Bay drainage basin, and three alternative scenarios for a sub-region within the Chesapeake Bay watershed to illustrate the new ability of SLEUTH-3r to generate forecasts across a broad range of conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jantz, Claire A.] Shippensburg Univ, Geog Earth Sci Dept, Shippensburg, PA 17257 USA. [Goetz, Scott J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Donato, David] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Claggett, Peter] US Geol Survey, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Jantz, CA (reprint author), Shippensburg Univ, Geog Earth Sci Dept, 1871 Old Main Dr, Shippensburg, PA 17257 USA. EM cajant@ship.edu; sgoetz@whrc.org; didonato@usgs.gov; PClagget@chesapeakebay.net RI Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015 OI Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308 NR 33 TC 51 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0198-9715 J9 COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN JI Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.08.003 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Operations Research & Management Science GA 553FX UT WOS:000274352800001 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Brousseau, LJ Mandt, MT Millard, MJ AF Smith, David R. Brousseau, Lorne J. Mandt, Mary T. Millard, Michael J. TI Age and sex specific timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of horseshoe crab spawning in Delaware Bay: Insights from a large-scale radio telemetry array SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spawning behavior; Marine arthropod; Xiphosurid; Limulus polyphemus; Delaware Bay; Radio telemetry ID LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; CAPE-COD; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; MATING TACTICS; POPULATION; MASSACHUSETTS; RESOURCE; BEHAVIOR; USA AB To study horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus spawning behavior and migration over a large-spatial extent (> 100 km), we arrayed fixed station radio receivers throughout Delaware Bay and deployed radio transmitters and archival tags on adult horseshoe crabs prior to their spawning season. We tagged and released 160 females and 60 males in 2004 and 217 females in 2005. The array covered approximately 140 km of shoreline. Recapture rates were >70% with multi-year recaptures. We categorized adult age by carapace wear. Older females tended to spawn earlier in the season and more frequently than young females, but those tendencies were more apparent in 2004 when spawning overall occurred earlier than in 2005 when spawning was delayed possibly due to decreased water temperatures. Timing of initial spawning within a year was correlated with water temperature. After adjusting for day of first spring tide, the day of first spawning was 4 days earlier for every 1 degree (C) rise in mean daily water temperature in May. Seventy nine % of spawning occurred during nighttime high tides. Fifty five % of spawning occurred within 3 d of a spring tide, which was slightly higher than the 47% expected if spawning was uniformly distributed regardless of tidal cycle. Within the same spawning season, males and females were observed spawning or intertidally resting at more than one beach separated by > 5 km. Between years, most (77%) did not return to spawn at the same beach. Probability of stranding was strongly age dependent for males and females with older adults experiencing higher stranding rates. Horseshoe crabs staging in the shallow waters east of the channel spawned exclusively along the eastern (NJ) shoreline, but those staging west of the channel spawned throughout the bay. Overall, several insights emerged from the use of radio telemetry, which advances our understanding of horseshoe crab ecology and will be useful in conserving the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab population and habitats[Current Zoology 56 (5): 563-574, 2010]. C1 [Smith, David R.; Mandt, Mary T.] USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25443 USA. [Brousseau, Lorne J.] Cornell Univ Cooperat Extens, Riverhead, NY 11901 USA. [Millard, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25443 USA. EM drsmith@usgs.gov FU USGS; New Jersey Fish Game Wildlife; Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control FX The authors greatly appreciate the many individuals involved in the Delaware Bay tagging study. Principal among them were S. Eyler, S. Michels, M. Oates, M. Sclafani, S. Love, staff from the Delaware Coastal Program and Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve, and B. Spear and other staff from Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. Funding came from the USGS Science Support Program, New Jersey Fish Game & Wildlife, and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. We thank H. J. Brockmann for insightful comments on male mating tactics and low recapture rates of young males. Helpful comments were provided by anonymous reviewers, which improved the paper. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 27 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 5 BP 563 EP 574 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 674ER UT WOS:000283717500007 ER PT B AU Sanders, NJ Dunn, RR Fitzpatrick, MC Carlton, CE Pogue, MR Parker, CR Simons, TR AF Sanders, Nathan J. Dunn, Robert R. Fitzpatrick, Matthew C. Carlton, Christopher E. Pogue, Michael R. Parker, Charles R. Simons, Theodore R. BE Spehn, EM Korner, C TI Diverse Elevational Diversity Gradients in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA SO DATA MINING FOR GLOBAL TRENDS IN MOUNTAIN BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES-RICHNESS PATTERNS; VASCULAR PLANT DIVERSITY; LEAF-LITTER ANTS; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; GEOMETRID MOTHS; GLOBAL PATTERNS; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; CLIMATE; ENERGY C1 [Sanders, Nathan J.; Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dunn, Robert R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Carlton, Christopher E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pogue, Michael R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. [Parker, Charles R.] US Geol Survey, Great Smokies Field Stn, Gatlinburg, TN USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, USGS NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, NJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Fitzpatrick, Matthew/F-7620-2010 OI Fitzpatrick, Matthew/0000-0003-1911-8407 NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8370-5; 978-1-4200-8369-9 PY 2010 BP 75 EP 87 PG 13 WC Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BD3TE UT WOS:000360131200011 ER PT J AU Jackson, PR Ledwell, JR Thurnherr, AM AF Jackson, P. R. Ledwell, J. R. Thurnherr, A. M. TI Dispersion of a tracer on the East Pacific Rise (9 degrees N to 10 degrees N), including the influence of hydrothermal plumes SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Ocean mixing; East Pacific Rise; Hydrothermal vent plume; Tracer experiment; Larval transport ID DE-FUCA-RIDGE; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; LARVAL DISPERSAL; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; AXIAL VOLCANO; CROSS-FLOW; VENTS; DIFFUSE; TRANSPORT; DISCRETE AB On 12 November 2006, 3 kg of sulfur hexafluoride were released in a 1.2 km long streak in the axial summit trough of the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees 30'N to study how circulation and mixing affect larval dispersion. The first half of a tracer survey performed approximately 40 days after the injection found a small percentage of the tracer on the ridge axis between 9 degrees 30'N and 10 degrees 10'N, with the main concentration near 9 degrees 50'N, a site of many active hydrothermal vents. These observations provide evidence of larval connectivity between vent sites on the ridge. The latter half of the survey detected the primary patch of tracer west of the ridge and just south of the Lamont Seamounts, as a majority of the tracer had been transported off the ridge. However, by the end of the survey, the eastern edge of this patch was transported back to within 10 km of the ridge crest at 9 degrees 50'N by a reversal in the subinertial flow, suggesting another pathway for larvae between points along the ridge. Both the horizontal and vertical distributions of the tracer were complex and were likely heavily influenced by topography and vents in the area. Elevated tracer concentrations within the axial summit trough and an adjacent depression on the upper ridge flank suggest that tracers may be detained in such depressions. Correlated tracer/turbidity profiles provide direct evidence of entrainment of the tracer into vent plumes from 9 degrees 30'N to 10 degrees N. A comparison of the vertical tracer inventory with neutral density vent-plume observations suggests that on the order of 10% of the tracer injected was entrained into vent plumes near the injection site. The results imply that effluent from diffuse hydrothermal sources and larvae of hydrothermal vent fauna can be entrained in significant quantities into plumes from discrete sources and dispersed in the neutrally buoyant plumes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ledwell, J. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jackson, P. R.] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Thurnherr, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Ledwell, JR (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM pjackson@usgs.gov; jledwell@whoi.edu; ant@ldeo.columbia.edu OI Jackson, P. Ryan/0000-0002-3154-6108 FU NSF [OCE-0424953] FX This study was funded by NSF Grant OCE-0424953. We wish to thank the LADDER lead investigator L. Mullineatlx, and investigators D. McGillicuddy and W. Lavelle for their input and support. We thank B. Guest, C. Sellers, L. Houghton, for their participation in the planning, preparation, and execution of the tracer release experiment. We thank the science parties on the LADDER 1 and 2 cruises, especially S. Beaulieu, I. Garcia-Berdeal, T. Fischer, S. Bennett, N. Kelly, S. Mills, T. Eldson, N. Le Bris, F. Pradillon, L.Corbari, S. Katz, S. Gollner, A. Jackson, and K. Krumhansl, and the crew of DSV Alvin and R/V Atlantis for their help in the experiment. We also thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments have significantly improved this paper. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.011 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 553OM UT WOS:000274376700004 ER PT S AU Rosenbauer, RJ Thomas, B AF Rosenbauer, R. J. Thomas, B. BE MarotoValer, MM TI Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in deep saline aquifers and formations SO DEVELOPMENTS AND INNOVATION IN CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) CAPTURE AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 2: CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) STORAGE AND UTILISATION SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE CO2 storage; CO2 sequestration; saline aquifer; saline formation; geologic storage ID WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; STORAGE CAPACITY ESTIMATION; OIL-RECOVERY SITE; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; GREENHOUSE GASES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PURE WATER; GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration in geologic media is one among many emerging strategies to reduce atmospheric emissions of anthropogenic CO2. This chapter looks at the potential of deep saline aquifers - based on their capacity and close proximity to large point sources of CO2 - as repositories for the geologic sequestration of CO2. The petrochemical characteristics which impact on the suitability of saline aquifers for CO2 sequestration and the role of coupled geochemical transport models and numerical tools in evaluating site feasibility are also examined. The full-scale commercial CO2 sequestration project at Sleipner is described together with ongoing pilot and demonstration projects. C1 [Rosenbauer, R. J.; Thomas, B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rosenbauer, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM brosenbauer@usgs.gov OI Thomas, Burt/0000-0002-2228-6770 NR 220 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-9364 BN 978-1-84569-958-1; 978-1-84569-797-6 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2010 IS 16 BP 57 EP 103 DI 10.1533/9781845699581.1.57 D2 10.1533/9781845699581 PG 47 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BSH30 UT WOS:000284401300004 ER PT S AU Chander, G Sampath, A Angal, A Choi, T Xiong, XX AF Chander, Gyanesh Sampath, Aparajithan Angal, Amit Choi, Taeyoung (Jason) Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) BE Xiong, X Kim, C Shimoda, H TI Monitoring the long term stability of the IRS-P6 AWiFS sensor using the Sonoran and RVPN sites SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization CY OCT 13-14, 2010 CL Incheon, SOUTH KOREA SP SPIE, Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Korea Ocean satellite Ctr, Incheon Tourism Org, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Sci Technol Corp, Indian Space Res Org, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv DE L7 ETM+; IRS-P6 AWiFS; I2I; B2B; GLS; RVPN; I2I; B2B; geometry; radiometry; consistency; stability; Sonoran; test sites; calibration; Landsat; Geometry; Band to Band; Image to Image ID ORBIT GEOMETRIC CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; ETM+ AB This paper focuses on radiometric and geometric assessment of the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS-P6) Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) sensor using the Sonoran desert and Railroad Valley Playa, Nevada (RVPN) ground sites. Image-to-Image (I2I) accuracy and relative band-to-band (B2B) accuracy were measured. I2I accuracy of the AWiFS imagery was assessed by measuring the imagery against Landsat Global Land Survey (GLS) 2000. The AWiFS images were typically registered to within one pixel to the GLS 2000 mosaic images. The B2B process used the same concepts as the I2I, except instead of a reference image and a search image; the individual bands of a multispectral image are tested against each other. The B2B results showed that all the AWiFS multispectral bands are registered to sub-pixel accuracy. Using the limited amount of scenes available over these ground sites, the reflective bands of AWiFS sensor indicate a long-term drift in the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. Because of the limited availability of AWiFS scenes over these ground sites, a comprehensive evaluation of the radiometric stability using these sites is not possible. In order to overcome this limitation, a cross-comparison between AWiFS and Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) was performed using image statistics based on large common areas observed by the sensors within 30 minutes. Regression curves and coefficients of determination for the TOA trends from these sensors were generated to quantify the uncertainty in these relationships and to provide an assessment of the calibration differences between these sensors. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh; Sampath, Aparajithan] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8392-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7862 AR 78620K DI 10.1117/12.869537 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTO93 UT WOS:000287661700013 ER PT S AU Stone, TC AF Stone, Thomas C. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Stellar Calibration of the ROLO Lunar Radiometric Reference SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XV CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID VEGA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; TELESCOPE; MODEL; MOON; STAR AB The Lunar Calibration program at the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Flagstaff, AZ, provides the radiometric reference of the Moon as a source for calibration at reflected-solar wavelengths. To develop this capability, thousands of multispectral images of the Moon were acquired by the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) telescope imaging systems. During normal ROLO operations, 10 to 12 different stars were observed up to 15 times each night, primarily to derive atmospheric transmittance corrections for the Moon observations. But additionally, the ROLO telescope sensors are calibrated to the star Vega through a process of reduction of stellar images to absolute irradiances. A study of the ROLO stellar imaging characteristics for this purpose has led to development of an analytic model for the signal contained in the extended point spread function of the image data. This model is then applied as part of the standard data reduction procedures to generate corrections for individual star images. The resulting absolute stellar irradiance measurements allow development of a calibration history for the entire ROLO dataset, and by extension for the lunar models that constitute the lunar radiometric reference. This paper will discuss the image reduction techniques developed for calibration of the ROLO focal plane array sensors, and the implications of this development on the use of the Moon as a calibration reference source. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM tstone@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8303-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7807 AR 78070T DI 10.1117/12.862141 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU85 UT WOS:000285840600023 ER PT J AU Hogerwerf, L Wallace, RG Ottaviani, D Slingenbergh, J Prosser, D Bergmann, L Gilbert, M AF Hogerwerf, Lenny Wallace, Rob G. Ottaviani, Daniela Slingenbergh, Jan Prosser, Diann Bergmann, Luc Gilbert, Marius TI Persistence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Defined by Agro-Ecological Niche SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE global ecology; highly pathogenic avian influenza; agro-ecology; epidemiology ID DOMESTIC DUCKS; EVOLUTIONARY; THAILAND; ECOLOGY; NIGERIA; AFRICA; CHINA; ASIA; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT AB The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has spread across Eurasia and into Africa. Its persistence in a number of countries continues to disrupt poultry production, impairs smallholder livelihoods, and raises the risk a genotype adapted to human-to-human transmission may emerge. While previous studies identified domestic duck reservoirs as a primary risk factor associated with HPAI H5N1 persistence in poultry in Southeast Asia, little is known of such factors in countries with different agro-ecological conditions, and no study has investigated the impact of such conditions on HPAI H5N1 epidemiology at the global scale. This study explores the patterns of HPAI H5N1 persistence worldwide, and for China, Indonesia, and India includes individual provinces that have reported HPAI H5N1 presence during the 2004-2008 period. Multivariate analysis of a set of 14 agricultural, environmental, climatic, and socio-economic factors demonstrates in quantitative terms that a combination of six variables discriminates the areas with human cases and persistence: agricultural population density, duck density, duck by chicken density, chicken density, the product of agricultural population density and chicken output/input ratio, and purchasing power per capita. The analysis identifies five agro-ecological clusters, or niches, representing varying degrees of disease persistence. The agro-ecological distances of all study areas to the medoid of the niche with the greatest number of human cases are used to map HPAI H5N1 risk globally. The results indicate that few countries remain where HPAI H5N1 would likely persist should it be introduced. C1 [Hogerwerf, Lenny; Gilbert, Marius] Univ Libre Bruxelles CP160 12, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Hogerwerf, Lenny] Univ Utrecht, Div Epidemiol, Dept Farm Anim Hlth, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bergmann, Luc] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ottaviani, Daniela; Slingenbergh, Jan] Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Prosser, Diann] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wallace, Rob G.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Global Studies, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gilbert, Marius] Fonds Natl Rech Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RP Gilbert, M (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles CP160 12, Av FD Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM mgilbert@ulb.ac.be RI Gilbert, Marius/C-6969-2009; OI Gilbert, Marius/0000-0003-3708-3359; Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799; Hogerwerf, Lenny/0000-0001-6329-7831 FU Food and Agricultural Organization; National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center through the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation [R01TW00786901] FX The Food and Agricultural Organization thanks the studied countries for sharing their information. This study was supported by the Food and Agricultural Organization and National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center Grant R01TW00786901 (through the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program). NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s10393-010-0324-z PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702RL UT WOS:000285911700007 PM 20585972 ER PT J AU Picco, AM Karam, AP Collins, JP AF Picco, Angela M. Karam, Abraham P. Collins, James P. TI Pathogen Host Switching in Commercial Trade with Management Recommendations SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE amphibian; bait; fish; ranavirus; tiger salamander; waterdog ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; WILDLIFE TRADE; IRIDOVIRUSES; FISH; AMPHIBIANS; EMERGENCE; DISEASE AB Global wildlife trade exacerbates the spread of nonindigenous species. Pathogens also move with hosts through trade and often are released into naive populations with unpredictable outcomes. Amphibians are moved commercially for pets, food, bait, and biomedicine, and are an excellent model for studying how wildlife trade relates to pathogen pollution. Ranaviruses are amphibian pathogens associated with annual population die-offs; multiple strains of tiger salamander ranaviruses move through the bait trade in the western United States. Ranaviruses infect amphibians, reptiles, and fish and are of additional concern because they can switch hosts. Tiger salamanders are used as live bait for freshwater fishing and are a potential source for ranaviruses switching hosts from amphibians to fish. We experimentally injected largemouth bass with a bait trade tiger salamander ranavirus. Largemouth bass became infected but exhibited no signs of disease or mortality. Amphibian bait ranaviruses have the potential to switch hosts to infect fish, but fish may act as dead-end hosts or nonsymptomatic carriers, potentially spreading infection as a result of trade. C1 [Picco, Angela M.; Karam, Abraham P.; Collins, James P.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Picco, AM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM Angela_Picco@fws.gov FU NSF [DEB 0213851]; 22 collaborators, an Arizona Game and Fish Heritage Grant; Department of Graduate Studies FX This research was funded by an NSF IRCEB (Integrated Research Challenges in Environmental Biology) grant # DEB 0213851 to JC and 22 collaborators, an Arizona Game and Fish Heritage Grant to JC and AP, and a Department of Graduate Studies Dissertation Fellowship to AP. All work was completed at Arizona State University under IACUC protocol 03-683R. We thank Trent Bollinger for the histological analyses, staff at Bubbling Ponds Fish Hatchery for their field assistance, various people at ASU for assistance with the fish experiment, and James Jancovich and Amy Greer for help with cell culture. We also thank A. Kinzig, T. Dowling, S. Faeth, and L. Gerber, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s10393-010-0310-5 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702RL UT WOS:000285911700012 PM 20411298 ER PT J AU Chapman, CA Struhsaker, TT Skorupa, JP Snaith, TV Rothman, JM AF Chapman, Colin A. Struhsaker, Thomas T. Skorupa, Joseph P. Snaith, Tamaini V. Rothman, Jessica M. TI Understanding long-term primate community dynamics: implications of forest change SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE forest change; group density; Kibale National Park; Uganda; nonequilibrium; population dynamics; primate community; primate diets ID KIBALE-NATIONAL-PARK; MONKEYS CERCOPITHECUS-MITIS; RED COLOBUS MONKEYS; RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL FOREST; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; POPULATION-DENSITY; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; AFRICAN FORESTS; FRUIT ABUNDANCE AB Understanding the causes of population declines often involves comprehending it complex set of interactions linking environmental and biotic changes. which in combination overwhelm it population's ability to persist. To understand these relationships, especially for long-lived large mammals, long-term data are required, but rarely available. Here We Use 2636 years of population and habitat data to determine the potential causes of density changes for five species of primates in Kibale National Park, Uganda. in areas that Were disturbed to varying intensities in the late 1960s. We calculated group density from line transect data and quantified changes in habitat structure (cumulative diameter at breast height [dbh] and food availability [cumulative dbh of food trees]) for each primate species, and for one species, we evaluated change in food nutritional quality. We found that mangabeys and black-and-white colobus group density increased, blue monkeys declined. and redtails and red colobus were stable in all areas. For blue monkeys and mangabeys. there were no significant changes in food availability over time, yet their group density changed. For redtails, neither group density measures nor food availability changed over time. For black-and-white colobus, it decrease in food availability over time in the unlogged forest surprisingly coincided with an increase in group density. Finally, while red colobus food availability and quality increased over time in the heavily logged area, their group density was stable in all areas. We suggest that these populations are in nonequilibrium states. If such states occur frequently, it suggests that large protected areas will be required to protect species so that declines in some areas call be compensated for by increases in adjacent areas with different histories. C1 [Chapman, Colin A.] McGill Univ, McGill Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Chapman, Colin A.; Snaith, Tamaini V.] McGill Univ, Dept Anthropol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Chapman, Colin A.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Struhsaker, Thomas T.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol Anthropol & Anat, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Skorupa, Joseph P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Branch, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Snaith, Tamaini V.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Rothman, Jessica M.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Rothman, Jessica M.] NYCEP, New York, NY USA. RP Chapman, CA (reprint author), McGill Univ, McGill Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. EM colin.chapman@mcgill.ca FU Wildlife Conservations Society; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation; International Society of Primatology; American Society of Primatology; World Wildlife Fund-U.S. [1969]; Wildlife Conservation Society; California Primate Research Center FX Funding for the research in the 1990s and 2000s was provided by Canada Research Chairs Program, Wildlife Conservations Society, Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, National Science Foundation, International Society of Primatology, and American Society of Primatology. Support for the 1980-1981 censuses was provided by World Wildlife Fund-U.S. (project number 1969), Wildlife Conservation Society, and the California Primate Research Center. The research in the 1970s was supported by the Wildlife Conservation Society. Permission to conduct this research was given by the National Council for Science and Technology and the Uganda Wildlife Authority. Tom Gillespie helped to analyze the 1996-1997 census data. Richard Wrangham was a collaborator ill establishing the vegetation transects in 1989. Lauren Chapman. Aerin Jacob, Stacey Hodder, Mike Loves, and Mike Wasserman piovided helpful comments and insights Cor this work. We extend a special thanks to the field assistants of the Kibale Fish and Monkey Project, many of whom participated tit both the 1995 and 2005 censuses, and to Tusiime Lawrence, who established the vegetation plots ill 1989 and helped monitor them in 2006. NR 101 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.1890/09-0128.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100014 PM 20349839 ER PT J AU Travis, SE Grace, JB AF Travis, Steven E. Grace, James B. TI Predicting performance for ecological restoration: a case study using Spartina alternfliora SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE adaptive divergence; common garden; ecological restoration; geographic distance; isolation by distance; performance; population differentiation; Spartina alterniflora; structural equation modeling ID SUBSHRUB LOTUS-SCOPARIUS; PLANT DIODIA-TERES; ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; LOCAL ADAPTATION; GENE FLOW; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; CONCEPTUAL ISSUES; NATURAL-SELECTION; SEED PROVENANCE AB The Success of population-based ecological restoration relics on the growth and reproductive performance of selected donor materials, whether consisting of whole plants or seed. Accurately predicting performance requires all Understanding of a variety Of underlying processes. particularly gene flow and selection, which call be Measured, at least in part, using surrogates such as neutral marker genetic distances and simple latitudinal effects. Here we apply a structural equation modeling approach to understanding and predicting performance in a widespread salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora, commonly used for ecological restoration throughout its native range in North America. We collected source materials From throughout this range, consisting Of eight clones each from 23 populations, for transplantation to a common garden site in coastal Louisiana and monitored their performance. We modeled performance as a latent process described by multiple indicator variables (e.g., clone diameter, stem number) and estimated direct and indirect influences of geographic and genetic distances oil performance. Genetic distances were determined by comparison of neutral molecular markers with those from a local population at the common garden site. Geographic distance metrics included dispersal distance (the minimum distance over water between donor and experimental sites) and latitude. Model results indicate direct effects of genetic distance and latitude on performance variation among the donor site,. Standardized effect strengths indicate that performance was roughly twice as sensitive to variation in genetic distance as to latitudinal variation. Dispersal distance had an indirect influence on performance through effects on genetic distance, indicating a typical pattern of genetic isolation by distance. Latitude also had an indirect effect on genetic distance through its linear relationship with dispersal distance. Three performance indicators had significant loadings on performance alone (mean clone diameter. mean number of stems, mean number of inflorescences), while the performance indicators mean stem height and mean stem width were also influenced by latitude. We Suggest that dispersal distance and latitude Should provide an adequate means of predicting performance in future S. alterniflora restorations and propose a maximum sampling distance of 300 km (holding latitude constant) to avoid the sampling of inappropriate ecotypes. C1 [Travis, Steven E.; Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Travis, SE (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Biol Sci, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM stravis@une.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R82958401-0] FX This work was supported by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) grant to the Louisiana Environmental Research Center at McNeese State University (U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Research and Quality Assurance, Star Program. Science to Achieve Results Program, grant number R82958401-0). The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes Only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 60 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 192 EP 204 DI 10.1890/08-1443.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100015 PM 20349840 ER PT J AU Jorgenson, JC Hoef, JMV Jorgenson, MT AF Jorgenson, Janet C. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Jorgenson, M. T. TI Long-term recovery patterns of arctic tundra after winter seismic exploration SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; Alaska; USA; arctic tundra; induced thawing; long-term damage; permafrost soils; plant community; recovery; seismic exploration; thermokarst; winter train disturbance ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NORTHEASTERN ALASKA; DISTURBANCE; PERMAFROST; RESILIENCE; VEGETATION; USA AB In response to the increasing global demand for energy, on exploration and development are expanding into frontier areas of the Arctic, where slow-growing tundra vegetation and the underlying permafrost Soils are Very sensitive to disturbance. The creation of vehicle trails on the tundra from seismic exploration for on has accelerated in the past decade, and the cumulative impact represents a geographic footprint that covers a greater extent of Alaska's North Slope tundra than all other direct human impacts combined. Seismic exploration for on and gas was conducted on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, USA, in the winters of 1984 and 1985. This study documents recovery Of vegetation and Permafrost soils Over a two-decade period after vehicle traffic on snow-covered tundra. Paired permanent vegetation plots (disturbed VS. reference) were monitored six times from 1984 to 2002. Data were collected on percent vegetative cover by plant species and on soil and ground ice characteristics. We developed Bayesian hierarchical models, with temporally and spatially autocorrelated errors, to analyze the effects of vegetation type and initial disturbance levels on recovery patterns of the different plant growth forms as well as soil thaw depth. Plant community composition was altered on the trails by species-specific responses to initial disturbance and subsequent changes in Substrate. Long-term changes included increased cover of graminoids and decreased cover of evergreen shrubs and mosses. Trails With low levels of initial disturbance usually improved well over time, whereas those with medium to high levels of initial disturbance recovered Slowly. Trails On ice-poor, gravel substrates of riparian areas recovered better than those on ice-rich loamy soils of the uplands, even alter severe initial damage. Recovery to pre-disturbance communities was not possible where trail subsidence occurred due to thawing of ground ice. Previous studies of disturbance from winter seismic vehicles in the Arctic predicted short-term and mostly aesthetic impacts, bill we found that severe impacts to tundra vegetation persisted For two decades after disturbance Under Some conditions. We recommend management approaches that should be used to prevent Persistent tundra damage. C1 [Jorgenson, Janet C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jorgenson, M. T.] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Jorgenson, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 236, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM janet_jorgenson@fws.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Nancy Felix, who established the Study in 1984, and Jerry Stroebele and Glen Elison, who were instrumental ill Securing continuing funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 41 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 205 EP 221 DI 10.1890/08-1856.1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100016 PM 20349841 ER PT J AU Adams, LG Farley, SD Stricker, CA Demma, DJ Roffler, GH Miller, DC Rye, RO AF Adams, Layne G. Farley, Sean D. Stricker, Craig A. Demma, Dominic J. Roffler, Gretchen H. Miller, Dennis C. Rye, Robert O. TI Are inland wolf-ungulate systems influenced by marine subsidies of Pacific salmon? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE allochthonous subsidies; apparent competition; Canis lupus; delta(13)C; delta(15)N; Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA; marine-derived nutrients; Oncorhynchus spp.; Pacific salmon; predator prey relations; ungulates; wolves ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ALASKAN CARIBOU; GRIZZLY BEARS; FOOD WEBS; ECOLOGY; CARBON; MOOSE AB Wolves (Canis lupus) ill North America are considered obligate predators of ungulates With other food resources playing little role in wolf population dynamics or wolf-prey relations. However, spawning Pacific salmon (Oncorhyncus Spp.) are common throughout wolf-range ill northwestern North America and may provide,I marine subsidy affecting inland wolf-ungulate food webs far from the coast. We conducted stable-isotope analyses for nitrogen and carbon to evaluate the contribution of salmon to diets of wolves in Denali National Park and Preserve, 1200 river-km from tidewater in interior Alaska. USA. We analyzed bone Collagen from 73 wolves equipped with radio collars during 1986-2002 and evaluated estimates of salmon in their diets relative to the availability of salmon and ungulates within their home ranges. We Compared wolf densities and ungulate:wolf ratios among regions with differing salmon and ungulate availability to assess subsidizing effects of salmon Oil these wolf-ungulate systems. Wolves in the northwestern flats of the study area had access to spawning Salmon but low ungulate availability and consumed more salmon (17% +/- 7% [mean +/- SD]) than in upland regions, where ungulates were sixfold more abundant and wolves did or did not have Salmon spawning areas within their home ranges (8% +/- 6% and 3% +/- 3%, respectively). Wolves were only 17% less abundant oil the northwestern flats compared to the remainder of the study area, even though ungulate densities were 78% lower. We estimated that biomass from fall runs of chum (O. keia) and coho (O. kisutch) salmon oil the northwestern flats was Comparable to the ungulate biomass there, and the contribution Of Salmon to wolf, diets was Similar to estimates reported for Coastal wolves in southeast Alaska. Given the ubiquitous consumption of salmon by wolves oil the northwestern flats and the abundance of salmon there, We conclude that wolf numbers in this region Were enhanced by the allochthonous subsidy provided by salmon and discuss implications for wolf-ungulate relations. C1 [Adams, Layne G.; Demma, Dominic J.; Roffler, Gretchen H.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Farley, Sean D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.; Rye, Robert O.] US Geol Survey, Stable Isotope Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Miller, Dennis C.] Caribou Air Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Adams, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ladams@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX This study was funded by the National Park Service and U.S. Geological Survey. This project would not have been possible without the efforts of T. J. Meier and J. W. Burch, who meticulously archived bone samples from study wolves that died during 1086-1993, long before we became interested in evaluating salmon consumption by wolves. We thank P. M. Cleary and R. R. Holder for collecting salmon tissue samples. S. M. Arthur graciously supplied the blood and hair samples of Dall's sheep. C. R. Bern, C. L. Kesler, C. Kleckner, and E. Shochat assisted with laboratory analyses. J. L. Belant. M. Ben-David, B. W. Dale, J. A. Estes, S. M. Gende, L. D. Mech. T J. Meier, and J. W. Testa provided useful comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. NR 73 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 68 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1890/08-1437.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100020 PM 20349845 ER PT J AU Bennett, SN Olson, JR Kershner, JL Corbett, P AF Bennett, Stephen N. Olson, John R. Kershner, Jeffrey L. Corbett, Peter TI Propagule pressure and stream characteristics influence introgression: cutthroat and rainbow trout in British Columbia SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hybridization; introduced species; introgression; Kootenay River, Canada; Oncorhynchus clarki ssp.; Oncorhynchus mykiss; propagule pressure; rainbow trout; westslope cutthroat trout ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HIGH-MOUNTAIN LAKES; RIVER DRAINAGE; GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; INVASION ECOLOGY; FISH POPULATIONS; NATIONAL-PARK; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT AB Hybridization and introgression between introduced and native salmonids threaten the continued persistence of many inland cutthroat trout species. Environmental models have been developed to predict the spread of introgression, but few Studies have assessed the role of propagule pressure. We used an extensive set of fish stocking records and geographic information system (GIS) data to produce a spatially explicit index of potential propagule pressure exerted by introduced rainbow trout in the Upper Kootenay River, British Columbia, Canada. We then used logistic regression and the information-theoretic approach to test the ability of a set of environmental and spatial variables to predict the level of introgression between native westslope cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout. Introgression was assessed using between four and seven co-dominant, diagnostic nuclear markers at 45 sites in 31 different streams. The best model for predicting introgression included Our GIs propagule pressure index and an environmental Variable that accounted for the biogeoclimatic zone of the site (r(2) =0.62). This model,vas 1.4 times more likely to explain introgression than the next-best model, which consisted Of Only the propagule pressure index variable. We created a composite model based oil the model-averaged results of the seven top models that included environmental, spatial, and propagule pressure variables. The propagule pressure index had the highest importance weight (0.995) of all variables tested and was negatively related to sites with no introgression. This Study used an index Of propagule pressure and demonstrated that propagule Pressure had the greatest influence oil the level of introgression between a native and introduced trout in a human-induced hybrid zone. C1 [Bennett, Stephen N.; Olson, John R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Corbett, Peter] Mirkwood Ecol Consultants, Winlaw, BC V0G 2J0, Canada. RP Bennett, SN (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Bennett.ecological@gmail.com RI Olson, John/B-3710-2009 OI Olson, John/0000-0003-2928-7669 FU Global Forest Science [GF-18-2002-136]; USDA Forest Service, Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit in Logan, Utah., USA FX Funding for this project was is provided by Global Forest Science (GF-18-2002-136) and the USDA Forest Service, Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit in Logan, Utah., USA. NR 97 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1890/08-0441.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100021 PM 20349846 ER PT J AU Cross, PC Cole, EK Dobson, AP Edwards, WH Hamlin, KL Luikart, G Middleton, AD Scurlock, BM White, PJ AF Cross, P. C. Cole, E. K. Dobson, A. P. Edwards, W. H. Hamlin, K. L. Luikart, G. Middleton, A. D. Scurlock, B. M. White, P. J. TI Probable causes of increasing brucellosis in free-ranging elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Brucella abortus; brucellosis; Cervus elaphus; disease reservoir; free-ranging elk; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; host density; wildlife disease ID YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA O-9; NATIONAL-PARK; TEMPORAL VARIATION; WILDLIFE DISEASE; WOLF RESTORATION; TRANSMISSION; MANAGEMENT; ABORTUS; BISON; RISK AB While many wildlife species Lire threatened, sonic populations have recovered from previous overexploitation, and data linking these Population increases with disease dynamics are limited. We present data suggesting that free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) are a maintenance host for Brucella abortus in new areas of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Brucellosis seroprevalence in free-ranging elk increased from 0-7% in 1991-1992 to 8-20% in 2006-2007 in four of six herd units around the GYE. These levels of brucellosis Lire comparable to sonic herd units where elk are artificially aggregated on supplemental feeding ground,,. There are several possible mechanisms for this increase that we evaluated using statistical and population modeling approaches. Simulations of an age-structured Population model suggest that the observed levels of seroprevalence are unlikely to be sustained by dispersal from supplemental feeding areas with relatively high seroprevalence or an older age structure. Increases in brucellosis seroprevalence and the total elk population size in areas with feeding,rounds have not been statistically detectable. Meanwhile, the rate of seroprevalence Increase Outside the feeding grounds was-related to the population size and density of each herd unit. Therefore. the data suggest that enhanced elk-to-elk transmission in free-ranging populations may be Occurring due to larger winter elk aggregations. Elk populations inside and Outside of the GYE that traditionally did not maintain brucellosis may now be at risk due to recent population increases. In particular. sonic neighboring Populations of Montana elk were 5-9 times larger in 2007 than in the 1970s, with sonic aggregations comparable to the Wyoming feeding-ground Populations. Addressing the unintended consequences of these increasing populations is complicated by limited hunter access to private lands, which places many ungulate populations Out Of administrative control. Agency-landowner hunting, access partnerships and the protection of large predators Lire two management strategies that may be used to target high ungulate densities in private refuges and reduce the current and future burden of disease. C1 [Cross, P. C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cole, E. K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Dobson, A. P.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Edwards, W. H.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Hamlin, K. L.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Luikart, G.] Univ Portugal, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Vairao, Portugal. [Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Middleton, A. D.] Univ Wyoming, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Middleton, A. D.] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Scurlock, B. M.] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Pinedale, WY 82941 USA. [White, P. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Cross, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 229 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM pcross@usgs.gov RI Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 FU WGFD; USGS; USFWS FX WGFD, USGS, and USFWS provided funding for the Study. NR 54 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1890/08-2062.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100022 PM 20349847 ER PT J AU Adams, MJ Chelgren, ND Reinitz, D Cole, RA Rachowicz, LJ Galvan, S McCreary, B Pearl, CA Bailey, LL Bettaso, J Bull, EL Leu, M AF Adams, Michael J. Chelgren, Nathan D. Reinitz, David Cole, Rebecca A. Rachowicz, Lara J. Galvan, Stephanie McCreary, Brome Pearl, Christopher A. Bailey, Larissa L. Bettaso, Jamie Bull, Evelyn L. Leu, Matthias TI Using occupancy models to understand the distribution of an amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE amphibian declines; Batrachocytrium dendrobatidis; California, USA; disease; occupancy models; Oregon, USA; Rana spp. ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; TIME TAQMAN PCR; DETECTING CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; PEPTIDE DEFENSES; WILD FROGS; PREVALENCE; POPULATIONS; AUSTRALIA; MORTALITY AB Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a fungal pathogen that is receiving attention around the world for its role in amphibian declines. Study Of its occurrence patterns is hampered by false negatives: the failure to detect the pathogen when it is present. Occupancy Models are a useful but currently underutilized tool for analyzing detection data when the probability of detecting I species is <1. We use occupancy Models to evaluate hypotheses concerning the occurrence and prevalence of B. dendrobatidis and discuss how thiS application differs from a conventional Occupancy approach. We found that the probability of detecting the pathogen, conditional oil presence of the pathogen in the anuran population, was related to amphibian development stage, day of the year, elevation. and human activities. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was found throughout our Study area but was only estimated to Occur in 53.4% of 78 populations of native amphibians and 66.4% of 40 populations Of normative Rana catesbeiana tested. We found little evidence to Support ally spatial hypotheses concerning the probability that the pathogen Occurs in a population, but did find evidence of Some taxonomic variation. We discuss the interpretation Of occupancy model parameters, when, Unlike a conventional occupancy application, the number of potential samples or observations is finite. C1 [Adams, Michael J.; Chelgren, Nathan D.; Galvan, Stephanie; McCreary, Brome; Pearl, Christopher A.; Leu, Matthias] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reinitz, David; Cole, Rebecca A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Dis Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Rachowicz, Lara J.] Natl Pk Serv, Golden Gate Natl Recreat Area, San Francisco, CA 94123 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Bettaso, Jamie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Field Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Bull, Evelyn L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Adams, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mjadams@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Use of trade names is for informational purposes only and does not constitute endorsement. NR 57 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.1890/08-2319.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566GM UT WOS:000275358100023 PM 20349848 ER PT J AU Munson, SM Benton, TJ Lauenroth, WK Burke, IC AF Munson, Seth M. Benton, Tyler J. Lauenroth, William K. Burke, Ingrid C. TI Soil carbon flux following pulse precipitation events in the shortgrass steppe SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Semiarid and arid ecosystems; Water pulses; Soil respiration; Land-use change; Cultivation; Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Soil moisture; Soil temperature ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; ORGANIC-MATTER RECOVERY; DECOMPOSITION; REGIONS; DESERT; GRASSLANDS; CALIFORNIA; ECOSYSTEM; DIOXIDE; BIOMASS AB Pulses of water availability characterize semiarid and arid ecosystems. Most precipitation events in these ecosystems are small (a parts per thousand currency sign10 mm), but can stimulate carbon flux. The large proportion of carbon stored belowground and small carbon inputs create the potential for these small precipitation events to have large effects on carbon cycling. Land-use change can modify these effects through alteration of the biota and soil resources. The goal of our research was to determine how small precipitation events (2, 5, and 10 mm) affected the dynamics of soil carbon flux and water loss in previously cultivated Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields and undisturbed shortgrass steppe. Total carbon loss and duration of elevated carbon flux increased as event size increased in all field types. Time since cultivation increased in importance for carbon flux as event size increased. A comparison of water loss rates to carbon flux suggests that water is limiting to carbon flux for the smallest events, but is less limiting for events above 5 mm. We also describe how water availability interacts with temperature in controlling carbon flux rate. We conclude that small precipitation events have the potential for large short-term losses of carbon in the shortgrass steppe. C1 [Munson, Seth M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Munson, Seth M.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Benton, Tyler J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Benton, Tyler J.] Colorado State Univ, SGS LTER Res Experience Undergraduates, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lauenroth, William K.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Burke, Ingrid C.] Univ Wyoming, Haub Sch, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Burke, Ingrid C.] Univ Wyoming, Ruckelshaus Inst Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Munson, SM (reprint author), USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM smunson@usgs.gov RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 FU National Science Foundation [0217631] FX The Shortgrass Steppe LTER project and a Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) supplement (National Science Foundation Grant No. 0217631) supported this work. We would like to extend our gratitude to all Weld County, Colorado, CRP landowners who generously allowed us to sample in their fields. We also wish to thank Alan Knapp for allowing us to use his LI-COR, Jana Heisler-White and Joe von Fischer for helpful suggestions on sampling approaches, the SGS-LTER staff for their support, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions in revising this paper. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s11284-009-0651-0 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 545OY UT WOS:000273745200020 ER PT J AU Levine, JM McEachern, AK Cowan, C AF Levine, Jonathan M. McEachern, A. Kathryn Cowan, Clark TI Do competitors modulate rare plant response to precipitation change? SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annual plant population; Bromus diandrus; California Channel Islands; climate change; competition; Gilia tenuiflora ssp.; hoffmannii; Lasthenia californica; Malacothrix; indecora; Phacelia insularis var. insularis; precipitation ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; GRASSLAND RESPONSES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CALIFORNIA; RAINFALL; FUTURE; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION AB Ecologists increasingly suspect that climate change will directly impact species physiology. demography, and phenology, but also indirectly affect these measures Via changes to the Surrounding community. Unfortunately, few studies examine both the direct and indirect pathways of impact. Doing so is important because altered competitive pressures can reduce or magnify the direct responses of a focal species to climate change. Here. we examine the effects of changing rainfall on three rare annual plant species in the presence and absence of competition on the California Channel Islands. We used rain-out shelters and hand watering to exclude and augment early, late, and season-long rainfall, spanning the wide range of precipitation change forecast for the region. In the absence of competition, droughts reduced the population growth rates of two of three Cocal annuals, while increased rainfall was only sometimes beneficial. As compared to the focal species, the dominant competitors were more sensitive to the precipitation treatments, benefiting from increased season-long precipitation and harmed by droughts. Importantly, the response of two of three competitors to the precipitation treatments tended to be positively correlated with those of the focal annuals. Although this leads to the expectation that increased competition will counter the direct benefits of favorable conditions, such indirect effects of precipitation change proved weak to nonexistent in our experiment. Competitors had little influence on the precipitation response of two focal species, due to their low sensitivity to competition and highly variable precipitation responses. Competition did affect low our third focal species responded to precipitation change, but this effect only approached significance, and whether it truly resulted from competitor response to precipitation change was unclear. Our work suggests that even, when competitors respond to climate change, these responses may have little effect on the focal species. Ultimately, the strength of the indirect effect depends on how strongly climate change alters competition. and how sensitive focal species are to changes in competition. C1 [Levine, Jonathan M.; Cowan, Clark] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McEachern, A. Kathryn] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Isl Field Stn, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. RP Levine, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM levine@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Levine, Jonathan/A-7167-2014 FU National Science Foundation [0351608] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant 0351608. We are indebted to Channel Islands National Park for making our work on Santa Rosa Island possible, and to M. Senning E. Smith, and D. Burgess for logistical support. P. Adler. R. Harris. J. HilleRisLambers. E. Mordecai, D. Viola, L Yang, S. Yelenik, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Our work was conducted under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recovery Research Permit #TE-044840. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 51 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 130 EP 140 DI 10.1890/08-2039.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 567PG UT WOS:000275458500017 PM 20380203 ER PT J AU Black, BA Dunham, JB Blundon, BW Raggon, MF Zima, D AF Black, Bryan A. Dunham, Jason B. Blundon, Brett W. Raggon, Mark F. Zima, Daniela TI Spatial variability in growth-increment chronologies of long-lived freshwater mussels: Implications for climate impacts and reconstructions SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate reconstruction; dendrochronology; freshwater mussels; sclerochronology ID PEARL MUSSEL; PACIFIC; TREE; SHELLS; SCLEROCHRONOLOGY; BIVALVE; RIVER; TIME AB Estimates of historical variability in river ecosystems are often lacking, but long-lived freshwater mussels could provide unique opportunities to understand past conditions in these environments. We applied dendrochronology techniques to quantify historical variability in growth-increment widths in valves (shells) of western pearlshell freshwater mussels (Margaritifera falcata). A total of 3 growth-increment chronologies, spanning 19 to 26 y in length, were developed. Growth was highly synchronous among individuals within each site, and to a lesser extent, chronologies were synchronous among sites. All 3 chronologies negatively related to instrumental records of stream discharge, while correlations with measures of water temperature were consistently positive but weaker. A reconstruction of stream discharge was performed using linear regressions based on a mussel growth chronology and the regional Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Models based on mussel growth and PDSI yielded similar coefficients of prediction (R(Pred)(2)) of 0.73 and 0.77, respectively, for predicting out-of-sample observations. From an ecological perspective, we found that mussel chronologies provided a rich source of information for understanding climate impacts. Responses of mussels to changes in climate and stream ecosystems can be very site-and process-specific, underscoring the complex nature of biotic responses to climate change and the need to understand both regional and local processes in projecting climate impacts on freshwater species. C1 [Black, Bryan A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.; Blundon, Brett W.; Raggon, Mark F.; Zima, Daniela] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Blundon, Brett W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bryan.black@oregonstate.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009 FU US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; USGS FX This research was supported by the US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, a grant to B. Black and J. Dunham from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, and the USGS Human Resources Initiative fund. Thanks to W. Haag and C. Tait for providing helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, P. Haggerty for help with creating Figure 1, and M. Jones and D. Gray for sharing their long-term temperature data from Steamboat and Canton Creeks. Use of trade or firm names in this paper is for reader information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 25 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON CHARLES-EUGENE MARCHAND, LOCAL 0166, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3 BP 240 EP 250 DI 10.2980/17-3-3353 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662RA UT WOS:000282827800002 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Cahoon, DR Allen, JA Ewel, KC Lynch, JC Cormier, N AF Krauss, Ken W. Cahoon, Donald R. Allen, James A. Ewel, Katherine C. Lynch, James C. Cormier, Nicole TI Surface Elevation Change and Susceptibility of Different Mangrove Zones to Sea-Level Rise on Pacific High Islands of Micronesia SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; hydrogeomorphic zone; sea-level rise; subsidence; surface-elevation table; vertical accretion; wetlands; Federated States of Micronesia ID HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION; SEDIMENT ELEVATION; SOIL ELEVATION; SALT MARSHES; FORESTS; VEGETATION; ACCRETION; WETLAND; BAY; VULNERABILITY AB Mangroves on Pacific high islands offer a number of important ecosystem services to both natural ecological communities and human societies. High islands are subjected to constant erosion over geologic time, which establishes an important source of terrigeneous sediment for nearby marine communities. Many of these sediments are deposited in mangrove forests and offer mangroves a potentially important means for adjusting surface elevation with rising sea level. In this study, we investigated sedimentation and elevation dynamics of mangrove forests in three hydrogeomorphic settings on the islands of Kosrae and Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Surface accretion rates ranged from 2.9 to 20.8 mm y(-1), and are high for naturally occurring mangroves. Although mangrove forests in Micronesian high islands appear to have a strong capacity to offset elevation losses by way of sedimentation, elevation change over 6 years ranged from -3.2 to 4.1 mm y(-1), depending on the location. Mangrove surface elevation change also varied by hydrogeomorphic setting and river, and suggested differential, and not uniformly bleak, susceptibilities among Pacific high island mangroves to sea-level rise. Fringe, riverine, and interior settings registered elevation changes of -1.30, 0.46, and 1.56 mm y-1, respectively, with the greatest elevation deficit (-3.2 mm y(-1)) from a fringe zone on Pohnpei and the highest rate of elevation gain (4.1 mm y(-1)) from an interior zone on Kosrae. Relative to sea-level rise estimates for FSM (0.8-1.8 mm y(-1)) and assuming a consistent linear trend in these estimates, soil elevations in mangroves on Kosrae and Pohnpei are experiencing between an annual deficit of 4.95 mm and an annual surplus of 3.28 mm. Although natural disturbances are important in mediating elevation gain in some situations, constant allochthonous sediment deposition probably matters most on these Pacific high islands, and is especially helpful in certain hydrogeomorphic zones. Fringe mangrove forests are most susceptible to sea-level rise, such that protection of these outer zones from anthropogenic disturbances ( for example, harvesting) may slow the rate at which these zones convert to open water. C1 [Krauss, Ken W.; Allen, James A.; Ewel, Katherine C.; Cormier, Nicole] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Cahoon, Donald R.; Lynch, James C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Krauss, Ken W.; Cormier, Nicole] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Allen, James A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Ewel, Katherine C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM kkrauss@usgs.gov RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 60 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 129 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9307-8 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563XT UT WOS:000275172700010 ER PT J AU Yates, MA Fuller, MR Henny, CJ Seegar, WS Garcia, J AF Yates, Michael A. Fuller, Mark R. Henny, Charles J. Seegar, William S. Garcia, Jaqueline TI Wintering area DDE source to migratory white-faced ibis revealed by satellite telemetry and prey sampling SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DDE; White-faced ibis; Earthworms; North America; Migration; Satellite telemetry ID ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; AMERICAN ROBINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; CARSON LAKE; BALD EAGLES; SALTON-SEA; PERSISTENCE AB Locations of contaminant exposure for nesting migratory species are difficult to fully understand because of possible additional sources encountered during migration or on the wintering grounds. A portion of the migratory white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) nesting at Carson Lake, Nevada continues to be exposed to dichloro-diphenyldichloro-ethylene (DDE) with no change, which is unusual, observed in egg concentrations between 1985 and 2000. About 45-63% of the earliest nesting segment shows reduced reproductive success correlated with elevated egg concentrations of > 4 mu g/g wet weight (ww). Local prey (primarily earthworms) near nests contained little DDE so we tracked the migration and wintering movements of 20 adult males during 2000-2004 to determine the possible source. At various wintering sites, we found a correlation (r (2) = 0.518, P = 0.0125, N = 11) between DDE in earthworm composites and DDE in blood plasma of white-faced ibis wintering there, although the plasma was collected on their breeding grounds soon after arrival. The main source of DDE was wintering areas in the Mexicali Valley of Baja California Norte, Mexico, and probably the adjacent Imperial Valley, California, USA. This unusual continuing DDE problem for white-faced ibis is associated with: the long-term persistence in soil of DDE; the earthworms' ability to bioconcentrate DDE from soil; the proclivity of white-faced ibis to feed on earthworms in agricultural fields; the species's extreme sensitivity to DDE in their eggs; and perhaps its life history strategy of being a "capital breeder". We suggest surveying and sampling white-faced ibis eggs at nesting colonies, especially at Carson Lake, to monitor the continuing influence of DDE. C1 [Yates, Michael A.] Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Minden, NV 89423 USA. [Fuller, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Henny, Charles J.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Seegar, William S.] Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Dept Army, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Garcia, Jaqueline] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo AC, Guaymas 85480, Sonora, Mexico. RP Yates, MA (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, 2656 Wade St, Minden, NV 89423 USA. EM MYfalcon@charter.net FU Department of Defense's Legacy Resource Management Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX Primary funding was provided by the Department of Defense's Legacy Resource Management Program. Linda Schueck and Branden Johnson of the USGS and Jim Dayton, Blake Henke, and Jack Cibor of Earthspan provided invaluable assistance in many ways. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) provided funding for some chemical analyses. The Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS), and the Nevada Department of Wildlife provided considerable resources, time and capture expertise. We wish especially to recognize Bill Henry of the former, and Larry Neel, Gary Herron, Pete Bradley, and Jenni Jeffers of the latter. Eduardo Santana and Rodrigo Esparza assisted with the critical task of collecting invertebrates and recording other avian species associated with the ibis in Mexico. Mary Gustafson of the Bird Banding Laboratory (USGS) graciously accommodated our request for the PTT/body weight ratio under our auxiliary marking permit. Capture and processing expertise was also generously provided by Ali Chaney and Jennifer Newmark of the Nevada Natural Heritage Program, and by Bob Goodman and Brian McDonald. Eric Kelchlin kindly shared his expertise on the species during the planning stage. We thank Susan Earnst, Miguel Mora, and two reviewers for useful suggestions to improve our manuscript. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0400-8 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 536GE UT WOS:000273032100015 PM 19697124 ER PT J AU Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK AF Sparling, Donald W. Linder, Greg Bishop, Christine A. Krest, Sherry K. BE Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK TI Recent Advancements in Amphibian and Reptile Ecotoxicology SO ECOTOXICOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POPULATION DECLINES; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; ADJACENT FOREST; CLIMATE; ALLIGATORS; CONTAMINANTS; ENERGY; PONDS C1 [Sparling, Donald W.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Columbia, MO USA. [Bishop, Christine A.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Delta, BC, Canada. [Krest, Sherry K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6417-9 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1201/EBK1420064162-c1 D2 10.1201/EBK1420064162 PG 11 WC Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BTP33 UT WOS:000287695500003 ER PT J AU Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK AF Sparling, Donald W. Linder, Greg Bishop, Christine A. Krest, Sherry K. BE Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK TI Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles Second Edition Preface SO ECOTOXICOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sparling, Donald W.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Columbia, MO USA. [Bishop, Christine A.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Delta, BC, Canada. [Krest, Sherry K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6417-9 PY 2010 BP XXIII EP XXIV D2 10.1201/EBK1420064162 PG 2 WC Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BTP33 UT WOS:000287695500001 ER PT J AU Sparling, D Linder, G Bishop, C AF Sparling, D. Linder, G. Bishop, C. BE Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK TI Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles Preface SO ECOTOXICOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sparling, D.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Bishop, C.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Delta, BC, Canada. [Linder, G.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Columbia, MO USA. RP Sparling, D (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6417-9 PY 2010 BP XXV EP XXV D2 10.1201/EBK1420064162 PG 1 WC Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BTP33 UT WOS:000287695500002 ER PT J AU Linder, G Lehman, CM Bidwell, JR AF Linder, Greg Lehman, Christine M. Bidwell, Joseph R. BE Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK TI Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles in a Nutshell SO ECOTOXICOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALLIGATORS ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA-SERPENTINA; TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; RANA-SPHENOCEPHALA LARVAE; DIETARY MERCURY EXPOSURE; MORELETS CROCODILE EGGS; SNAKES NERODIA-SIPEDON; FOOD-CHAIN ANALYSIS C1 [Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Columbia, MO USA. [Bidwell, Joseph R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwell, OK USA. [Lehman, Christine M.] ABC Labs Inc, Columbia, MO USA. RP Linder, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Columbia, MO USA. NR 251 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6417-9 PY 2010 BP 69 EP 103 D2 10.1201/EBK1420064162 PG 35 WC Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BTP33 UT WOS:000287695500006 ER PT J AU Linder, G Palmer, BD Little, EE Rowe, CL Henry, PFP AF Linder, Greg Palmer, Brent D. Little, Edward E. Rowe, Christopher L. Henry, Paula F. P. BE Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK TI Physiological Ecology of Amphibians and Reptiles Natural History and Life History Attributes Framing Chemical Exposure in the Field SO ECOTOXICOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEPENDENT SEX DETERMINATION; SALAMANDERS AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; MONO-OXYGENASE SYSTEMS; FROG RANA-SYLVATICA; LEAD INHIBITS ACQUISITION; LIZARD SCELOPORUS-JARROVI; BUFO-WOODHOUSII-FOWLERI; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; GALAPAGOS MARINE IGUANA; TURTLE CORPUS-LUTEUM C1 [Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Columbia, MO USA. [Henry, Paula F. P.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Palmer, Brent D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY USA. [Rowe, Christopher L.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Linder, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Columbia, MO USA. NR 471 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6417-9 PY 2010 BP 105 EP 166 DI 10.1201/EBK1420064162-c5 D2 10.1201/EBK1420064162 PG 62 WC Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BTP33 UT WOS:000287695500007 ER PT J AU Little, EE Calfee, RD AF Little, Edward E. Calfee, Robin D. BE Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK TI Solar UV Radiation and Amphibians Factors Mitigating Injury SO ECOTOXICOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; POPULATION DECLINES; UROCANIC ACID; HYLA-REGILLA; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; PHOTOLYASE ACTIVITY; IMMUNE SUPPRESSION; RANA-CATESBEIANA; COMMON FROG; EMBRYOS C1 [Little, Edward E.; Calfee, Robin D.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. NR 121 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6417-9 PY 2010 BP 449 EP 473 DI 10.1201/EBK1420064162-c13 D2 10.1201/EBK1420064162 PG 25 WC Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BTP33 UT WOS:000287695500015 ER PT J AU Johnson, PTJ Reeves, MK Krest, SK Pinkney, AE AF Johnson, Pieter T. J. Reeves, Mari K. Krest, Sherry K. Pinkney, Alfred E. BE Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK TI A Decade of Deformities Advances in Our Understanding of Amphibian Malformations and Their Implications SO ECOTOXICOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; FROG RANA-PIPIENS; LIMB MALFORMATIONS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES; TREMATODE INFECTION; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; RETINOIC ACID; HUMAN HEALTH; UV-B C1 [Johnson, Pieter T. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Krest, Sherry K.; Pinkney, Alfred E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. [Reeves, Mari K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fisheries & Ecol Serv Off, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Johnson, PTJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 175 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6417-9 PY 2010 BP 511 EP 536 DI 10.1201/EBK1420064162-c16 D2 10.1201/EBK1420064162 PG 26 WC Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BTP33 UT WOS:000287695500018 ER PT J AU Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK Sparling, D AF Linder, Greg Bishop, Christine A. Krest, Sherry K. Sparling, Donald BE Sparling, DW Linder, G Bishop, CA Krest, SK TI Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles - Where Should We Be Going and How Do We Get There? SO ECOTOXICOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID SPECIES-SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT C1 [Linder, Greg] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Bishop, Christine A.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Delta, BC, Canada. [Krest, Sherry K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. [Sparling, Donald] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Linder, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6417-9 PY 2010 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1201/EBK1420064162-c18 D2 10.1201/EBK1420064162 PG 5 WC Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BTP33 UT WOS:000287695500020 ER PT J AU Jennings, CA Dilts, EW Shelton, JL Peterson, RC AF Jennings, Cecil A. Dilts, Erik W. Shelton, James L., Jr. Peterson, Rebecca Cull TI Fine sediment affects on survival to emergence of robust redhorse SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Oconee River; Catostomidae; Sediment pollution; Survival-to-emergence; Spawning success; Warmwater river ID SPAWNING HABITAT; COHO SALMON; STREAM; GRAVEL; RIVER; REDDS; MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; GEORGIA; FISHES AB Robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) is a rare riverine sucker for which life history information is scarce. Spawning occurs over loose gravel substrate and eggs and larvae may be adversely affected by fine sediments among the gravel. A 2-year study was conducted to determine the threshold at which fine sediments are detrimental to successful egg incubation and larval emergence. Year 1 gravel treatments contained 0, 25, 50, and 75% fine sediments. Mean survival during Year 1 ranged from 63.5% in the 0% fine sediment treatment to 0% in the 75% fine sediment treatment. The results also indicated an adverse affect threshold between 0 and 25% fine sediment. Year 2 gravel treatments contained 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% fine sediments. Mean survival during Year 2 ranged from 69.8% in the 0% treatment to 9.1% in the 25% treatment. Year 2 results also identified the 15% fine sediment treatment as the threshold at which survival began to decline. Substrates at one known spawning area used by robust redhorse typically contain 25 to 50% fine sediment, but the spawning act cleans some fines from the egg pocket. Whether the "cleaning" that results from the spawning act reduces the fines sufficiently to avoid adverse effects is unknown. According to our results, survival rates of robust redhorse eggs and larvae are predicted to be about 8.0% or less when fine sediment is > 25%. C1 [Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM Jennings@warnell.uga.edu FU Georgia Power Company; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Georgia FX This research was funded by Georgia Power Company. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is sponsored by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, the Wildlife Management Institute, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Georgia. We thank Don Dennerline, Brent Hess and Matt Lichtenwalner for technical assistance. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9561-9 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 536GG UT WOS:000273032300008 ER PT S AU Michel, RL Kraemer, T Cecil, LD AF Michel, Robert L. Kraemer, Thomas Cecil, L. DeWayne BE Froehlich, K TI SURFACE WATER, UNSATURATED ZONE, AND GLACIAL SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL RADIONUCLIDES: TRACERS AND TIMERS OF TERRESTRIAL PROCESSES SE Radioactivity in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FERTILIZER-DERIVED URANIUM; ENVIRONMENTAL TRITIUM; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; ICE CORES; STREAMFLOW GENERATION; DEPLETED URANIUM; PERCOLATION FLUX; STABLE ISOTOPES C1 [Michel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Kraemer, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Cecil, L. DeWayne] US Geol Survey, INL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Michel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 434, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 132 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4860 BN 978-0-08-091329-2 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2010 VL 16 BP 139 EP 181 PG 43 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEH06 UT WOS:000316550300006 ER PT S AU Michel, RL Kraemer, T Cecil, LD AF Michel, Robert L. Kraemer, Thomas Cecil, L. DeWayne BE Froehlich, K TI RADIONUCLIDES AND TRANSIENT GAS TRACERS IN STUDIES OF LAKES AND INLAND SEAS SO ENVIRONMENTAL RADIONUCLIDES: TRACERS AND TIMERS OF TERRESTRIAL PROCESSES SE Radioactivity in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEEP-WATER RENEWAL; DEAD-SEA; BLACK-SEA; CASPIAN SEA; NEW-YORK; ISOTOPIC ANALYSES; RADIUM ISOTOPES; RESIDENCE TIMES; SURFACE WATERS; WILKES-LAND C1 [Michel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Kraemer, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Cecil, L. DeWayne] US Geol Survey, INL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Michel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 434, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4860 BN 978-0-08-091329-2 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2010 VL 16 BP 182 EP 204 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEH06 UT WOS:000316550300007 ER PT J AU Borch, T Campbell, K Kretzschmar, R Voegelin, A Ginder-Vogel, M Totsche, KU Barth, JAC AF Borch, Thomas Campbell, Kate Kretzschmar, Ruben Voegelin, Andreas Ginder-Vogel, Matthew Totsche, Kai Uwe Barth, Johannes A. C. TI How electron flow controls contaminant dynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Campbell, Kate] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. [Voegelin, Andreas] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Ginder-Vogel, Matthew] Univ Delaware, Delaware Environm Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Totsche, Kai Uwe] Univ Jena, Inst Geosci, D-6900 Jena, Germany. [Barth, Johannes A. C.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. [Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Borch, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM borch@colostate.edu RI Borch, Thomas/A-2288-2008; Kretzschmar, Ruben/B-4579-2016; Totsche, Kai/E-2086-2013; Barth, Johannes/C-6723-2013 OI Borch, Thomas/0000-0002-4251-1613; Kretzschmar, Ruben/0000-0003-2587-2430; Totsche, Kai/0000-0002-2692-213X; Barth, Johannes/0000-0002-3494-4507 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1021/es903264z PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000002 PM 20039727 ER PT J AU Borch, T Kretzschmar, R Kappler, A Van Cappellen, P Ginder-Vogel, M Voegelin, A Campbell, K AF Borch, Thomas Kretzschmar, Ruben Kappler, Andreas Van Cappellen, Philippe Ginder-Vogel, Matthew Voegelin, Andreas Campbell, Kate TI Biogeochemical Redox Processes and their Impact on Contaminant Dynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; METAL-REDUCING BACTERIA; MANGANESE OXIDE; TRACE-METALS; GREEN RUST; REDUCTIVE TRANSFORMATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; CATALYZED OXIDATION; ABIOTIC REDUCTION; ARSENIC RETENTION AB Life and element cycling on Earth is directly related to electron transfer (or redox) reactions. An understanding of biogeochemical redox processes is crucial for predicting and-, protecting environmental health and can provide new opportunities for engineered remediation strategies. Energy can be released and stored by means of redox reactions via the oxidation of labile organic carbon or inorganic compounds (electron donors) by microorganisms coupled to the reduction of electron acceptors including humic substances, iron-bearing minerals, transition metals, metalloids, and actinides. Environmental redox processes play key roles in the formation and dissolution of mineral phases. Redox cycling of naturally occurring trace elements and their host minerals often controls the release or sequestration of inorganic contaminants. Redox processes control the chemical speciation, bioavailability, toxicity, and mobility of many major and trace elements including Fe, Mn, C, P, N, S, Cr, Cu, Co, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Tc, and U. Redox-active humic substances and mineral surfaces can catalyzethe redox transformation and degradation of organic contaminants. In this review article, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of biogeochemical redox processes and their impact on contaminant fate and transport, including future research needs. C1 [Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kretzschmar, Ruben; Voegelin, Andreas] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Kappler, Andreas] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Van Cappellen, Philippe] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ginder-Vogel, Matthew] Univ Delaware, Delaware Environm Inst, Newark, DE USA. [Voegelin, Andreas] Eawag, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Campbell, Kate] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Borch, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM borch@colostate.edu RI Van Cappellen, Philippe/A-2906-2013; Voegelin, Andreas/B-4018-2009; Borch, Thomas/A-2288-2008; Kretzschmar, Ruben/B-4579-2016; Kappler, Andreas/G-7221-2016 OI Van Cappellen, Philippe/0000-0001-5476-0820; Voegelin, Andreas/0000-0003-2873-8966; Borch, Thomas/0000-0002-4251-1613; Kretzschmar, Ruben/0000-0003-2587-2430; NR 113 TC 300 Z9 326 U1 70 U2 556 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1021/es9026248 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000009 PM 20000681 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Gray, BR AF Custer, Thomas W. Custer, Christine M. Gray, Brian R. TI POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, DIOXINS, FURANS, AND ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN BELTED KINGFISHER EGGS FROM THE UPPER HUDSON RIVER BASIN, NEW YORK, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Belted kingfisher; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Dioxins; Hudson River ID SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; TREE SWALLOWS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AMERICAN KESTRELS; HOUSATONIC RIVER; CERYLE-ALCYON; GREEN BAY; PCBS; CONTAMINANTS; RESIDUES AB Nesting belted kingfishers (hereafter kingfishers, Ceryle alcyon) were studied on the Hudson River near Fort Edward south to New Baltimore (NY, USA) and three nearby river drainages in 2004. Concentrations of 28 organochlorine pesticides, 160 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and 17 dioxin and furan (PCDD-F) congeners were quantified in kingfisher eggs. The pattern of organochlorine pesticides and PCDD-F congeners did not differ significantly between 14 eggs collected from individual nests on the Hudson River and five eggs similarly collected on three other nearby rivers. In contrast, the pattern of PCB congeners in eggs collected on the Hudson River differed significantly from the other rivers. The differences in patterns of PCB congeners were associated with a higher representation of lower-numbered congeners on the Hudson River than the other rivers. The higher prevalence of the lower-numbered congeners and lower prevalence of the higher-numbered congeners is consistent with Aroclor 1016 and 1242 being the source of the PCBs on the Hudson River. Concentrations in a sample egg collected at each nest were compared to nest survival and egg success (the proportion of eggs hatching in a clutch if at least one egg hatched) of the remaining eggs in the clutch. Models that predicted nest survival and egg success as functions of contaminant levels were poorly distinguished from models that presumed no such associations. Small sample sizes could have contributed to the inability to distinguish among contaminant and no toxicant models. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that contaminant concentrations on the Hudson River were not sufficiently high to demonstrate a relationship between contaminant concentrations and reproductive success in kingfishers. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:99-110. Published 2009 SETAC C1 [Custer, Thomas W.; Custer, Christine M.; Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tcuster@usgs.gov RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 FU Hudson River Trustees FX We thank D.J. Albano, C. Balk, M. Clark, P. M. Dummer, S. C. Houdek, A. Karolyshyn, C. D. Pollentier, K.J. Schneider, A.J. Stein, M. Stuber, S. Weick, and W. Yandik for assistance; D. Heisey and T. Shaffer for comments on survival analysis; C. Henny for comments on the manuscript; and the Hudson River Trustees for funding. Any opinions presented are those of the principal investigators and not the position of the United States or the Hudson River Trustees. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1002/etc.26 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 570OY UT WOS:000275688800012 PM 20821424 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Schoellhamer, DH AF Ganju, Neil K. Schoellhamer, David H. TI Decadal-Timescale Estuarine Geomorphic Change Under Future Scenarios of Climate and Sediment Supply SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Numerical modeling; Geomorphology; Scenarios; Sediment transport ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; TRANSPORT MODEL; RIVER ESTUARY; EVOLUTION; LAGOON AB Future estuarine geomorphic change, in response to climate change, sea-level rise, and watershed sediment supply, may govern ecological function, navigation, and water quality. We estimated geomorphic changes in Suisun Bay, CA, under four scenarios using a tidal-timescale hydrodynamic/sediment transport model. Computational expense and data needs were reduced using the morphological hydrograph concept and the morphological acceleration factor. The four scenarios included (1) present-day conditions; (2) sea-level rise and freshwater flow changes of 2030; (3) sea-level rise and decreased watershed sediment supply of 2030; and (4) sea-level rise, freshwater flow changes, and decreased watershed sediment supply of 2030. Sea-level rise increased water levels thereby reducing wave-induced bottom shear stress and sediment redistribution during the wind-wave season. Decreased watershed sediment supply reduced net deposition within the estuary, while minor changes in freshwater flow timing and magnitude induced the smallest overall effect. In all future scenarios, net deposition in the entire estuary and in the shallowest areas did not keep pace with sea-level rise, suggesting that intertidal and wetland areas may struggle to maintain elevation. Tidal-timescale simulations using future conditions were also used to infer changes in optical depth: though sea-level rise acts to decrease mean light irradiance, decreased suspended-sediment concentrations increase irradiance, yielding small changes in optical depth. The modeling results also assisted with the development of a dimensionless estuarine geomorphic number representing the ratio of potential sediment import forces to sediment export forces; we found the number to be linearly related to relative geomorphic change in Suisun Bay. The methods implemented here are widely applicable to evaluating future scenarios of estuarine change over decadal timescales. C1 [Ganju, Neil K.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ganju, Neil K.; Schoellhamer, David H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov; dschoell@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU US Geological Survey's Priority Ecosystems Science; CALFED Bay/Delta Program; University of California Center for Water Resources; US Geological Survey; CASCADE [14, SCI-05-C01-84] FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey's Priority Ecosystems Science program, CALFED Bay/Delta Program, and the University of California Center for Water Resources. Use of ROMS and the CSTMS was supported by the US Geological Survey, with assistance from John Warner. This article is contribution no. 14 to the CASCADE project (Computational Assessments of Scenarios of Change for the Delta Ecosystem, Project #SCI-05-C01-84). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CALFED Science Program. Input from Dano Roelvink, Mick van der Wegen, and the anonymous reviewers greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9244-y PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 567CU UT WOS:000275420700002 ER PT J AU Howard, RJ AF Howard, Rebecca J. TI Intraspecific Variation in Growth of Marsh Macrophytes in Response to Salinity and Soil Type: Implications for Wetland Restoration SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Brackish marsh; Genetic diversity; Marsh restoration; Salt marsh; Salinity tolerance; Soil type ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA POACEAE; GRASS DISTICHLIS-SPICATA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SALT-MARSH; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; POPULATION VARIATION; PANICUM-HEMITOMON; COASTAL LOUISIANA; NATURAL WETLANDS AB Genetic diversity within plant populations can influence plant community structure along environmental gradients. In wetland habitats, salinity and soil type are factors that can vary along gradients and therefore affect plant growth. To test for intraspecific growth variation in response to these factors, a greenhouse study was conducted using common plants that occur in northern Gulf of Mexico brackish and salt marshes. Individual plants of Distichlis spicata, Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus californicus, and Schoenoplectus robustus were collected from several locations along the coast in Louisiana, USA. Plant identity, based on collection location, was used as a measure of intraspecific variability. Prepared soil mixtures were organic, silt, or clay, and salinity treatments were 0 or 18 psu. Significant intraspecific variation in stem number, total stem height, or biomass was found in all species. Within species, response to soil type varied, but increased salinity significantly decreased growth in all individuals. Findings indicate that inclusion of multiple genets within species is an important consideration for marsh restoration projects that include vegetation plantings. This strategy will facilitate establishment of plant communities that have the flexibility to adapt to changing environmental conditions and, therefore, are capable of persisting over time. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Howard, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM howardr@usgs.gov FU Louisiana Department of Natural Resources [2503-9836] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, Agreement No. 2503-9836. Field and greenhouse assistance provided by Tim Daigle, Jennifer Kemmerer, and Russell Walters is appreciated. Darren Johnson assisted with data analyses, and Janelda Biagas prepared figures. Comments from Ken Krauss, Karen McKee, Stephen Faulkner, and two anonymous reviewers helped to improve this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9227-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 567CU UT WOS:000275420700011 ER PT B AU Abessa, DMS Carr, RS Sousa, ECPM Rachid, BRF Zaroni, LP Gasparro, MR Pinto, YA Bicego, MC Hortellani, MA Sarkis, JES Muniz, P AF Abessa, D. M. S. Carr, R. S. Sousa, E. C. P. M. Rachid, B. R. F. Zaroni, L. P. Gasparro, M. R. Pinto, Y. A. Bicego, M. C. Hortellani, M. A. Sarkis, J. E. S. Muniz, P. BE Crane, JR Solomon, AE TI INTEGRATIVE ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN A COMPLEX TROPICAL ESTUARINE SYSTEM SO ESTUARIES: TYPES, MOVEMENT PATTERNS AND CLIMATICAL IMPACTS SE Environmental Science Engineering and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sediment Quality Triad; Santos Estuarine System; pollution; toxicity; benthic communities; estuary; Brazil ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; QUALITY TRIAD; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ACUTE TOXICITY; BENTHIC INDEX; CADIZ SPAIN; BRAZIL AB The Santos Estuarine System (SES) is a complex of bays, islands, estuarine channels and rivers located on the Southeast coast of Brazil, in which multiple contaminant sources are situated in close proximity to mangroves and other protected areas. In the present study, the bottom sediment quality from the SES was assessed using the Sediment Quality Triad approach, which incorporates concurrent measures of sediment chemistry, toxicity and macrobenthic community structure. Elevated concentrations of metals were detected in the inner parts of the estuary, in the vicinity of outfalls, and in the eastern zone of Santos Bay. PAHs were found at high concentrations only in the Santos Channel. Anionic detergents were found throughout the system, with higher concentrations occurring close to the sewage outfall diffusers and in the Sao Vicente Channel. Sediments were considered toxic based on whole sediment tests with amphipods and porewater tests with sea urchin embryos. The observed toxicity appeared to coincide with proximity to contaminant sources. The macrobenthic community for the entire study area showed signs of stress, as indicated by low abundance, richness and diversity. The integrative approach suggested that both environmental factors and contaminants were responsible for the altered benthic community structure. The most critically disturbed area was the Santos Channel (upper portion), followed by the Sao Vicente and Bertioga Channels, and the immediate vicinity of the sewage diffusers. C1 [Carr, R. S.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, TAMU CC, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Sousa, E. C. P. M.; Zaroni, L. P.; Gasparro, M. R.; Bicego, M. C.] Inst Oceanog USP, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Rachid, B. R. F.; Zaroni, L. P.] FUNDESPA, Fundacao Estudos & Pesquisas Aquat, BR-05507000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Zaroni, L. P.] Aplysia Tecnol Meio Ambiente, BR-29090210 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Pinto, Y. A.] Minist Meio Ambiente, BR-70068900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Hortellani, M. A.; Sarkis, J. E. S.] IPEN CNEN SP, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Muniz, P.] Fac Ciencias UdelaR, Secc Oceanol, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay. RP Abessa, DMS (reprint author), UNESP Campus Expt Litoral Paulista,Praca Infante, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente, SP, Brazil. EM dmabessa@csv.unesp.br RI Hortellani, Marcos/E-2241-2012 OI Hortellani, Marcos/0000-0003-3364-0648 NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-859-2 J9 ENVIRON SCI ENG TECH PY 2010 BP 279 EP 312 PG 34 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BPE26 UT WOS:000278683700009 ER PT J AU Eads, DA Biggins, DE Jachowski, DS Livieri, TM Millspaugh, JJ Forsberg, M AF Eads, D. A. Biggins, D. E. Jachowski, D. S. Livieri, T. M. Millspaugh, J. J. Forsberg, M. TI Morning ambush attacks by black-footed ferrets on emerging prairie dogs SO ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ambush; predation; predator behavior; telemetry; Mustela nigripes; Cynomys ID FOOD-HABITS; BEHAVIOR AB Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) often hunt at night, attacking normally diurnal prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) in underground burrow systems. While monitoring black-footed ferrets in South Dakota during morning daylight hours, we observed an adult female ferret ambush a black-tailed prairie dog (C. ludovicianus) emerging from a burrow. On a neighboring colony, we observed a second adult female ferret engaging in similar ambush behaviors on 12 occasions, although prey was not visible. We retrospectively assessed radio-telemetry data on white-tailed prairie dogs (C. leucurus) and a male and a female ferret to evaluate ferret activity in relation to timing of prairie dog emergence. Activity of radio-collared ferrets was high during the hourly period when prairie dogs first emerged and the following 2 hr, relative to later daylight hours. Such behavior is consistent with behaviors observed in South Dakota. Nighttime movements by ferrets might involve hunting but also reconnaissance of prey preparatory to morning ambush attacks. C1 [Eads, D. A.; Jachowski, D. S.; Millspaugh, J. J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Biggins, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Livieri, T. M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. RP Eads, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Anat Zool Bldg E208, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM david.eads@colostate.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Denver Zoo; University of Missouri; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks [T35, 2435] FX We thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; the US Fish and Wildlife Service; the Denver Zoo; and the University of Missouri for supporting the research that made the Conata Basin observations possible. This study was made possible through State Wildlife Grant T35, study number 2435, provided by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. D. A. Eads was also supported by S. and D. Webb. We also thank the 1984 telemetry crew for their diligence in radio-tracking, and L. R. Hanebury and B.J. Miller for providing details of their observations. We appreciate the constructive reviews and comments of J.F. Cully, J.G. Chipault, C. Bodinof, and two anonymous reviewers, and discussions with J.G. Chipault, T. Eads, S. Eads, and D. L. Eads. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0394-9370 J9 ETHOL ECOL EVOL JI Ethol. Ecol. Evol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 345 EP 352 AR PII 929151419 DI 10.1080/03949370.2010.510037 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 675WW UT WOS:000283872700002 ER PT J AU Nesmith, JCB O'Hara, KL van Mantgem, PJ de Valpine, P AF Nesmith, Jonathan C. B. O'Hara, Kevin L. van Mantgem, Phillip J. de Valpine, Perry TI THE EFFECTS OF RAKING ON SUGAR PINE MORTALITY FOLLOWING PRESCRIBED FIRE IN SEQUOIA AND KINGS CANYON NATIONAL PARKS, CALIFORNIA, USA SO FIRE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; fire intensity; GLMM; large tree retention; restoration AB Prescribed fire is an important tool for fuel reduction, the control of competing vegetation, and forest restoration. The accumulated fuels associated with historical fire exclusion can cause undesirably high tree mortality rates following prescribed fires and wildfires. This is especially true for sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Douglas), which is already negatively affected by the introduced pathogen white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. ex Rabenh). We tested the efficacy of raking away fuels around the base of sugar pine to reduce mortality following prescribed fire in Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks, California, USA. This study was conducted in three prescribed fires and included 457 trees, half of which had the fuels around their bases raked away to mineral soil to 0.5 m away from the stem. Fire effects were assessed and tree mortality was recorded for three years after prescribed fires. Overall, raking had no detectable effect on mortality: raked trees averaged 30% mortality compared to 36% for unraked trees. There was a significant effect, however, between the interaction of raking and average pre-treatment forest floor fuel depth: the predicted probability of survival of a 50 cm dbh tree was 0.94 vs. 0.96 when average pre-treatment fuel depth was 0 cm for a raked and unraked tree, respectively. When average pre-treatment forest floor fuel depth was 30 cm, the predicted probability of survival for a raked 50 cm dbh tree was 0.60 compared to only 0.07 for an unraked tree. Raking did not affect mortality when fire intensity, measured as percent crown volume scorched, was very low (0% scorch) or very high (>80% scorch), but the raking treatment significantly increased the proportion of trees that survived by 9.6% for trees that burned under moderate fire intensity (1% to 80% scorch). Raking significantly reduced the likelihood of bole charring and bark beetle activity three years post fire. Fuel depth and anticipated fire intensity need to be accounted for to maximize the effectiveness of the treatments. Raking is an important management option to reduce tree mortality from prescribed fire, but is most effective under specific fuel and burning conditions. C1 [Nesmith, Jonathan C. B.; O'Hara, Kevin L.; de Valpine, Perry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Mantgem, Phillip J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Redwood Field Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Nesmith, JCB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jnesmith@berkeley.edu OI O'Hara, Kevin/0000-0002-3800-9188 FU USGS [06-72] FX We would like to thank N. Stephenson, J. van Wagtendonk, and two anonymous reviewers for the insightful comments they provided on earlier drafts. We would also like to thank the National Park Service for providing logistical support, training, and use of their facilities for this research. Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Park Oriented Biological Support Grant 06-72. This work is a contribution from the Western Mountain Initiative (a USGS global change research project), and from the Cordillera Forest Dynamics Network (CORFOR). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 90 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASSOC FIRE ECOLOGY PI EUGENE PA PO BOX 50412, EUGENE, OR 97405 USA SN 1933-9747 J9 FIRE ECOL JI Fire Ecol. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 97 EP 116 DI 10.4996/fireecology.0603097 PG 20 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA V28VF UT WOS:000208707600007 ER PT J AU Noguchi, GE AF Noguchi, George E. BE Leatherland, JF Woo, PTK TI Immunological Disorders Associated with Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Related Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds (Reprinted) SO FISH DISEASES AND DISORDERS, VOL 2: NON-INFECTIOUS DISORDERS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Reprint; Book Chapter ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; B-CELL DIFFERENTIATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; DIETARY EXPOSURE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; AH-RECEPTOR; LYMPHOCYTE HETEROGENEITY C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Noguchi, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. NR 119 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-553-5 PY 2010 BP 267 EP 286 DI 10.1079/9781845935535.0267 D2 10.1079/9781845935535.0000 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BVY84 UT WOS:000293174700010 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK LaPatra, SE Woodson, JC Kurath, G Winton, JR AF Purcell, Maureen K. LaPatra, Scott E. Woodson, James C. Kurath, Gael Winton, James R. TI Early viral replication and induced or constitutive immunity in rainbow trout families with differential resistance to Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Interferon; Viral load; Full-sibling families; Pattern recognition receptors ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DNA VACCINATION; VIRULENCE MECHANISMS; ATLANTIC SALMON; GENE-EXPRESSION; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION AB The main objective of this study was to assess correlates of innate resistance in rainbow trout full-sibling families that differ in susceptibility to Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). As part of a commercial breeding program. full-sibling families were challenged with IHNV by waterborne exposure at the I g size to determine susceptibility to IHNV. Progeny from select families (N = 7 families) that varied in susceptibility (ranging from 32 to 90% cumulative percent mortality (CPM)) were challenged again at the 10 g size by intra-peritoneal injection and overall mortality, early viral replication and immune responses were evaluated. Mortality challenges included 20-40 fish per family while viral replication and immune response studies included 6 fish per family at each time point (24, 48 and 72 h post-infection (hpi)). CPM at the I g size was significantly correlated with CPM at the 10 g size, indicating that inherent resistance was a stable trait irrespective of size. In the larger fish, viral load was measured by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR in the anterior kidney and was a significant predictor of family disease outcome at 48 hpi. Type I interferon (IFN) transcript levels were significantly correlated with an individual's viral load at 48 and 72 hpi, while type II IFN gene expression was significantly correlated with an individual's viral load at 24 and 48 hpi. Mean family type I but not type 11 IFN gene expression was weakly associated with susceptibility at 72 hpi. There was no association between mean family susceptibility and the constitutive expression of a range of innate immune genes (e.g. type I and II IFN pathway genes, cytokine and viral recognition receptor genes). The majority of survivors from the challenge had detectable serum neutralizing antibody titers but no trend was observed among families. This result suggests that even the most resistant families experienced sufficient levels of viral replication to trigger specific immunity. In summary, disease outcome for each family was determined very early in the infection process and resistance was associated with lower early viral replication. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Woodson, James C.; Kurath, Gael; Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [LaPatra, Scott E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU USDA [2006-35204-17393] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Ma. Michelle Penaranda, Chang Hoon Moon, Bill Shewmaker, Robin Burkhart and Richard Towner. We thank Andrew Wargo for advice on statistical methods. The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35204-17393. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 54 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.10.005 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 551UE UT WOS:000274235100012 PM 19819334 ER PT J AU Shafroth, PB Wilcox, AC Lytle, DA Hickey, JT Andersen, DC Beauchamp, VB Hautzinger, A McMullen, LE Warner, A AF Shafroth, Patrick B. Wilcox, Andrew C. Lytle, David A. Hickey, John T. Andersen, Douglas C. Beauchamp, Vanessa B. Hautzinger, Andrew McMullen, Laura E. Warner, Andrew TI Ecosystem effects of environmental flows: modelling and experimental floods in a dryland river SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beaver; benthic macroinvertebrates; fluvial geomorphology; physical habitat modelling; riparian vegetation ID WATER-TABLE DECLINE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; BASIC PRINCIPLES; AQUATIC INSECTS; ALLUVIAL RIVER; DESERT STREAM; TARIM RIVER; BEAVER DAMS; REGIMES AB 1. Successful environmental flow prescriptions require an accurate understanding of the linkages among flow events, geomorphic processes and biotic responses. We describe models and results from experimental flow releases associated with an environmental flow program on the Bill Williams River (BWR), Arizona, in arid to semiarid western U. S. A. 2. Two general approaches for improving knowledge and predictions of ecological responses to environmental flows are: ( 1) coupling physical system models to ecological responses and ( 2) clarifying empirical relationships between flow and ecological responses through implementation and monitoring of experimental flow releases. 3. We modelled the BWR physical system using: ( 1) a reservoir operations model to simulate reservoir releases and reservoir water levels and estimate flow through the river system under a range of scenarios, ( 2) one- and two-dimensional river hydraulics models to estimate stage-discharge relationships at the whole-river and local scales, respectively, and ( 3) a groundwater model to estimate surface-and groundwater interactions in a large, alluvial valley on the BWR where surface flow is frequently absent. 4. An example of a coupled, hydrology-ecology model is the Ecosystems Function Model, which we used to link a one-dimensional hydraulic model with riparian tree seedling establishment requirements to produce spatially explicit predictions of seedling recruitment locations in a Geographic Information System. We also quantified the effects of small experimental floods on the differential mortality of native and exotic riparian trees, on beaver dam integrity and distribution, and on the dynamics of differentially flow-adapted benthic macroinvertebrate groups. 5. Results of model applications and experimental flow releases are contributing to adaptive flow management on the BWR and to the development of regional environmental flow standards. General themes that emerged from our work include the importance of response thresholds, which are commonly driven by geomorphic thresholds or mediated by geomorphic processes, and the importance of spatial and temporal variation in the effects of flows on ecosystems, which can result from factors such as longitudinal complexity and ecohydrological feedbacks. C1 [Shafroth, Patrick B.; Andersen, Douglas C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wilcox, Andrew C.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lytle, David A.; McMullen, Laura E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hickey, John T.] USA, Hydrol Engn Ctr, Inst Water Resources, Corps Engineers, Davis, CA USA. [Beauchamp, Vanessa B.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD USA. [Hautzinger, Andrew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat Resources, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Warner, Andrew] Nature Conservancy, Global Freshwater Team, University Pk, PA USA. RP Shafroth, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM shafrothp@usgs.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013; OI Wilcox, Andrew C./0000-0002-6241-8977 FU U. S. Bureau of Land Management; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX J. Broska of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service developed the surface- groundwater model described in this paper. A. Arthington, L. Hanson, C. Nilsson, L. Perry, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive suggestions on the manuscript. T. Fancher assisted with graphics production and C. Pritekel with manuscript editing. Funding for PBS, DCA, VBB and ACW was provided by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U. S. Geological Survey. Funding for LEM was provided by the U. S. Bureau of Land Management, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program. NR 89 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 10 U2 93 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 68 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02271.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 533PK UT WOS:000272836500005 ER PT J AU Poff, NL Richter, BD Arthington, AH Bunn, SE Naiman, RJ Kendy, E Acreman, M Apse, C Bledsoe, BP Freeman, MC Henriksen, J Jacobson, RB Kennen, JG Merritt, DM O'Keeffe, JH Olden, JD Rogers, K Tharme, RE Warner, A AF Poff, N. Leroy Richter, Brian D. Arthington, Angela H. Bunn, Stuart E. Naiman, Robert J. Kendy, Eloise Acreman, Mike Apse, Colin Bledsoe, Brian P. Freeman, Mary C. Henriksen, James Jacobson, Robert B. Kennen, Jonathan G. Merritt, David M. O'Keeffe, Jay H. Olden, Julian D. Rogers, Kevin Tharme, Rebecca E. Warner, Andrew TI The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE environmental flows; hydroecology; hydrologic modelling; river management; streamflow classification ID MACROINVERTEBRATE SPECIES TRAITS; ESTIMATION EXPERIMENT MOPEX; FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER; RIVER ECOSYSTEMS; STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; URBANIZING STREAMS; BASIC PRINCIPLES AB 1. The flow regime is a primary determinant of the structure and function of aquatic and riparian ecosystems for streams and rivers. Hydrologic alteration has impaired riverine ecosystems on a global scale, and the pace and intensity of human development greatly exceeds the ability of scientists to assess the effects on a river-by-river basis. Current scientific understanding of hydrologic controls on riverine ecosystems and experience gained from individual river studies support development of environmental flow standards at the regional scale. 2. This paper presents a consensus view from a group of international scientists on a new framework for assessing environmental flow needs for many streams and rivers simultaneously to foster development and implementation of environmental flow standards at the regional scale. This framework, the ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA), is a synthesis of a number of existing hydrologic techniques and environmental flow methods that are currently being used to various degrees and that can support comprehensive regional flow management. The flexible approach allows scientists, water-resource managers and stakeholders to analyse and synthesise available scientific information into ecologically based and socially acceptable goals and standards for management of environmental flows. 3. The ELOHA framework includes the synthesis of existing hydrologic and ecological databases from many rivers within a user-defined region to develop scientifically defensible and empirically testable relationships between flow alteration and ecological responses. These relationships serve as the basis for the societally driven process of developing regional flow standards. This is to be achieved by first using hydrologic modelling to build a 'hydrologic foundation' of baseline and current hydrographs for stream and river segments throughout the region. Second, using a set of ecologically relevant flow variables, river segments within the region are classified into a few distinctive flow regime types that are expected to have different ecological characteristics. These river types can be further subclassified according to important geomorphic features that define hydraulic habitat features. Third, the deviation of current-condition flows from baseline-condition flow is determined. Fourth, flow alteration-ecological response relationships are developed for each river type, based on a combination of existing hydroecological literature, expert knowledge and field studies across gradients of hydrologic alteration. 4. Scientific uncertainty will exist in the flow alteration-ecological response relationships, in part because of the confounding of hydrologic alteration with other important environmental determinants of river ecosystem condition ( e. g. temperature). Application of the ELOHA framework should therefore occur in a consensus context where stakeholders and decision-makers explicitly evaluate acceptable risk as a balance between the perceived value of the ecological goals, the economic costs involved and the scientific uncertainties in functional relationships between ecological responses and flow alteration. 5. The ELOHA framework also should proceed in an adaptive management context, where collection of monitoring data or targeted field sampling data allows for testing of the proposed flow alteration-ecological response relationships. This empirical validation process allows for a fine-tuning of environmental flow management targets. The ELOHA framework can be used both to guide basic research in hydroecology and to further implementation of more comprehensive environmental flow management of freshwater sustainability on a global scale. C1 [Poff, N. Leroy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. Leroy] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Richter, Brian D.] Nature Conservancy, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Arthington, Angela H.; Bunn, Stuart E.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Arthington, Angela H.; Bunn, Stuart E.] Griffith Univ, eWater Cooperat Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Naiman, Robert J.; Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kendy, Eloise] Nature Conservancy, Helena, MT USA. [Acreman, Mike] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Apse, Colin] Nature Conservancy, Brunswick, ME USA. [Bledsoe, Brian P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. [Henriksen, James] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Jacobson, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. [Kennen, Jonathan G.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ USA. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [O'Keeffe, Jay H.] UNESCO IHE Inst Water Educ, Dept Environm Resources, Delft, Netherlands. [Rogers, Kevin] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Tharme, Rebecca E.] Int Water Management Inst, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Warner, Andrew] Nature Conservancy, University Pk, PA USA. RP Poff, NL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM poff@lamar.colostate.edu RI Bunn, Stuart/B-9065-2008; Olden, Julian/A-8535-2010; Hurford, Anthony/E-1338-2011; Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009; Acreman, Michael/I-6212-2012; Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012; OI Bunn, Stuart/0000-0002-6540-3586; Arthington, Angela/0000-0001-5967-7954; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187 NR 126 TC 461 Z9 480 U1 25 U2 343 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 147 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 533PK UT WOS:000272836500009 ER PT J AU Merritt, DM Scott, ML Poff, NL Auble, GT Lytle, DA AF Merritt, David M. Scott, Michael L. Poff, N. LeRoy Auble, Gregor T. Lytle, David A. TI Theory, methods and tools for determining environmental flows for riparian vegetation: riparian vegetation-flow response guilds SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE environmental flows; hydrologic alteration; plant water relations; riparian vegetation; vegetation models ID RIVER-MARGIN VEGETATION; EASTERN SIERRA-NEVADA; UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; SAN-PEDRO RIVER; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BOREAL RIVERS; STREAM-FLOW; GREEN RIVER; UNREGULATED STREAMS; HYDROLOGIC REGIMES AB 1. Riparian vegetation composition, structure and abundance are governed to a large degree by river flow regime and flow-mediated fluvial processes. Streamflow regime exerts selective pressures on riparian vegetation, resulting in adaptations ( trait syndromes) to specific flow attributes. Widespread modification of flow regimes by humans has resulted in extensive alteration of riparian vegetation communities. Some of the negative effects of altered flow regimes on vegetation may be reversed by restoring components of the natural flow regime. 2. Models have been developed that quantitatively relate components of the flow regime to attributes of riparian vegetation at the individual, population and community levels. Predictive models range from simple statistical relationships, to more complex stochastic matrix population models and dynamic simulation models. Of the dozens of predictive models reviewed here, most treat one or a few species, have many simplifying assumptions such as stable channel form, and do not specify the time-scale of response. In many cases, these models are very effective in developing alternative streamflow management plans for specific river reaches or segments but are not directly transferable to other rivers or other regions. 3. A primary goal in riparian ecology is to develop general frameworks for prediction of vegetation response to changing environmental conditions. The development of riparian vegetation-flow response guilds offers a framework for transferring information from rivers where flow standards have been developed to maintain desirable vegetation attributes, to rivers with little or no existing information. 4. We propose to organise riparian plants into non-phylogenetic groupings of species with shared traits that are related to components of hydrologic regime: life history, reproductive strategy, morphology, adaptations to fluvial disturbance and adaptations to water availability. Plants from any river or region may be grouped into these guilds and related to hydrologic attributes of a specific class of river using probabilistic response curves. 5. Probabilistic models based on riparian response guilds enable prediction of the likelihood of change in each of the response guilds given projected changes in flow, and facilitate examination of trade-offs and risks associated with various flow management strategies. Riparian response guilds can be decomposed to the species level for individual projects or used to develop flow management guidelines for regional water management plans. C1 [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Program, Nat Resource Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Scott, Michael L.; Auble, Gregor T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Poff, N. LeRoy] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lytle, David A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Merritt, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Natl Watershed Fish & Wildlife Program, Nat Resource Res Ctr, USDA, 2150A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dmmerritt@fs.fed.us RI Poff, Nathan/C-1239-2009 NR 123 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 13 U2 120 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 206 EP 225 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02206.x PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 533PK UT WOS:000272836500012 ER PT S AU Hibbard, JP van Staal, CR Rankin, DW AF Hibbard, James P. van Staal, Cees R. Rankin, Douglas W. BE Tollo, RP Bartholomew, MJ Hibbard, JP Karabinos, PM TI Comparative analysis of the geological evolution of the northern and southern Appalachian orogen: Late Ordovician-Permian SO FROM RODINIA TO PANGEA: THE LITHOTECTONIC RECORD OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPE-BRETON-ISLAND; BRUNSWICK SUBDUCTION COMPLEX; HYCO SHEAR ZONE; NOVA-SCOTIA; U-PB; NEWFOUNDLAND APPALACHIANS; MEGUMA TERRANE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; SILURIAN COLLISION; INNER PIEDMONT AB Review of the major post-Middle Ordovician lithotectonic elements of the Appalachian orogen indicates that the middle to late Paleozoic geologic evolution of the Appalachian margin was less uniform than that of the early Paleozoic. Evolutionary divergence between the northern and southern segments of the orogen started in the Late Ordovician to Silurian with staggered accretion of the first peri-Gondwanan elements to reach the Laurentia margin, Carolinia in the south and Ganderia in the north. Divergence was amplified during the Silurian, specifically with respect to the nature of the Laurentian margin and the history of accretion. During this time frame, the northern margin was convergent, whereas the amagmatic southern margin may well have been a transform boundary. In terms of accretion, the Late Silurian-Early Devonian docking of Avalonia was restricted to the northern segment, whereas the southern Appalachians appear to have been largely quiescent during this interval. The evolutionary paths of the two segments of the margin converge on a common history in the Late Devonian during the Famennian event; we suggest that this tectonism was related to the initial marginwide interaction of Laurentia with the peri-Gondwanan blocks of Meguma and Suwanee, providing a uniform tectonic template for margin evolution. The Laurentian-Gondwanan collision is marked by second-order divergences in history. Specifically, during the Carboniferous, the southern segment records a larger component of shortening than the northern Appalachians. C1 [Hibbard, James P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [van Staal, Cees R.] Geol Survey Canada, Vancouver, BC V6B 5J3, Canada. [Rankin, Douglas W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hibbard, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 122 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1206-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2010 VL 206 BP 51 EP 69 DI 10.1130/2010.1206(03) D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-1206-2 PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGK75 UT WOS:000323371300004 ER PT S AU Dietsch, C Kunk, MJ Aleinikoff, J Sutter, JF AF Dietsch, Craig Kunk, Michael J. Aleinikoff, John Sutter, John F. BE Tollo, RP Bartholomew, MJ Hibbard, JP Karabinos, PM TI The tectono-thermal evolution of the Waterbury dome, western Connecticut, based on U-Pb and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages SO FROM RODINIA TO PANGEA: THE LITHOTECTONIC RECORD OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEW-ENGLAND APPALACHIANS; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; NEWFOUNDLAND APPALACHIANS; TACONIAN OROGENY; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; GNEISS DOMES; MAGMATIC ARC; AR-40 AR-39; ROCKS AB The Waterbury dome, located in the Rowe-Hawley zone in western Connecticut, is a triple window exposing three terranes: parautochthonous or allochthonous peri-Laurentian rocks in its lowest level 1, allochthonous rocks of the Rowe-Hawley zone in its middle level 2, and allochthonous cover rocks, including Silurian-Devonian rocks of the Connecticut Valley Gaspe trough, in its highest level 3. Levels 1 and 2 are separated by the Waterbury thrust, a fault equivalent to Cameron's Line, the Taconic suture in southwestern New England. Relict mesoscopic folds and foliation in levels 1 and 2 are truncated by a dominant D-2 migmatitic layering and are likely Taconic. U-Pb zircon crystallization ages of felsic orthogneiss and tonalite, syntectonic with respect to the formation of S-2, and a biotite quartz diorite that crosscuts level 2 paragneiss are 437 +/- 4 Ma, 434 +/- 4 Ma, and 437 +/- 4 Ma, respectively. Level 3 nappes were emplaced over the Waterbury dome along an Acadian decollement synchronous with the formation of a D-3 thrust duplex in the dome. The decollement truncates the Ky + Kfs-in (migmatite) isograd in the dome core and a St-in isograd in level 3 nappes, indicating that peak metamorphic conditions in the dome core and nappe cover rocks formed in different places at different times. Metamorphic overgrowths on zircon from the felsic orthogneiss in the Waterbury dome have an age of 387 +/- 5 Ma. Rocks of all levels and the decollement are folded by D-4 folds that have a strongly developed, regional crenulation cleavage and D-5 folds. The Waterbury dome was formed by thrust duplexing followed by fold interference during the Acadian orogeny. The Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of amphibole, muscovite, biotite, and K-feldspar from above and below the decollement are ca. 378 Ma, 355 Ma, 360 Ma (above) and 340 (below), and 288 Ma, respectively. Any kilometer-scale vertical movements between dome and nappe rocks were over by ca. 378 Ma. Core and cover rocks of the Waterbury dome record synchronous, post-Acadian cooling. C1 [Dietsch, Craig] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kunk, Michael J.; Sutter, John F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aleinikoff, John] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dietsch, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, POB 0013, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dietscc@ucmail.uc.edu NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1206-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2010 VL 206 BP 141 EP 181 DI 10.1130/2010.1206(08) D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-1206-2 PG 41 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGK75 UT WOS:000323371300009 ER PT S AU Hussey, AM Bothner, WA Aleinikoff, J AF Hussey, Arthur M., II Bothner, Wallace A. Aleinikoff, John BE Tollo, RP Bartholomew, MJ Hibbard, JP Karabinos, PM TI The tectono-stratigraphic framework and evolution of southwestern Maine and southeastern New Hampshire SO FROM RODINIA TO PANGEA: THE LITHOTECTONIC RECORD OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTH-CENTRAL MAINE; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; CASCO BAY; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; COASTAL MAINE; SILURIAN AGE; NEW-ENGLAND; ROCKS; EASTERN AB Five belts of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks underlie southwestern Maine and southeastern New Hampshire: Middle Ordovician Falmouth-Brunswick sequence; Middle and Late Ordovician Casco Bay Group, and Late Ordovician to Early Silurian rocks of the Merribuckfred Basin; Late Ordovician to Early Silurian rocks of the East Harpswell Group; Silurian to Early Devonian rocks of the Central Maine Basin; and highly tectonized enigmatic rocks of the Rye complex of uncertain age. Stratigraphic reassessment and new U/Pb zircon ages support a model of east-directed Middle Ordovician subduction beneath Miramichi, a peri-Gondwanan block, and formation of the Falmouth-Brunswick-Casco Bay volcanic arc complex that is roughly correlative with arc activity on strike in New Brunswick. Passive Late Ordovician sedimentation in a reducing restricted backarc basin followed. Late Ordovician to Early Silurian volcanic rocks and volcanogenic sediments (East Harpswell Group) support west-directed subduction under the Miramichi block. Late Ordovician to Early Silurian turbidites accumulated in the Merribuckfred Basin between the Falmouth-Brunswick-Casco Bay arc and Ganderia to the east. The collision of Ganderia with the Falmouth Brunswick arc in Late Silurian time represents an early phase of the Acadian orogeny, during which the Merribuckfred rocks were deformed, metamorphosed, intruded, and uplifted. Simultaneously and inboard, the Central Maine Basin received sediment eroded mostly from Laurentia. Later, during the Late Silurian and Early Devonian, uplifted Merribuckfred basin rocks became the major source of sediments for the Central Maine Basin. A later phase of the Acadian orogeny resulted in Middle Devonian deformation, metamorphism, and intrusion of rocks of all six belts. C1 [Hussey, Arthur M., II] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Geol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Bothner, Wallace A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Aleinikoff, John] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hussey, AM (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Geol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1206-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2010 VL 206 BP 205 EP 230 DI 10.1130/2010.1206(10) D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-1206-2 PG 26 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGK75 UT WOS:000323371300011 ER PT S AU Volkert, RA Aleinikoff, JN Fanning, CM AF Volkert, Richard A. Aleinikoff, John N. Fanning, C. Mark BE Tollo, RP Bartholomew, MJ Hibbard, JP Karabinos, PM TI Tectonic, magmatic, and metamorphic history of the New Jersey Highlands: New insights from SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology SO FROM RODINIA TO PANGEA: THE LITHOTECTONIC RECORD OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CENTRAL METASEDIMENTARY BELT; TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; A-TYPE GRANITOIDS; GRENVILLE PROVINCE; ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY; ARC MAGMATISM; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; COLLISIONAL OROGENS; CONTINENTAL ARC; GNEISS COMPLEX AB New U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) ages from zircon and monazite document a 350 m.y. geologic evolution for the New Jersey Highlands. Two pulses of calc-alkaline magmatism that include the Wanaque tonalitic gneiss (1366 +/- 9 Ma and 1363 +/- 17 Ma) and Losee Suite tonalitic gneiss (1282 +/- 7 Ma), dacitic gneiss (1254 +/- 5 Ma), and dioritic gneiss (1248 +/- 12 Ma) represent the southern continuation of eastern Laurentian margin arc activity. Supracrustal paragneisses, marble, and cogenetic metavolcanic rocks were deposited in a backarc basin inboard of the Losee arc. Ages of 1299 +/- 8 Ma to 1240 +/- 17 Ma for rhyolitic gneisses provide lower and upper limits, respectively, for the age of the supracrustal succession. Inherited cores in zircon grains from supracrustal rhyolitic gneiss and from Losee Suite rocks yield overlapping ages of 1.39-1.30 Ga and indicate proximity to an older arc source temporally equivalent to the Wanaque tonalitic gneiss. Location of the backarc inboard of the Losee arc implies a northwest-dipping subduction zone at this time beneath the eastern Laurentian margin. A-type granite magmatism of the Byram and Lake Hopatcong intrusive suites at 1188 +/- 6 Ma to 1182 +/- 11 Ma followed termination of arc and backarc magmatism and documents a change to decompression melting of delaminated lithospheric mantle by upwelling asthenospheric mantle. Waning stages of A-type granite magmatism include clinopyroxene granite (1027 +/- 6 Ma) and postorogenic Mount Eve Granite (1019 +/- 4 Ma). Overgrowths on zircon and monazite give ages of 1045-1024 Ma, fixing the timing of granulite-facies metamorphism in the New Jersey Highlands; other over-growth ages of 996-989 Ma reflect the thermal effects of postorogenic felsic magmatism and hydrothermal activity associated with regional U-Th-rare earth element (REE) mineralization. C1 [Volkert, Richard A.] New Jersey Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Aleinikoff, John N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fanning, C. Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Volkert, RA (reprint author), New Jersey Geol Survey, POB 427, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RI Fanning, Christopher Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, Christopher Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 97 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1206-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2010 VL 206 BP 307 EP 346 DI 10.1130/2010.1206(14) D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-1206-2 PG 40 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGK75 UT WOS:000323371300015 ER PT S AU Burton, WC Southworth, S AF Burton, William C. Southworth, Scott BE Tollo, RP Bartholomew, MJ Hibbard, JP Karabinos, PM TI A model for Iapetan rifting of Laurentia based on Neoproterozoic dikes and related rocks SO FROM RODINIA TO PANGEA: THE LITHOTECTONIC RECORD OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID U-PB ZIRCON; BLUE RIDGE PROVINCE; NORTHWESTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; CATOCTIN VOLCANIC PROVINCE; OUACHITA RIFTED MARGIN; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; IGNEOUS SUITE; DYKE SWARM; FAULT-ZONE; NEW-JERSEY AB Geologic evidence of the Neoproterozoic rifting of Laurentia during breakup of Rodinia is recorded in basement massifs of the cratonic margin by dike swarms, volcanic and plutonic rocks, and rift-related clastic sedimentary sequences. The spatial and temporal distribution of these geologic features varies both within and between the massifs but preserves evidence concerning the timing and nature of rifting. The most salient features include: (1) a rift-related magmatic event recorded in the French Broad massif and the southern and central Shenandoah massif that is distinctly older than that recorded in the northern Shenandoah massif and northward; (2) felsic volcanic centers at the north ends of both French Broad and Shenandoah massifs accompanied by dike swarms; (3) differences in volume between massifs of cover-sequence volcanic rocks and rift-related clastic rocks; and (4) WNW orientation of the Grenville dike swarm in contrast to the predominately NE orientation of other Neo proterozoic dikes. Previously proposed rifting mechanisms to explain these features include rift-transform and plume-triple-junction systems. The rift-transform system best explains features 1, 2, and 3, listed here, and we propose that it represents the dominant rifting mechanism for most of the Laurentian margin. To explain feature 4, as well as magmatic ages and geochemical trends in the Northern Appalachians, we propose that a plume-triple-junction system evolved into the rift-transform system. A ca. 600 Ma mantle plume centered east of the Sutton Mountains generated the radial dike swarm of the Adirondack massif and the Grenville dike swarm, and a collocated triple junction generated the northern part of the rift-transform system. An eastern branch of this system produced the Long Range dike swarm in Newfoundland, and a subsequent western branch produced the ca. 554 Ma Tibbit Hill volcanics and the ca. 550 Ma rift-related magmatism of Newfoundland. C1 [Burton, William C.; Southworth, Scott] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Burton, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 103 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1206-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2010 VL 206 BP 455 EP 476 DI 10.1130/2010.1206(20) D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-1206-2 PG 22 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGK75 UT WOS:000323371300021 ER PT S AU Horton, JW Aleinikoff, JN Drake, AA Fanning, CM AF Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Aleinikoff, John N. Drake, Avery Ala, Jr. Fanning, C. Mark BE Tollo, RP Bartholomew, MJ Hibbard, JP Karabinos, PM TI Ordovician volcanic-arc terrane in the Central Appalachian Piedmont of Maryland and Virginia: SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology, field relations, and tectonic significance SO FROM RODINIA TO PANGEA: THE LITHOTECTONIC RECORD OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANNIEOPSQUOTCH ACCRETIONARY TRACT; INHERITED RADIOGENIC LEAD; BALTIMORE GNEISS DOMES; AIR-ABRASION TECHNIQUE; WESTERN NEW-ENGLAND; NEWFOUNDLAND APPALACHIANS; GLENARM SERIES; REGIONAL RELATIONS; K-BENTONITES; ZIRCON AGES AB U-Pb zircon geochronology and field relations provide insights into metavolcanic and associated rocks in the Central Appalachian Piedmont of Maryland and northern Virginia. Ordovician ages were determined for volcanic-arc rocks of the James Run Formation (Churchville Gneiss Member, 458 +/- 4 Ma; Carroll Gneiss Member, 462 +/- 4 Ma), Relay Felsite (458 +/- 4 Ma), Chopawamsic Formation (453 +/- 4 Ma), and a Quantico Formation volcaniclastic layer (448 +/- 4 Ma). A previously dated first phase of volcanism in the Chopawamsic Formation was followed by the second phase dated here. The latter suggests a possible source for contemporaneous volcanic-ash beds throughout eastern North America. Dates from the Chopawamsic and Quantico Formations constrain the transition from arc volcanism to successor-basin sedimentation. Ordovician metatonalites of the Franklinville (462 +/- 5 Ma) and Perry Hall (461 +/- 5 Ma) plutons are contemporaneous with the James Run Formation, whereas granitoids of the Bynum Run (434 +/- 4 Ma) and Prince William Forest (434 +/- 8 Ma) plutons indicate an Early Silurian plutonic event. The Popes Head Formation yielded Mesoproterozoic (1.0-1.25 Ga, 1.5-1.8 Ga) detrital zircons, and metamorphosed sedimentary melange of the Sykesville Formation yielded Mesoproterozoic (1.0-1.8 Ga) detrital zircons plus a minor Archean (2.6 Ga) component. A few euhedral zircons (ca. 479 Ma) in the Sykesville Formation may be from granitic seams related to the Dalecarlia Intrusive Suite. A Potomac orogeny in the Central Appalachian Piedmont is not required, but the earliest Taconic orogenesis remains poorly constrained. C1 [Horton, J. Wright, Jr.; Drake, Avery Ala, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aleinikoff, John N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fanning, C. Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Horton, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM whorton@usgs.gov RI Fanning, Christopher Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, Christopher Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 140 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1206-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2010 VL 206 BP 621 EP 660 DI 10.1130/2010.1206(25) D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-1206-2 PG 40 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGK75 UT WOS:000323371300026 ER PT S AU Merschat, AJ Hatcher, RD Bream, BR Miller, CF Byars, HE Gatewood, MP Wooden, JL AF Merschat, Arthur J. Hatcher, Robert D., Jr. Bream, Brendan R. Miller, Calvin F. Byars, Heather E. Gatewood, Matthew P. Wooden, Joseph L. BE Tollo, RP Bartholomew, MJ Hibbard, JP Karabinos, PM TI Detrital zircon geochronology and provenance of southern Appalachian Blue Ridge and Inner Piedmont crystalline terranes SO FROM RODINIA TO PANGEA: THE LITHOTECTONIC RECORD OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SMITH RIVER ALLOCHTHON; PINE MOUNTAIN WINDOW; CAROLINA SLATE BELT; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; WHOLE-ROCK PB; NORTH-CAROLINA; LAURENTIAN MARGIN; ELEMENT CHEMISTRY; ION MICROPROBE; AMAZON CRATON AB The southern Appalachian crystalline core is composed of lithotectonic assemblages that are largely sedimentary in origin. Sixteen paragneiss samples from the Blue Ridge and Inner Piedmont of North Carolina and Georgia, and one sample of Middle Ordovician rocks from the Sevier-Blountian clastic wedge in the Tennessee Valley and Ridge were sampled for sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon trace-element analyses. Detrital zircon ages range from Archean (similar to 2.7 Ga) to Middle Paleozoic (similar to 430 Ma), with a notable abundance of Mesoproterozoic zircons (1.3-0.9 Ga). Many samples also contain moderate populations of slightly older Mesoproterozoic zircons (1.5-1.3 Ga). Minor populations of Paleoproterozoic (2.3-1.5 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (754-717 and 629-614 Ma) ages occur in several samples; however, Paleozoic detrital zircons (478-435 Ma) are restricted to samples from the Cat Square terrane. Depositional periods of the metasedimentary terranes are bracketed by detrital zircon, metamorphic, and magmatic ages, and include: (1) Mesoproterozoic, (2) Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic, and (3) middle Paleozoic. A xenolith from the similar to 1.15 Ga Wiley Gneiss suggests a post-similar to 1.2 Ga period of sedimentation prior to the similar to 1.15 Ga Grenvillian magmatic event. Detrital zircon populations of Neoproterozoic to Middle Ordovician suggest a mixed Laurentian provenance with Amazonian and peri-Gondwanan sources deposited in divergent and convergent plate settings. Blue Ridge and Inner Piedmont detrital zircon ages, whole-rock geochemistry, lithologic assemblages, and field relationships are compatible with deposition of immature clastic material in a rift and passive-margin setting from the Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic. Occurrence of 1.3-0.9 Ga, 1.5-1.3 Ga, and 754-717 Ma detrital zircon ages indicate a dominantly Laurentian provenance for the Cartoogechaye, Cowrock, Dahlonega gold belt, Smith River allochthon, and Tugaloo terranes. Minor Paleoproterozoic populations in these terranes suggest input from distal terranes of the Laurentian midcontinent or the Amazonian craton. Transition to a convergent plate margin in the Middle Ordovician resulted in collision of central Blue Ridge and Tugaloo terranes and recycling of material from these terranes into the Mineral Bluff Formation and Sevier Shale. Ordovician and 629-614 Ma detrital zircons from the Cat Square terrane document the first occurrence of peri-Gondwanan material, which was deposited in a convergent setting between the Laurentian margin and the accreting Carolina superterrane during the Late Silurian to Devonian. C1 [Merschat, Arthur J.; Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.; Byars, Heather E.; Gatewood, Matthew P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Merschat, Arthur J.; Hatcher, Robert D., Jr.; Byars, Heather E.; Gatewood, Matthew P.] Univ Tennessee, Sci Alliance Ctr Excellence, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bream, Brendan R.; Miller, Calvin F.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Merschat, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM amerschat@usgs.gov NR 172 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1206-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2010 VL 206 BP 661 EP 699 DI 10.1130/2010.1206(26) D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-1206-2 PG 39 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGK75 UT WOS:000323371300027 ER PT S AU Southworth, S Aleinikoff, JN Tollo, RP Bailey, CM Burton, WC Hackley, PC Fanning, CM AF Southworth, Scott Aleinikoff, John N. Tollo, Richard P. Bailey, Christopher M. Burton, William C. Hackley, Paul C. Fanning, C. Mark BE Tollo, RP Bartholomew, MJ Hibbard, JP Karabinos, PM TI Mesoproterozoic magmatism and deformation in the northern Blue Ridge, Virginia and Maryland: Application of SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and integrated field studies in the definition of Grenvillian tectonic history SO FROM RODINIA TO PANGEA: THE LITHOTECTONIC RECORD OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CATOCTIN VOLCANIC PROVINCE; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; EVOLUTION; ZIRCON; LAURENTIA; COMPLEX; OROGEN; MODEL; AGES; MA AB Geologic mapping of Mesoproterozoic lithologies and foliations, and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb crystallization ages of 43 samples of orthogneisses and metagranitoids from the northern Blue Ridge establish new subdivisions: group 1 (1183-1144 Ma), group 2 (1143-1111 Ma), and group 3 (1078-1028 Ma). Protoliths of group 1 were metamorphosed at amphibolite- to granulite-facies conditions and strongly deformed between ca. 1153 and ca. 1144 Ma. Metagranitoids of groups 2 and 3 were emplaced continually for another 115 m.y. and display only local effects of diminishing deformation events. Ages of zircon overgrowths overlap temporally with igneous crystallization ages of group 3, but continued until ca. 960 Ma. The geochronologic sequence defined by rocks in the allochthonous Blue Ridge corresponds temporally with events documented elsewhere in eastern North America. Here, magmatism and the main deformation event occurred at the same time as the Shawinigan orogeny; magmatism with lesser deformation occurred at the same time as the Ottawan orogenic phase of the Grenvillian orogeny. The Neoproterozoic Robert son River batholith separates distinct orthogneisses and metagranitoids geographically. This plutonic body is interpreted to have intruded a Mesoproterozoic boundary that was reactivated during extension from 760 to 700 Ma. Despite the overprinting effects of Neoproterozoic extensional and Paleozoic contractional deformation events, which characteristically impart northeasterly trends to structural features, the majority of the group 1 rocks display prominent, high-grade foliations that trend to the northwest, reflecting the typical Mesoproterozoic tectonic grain observed in massifs from New Jersey to Vermont, as well as in the Adirondacks. C1 [Southworth, Scott; Burton, William C.; Hackley, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aleinikoff, John N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Tollo, Richard P.] George Washington Univ, Geol Sci Program, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Bailey, Christopher M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Geol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Fanning, C. Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Southworth, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Fanning, Christopher Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Hackley, Paul/0000-0002-5957-2551; Fanning, Christopher Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1206-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2010 VL 206 BP 795 EP 836 DI 10.1130/2010.1206(31) D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-1206-2 PG 42 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGK75 UT WOS:000323371300032 ER PT S AU Tollo, RP Aleinikoff, JN Wooden, JL Mazdab, FK Southworth, S Fanning, CM AF Tollo, Richard P. Aleinikoff, John N. Wooden, Joseph L. Mazdab, Frank K. Southworth, Scott Fanning, C. Mark BE Tollo, RP Bartholomew, MJ Hibbard, JP Karabinos, PM TI Thermomagmatic evolution of Mesoproterozoic crust in the Blue Ridge of SW Virginia and NW North Carolina: Evidence from U-Pb geochronology and zircon geothermometry SO FROM RODINIA TO PANGEA: THE LITHOTECTONIC RECORD OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION SE Geological Society of America Memoir LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TI-IN-ZIRCON; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; GRENVILLE PROVINCE; GRANITIC-ROCKS; NEW-YORK; ISOTOPE; AGES; METAMORPHISM; MAGMATISM; LAURENTIA AB New geologic mapping, petrology, and U-Pb geochronology indicate that Mesoproterozoic crust near Mount Rogers consists of felsic to mafic meta-igneous rocks emplaced over 260 m.y. The oldest rocks are compositionally diverse and migmatitic, whereas younger granitoids are porphyritic to porphyroclastic. Cathodoluminescence imaging indicates that zircon from four representative units preserves textural evidence of multiple episodes of growth, including domains of igneous, metamorphic, and inherited origin. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) trace-element analyses indicate that metamorphic zircon is characterized by lower Th/U, higher Yb/Gd, and lower overall rare earth element (REE) concentrations than igneous zircon. SHRIMP U-Pb isotopic analyses of zircon define three episodes of magmatism: 1327 +/- 7 Ma, 1180-1155 Ma, and 1061 +/- 5 Ma. Crustal recycling is recorded by inherited igneous cores of 1.33-1.29 Ga age in 1161 +/- 7 Ma meta-monzogranite. Overlapping ages of igneous and metamorphic crystallization indicate that plutons of ca. 1170 and 1060 Ma age were emplaced during episodes of regional heating. Local development of hornblende + plagioclase + quartz +/- clinopyroxene indicates that prograde metamorphism at 1170-1145 Ma and 1060-1020 Ma reached upper-amphibolite-facies conditions, with temperatures estimated using Ti-in-zircon geothermometry at similar to 740 +/- 40 degrees C during both episodes. The chemical composition of 1327 +/- 7 Ma orthogranofels from migmatite preserves the first evidence of arc-generated rocks in the Blue Ridge, indicating a subduction-related environment that may have been comparable to similar-age systems in inliers of the Northern Appalachians and the Composite Arc belt of Canada. Granitic magmatism at 1180-1155 Ma and ca. 1060 Ma near Mount Rogers was contemporaneous with anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) plutonism in the Northern Appalachian inliers and Canadian Grenville Province. Metamorphism at ca. 1160 and 1060 Ma correlates temporally with the Shawinigan orogeny and Ottawan phase of the Grenvillian orogeny, respectively, suggesting that the Blue Ridge was part of Rodinia dating back to ca. 1180 Ma. C1 [Tollo, Richard P.] George Washington Univ, Geol Sci Program, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Aleinikoff, John N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.; Mazdab, Frank K.] US Geol Survey, Stanford Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Southworth, Scott] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Fanning, C. Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Tollo, RP (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Geol Sci Program, 2029 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM rtollo@gwu.edu NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1069 BN 978-0-8137-1206-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM MEM JI Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. PY 2010 VL 206 BP 859 EP 896 DI 10.1130/2010.1206(33) D2 10.1130/978-0-8137-1206-2 PG 38 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGK75 UT WOS:000323371300034 ER PT J AU Wood, SA Beringer, J Hutley, LB McGuire, AD Van Dijk, A Kilinc, M AF Wood, Stephen A. Beringer, Jason Hutley, Lindsay B. McGuire, A. David Van Dijk, Albert Kilinc, Musa TI Impacts of fire on forest age and runoff in mountain ash forests (Retraction of vol 35, pg 483, 2008) SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction ID REGNANS F MUELL; EUCALYPTUS-REGNANS; WATER YIELD; SAP FLOW; SAPWOOD AREA; TRANSPIRATION; TREES; CATCHMENT; NIGHT; PRODUCTIVITY C1 [Wood, Stephen A.; Beringer, Jason; Kilinc, Musa] Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Hutley, Lindsay B.] Charles Darwin Univ, Fac Educ Hlth & Sci, Sch Sci & Primary Ind, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Van Dijk, Albert] CSIRO Land & Water, Black Mt Lab, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Beringer, J (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM stephen.wood@arts.monash.edu.au; jason.beringer@monash.edu RI Hutley, Lindsay/A-7925-2011; Van Dijk, Albert/B-3106-2011 OI Hutley, Lindsay/0000-0001-5533-9886; Van Dijk, Albert/0000-0002-6508-7480 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1192 EP 492 DI 10.1071/FPv37n12retract PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 681LA UT WOS:000284315300009 ER PT J AU Wieclaw, D Lewan, MD Kotarba, MJ AF Wieclaw, Dariusz Lewan, Michael D. Kotarba, Maciej J. TI Estimation of hydrous-pyrolysis kinetic parameters for oil generation from Baltic Cambrian and Tremadocian source rocks with Type-II kerogen SO GEOLOGICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Baltic region; Cambrian; Ordovician; hydrous pyrolysis; organic sulfur; kinetic parameters; Type-II kerogen ID PETROLEUM FORMATION; ALUM SHALE; MENILITE SHALES; ORGANIC FACIES; SULFUR; MATURATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; CARPATHIANS; INSIGHTS; SWEDEN AB Determining kinetic parameters for oil generation from a source rock by hydrous pyrolysis requires a considerable amount of sample (kilograms) and laboratory time (several weeks). In an effort to circumvent these requirements, hydrous-pyrolysis (HP) kinetic parameters for oil generation from Upper Cambrian and Tremadocian source rocks of the Baltic region are estimated by two methods: (1) organic sulfur content in kerogen and (2) HP experiments conducted at 330 and 355 degrees C for 72 h. Estimates for the Upper Cambrian source rocks based on organic sulfur contents gave activation energies from 47 to 56 kcal/mole and frequency factors from 1.156 x 10(25) to 1.078 x 10(28) m.y.(-1). Tremadocian source rocks based on organic sulfur content gave estimated activation energies from 60 to 62 kcal/mole and frequency factors from 1.790 x 10(29) to 1.104 x 10(30) m.y.(-1). The estimates for the Tremadocian source rocks were less affected by thermal maturation because their low kerogen S/(S + C) mole fractions (<0.018) remained essentially constant. Conversely, the higher kerogen S/(S + C) mole fractions (>0.018) of the Upper Cambrian source rocks decreased with thermal maturation and resulted in overestimation of the kinetic parameters. The second method was designed to estimate kinetic parameters based on two HP experiments. The assumption that the maximum yield in calculating the rate constant at 330 degrees C (k(330 degrees c)) could be determined by a second hydrous pyrolysis experiment at 355 degrees C for 72 h proved not to be valid. Instead, a previously established relationship between Rock-Eval hydrogen index and maximum HP yield for Type-II kerogen was used to calculate k(330 degrees C) from oil yields generated by the HP experiment at 330 degrees C for 72 h assuming a first-order reaction. HP kinetic parameters were determined from relationships between k(330 degrees C) and the HP kinetic parameters previously reported. These estimated HP kinetic parameters were in agreement with those obtained by the first method for immature samples, but underestimated the kinetic parameters for samples at higher thermal maturities. Applying these estimated HP kinetic parameters to geological heating rates of 1 and 10 degrees C/m.y. indicated that the Upper Cambrian source rocks would generate oil notably earlier than the overlying Tremadocian source rocks. This was confirmed in part by available data from two neighboring boreholes in the Polish sector of the Baltic. C1 [Wieclaw, Dariusz; Kotarba, Maciej J.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Geol Geophys & Environm Protect, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Lewan, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wieclaw, D (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Geol Geophys & Environm Protect, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. EM wieclaw@agh.edu.pl; mlewan@usgs.gov; kotarba@agh.edu.pl FU Polish Ministry of Environment [180/2005/Wn-06/FG-sm-tx/D] FX This research was financially supported by the Polish Ministry of Environment grant no. 180/2005/Wn-06/FG-sm-tx/D. Analytical work by A. Kowalski, H. Zych and T. Kowalski from the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank Prof. M. Wagner from the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, I. Grotek from the Polish Geological Institute National Research Institute in Warsaw and M. Pawlewicz from the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver for determination of reflectance on vitrinite-like macerals. We are very grateful to A. Shogenova and V. Kattai from the Estonian Academy of Sciences in Tallinn, P. Kosakowski and A. Kowalski from the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, and A. Karczewska from the LOTOS Petrobaltic S.A. Company in Gdansk for their help in collecting the rock samples. The authors also greatly appreciate the thorough reviews by J. Curtis (Colorado School of Mines, Golden), T. Ruble (Weatherford Labs, Houston), M. Ellis (USGS, Denver), J. Koester (Oldenburg University) and O. Zdanaviciute (Institute of Geology and Geography, Vilnus) which greatly enhanced the clarity and exactness of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU POLISH GEOLOGICAL INST PI WARSAW PA RAKOWIECKA 4, BLDG A, ROOM 434, PL-00-975 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1641-7291 J9 GEOL Q JI Geol. Q. PY 2010 VL 54 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 638TG UT WOS:000280918600010 ER PT J AU Cannon, WF Schulz, KJ Horton, JW Kring, DA AF Cannon, W. F. Schulz, K. J. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Kring, David A. TI The Sudbury impact layer in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern Michigan, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION; IGNEOUS COMPLEX; MELT SHEET; ACCRETIONARY LAPILLI; SHOCK METAMORPHISM; STRUCTURE ONTARIO; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; CHICXULUB; ROCKS; BASIN AB A layer of breccia that contains fragments of impact ejecta has been found at 10 sites in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern Michigan, in the Lake Superior region of the United States. Radiometric age constraints from events predating and postdating deposition of the breccia are ca. 1875 Ma and 1830 Ma. The major bolide impact that occurred at 1850 Ma at Sudbury, Ontario, 500-700 km east of these sites, is the likely causative event. The Michigan sites described here, along with previously described sites in Minnesota and Ontario, define an extensive ejecta-bearing deposit throughout the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of the Lake Superior region that we refer to as the Sudbury impact layer. The layer at the sites in Michigan exhibits a range of thicknesses, lithologic characters, and sedimentary settings. The diversity of rock types and internal stratigraphic details of the layer imply that several different processes of transport and deposition are represented, but the detailed investigations needed to document them are incomplete. Many of the sites had been described and interpreted previously as products of common terrestrial processes, but the presence of relict shock-induced planar deformation features in quartz indicates that the breccia layer is in fact the product of an extraterrestrial impact. At most localities, this layer also contains relict fragments of altered devitrified glass and/or accretionary lapilli. One immediate use of the impact layer is as an ultraprecise time line that ties together the well-known stratigraphic sequences of the various geographically separated iron ranges, the correlation of which has remained controversial for many decades. The Sudbury impact layer most commonly lies at a horizon that records a significant change in the character of sediments across the region. The impact layer marks the end of a major period of banded iron formation deposition that was succeeded by deposition of fine clastic rocks, commonly black shales. The impact may have produced regional, if not global, changes in the environment that resulted in this widespread synchronous change in sedimentation style. C1 [Cannon, W. F.; Schulz, K. J.; Horton, J. Wright, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Kring, David A.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Cannon, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM wcannon@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 22 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 75 DI 10.1130/B26517.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 539YI UT WOS:000273295200003 ER PT J AU Cannon, SH Gartner, JE Rupert, MG Michael, JA Rea, AH Parrett, C AF Cannon, Susan H. Gartner, Joseph E. Rupert, Michael G. Michael, John A. Rea, Alan H. Parrett, Charles TI Predicting the probability and volume of postwildfire debris flows in the intermountain western United States SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; STORM KING MOUNTAIN; BURNED AREAS; WILDFIRE; FIRE; USA; WATERSHEDS; COLORADO; POSTFIRE; EVENTS AB Empirical models to estimate the probability of occurrence and volume of postwildfire debris flows can be quickly implemented in a geographic information system (GIS) to generate debris-flow hazard maps either before or immediately following wildfires. Models that can be used to calculate the probability of debris-flow production from individual drainage basins in response to a given storm were developed using logistic regression analyses of a database from 388 basins located in 15 burned areas located throughout the U.S. Intermountain West. The models describe debris-flow probability as a function of readily obtained measures of areal burned extent, soil properties, basin morphology, and rainfall from short-duration and low-recurrence-interval convective rainstorms. A model for estimating the volume of material that may issue from a basin mouth in response to a given storm was developed using multiple linear regression analysis of a database from 56 basins burned by eight fires. This model describes debris-How volume as a function of the basin gradient, aerial burned extent, and storm rainfall. Applications of a probability model and the volume model for hazard assessments are illustrated using information from the 2003 Hot Creek fire in central Idaho. The predictive strength of the approach in this setting is evaluated using information on the response of this fire to a localized thunderstorm in August 2003. The mapping approach presented here identifies those basins that are most prone to the largest debris-flow events and thus provides information necessary to prioritize areas for postfire erosion mitigation, warnings, and prefire management efforts throughout the Intermountain West. C1 [Cannon, Susan H.; Gartner, Joseph E.; Michael, John A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Rupert, Michael G.] US Geol Survey, Pueblo, CO 81003 USA. [Rea, Alan H.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Parrett, Charles] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Cannon, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cannon@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); National Fire Plan; CINDI FX This project received funding through a number of different sources including: the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landslide Hazards Program; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Regions 1 and 4 Adaptive Management Program of the National Fire Plan; USDA Region 5, the Joint Fire Science Program, and CINDI, the USGS Center for Integrated Disaster Information. Many thanks are due to William Savage, Tom Spittler, Jon Major, Jennifer Pierce, Jerry DeGraff, and Chris Magirl for insightful and constructive reviews, to Dennis Helsel for statistical advice, to Angie Bell for model testing, and to Steven P. Garcia, Brandon Thurston, Kenneth L. Pierce, Nicole Davis, and Catherine McDonald for data collection and compilation efforts. Particular thanks are owed to T.J. Clifford, Greg Kuyumjian, Charlie Luce, Deborah Martin, John Moody, and Paul Santi for their always enjoyable and enlightening discussions in the field. NR 63 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 22 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 144 DI 10.1130/B26459.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 539YI UT WOS:000273295200007 ER PT J AU Brezinski, DK Cecil, CB Skema, VW AF Brezinski, David K. Cecil, C. Blaine Skema, Viktoras W. TI Late Devonian glacigenic and associated facies from the central Appalachian Basin, eastern United States SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AMERICA; STRATIGRAPHY; GLACIATION; SEQUENCES; BOUNDARY; SUPERCONTINENT; CONSEQUENCES; PRESERVATION; GONDWANALAND; LITHOFACIES AB Late Devonian strata in the eastern United States are generally considered as having been deposited under warm tropical conditions. However, a stratigraphically restricted Late Devonian succession of diamictite-mudstone-sandstone within the Spechty Kopf and Rockwell Formations that extends for more than 400 km along depositional strike within the central Appalachian Basin may indicate otherwise. This lithologic association unconformably overlies the Catskill Formation, where a 3- to 5-m-thick interval of deformed strata occurs immediately below the diamictite strata. The diamictite facies consists of several subfacies; that are interpreted to be subglacial, englacial, supraglacial meltout, and resedimented deposits. The mudstone facies that overlies the diamictite consists of subfacies of chaotically bedded, clast-poor mudstone, and laminated mudstone subfacies that represent subaqueous proximal debris flows and distal glaciolacustrine rhythmites or varvites, respectively. The pebbly sandstone facies; is interpreted as proglacial braided outwash deposits that both preceded glacial advance and followed glacial retreat. Both the tectonic and depositional frameworks suggest that the facies were deposited in a terrestrial setting within the Appalachian foreland basin during a single glacial advance and retreat. Regionally, areas that were not covered by ice were subject to increased rainfall as indicated by wet-climate paleosols. River systems eroded deeper channels in response to sea-level drop during glacial advance. Marine facies to the west contain iceborne dropstone boulders preserved within contemporaneous units of the Cleveland Shale Member of the Ohio Shale. The stratigraphic interval correlative with sea-level drop, climate change, and glacigenic succession represents one of the Appalachian Basin's most prolific oil- and gas-producing intervals and is contemporaneous with a global episode of sea-level drop responsible for the deposition of the Hangenberg Shale/Sandstone of Europe. This interval records the Hangenberg biotic crisis near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. C1 [Brezinski, David K.] Maryland Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cecil, C. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 21092 USA. [Skema, Viktoras W.] Penn Geol Survey, Harrisburg, PA 17111 USA. RP Brezinski, DK (reprint author), Maryland Geol Survey, 2300 St Paul St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM dbrezinski@dnr.state.md.us NR 87 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 265 EP 281 DI 10.1130/B26556.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 539YI UT WOS:000273295200015 ER PT J AU Snow, CA Wakabayashi, J Ernst, WG Wooden, JL AF Snow, Cameron A. Wakabayashi, John Ernst, W. G. Wooden, Joseph L. TI Detrital zircon evidence for progressive underthrusting in Franciscan metagraywackes, west-central California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; COAST RANGES; PETROTECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; IGNEOUS BLOCKS; SIERRA-NEVADA; COMPLEX; ARC AB We present new U/Pb ages for detrital zircons separated from six quartzose metagraywackes collected from different Franciscan Complex imbricate nappes around San Francisco Bay. All six rocks contain a broad spread of Late Jurassic-Cretaceous grains originating from the Klamath-Sierra Nevada volcanic-plutonic arc. Units young structurally downward, consistent with models of progressive underplating and offscraping within a subduction complex. The youngest specimen is from the structurally lowest San Bruno Mountain sheet; at 52 Ma, it evidently was deposited during the Eocene. None of the other metagraywackes yielded zircon ages younger than 83 Ma. Zircons from both El Cerrito units are dominated by ca. 100-160 Ma grains; the upper El Cerrito also contains several grains in the 1200-1800 Ma interval. These samples are nearly identical to 97 Ma metasedimentary rock from the Hunters Point shear zone. Zircon ages from this melange block exhibit a broad distribution, ranging from 97 to 200 Ma, with only a single pre-Mesozoic age. The Albany Hill specimen has a distribution of pre-Mesozoic grains from 1300 to 1800 Ma, generally similar to that of the upper El Cerrito sheet; however, it contains zircons as young as 83 Ma, suggesting that it is significantly younger than the upper El Cerrito unit. The Skaggs Spring Schist is the oldest studied unit; its youngest analyzed grains were ca. 144 Ma, and it is the only investigated specimen to display a significant Paleozoic detrital component. Sedimentation and subduction-accretion of this tract of the trench complex took place along the continental margin during Early to early-Late Cretaceous time, and perhaps into Eocene time. Franciscan and Great Valley deposition attests to erosion of an Andean arc that was active over the entire span from ca. 145 to 80 Ma, with an associated accretionary prism built by progressive underthrusting. We use these new data to demonstrate that the eastern Franciscan Complex in the northern and central Coast Ranges is a classic accretionary prism, where younger, structurally lower allochthons are exposed on the west, and older, structurally higher allochthons occur to the east, in the heavily studied San Francisco Bay area. C1 [Snow, Cameron A.] Apache Corp, Explorat & Prod Technol, Houston, TX 77056 USA. [Wakabayashi, John] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Ernst, W. G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wooden, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Snow, CA (reprint author), Apache Corp, Explorat & Prod Technol, 2000 Post Oak Blvd,Suite 100, Houston, TX 77056 USA. EM cameron.snow@gmail.com FU USGS [04HQAG0105, 05HQAG0075]; Stanford University FX The new zircon U/Pb research is an outgrowth of work that was partly supported by USGS Education Mapping Program grants 04HQAG0105 and 05HQAG0075, as well as by Stanford University. We thank Frank Mazdab and Bettina Weigand for help with the sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) analyses and data reduction. Ray Ingersoll, Trevor Dumitru, and Steve Graham provided constructive feedback on a draft version of the paper. We are grateful to the aforementioned institutions, agencies, and scientists for support. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 282 EP 291 DI 10.1130/B26399.1 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 539YI UT WOS:000273295200016 ER PT J AU Aiello, IW Bekins, BA AF Aiello, Ivano W. Bekins, Barbara A. TI Milankovitch-scale correlations between deeply buried microbial populations and blogenic ooze lithology SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSEAFLOOR SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ARCHAEA AB The recent discoveries of large, active populations of microbes in the subseafloor of the world's oceans supports the impact of the deep biosphere biota on global biogeochemical cycles and raises important questions concerning the functioning of these extreme environments for life. These investigations demonstrated that subseafloor microbes are unevenly distributed and that cell abundances and metabolic activities are often independent from sediment depths, with increased prokaryotic activity at geochemical and/or sedimentary interfaces. In this study we demonstrate that microbial populations vary, at the scale of individual beds in the biogenic oozes of a drill site in the eastern equatorial Pacific (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 201, Site 1226). We relate bedding-scale changes in biogenic ooze sediment composition to organic carbon (OC) and microbial cell concentrations using high-resolution color reflectance data as proxy for lithology. Our analyses demonstrate that microbial concentrations are an order of magnitude higher in the more organic-rich diatom oozes than in the nannofossil oozes. The variations mimic small-scale variations in diatom abundance and OC, indicating that the modern distribution of microbial biomass is ultimately controlled by Milankovitch-frequency variations in past oceanographic conditions. C1 [Aiello, Ivano W.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Aiello, IW (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pob 450, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM iaiello@mlml.calstate.edu; babekins@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1130/G30207.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 540PE UT WOS:000273346200020 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Wicks, C AF Lu, Zhong Wicks, Charles, Jr. TI Characterizing 6 August 2007 Crandall Canyon mine collapse from ALOS PALSAR InSAR SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK LA English DT Article AB We used ALOS InSAR images to study land surface deformation over the Crandall Canyon mine in Utah, which collapsed on 6 August 2007 and killed six miners. The collapse was registered as a M-L 3.9 seismic event. An InSAR image spanning the time of the collapse shows 25-30 cm surface subsidence over the mine. We used distributed dislocation sources to model the deformation field, and found that a collapse source model alone does not adequately fit the deformation field. Normal faulting is also required, such that the event is best characterized as a 'trapdoor' collapse. The calculated moment of the normal fault is about the same as the moment of the collapse source, with each larger than the seismically computed moment. Our InSAR results, including the location of the event, the extent of the collapsed area, and constraints on the shearing component of the deformation source, all confirm and extend recent seismic studies of the 6 August 2007 event. C1 [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Wicks, Charles, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. EM lu@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1947-5705 J9 GEOMAT NAT HAZ RISK JI Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1080/19475701003648077 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA V24MJ UT WOS:000208414200007 ER PT J AU Riedel, M Lee, MW Bellefleur, G AF Riedel, M. Lee, M. W. Bellefleur, G. BE Riedel, M Willoughby, EC Chopra, S TI Inversion of Seismic Data for Elastic Parameters: A Tool for Gas-hydrate Characterization SO GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GAS HYDRATES SE Geophysical Developments Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WAVE-FORM INVERSION; IMPEDANCE INVERSION; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; ACOUSTIC-IMPEDANCE; MACKENZIE DELTA; SEDIMENTS; CONSTRAINTS; SEISMOGRAMS; SATURATION; ANOMALIES AB This paper reviews various seismic inversion techniques (amplitude-versus-offset [AVO], acoustic and elastic impedance, prestack waveform inversion) for assessing elastic parameters of sediments and more specifically hydrate-bearing sediments. Several theoretical approaches are described, and examples of the application of the inversion schemes to assess gas-hydrate deposits in three different geologic environments are compared. The first example is from a permafrost-related gas-hydrate deposit at Mallik, the second example is from the Blake Ridge offshore Carolina (location of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 164), and the third example is from the Gulf of Mexico (Atwater Valley and Keathley Canyon). The techniques used in these areas are band-limited acoustic impedance inversion (Mallik), poststack elastic impedance inversion (Blake Ridge), and a hybrid inversion scheme, utilizing prestack waveform inversion with poststack AVO inversion (Gulf of Mexico). C1 [Riedel, M.] Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Lee, M. W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Bellefleur, G.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Riedel, M (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. EM mriedel@nrcan.gc.ca; gbellefl@nrcan.gc.ca NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA PO BOX 702740, TULSA, OK 74170 USA BN 978-1-56080-218-1 J9 GEOPHYS DEV SER PY 2010 IS 14 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1190/1.9781560802197.ch7 D2 10.1190/1.9781560802197 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BC7TA UT WOS:000355201100008 ER PT J AU Goldberg, DS Kleinberg, RL Weinberger, JL Malinverno, A McLellan, PJ Collett, TS AF Goldberg, David S. Kleinberg, Robert L. Weinberger, Jill L. Malinverno, Alberto McLellan, Pat J. Collett, Timothy S. BE Riedel, M Willoughby, EC Chopra, S TI Evaluation of Natural Gas-hydrate Systems Using Borehole Logs SO GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GAS HYDRATES SE Geophysical Developments Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEARING SEDIMENTS; SEISMIC VELOCITIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MACKENZIE DELTA; BLAKE RIDGE; MEXICO; ATTENUATION; STABILITY; EQUATION C1 [Goldberg, David S.; Weinberger, Jill L.; Malinverno, Alberto] Borehole Res, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Kleinberg, Robert L.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [McLellan, Pat J.] Adv Geotechnol Inc, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Goldberg, DS (reprint author), Borehole Res, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NR 106 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA PO BOX 702740, TULSA, OK 74170 USA BN 978-1-56080-218-1 J9 GEOPHYS DEV SER PY 2010 IS 14 BP 239 EP 261 DI 10.1190/1.9781560802197.ch16 D2 10.1190/1.9781560802197 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BC7TA UT WOS:000355201100017 ER PT J AU Wynn, JC Snyder, DD AF Wynn, J. C. Snyder, D. D. TI Comment on "Benefits of the induced polarization geoelectric method to hydrocarbon exploration" (P. Veeken, P. J. Legeydo, Y. A. Davidenko, E. O. Kudryavceva, S. A. Ivanov, and A. Chuyaev, 2009, Geophysics, 74, no. 2, B47-B59) SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE electromagnetic coupling; hydrocarbon reservoirs; terrestrial electricity ID COMPLEX RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS C1 [Wynn, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. [Snyder, D. D.] Snyder Geosci Inc, Grand Junction, CO USA. RP Wynn, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. EM jwynn@usgs.gov; skips@bresnan.net NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 75 IS 1 BP X1 EP X2 DI 10.1190/1.3268051 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 564WD UT WOS:000275247900039 ER PT J AU Damoah-Afari, P Ding, XL Lu, Z Li, ZW Omura, M AF Damoah-Afari, Peter Ding, Xiao-li Lu, Zhong Li, Zhiwei Omura, Makoto BE Imperatore, P Riccio, D TI Magnitude and Extent of Six Years of Land Subsidence in Shanghai Revealed by JERS-1 SAR Data SO GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, NEW ACHIEVEMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; CHINA; DEFORMATION C1 [Damoah-Afari, Peter; Ding, Xiao-li] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Li, Zhiwei] Cent S Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Omura, Makoto] Kochi Womens Univ, Kochi, Japan. RP Damoah-Afari, P (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-97-8 PY 2010 BP 477 EP 496 D2 10.5772/214 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD7YM UT WOS:000363695000026 ER PT J AU Haywood, AM Dowsett, HJ Otto-Bliesner, B Chandler, MA Dolan, AM Hill, DJ Lunt, DJ Robinson, MM Rosenbloom, N Salzmann, U Sohl, LE AF Haywood, A. M. Dowsett, H. J. Otto-Bliesner, B. Chandler, M. A. Dolan, A. M. Hill, D. J. Lunt, D. J. Robinson, M. M. Rosenbloom, N. Salzmann, U. Sohl, L. E. TI Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP): experimental design and boundary conditions (Experiment 1) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; PMIP2 COUPLED SIMULATIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; MID-PLIOCENE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SCALE FEATURES; COASTAL-PLAIN; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE AB In 2008 the temporal focus of the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project was expanded to include a model intercomparison for the mid-Pliocene warm period (3.29-2.97 million years ago). This project is referred to as PlioMIP (Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project). Two experiments have been agreed upon and comprise phase 1 of PlioMIP. The first (Experiment 1) will be performed with atmosphere-only climate models. The second (Experiment 2) will utilise fully coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed model intercomparison project description which documents the experimental design in a more detailed way than has previously been done in the literature. Specifically, this paper describes the experimental design and boundary conditions that will be utilised for Experiment 1 of PlioMIP. C1 [Haywood, A. M.; Dolan, A. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dowsett, H. J.; Robinson, M. M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Otto-Bliesner, B.; Rosenbloom, N.] CGD NCAR, CCR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chandler, M. A.; Sohl, L. E.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Chandler, M. A.; Sohl, L. E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Hill, D. J.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Lunt, D. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geol Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Lunt, D. J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, Cambs, England. [Salzmann, U.] Northumbria Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Haywood, AM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM earamh@leeds.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Dolan, Aisling/D-2625-2012; OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU USGS Office of Global Change; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/G009112/1]; Leverhulme Trust FX This work is a product of the US Geological Survey PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) Project and the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), which is part of the international Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). HD and MR thank the USGS Office of Global Change for their support. AH and DL acknowledge the UK Natural Environment Research Council for funding the UK contribution to PlioMIP (NERC Grant NE/G009112/1). AH acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for their support through the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize. NR 78 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 227 EP 242 DI 10.5194/gmd-3-227-2010 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 703FW UT WOS:000285964800012 ER PT S AU Varanka, D AF Varanka, Dalia BE Jiang, B Yao, X TI Interpolating a Consumption Variable for Scaling and Generalizing Potential Population Pressure on Urbanizing Natural Areas SO GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS AND MODELLING OF URBAN STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SE Geojournal Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Population pressure; Urbanization; Kriging ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; RESOLUTION; GEOGRAPHY; SURFACE; MODELS; GIS AB Measures of population pressure, referring in general to the stress upon the environment by human consumption of resources, are imperative for environmental sustainability studies and management. Development based on resource consumption is the predominant factor of population pressure. This paper presents a spatial model of population pressure by linking consumption associated with regional urbanism and ecosystem services. Maps representing relative geographic degree and extent of natural resource consumption and degree and extent of impacts on surrounding areas are new, and this research represents the theoretical research toward this goal. With development, such maps offer a visualization tool for planners of various services, amenities for people, and conservation planning for ecologist. Urbanization is commonly generalized by census numbers or impervious surface area. The potential geographical extent of urbanism encompasses the environmental resources of the surrounding region that sustain cities. This extent is interpolated using kriging of a variable based on population wealth data from the U.S. Census Bureau. When overlayed with land-use/land-cover data, the results indicate that the greatest estimates of population pressure fall within mixed forest areas. Mixed forest areas result from the spread of cedar woods in previously disturbed areas where further disturbance is then suppressed. Low density areas, such as suburbanization and abandoned farmland are characteristic of mixed forest areas. C1 US Geol Survey, Mid Continent Geog Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Varanka, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mid Continent Geog Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM dvaranka@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-5499 BN 978-90-481-8571-9 J9 GEOJOURNAL LIB PY 2010 VL 99 BP 293 EP 310 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8572-6_15 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8572-6 PG 18 WC Geography; Urban Studies SC Geography; Urban Studies GA BPH39 UT WOS:000278852700015 ER PT S AU Brewer, CA Hanchett, CL Buttenfield, BP Usery, EL AF Brewer, C. A. Hanchett, C. L. Buttenfield, B. P. Usery, E. L. GP ISPRS TI PERFORMANCE OF MAP SYMBOL AND LABEL DESIGN WITH FORMAT AND DISPLAY RESOLUTION OPTIONS THROUGH SCALE FOR THE NATIONAL MAP SO GEOSPATIAL DATA AND GEOVISUALIZATION: ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY, AND SOCIETY SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV / AutoCarto Annual Conference CY NOV 15-19, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE Map Design; Topographic Mapping; Multiscale; Multiresolution; The National Map ID TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION; REPRESENTATION AB Symbol and label design for U.S. topographic mapping using data from The National Map has been progressing, partly in support of research by Buttenfield and Stanislawski on hydrographic generalization, and is sponsored by CEGIS, the USGS Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science. The work also seeks to make the best use of GIS for map design that requires no hand-work to make custom adjustments for readable displays. Users of electronic topographic map products may use U.S. topographic maps in multiple media, so the robustness of the designs will be tested across varied landscape regimes and through scale. Maps from hydrographic subbasins in Missouri, West Virginia, Florida-Georgia, Colorado, Utah, Texas, and urban areas of Saint Louis, and Atlanta are evaluated at six scales from 1: 24,000 to 1:1,000,000. Map segments for the evaluation are selected to cover a wide sampling of symbol combinations and labeling challenges. Maps are examined on-screen in ArcGIS (MXD) and as a PDF export on-screen. Onscreen views are examined at 96 ppi, common for Windows desktop computer screens, and 130 ppi, representing the higher resolution that laptop computer screens offer. The goal of the work is to systematically refine the map symbols and labels so the resulting map performs well in all of these forms through all scales. C1 [Brewer, C. A.; Hanchett, C. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Buttenfield, B. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Usery, E. L.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Brewer, CA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cbrewer@psu.edu; chelsea.hanchett@gmail.com; babs@colorado.edu; usery@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 PN 4 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE1RS UT WOS:000368436900012 ER PT S AU Craun, KJ AF Craun, Kari J. GP ISPRS TI CREATION OF NEXT GENERATION US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS SO GEOSPATIAL DATA AND GEOVISUALIZATION: ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY, AND SOCIETY SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV / AutoCarto Annual Conference CY NOV 15-19, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE Mapping; GIS; Automation; Production; Framework Data; National; Digital; Vector; DEM/DTM; Orthoimage AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is 2 years into a 3-year cycle to create new digital topographic map products for the conterminous United States from data acquired and maintained as part of The National Map databases. These products are in the traditional, USGS topographic quadrangle, 7.5-minute (latitude and longitude) cell format. The 3-year cycle was conceived to follow the acquisition of National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) orthorectified imagery, a key layer in the new product. In fiscal year (FY) 2009 (ending September 30, 2009), the first year of the 3-year cycle, the USGS produced 13,200 products. These initial products of the "Digital Map-Beta" series had limited feature content, including only the NAIP image, some roads, geographic names, and grid and collar information. The products were created in layered georegistered Portable Document Format (PDF) files, allowing users with freely available Adobe (R) Reader (R) software to view, print, and perform simple Geographic Information System-like functions. In FY 2010 (ending September 30, 2010), the USGS produced 20,380 products. These products of the "US Topo" series added hydrography (surface water features), contours, and some boundaries. In FY 2011 (ending September 30, 2011), the USGS will complete the initial coverage with US Topo products and will add additional feature content to the maps. The design, development, and production associated with the US Topo products provide management and technical challenges for the USGS and its public and private sector partners. One challenge is the acquisition and maintenance of nationally consistent base map data from multiple sources. Another is the use of these data to create a consistent, current series of cartographic products that can be used by the broad spectrum of traditional topographic map users. Although the USGS and its partners have overcome many of these challenges, many, such as establishing and funding a sustainable base data-maintenance program, remain to be resolved for the long term. C1 [Craun, Kari J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Craun, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 PN 4 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE1RS UT WOS:000368436900017 ER PT S AU Kirk, RL Cook, DA Howington-Kraus, E Barrett, JM Becker, TL Neish, CD Thomson, BJ Bussey, DBJ AF Kirk, R. L. Cook, D. A. Howington-Kraus, E. Barrett, J. M. Becker, T. L. Neish, C. D. Thomson, B. J. Bussey, D. B. J. GP ISPRS TI RADARGRAMMETRY WITH CHANDRAYAAN-1 AND LRO MINI-RF IMAGES OF THE MOON SO GEOSPATIAL DATA AND GEOVISUALIZATION: ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY, AND SOCIETY SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV / AutoCarto Annual Conference CY NOV 15-19, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE planetary mapping; radargrammetry; lunar; triangulation; DTM ID LUNAR; POLE; ICE AB The Mini-RF investigation consists of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagers on the ISRO Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter and the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), with the primary objective of searching for water ice in permanent shadows at the lunar poles. We describe the software and techniques we have developed for radargrammetric analysis of the Mini-RF images, which enable us to make controlled image mosaics with relative and absolute positional accuracy an order of magnitude better than uncontrolled products, as well as digital topographic models (DTMs), and orthoimages. A primary motivation for such processing is to coregister the radar images as closely as possible to one another and to other datasets, so that detailed analyses (e.g., of putative ice deposits and of the LCROSS impact site) can be made. Bundle adjustment and orthorectification have been implemented in the USGS cartographic software package ISIS and will be available to the research community in the near future. DTM production relies on the commercial stereo analysis software SOCET SET ((R) BAE Systems), with a rigorous sensor model written by us; images and metadata are prepared in ISIS. The resolution and vertical precision of the Mini-RF DTMs depend on the image resolution and convergence geometry. For images in zoom-mode (7.5 m/pixel, used for the majority of observations) viewing the site from opposing directions, a vertical precision of similar to 10 m and horizontal resolution of 50-200 m has been achieved. The zoom mode data, with intermediate resolution between those of the LROC narrow-angle and wide-angle cameras, are also well suited for completing a uniform global topographic model of the Moon by filling in km-scale gaps between LOLA altimetry tracks in the equatorial zone with controlled stereo DTMs. C1 [Kirk, R. L.; Cook, D. A.; Howington-Kraus, E.; Barrett, J. M.; Becker, T. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Neish, C. D.; Thomson, B. J.; Bussey, D. B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Kirk, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM rkirk@usgs.gov; dcook@usgs.gov; ahowington@usgs.gov; jbarrett@usgs.gov; tbecker@usgs.gov; catherine.neish@jhuapl.edu; bradley.thomson@jhuapl.edu; ben.bussey@jhuapl.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 PN 4 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE1RS UT WOS:000368436900043 ER PT S AU Stanislawski, LV Buttenfield, BP AF Stanislawski, Lawrence V. Buttenfield, Barbara P. GP ISPRS TI HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURE GENERALIZATION IN DRY MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN SO GEOSPATIAL DATA AND GEOVISUALIZATION: ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY, AND SOCIETY SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV / AutoCarto Annual Conference CY NOV 15-19, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE automated generalization; National Hydrography Dataset; coefficient of line correspondence AB A wide variety of climate and terrain conditions exist in the United States and optimal cartographic generalization techniques for one area of the country may not be suitable for another, particularly when working with surface hydrographic data. This paper presents generalization and data modelling to produce reduced scale versions of hydrographic data for a multi-resolution national data set, The National Map, of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The approach distinguishes regional differences in geographic factors to demonstrate that knowledge about varying terrain and climate conditions can support the design of tailored generalization operations that preserve distinct hydrographic patterns. Hydrographic generalization procedures are being tailored for different terrain (mountainous, hilly, and flat) and climate (humid and dry) conditions within the United States. We demonstrate using a sequence of automated generalization operations tailored for a dry mountainous subbasin watershed of the United States National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). NHD data for the subbasin, compiled from 1: 24,000-scale source material, were generalized to create hydrographic data that are appropriate for cartographic mapping at scales between about 1: 50,000 and 1: 200,000. Generalization results are metrically compared to a 1: 100,000-scale NHD benchmark through the Coefficient of Line Correspondence (CLC) and the Coefficient of Area Correspondence (CAC). Confidence intervals for the CLC and CAC are generated through a non-parametric bootstrapping approach. These metrics and associated confidence intervals can help establish the geographic extents that are suitable for each set of tailored generalization procedures. C1 [Stanislawski, Lawrence V.] US Geol Survey, CEGIS, ATA Serv, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Buttenfield, Barbara P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stanislawski, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CEGIS, ATA Serv, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM lstan@usgs.gov; babs@colorado.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 PN 4 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE1RS UT WOS:000368436900074 ER PT S AU Tran, T Rosiek, MR Beyer, RA Mattson, S Howington-Kraus, E Robinson, MS Archinal, BA Edmundson, K Harbour, D Anderson, E AF Tran, T. Rosiek, M. R. Beyer, Ross A. Mattson, S. Howington-Kraus, E. Robinson, M. S. Archinal, B. A. Edmundson, K. Harbour, D. Anderson, E. CA LROC Sci Team GP ISPRS TI GENERATING DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS USING LROC NAC IMAGES SO GEOSPATIAL DATA AND GEOVISUALIZATION: ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY, AND SOCIETY SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV / AutoCarto Annual Conference CY NOV 15-19, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE DTM; LROC; topography; Moon; mapping ID LUNAR; MISSION AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) consists of one Wide Angle Camera (WAC) for synoptic multispectral imaging and two Narrow Angle Cameras (NAC) to provide high-resolution images (0.5 to 2.0 m pixel scale) of key targets. LROC was not designed as a stereo system, but can obtain stereo pairs through images acquired from two orbits (with at least one off-nadir slew). Off-nadir rolls interfere with the data collection of the other instruments, so during the nominal mission LROC slew opportunities are limited to three per day. This work describes a methodology of DTM generation from LROC stereo pairs and provides a preliminary error analysis of those results. DTMs are important data products that can be used to analyze the terrain and surface of the Moon for scientific and engineering purposes. As of 12 September 2010, we have processed 30 NAC stereo pairs to DTMs with absolute control to the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) dataset. For the high-resolution stereo images (similar to 0.5 mpp) from the primary phase, the DTM vertical precision error and the elevation fitting error to the LOLA data is expected to be less than 1 meter. For the lower resolution stereo images (similar to 1.5 mpp) from the commissioning phase, the vertical precision error and elevation fitting error is expected to be 3 meters. This does not include an estimate of absolute error at this time. This will be included when the final LOLA data is available. There are six independent groups generating DTMs (ASU, DLR/TUB, UA, USGS, OSU, and Ames), and collaboration will result in a detailed error analysis that will allow us to fully understand the capabilities of the DTMs made from LROC datasets. C1 [Tran, T.; Robinson, M. S.; Anderson, E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rosiek, M. R.; Howington-Kraus, E.; Archinal, B. A.; Edmundson, K.; Harbour, D.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Beyer, Ross A.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Beyer, Ross A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Mattson, S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tran, T (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, 1100 S Cady, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM thanh.n.tran@asu.edu; mrosiek@usgs.gov; Ross.A.Beyer@nasa.gov; ahowington@usgs.gov; barchinal@usgs.gov; kedmundson@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 PN 4 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE1RS UT WOS:000368436900081 ER PT S AU Varanka, D Jerris, TJ AF Varanka, Dalia Jerris, Thomas J. GP ISPRS TI COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURE ONTOLOGY PATTERNS SO GEOSPATIAL DATA AND GEOVISUALIZATION: ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY, AND SOCIETY SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of ISPRS Commission IV / AutoCarto Annual Conference CY NOV 15-19, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE ontology patterns; complex features; topographic features; linked-data model AB Semantic ontologies are examined as effective data models for the representation of complex topographic feature types. Complex feature types are viewed as integrated relations between basic features for a basic purpose. In the context of topographic science, such component assemblages are supported by resource systems and found on the local landscape. Ontologies are organized within six thematic modules of a domain ontology called Topography that includes within its sphere basic feature types, resource systems, and landscape types. Context is constructed not only as a spatial and temporal setting, but a setting also based on environmental processes. Types of spatial relations that exist between components include location, generative processes, and description. An example is offered in a complex feature type 'mine.' The identification and extraction of complex feature types are an area for future research. C1 [Varanka, Dalia; Jerris, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Varanka, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM dvaranka@usgs.gov; tjerris@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 PN 4 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE1RS UT WOS:000368436900085 ER PT B AU Usery, EL Choi, J Finn, MP AF Usery, E. Lynn Choi, Jinmu Finn, Michael P. BE Showalter, PS Lu, Y TI Modeling Sea-Level Rise and Surge in Low-Lying Urban Areas Using Spatial Data, Geographic Information Systems, and Animation Methods SO GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES IN URBAN HAZARD AND DISASTER ANALYSIS SE Geotechnologies and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Map projection; Global GIS data; Urban GIS data; Sea level rise; Modeling; Animation ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; ANTARCTICA AB Spatial datasets including elevation, land cover, and population of urban areas provide a basis for modeling and animating sea-level rise and surges resulting from storms and other catastrophic events. With a geographic information system (GIS), elevation data can be used to determine urban areas with large population numbers and densities in low-lying areas subject to inundation from rising water. This chapter provides details of the analysis and modeling procedure, as well as animations for specific areas of the world that are at risk from inundation from moderate rises or surges of sea level. The work is not an attempt to predict sea-level rise, but rather a methodological study of how to use GIS data layers to create the models and animations. Whereas global sea level rise is currently measured by millimeters per year, this work examines theoretical rise measured in meters as well as coastal threats posed by tsunamis, such as occurred in the Indian Ocean in 2004. Global, regional, and local animations can be created using widely available elevation, land cover, and population data. The models and animations provide a basis for determining areas with large population numbers in relatively low-lying areas and potentially subject to inundation risk, as was the case when Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans. This determination can provide a basis for more detailed modeling and policy planning such as development and evacuation. C1 [Usery, E. Lynn; Finn, Michael P.] US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Choi, Jinmu] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Usery, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM usery@usgs.gov; jc778@msstate.edu; mfinn@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-2237-0 J9 GEOTECH ENVIRON PY 2010 VL 2 BP 11 EP 30 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2238-7_2 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2238-7 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Geology; Urban Studies GA BMM11 UT WOS:000272785600002 ER PT B AU Rochon, GL Quansah, JE Fall, S Araya, B Biehl, LL Thiam, T Ghani, S Rakotomalala, L Rochon, HS Valcarcel, AT Mbongo, BH Jung, JH Grant, D Kim, W Maud, ARM Maringanti, C AF Rochon, Gilbert L. Quansah, Joseph E. Fall, Souleymane Araya, Bereket Biehl, Larry L. Thiam, Thierno Ghani, Sohaib Rakotomalala, Lova Rochon, Hildred S. Valcarcel, Angel Torres Mbongo, Bertin Hilaire Jung, Jinha Grant, Darion Kim, Wonkook Maud, Abdur Rahman M. Maringanti, Chetan BE HoalstPullen, N Patterson, MW TI Remote Sensing, Public Health & Disaster Mitigation SO GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SE Geotechnologies and the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Remote Sensing; Public Health; Infectious Disease Vector Habitat; Environmental Health; Climate Change; Africa; Cytometry for Life; C4L; IndianaView; AmericaView; Purdue Terrestrial Observatory; Disasters; Sustainability; Geotechnologies ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; REGIONAL-CLIMATE MODEL; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; TSETSE-FLIES; RISK-FACTORS; LANDSAT-TM; EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATIONS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES AB The authors review advances in applications for geotechnologies, specifically earth-observing satellite remote sensing, geo-positioning (i.e. USA's Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS), Europe's Galileo and China's Beidou/Compass) and selected geo-spatial modeling software for public health and disaster management applications, with an emphasis on environmental health and environmental sustainability. Specific applications addressed include the use of remote sensing for infectious disease vector habitat identification and ecologically sustainable disease vector population mitigation, as well as the integration of GPS into mobile CD4 testing devices for HIV/AIDS. Public domain software models described include the Spatio-Temporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) and the Hydrologic Engineering River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) for flood modeling. Examples of regional, national and global real-time data acquisition and near-real-time data product development and distribution for time-critical events are offered, specifically through the Purdue Terrestrial Observatory (PTO), the United States Geological Survey (USGS) supported America View and the International Charter - Space & Major Disasters. C1 [Rochon, Gilbert L.; Jung, Jinha] Purdue Univ, Purdue Terr Observ, Rosen Ctr Adv Comp, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Araya, Bereket; Kim, Wonkook] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fall, Souleymane; Valcarcel, Angel Torres] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Araya, Bereket; Biehl, Larry L.; Thiam, Thierno; Ghani, Sohaib; Mbongo, Bertin Hilaire; Grant, Darion; Kim, Wonkook; Maud, Abdur Rahman M.; Maringanti, Chetan] Purdue Univ, Purdue Terr Observ, Rosen Ctr Adv Comp, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jung, Jinha] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mbongo, Bertin Hilaire; Maringanti, Chetan] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Maud, Abdur Rahman M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Quansah, Joseph E.] USGS Natl Wetland Res Ctr NRWC, IAPWS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Rakotomalala, Lova] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rakotomalala, Lova] Purdue Univ Cytometry Lab, Bindley Biosci Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rochon, GL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Purdue Terr Observ, Rosen Ctr Adv Comp, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rochon@purdue.edu; jquansah@usgs.gov; sfall@purdue.edu; mbereket@purdue.edu; biehl@purdue.edu; tthiam@purdue.edu; sghani@purdue.edu; lova.rakotomalala@gmail.com; rochon@purdue.edu; atorresv@purdue.edu; bmbongo@purdue.edu; jinha@purdue.edu; dsgrant@purdue.edu; wkkim@purdue.edu; amaud@purdue.edu; cmaringa@purdue.edu RI Grant, Darion/H-2207-2013 OI Grant, Darion/0000-0001-9527-7915 NR 114 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9524-4 J9 GEOTECH ENVIRON PY 2010 VL 3 BP 187 EP 209 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9525-1_11 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9525-1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BRM18 UT WOS:000283089400011 ER PT J AU Tadesse, T Wardlow, BD Hayes, MJ Svoboda, MD Brown, JF AF Tadesse, Tsegaye Wardlow, Brian D. Hayes, Michael J. Svoboda, Mark D. Brown, Jesslyn F. TI The Vegetation Outlook (VegOut): A New Method for Predicting Vegetation Seasonal Greenness SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; SATELLITE DATA; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; DROUGHT INDEXES; TIME-SERIES; PRECIPITATION; CLASSIFICATION; CLIMATE; NDVI AB The vegetation outlook (VegOut) is a geospatial tool for predicting general vegetation condition patterns across large areas. VegOut predicts a standardized seasonal greenness (SSG) measure, which represents a general indicator of relative vegetation health. VegOut predicts SSG values at multiple time steps (two to six weeks into the future) based on the analysis of "historical patterns" (i.e., patterns at each 1 km grid cell and time of the year) of satellite, climate, and oceanic data over an 18-year period (1989 to 2006). The model underlying VegOut capitalizes on historical climate-vegetation interactions and ocean-climate teleconnections (such as El Nino and the Southern Oscillation, ENSO) expressed over the 18-year data record and also considers several environmental characteristics (e. g., land use/cover type and soils) that influence vegetation's response to weather conditions to produce 1 km maps that depict future general vegetation conditions. VegOut provides regional-level vegetation monitoring capabilities with local-scale information (e. g., county to sub-county level) that can complement more traditional remote sensing-based approaches that monitor "current" vegetation conditions. In this paper, the VegOut approach is discussed and a case study over the central United States for selected periods of the 2008 growing season is presented to demonstrate the potential of this new tool for assessing and predicting vegetation conditions. C1 [Tadesse, Tsegaye; Wardlow, Brian D.; Hayes, Michael J.; Svoboda, Mark D.] Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Brown, Jesslyn F.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Tadesse, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, 811 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdredge St,POB 830988, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM ttadesse2@unl.edu RI Brown, Jesslyn/C-9888-2010; Tadesse, Tsegaye/O-7792-2015; OI Tadesse, Tsegaye/0000-0002-4102-1137; Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 FU USDA's Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) through the Risk Management Agency (RMA) under USDA partnership with the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln [02-IE-0831-0228] FX This study is supported in part by the USDA's Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) through the Risk Management Agency (RMA) under USDA partnership (02-IE-0831-0228) with the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The climate data used in this study were acquired with the help of Bill Sorensen and Jun Li from the High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC) at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The authors thank Dan Steinwand, Yingxin Gu, Shahriar Pervez, and others at the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources and Observation Science (EROS) Center for delivering the satellite data, irrigation model data, and MapCubist software code. We would also like to acknowledge Karin Callahan, Soren Scott, and Chris Poulsen of the NDMC for processing the biophysical, climate, and satellite data. We also thank Bruce Wylie and Limin Yang at USGS EROS, as well as the anonymous reviewers for providing important suggestions to improve the manuscript. Lastly, we thank Deborah Wood of the NDMC for her editorial comments. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 11 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 25 EP 52 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.47.1.25 PG 28 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 576AV UT WOS:000276116800002 ER PT J AU Mladinich, CS AF Mladinich, Carol S. TI An Evaluation of Object-Oriented Image Analysis Techniques to Identify Motorized Vehicle Effects in Semi-arid to Arid Ecosystems of the American West SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RECREATION MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC LANDS AB Human disturbance is a leading ecosystem stressor. Human-induced modifications include transportation networks, areal disturbances due to resource extraction, and recreation activities. High-resolution imagery and object-oriented classification rather than pixel-based techniques have successfully identified roads, buildings, and other anthropogenic features. Three commercial, automated feature-extraction software packages (Visual Learning Systems' Feature Analyst, ENVI Feature-Extraction, and Definiens Developer) were evaluated by comparing their ability to effectively detect the disturbed surface patterns from motorized vehicle traffic. Each package achieved overall accuracies in the 70% range, demonstrating the potential to map the surface patterns. The Definiens classification was more consistent and statistically valid. C1 US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Mladinich, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, POB 25046,Mail Stop 516, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM csmladinich@usgs.gov FU USGS Land Remote Sensing Program FX Funding for the study was provided by the USGS Land Remote Sensing Program. I want to thank Adam O'Connor (ITT Visual Information Solutions, Boulder, CO) for the FX evaluation license. I also thank Terry Slonecker, Todd Hawbaker, Jay Diffendorfer (USGS), and anonymous peer reviewers of the manuscript, as well as Susan Stitt and Jean Dupre (co-investigators on the original USGS Pi on Canyon project). NR 67 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1548-1603 EI 1943-7226 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 BP 53 EP 77 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.47.1.53 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 576AV UT WOS:000276116800003 ER PT J AU McDowell, NG Allen, CD Marshall, L AF McDowell, Nate G. Allen, Craig D. Marshall, Laura TI Growth, carbon-isotope discrimination, and drought-associated mortality across a Pinus ponderosa elevational transect SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE altitude; climate change; die-off; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; water availability ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CO2 TRANSFER CONDUCTANCE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; TREE-RINGS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS AB Drought- and insect-associated tree mortality at low-elevation ecotones is a widespread phenomenon but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Enhanced growth sensitivity to climate is widely observed among trees that die, indicating that a predisposing physiological mechanism(s) underlies tree mortality. We tested three, linked hypotheses regarding mortality using a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) elevation transect that experienced low-elevation mortality following prolonged drought. The hypotheses were: (1) mortality was associated with greater growth sensitivity to climate, (2) mortality was associated with greater sensitivity of gas exchange to climate, and (3) growth and gas exchange were correlated. Support for all three hypotheses would indicate that mortality results at least in part from gas exchange constraints. We assessed growth using basal area increment normalized by tree basal area [basal area increment (BAI)/basal area (BA)] to account for differences in tree size. Whole-crown gas exchange was indexed via estimates of the CO(2) partial pressure difference between leaf and atmosphere (p(a)-p(c)) derived from tree ring carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C), corrected for temporal trends in atmospheric CO(2) and delta(13)C and elevation trends in pressure. Trees that survived the drought exhibited strong correlations among and between BAI, BAI/BA, p(a)-p(c), and climate. In contrast, trees that died exhibited greater growth sensitivity to climate than trees that survived, no sensitivity of p(a)-p(c) to climate, and a steep relationship between p(a)-p(c) and BAI/BA. The p(a)-p(c) results are consistent with predictions from a theoretical hydraulic model, suggesting trees that died had a limited buffer between mean water availability during their lifespan and water availability during drought - i.e., chronic water stress. It appears that chronic water stress predisposed low-elevation trees to mortality during drought via constrained gas exchange. Continued intensification of drought in mid-latitude regions may drive increased mortality and ecotone shifts in temperate forests and woodlands. C1 [McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Marshall, Laura] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov FU Western Mountain Initiative; DOE-Office of Science; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX We appreciate the field assistance of Kay Beeley (Bandelier National Monument), Rebecca Oertel (USGS Jemez Mts. Field Station), and over 20 Student Conservation Association interns since 1991. Chris Baisan (Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona) provided invaluable cross-dating of the increment cores for this study and advice on autocorrelation. We appreciate the careful mass spectrometry efforts of the stable isotope laboratory in the Earth and Environmental Sciences Division at LANL. We benefited from the detailed comments provided by Jeff Amthor, Tom Kolb and John Marshall on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was funded through the Western Mountain Initiative of the USGS Global Change Program (C. D. A.), DOE-Office of Science-Global Change Education Program (L. M.), DOE-Office of Science-Program for Ecosystem Research (N.M.), and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Los Alamos National Laboratory (N.M.). All experiments conducted within this project comply with the laws of the United States of America. NR 122 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01994.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EV UT WOS:000274419200032 ER PT J AU Wood, WW Clark, D Imes, JL Councell, TB AF Wood, Warren W. Clark, David Imes, Jeffrey L. Councell, Terry B. TI Eolian Transport of Geogenic Hexavalent Chromium to Ground Water SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID ARABIAN PENINSULA; ULTRAMAFIC SOILS; ABU-DHABI; DUST AB A conceptual model of eolian transport is proposed to address the widely distributed, high concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) observed in ground water in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Concentrations (30 to more than 1000 mu g/L Cr+6) extend over thousands of square kilometers of ground water systems. It is hypothesized that the Cr is derived from weathering of chromium-rich pyroxenes and olivines present in ophiolite sequence of the adjacent Oman (Hajar) Mountains. Cr+3 in the minerals is oxidized to Cr+6 by reduction of manganese and is subsequently sorbed on iron and manganese oxide coatings of particles. When the surfaces of these particles are abraded in this arid environment, they release fine, micrometer-sized, coated particles that are easily transported over large distances by wind and subsequently deposited on the surface. During ground water recharge events, the readily soluble Cr+6 is mobilized by rain water and transported by advective flow into the underlying aquifer. Chromium analyses of ground water, rain, dust, and surface (soil) deposits are consistent with this model, as are electron probe analyses of clasts derived from the eroding Oman ophiolite sequence. Ground water recharge flux is proposed to exercise some control over Cr+6 concentration in the aquifer. C1 [Wood, Warren W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Clark, David; Imes, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, NDC Dept State, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. [Councell, Terry B.] USDA, AMS, S&T, Monitoring Program Off,Pesticides Off, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 206 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wwwood@msu.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00592.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 536SX UT WOS:000273065200010 PM 19563424 ER PT J AU Landmeyer, JE Bradley, PM Trego, DA Hale, KG Haas, JE AF Landmeyer, James E. Bradley, Paul M. Trego, Donald A. Hale, Kevin G. Haas, Joseph E., II TI MTBE, TBA, and TAME Attenuation in Diverse Hyporheic Zones SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER INTERFACE; GROUND-WATER; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS; BIODEGRADATION; STREAM; SEDIMENTS; MICROORGANISMS; TRENDS; FIELD AB Groundwater contamination by fuel-related compounds such as the fuel oxygenates methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) presents a significant issue to managers and consumers of groundwater and surface water that receives groundwater discharge. Four sites were investigated on Long Island, New York, characterized by groundwater contaminated with gasoline and fuel oxygenates that ultimately discharge to fresh, brackish, or saline surface water. For each site, contaminated groundwater discharge zones were delineated using pore water geochemistry data from 15 feet (4.5 m) beneath the bottom of the surface water body in the hyporheic zone and seepage-meter tests were conducted to measure discharge rates. These data when combined indicate that MTBE, TBA, and TAME concentrations in groundwater discharge in a 5-foot (1.5-m) thick section of the hyporheic zone were attenuated between 34% and 95%, in contrast to immeasurable attenuation in the shallow aquifer during contaminant transport between 0.1 and 1.5 miles (0.1 to 2.4 km). The attenuation observed in the hyporheic zone occurred primarily by physical processes such as mixing of groundwater and surface water. Biodegradation also occurred as confirmed in laboratory microcosms by the mineralization of U- 14C-MTBE and U-14C-TBA to 14CO(2) and the novel biodegradation of U- 14C-TAME to 14CO(2) under oxic and anoxic conditions. The implication of fuel oxygenate attenuation observed in diverse hyporheic zones suggests an assessment of the hyporheic zone attenuation potential (HZAP) merits inclusion as part of site assessment strategies associated with monitored or engineered attenuation. C1 [Landmeyer, James E.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Trego, Donald A.] Environm Assessment & Remediat, Patchogue, NY 11772 USA. [Hale, Kevin G.; Haas, Joseph E., II] SUNY Stony Brook, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM jlandmey@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; American Petroleum Institute FX This study was supported by funds from the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation through an agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program, and the American Petroleum Institute through a Technical Assistance Agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey. Additional thanks are given to personnel with Environmental Assessment & Remediations Inc. The final version of the paper greatly benefited through incorporation of the comments from four anonymous reviewers. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00608.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 536SX UT WOS:000273065200011 PM 19664047 ER PT J AU Konikow, LF AF Konikow, L. F. TI Representing Pump-Capacity Relations in Groundwater Simulation Models SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID WELLS; FLOW AB The yield (or discharge) of constant-speed pumps varies with the total dynamic head (or lift) against which the pump is discharging. The variation in yield over the operating range of the pump may be substantial. In groundwater simulations that are used for management evaluations or other purposes, where predictive accuracy depends on the reliability of future discharge estimates, model reliability may be enhanced by including the effects of head-capacity (or pump-capacity) relations on the discharge from the well. A relatively simple algorithm has been incorporated into the widely used MODFLOW groundwater flow model that allows a model user to specify head-capacity curves. The algorithm causes the model to automatically adjust the pumping rate each time step to account for the effect of drawdown in the cell and changing lift, and will shut the pump off if lift exceeds a critical value. The algorithm is available as part of a new multinode well package (MNW2) for MODFLOW. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Konikow, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lkonikow@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00619.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 536SX UT WOS:000273065200018 PM 19732161 ER PT J AU Cohen, D Person, M Wang, P Gable, CW Hutchinson, D Marksamer, A Dugan, B Kooi, H Groen, K Lizarralde, D Evans, RL Day-Lewis, FD Lane, JW AF Cohen, Denis Person, Mark Wang, Peng Gable, Carl W. Hutchinson, Deborah Marksamer, Andee Dugan, Brandon Kooi, Henk Groen, Koos Lizarralde, Daniel Evans, Robert L. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Lane, John W., Jr. TI Origin and Extent of Fresh Paleowaters on the Atlantic Continental Shelf, USA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; OFFSHORE NEW-JERSEY; NANTUCKET-ISLAND; NEW-YORK; UNITED-STATES; LONG-ISLAND; FLUID-FLOW; MASSACHUSETTS; SEA AB While the existence of relatively fresh groundwater sequestered within permeable, porous sediments beneath the Atlantic continental shelf of North and South America has been known for some time, these waters have never been assessed as a potential resource. This fresh water was likely emplaced during Pleistocene sea-level low stands when the shelf was exposed to meteoric recharge and by elevated recharge in areas overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet at high latitudes. To test this hypothesis, we present results from a high-resolution paleohydrologic model of groundwater flow, heat and solute transport, ice sheet loading, and sea level fluctuations for the continental shelf from New Jersey to Maine over the last 2 million years. Our analysis suggests that the presence of fresh to brackish water within shallow Miocene sands more than 100 km offshore of New Jersey was facilitated by discharge of submarine springs along Baltimore and Hudson Canyons where these shallow aquifers crop out. Recharge rates four times modern levels were computed for portions of New England's continental shelf that were overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet during the last glacial maximum. We estimate the volume of emplaced Pleistocene continental shelf fresh water (less than 1 ppt) to be 1300 km3 in New England. We also present estimates of continental shelf fresh water resources for the U.S. Atlantic eastern seaboard (104 km3) and passive margins globally (3 x 105 km3). The simulation results support the hypothesis that offshore fresh water is a potentially valuable, albeit nonrenewable resource for coastal megacities faced with growing water shortages. C1 [Person, Mark] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Hydrol Program, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Cohen, Denis] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Peng] Indiana Univ, Univ Informat Technol Serv, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Gable, Carl W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hutchinson, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Marksamer, Andee] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Dugan, Brandon] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kooi, Henk; Groen, Koos] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lizarralde, Daniel; Evans, Robert L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lane, John W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Person, M (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Hydrol Program, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM mperson@nmt.edu RI Dugan, Brandon/A-2651-2011; Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; Cohen, Denis/P-2015-2016; OI Dugan, Brandon/0000-0002-2555-6430; Cohen, Denis/0000-0002-8262-9798; Evans, Robert/0000-0001-5585-0684; Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X; Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 FU U.S. National Science Foundation; Malcolm & Sylvia Boyce Endowment at Indiana University; NSF; New Mexico NMCAC supercomputer center; USGS FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Malcolm & Sylvia Boyce Endowment at Indiana University. We gratefully acknowledge computational support from the NSF Teragrid Program at Indiana University and the New Mexico NMCAC supercomputer center, and support from the USGS Groundwater Resources Program. We thank Jean-Michel Lemieux and Steve Ingebritsen for their thorough reviews of this paper. NR 97 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00627.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 536SX UT WOS:000273065200023 PM 19754848 ER PT J AU Ives, JA Moffett, JR Arun, P Lam, D Todorov, TI Brothers, AB Anick, DJ Centeno, J Namboodiri, MAA Jonas, WB AF Ives, John A. Moffett, John R. Arun, Peethambaran Lam, David Todorov, Todor I. Brothers, Andrea B. Anick, David J. Centeno, Jose Namboodiri, M. A. A. Jonas, Wayne B. TI Enzyme stabilization by glass-derived silicates in glass-exposed aqueous solutions SO HOMEOPATHY LA English DT Article DE Glass; Silica; Drug packaging; Enzyme activity; Homeopathy acetylcholine esterase ID KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; GENERATION; IMMOBILIZATION; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; GLUTAMATE; ALPHA; VIALS AB Objectives: To analyze the solutes leaching from glass containers into aqueous solutions, and to show that these solutes have enzyme activity stabilizing effects in very dilute solutions. Methods: Enzyme assays with acetylcholine esterase were used to analyze serially succussed and diluted (SSD) solutions prepared in glass and plastic containers. Aqueous SSD preparations starting with various solutes, or water alone, were prepared under several conditions, and tested for their solute content and their ability to affect enzyme stability in dilute solution. Results: We confirm that water acts to dissolve constituents from glass vials, and show that the solutes derived from the glass have effects on enzymes in the resultant solutions. Enzyme assays demonstrated that enzyme stability in purified and deionized water was enhanced in SSD solutions that were prepared in glass containers, but not those prepared in plastic. The increased enzyme stability could be mimicked in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of silicates to the purified, deionized water that enzymes were dissolved in. Elemental analyses of SSD water preparations made in glass vials showed that boron, silicon, and sodium were present at micromollar concentrations. Conclusions: These results show that silicates and other solutes are present at micromolar levels in all glass-exposed solutions, whether pharmaceutical or homeopathic in nature. Even though silicates are known to have biological activity at higher concentrations, the silicate concentrations we measured in homeopathic preparations were too low to account for any purported in vivo efficacy, but could potentially influence in vitro biological assays reporting homeopathic effects. Homeopathy (2010) 99, 15-24. C1 [Ives, John A.; Jonas, Wayne B.] Samueli Inst, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Moffett, John R.; Arun, Peethambaran; Lam, David; Namboodiri, M. A. A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Todorov, Todor I.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Brothers, Andrea B.] AB Bros Microscopy, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Anick, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, McLean Hosp, Belmont, MA 02478 USA. [Centeno, Jose] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Ives, JA (reprint author), Samueli Inst, 1737 King St,Suite 600, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM jives@siib.org FU Samueli Institute, Alexandria, VA, USA FX This work supported by the Samueli Institute, Alexandria, VA, USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1475-4916 J9 HOMEOPATHY JI Homeopathy PD JAN PY 2010 VL 99 IS 1 SI SI BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.homp.2009.11.006 PG 10 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 548AY UT WOS:000273932400003 PM 20129173 ER PT J AU Mebane, CA Arthaud, DL AF Mebane, Christopher A. Arthaud, David L. TI Extrapolating Growth Reductions in Fish to Changes in Population Extinction Risks: Copper and Chinook Salmon SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Cu; extinction risk; Chinook salmon; population modeling; size-selective mortality; threatened species ID JUVENILE STEELHEAD TROUT; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; COHO SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SELECTIVE MORTALITY AB Fish commonly respond to stress, including stress from chemical exposures, with reduced growth. However, the relevance to wild populations of subtle and sometimes transitory growth reductions may not be obvious. At low-level, sustained exposures, Cu is one substance that commonly causes reduced growth but little mortality in laboratory toxicity tests with fish. To explore the relevance of growth reductions under laboratory conditions to wild populations, we (1) estimated growth effects of low-level Cu exposures to juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), (2) related growth effects to reduced survival in downriver Chinook salmon migrations, (3) estimated population demographics, (4) constructed a demographically structured matrix population model, and (5) projected the influence of Cu-reduced growth on population size, extinction risks, and recovery chances. Reduced juvenile growth from Cu in the range of chronic criteria concentrations was projected to cause disproportionate reductions in survival of migrating juveniles, with a 7.5% length reduction predicting about a 23% to 52% reduction in survival from a headwaters trap to the next census point located 640 km downstream. Projecting reduced juvenile growth out through six generations (30 years) resulted in little increased extinction risk; however, population recovery times were delayed under scenarios where Cu-reduced growth was imposed. C1 [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Boise, ID 83704 USA. RP Mebane, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 10095 W Emerald St, Boise, ID 83704 USA. EM cmebane@usgs.gov RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) funded analyses on which this article is based; however, the views expressed are the authors' and are not official policy views of NMFS or USGS. This article has been reviewed in accordance with USGS policy. Mention of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 109 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1026 EP 1065 AR PII 927924169 DI 10.1080/10807039.2010.512243 PG 40 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662MD UT WOS:000282810500007 ER PT J AU Stanton, B de Vries, S Donohoe, R Anderson, M Eichelberger, JM AF Stanton, Beckye de Vries, Sonce Donohoe, Regina Anderson, Michael Eichelberger, J. Michael TI Recommended Avian Toxicity Reference Value for Cadmium: Justification and Rationale for Use in Ecological Risk Assessments SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE cadmium; bird; TRV; ecological risk assessment; NOAEL ID DIETARY-CADMIUM; JAPANESE-QUAIL; BROILER-CHICKENS; MALLARD DUCKS; ZINC; COPPER; RETENTION; WILDLIFE; BIOAVAILABILITY; MANGANESE AB The understanding of Cd impacts to avian species has been improved by recent studies and the extensive literature review completed as part of the development of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs). Therefore, we sought to update the Cd toxicity reference value (TRV) for birds used by regulatory agencies and resource trustees in California for predictive ecological risk assessments. We surveyed the available literature sources, particularly TRVs between the currently used TRV (0.08 mg/kg/d) and the Eco-SSL TRV (1.47 mg/kg/d) to identify the lowest, ecologically relevant no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for oral exposure of birds to Cd. As a result, we identified an ecologically protective NOAEL TRV of 0.7 mg/kg/d, based primarily on renal effects in wood ducks, but supported by another study with both renal and reproductive endpoints. In addition, a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 1.0 mg/kg/d was selected based on kidney nephrosis in mallards. Overall, these updated TRVs incorporate more recent studies on Cd toxicity in birds while establishing thresholds based on ecologically relevant endpoints. C1 [Stanton, Beckye; Anderson, Michael] Off Spill Prevent & Response, Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento, CA USA. [de Vries, Sonce] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. [Eichelberger, J. Michael] Calif Dept Tox Subst Control, Sacramento, CA USA. [Donohoe, Regina] Off Spill Prevent & Response, Dept Fish & Game, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stanton, B (reprint author), Off Spill Prevent & Response DFG OSPR, Calif Dept Fish & Game, 1700 K St,Suite 250, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. EM bstanton@ospr.dfg.ca.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1261 EP 1277 AR PII 931263597 DI 10.1080/10807039.2010.526499 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695BR UT WOS:000285346100009 ER PT J AU Horowitz, AJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. TI A quarter century of declining suspended sediment fluxes in the Mississippi River and the effect of the 1993 flood SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Mississippi River; suspended sediment; annual fluxes; annual flow-weighted concentrations; 1993 flood ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TRACE-ELEMENT; MORPHODYNAMICS; NUTRIENT; PROGRAM; REGIME; IMPACT; OCEAN; BASIN AB Annual fluxes, flow-weighted concentrations and linear least squares trendline calculations for a number of long-term Mississippi River Basin (MRB) sampling sites covering 1981 through 2007, whilst somewhat 'noisy', display long-term patterns of decline. Annual flow-weighted concentration plots display the same long-term patterns of decline, but are less noisy because they reduce/eliminate variations due to interannual discharge differences. The declines appear greatest in the middle MRB, but also are evident elsewhere. The pattern for the lower Ohio River differs and may reflect ongoing construction at the Olmsted lock and dam that began in 1993 and currently is ongoing. The 'Great Flood of 1993' appears to have superimposed a step function (a sharp drop) on the long-term rate of decline in suspended sediment concentrations (SSC), annual fluxes and flow-weighted concentrations in the middle MRB at St Louis and Thebes, Missouri and Vicksburg, Mississippi, and in the lower MRB at St Francisville, Louisiana. Evidence for a step function at other sites is less substantial, but may have occurred. The step function appears to have resulted from losses in available (erodible) sediment, rather than to a reduction in discharge; hence, the MRB appears to be supply limited rather than discharge limited. These evaluations support the need for daily discharge and SSC data collections in the MRB to better address questions regarding long-term trends in sediment-related issues. This is apparent when the results for the Mississippi River at Thebes and St Louis sites are compared with those from other MRB sites where intensive (daily) data collections are lacking. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Peachtree Business Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 13 EP 34 DI 10.1002/hyp.7425 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 549KO UT WOS:000274048100002 ER PT J AU Meade, RH Moody, JA AF Meade, Robert H. Moody, John A. TI Causes for the decline of suspended-sediment discharge in the Mississippi River system, 1940-2007 SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE suspended-sediment discharge; river engineering; Missouri River; Mississippi River ID MAJOR HUMAN-MODIFICATION; COON CREEK BASIN; FLOOD; CHANNEL; USA; WISCONSIN; DYNAMICS; COLORADO; FLUXES; BUDGET AB Before 1900, the Missouri-Mississippi River system transported an estimated 400 million metric tons per year of sediment from the interior of the United States to coastal Louisiana. During the last two decades (1987-2006), this transport has averaged 145 million metric tons per year. The cause for this substantial decrease in sediment has been attributed to the trapping characteristics of dams constructed on the muddy part of the Missouri River during the 1950s. However, reexamination of more than 60 years of water- and sediment-discharge data indicates that the dams alone are not the sole cause. These dams trap about 100-150 million metric tons per year, which represent about half the decrease in sediment discharge near the mouth of the Mississippi. Changes in relations between water discharge and suspended-sediment concentration suggest that the Missouri-Mississippi has been transformed from a transport-limited to a supply-limited system. Thus, other engineering activities such as meander cutoffs, river-training structures, and bank revetments as well as soil erosion controls have trapped sediment, eliminated sediment sources, or protected sediment that was once available for transport episodically throughout the year. Removing major engineering structures such as dams probably would not restore sediment discharges to pre-1900 state, mainly because of the numerous smaller engineering structures and other soil-retention works throughout the Missouri-Mississippi system. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Meade, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Moody, John A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Meade, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 413,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhmeade@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 9 U2 58 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1002/hyp.7477 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 549KO UT WOS:000274048100003 ER PT J AU Maurer, EP Hidalgo, HG Das, T Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR AF Maurer, E. P. Hidalgo, H. G. Das, T. Dettinger, M. D. Cayan, D. R. TI The utility of daily large-scale climate data in the assessment of climate change impacts on daily streamflow in California SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WORLD WATER-RESOURCES; RIVER-BASIN; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; HYDROLOGIC IMPACTS; CHANGE SCENARIOS; SIERRA-NEVADA; MODEL; ENSEMBLE; REANALYSIS AB Three statistical downscaling methods were applied to NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (used as a surrogate for the best possible general circulation model), and the downscaled meteorology was used to drive a hydrologic model over California. The historic record was divided into an 'observed' period of 1950-1976 to provide the basis for downscaling, and a 'projected' period of 1977-1999 for assessing skill. The downscaling methods included a bias-correction/spatial downscaling method (BCSD), which relies solely on monthly large scale meteorology and resamples the historical record to obtain daily sequences, a constructed analogues approach (CA), which uses daily large-scale anomalies, and a hybrid method (BCCA) using a quantile-mapping bias correction on the large-scale data prior to the CA approach. At 11 sites we compared three simulated daily flow statistics: streamflow timing, 3-day peak flow, and 7-day low flow. While all downscaling methods produced reasonable streamflow statistics at most locations, the BCCA method consistently outperformed the other methods, capturing the daily large-scale skill and translating it to simulated streamflows that more skillfully reproduced observationally-driven streamflows. C1 [Maurer, E. P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Hidalgo, H. G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Fis, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Das, T.; Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Maurer, EP (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM emaurer@engr.scu.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 FU State of California through the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program; United States Department of Energy; CALFED FX Support for this work was provided by the State of California through the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program. During the development of the majority of this work, HH was working as a scientist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and was also funded by the United States Department of Energy. The CALFED postdoctoral fellowship provided partial salary support for TD. The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading and insightful comments, which significantly improved the manuscript. NR 60 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1138 DI 10.5194/hess-14-1125-2010 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 618XV UT WOS:000279390400022 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Introduction SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION; MULTISPECIES RIPARIAN BUFFERS; RATE PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; SITE-SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 644 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_1 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900001 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Characterization of Hypoxia SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Kling, Catherine L/0000-0002-4785-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 9 EP 50 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_2 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900002 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Nutrient Fate, Transport, and Sources SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Kling, Catherine L/0000-0002-4785-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 51 EP 109 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 59 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900003 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Scientific Basis for Goals and Management Options SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Kling, Catherine L/0000-0002-4785-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 111 EP 204 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_4 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 94 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900004 ER PT S AU Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D AF Dale, Virginia H. Kling, Catherine L. Meyer, Judith L. Sanders, James Stallworth, Holly Armitage, Thomas Wangsness, David Bianchi, Thomas Blumberg, Alan Boynton, Walter Conley, Daniel J. Crumpton, William David, Mark Gilbert, Denis Howarth, Robert W. Lowrance, Richard Mankin, Kyle Opaluch, James Paerl, Hans Reckhow, Kenneth Sharpley, Andrew N. Simpson, Thomas W. Snyder, Clifford S. Wright, Donelson BA Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D BF Dale, VH Kling, CL Meyer, JL Sanders, J Stallworth, H Armitage, T Wangsness, D Bianchi, T Blumberg, A Boynton, W Conley, DJ Crumpton, W David, M Gilbert, D Howarth, RW Lowrance, R Mankin, K Opaluch, J Paerl, H Reckhow, K Sharpley, AN Simpson, TW Snyder, CS Wright, D TI Summary of Findings and Recommendations SO HYPOXIA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SE Springer Series on Environmental Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Judith L.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sanders, James] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Stallworth, Holly; Armitage, Thomas] US EPA, Sci Advisory Board, Staff Off, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wangsness, David] US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bianchi, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biomed & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Boynton, Walter] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Crumpton, William] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol EEOB, Environm Programs, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [David, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gilbert, Denis] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Environm Sci Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lowrance, Richard] ARS, USDA, Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Opaluch, James] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Paerl, Hans] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Reckhow, Kenneth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Simpson, Thomas W.] Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Chesapeake Bay Programs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Snyder, Clifford S.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Nitrogen Program, Conway, AR 72033 USA. [Wright, Donelson] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Kling, Catherine L/0000-0002-4785-7154 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0172-6161 BN 978-0-387-89685-4 J9 SPRINGER SER ENV MAN JI Springer Ser. Environ. Manag. PY 2010 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1_5 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-89686-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BOE94 UT WOS:000276403900005 ER PT J AU Herkenhoff, KE Keszthelyi, LP McEwen, AS AF Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. McEwen, Alfred S. TI Introduction to the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) Special Issue of Icarus SO ICARUS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Herkenhoff, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kherkenhoff@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.10.003 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800001 ER PT J AU McEwen, AS Banks, ME Baugh, N Becker, K Boyd, A Bergstrom, JW Beyer, RA Bortolini, E Bridges, NT Byrne, S Castalia, B Chuang, FC Crumpler, LS Daubar, I Davatzes, AK Deardorff, DG DeJong, A Delamere, WA Dobrea, EN Dundas, CM Eliason, EM Espinoza, Y Fennema, A Fishbaugh, KE Forrester, T Geissler, PE Grant, JA Griffes, JL Grotzinger, JP Gulick, VC Hansen, CJ Herkenhoff, KE Heyd, R Jaeger, WL Jones, D Kanefsky, B Keszthelyi, L King, R Kirk, RL Kolb, KJ Lasco, J Lefort, A Leis, R Lewis, KW Martinez-Alonso, S Mattson, S McArthur, G Mellon, MT Metz, JM Milazzo, MP Milliken, RE Motazedian, T Okubo, CH Ortiz, A Philippoff, AJ Plassmann, J Polit, A Russell, PS Schaller, C Searls, ML Spriggs, T Squyres, SW Tarr, S Thomas, N Thomson, BJ Tornabene, LL Van Houten, C Verba, C Weitz, CM Wray, JJ AF McEwen, Alfred S. Banks, Maria E. Baugh, Nicole Becker, Kris Boyd, Aaron Bergstrom, James W. Beyer, Ross A. Bortolini, Edward Bridges, Nathan T. Byrne, Shane Castalia, Bradford Chuang, Frank C. Crumpler, Larry S. Daubar, Ingrid Davatzes, Alix K. Deardorff, Donald G. DeJong, Alaina Delamere, W. Alan Dobrea, Eldar Noe Dundas, Colin M. Eliason, Eric M. Espinoza, Yisrael Fennema, Audrie Fishbaugh, Kathryn E. Forrester, Terry Geissler, Paul E. Grant, John A. Griffes, Jennifer L. Grotzinger, John P. Gulick, Virginia C. Hansen, Candice J. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Heyd, Rodney Jaeger, Windy L. Jones, Dean Kanefsky, Bob Keszthelyi, Laszlo King, Robert Kirk, Randolph L. Kolb, Kelly J. Lasco, Jeffrey Lefort, Alexandra Leis, Richard Lewis, Kevin W. Martinez-Alonso, Sara Mattson, Sarah McArthur, Guy Mellon, Michael T. Metz, Joannah M. Milazzo, Moses P. Milliken, Ralph E. Motazedian, Tahirih Okubo, Chris H. Ortiz, Albert Philippoff, Andrea J. Plassmann, Joseph Polit, Anjani Russell, Patrick S. Schaller, Christian Searls, Mindi L. Spriggs, Timothy Squyres, Steven W. Tarr, Steven Thomas, Nicolas Thomson, Bradley J. Tornabene, Livio L. Van Houten, Charlie Verba, Circe Weitz, Catherine M. Wray, James J. TI The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) during MRO's Primary Science Phase (PSP) SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Mars; surface; Mars; climate; Mars; polar geology; Image processing ID MARS ORBITER CAMERA; NORTH POLAR-REGION; GROUND ICE; ATHABASCA VALLES; MARTIAN CLIMATE; NEAR-SURFACE; FLUID-FLOW; WATER ICE; DEPOSITS; EVOLUTION AB The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) acquired 8 terapixels of data in 9137 images of Mars between October 2006 and December 2008, covering similar to 0.55% of the surface. Images are typically 5-6 km wide with 3-color coverage over the central 20% of the swath, and their scales usually range from 25 to 60 cm/pixel. Nine hundred and sixty stereo pairs were acquired and more than 50 digital terrain models (DTMs) completed; these data have led to some of the most significant science results. New methods to measure and correct distortions due to pointing jitter facilitate topographic and change-detection studies at sub-meter scales. Recent results address Noachian bedrock stratigraphy, fluvially deposited fans in craters and in or near Valles Marineris, groundwater flow in fractures and porous media, quasi-periodic layering in polar and non-polar deposits, tectonic history of west Candor Chasma, geometry of clay-rich deposits near and within Mawrth Vallis, dynamics of flood lavas in the Cerberus Palus region, evidence for pyroclastic deposits columnar jointing in lava flows,, recent collapse pits, evidence for water in well-preserved impact craters, newly discovered large rayed craters, and glacial and periglacial processes. Of particular interest are ongoing processes such as those driven by the wind, impact cratering, avalanches of dust and/or frost, relatively bright deposits on steep gullied slopes, and the dynamic seasonal processes over polar regions. HiRISE has acquired hundreds of large images of past, present and potential future landing sites and has contributed to scientific and engineering Studies of those sites. Warming the focal-plane electronics prior to imaging has mitigated an instrument anomaly that produces bad data under cold operating conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McEwen, Alfred S.; Banks, Maria E.; Baugh, Nicole; Boyd, Aaron; Byrne, Shane; Castalia, Bradford; Daubar, Ingrid; DeJong, Alaina; Dundas, Colin M.; Eliason, Eric M.; Espinoza, Yisrael; Fennema, Audrie; Forrester, Terry; Heyd, Rodney; Jones, Dean; King, Robert; Kolb, Kelly J.; Leis, Richard; Mattson, Sarah; McArthur, Guy; Motazedian, Tahirih; Ortiz, Albert; Philippoff, Andrea J.; Plassmann, Joseph; Polit, Anjani; Schaller, Christian; Spriggs, Timothy; Tornabene, Livio L.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Becker, Kris; Geissler, Paul E.; Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Jaeger, Windy L.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo; Kirk, Randolph L.; Milazzo, Moses P.; Okubo, Chris H.; Verba, Circe] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bergstrom, James W.; Bortolini, Edward; Lasco, Jeffrey; Tarr, Steven; Van Houten, Charlie] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Beyer, Ross A.; Deardorff, Donald G.; Gulick, Virginia C.; Kanefsky, Bob] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Beyer, Ross A.; Deardorff, Donald G.; Gulick, Virginia C.; Kanefsky, Bob] SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bridges, Nathan T.; Dobrea, Eldar Noe; Hansen, Candice J.; Milliken, Ralph E.; Thomson, Bradley J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chuang, Frank C.; Weitz, Catherine M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Crumpler, Larry S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Davatzes, Alix K.] Temple Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Delamere, W. Alan] Delamere Support Syst, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Fishbaugh, Kathryn E.; Grant, John A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Griffes, Jennifer L.; Grotzinger, John P.; Lewis, Kevin W.; Metz, Joannah M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lefort, Alexandra; Russell, Patrick S.; Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Martinez-Alonso, Sara; Mellon, Michael T.; Searls, Mindi L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Squyres, Steven W.; Wray, James J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomson, Bradley J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP McEwen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1541 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Davatzes, Alexandra/B-1479-2012; Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012; Daubar, Ingrid/N-1408-2013; Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224; Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335; Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670; Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932 FU NASA/JPL FX We thank everyone who has made HiRISE possible, including those at NASA, JPL, Lockheed-Martin, BATC and subcontractors, and the University of Arizona. A.S.M. especially thanks Larry Soderblom (USGS) and the late Gene Shoemaker for providing examples of doing what's best for the science community. For constructive reviews we thank E. Hauber, J. Johnson, L. Soderblom, and an undisclosed reviewer. This work was supported by the NASA/JPL MRO project. NR 192 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.023 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800002 ER PT J AU Delamere, WA Tornabene, LL McEwen, AS Becker, K Bergstrom, JW Bridges, NT Eliason, EM Gallagher, D Herkenhoff, KE Keszthelyi, L Mattson, S McArthur, GK Mellon, MT Milazzo, M Russell, PS Thomas, N AF Delamere, W. Alan Tornabene, Livio L. McEwen, Alfred S. Becker, Kris Bergstrom, James W. Bridges, Nathan T. Eliason, Eric M. Gallagher, Dennis Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Keszthelyi, Laszlo Mattson, Sarah McArthur, Guy K. Mellon, Michael T. Milazzo, Moses Russell, Patrick S. Thomas, Nicolas TI Color imaging of Mars by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, Surface; Mars; Instrumentation; Image processing ID OLIVINE; REGION AB HiRISE has been producing a large number of scientifically useful color products of Mars and other planetary objects. The three broad spectral bands, coupled with the highly sensitive 14 bit detectors and time delay integration, enable detection of subtle color differences. The very high spatial resolution of HiRISE can augment the mineralogic interpretations based on multispectral (THEMIS) and hyperspectral datasets (TES, OMEGA and CRISM) and thereby enable detailed geologic and stratigraphic interpretations at meter scales. In addition to providing some examples of color images and their interpretation, we describe the processing techniques used to produce them and note some of the minor artifacts in the output. We also provide an example of how HiRISE color products can be effectively used to expand mineral and lithologic mapping provided by CRISM data products that are backed by other spectral datasets. The utility of high quality color data for understanding geologic processes on Mars has been one of the major successes of HiRISE. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Delamere, W. Alan] Delamere Support Syst, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Tornabene, Livio L.; McEwen, Alfred S.; Eliason, Eric M.; Mattson, Sarah; McArthur, Guy K.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Becker, Kris; Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo; Milazzo, Moses] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bergstrom, James W.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Bridges, Nathan T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gallagher, Dennis] CDM Opt, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mellon, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Russell, Patrick S.; Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Delamere, WA (reprint author), Delamere Support Syst, 525 Mapleton Ave, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM alan@delamere.biz RI Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016 FU NASA/JPL FX We thank everyone who has made HiRISE possible, from NASA, JPL, Lockheed-Martin Corp., BATC and subcontractors, and the University of Arizona. We particularly want to thank Charlie Hamp whose conservative power supply design ensured that the color CCDs were not deleted from the HiRISE design during moments of programmatic stress. This work supported by the NASA/JPL MRO Project. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 38 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.012 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800003 ER PT J AU Grant, JA Wilson, SA Dobrea, EN Fergason, RL Griffes, JL Moore, JM Howard, AD AF Grant, John A. Wilson, Sharon A. Dobrea, Eldar Noe Fergason, Robin L. Griffes, Jennifer L. Moore, Jeffery M. Howard, Alan D. TI HiRISE views enigmatic deposits in the Sirenum Fossae region of Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Geological processes ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; SURFACE GROUND ICE; VOLCANOS; BASIN AB HiRISE images together with other recent orbital data from Mars define new characteristics of enigmatic Hesperian-aged deposits in Sirenum Fossae that are mostly 100-200 m thick, drape kilometers of relief, and often display generally low relief surfaces. New characteristics of the deposits, previously mapped as the "Electris deposits," include local detection of meter-scale beds that show truncating relationships, a generally light-toned nature, and a variably blocky, weakly indurated appearance. Boulders shed by erosion of the deposits are readily broken down and contribute little to talus. Thermal inertia values for the deposits are similar to 200 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2) and they may incorporate hydrated minerals derived from weathering of basalt. The deposits do not contain anomalous amounts of water or water ice. Deflation may dominate degradation of the deposits over time and points to an inventory of fine-grained sediment. Together with constraints imposed by the regional setting on formation processes, these newly resolved characteristics are most consistent with an eolian origin as a loess-like deposit comprised of redistributed and somewhat altered volcanic ash. Constituent sediments may be derived from airfall ash deposits in the Tharsis region. An origin directly related to airfall ash or similar volcanic materials is less probable and emplacement by alluvial/fluvial, impact, lacustrine, or relict polar processes is even less likely. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Grant, John A.; Wilson, Sharon A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Dobrea, Eldar Noe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fergason, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Griffes, Jennifer L.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Moore, Jeffery M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Howard, Alan D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Grant, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM grantj@si.edu; purdys@si.edu; eldar@caltech.edu; rfergason@usgs.gov; griffes@gps.caltech.edu; jeff.moore@nasa.gov; ah6p@virginia.edu OI Howard, Alan/0000-0002-5423-1600 FU NASA FX We thank the people at the University of Arizona, Ball Aerospace, the jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Lockheed Martin that built and operate the HiRISE camera and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Spacecraft. Reviews by Kevin Williams, Ken Herkenhoff, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. This work was supported by NASA. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.009 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800004 ER PT J AU Newsom, HE Lanza, NL Ollila, AM Wiseman, SM Roush, TL Marzo, GA Tornabene, LL Okubo, CH Osterloo, MM Hamilton, VE Crumpler, LS AF Newsom, Horton E. Lanza, Nina L. Ollila, Ann M. Wiseman, Sandra M. Roush, Ted L. Marzo, Giuseppe A. Tornabene, Livio L. Okubo, Chris H. Osterloo, Mikki M. Hamilton, Victoria E. Crumpler, Larry S. TI Inverted channel deposits on the floor of Miyamoto crater, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Geologic processes; Cratering ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; ORIGIN; INVERSION; RELIEF AB Morphological features on the western floor of Miyamoto crater in southwestern Meridiani Planum, Mars, are suggestive of past fluvial activity. Imagery from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) gives a detailed view of raised curvilinear features that appear to represent inverted paleochannel deposits. The inverted terrain appears to be capped with a resistant, dark-toned deposit that is partially covered by unconsolidated surficial materials. Subsequent to deposition of the capping layer, erosion of the surrounding material has left the capping materials perched on pedestals of uneroded basal unit material. Neither the capping material nor the surrounding terrains show any unambiguous morphological evidence of volcanism or glaciation. The capping deposit may include unconsolidated or cemented stream deposits analogous to terrestrial inverted channels in the Cedar Mountain Formation near Green River, Utah. In addition to this morphological evidence for fluvial activity, phyllosilicates have been identified in the basal material on the floor of Miyamoto crater by orbital spectroscopy, providing mineralogical evidence of past aqueous activity. Based on both the morphological and mineralogical evidence, Miyamoto crater represents an excellent site for in situ examination and sampling of a potentially habitable environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Newsom, Horton E.; Lanza, Nina L.; Ollila, Ann M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Newsom, Horton E.; Lanza, Nina L.; Ollila, Ann M.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wiseman, Sandra M.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Tornabene, Livio L.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Osterloo, Mikki M.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hamilton, Victoria E.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Crumpler, Larry S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Roush, Ted L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Newsom, HE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MSC03 2050,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM newsom@unm.edu RI Marzo, Giuseppe/A-9765-2015; OI Lanza, Nina/0000-0003-4445-7996 FU NASA [NNG 05GJ42G, NNX 08AL74G] FX Supported by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program grants NNG 05GJ42G and NNX 08AL74G (H. Newsom) and the NASA/JPL/Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mars Science Laboratory ChemCam instrument project (R. Wiens, P.I., H. Newsom, Co-I.). NASA supports participation of T.L.R via MRO/CRISM. We also thank Eldar Noe Dobrea, John Grant, and Matt Golombek for helpful comments and information oil the MSL landing sites, and the CRISM, HiRISE and THEMIS teams for making data available for this project. We thank Ross Irwin for reviews throughout the editorial process, and Ken Edgett for comments on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.030 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800005 ER PT J AU Lanza, NL Meyer, GA Okubo, CH Newsom, HE Wiens, RC AF Lanza, N. L. Meyer, G. A. Okubo, C. H. Newsom, H. E. Wiens, R. C. TI Evidence for debris flow gully formation initiated by shallow subsurface water on Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Geological processes ID POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS; LIQUID WATER; MARTIAN GULLIES; CHANNEL INITIATION; SURFACE RUNOFF; NEAR-SURFACE; GROUND ICE; CONSTRAINTS; LANDSLIDES; STABILITY AB The morphologies of some martian gullies appear similar to terrestrial features associated with debris flow initiation, erosion, and deposition. On Earth, debris flows are often triggered by shallow subsurface throughflow of liquid water in slope-mantling colluvium. This flow causes increased levels of pore pressure and thus decreased shear strength, which can lead to slide failure of slope materials and Subsequent debris flow. The threshold for pore pressure-induced failure creates a distinct relationship between the contributing area supplying the subsurface flow and the slope gradient. To provide initial tests of a similar debris flow initiation hypothesis for martian gullies, measurements of the contributing areas and slope gradients were made at the channel heads of martian gullies seen in three HiRISE stereo pairs. These gullies exhibit morphologies suggestive of debris flows such as leveed channels and lobate debris fans, and have well-defined channel heads and limited evidence for multiple flows. Our results show an area-slope relationship for these martian gullies that is consistent with that observed for terrestrial gullies formed by debris flow, supporting the hypothesis that these gullies formed as the result of saturation of near-surface regolith by a liquid. This model favors a source of liquid that is broadly distributed within the source area and shallow: we suggest that such liquid could be generated by melting of broadly distributed icy materials Such as snow or permafrost. This interpretation is strengthened by observations of polygonal and mantled terrain in the study areas, which are both suggestive of near-surface ice. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lanza, N. L.; Newsom, H. E.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Okubo, C. H.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lanza, NL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, MSC03 2050,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM nlanza@umn.edu FU NASA [NNX08AL74G] FX Thanks to Ianko Tchoukanski for making Easy Calculate 5.0 available, to Marty Gilmore for assistance on previous gully studies, and to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful input. N.L.L. wishes to acknowledge the support of a NASA Graduate Student Research Program grant and a Zonta International Amelia Earhart Fellowship. H.N. was supported by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program Grant NNX08AL74G. NR 65 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.014 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800007 ER PT J AU Chan, MA Ormo, J Murchie, S Okubo, CH Komatsu, G Wray, JJ McGuire, P McGovern, JA AF Chan, Marjorie A. Ormoe, Jens Murchie, Scott Okubo, Chris H. Komatsu, Goro Wray, James J. McGuire, Patrick McGovern, James A. CA HiRISE Team TI Geomorphic knobs of Candor Chasma, Mars: New Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data and comparisons to terrestrial analogs SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Geological processes; Mineralogy; Image processing; Terrestrial planets ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIAGENETIC HEMATITE; FLUID-FLOW; SURFACE; DEPOSITS; MINERALS; ORIGIN; ROCKS; UTAH AB High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery and digital elevation models of the Candor Chasma region of Valles Marineris, Mars, reveal prominent and distinctive positive-relief knobs amidst light-toned layers. Three classifications of knobs, Types 1, 2, and 3, are distinguished from a combination of HiRISE and Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) images based on physical expressions (geometries, spatial relationships), and spectral data from Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). Type 1 knobs are abundant, concentrated, topographically resistant features with their highest frequency in West Candor, which have consistent stratigraphic correlations of the peak altitude (height). These Type 1 knobs could be erosional remnants of a simple dissected terrain, possibly derived from a more continuous, resistant, capping layer of pre-existing material diagenetically altered through recrystallization or cementation. Types 2 and 3 knobs are not linked to a single stratigraphic layer and are generally solitary to isolated, with variable heights. Type 3 are the largest knobs at nearly an order of magnitude larger than Type 1 knobs. The variable sizes and occasional pits on the tops of Type 2 and 3 knobs suggest a different origin, possibly related to more developed erosion, preferential cementation, or textural differences from sediment/water injection or intrusion, or from a buried impact crater. Enhanced color HiRISE images show a brown coloration of the knob peak crests that is attributable to processing and photometric effects; CRISM data do not show any detectable spectral differences between the knobs and the host rock layers, other than albedo. These intriguing knobs hold important clues to deducing relative rock properties, timing of events, and weathering conditions of Mars history. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chan, Marjorie A.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ormoe, Jens] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Madrid, Spain. [Murchie, Scott; McGovern, James A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Komatsu, Goro] Univ G dAnnunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. [Wray, James J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McGuire, Patrick] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [HiRISE Team] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Chan, MA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 115 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM marjorie.chan@utah.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Ormo, Jens/L-9058-2014; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012 OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Ormo, Jens/0000-0002-5810-9442; Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X FU NASA Mars Fundamental Research [NNG06GI10G]; NASA [1277793]; NASA Mars Data Analysis [NNX06AE01G]; Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation [CGL2004-03215/BTE]; Italian Space Agency for Komatsu; Fannie & John Hertz Foundation; NSF; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences for McGuire FX We thank Mary Chapman, Robin Fergason, Amy Knudson, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge partial funding support of this project from NASA Mars Fundamental Research NNG06GI10G to Chan, NASA through JPL subcontract 1277793 to Murchie for CRISM work, NASA Mars Data Analysis NNX06AE01G for Okubo, Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (CGL2004-03215/BTE) for Ormo, a grant from the Italian Space Agency for Komatsu, the Fannie & John Hertz Foundation and NSF Graduate Research Fellowship for Wray, and fellowships from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences for McGuire. NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 138 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.006 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800009 ER PT J AU Bridges, NT Banks, ME Beyer, RA Chuang, FC Dobrea, EZN Herkenhoff, KE Keszthelyi, LP Fishbaugh, KE McEwen, AS Michaels, TI Thomson, BJ Wray, JJ AF Bridges, N. T. Banks, M. E. Beyer, R. A. Chuang, F. C. Dobrea, E. Z. Noe Herkenhoff, K. E. Keszthelyi, L. P. Fishbaugh, K. E. McEwen, A. S. Michaels, T. I. Thomson, B. J. Wray, J. J. TI Aeolian bedforms, yardangs, and indurated surfaces in the Tharsis Montes as seen by the HiRISE Camera: Evidence for dust aggregates SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, Surface ID MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; WIND STREAKS; SLOPE WINDS AB HiRISE images of Mars with ground sampling down to 25 cm/pixel show that the dust-rich mantle covering the surfaces of the Tharsis Montes is organized into ridges whose form and distribution are consistent with formation by aeolian saltation. Other dusty areas near the volcanoes and elsewhere on the planet exhibit a similar morphology. The material composing these "reticulate" bedforms is constrained by their remote sensing properties and the threshold curve combined with the saltation/suspension boundary, both of which vary as a function of elevation (atmospheric pressure), particle size, and particle composition. Considering all of these factors, dust aggregates are the most likely material composing these bedforms. We propose that airfall dust on and near the volcanoes aggregates in situ over time, maybe due to electrostatic charging followed by cementation by salts. The aggregates eventually reach a particle size at which saltation is possible. Aggregates on the flanks are transported downslope by katabatic winds and form linear and "accordion" morphologies. Materials within the calderas and other depressions remain trapped and are subjected to multidirectional winds, forming an interlinked "honey-comb" texture. In many places on and near the volcanoes, light-toned, low thermal inertia yardangs and indurated surfaces are present. These may represent "duststone" formed when aggregates reach a particle size below the threshold Curve, Such that they become stabilized and Subsequently undergo cementation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bridges, N. T.; Dobrea, E. Z. Noe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Banks, M. E.; McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Beyer, R. A.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Chuang, F. C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.; Keszthelyi, L. P.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fishbaugh, K. E.] Smithsonian Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Michaels, T. I.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Thomson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wray, J. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bridges, NT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-501,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nathan.bridges@jpl.nasa.gov RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932; Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335 FU MRO Participating Scientist Program FX This research was supported by a grant from the MRO Participating Scientist Program. Emily Gorbaty, an intern from Stanford University, measured the dimensions of many reticulate ridges and made Fig. 3. Discussions with S. Karunatillake improved our understanding of GRS measurements of the Tharsis region. The comments of two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. The research described in this paper was carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 165 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.017 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800011 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, LP Jaeger, WL Dundas, CM Martinez-Alonso, S McEwen, AS Milazzo, MP AF Keszthelyi, L. P. Jaeger, W. L. Dundas, C. M. Martinez-Alonso, S. McEwen, A. S. Milazzo, M. P. TI Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary observations from the first Mars year of HiRISE imaging SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Mars, Surface; Volcanism ID VOLCANO-ICE INTERACTIONS; GROUND ICE; LAVA FLOWS; INTRAGLACIAL VOLCANOES; TERRESTRIAL ANALOGS; ATHABASCA VALLES; ELYSIUM-PLANITIA; TYRRHENA PATERA; CERBERUS FOSSAE; KILAUEA VOLCANO AB We provide an overview of features indicative of the interaction between water and lava and/or magma on Mars as seen by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera during the Primary Science Phase of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter(MRO) mission. The ability to confidently resolve meter-scale features from orbit has been extremely useful in the study of the most pristine examples. In particular, HiRISE has allowed the documentation of previously undescribed features associated with phreato-volcanic cones (formed by the interaction of lava and groundwater) on rapidly emplaced flood lavas. These include "moats" and "wakes" that indicate that the lava crust was thin and mobile, respectively [Jaeger, W.L., Keszthelyi, L.P., McEwen, A.S., Dundas, C.M., Russel, P.S., 2007. Science 317, 1709-1711]. HiRISE has also discovered entablature-style jointing in lavas that is indicative of water-cooling [Milazzo, M.P., Keszthelyi, L.P.,Jaeger, W.L., Rosiek, M., Mattson, S., Verba, C., Beyer, R.A., Geissler, P.E., McEwen, A.S., and the HiRISE Team, 2009. Geology 37, 171-174]. Other observations strongly support the idea of extensive volcanic mudflows (lahars). Evidence for other forms of hydrovolcanism, including glaciovolcanic interactions, is more equivocal. This is largely because most older and high-latitude terrains have been extensively modified, masking any earlier 1-10 m scale features. Much like terrestrial fieldwork, the prerequisite for making full use of HiRISE's capabilities is finding good outcrops. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Keszthelyi, L. P.; Jaeger, W. L.; Milazzo, M. P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dundas, C. M.; McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Martinez-Alonso, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Keszthelyi, LP (reprint author), 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM laz@usgs.gov RI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011; OI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670; Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 NR 119 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 211 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.020 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800014 ER PT J AU Jaeger, WL Keszthelyi, LP Skinner, JA Milazzo, MP McEwen, AS Titus, TN Rosiek, MR Galuszka, DM Howington-Kraus, E Kirk, RL AF Jaeger, W. L. Keszthelyi, L. P. Skinner, J. A., Jr. Milazzo, M. P. McEwen, A. S. Titus, T. N. Rosiek, M. R. Galuszka, D. M. Howington-Kraus, E. Kirk, R. L. CA HiRISE Team TI Emplacement of the youngest flood lava on Mars: A short, turbulent story SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Geological processes; Mars, Surface; Volcanism ID COLUMBIA RIVER BASALT; CENTRAL ELYSIUM PLANITIA; KILAUEA VOLCANO; GUSEV CRATER; PAHOEHOE; FLOWS; ERUPTION; HAWAII; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB Recently acquired data from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), Context (CTX) imager, and Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft were used to investigate the emplacement of the youngest flood-lava flow on Mars. Careful mapping finds that the Athabasca Valles flood lava is the product of a single eruption, and it covers 250,000 km(2) of western Elysium Planitia with an estimated 5000-7500 km(3) of mafic or ultramafic lava. Calculations utilizing topographic data enhanced with MRO observations to refine the dimensions of the channel system show that this flood lava was emplaced turbulently over a period of only a few to several weeks. This is the first well-documented example of a turbulently emplaced flood lava anywhere in the Solar System. However, MRO data suggest that this same process may have operated in a number of martian channel systems. The magnitude and dynamics of these lava floods are similar to the aqueous floods that are generally believed to have eroded the channels, raising the intriguing possibility that mechanical erosion by lava could have played a role in their incision. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jaeger, W. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Res Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Jaeger, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Res Program, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM wjaeger@usgs.gov RI Skinner, James/M-7966-2014 FU MRO; Mars Data Analysis; Planetary Geology and Geophysics FX We are grateful to all those who have been involved in building and operating the MRO spacecraft, and particularly its HiRISE instrument. We also thank the numerous people at the US Geological Survey's Astrogeology Program who have worked oil ISIS programming and DEM production. Financial support for this work was provided by the MRO project, the Mars Data Analysis program and the Planetary Geology and Geophysics program. NR 77 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 230 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.09.011 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800015 ER PT J AU Portyankina, G Markiewicz, WJ Thomas, N Hansen, CJ Milazzo, M AF Portyankina, Ganna Markiewicz, Wojciech J. Thomas, Nicolas Hansen, Candice J. Milazzo, Moses TI HiRISE observations of gas sublimation-driven activity in Mars' southern polar regions: III. Models of processes involving translucent ice SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, Polar caps; Ices; Mars, Surface ID LABORATORY SIMULATION; CO2 ICE; PATHFINDER; BEHAVIOR; SPIDERS; IMAGER; WATER; DUST; CAP; TES AB Enigmatic surface features, known as 'spiders', found at high southern martian latitudes, are probably caused by sublimation-driven erosion under the seasonal carbon dioxide ice cap. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) has imaged this terrain in unprecedented details throughout Southern spring. It has been postulated [Kieffer, H.H., Titus, T.N., Mullins, K.F., Christensen, P.R., 2000. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 9653-9700] that translucent CO(2) slab ice traps gas sublimating at the ice surface boundary. Wherever the pressure is released the escaping gas jet entrains loose Surface material and carries it to the top of the ice where it is carried downslope and/or downwind and deposited in a fan shape. Here we model two stages of this scenario: first, the cleaning Of CO(2) slab ice from dust, and then, the breaking of the slab ice plate under the pressure built below it by subliming ice. Our modeling results and analysis of HiRISE images support the gas jet hypothesis and show that Outbursts happen very early in spring. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Portyankina, Ganna; Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Markiewicz, Wojciech J.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Hansen, Candice J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Milazzo, Moses] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Portyankina, G (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM portyankina@space.unibe.ch FU German Research Foundation (DFG); Swiss National Science Foundation FX This research was in part supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.029 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800021 ER PT B AU Moffitt, CM Whelan, G Jackson, R AF Moffitt, Christine M. Whelan, Gary Jackson, Randy BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Historical Perspectives on Inland Fisheries Management in North America SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTHERN RANGE LIMIT; FRESH-WATER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; ANADROMOUS FISHES; SMALLMOUTH BASS; COLUMBIA RIVER; COHO SALMON C1 [Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Jackson, Randy] Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Whelan, Gary] Michigan Dept Nat Resources & Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 441141, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 150 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 41 PG 41 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600001 ER PT B AU Allen, MS Hightower, JE AF Allen, Micheal S. Hightower, Joseph E. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Fish Population Dynamics: Mortality, Growth, and Recruitment SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NATURAL MORTALITY; CLASS STRENGTH; STRIPED BASS; SIZE; RESERVOIR; SUNFISH; MODELS C1 [Allen, Micheal S.] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Allen, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 43 EP 79 PG 37 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600002 ER PT B AU Peterson, JT Dunham, J AF Peterson, James T. Dunham, Jason BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Scale and Fisheries Management SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; FISH POPULATIONS; THERMAL REFUGIA; SMALLMOUTH BASS; CHINOOK SALMON; WATER-QUALITY; DESERT FISHES; RIVER-BASIN; STREAM; ECOLOGY C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dunham, Jason] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 81 EP 105 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600003 ER PT B AU Ballweber, JA Schramm, HL AF Ballweber, Jeffery A. Schramm, Harold L., Jr. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI The Legal Process and Fisheries Management SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ballweber, Jeffery A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schramm, Harold L., Jr.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Ballweber, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, B308 Clark Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 107 EP 132 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600004 ER PT B AU Bonar, SA Fradenburg, ME AF Bonar, Scott A. Fradenburg, Michael E. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Communication Techniques for Fisheries Scientists SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fradenburg, Michael E.] Dynam Solut Grp LLC, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Bio Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 157 EP 184 PG 28 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600006 ER PT B AU Isermann, DA Paukert, CP AF Isermann, Daniel A. Paukert, Craig P. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Regulating Harvest SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MINIMUM LENGTH LIMIT; ILLEGAL ANGLING HARVEST; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; LAKE TROUT; POPULATION VARIABILITY; WALLEYE FISHERIES; MEASUREMENT ERROR C1 [Isermann, Daniel A.] Univ Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Isermann, DA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 108 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 185 EP 212 PG 28 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600007 ER PT B AU Kolar, CS Courtenay, WR Nico, LG AF Kolar, Cindy S. Courtenay, Walter R., Jr. Nico, Leo G. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Managing Undesired and Invading Fishes SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; STERILE-MALE-RELEASE; TRIPLOID GRASS CARP; FRESH-WATER FISHES; SEA-LAMPREY; GREAT-LAKES; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; NATIVE FISH C1 [Kolar, Cindy S.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kolar, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 199 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 213 EP 259 PG 47 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600008 ER PT B AU Pope, KL Lochmann, SE Young, MK AF Pope, Kevin L. Lochmann, Steve E. Young, Michael K. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Methods for Assessing Fish Populations SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROWN TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; BODY CONDITION; YELLOW PERCH; DNA ANALYSIS C1 [Pope, Kevin L.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Lochmann, Steve E.] Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Pope, KL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 402 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Pope, Kevin/D-8096-2011 OI Pope, Kevin/0000-0003-1876-1687 NR 118 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 325 EP 351 PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600011 ER PT B AU Kwak, TJ Freeman, MC AF Kwak, Thomas J. Freeman, Mary C. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Assessment and Management of Ecological Integrity SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; FISH-BASED INDEX; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RIVER RESTORATION; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION STATUS; STREAM FISHES; LAND-USE; ENVIRONMENTAL FILTERS; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH C1 [Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Freeman, Mary C.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 141 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 353 EP 394 PG 42 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600012 ER PT B AU Chipps, SR Graeb, BDS AF Chipps, Steven R. Graeb, Brian D. S. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Ecology and Management of Lake Food Webs SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; MORPHOEDAPHIC INDEX; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; LARGEMOUTH BASS; STABLE ISOTOPES; STANDING CROP; FISH; BIOMANIPULATION; GROWTH C1 [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Box 2140B NPB, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 395 EP 423 PG 29 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600013 ER PT B AU Miranda, LE Bettoli, PW AF Miranda, Leandro E. Bettoli, Phillip W. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Large Reservoirs SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIVER CONTINUUM CONCEPT; WATERSHED LAND-USE; UPPER PARANA RIVER; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; TROPHIC STATE; STRIPED BASS; FISH COMMUNITIES; NEOTROPICAL RESERVOIR; TENNESSEE RESERVOIRS; MISSOURI RESERVOIRS C1 [Miranda, Leandro E.] Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 135 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 545 EP 586 PG 42 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600017 ER PT B AU Gresswell, RE Vondracek, B AF Gresswell, Robert E. Vondracek, Bruce BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Coldwater Streams SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; BULL TROUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; HABITAT USE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; POPULATION-DENSITY C1 [Gresswell, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gresswell, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 2327 Univ Way,Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. NR 160 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 587 EP 618 PG 32 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600018 ER PT B AU Simpkins, DG Mistak, JL AF Simpkins, Darin G. Mistak, Jessica L. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Coldwater Rivers SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; INLAND CUTTHROAT TROUT; AU-SABLE-RIVER; BROWN TROUT; UNITED-STATES; BROOK TROUT; HABITAT USE; CHINOOK SALMON; WYOMING TAILWATER C1 [Simpkins, Darin G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Ecol Serv Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Mistak, Jessica L.] Marquette Fisheries Stn, Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Simpkins, DG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Ecol Serv Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. NR 136 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 619 EP 656 PG 38 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600019 ER PT B AU Dauwalter, DC Fisher, WL Rahel, FJ AF Dauwalter, Daniel C. Fisher, William L. Rahel, Frank J. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Warmwater Streams SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FISH SPECIES COMPOSITION; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; SMALLMOUTH BASS; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION STATUS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; RIVER CONTINUUM; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE C1 [Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Trout Unltd Inc, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Fisher, William L.] Cornell Univ, US Geol Survey, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rahel, Frank J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Dauwalter, DC (reprint author), Trout Unltd Inc, 910 Main St,Suite 342, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 146 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 657 EP 697 PG 41 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600020 ER PT B AU Paukert, CP Galat, DL AF Paukert, Craig P. Galat, David L. BE Hubert, WA Quist, MC TI Warmwater Rivers SO INLAND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; GREAT-PLAINS RIVER; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON POPULATIONS; TEMPERATE FLOODPLAIN RIVER; FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; COLORADO RIVER; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; GRAND-CANYON; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION C1 [Paukert, Craig P.; Galat, David L.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 145 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-16-5 PY 2010 BP 699 EP 736 PG 38 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BSB43 UT WOS:000284075600021 ER PT S AU Lohman, K Jones, JR AF Lohman, Kirk Jones, John R. BE Jones, J TI Longitudinal patterns in nutrient chemistry and algal chlorophyll below point sources in three northern Ozark streams SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 30, PT 10, PROCEEDINGS SE International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 12-18, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE nutrient enrichment; point source; water quality; wastewater treatment; Ozark streams ID LOW SUMMER FLOWS; PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; NITRATE; WATER; RETENTION; EUTROPHICATION; ECOSYSTEM; USA C1 [Lohman, Kirk] US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Lohman, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 978-30510-54081-5 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW JI Int. Assoc. Theor. Appl. Limnol. Proc. PY 2010 VL 30 BP 1559 EP 1566 PN 10 PG 8 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BXY31 UT WOS:000297610400018 ER PT J AU Browne, B Izbekov, P Eichelberger, J Churikova, T AF Browne, Brandon Izbekov, Pavel Eichelberger, John Churikova, Tatiana TI Pre-eruptive storage conditions of the Holocene dacite erupted from Kizimen Volcano, Kamchatka SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Kizimen volcano; Kamchatka; magma storage; magma accumulation; experimental petrology ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; EXPERIMENTAL PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; FE-TI OXIDES; EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRAINTS; UNZEN VOLCANO; MAGMA SYSTEM; MIGRATION; RHYOLITE; SULFUR; SCALES AB This study describes an investigation of the pre-eruptive conditions (T, P and fO(2)) of dacite magma erupted during the KZI cycle (12,000-8400 years ago) of Kizimen Volcano, Kamchatka, the earliest, most voluminous and most explosive eruption cycle in the Kizimen record. Hydrothermal, water-saturated experiments on KZI dacite pumice coupled with titanomagnetite-ilmenite geothermometry calculations require that the KZI dacite existed at a temperature of 823 +/- 20 degrees C and pressures of 125-150 MPa immediately prior to eruption. This estimate corresponds to a lithologic contact between Miocene volcaniclastic rocks and Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanic rocks located at a depth of 5-6 km beneath the Kizimen edifice, which may have facilitated the accumulation of atypically large volumes of gas-rich dacite during the KZI cycle. C1 [Browne, Brandon] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. [Izbekov, Pavel] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eichelberger, John] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, USGS HQ GD, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Churikova, Tatiana] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Churikova, Tatiana] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Div, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. RP Browne, B (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. EM bbrowne@fullerton.edu RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010; Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016; OI Churikova, Tatiana/0000-0002-9929-9764 FU Cal State Fullerton Office of Grants and Contracts FX We are deeply appreciative to be involved in research in such a dynamic and fascinating region and are especially grateful to Boris Ivanov, Oxana Evdokimova, Evgeni Gordeev, Alexander Belousov, James Gardner, Jessica Larsen, Diane Clemens-Knott, and Gary Ernst for their scientific insight and friendship. We also thank Frank Kyte and Ken Severin for assistance with the UCLA JEOL Super-probe and UAF Cameca SX-50 microprobe, respectively; and the Cal State Fullerton Office of Grants and Contracts for financial support of this research. Finally, we thank our families for their enthusiasm and patience. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 EI 1938-2839 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1080/00206810903332413 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA 523NP UT WOS:000272081300005 ER PT J AU Cook, RL Landmeyer, JE Atkinson, B Messier, JP Nichols, EG AF Cook, Rachel L. Landmeyer, James E. Atkinson, Brad Messier, Jean-Pierre Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie TI Field Note: Successful Establishment of a Phytoremediation System at a Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Shallow Aquifer: Trends, Trials, and Tribulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; hybrid poplars; willows; planting approaches; petroleum hydrocarbons ID HYBRID POPLAR TREES; GROWTH; WILLOW; GROUNDWATER; SURVIVAL; CUTTINGS; MTBE; POPULUS; SOILS AB We report the establishment of a mixed hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.) phytoremediation system at a fuel-contaminated site. Several approaches were used to balance competing goals of cost-effectiveness yet successful tree establishment without artificial irrigation or trenching. Bare root and unrooted cuttings were installed using either: (1) 1.2 m deep holes excavated with an 8 cm diameter auger using a direct-push rig and backfilled with the excavated, in situ soil; (2) 1.2 m deep holes created with a 23 cm diameter auger attached to a Bobcat rig and backfilled with clean topsoil from offsite; and (3) shallow holes between 15-30 cm deep that were created with a 1.3 cm diameter rod and no backfill. Tree mortality from initial plantings indicated contaminated zones not quantified in prior site investigations and remedial actions. Aquifer heterogeneity, underground utilities, and prior remediation infrastructure hampered the ability of the site to support a traditional experimental design. Total stem length and mortality were measured for all planted trees and were incorporated into a geographic information system. Planting early in the growing season, augering a larger diameter hole, and backfilling with clean, uncontaminated topsoil was cost effective and allowed for greater tree cutting growth and survival. C1 [Cook, Rachel L.; Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Landmeyer, James E.] US Geol Survey, SC Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. [Atkinson, Brad] N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Waste Management, Raleigh, NC USA. [Messier, Jean-Pierre] US Coast Guard, Elizabeth City, NC USA. RP Nichols, EG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Box 8006 NCSU Campus, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Elizabeth_Nichols@ncsu.edu FU USEPA/NC DENR Division of Water Quality 319 NPS Pollution Control [EW06028]; U.S Coast Guard, British Petroleum (North America) Inc.; U.S. Geological Survey FX We would like to thank Pete Lazaro, David Black, Thorne Gregory, Morton Barlaz, and George Shaw for their assistance with analytical analysis. We also thank Ted Shear for his help and Heather Cheshire for assistance with GPS units. We also thank Easter Carolina Landscaping Company and training cadets at the US Coast Guard Training Center for assistance with tree planting. This work was supported by USEPA/NC DENR Division of Water Quality 319 NPS Pollution Control Grant #EW06028, the U.S Coast Guard, British Petroleum (North America) Inc., and the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 7 BP 716 EP 732 AR PII 923250393 DI 10.1080/15226510903390395 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652RM UT WOS:000282027600006 PM 21166278 ER PT J AU Wang, HQ Hladik, CM Huang, WR Milla, K Edmiston, L Harwell, MA Schalles, JF AF Wang, Hongqing Hladik, C. M. Huang, Wenrui Milla, K. Edmiston, L. Harwell, M. A. Schalles, J. F. TI Detecting the spatial and temporal variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids in Apalachicola Bay, Florida using MODIS imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COASTAL WATERS; OYSTER POPULATION; MATTER AB Apalachicola Bay, Florida, accounts for 90% of Florida's and 10% of the nation's eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) harvesting. Chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids (TSS) are two important water quality variables, among other environmental factors such as salinity, for eastern oyster production in Apalachicola Bay. In this research, we developed regression models of the relationships between the reflectance of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra 250 m data and the two water quality variables based on the Bay-wide field data collected during 14-17 October 2002, a relatively dry period, and 3-5 April 2006, a relatively wet period, respectively. Then we selected the best regression models (highest coefficient of determination, R(2)) to derive Bay-wide maps of chlorophyll-a concentration and TSS for the two periods. The MODIS-derived maps revealed large spatial and temporal variations in chlorophyll-a concentration and TSS across the entire Apalachicola Bay. C1 [Wang, Hongqing; Hladik, C. M.; Huang, Wenrui; Milla, K.; Harwell, M. A.; Schalles, J. F.] Florida A&M Univ, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Wang, Hongqing] IAP World Serv, USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Hladik, C. M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Edmiston, L.] Florida Dept Environm Protect, Apalachicola, FL 32320 USA. [Harwell, M. A.] Harwell Gentile & Associates LC, Palm Coast, FL 32164 USA. RP Wang, HQ (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM wangh@usgs.gov OI Wang, Hongqing/0000-0002-2977-7732; Schalles, John/0000-0003-4228-1288 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83088001]; Florida A& M University (FAMU); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17AE1624] FX This research was supported by funding from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA STAR Grant # RD-83088001) to the Environmental Sciences Institute (ESI), Florida A& M University (FAMU), and funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to the Environmental Cooperative Science Center (ECSC) at FAMU (NOAA Cooperative Agreement # NA17AE1624). We are grateful to NASA Goddard Earth Science (GES) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for providing MODIS data. We thank Terry Haran, Rich Hucek, and Shuisen Chen for their assistance with MODIS data preprocessing including the correction of bow-tie effect. We also acknowledge Drs Larry Robinson, Jennifer Cherrier, Elijah Johnson, Ping Hsieh, and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 439 EP 453 DI 10.1080/01431160902893485 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 544HT UT WOS:000273646000013 ER PT J AU Stehman, SV Selkowitz, DJ AF Stehman, Stephen V. Selkowitz, David J. TI A spatially stratified, multi-stage cluster sampling design for assessing accuracy of the Alaska (USA) National Land Cover Database (NLCD) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC ACCURACY; MAP; COMPLETION; SET AB Assessing the accuracy of a land-cover map is typically expensive, and at the planning stage it is often uncertain what final sample size will be affordable. The aim of this study is to develop an accuracy assessment sampling design that accommodates an 'in progress' change in target sample size without sacrificing other desirable design criteria. The sampling design constructed to assess the accuracy of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) for Alaska achieves these desirable criteria. Spatial stratification provides the flexibility to accommodate a change in sample size and cluster sampling contributes to the cost-effectiveness of the design. We describe the advantages of these design features when the difficulty of accessing remote, large areas is a primary driver of the choice of a sampling design for accuracy assessment. Estimators for overall, user's, and producer's accuracies along with approximate standard errors are provided for the stratified, multi-stage cluster sampling design proposed. C1 [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Selkowitz, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Stehman, SV (reprint author), SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM svstehma@syr.edu NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1877 EP 1896 DI 10.1080/01431160902927945 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 592OP UT WOS:000277389200012 ER PT J AU Rover, J Wylie, BK Ji, L AF Rover, Jennifer Wylie, Bruce K. Ji, Lei TI A self-trained classification technique for producing 30 m percent-water maps from Landsat data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PONDS; LAKES AB Small bodies of water can be mapped with moderate-resolution satellite data using methods where water is mapped as subpixel fractions using field measurements or high-resolution images as training datasets. A new method, developed from a regression-tree technique, uses a 30 m Landsat image for training the regression tree that, in turn, is applied to the same image to map subpixel water. The self-trained method was evaluated by comparing the percent-water map with three other maps generated from established percent-water mapping methods: (1) a regression-tree model trained with a 5 m SPOT 5 image, (2) a regression-tree model based on endmembers and (3) a linear unmixing classification technique. The results suggest that subpixel water fractions can be accurately estimated when high-resolution satellite data or intensively interpreted training datasets are not available, which increases our ability to map small water bodies or small changes in lake size at a regional scale. C1 [Wylie, Bruce K.; Ji, Lei] USGS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Wylie, BK (reprint author), USGS, ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. EM wylie@usgs.gov RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Rover, Jennifer/0000-0002-3437-4030 FU US Geological Survey (USGS) Quantitative Models in Alaska (Earth Systems Dynamics); USGS Climate Effects Network; USGS [08HQCN0007] FX This study was supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Quantitative Models in Alaska (Earth Systems Dynamics). USGS Climate Effects Network also provided funding. Contract work was performed under USGS Contract 08HQCN0007. The authors wish to thank Bhaskar Ramachandran and Joyce Fry for their reviews. Use of brand names in this manuscript does not constitute nor imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2197 EP 2203 DI 10.1080/01431161003667455 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 592OQ UT WOS:000277389300020 ER PT J AU Morisette, JT AF Morisette, Jeffrey T. TI Toward a standard nomenclature for imagery spatial resolution SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Currently, the remote sensing community uses vague and ambiguous adjectives to relay the resolution of remote sensing imagery. This short technical note proposes a nomenclature based on metric units of the metre as a way to standardize the description of satellite imagery spatial resolution. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Morisette, JT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM svstehma@syr.edu NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2347 EP 2349 DI 10.1080/01431160902994457 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 600PL UT WOS:000277999100008 ER PT J AU Huang, CQ Thomas, N Goward, SN Masek, JG Zhu, ZL Townshend, JRG Vogelmann, JE AF Huang, Chengquan Thomas, Nancy Goward, Samuel N. Masek, Jeffrey G. Zhu, Zhiliang Townshend, John R. G. Vogelmann, James E. TI Automated masking of cloud and cloud shadow for forest change analysis using Landsat images SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MODIS SNOW-COVER; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CLEAR-SKY; CLASSIFICATION; RADIOMETER; ALGORITHM; ACCURACY; RECORD; MODEL; BAND AB Accurate masking of cloud and cloud shadow is a prerequisite for reliable mapping of land surface attributes. Cloud contamination is particularly a problem for land cover change analysis, because unflagged clouds may be mapped as false changes, and the level of such false changes can be comparable to or many times more than that of actual changes, even for images with small percentages of cloud cover. Here we develop an algorithm for automatically flagging clouds and their shadows in Landsat images. This algorithm uses clear view forest pixels as a reference to define cloud boundaries for separating cloud from clear view surfaces in a spectral-temperature space. Shadow locations are predicted according to cloud height estimates and sun illumination geometry, and actual shadow pixels are identified by searching the darkest pixels surrounding the predicted shadow locations. This algorithm produced omission errors of around 1% for the cloud class, although the errors were higher for an image that had very low cloud cover and one acquired in a semiarid environment. While higher values were reported for other error measures, most of the errors were found around the edges of detected clouds and shadows, and many were due to difficulties in flagging thin clouds and the shadow cast by them, both by the developed algorithm and by the image analyst in deriving the reference data. We concluded that this algorithm is especially suitable for forest change analysis, because the commission and omission errors of the derived masks are not likely to significantly bias change analysis results. C1 [Huang, Chengquan; Thomas, Nancy; Goward, Samuel N.; Townshend, John R. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Vogelmann, James E.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cqhuang@umd.edu RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798; Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823 FU NASA [NNH06ZDA001N-EOS, NNH06ZDA001N-MEASURES]; US Geological Survey FX This study was supported by grants from NASA's Terrestrial Ecology, Carbon Cycle Science, Applied Sciences, and Land Cover and Land Use Change Programs, by NASA's funding opportunity NNH06ZDA001N-EOS and NNH06ZDA001N-MEASURES, and by funding from the US Geological Survey. NR 35 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 20 BP 5449 EP 5464 AR PII 928447781 DI 10.1080/01431160903369642 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 668YU UT WOS:000283313500010 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW AF Griffin, Dale W. BE Ragaini, R TI AIRBORNE DESERT DUST: IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL HEALTH SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES 40TH SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2008 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Griffin, Dale W.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4289-12-2 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2010 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1142/9789814289139_0017 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BG9CP UT WOS:000393057300017 ER PT B AU Kendall, C Young, MB Silva, SR AF Kendall, Carol Young, Megan B. Silva, Steven R. BE West, JB Bowen, GJ Dawson, TE Tu, KP TI Applications of Stable Isotopes for Regional to National-Scale Water Quality and Environmental Monitoring Programs SO ISOSCAPES: UNDERSTANDING MOVEMENT, PATTERN, AND PROCESS ON EARTH THROUGH ISOTOPE MAPPING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TRACING SOURCES; ORGANIC-MATTER; FOOD WEBS; N INPUTS; RIVER; ECOSYSTEMS; SULFUR C1 [Kendall, Carol; Young, Megan B.; Silva, Steven R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kendall, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 434, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ckendall@usgs.gov; mbyoung@usgs.gov; srsilva@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3353-6 PY 2010 BP 89 EP 111 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3354-3_5 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3354-3 PG 23 WC Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BMU09 UT WOS:000273569100005 ER PT J AU Dheeravath, V Thenkabail, PS Chandrakantha, G Noojipady, P Reddy, GPO Biradar, CM Gumma, MK Velpuri, M AF Dheeravath, V. Thenkabail, P. S. Chandrakantha, G. Noojipady, P. Reddy, G. P. O. Biradar, C. M. Gumma, M. K. Velpuri, M. TI Irrigated areas of India derived using MODIS 500 m time series for the years 2001-2003 SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Land use; Crop; Hyperspectral; Vegetation ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; USE/LAND-COVER LULC; MULTITEMPORAL MODIS; MAP ACCURACY; CLASSIFICATION; US; AGRICULTURE; RESOLUTION; PHENOLOGY; BASIN AB The overarching goal of this research was to develop methods and protocols for mapping irrigated areas using a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 500 m time series, to generate irrigated area statistics, and to compare these with ground- and census-based statistics. The primary mega-file data-cube (MFDC), comparable to a hyper-spectral data cube, used in this study consisted of 952 bands of data in a single file that were derived from MODIS 500 m, 7-band reflectance data acquired every 8-days during 2001-2003. The methods consisted of (a) segmenting the 952-band MFDC based not only on elevation-precipitation-temperature zones but on major and minor irrigated command area boundaries obtained from India's Central Board of Irrigation and Power (CBIP), (b) developing a large ideal spectral data bank (ISDB) of irrigated areas for India, (c) adopting quantitative spectral matching techniques (SMTs) such as the spectral correlation similarity (SCS) R(2)-value, (d) establishing a comprehensive set of protocols for class identification and labeling, and (e) comparing the results with the National Census data of India and field-plot data gathered during this project for determining accuracies, uncertainties and errors. The study produced irrigated area maps and statistics of India at the national and the subriational (e.g., state, district) levels based on MODIS data from 2001-2003. The Total Area Available for Irrigation (TAAI) and Annualized Irrigated Areas (AIAs) were 113 and 147 million hectares (MHa), respectively. The TAAI does not consider the intensity of irrigation, and its nearest equivalent is the net irrigated areas in the Indian National Statistics. The AIA considers intensity of irrigation and is the equivalent of "irrigated potential utilized (IPU)" reported by India's Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR). The field-plot data collected during this project showed that the accuracy of TAAI classes was 88% with a 12% error of omission and 32% of error of commission. Comparisons between the AIA and IPU produced an R2-value of 0.84. However, AIA was consistently higher than IPU. The causes for differences were both in traditional approaches and remote sensing. The causes of uncertainties unique to traditional approaches were (a) inadequate accounting of minor irrigation (groundwater, small reservoirs and tanks), (b) unwillingness to share irrigated area statistics by the individual Indian states because of their stakes, (c) absence of comprehensive statistical analyses of reported data, and (d) subjectivity involved in observation-based data collection process. The causes of uncertainties unique to remote sensing approaches were (a) irrigated area fraction estimate and related sub-pixel area computations and (b) resolution of the imagery. The causes of uncertainties common in both traditional and remote sensing approaches were definitions and methodological issues. (C) 2009 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thenkabail, P. S.] US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Dheeravath, V.] United Nations Joint Logist Ctr WFP, Juba, South Sudan, Sudan. [Chandrakantha, G.] Kuvempu Univ, Dept Appl Geol, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India. [Noojipady, P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reddy, G. P. O.] Natl Bur Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. [Biradar, C. M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gumma, M. K.] Int Water Management Inst, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Velpuri, M.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Pierre, SD USA. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM vdheeravath@gmail.com; thenkabail@gmail.com RI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/A-5193-2013 OI Velpuri, Naga Manohar/0000-0002-6370-1926 NR 57 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 65 IS 1 BP 42 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2009.08.004 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 554PZ UT WOS:000274448200005 ER PT J AU Regehr, EV Hunter, CM Caswell, H Amstrup, SC Stirling, I AF Regehr, Eric V. Hunter, Christine M. Caswell, Hal Amstrup, Steven C. Stirling, Ian TI Survival and breeding of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea in relation to sea ice SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; habitat loss; life-cycle graph; stage-specific vital rates ID POPULATION PROJECTION MATRICES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; RINGED SEALS; BERING-SEA; TRENDS AB P>1. Observed and predicted declines in Arctic sea ice have raised concerns about marine mammals. In May 2008, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed polar bears (Ursus maritimus) - one of the most ice-dependent marine mammals - as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. 2. We evaluated the effects of sea ice conditions on vital rates (survival and breeding probabilities) for polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea. Although sea ice declines in this and other regions of the polar basin have been among the greatest in the Arctic, to date population-level effects of sea ice loss on polar bears have only been identified in western Hudson Bay, near the southern limit of the species' range. 3. We estimated vital rates using multistate capture-recapture models that classified individuals by sex, age and reproductive category. We used multimodel inference to evaluate a range of statistical models, all of which were structurally based on the polar bear life cycle. We estimated parameters by model averaging, and developed a parametric bootstrap procedure to quantify parameter uncertainty. 4. In the most supported models, polar bear survival declined with an increasing number of days per year that waters over the continental shelf were ice free. In 2001-2003, the ice-free period was relatively short (mean 101 days) and adult female survival was high (0 center dot 96-0 center dot 99, depending on reproductive state). In 2004 and 2005, the ice-free period was longer (mean 135 days) and adult female survival was low (0 center dot 73-0 center dot 79, depending on reproductive state). Breeding rates and cub litter survival also declined with increasing duration of the ice-free period. Confidence intervals on vital rate estimates were wide. 5. The effects of sea ice loss on polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea may apply to polar bear populations in other portions of the polar basin that have similar sea ice dynamics and have experienced similar, or more severe, sea ice declines. Our findings therefore are relevant to the extinction risk facing approximately one-third of the world's polar bears. C1 [Regehr, Eric V.; Amstrup, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hunter, Christine M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Caswell, Hal] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. RP Regehr, EV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM eric_regehr@fws.gov RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; OI Caswell, Hal/0000-0003-4394-6894 FU US Geological Survey; Canadian Wildlife Service; Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Government of the Northwest Territories; Polar Continental Shelf Project, Ottawa, Canada; National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX Principal funding for the capture-recapture effort in 2001-2006 was provided by the US Geological Survey, the Canadian Wildlife Service, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Government of the Northwest Territories and the Polar Continental Shelf Project, Ottawa, Canada. C. Hunter and H. Caswell acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Ocean Life Institute at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. We thank G.S. York, K.S. Simac, A.S. Fischbach, M. Lockhart, C. Kirk, K. Knott, E. Richardson, A.E. Derocher, D. Andriashek and S. Cherry for assistance in the field. D. Douglas and G. Durner assisted with analyses of radiotelemetry and remote sensing sea ice data. M. Runge, J. Nichols and M. Udevitz provided advice with data analysis. Funding for this analysis was provided by the US Geological Survey and US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 65 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 25 U2 242 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 79 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01603.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 531HY UT WOS:000272656600014 PM 19754681 ER PT J AU Benson, LV Taylor, HE Plowman, TI Roth, DA Antweiler, RC AF Benson, L. V. Taylor, H. E. Plowman, T. I. Roth, D. A. Antweiler, R. C. TI The cleaning of burned and contaminated archaeological maize prior to Sr-87/Sr-86 analysis SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Maize; Sr isotopes; Trace metals; Archaeological maize ID CHACO CANYON; NEW-MEXICO AB Accurate trace-metal and strontium-isotope analyses of archaeological corn cobs require that metal contaminants be removed prior to chemical analysis. Archaeological cobs are often coated with construction debris, dust, or soil which contains mineral particles. In addition, most archaeological cobs are partially or completely burned and the burned parts incorporate mineral debris in their hardened residual structures. Unburned cobs are weak ion exchangers and most metals within a cob are not firmly bound to cob organic matter: therefore, immersing cobs in acids and rinsing them in deionized water to remove mineral contaminants may result in the undesirable loss of metals, including strontium, from the cob. In this paper we show that some cob metal-pair ratios are not substantially changed when the cob is "cleaned" with deionized water, if the water-cob contact time does not exceed five minutes. Additionally, we introduce a method for eliminating mineral contaminants in both burned and unburned cobs, thus rendering them acceptable for strontium-isotope analysis. However, the decontamination procedure results in the rapid non-stoichiometric leaching of trace metals from the unburned cobs and it is possible that most metals will be extracted from the cobs during the lengthy decontamination process. Trace metals, in particular Al and Ca, should be analyzed in order to determine the presence and level of mineral contamination after cleaning. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Benson, L. V.; Taylor, H. E.; Plowman, T. I.; Roth, D. A.; Antweiler, R. C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Suite E127,3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbenson@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.005 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 531BE UT WOS:000272636900010 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Peck, RW Stringer, LD Snook, K Banko, PC AF Suckling, David Maxwell Peck, Robert W. Stringer, Lloyd D. Snook, Kirsten Banko, Paul C. TI Trail Pheromone Disruption of Argentine Ant Trail Formation and Foraging SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Argentine ant; Trail pheromone; Disruption; Trail integrity; Invasive species ID IRIDOMYRMEX-HUMILIS MAYR; LINEPITHEMA-HUMILE; CITRUS TREES; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; BAIT; SEMIOCHEMICALS; HYDRAMETHYLNON; COMMUNICATION; CONSEQUENCES AB Trail pheromone disruption of invasive ants is a novel tactic that builds on the development of pheromone-based pest management in other insects. Argentine ant trail pheromone, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, was formulated as a micro-encapsulated sprayable particle and applied against Argentine ant populations in 400 m(2) field plots in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. A widely dispersed point source strategy for trail pheromone disruption was used. Traffic rates of ants in bioassays of treated filter paper, protected from rainfall and sunlight, indicated the presence of behaviorally significant quantities of pheromone being released from the formulation for up to 59 days. The proportion of plots, under trade wind conditions (2-3 m s(-1)), with visible trails was reduced for up to 14 days following treatment, and the number of foraging ants at randomly placed tuna-bait cards was similarly reduced. The success of these trail pheromone disruption trials in a natural ecosystem highlights the potential of this method for control of invasive ant species in this and other environments. C1 [Suckling, David Maxwell; Stringer, Lloyd D.] Plant & Food Res Ltd, New Zealand Inst, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Peck, Robert W.; Snook, Kirsten] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Pacific Aquaculture & Coastal Resources Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Banko, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), Plant & Food Res Ltd, New Zealand Inst, PB 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. EM Max.Suckling@plantandfood.co.nz RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010; OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348; Stringer, Lloyd/0000-0002-6345-0768 FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [C06X0601]; U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service FX This work was supported by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology ("Managing Invasive Hymenoptera", contract C06X0601) and the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service ("Park-Oriented Biological Support"). Thanks also to "Better Border Biosecurity" (www.b3nz.org). We thank J. Cappadonna, M. Euaparadorn, M. Stelmach, C. Pinzari, G. Ryman, and C. Stephen for help conducting field trials. Suterra LLC kindly provided the formulation at our request. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9734-1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552YZ UT WOS:000274332500011 PM 20077128 ER PT J AU Stanley, JD Bernbardt, CE AF Stanley, Jean-Daniel Bernbardt, Christopher E. TI Alexandria's Eastern Harbor, Egypt: Pollen, Microscopic Charcoal, and the Transition from Natural to Human-Modified Basin SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alexander the Great; archaeology; Bronze Age; charcoal; climate change; early settlement; Egyptian dynasties; Greeks; Holocene; human activity; lithofacies; Mareotis Lagoon; Nile Delta; pollen; Ptolemies; Romans; stratigraphy; wastewater ID NILE DELTA; LATE QUATERNARY; NORTHWESTERN EGYPT; SAPROPEL FORMATION; HOLOCENE; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; SEDIMENTS; REGION; PLEISTOCENE AB Pollen and microscopic charcoal examined in Holocene sediment core samples record major environmental modifications affecting Alexandria's Eastern Harbor through time. We assess whether such changes on Egypt's coastal margin were influenced primarily by natural, or natural plus human, or primarily human factors. We focus on (1) the times when pollen assemblages and microscopic charcoal content changed in the core, (2) how they changed, and (3) why this occurred. The analysis takes into account the core's stratigraphy, regional climate variability, human history, and local archaeological record. Four pollen-microscopic charcoal zones are identified. The earliest change occurred at ca. 6000 YBP, during Egypt's earlier Predynastic (Neolithic) period, coinciding with a lithologic break from sand to muddy sand. Pollen during this time indicates a transition to a much drier climate rather than effects of human activity. The second change in pollen occurred 3600-2900 YBP, during a period of continued aridity with no lithologic variation in this core interval. Pollen (cereal taxa, agricultural weeds, grape) and a sharp increase in microscopic charcoal indicate that human activity became prevalent at least 700 y before Alexander the Great's arrival in this region, and these results highlight the transition from a largely natural climate-controlled environment to one influenced by both climate and anthropogenic activity. The third shift up-core in pollen assemblages is dated at ca. 2300 YBP, at the boundary between a sand and mud unit. It coincides with construction by the Ptolemies of the Heptastadion between Alexandria and Pharos Island. From this time onward, harbor sediment in the nearly enclosed catchment basin indicates a near-continuous record of dominant proximal human activity. C1 [Stanley, Jean-Daniel] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, CUSP, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bernbardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Stanley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, CUSP, Paleo Roorn E205, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stanleyd@si.edu FU Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. FX We thank Mr. Franck Goddio, the Institut Europeen d'Archeologie Sous-Marine, and Hilti Foundation for their generous support in collecting the Alexandria harbor core examined in this study. Messrs. T. Sheehan and B. Landacre assisted with processing of samples. Ms. Andrea Kreuzer provided technical assistance with the manuscript. Reviews of the manuscript by Dr. D. Willard and Mr. C. Doolan of the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, were most helpful. Partial funding for the project was awarded to the first author by the Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00089.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 549IL UT WOS:000274041300007 ER PT J AU Pendleton, EA Thieler, ER Williams, SJ AF Pendleton, Elizabeth A. Thieler, E. Robert Williams, S. Jeffress TI Importance of Coastal Change Variables in Determining Vulnerability to Sea- and Lake-Level Change SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shoreline change; geomorphology; tidal range; mean annual ice cover; mean significant wave height; relative sea-level rise; lake-level change; coastal slope; coastal vulnerability index; National Park Service; Great Lakes ID RISE AB In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey began conducting scientific assessments of coastal vulnerability to potential future sea- and lake-level changes in 22 National Park Service sea- and lakeshore units. Coastal park units chosen for the assessment included a variety of geological and physical settings along the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Alaska, Caribbean, and Great Lakes shorelines. This research is motivated by the need to understand and anticipate coastal changes caused by accelerating sea-level rise, as well as lake-level changes caused by climate change, over the next century. The goal of these assessments is to provide information that can be used to make long-term (decade to century) management decisions. Here we analyze the results of coastal vulnerability assessments for several coastal national park units. Index-based assessments quantify the likelihood that physical changes may occur based on analysis of the following variables: tidal range, ice cover, wave height, coastal slope, historical shoreline change rate, geomorphology, and historical rate of relative sea- or lake-level change. This approach seeks to combine a coastal system's susceptibility to change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, and it provides a measure of the system's potential vulnerability to the effects of sea- or lake-level change. Assessments for 22 park units are combined to evaluate relationships among the variables used to derive the index. Results indicate that Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico parks have the highest vulnerability rankings relative to other park regions. A principal component analysis reveals that 99% of the index variability can be explained by four variables: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, water-level change rate, and mean significant wave height. Tidal range, ice cover, and historical shoreline change are not as important when the index is evaluated at large spatial scales (thousands of kilometers). C1 [Pendleton, Elizabeth A.; Thieler, E. Robert; Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pendleton, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ependleton@usgs.gov OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 FU USGS; NPS FX The vulnerability and change potential assessments of NPS units were funded jointly by the USGS and the NPS. Rebecca Beavers provided the opportunity to work with the NPS on assessing the vulnerability of U.S. national parks to SLR and coastal change. We thank the numerous NPS scientists who worked with us on improving the individual park reports. We also thank Brad Butman and Jeff List of the USGS Woods Hole Science Center for constructive reviews. Comments from two anonymous reviewers were also appreciated and improved the manuscript. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.2112/08-1102.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 549IL UT WOS:000274041300017 ER PT J AU Borgreen, MJ Roffe, TJ Berry, EM McCosh, RB Berardinelli, JG AF Borgreen, M. J. Roffe, T. J. Berry, E. M. McCosh, R. B. Berardinelli, J. G. TI Reproductive rate of semi-free ranging Bison (Bison bison) at the National Bison Range. SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE bison; fecal progesterone; pregnancy rate C1 [Borgreen, M. J.; Berry, E. M.; McCosh, R. B.; Berardinelli, J. G.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Borgreen, M. J.; Roffe, T. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PY 2010 VL 93 SU 1 BP 503 EP 503 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 822NU UT WOS:000295056202042 ER PT J AU Nevers, MB Whitman, RL AF Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. TI Policies and practices of beach monitoring in the Great Lakes, USA: a critical review SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; FRESH-WATER; NEARSHORE WATER; MICHIGAN BEACH; CLADOPHORA CHLOROPHYTA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HUNTINGTON-BEACH AB Beaches throughout the Great Lakes are monitored for fecal indicator bacteria (typically Escherichia coli) in order to protect the public from potential sewage contamination. Currently, there is no universal standard for sample collection and analysis or results interpretation. Monitoring policies are developed by individual beach management jurisdictions, and applications are highly variable across and within lakes, states, and provinces. Extensive research has demonstrated that sampling decisions for time, depth, number of replicates, frequency of sampling, and laboratory analysis all influence the results outcome, as well as calculations of the mean and interpretation of the results in policy decisions. Additional shortcomings to current monitoring approaches include appropriateness and reliability of currently used indicator bacteria and the overall goal of these monitoring programs. Current research is attempting to circumvent these complex issues by developing new tools and methods for beach monitoring. In this review, we highlight the variety of sampling routines used across the Great Lakes and the extensive body of research that challenges comparisons among beaches. We also assess the future of Great Lakes monitoring and the advantages and disadvantages of establishing standards that are evenly applied across all beaches. C1 [Nevers, Meredith B.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Nevers, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM mnevers@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 NR 84 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3 BP 581 EP 590 DI 10.1039/b917590c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 567UD UT WOS:000275471200002 PM 20445845 ER PT J AU Denver, JM Tesoriero, AJ Barbaro, JR AF Denver, Judith M. Tesoriero, Anthony J. Barbaro, Jeffrey R. TI Trends and Transformation of Nutrients and Pesticides in a Coastal Plain Aquifer System, United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; DELMARVA PENINSULA; DAIRY MANURE; DATING TOOLS; ATRAZINE; SOIL; MINERALIZATION; METABOLITES AB Four local-scale sites in areas with similar corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] agriculture were studied to determine the effects of different hydrogeologic settings of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) on the transport of nutrients and pesticides in groundwater. Settings ranged from predominantly well-drained soils overlying thick, sandy surficial aquifers to predominantly poorly drained soils with complex aquifer stratigraphy and high organic matter content. Apparent age of groundwater, dissolved gases, N isotopes, major ions, selected pesticides and degradates, and geochemical environments in groundwater were studied. Agricultural chemicals were the source of most dissolved ions in groundwater. Specific conductance was strongly correlated with reconstructed nitrate (the sum of N in nitrate and N gas) (R(2) = 0.81, p < 0.0001), and is indicative of the relative degree of agricultural effects on groundwater. Trends in nitrate were primarily related to changes in manure and fertilizer use at the well-drained Sites where aquifer conditions were consistently oxic. Nitrate was present in young groundwater but completely removed over time through denitrification at the poorly drained sites where there were variations in chemical input and in geochemical environment. Median concentrations of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide), and some of their common degradates were higher at well-drained sites than at poorly drained sites, with concentrations of degradates generally higher than those of the parent compounds at all sites. An increase in the percentage of deethylatrazine to total atrazine over rime at one well-drained sire may be related to changes in manure application. C1 [Denver, Judith M.] US Geol Survey, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Tesoriero, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Barbaro, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Denver, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1289 McD Dr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM jmdenver@usgs.gov FU USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program FX This study was supported by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Scott Ator of USGS is thanked for his assistance with statistical data analysis and thoughtful comments. Betzaida Reyes and Timothy Auer of USGS are thanked for their assistance with figure preparation. Patrick Phillips and Christopher Green of USGS provided insightful reviews. Most of the information presented from individual Study sites was collected as part the USGS NAWQA Program; however, each site also has been part of collaborative studies between the U.S. Geological Survey and other Federal and State partners (Bohlke and Denver, 1995; Denver, 1989; Spruill et al., 2005; Tesoriero et al., 2005). NR 61 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 154 EP 167 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0107 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543LO UT WOS:000273579300016 PM 20048303 ER PT J AU Heuvel, AV McDermott, C Pillsbury, R Sandrin, T Kinzelman, J Ferguson, J Sadowsky, M Byappanahalli, M Whitman, R Kleinheinz, GT AF Heuvel, Amy Vanden McDermott, Colleen Pillsbury, Robert Sandrin, Todd Kinzelman, Julie Ferguson, John Sadowsky, Michael Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara Whitman, Richard Kleinheinz, Gregory T. TI The Green Alga, Cladophora, Promotes Escherichia coli Growth and Contamination of Recreational Waters in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NEARSHORE WATER; CHLOROPHYTA; SURVIVAL; GLOMERATA; ENTEROCOCCI; SALMONELLA AB A linkage between Cladophora mats and exceedances of recreational water quality criteria has been suggested, but not directly Studied. This study investigates the spatial and temporal association between Escherichia coli concentrations within and near Cladophora mats at two northwestern Lake Michigan beaches in Door County, Wisconsin. Escherichia coli concentrations in water underlying mats were significantly greater than Surrounding water (p < 0.001). Below mat L coli increased as the stranded mats persisted at the beach swash zone. Water adjacent to Cladophora trials had lower E. coli concentrations, but surpassed EPA swimming criteria the majority of sampling days. A significant positive association was found between E. coli concentrations attached to Cladophora and in underlying water (p < 0.001). The attached E. coli likely acted as a reservoir for populating water underlying the mat. Fecal bacterial pathogens, however, could nor be detected by microbiological culture methods either attached to mat biomass or ill underlying water. Removal of Cladophora mats from beach areas may improve aesthetic and microbial water quality at affected beaches. These associations and potential natural growth of E coli in bathing waters call into question the efficacy of using E coli as a recreational water quality indicator of fecal contaminations. C1 [Heuvel, Amy Vanden; McDermott, Colleen; Pillsbury, Robert; Kleinheinz, Gregory T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Ferguson, John; Sadowsky, Michael] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ferguson, John; Sadowsky, Michael] Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara; Whitman, Richard] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. [Sandrin, Todd] Arizona State Univ, Div Math & Nat Sci, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA. [Kinzelman, Julie] City Racine Hlth Dept, Racine, WI 53403 USA. RP Kleinheinz, GT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dep Biol & Microbiol, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM kleinhei@uwosh.edu OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 FU University of Wisconsin Sea FX This project was funded by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Research Program. Special thanks to Rhonda Daily for her assistance in sample collection and laboratory, analysis. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0152 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543LO UT WOS:000273579300034 ER PT J AU Szabo, Z Jacobsen, E Kraemer, TF Parsa, B AF Szabo, Zoltan Jacobsen, Eric Kraemer, Thomas F. Parsa, Bahman TI Environmental fate of Ra in cation-exchange regeneration brine waste disposed to septic tanks, New Jersey Coastal Plain, USA: migration to the water table SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE (226)Ra; (228)Ra; Alpha-particle radioactivity; Ground water; Cation exchange; Acidity; Septic system; Nitrification; Chloride; New Jersey coastal plain ID GROUNDWATER; TRANSPORT; AQUIFERS; REMOVAL; SYSTEMS; RADIUM; PLUMES; SLUDGE; SOILS AB Fate of radium (Ra) in liquid regeneration brine wastes from water softeners disposed to septic tanks in the New Jersey Coastal Plain was studied. Before treatment, combined Ra ((226)Ra plus (228)Ra) concentrations (maximum, 1.54 Bq L(-1)) exceeded the 0.185 Bq L(-1) Maximum Contaminant Level in 4 of 10 studied domestic-well waters (median pH, 4.90). At the water table downgradient from leachfields, combined Ra concentrations were low (commonly <= 0.019 Bq L(-1)) when pH was >5.3, indicating sequestration; when pH was <= 5.3 (acidic), concentrations were elevated (maximum, 0.985 Bq L(-1) - greater than concentrations in corresponding discharged septic-tank effluents (maximum, 0.243 Bq L(-1))), indicating Ra mobilization from leachfield sediments. Confidence in quantification of Ra mass balance was reduced by study design limitations, including synoptic sampling of effluents and ground waters, and large uncertainties associated with analytical methods. The trend of Ra mobilization in acidic environments does match observations from regional water-quality assessments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szabo, Zoltan; Jacobsen, Eric] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Kraemer, Thomas F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Parsa, Bahman] NJ Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Szabo, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd,Site 206, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM zszabo@usgs.gov FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); New Jersey Department Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Division of Science, Research and Technology; USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) FX This project was completed cooperatively by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the New Jersey Department Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Division of Science, Research and Technology. Additional analytical support was provided by the USGS Toxics Hydrology Program and the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. We thank NJDEP colleagues Dr. R. Lee Lippincott and Patricia Gardner for assistance in devising the sampling program and administering it. Assistance in finding sampling locations was provided by numerous local associations including Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission, Salem County Watershed Taskforce, and the Middlesex County Department of Health. We thank USGS colleagues Timothy Reilly and Larry Feinson for operation of the Geoprobe equipment, Elizabeth Keller for equipment cleaning, and William Ellis for assistance with graphics. We acknowledge helpful suggestions to improve this manuscript by USGS colleagues Ralph Seiler, Brian Katz, and Edward Landa, and by Joseph Drago of Kennedy Jenks Associates. The use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States government or the State of New Jersey. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537YN UT WOS:000273150600006 PM 19910087 ER PT J AU Walder, JS AF Walder, Joseph S. TI Rothlisberger channel theory: its origins and consequences SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM; MULTICOMPONENT COUPLED MODEL; KATAHDIN ESKER SYSTEM; HAUT GLACIER DAROLLA; FREEZE-ON MECHANISM; RICH BASAL ICE; TEMPERATE GLACIERS; OUTBURST FLOODS; WATER-FLOW; ABLATION AREA AB The theory of channelized water flow through glaciers, most commonly associated with the names of Hans Rothlisberger and Ron Shreve and their 1972 papers in the Journal of Glaciology, was developed at a time when interest in glacier bed processes was expanding, and the possible relationship between glacier sliding and water at the bed was becoming of keen interest. The R-channel theory provided for the first time a physically based conceptual model of water flow through glaciers. The theory also marks the emergence of glacier hydrology as a glaciological discipline with goals and methods distinct from those of surface-water hydrology. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Walder, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bulding 10,Suite 700, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jswalder@usgs.gov NR 91 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 200 SI SI BP 1079 EP 1086 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 818KP UT WOS:000294750900012 ER PT J AU VanDeHey, JA Sloss, BL Peeters, PJ Sutton, TM AF VanDeHey, Justin A. Sloss, Brian L. Peeters, Paul J. Sutton, Trent M. TI Determining the efficacy of microsatellite DNA-based mixed stock analysis of Lake Michigan's Lake Whitefish commercial Fishery SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mixed stock analysis; Lake whitefish; Lake Michigan; Microsatellites ID CHINOOK SALMON; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES AB Management of commercially exploited fish should be conducted at the stock level. If a mixed stock fishery exists, a comprehensive mixed stock analysis is required for stock-based management. The lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis comprises the primary commercial fishery across the Great Lakes. Recent research resolved that six genetic stocks of lake whitefish were present in Lake Michigan, and long-term tagging data indicate that Lake Michigan's lake whitefish commercial fishery is a mixed stock fishery. The objective of this research was to determine the usefulness of microsatellite data for conducting comprehensive mixed stock analyses of the Lake Michigan lake whitefish commercial fishery. We used the individual assignment method as implemented in the program ONCOR to determine the accuracy level at which microsatellite data can reliably identify component populations or stocks. Self-assignment of lake whitefish to their population and stock of origin ranged from >96% to 100%. Evaluation of genetic stock discreteness indicated a moderately high degree of correct assignment (average = 75%); simulations indicated supplementing baseline data by similar to 50 to 100 individuals could increase accuracy by up to 4.5%. Simulated mixed stock commercial harvests with known stock composition showed a high degree of correct proportional assignment between observed and predicted harvest values. These data suggest that a comprehensive mixed stock analysis of Lake Michigan's lake whitefish commercial fishery is viable and would provide valuable information for improving management. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [VanDeHey, Justin A.] S Dakota State Univ, No Plains Biostress Lab, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Peeters, Paul J.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. [Sutton, Trent M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP VanDeHey, JA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, No Plains Biostress Lab, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM justin.vandehey@sdstate.edu; brian.sloss@uwsp.edu; paul.peeters@wisconsin.gov; tsutton@sfos.uaf.edu RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX This research was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. We thank M. Ebener, E. Olsen, S. Lenart, A. Martell, P. Hanchin, C. Schelb, R. Claramunt, P. Schneeberger, D. Dupras, K. Koval, R. O'Neal, T. Kroeff, K. Royseck, M. Donofrio, D. Traynor, and E. Volkman for assistance with sample collection. We also thank commercial fishers D. Hickey, T. King, K. King, B. Petersen, B. Peterson, M. Weborg, C. Henriksen, G. Ruleau, L. Barbeau, K. Frazier, E. John, and M. Hermes for their assistance in collecting lake whitefish. Thanks to D. Willis and J. Jolley for the review of this manuscript. A special thanks to all the graduate students at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point for their assistance in sample collection, and processing. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.08.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 605ZU UT WOS:000278390300007 ER PT J AU Stott, W VanDeHey, JA Sloss, BL AF Stott, Wendylee VanDeHey, Justin A. Sloss, Brian L. TI Genetic diversity of lake whitefish in lakes Michigan and Huron; sampling, standardization, and research priorities SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake whitefish; Microsatellites; Lake Michigan; Lake Huron; Standardization ID UPPER GREAT-LAKES; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; MICROSATELLITE; MANAGEMENT; STOCKS; CONSERVATION; MARKERS AB We combined data from two laboratories to increase the spatial extent of a genetic data set for lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis from lakes Huron and Michigan and saw that genetic diversity was greatest between lakes, but that there was also structuring within lakes. Low diversity among stocks may be a reflection of relatively recent colonization of the Great Lakes, but other factors such as recent population fluctuation and localized stresses such as lamprey predation or heavy exploitation may also have a homogenizing effect. Our data suggested that there is asymmetrical movement of lake whitefish between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan: more genotypes associated with Lake Michigan were observed in Lake Huron. Adding additional collections to the calibrated set will allow further examination of diversity in other Great Lakes, answer questions regarding movement among lakes, and estimate contributions of stocks to commercial yields. As the picture of genetic diversity and population structure of lake whitefish in the Great Lakes region emerges, we need to develop methods to combine data types to help identify important areas for biodiversity and thus conservation. Adding genetic data to existing models will increase the precision of predictions of the impacts of new stresses and changes in existing pressures on an ecologically and commercially important species. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stott, Wendylee] Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [VanDeHey, Justin A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Sloss, Brian L.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Stott, W (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM wstott@usgs.gov; justin.vandehey@sdstate.edu; brian.sloss@uwsp.edu FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act Research Program FX This research was funded in part by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act Research Program. We thank M. Ebener, E. Olsen, S. Lenart, A. Martell, P. Hanchin, C. Schelb, R. Claramunt, D. Dupras, K. Koval, R. O'Neal, T. Kroeff, K. Royseck, M. Donofrio, D. Traynor, and E. Volkman for their assistance with sample collection. The lake whitefish genetics research on Lake Michigan would not have been possible with the cooperation of T. Sutton, P. Peeters, and S. Hansen. We also thank commercial fishers D. Hickey, T. King, K. King, Peterson Brother's Fishery, M. Weborg, C. Henriksen, G. Ruleau, L. Barbeau, K. Frazier, E. John, and M. Hermes for their assistance in collecting lake whitefish. A special thanks to all the graduate students at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and for their assistance in sample collection and processing. Melissa Kostich (GLSC-USGS) also helped with sample processing and Richard Quintal (GLSC-USGS) helped with the graphics. This article is Contribution Number 1569 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.01.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 605ZU UT WOS:000278390300008 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Pothoven, SA Schneeberger, PJ Ebener, MP Mohr, LC Nalepa, TF Bence, JR AF Madenjian, Charles P. Pothoven, Steven A. Schneeberger, Philip J. Ebener, Mark P. Mohr, Lloyd C. Nalepa, Thomas F. Bence, James R. TI Dreissenid mussels are not a "dead end" in Great Lakes food webs SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics modeling; Dreissenid mussels; Invasive species; Lake whitefish; Population modeling; Predation ID ZEBRA MUSSELS; MICHIGAN; ERIE; WHITEFISH; PREDATION; COMMUNITY; INVASION; BUGENSIS; HURON; MODEL AB Dreissenid mussels have been regarded as a "dead end" in Great Lakes food webs because the degree of predation on dreissenid mussels, on a lakewide basis, is believed to be low. Waterfowl predation on dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes has primarily been confined to bays, and therefore its effects on the dreissenid mussel population have been localized rather than operating on a lakewide level. Based on results from a previous study, annual consumption of dreissenid mussels by the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) population in central Lake Erie averaged only 6 kilotonnes (kt; 1 kt = one thousand metric tons) during 1995-2002. In contrast, our coupling of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) population models with a lake whitefish bioenergetics model revealed that lake whitefish populations in Lakes Michigan and Huron consumed 109 and 820 kt, respectively, of dreissenid mussels each year. Our results indicated that lake whitefish can be an important predator on dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes, and that dreissenid mussels do not represent a "dead end" in Great Lakes food webs. The Lake Michigan dreissenid mussel population has been estimated to be growing more than three times faster than the Lake Huron dreissenid mussel population during the 2000s. One plausible explanation for the higher population growth rate in Lake Michigan would be the substantially higher predation rate by lake whitefish on dreissenid mussels in Lake Huron. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Schneeberger, Philip J.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Intertribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Mohr, Lloyd C.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Lakes Management Unit, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; schneebp@michigan.gov; mebener@lighthouse.net; lloyd.mohr@mnr.gov.on.ca; thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov; bence@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017; OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX We thank S. Lozano, J. Savino, and graduate students and faculty at Michigan State University (All Things Wet group) for reviewing the manuscript and providing helpful comments for its improvement. We also thank C. Geddes for computing the surface area in each of the lake whitefish management units and the total surface areas for Lakes Michigan and Huron. This study was funded, in part, by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. This article is Contribution 1539 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and contribution 1523 of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.09.001 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 605ZU UT WOS:000278390300010 ER PT J AU Wagner, T Jones, ML Ebener, MP Arts, MT Brenden, TO Honeyfield, DC Wright, GM Faisal, M AF Wagner, Tyler Jones, Michael L. Ebener, Mark P. Arts, Michael T. Brenden, Travis O. Honeyfield, Dale C. Wright, Gregory M. Faisal, Mohamed TI Spatial and temporal dynamics of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) health indicators: Linking individual-based indicators to a management-relevant endpoint SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake whitefish; Lipids; Fatty acids; Natural mortality; Cystidicola farionis; Renibacterium salmoninarum ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI CHALLENGE; LIPID-CONTENT; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; DIETARY PHOSPHORUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; FISH; GROWTH; SALMON AB We examined the spatial and temporal dynamics of health indicators in four lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) stocks located in northern lakes Michigan and Huron from 2003 to 2006. The specific objectives were to (1) quantify spatial and temporal variability in health indicators; (2) examine relationships among nutritional indicators and stock-specific spatial and temporal dynamics of pathogen prevalence and intensity of infection; and (3) examine relationships between indicators measured on individual fish and stock-specific estimates of natural mortality. The percent of the total variation attributed to spatial and temporal sources varied greatly depending on the health indicator examined. The most notable pattern was a downward trend in the concentration of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), observed in all stocks, in the polar lipid fraction of lake whitefish dorsal muscle tissue over the three study years. Variation among stocks and years for some indicators were correlated with the prevalence and intensity of the swimbladder nematode Cystidicola farionis, suggesting that our measures of fish health were related, at some level, with disease dynamics. We did not find relationships between spatial patterns in fish health indicators and estimates of natural mortality rates for the stocks. Our research highlights the complexity of the interactions between fish nutritional status, disease dynamics, and natural mortality in wild fish populations. Additional research that identifies thresholds of health indicators, below (or above) which survival may be reduced, will greatly help in understanding the relationship between indicators measured on individual fish and potential population-level effects. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wagner, Tyler; Jones, Michael L.; Brenden, Travis O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Arts, Michael T.] Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Wright, Gregory M.] Nunns Creek Fishery Enhancement Facil, Hessel, MI 49745 USA. [Faisal, Mohamed] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Faisal, Mohamed] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wagner, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2003-06]; Environment Canada FX We thank all the contracted fishermen who participated in this study. Without their participation fish collection would not have been possible. We also thank Hilary Ahman, Jerry Chao and Martina Drebenstedt (Arts lab) and all current and past members of Michigan State University-Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory who assisted in this multi-year effort. Nathan Nye and Kendra Porath assisted with the collection of samples and the gross compositional analysis. Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust Project 2003-06 and by Environment Canada to M.T. Arts. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the federal government. This is manuscript 2009-14 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2010 VL 36 SU 1 SI SI BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.07.004 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 605ZU UT WOS:000278390300016 ER PT J AU Oppel, S Powell, AN AF Oppel, Steffen Powell, Abby N. TI Carbon isotope turnover in blood as a measure of arrival time in migratory birds using isotopically distinct environments SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arrival time; delta(13)C; Isotope turnover; Somateria spectabilis; Stable isotopes ID DIET-TISSUE FRACTIONATION; AQUATIC FOOD-WEB; STABLE-ISOTOPES; KING EIDERS; COMMON EIDERS; SNOW GEESE; FEATHERS; C-13; NITROGEN; CONSEQUENCES AB Arrival time on breeding or non-breeding areas is of interest in many ecological studies exploring fitness consequences of migratory schedules. However, in most field studies, it is difficult to precisely assess arrival time of individuals. Here, we use carbon isotope turnover in avian blood as a technique to estimate arrival time for birds switching from one habitat or environment to another. Stable carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) in blood assimilate to a new equilibrium following a diet switch according to an exponential decay function. This relationship can be used to determine the time a diet switch occurred if delta(13)C of both the old and new diet are known. We used published data of captive birds to validate that this approach provides reliable estimates of the time since a diet switch within 1-3 weeks after the diet switch. We then explored the utility of this technique for King Eiders (Somateria spectabilis) arriving on terrestrial breeding grounds after wintering and migration at sea. We estimated arrival time on breeding grounds in northern Alaska (95% CI) from red blood cell delta(13)C turnover to be 4-9 June. This estimate overlapped with arrival time of birds from the same study site tracked with satellite transmitters (5-12 June). Therefore, we conclude that this method provides a simple yet reliable way to assess arrival time of birds moving between isotopically distinct environments. C1 [Oppel, Steffen] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Oppel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steffen.oppel@gmail.com OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789 FU Coastal Marine Institute (University of Alaska, Fairbanks); Minerals Management Service; U.S. Geological Survey OCS Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; North Slope Borough; ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc.; German Academic Exchange Service FX This study was funded by the Coastal Marine Institute (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), Minerals Management Service, and U.S. Geological Survey OCS Program. Further financial and technical support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, North Slope Borough, ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., U.S. Geological Survey (Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit), and German Academic Exchange Service. We thank R. Bentzen, C. Latty, J. Rogalla, J. Heathcote, S. Sekine, and A. Patterson for assistance in the field. The manuscript benefited from thoughtful comments by D. O'Brien, J. Liebezeit, A. Taylor, T. Lee, C. van Hemert, S. Nash, J. Metzgar, and an anonymous reviewer. Mention of trade or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 151 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s10336-009-0434-y PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 536GY UT WOS:000273034100015 ER PT J AU Alexander, ML Hotchkiss, SC AF Alexander, M. L. Hotchkiss, S. C. TI Bosmina remains in lake sediment as indicators of zooplankton community composition SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paleolimnology; Food-web reconstruction; Mucrones; Antennules ID SIZE-SELECTIVE PREDATION; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; LANDSCAPE POSITION; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; REPLACEMENT CYCLES; BODY-SIZE; PLANKTON; MORPHOLOGY; LEPTODORA; CLADOCERA AB We measured Bosmina spp. mucro and antennule lengths in surface sediment samples from Wisconsin lakes to test whether such measures could be used to reconstruct zooplankton community composition and size structure in paleolimnological studies. Our data set included 58 lakes of various depths, water chemistry, trophic state, macrophyte cover, and zooplankton community composition. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination (NMS) and simple correlation analysis to assess whether mucro and antennule measurements reflect the zooplankton community size structure. Bosmina mucro length (r = 0.727, p < 0.05) and antennule length (r = 0.360, p < 0.05) correlated with the NMS axis, which essentially represents zooplankton community size structure. Bosmina mucro length correlated positively with the abundance of the large-bodied zooplankter Epischura lacustris (r = 0.364, p < 0.01), as well as Diacyclops thomasi (r = 0.256, p < 0.05), and Leptodiaptomus minutus (r = 0.578, p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001), but correlated negatively with the abundance of the small-bodied zooplankter Tropocyclops prasinus (r = -0.385, p < 0.01). Bosmina antennule length correlated positively with the abundance of L. minutus (r = 0.344, p < 0.01) and negatively with T. prasinus (r = -0.258, p < 0.05). This broad, spatial scale assessment supports the use of Bosmina mucro and antennule lengths as a proxy for zooplankton community size structure. Mucro length is a stronger indicator of zooplankton community size structure as seen in its strong correlation with the NMS axis 1 and the significant correlations with abundance of predatory copepods. C1 [Alexander, M. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Alexander, M. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Limnol & Marine Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hotchkiss, S. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Alexander, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM Mara_Alexander@fws.gov FU NSF [DEB-0083545] FX We are indebted to P. Sanford and S. Dodson for their help with zooplankton identification and to J. Rusak, M. Kratz, J. Morrison, M. Woodford and S. Van-Egeren for their help in the field. This work was funded by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement # DEB-0083545 (Biocomplexity). NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 43 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s10933-009-9312-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 538CX UT WOS:000273162900004 ER PT J AU Peruzza, L Perkins, D AF Peruzza, Laura Perkins, David TI Earthquake Probabilities for Italy - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Peruzza, Laura] OGS Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy. [Perkins, David] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Peruzza, L (reprint author), OGS Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy. EM lperuzza@inogs.it; perkins@usgs.gov OI Peruzza, Laura/0000-0001-7781-5775 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/s10950-009-9184-9 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 538HP UT WOS:000273175500001 ER PT J AU Akinci, A Perkins, D Lombardi, AM Basili, R AF Akinci, Aybige Perkins, David Lombardi, Anna Maria Basili, Roberto TI Uncertainties in probability of occurrence of strong earthquakes for fault sources in the Central Apennines, Italy SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Probability of occurrence; Time dependent; Uncertainties; Aperiodicity; BPT; Monte Carlo simulations; Central Apennines, Italy ID SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT; SEISMOGENIC SOURCES; SOURCE MODEL; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; PALEOEARTHQUAKES; PALEOSEISMICITY; SIMULATION; TECTONICS; NORTHERN AB Using the characteristic earthquake model, we calculate the probability of occurrence of earthquakes M (w) > 5.5 for individual fault sources in the Central Apennines for the 30-year period (2007-2037). We show the effect of time-dependent and time-independent occurrence (Brownian passage time (BPT) and Poisson) models together with uncertain slip rates and uncertain maximum magnitudes and, hence, uncertain recurrence times. In order to reduce the large prior geological slip rate uncertainty distribution for most faults, we obtain a posterior slip rate uncertainty distribution using a likelihood function obtained from regional historical seismicity. We assess the uncertainty of maximum magnitude by assuming that the uncertainty in fault width and length are described by a normal distribution with standard deviation equal to +/- 20% of the mean values. We then estimate the uncertainties of the 30-year probability of occurrence of a characteristic event using a Monte Carlo procedure. Uncertainty on each parameter is represented by the 16th and the 84th percentiles of simulated values. These percentiles bound the range that has a 68% probability of including the real value of the parameter. We do these both for the Poisson case and for the BPT case by varying the aperiodicity parameter (alpha value) using the values 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7. The Bayesian posterior slip rate uncertainties typically differ by a factor of about 2 from the 16th to the 84th percentile. Occurrence probabilities for the next 30 years at the 84th percentile typically range from 1% to 2% for faults where the Poisson model dominates and from 2% to 21% where one of the BPT models dominates. The uncertainty in occurrence probability under the time-dependent hypothesis is very large, when measured by the ratio of the 84th to the 16th percentile, frequently being as much as two orders of magnitude. On the other hand, when measured by standard deviation, these standard deviations range from 2% to 6% for those faults whose elapsed time since previous event is large, but always 2% or less for faults with relatively recent previous occurrence, because the probability of occurrence is always small. C1 [Akinci, Aybige; Lombardi, Anna Maria; Basili, Roberto] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Perkins, David] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Akinci, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. EM akinci@ingv.it; perkins@usgs.gov RI Basili, Roberto/A-1441-2011 OI Basili, Roberto/0000-0002-1213-0828 FU Dipartimento della Protezione Civile FX The authors are grateful to Sebastian Hainzl and an anonymous reviewer for their comments and criticisms. This study is supported by the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile funds of the project "Valutazione del potenziale sismogenetico e probabilita dei forti terremoti in Italia" coordinated by Gianluca Valensise and Dario Slejko. The final results released by this study can be found at the web site address: http://web.ingv.it/progettiSV/Progetti/Sismologici/sismologici_con_frame .htm. During this work, David Perkins has been supported by this grant for 2 months at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 EI 1573-157X J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 14 IS 1 BP 95 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s10950-008-9142-y PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 538HP UT WOS:000273175500007 ER PT J AU Salehi, M Moradi, M Brown, JA Smith, D AF Salehi, Mohammad Moradi, Mohammad Brown, Jennifer A. Smith, David TI Efficient estimators for adaptive stratified sequential sampling SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE adaptive allocation; Horvitz-Thompson type estimator; Neyman's allocation; sample mean type estimator ID DESIGN AB In stratified sampling, methods for the allocation of effort among strata usually rely on some measure of within-stratum variance. If we do not have enough information about these variances, adaptive allocation can be used. In adaptive allocation designs, surveys are conducted in two phases. Information from the first phase is used to allocate the remaining units among the strata in the second phase. Brown et al. [Adaptive two-stage sequential sampling, Popul. Ecol. 50 (2008), pp. 239-245] introduced an adaptive allocation sampling design-where the final sample size was random-and an unbiased estimator. Here, we derive an unbiased variance estimator for the design, and consider a related design where the final sample size is fixed. Having a fixed final sample size can make survey-planning easier. We introduce a biased Horvitz-Thompson type estimator and a biased sample mean type estimator for the sampling designs. We conduct two simulation studies on honey producers in Kurdistan and synthetic zirconium distribution in a region on the moon. Results show that the introduced estimators are more efficient than the available estimators for both variable and fixed sample size designs, and the conventional unbiased estimator of stratified simple random sampling design. In order to evaluate efficiencies of the introduced designs and their estimator furthermore, we first review some well-known adaptive allocation designs and compare their estimator with the introduced estimators. Simulation results show that the introduced estimators are more efficient than available estimators of these well-known adaptive allocation designs. C1 [Salehi, Mohammad; Moradi, Mohammad] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Esfahan 8415683111, Iran. [Brown, Jennifer A.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Math & Stat, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Smith, David] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Salehi, M (reprint author), Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Esfahan 8415683111, Iran. EM salehi-m@cc.iut.ac.ir RI Brown, Jennifer/E-7878-2013 OI Brown, Jennifer/0000-0001-6150-7284 FU CEAMA of Isfahan University of Technology FX We thank Dr K. H. Low for providing us the moon data and its figure. Dr Salehi and Moradi's works were partially supported by the CEAMA of Isfahan University of Technology. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 EI 1563-5163 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 2010 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1163 EP 1179 DI 10.1080/00949650903005664 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 665WS UT WOS:000283067900007 ER PT J AU Wayland, M Hoffman, DJ Mallory, ML Alisauskas, RT Stebbins, KR AF Wayland, Mark Hoffman, David J. Mallory, Mark L. Alisauskas, Ray T. Stebbins, Katherine R. TI EVIDENCE OF WEAK CONTAMINANT-RELATED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN GLAUCOUS GULLS (Larus hyperboreus) FROM THE CANADIAN ARCTIC SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; POLAR BEARS; CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE; DIETARY SELENIUM; TRACE-ELEMENTS; AQUATIC BIRDS AB Environmental contaminants are transported over great distances to Arctic ecosystems, where they can accumulate in wildlife. Whether contaminant concentrations in wildlife are sufficient to produce adverse effects remains poorly understood. Exposure to contaminants elevates oxidative stress with possible fitness consequences. The glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), an Arctic top predator, was used as a bioindicator for investigating relationships between contaminant levels (organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls [OC/PCB], mercury [Hg], and selenium [Se]) and measures of oxidative stress (glutathione [GSH] metabolism and lipid peroxidation) in Canadian Arctic ecosystems. Contaminant levels were low and associations between contaminant exposure and oxidative stress were weak. Nevertheless, glutathione peroxidase activity rose with increasing hepatic Se concentrations, levels of thiols declined as Hg and OC/PCB levels rose, and at one of the two study sites levels of lipid peroxidation were elevated with increasing levels of hepatic Hg. These results suggest the possibility of a deleterious effect of exposure to contaminants on gull physiology even at low contaminant exposures. C1 [Wayland, Mark] Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Prairie & No Reg, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Hoffman, David J.; Stebbins, Katherine R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Mallory, Mark L.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Prairie & No Reg, Iqaluit, NU, Canada. RP Wayland, M (reprint author), Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Prairie & No Reg, 115 Perimeter Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. EM mark.wayland@ec.gc.ca RI Mallory, Mark/A-1952-2017 OI Mallory, Mark/0000-0003-2744-3437 FU Environment Canada's Northern Ecosystem Initiative, Natural Resources Canada's Polar Continental Shelf Program; Department of Indian Affairs; Northern Development's Northern Contaminants Program FX Funding was provided by Environment Canada's Northern Ecosystem Initiative, Natural Resources Canada's Polar Continental Shelf Program and the Department of Indian Affairs, and Northern Development's Northern Contaminants Program. Animals were collected in accordance with terms of scientific permits issued by Environment Canada and the Government of Nunavut, following protocols that were approved by the Canadian Wildlife Service Animal Care Committee acting on behalf of the Canadian Council of Animal Care. We thank M.-L. Gentes, J. M. Devink, I. Storm, E. Cumming, N. North, A. Idrissi, P. Dunlop, E. Neugebauer, S. VanWilgenberg, S. Lawson, J. Conkin, P. Scully, and R. Zega for their assistance. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2010 VL 73 IS 15 BP 1058 EP 1073 DI 10.1080/15287394.2010.481619 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 618IZ UT WOS:000279347400004 PM 20526953 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Grove, RA Kaiser, JL Johnson, BL AF Henny, Charles J. Grove, Robert A. Kaiser, James L. Johnson, Branden L. TI North American Osprey Populations and Contaminants: Historic and Contemporary Perspectives SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PANDION-HALIAETUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; BIOMAGNIFICATION FACTORS AB Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) populations were adversely affected by DDT and perhaps other contaminants in the United States and elsewhere. Reduced productivity, eggshell thinning, and high DDE concentrations in eggs were the signs associated with declining osprey populations in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. The species was one of the first studied on a large scale to bring contaminant issues into focus. Although few quantitative population data were available prior to the 1960s, many osprey populations in North America were studied during the 1960s and 1970s with much learned about basic life history and biology. This article reviews the historical and current effects of contaminants on regional osprey populations. Breeding populations in many regions of North America showed post-DDT-era (1972) population increases of varying magnitudes, with many populations now appearing to stabilize at much higher numbers than initially reported in the 1970s and 1980s. However, the magnitude of regional population increases in the United States between 1981 (first Nationwide Survey, 8,000 pairs), when some recovery had already occurred, 1994 (second survey, 14,200), and 2001 (third survey, 16,000-19,000), or any other years, is likely not a simple response to the release from earlier contaminant effects, but a response to multi-factorial effects. This indirect ocontaminant effectso measurement comparing changes (i.e., recovery) in post-DDT-era population numbers over time is probably confounded by changing human attitudes toward birds of prey (shooting, destroying nests, etc.), changing habitats, changing fish populations, and perhaps competition from other species. The species' adaptation to newly created reservoirs and its increasing use of artificial nesting structures (power poles, nesting platforms, cell towers, channel markers, offshore duck blinds, etc.) are two important factors. The timing of the initial use of artificial nesting structures, which replaced declining numbers of suitable trees at many locations, varied regionally (much later in the western United States and Mexico). Because of the increasing use of artificial nesting structures, there may be more ospreys nesting in North America now than ever before. Now, with the impact of most legacy organic contaminants (DDT, other organochlorine [OC] pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCB], polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins [PCDD], polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF]) greatly reduced or eliminated, and some osprey populations showing evidence of stabilizing, the species was proposed as a Worldwide Sentinel Species for evaluating emerging contaminants. Several emerging contaminants are already being studied, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and perfluorinated acids and sulfonate compounds (PFC). The many advantages for continued contaminant investigations using the osprey include a good understanding of its biology and ecology, its known distribution and abundance, and its ability to habituate to humans and their activities, which permits nesting in some of the potentially most contaminated environments. It is a top predator in most ecosystems, and its nests are relatively easy to locate and study with little researcher impact on reproductive success. C1 [Henny, Charles J.; Grove, Robert A.; Kaiser, James L.; Johnson, Branden L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hennyc@usgs.gov NR 105 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 12 U2 77 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 EI 1521-6950 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 7-8 BP 579 EP 603 AR PII 931350571 DI 10.1080/10937404.2010.538658 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 696AK UT WOS:000285414100004 PM 21170810 ER PT J AU Heisey, DM Mickelsen, NA Schneider, JR Johnson, CJ Johnson, CJ Langenberg, JA Bochsler, PN Keane, DP Barr, DJ AF Heisey, Dennis M. Mickelsen, Natalie A. Schneider, Jay R. Johnson, Christopher J. Johnson, Chad J. Langenberg, Julia A. Bochsler, Philip N. Keane, Delwyn P. Barr, Daniel J. TI Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Susceptibility of Several North American Rodents That Are Sympatric with Cervid CWD Epidemics SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; VOLE PRION PROTEIN; TRANSGENIC MICE; SHEEP SCRAPIE; IN-VITRO; TRANSMISSION; WISCONSIN; BIOASSAY; HAMSTERS; REGION AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a highly contagious always fatal neurodegenerative disease that is currently known to naturally infect only species of the deer family, Cervidae. CWD epidemics are occurring in free-ranging cervids at several locations in North America, and other wildlife species are certainly being exposed to infectious material. To assess the potential for transmission, we intracerebrally inoculated four species of epidemic-sympatric rodents with CWD. Transmission was efficient in all species; the onset of disease was faster in the two vole species than the two Peromyscus spp. The results for inocula prepared from CWD-positive deer with or without CWD-resistant genotypes were similar. Survival times were substantially shortened upon second passage, demonstrating adaptation. Unlike all other known prion protein sequences for cricetid rodents that possess asparagine at position 170, our red-backed voles expressed serine and refute previous suggestions that a serine in this position substantially reduces susceptibility to CWD. Given the scavenging habits of these rodent species, the apparent persistence of CWD prions in the environment, and the inevitable exposure of these rodents to CWD prions, our intracerebral challenge results indicate that further investigation of the possibility of natural transmission is warranted. C1 [Heisey, Dennis M.; Mickelsen, Natalie A.; Schneider, Jay R.; Johnson, Christopher J.; Johnson, Chad J.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Prion Res Lab, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Johnson, Christopher J.] Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Johnson, Chad J.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Comparat Biosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Langenberg, Julia A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA. [Bochsler, Philip N.; Keane, Delwyn P.; Barr, Daniel J.] Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Heisey, DM (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Prion Res Lab, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dheisey@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Christopher/B-1436-2009 OI Johnson, Christopher/0000-0003-4539-2581 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 84 IS 1 BP 210 EP 215 DI 10.1128/JVI.00560-09 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 530BQ UT WOS:000272564300019 PM 19828611 ER PT J AU Fohey-Breting, NK Barth, AP Wooden, JL Mazdab, FK Carter, CA Schermer, ER AF Fohey-Breting, N. K. Barth, A. P. Wooden, J. L. Mazdab, F. K. Carter, C. A. Schermer, E. R. TI Relationship of voluminous ignimbrites to continental arc plutons: Petrology of Jurassic ignimbrites and contemporaneous plutons in southern California SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mesozoic; Jurassic; plutons; Sidewinder; California; zircons; tuff; ignimbrite; trace element; contemporaneous plutons ID CENTRAL MOJAVE DESERT; VOLCANIC SEQUENCES; MAGMA CHAMBERS; ZIRCON; EVOLUTION; MOUNTAIN; BATHOLITH; ROCKS; THERMOMETERS; EMPLACEMENT AB Volcanism was broadly associated in both space and time with Mesozoic plutonism in the Cordillera continental margin arc, but the precise petrogenetic relationships between volcanic rocks and adjacent zoned plutons are not known. Igneous rocks in a tilted crustal section in California include four laterally extensive Jurassic ash flow tuffs from 550 to >1100 m thick underlain at deeper structural levels by Jurassic plutons. Zircon geochronology confirms previous correlations of individual tuffs, suggesting ignimbrites with eruptive volumes up to 800 km(3) were deposited both during the apparent Early Jurassic plutonic lull as well as contemporaneous with solidification of regionally widespread Middle and Late Jurassic plutons. The tuffs are weakly to strongly porphyritic (5 to 55% phenocrysts) monotonous intermediate porphyritic dacite to low-silica rhyolite and show strong bulk rock chemical affinity to contemporaneous plutons. Trace element compositions of zircons from the tuffs and contemporaneous plutonic rocks record large and consistent differences in Hf/Zr and REE over similar ranges in Ti abundances, supporting bulk compositional similarities and illuminating similarities and variations in thermal histories despite the effects of hydrothermal alteration. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fohey-Breting, N. K.; Barth, A. P.; Carter, C. A.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Wooden, J. L.; Mazdab, F. K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schermer, E. R.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Fohey-Breting, NK (reprint author), ATC Associates Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46256 USA. EM nicole.fohey@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0408730, EAR-0711119] FX The National Science Foundation (EAR-0408730 and 0711119) provided support for this research. We thank Brad Ito for continuing support with SHRIMP maintenance and trouble-shooting. Lily Claiborne, Allen Glazner, Jonathan Miller and Paul Stone provided insightful discussions, and we thank Malcolm Rutherford and Shan de Silva for their reviews of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 189 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.010 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 549SA UT WOS:000274073200001 ER PT J AU O'Brien, VA Meteyer, CU Ip, HS Long, RR Brown, CR AF O'Brien, Valerie A. Meteyer, Carol U. Ip, Hon S. Long, Renee R. Brown, Charles R. TI PATHOLOGY AND VIRUS DETECTION IN TISSUES OF NESTLING HOUSE SPARROWS NATURALLY INFECTED WITH BUGGY CREEK VIRUS (TOGAVIRIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alphavirus; Buggy Greek virus; clinical pathology; House Sparrow; Passer domesticus; viral encephalitis; virus ecology ID EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; WESTERN GREAT-PLAINS; PASSER-DOMESTICUS L; HIGHLANDS J-VIRUS; OECIACUS-VICARIUS; CLIFF SWALLOWS; UNITED-STATES; HALE COUNTY; BIRDS; ARBOVIRUSES AB Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) infect wild birds, but clinical illness and death attributable to virus in naturally infected birds is rarely reported, particularly for small passerine species or nestlings. Buggy Greek virus is a unique alphavirus in the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) complex that is vectored by the cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius), an ectoparasite of the colonially nesting Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and the introduced House Spawwor (Passer domesticus). While sampling birds for Buggy Creek virus (BCRV) during the summers of 2007 and 2008, we discovered large numbers of clinically ill or dead House Sparrow nestlings. Ill nestlings exhibited ataxia, torticollis, paresis, and lethargy. Histologic examination revealed that encephalitis was the most common finding, followed by myositis, myocarditis, and hepatic changs, but pathology was highly variable. We isolated BCRV from brain tissue in most of the ill or dead nestlings, and from blood, liver, kidney, spleen lung, feather pulp, and skin in some birds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of clinical illness, gross pathology, and histopathology for a WEEV-complex alphavirus in a field-collected passerine species. C1 [O'Brien, Valerie A.; Brown, Charles R.] Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Meteyer, Carol U.; Ip, Hon S.; Long, Renee R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP O'Brien, VA (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, 800 S Tucker Dr, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM valerie-obrien@utulsa.edu FU NIH [A1057569]; NSF [DEB-0514824] FX This work was funded by NIH grant A1057569 and NSF grant DEB-0514824. The Cedar Point Biological Station of the University, of Nebraska-Lincoln provided logistical support. Kenton Miller, William Reisen, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments oil the manuscript. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement of the US Government. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 548JE UT WOS:000273957100003 PM 20090015 ER PT J AU Holloran, MJ Kaiser, RC Hubert, WA AF Holloran, Matthew J. Kaiser, Rusty C. Hubert, Wayne A. TI Yearling Greater Sage-Grouse Response to Energy Development in Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; energy development; greater sage-grouse; sage-grouse; Wyoming; yearling ID WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; WHITE-TAILED PTARMIGAN; CENTROCERCUS-UROPHASIANUS; SAGEBRUSH HABITATS; NATAL DISPERSAL; GAS DEVELOPMENT; POPULATIONS; FIDELITY; RECRUITMENT; CONFIDENCE AB Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)-dominated habitats in the western United States have experienced extensive, rapid changes due to development of natural-gas fields, resulting in localized declines of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations. It is unclear whether population declines in natural-gas fields are caused by avoidance or demographic impacts, or the age classes that are most affected. Land and wildlife management agencies need information on how energy developments affect sage-grouse populations to ensure informed land-use decisions are made, effective mitigation measures are identified, and appropriate monitoring programs are implemented (Sawyer et al. 2006). We used information from radio-equipped greater sage-grouse and lek counts to investigate natural-gas development influences on 1) the distribution of, and 2) the probability of recruiting yearling males and females into breeding populations in the Upper Green River Basin of southwestern Wyoming, USA. Yearling males avoided leks near the infrastructure of natural-gas fields when establishing breeding territories; yearling females avoided nesting within 950 m of the infrastructure of natural-gas fields. Additionally, both yearling males and yearling females reared in areas where infrastructure was present had lower annual survival, and yearling males established breeding territories less often, compared to yearlings reared in areas with no infrastructure. Our results supply mechanisms for population-level declines of sage-grouse documented in natural-gas fields, and suggest to land managers that current stipulations on development may not provide management solutions. Managing landscapes so that suitably sized and located regions remain undeveloped may be an effective strategy to sustain greater sage-grouse populations affected by energy developments. C1 [Holloran, Matthew J.] Wyoming Wildlife Consultants LLC, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [Kaiser, Rusty C.; Hubert, Wayne A.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Holloran, MJ (reprint author), Wyoming Wildlife Consultants LLC, 4402 Cheyenne Dr, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. EM matth@wyowildlife.com FU Bureau of Land Management; United States Department of Energy; WGFD; Yellowstone-to-Yukon Initiative; EnCana Oil Gas Inc.; Ultra Resources Inc.; Shell Rocky Mountain Production FX This work is dedicated to Dr. S. H. Anderson, former leader of the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, who was instrumental in initiating and sustaining sage-grouse research throughout Wyoming. Financial support was provided by the Bureau of Land Management, United States Department of Energy, WGFD, Yellowstone-to-Yukon Initiative, EnCana Oil & Gas Inc., Ultra Resources Inc., and Shell Rocky Mountain Production. We thank all the landowners in the upper Green River Basin that allowed access to private lands. Field assistance was provided by J. Anderson, D. Edmunds, R. Holloran, B. Holtby, S. Huber, D. Jacobson, L. Knox, J. Michalak, T. Parker, S. Slater, R. Stewart, J. Swift, C. Taber, J. Vick, G. Wilson, and D. Woolwine. Technical assistance was provided by Western EcoSystems Technology Inc. (Cheyenne, WY), Edge Environmental Inc. (Laramie, WY), Bureau of Land Management Pinedale field office (Pinedale, WY), and the WGFD Jackson-Pinedale regional office (Pinedale, WY). Telemetry flights and lek surveys were conducted with the assistance of Mountain Air Research (Driggs, ID) and Sky Aviation (Dubois, WY). This manuscript was greatly improved by critical reviews from C. E. Braun, T. J. Christiansen, K. E. Doherty, D. E. Naugle, E. T. Rinkes, B. L. Walker, and M. J. Willis. NR 51 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.2193/2008-291 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 538XW UT WOS:000273218700010 ER PT J AU Flint, PL Schamber, JL AF Flint, Paul L. Schamber, Jason L. TI Long-Term Persistence of Spent Lead Shot in Tundra Wetlands SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; lead poisoning; lead shot; settlement rate; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; SPECTACLED EIDERS; SETTLEMENT RATES; DIVING DUCKS; ALASKA; DENSITIES; EXPOSURE; PELLETS AB We seeded experimental plots with number 4 lead pellets and sampled these plots for 10 years to assess the settlement rate of pellets in tundra wetland types commonly used by foraging waterfowl. After 10 years, about 10% of pellets remained within 6 cm of the surface, but >50% remained within 10 cm. We predict that spent lead pellets will eventually become unavailable to waterfowl; however, it will likely require >25 years for all pellets to exceed depths at which waterfowl species may forage. C1 [Flint, Paul L.; Schamber, Jason L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM pflint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Region 7 Division of Migratory Bird Management; United States Geological Survey; Alaska Science Center FX This study was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 7 Division of Migratory Bird Management and the United States Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. We thank R. Leedy, R. Oates, and D. Derksen for their support. We also thank the many technicians (too numerous to list) who assisted with set-up, sampling, and clean-up of the plots. D. Derksen, J. C. Franson, and T. Fondell commented on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank Associate Editor Dugger for his time and efforts in improving our presentation. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 148 EP 151 DI 10.2193/2008-494 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 538XW UT WOS:000273218700020 ER PT J AU Meretsky, VJ Brack, V Carter, TC Clawson, R Currie, RR Hemberger, TA Herzog, CJ Hicks, AC Kath, JA Macgregor, JR King, RA Good, DH AF Meretsky, Vicky J. Brack, Virgil, Jr. Carter, Timothy C. Clawson, Richard Currie, Robert R. Hemberger, Traci A. Herzog, Carl J. Hicks, Alan C. Kath, Joseph A. Macgregor, John R. King, R. Andrew Good, David H. TI Digital Photography Improves Consistency and Accuracy of Bat Counts in Hibernacula SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE error detection; Indiana bat; interobserver variability; photography; population estimation; simulation ID MYOTIS-SODALIS AB The size and distribution of measurement errors associated with major techniques for estimating numbers of hibernating bats are unstudied, although this is the principle method of enumerating several endangered bat species. However, decisions concerning the listing status of a species under the Endangered Species Act require consistent and accurate estimation of population size and trends. Recent advances in digital photography have improved the ability to produce a quantitative record of the numbers of bats in hibernacula. We surveyed clusters of Indiana bats in a hibernaculum and compared results from counts of digital photographs of clusters to results from 4 variations of visual estimation. We counted bats in photographs using Geographic Information System digitization over the photograph. Total counts from 2 sets of photographs varied by <1.5%. Nonphotographic estimation techniques varied from 76% to 142% of counts from photographs for clusters for which estimation (rather than counting) was used. Where feasible, photography can improve status and trend information for species of concern, permitting more timely and specific management actions. C1 [Meretsky, Vicky J.; Good, David H.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Brack, Virgil, Jr.] Environm Solut & Innovat Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45233 USA. [Carter, Timothy C.] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Clawson, Richard] Missouri Dept Conservat, Resource Sci Div, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Currie, Robert R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Hemberger, Traci A.; Macgregor, John R.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Wildlife Divers Program, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Herzog, Carl J.; Hicks, Alan C.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Endangered Species Unit, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Kath, Joseph A.] Illinois Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife Resources, Springfield, IL 62702 USA. [King, R. Andrew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RP Meretsky, VJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM meretsky@indiana.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.2193/2008-306 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 538XW UT WOS:000273218700023 ER PT J AU Hamel, MJ Richards, NS Brown, ML Chipps, SR AF Hamel, Martin J. Richards, Nathan S. Brown, Michael L. Chipps, Steven R. TI Avoidance of strobe lights by zooplankton SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; deterrent; interactions; strobe lights; zooplankton ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; FISH; WASHINGTON; SMELT AB Hamel MJ, Richards NS, Brown ML, Chipps SR. 2010. Avoidance of strobe lights by zooplankton. Lake Reserv Manage. 26:212-216. Underwater strobe lights can influence the behavior and distribution of fishes and are increasingly used as a technique to divert fish away from water intake structures on dams. However, few studies examine how strobe lights may affect organisms other than targeted species. To gain insight on strobe lighting effects on nontarget invertebrates, we investigated whether underwater strobe lights influence zooplankton distributions and abundance in Lake Oahe, South Dakota. Zooplankton were collected using vertical tows at 3 discrete distances from an underwater strobe light to quantify the influence of light intensity on zooplankton density. Samples were collected from 3 different depth ranges (0-10 m, 10-20 m and 20-30 m) at < 1 m, 15 m and >= 100 m distance intervals away from the strobe light. Copepods represented 67.2% and Daphnia spp. represented 23.3% of all zooplankton sampled from 17 August to 15 September 2004. Night time zooplankton densities significantly decreased in surface waters when strobe lights were activated. Copepods exhibited the greatest avoidance patterns, while Daphnia avoidance varied throughout sampling depths. These results indicate that zooplankton display negative phototaxic behavior to strobe lights and that researchers must be cognizant of potential effects to the ecosystem such as altering predator-prey interactions or affecting zooplankton distribution and growth. C1 [Hamel, Martin J.; Richards, Nathan S.; Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Chipps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Hamel, MJ (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, No Plains Biostress Lab, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM mhamel2@unl.edu FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program [F-15-R, 1582] FX We thank W. Nelson-Stastny, A. Leingang, C. Longhenry and the graduate students who provided field support. In addition, we thank the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks staff at the Missouri River Fisheries Center in Pierre, South Dakota for their technical assistance and for providing support facilities. Funding for this project was provided by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program, Project F-15-R, Study Number 1582, administered by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1080/07438141.2010.511968 PG 5 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 731NU UT WOS:000288116800006 ER PT J AU Umek, J Chandra, S Rosen, M Wittmann, M Sullivan, J Orsak, E AF Umek, John Chandra, Sudeep Rosen, Michael Wittmann, Marion Sullivan, Joe Orsak, Erik TI Importance of benthic production to fish populations in Lake Mead prior to the establishment of quagga mussels SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive species; fish; benthic invertebrates ID TOP-DOWN CONTROL; FOOD WEBS; PATHWAYS; NEVADA; MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; DELTA-N-15; RESERVOIRS AB Limnologists recently have developed an interest in quantifying benthic resource contributions to higher-level consumers. Much of this research focuses on natural lakes with very little research in reservoirs. In this study, we provide a contemporary snapshot of the food web structure of Lake Mead to evaluate the contribution of benthic resources to fish consumers. In addition, we document the available food to fishes on soft sediments and changes to the invertebrate community over 2 time periods. Benthic invertebrate food availability for fishes is greater in Las Vegas Bay than Overton Arm. Las Vegas Bay is dominated by oligochaetes, whose biomass increased with depth, while Overton Arm is dominated by chironomids, whose biomass did not change with depth. Diet and isotopic measurements indicate the fish community largely relies on benthic resources regardless of basin (Las Vegas Bay > 80%; Overton Arm > 92%); however, the threadfin shad likely contribute more to largemouth and striped bass production in Overton Arm versus Las Vegas Bay. A 2-time period analysis, pre and post quagga mussel establishment and during lake level declines, suggests there is no change in the density of benthic invertebrates in Boulder Basin, but there were greater abundances of select taxa in this basin by season and depth than in other basins. Given the potential of alterations as a result of the expansion of quagga mussel and the reliance of the fishery on benthic resources, future investigation of basin specific, benthic processes is recommended. C1 [Umek, John; Chandra, Sudeep; Sullivan, Joe] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Rosen, Michael] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Wittmann, Marion] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Incline Village, NV 89451 USA. [Orsak, Erik] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Reno, NV 89130 USA. RP Chandra, S (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM sudeep@cabnr.unr.edu RI Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015 FU Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act [08WRAR0007] FX The project was supported by funds generated from the Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act to the National Park Service (Cooperative Agreement Number 08WRAR0007- US Geological Survey and the Great Basin Institute) and a second award to S. Chandra. We thank Jorge Arufe and Chuck Fisher (US Geological Survey) as well as Annie Caires, Marianne Denton, Jason Barnes, and undergraduate students from the Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis Laboratory at the University of Nevada-Reno for field collections and identifications. We would like to give a special thank you to Steven Goodbred for development of this project and collection of fish samples. Carla Weiser and Reynaldo Patino assisted with field collection and provided fish samples. Conversations with the Interagency Quagga Mussel working group were very helpful, especially those with Todd Tietjen and Peggy Roefer (Southern Nevada Water Authority), Kent Turner (National Park Service), and Chris Holdren (USBR). Reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript by USGS reviewers Steve Lawrence and Lari Knochemnus, and by Michael Parker (Southern Oregon University) greatly improved the manuscript. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1080/07438141.2010.541328 PG 13 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 731OC UT WOS:000288117800008 ER PT J AU Wittmann, ME Chandra, S Caires, A Denton, M Rosen, MR Wong, WH Teitjen, T Turner, K Roefer, P Holdren, GC AF Wittmann, Marion E. Chandra, Sudeep Caires, Andrea Denton, Marianne Rosen, Michael R. Wong, Wai Hing Teitjen, Todd Turner, Kent Roefer, Peggy Holdren, G. Chris TI Early invasion population structure of quagga mussel and associated benthic invertebrate community composition on soft sediment in a large reservoir SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dreissenid mussels; invasion; Lake Mead; quagga mussel; species diversity ID EASTERN LAKE-ERIE; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; NORTH-AMERICA; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; ZEBRA MUSSELS; GREAT-LAKES; WATER; BUGENSIS; MEAD; NEVADA AB In 2007 an invasive dreissenid mussel species, Dreissena bugensis (quagga mussel), was discovered in Lake Mead reservoir (AZ-NV). Within 2 years, adult populations have spread throughout the lake and are not only colonizing hard substrates, but also establishing in soft sediments at depths ranging from 1 to > 100 m. Dreissena bugensis size class and population density distribution differs between basins; cluster analysis revealed 5 adult cohorts within Boulder Basin and Overton Arm but low densities and low cohort survival in the Las Vegas Basin. Regression analysis suggests depth and temperature are not primary controllers of D. bugensis density in Lake Mead, indicating other factors such as sediment type, food availability or other resource competition may be important. Monthly veliger tows showed at least 2 major spawning events per year, with continuous presence of veligers in the water column. Adult mussels have been found in spawn or post-spawn condition in soft sediments in shallow to deep waters (> 80 m) indicating the potential for reproduction at multiple depths. Comparisons to a 1986 benthic survey suggest there have been shifts in nondreissenid macroinvertebrate composition; however, it is unclear if this is due to D. bugensis presence. Current distribution of nondreissenid macroinvertebrates is heterogeneous in all 3 basins, and their biodiversity decreased when D. bugensis density was 2500/m(2) or greater. C1 [Wittmann, Marion E.] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Incline Village, NV 89451 USA. [Chandra, Sudeep; Caires, Andrea; Denton, Marianne] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Nevada Water Sci Ctr, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Wong, Wai Hing] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Teitjen, Todd; Roefer, Peggy] River Mt Water Treatment Facil, So Nevada Water Author, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Turner, Kent] Lake Mead Natl Recreat Area, Natl Pk Serv, Boulder City, NV 89005 USA. [Holdren, G. Chris] US Bur Reclamat, Dept Interior, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wittmann, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, 291 Country Club Dr, Incline Village, NV 89451 USA. EM mwittmann@ucdavis.edu RI Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015 FU National Park Service through Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act; University of Nevada FX Funding for this study was provided by the National Park Service through funds available from the Southern Nevada Public Lands Management Act and University of Nevada to S. Chandra and M.R. Rosen. Special thank you to the students and staff of the University of Nevada Reno Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis Laboratory (John Umek, Dave Rios, Alexander Kolosovich, Christine Ngai, Justin Tiano, Jason Barnes, Marcy Kamerath), the Desert Research Institute (Dr. Kumud Acharya, Carolyn Link, and Candi Shulman), and the University of Nevada Las Vegas (Craig Palmer, Shawn Gerstenberger), and James Moore of the California Department of Fish and Game who aided greatly in field collections and laboratory processing. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0743-8141 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 316 EP 327 DI 10.1080/07438141.2010.519855 PG 12 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 731OC UT WOS:000288117800010 ER PT B AU Carr, MH Head, JW AF Carr, Michael H. Head, James W. BE Cabrol, NA Grin, EA TI Acquisition and history of water on Mars SO LAKES ON MARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARTIAN NORTHERN PLAINS; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; LOBATE DEBRIS APRONS; NILI FOSSAE REGION; VALLES-MARINERIS; GROUND ICE; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; LAYERED DEPOSITS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; CERBERUS FOSSAE C1 [Carr, Michael H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Carr, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 182 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093162-3; 978-0-444-52854-4 PY 2010 BP 31 EP 67 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52854-4.00002-7 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BEM52 UT WOS:000317360100004 ER PT J AU Lucchitta, BK AF Lucchitta, Baerbel K. BE Cabrol, NA Grin, EA TI Lakes in Valles Marineris SO LAKES ON MARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARTIAN OUTFLOW CHANNELS; TONED LAYERED DEPOSITS; WEST CANDOR CHASMA; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; EARLY MARS; COPRATES-CHASMA; JUVENTAE CHASMA; BURNS FORMATION; THARSIS REGION; MELAS CHASMA C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lucchitta, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 152 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093162-3 PY 2010 BP 111 EP 161 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52854-4.00005-2 PG 51 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BEM52 UT WOS:000317360100007 ER PT B AU Wilson, SA Moore, JM Howard, AD Wilhelms, DE AF Wilson, Sharon A. Moore, Jeffrey M. Howard, Alan D. Wilhelms, Don E. BE Cabrol, NA Grin, EA TI Evidence for ancient lakes in the Hellas region SO LAKES ON MARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOBATE DEBRIS APRONS; MARS ORBITER CAMERA; VALLEY FORMATION; MARGARITIFER SINUS; VOLCANIC GEOLOGY; MARTIAN VOLCANOS; SUMMIT SNOWPACK; THERMAL INERTIA; EVOLUTION; BASIN C1 [Wilson, Sharon A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Howard, Alan D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Wilhelms, Don E.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Wilson, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. OI Howard, Alan/0000-0002-5423-1600 NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093162-3; 978-0-444-52854-4 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 222 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52854-4.00007-6 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BEM52 UT WOS:000317360100009 ER PT S AU Holzer, TL AF Holzer, T. L. BE CarreonFreyre, D Cerca, M Galloway, DL SilvaCorona, JJ TI Implications of ground-deformation measurements across earth fissures in subsidence areas in the southwestern USA SO LAND SUBSIDENCE, ASSOCIATED HAZARDS AND THE ROLE OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Land Subsidence CY OCT 17-22, 2010 CL Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Santiago de Queretaro, MEXICO HO Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico DE subsidence; earth fissure; ground deformation; geodesy; monitoring; creep; groundwater; USA ID GARLOCK FAULT; CALIFORNIA; ARIZONA AB Ground deformation was monitored at earth fissures in areas of land subsidence induced by groundwater extraction in the southwestern United States. The ground deformation is consistent with the mechanism that fissures are caused by horizontal strains generated by bending of overburden in response to localized differential compaction. Subsidence profiles indicated that localized differential subsidence occurred across the fissures and that maximum convex-upward curvature was at the fissure. The overall shape of the profile stayed similar with time, and maximum curvature remained stationary at the fissure. Horizontal displacements were largest near the fissure, and generally were small to negligible away from the fissure. Maximum tensile horizontal strains were at the fissure and coincided with maximum curvature in the subsidence profiles. Horizontal tensile strain continued to accumulate at fissures after they formed, with rates of opening ranging from 30 to 120 microstrain/year at fissures in Arizona. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Holzer, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tholzer@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-12-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2010 VL 339 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BYC89 UT WOS:000298025200003 ER PT S AU Densmore, J Ellett, K Howle, J Carpenter, M Sneed, M AF Densmore, Jill Ellett, Kevin Howle, Jim Carpenter, Michael Sneed, Michelle BE CarreonFreyre, D Cerca, M Galloway, DL SilvaCorona, JJ TI Monitoring land-surface deformation on Bicycle Lake playa, Fort Irwin, California, USA SO LAND SUBSIDENCE, ASSOCIATED HAZARDS AND THE ROLE OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Land Subsidence CY OCT 17-22, 2010 CL Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Santiago de Queretaro, MEXICO HO Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico DE land-surface deformation; fissure; macropolygons; geodetic levelling; EDM; tape extensometer; LiDAR; subsidence AB Groundwater pumping in the Bicycle Basin in the northern Mojave Desert, one of the major sources of water supply at Fort Irwin National Training Center (NTC), California, has increased since the 1990s. The increased pumping has resulted in as much as 25 m of water-level decline between 1990 and 2009 and as much as 270 mm of subsidence occurred during 1993-2006. Land-surface deformation, consisting of an earth fissure and sink-like depressions, occurred in 2005 on the Bicycle Lake (dry) playa in the southern part of the basin. Earth fissures are a major concern to the NTC because aircraft runways constructed on the playa are used for transporting troops and supplies. Giant desiccation cracks or macropolygons also have been observed on the playa indicating that soil desiccation may play a role in the fissure formation. A monitoring system was developed to evaluate the driving mechanisms of fissuring and to provide an on-going assessment of the ground-failure hazard. Land-surface deformation and movement across the fissure is being monitored using: (I) repeated geodetic levelling surveys, (2) electronic distance measurement (EDM) surveys, (3) high-resolution ground-based, tripod-mounted Light Detection and Ranging surveys (T-LiDAR) for measurement of three-dimensional (3-D) changes across the fissure and adjacent areas, and (4) tape extensometer (tapex) measurements for horizontal changes across the fissure. The desiccation mechanism is being assessed using heat-dissipation sensors (HDPs) coupled with laboratory-scale experiments of soil desiccation. Preliminary results from repeat EDM surveys were inconclusive but repeat tapex measurements show that the fissure appears to be opening at a rate of similar to 1-2 mm/year which may be in response to similar to 4 m measured water-level decline during 2008-2009. Combining automated measurements from tiltmeters and HDPs may help provide a tool for real-time monitoring of fissure hazards. C1 [Densmore, Jill; Ellett, Kevin; Sneed, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Densmore, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jidensmo@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-12-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2010 VL 339 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BYC89 UT WOS:000298025200007 ER PT S AU Leake, SA Galloway, DL AF Leake, Stanley A. Galloway, Devin L. BE CarreonFreyre, D Cerca, M Galloway, DL SilvaCorona, JJ TI Use of the SUB-WT Package for MODFLOW to simulate aquifer-system compaction in Antelope Valley, California, USA SO LAND SUBSIDENCE, ASSOCIATED HAZARDS AND THE ROLE OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Land Subsidence CY OCT 17-22, 2010 CL Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Santiago de Queretaro, MEXICO HO Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico DE subsidence; aquifer-system compaction; groundwater model; Antelope Valley, California, USA AB The Antelope Valley of southern California, USA, includes a basin-fill aquifer system with an upper unconfined aquifer and middle and lower confined aquifers. Groundwater pumping has caused nearly 2 in (1930-1992) of subsidence near the city of Lancaster. A previous model simulated regional groundwater flow, aquifer-system compaction and subsidence in Antelope Valley using the US Geological Survey modular groundwater flow model MODFLOW with the Interbed Storage Package, version 1 (IBS1). That approach used the assumptions of constant geostatic stress and skeletal specific storage. The newer Subsidence and Aquifer-System Compaction Package (SUB-WT) for water-table aquifers for MODFLOW allows geostatic stress to vary as a function of the position of the water table, and uses stress-dependent skeletal storage coefficients. For this study, the previous model was converted to use SUB-WT to assess the importance of accounting for variable geostatic stress and stress-dependent storage on subsidence simulations in Antelope Valley. C1 [Leake, Stanley A.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Leake, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave,Suite 221, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM saleake@usgs.gov OI Galloway, Devin/0000-0003-0904-5355 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-12-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2010 VL 339 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BYC89 UT WOS:000298025200011 ER PT S AU Sneed, M AF Sneed, M. BE CarreonFreyre, D Cerca, M Galloway, DL SilvaCorona, JJ TI Measurement of land subsidence using interferometry, Coachella Valley, California SO LAND SUBSIDENCE, ASSOCIATED HAZARDS AND THE ROLE OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Land Subsidence CY OCT 17-22, 2010 CL Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Santiago de Queretaro, MEXICO HO Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico DE land subsidence; differential aquifer-system compaction; InSAR; geological controls AB Interferometry of satellite radar data collected from 2003 to 2009 was used to determine the location, extent and magnitude of land subsidence associated with groundwater-level declines in the Coachella Valley, California, USA. Groundwater has been a major source of agricultural, municipal and domestic supply in the valley since the early 1920s, resulting in water-level declines of as much as 30 metres by 2009. Differential subsidence has damaged buildings, roads, water conveyance canals and other infrastructure near La Quinta, in the southwestern part of the valley. Comparison of interferometry data for 2003-2009 to previously reported data for 1996-2000 indicates that subsidence rates have increased by at least a factor of two since 2003 in the urban areas of Palm Desert, Indian Wells and La Quinta. Water levels in most wells in these areas declined to their lowest recorded levels on an annual basis during 2003-2009. The correlation between the deformation time series derived from interferometry and water levels in nearby wells indicates that the preconsolidation stress may have been exceeded and the subsidence likely is mostly permanent. Water-level recoveries during 2009 have reduced the subsidence rates in Indian Wells and La Quinta. The subsidence measured using interferometry is limited to the western margin of the valley although water levels have reached historic lows throughout most of the valley, suggesting that tine-grained compressible sediments have been preferentially deposited in this part of the valley. Subsidence terminates abruptly to the northeast of Palm Desert, suggesting an abrupt change in lithology or differing effective thicknesses of compressible deposits, possibly caused by faulting, that controls the occurrence and extent of subsidence. Co-located continuous-GPS and groundwater-level time series, additional interferograms and detailed geological and water-level information may provide further insight into the physical controls on subsidence processes in the Coachella Valley. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Sneed, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3020 State Univ Dr E,Suite 4004, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM micsneed@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-12-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2010 VL 339 BP 260 EP 263 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BYC89 UT WOS:000298025200048 ER PT S AU Hanson, RT Flint, AL Flint, LE Faunt, CC Schmid, W Dettinger, MD Leake, SA Cayan, DR AF Hanson, R. T. Flint, A. L. Flint, L. E. Faunt, C. C. Schmid, Wolfgang Dettinger, M. D. Leake, S. A. Cayan, D. R. BE CarreonFreyre, D Cerca, M Galloway, DL SilvaCorona, JJ TI Integrated simulation of consumptive use and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, for the past and for a future subject to urbanization and climate change SO LAND SUBSIDENCE, ASSOCIATED HAZARDS AND THE ROLE OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Land Subsidence CY OCT 17-22, 2010 CL Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Santiago de Queretaro, MEXICO HO Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico DE groundwater; climate change; hydrological model; land subsidence AB Competition for water resources is growing throughout California, particularly in the Central Valley where about 20% of all groundwater used in the United States of America is consumed for agriculture and urban water supply. Continued agricultural use coupled with urban growth and potential climate change would result in continued depletion of groundwater storage and associated land subsidence throughout the Central Valley. For 1962-2003, an estimated 1230 hectametres (hm(3)) of water was withdrawn from fine-grained beds, resulting in more than three metres (m) of additional land subsidence locally. Linked physically-based, supply-constrained and demand-driven hydrological models were used to simulate future hydrological conditions under the A2 climate projection scenario that assumes continued "business as usual" greenhouse gas emissions. Results indicate an increased subsidence in the second half of the twenty-first century. Potential simulated land subsidence extends into urban areas and the eastern side of the valley where future surface-water deliveries may be depleted. C1 [Hanson, R. T.; Faunt, C. C.] USGS, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Hanson, RT (reprint author), USGS, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM rthanson@usgs.gov RI Schmid, Wolfgang/H-9627-2013 OI Schmid, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6191-2781 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-12-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2010 VL 339 BP 467 EP 471 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BYC89 UT WOS:000298025200087 ER PT J AU Cornell, KL Donovan, TM AF Cornell, Kerri L. Donovan, Therese M. TI Effects of spatial habitat heterogeneity on habitat selection and annual fecundity for a migratory forest songbird SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Black-throated blue warbler; Dendroica caerulescens; Habitat heterogeneity; Habitat selection; Reproductive success; Spatial population dynamics ID THROATED BLUE WARBLERS; NEST-SITE SELECTION; CROSS-SCALE INTERACTIONS; BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; BREEDING BIRDS; DENDROICA-CAERULESCENS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; PAIRING SUCCESS AB Understanding how spatial habitat patterns influence abundance and dynamics of animal populations is a primary goal in landscape ecology. We used an information-theoretic approach to investigate the association between habitat patterns at multiple spatial scales and demographic patterns for black-throated blue warblers (Dendroica caerulescens) at 20 study sites in west-central Vermont, USA from 2002 to 2005. Sites were characterized by: (1) territory-scale shrub density, (2) patch-scale shrub density occurring within 25 ha of territories, and (3) landscape-scale habitat patterns occurring within 5 km radius extents of territories. We considered multiple population parameters including abundance, age ratios, and annual fecundity. Territory-scale shrub density was most important for determining abundance and age ratios, but landscape-scale habitat structure strongly influenced reproductive output. Sites with higher territory-scale shrub density had higher abundance, and were more likely to be occupied by older, more experienced individuals compared to sites with lower shrub density. However, annual fecundity was higher on sites located in contiguously forested landscapes where shrub density was lower than the fragmented sites. Further, effects of habitat pattern at one spatial scale depended on habitat conditions at different scales. For example, abundance increased with increasing territory-scale shrub density, but this effect was much stronger in fragmented landscapes than in contiguously forested landscapes. These results suggest that habitat pattern at different spatial scales affect demographic parameters in different ways, and that effects of habitat patterns at one spatial scale depends on habitat conditions at other scales. C1 [Cornell, Kerri L.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Cornell, KL (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM kcduerr@wm.edu; therese.donovan@uvm.edu FU National Science Foundation; Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department; US Department of Agriculture McIntyre Stennis fund FX This project was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, and US Department of Agriculture McIntyre Stennis fund. We thank R. T. Holmes, A. M. Strong, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. Finally, this project would not have been possible without the hard work and persistence of many field assistants. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, the University of Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Use of trade names in this article does not confer government endorsement. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9405-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 542FT UT WOS:000273479100009 ER PT J AU Larsen, RT Bissonette, JA Flinders, JT Hooten, MB Wilson, TL AF Larsen, Randy T. Bissonette, John A. Flinders, Jerran T. Hooten, Mevin B. Wilson, Tammy L. TI Summer spatial patterning of chukars in relation to free water in western Utah SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Guzzler; Monte Carlo; Spatial pattern; Spatial structure; Water development ID DESERT CHUKARS; ALECTORIS-CHUKAR; TURNOVER RATES; WILDLIFE; FALL; PARTRIDGE; OREGON; DIET AB Free water is considered important to wildlife in arid regions. In the western United States, thousands of water developments have been built to benefit wildlife in arid landscapes. Agencies and researchers have yet to clearly demonstrate their effectiveness. We combined a spatial analysis of summer chukar (Alectoris chukar) covey locations with dietary composition analysis in western Utah. Our specific objectives were to determine if chukars showed a spatial pattern that suggested association with free water in four study areas and to document summer dietary moisture content in relation to average distance from water. The observed data for the Cedar Mountains study area fell within the middle of the random mean distance to water distribution suggesting no association with free water. The observed mean distance to water for the other three areas was much closer than expected compared to a random spatial process, suggesting the importance of free water to these populations. Dietary moisture content of chukar food items from the Cedar Mountains (59%) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of birds from Box Elder (44%) and Keg-Dugway (44%). Water developments on the Cedar Mountains are likely ineffective for chukars. Spatial patterns on the other areas, however, suggest association with free water and our results demonstrate the need for site-specific considerations. Researchers should be aware of the potential to satisfy water demand with pre-formed and metabolic water for a variety of species in studies that address the effects of wildlife water developments. We encourage incorporation of spatial structure in model error components in future ecological research. C1 [Larsen, Randy T.; Flinders, Jerran T.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wilson, Tammy L.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Larsen, RT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, 407 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM randy_larsen@byu.edu FU Utah Upland Game Advisory Committee; Utah Chukar and Wildlife Foundation; Brigham Young University; Carson Valley Chukar Club; Nevada Chukar Foundation; Pershing County Chukars Unlimited; Pheasants Forever, Salt Lake County Fish and Game Association; Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah State University; Water for Wildlife Foundation FX We thank Dean Mitchell, Ernie Perkins, and members of the Utah Upland Game Advisory Committee for their support and volunteer time along with T. Proctor and other members of the Utah Chukar and Wildlife Foundation. Brigham Young University, Carson Valley Chukar Club, Nevada Chukar Foundation, Pershing County Chukars Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, Salt Lake County Fish and Game Association, SportDOG Brand (TM), Sportsmen for Fish and Wildlife, Utah Chukar and Wildlife Foundation, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah State University, and Water for Wildlife Foundation provided financial and logistical support of this research. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9407-z PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 542FT UT WOS:000273479100011 ER PT S AU Varricchio, DJ Koeberl, C Raven, RF Wolbach, WS Elsik, WC Miggins, DP AF Varricchio, David J. Koeberl, Christian Raven, Russell F. Wolbach, Wendy S. Elsik, William C. Miggins, Daniel P. BE Gibson, RL Reimold, WU TI Tracing the Manson impact event across the Western Interior Cretaceous Seaway SO LARGE METEORITE IMPACTS AND PLANETARY EVOLUTION IV SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 2 MEDICINE FORMATION; CROW CREEK MEMBER; AR-40/AR-39 AGE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; TERTIARY BOUNDARY; PIERRE SHALE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MONTANA; USA AB The Campanian Manson impact structure of Iowa represents the best-preserved, large-diameter complex crater within the continental United States. The related bolide struck from the southeast at a low angle, potentially distributing ejecta downrange to the northwest across the Western Interior Cretaceous Seaway. Here, we (1) examine possible correlation of Manson impact horizons across the Cretaceous seaway to terrestrial formations of Montana, and (2) test a large hadrosaur bone bed from the Two Medicine Formation for evidence indicative of the Manson impact. The study includes geochronology; palynomorph, soot, and geochemical analyses; and physical searches for impact ejecta. The impact ejecta-bearing Crow Creek Member of the marine Pierre Shale can be correlated to the SB2 discontinuity in the Judith River and Two Medicine Formations of Montana based on radiometric dates, ammonite zonation, and an association with the onset of the Bearpaw transgression. A(40)Ar/Ar-39 analysis of an associated bentonite bed dates the hadrosaur bone bed (TM-003) to 75.92 +/- 0.32 Ma referenced to MMhb-1 at 523.1 Ma. This bentonite and associated lacustrine units suggest a potential correlation with the SB2 and the Crow Creek Member. However, our examination of the bone bed produced no definitive impact evidence. The combined analyses did reveal three unusual aspects: (1) an abundance of Ulmoideipites sp., (2) a high soot content, and (3) elemental and mineralogical changes suggestive of distinct geochemical units. A major wildfire followed by a postcatastrophe bloom dominated by Ulmoideipites sp. likely preceded the eventual debris flow that generated the bone bed. The SB2 discontinuity and the 33n.3r magnetic subzone represent traceable stratigraphic markers that could serve as guides in future exploration for Manson impact evidence in terrestrial formations west of the seaway. C1 [Varricchio, David J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Koeberl, Christian] Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, A-10903 Vienna, Austria. [Wolbach, Wendy S.] Depaul Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60014 USA. [Elsik, William C.] MycoStrat Connect, Snook, TX 77878 USA. [Miggins, Daniel P.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Varricchio, DJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. OI Wolbach, Wendy/0000-0003-4398-8269 NR 92 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2465-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 465 BP 269 EP 299 DI 10.1130/2010.2465(17) PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BTA55 UT WOS:000286213800018 ER PT S AU Edwards, LE Powars, DS Horton, JW Gohn, GS Self-Trail, JM Litwin, RJ AF Edwards, Lucy E. Powars, David S. Horton, J. Wright, Jr. Gohn, Gregory S. Self-Trail, Jean M. Litwin, Ronald J. BE Gibson, RL Reimold, WU TI Inside the crater, outside the crater: Stratigraphic details of the margin of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA SO LARGE METEORITE IMPACTS AND PLANETARY EVOLUTION IV SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEW-JERSEY; CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS; COASTAL-PLAIN; ATLANTIC; MIOCENE; SEA; ASSEMBLAGES; SYMMICTITE; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS AB Two cores at the outer margin of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure show significant structural and depositional variations that illuminate its history. Detailed stratigraphy of the Watkins School core reveals that this site is outside the disruption boundary of the crater with respect to its lower part (nonmarine Cretaceous Potomac Formation), but just inside the boundary with respect to its upper part (Exmore Formation and a succession of upper Eocene to Pleistocene postimpact deposits). The site of the U.S. Geological Survey-National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley core, 6.4 km to the east, lies wholly within the annular trough of the crater. The Potomac Formation in the Watkins School core is not noticeably impact disrupted. The lower part of crater unit A in the Langley core represents stratigraphically lower, but similarly undeformed material. The Exmore Formation is only 7.8 m thick in the Watkins School core, but it is over 200 m thick in the Langley core, where it contains blocks up to 24 m in intersected diameter. The upper part of the Exmore Formation in the two cores is a polymict diamicton with a stratified zone at the top. The postimpact sedimentary units in the two cores have similar late Eocene and late Miocene depositional histories and contrasting Oligocene, early Miocene, and middle Miocene histories. A paleochannel of the James River removed Pliocene deposits at the Watkins School site, to be filled later with thick Pleistocene deposits. At the Langley site, a thick Pliocene and thinner Pleistocene record is preserved. C1 [Edwards, Lucy E.; Powars, David S.; Horton, J. Wright, Jr.; Gohn, Gregory S.; Self-Trail, Jean M.; Litwin, Ronald J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Edwards, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 97 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2465-2 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 465 BP 319 EP 393 DI 10.1130/2010.2465(19) PG 75 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BTA55 UT WOS:000286213800020 ER PT J AU Neff, M Sumner, DY Bawden, GW Bromberg, E Davidson, D Gilbride, S Kellogg, LH Kreylos, O AF Neff, Michael Sumner, Dawn Y. Bawden, Gerald W. Bromberg, Ellen Davidson, Della Gilbride, Shelly Kellogg, Louise H. Kreylos, Oliver TI BLENDING ART AND SCIENCE TO CREATE COLLAPSE (SUDDENLY FALLING DOWN) SO LEONARDO LA English DT Article DE LiDAR; dance; collapse; motion capture AB Understanding the collapse of natural and social systems is a key artistic and scientific endeavor. By collaborating on a multimedia dance-theatre production, we contributed individual approaches, techniques, and insights to a performance that captured both cultural and scientific aspects of collapse in an aesthetically meaningful way. C1 [Neff, Michael] Univ Calif Davis, Comp Sci & Technocultural Studies Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sumner, Dawn Y.; Kellogg, Louise H.] UC Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA USA. [Sumner, Dawn Y.; Kellogg, Louise H.; Kreylos, Oliver] UC Davis, KeckCAVES, Davis, CA USA. [Bawden, Gerald W.] USGS, Reston, VA USA. [Bromberg, Ellen] U Utah, Dept Modern Dance, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Davidson, Della; Gilbride, Shelly] UC Davis, Dept Theater & Dance, Davis, CA USA. RP Neff, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Comp Sci & Technocultural Studies Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM neff@cs.ucdavis.edu; sumner@geology.ucdavis.edu RI Sumner, Dawn/E-8744-2011; Kellogg, Louise/J-2171-2012 OI Sumner, Dawn/0000-0002-7343-2061; Kellogg, Louise/0000-0001-5874-0472 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 0024-094X J9 LEONARDO JI Leonardo PY 2010 VL 43 IS 2 BP 204 EP 204 DI 10.1162/leon.2010.43.2.204 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA 590MO UT WOS:000277230800035 ER PT J AU Neff, M Sumner, D Bawden, GW Bromberg, E Crutchfield, JP Davidson, D Gilbride, S Kellogg, LH Kreylos, O AF Neff, Michael Sumner, Dawn Bawden, Gerald W. Bromberg, Ellen Crutchfield, James P. Davidson, Della Gilbride, Shelly Kellogg, Louise H. Kreylos, Oliver TI Blending Art and Science: Collapse (suddenly falling down) SO LEONARDO LA English DT Article AB Collapse (suddenly falling down) was a dance/theater/media production that brought together a diverse group of artists and scientists to explore the varied ways that social and natural systems collapse and the responses of human societies. This paper focuses on the nature of the collaboration, the unique products it produced and the lessons learned. Three art-science collaboration themes emerged: (1) implementation of a large-scale stereo display for 3D data; (2) exploration from a visual design perspective of digital scans of natural hazard sites normally used for scientific research; and (3) integration of optical tracking for interaction between performers and visualizations. Each theme is explored in detail and each member of the team reflects on lessons learned from the process. C1 [Bawden, Gerald W.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kellogg, Louise H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA USA. [Kellogg, Louise H.; Kreylos, Oliver] Univ Calif Davis, WM Keck Ctr Act Visualizat Earth Sci, Davis, CA USA. RP Neff, M (reprint author), 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM neff@cs.ucdavis.edu; dysumner@ucdavis.edu; gbawden@usgs.gov; e.bromberg@utah.edu; chaos@cse.ucdavis.edu; davidson@mindspring.com; csgilbride@ucdavis.edu; kellogg@ucdavis.edu; kreylos@cs.ucdavis.edu RI Kellogg, Louise/J-2171-2012 OI Kellogg, Louise/0000-0001-5874-0472 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0024-094X J9 LEONARDO JI Leonardo PY 2010 VL 43 IS 3 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1162/leon.2010.43.3.274 PG 8 WC Art SC Art GA 609VM UT WOS:000278685900012 ER PT J AU Wheatcroft, RA Goni, MA Hatten, JA Pasternack, GB Warrick, JA AF Wheatcroft, Robert A. Goni, Miguel A. Hatten, Jeff A. Pasternack, Gregory B. Warrick, Jonathan A. TI The role of effective discharge in the ocean delivery of particulate organic carbon by small, mountainous river systems SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SHELF; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; LANYANG-HSI; EEL RIVER; ACCUMULATION RATES; EROSION THRESHOLDS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; FLOOD SEDIMENT AB Recent research has shown that small, mountainous river systems (SMRS) account for a significant fraction of the global flux of sediment and particulate organic carbon (POC) to the ocean. The enormous number of SMRS precludes intensive studies of the sort conducted on large systems, necessitating development of a conceptual framework that permits cross-system comparison and scaling up. Herein, we introduce the geomorphic concept of effective discharge to the problem of source-to-sink POC transport. This idea recognizes that transport effectiveness is the product of discharge frequency and magnitude, wherein the latter is quantified as a power-law relationship between discharge and load (the 'rating curve'). An analytical solution for effective discharge (Q(e)) identifies two key variables: the standard deviation of the natural logarithm of discharge (sigma(q)), and the rating exponent of constituent i (b(i)). Data from selected SMRS are used to show that for a given river Q(e)-POC < Q(e)-sediment, Q(e) for different POC constituents (e.g., POCfossil vs. POCmodern) differs in predictable ways, and Q(e) for a particular constituent can vary seasonally. When coupled with the idea that discharge peaks of small rivers may be coincident with specific oceanic conditions (e. g., large waves, wind from a certain direction) that determine dispersal and burial, these findings have potentially important implications for POC fate on continental margins. Future studies of POC transport in SMRS should exploit the conceptual framework provided herein and seek to identify how constituent-specific effective discharges vary between rivers and respond to perturbations. C1 [Wheatcroft, Robert A.; Goni, Miguel A.; Hatten, Jeff A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pasternack, Gregory B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Warrick, Jonathan A.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Wheatcroft, RA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM raw@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Pasternack, Gregory/B-8619-2012; Goni, Miguel/E-4456-2014; Hatten, Jeff/E-7742-2010; OI Pasternack, Gregory/0000-0002-1977-4175; Hatten, Jeff/0000-0002-1685-6351; Goni, Miguel/0000-0001-7682-8064 FU National Science Foundation FX We thank Basil Gomez (Indiana State University) for sharing data and Anna Pakenham (Oregon State University) for assistance in preparing Fig. 6. The National Science Foundation provided financial support for this research. NR 84 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0161 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 532OS UT WOS:000272759900007 ER PT B AU Peacock, E Derocher, AE Lunn, NJ Obbard, ME AF Peacock, E. Derocher, A. E. Lunn, N. J. Obbard, M. E. BE Ferguson, SH Loseto, LL Mallory, ML TI Polar Bear Ecology and Management in Hudson Bay in the Face of Climate Change SO LITTLE LESS ARCTIC: TOP PREDATORS IN THE WORLDS LARGEST NORTHERN INLAND SEA, HUDSON BAY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Polar bear; Hudson Bay; Climate change; Harvest management; Human-bear interactions; Denning; Protected areas; Shipping; Tourism ID ICE-FREE PERIOD; ET-AL. 2007; SEA-ICE; URSUS-MARITIMUS; JAMES BAY; HABITAT SELECTION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; POPULATION-SIZE; FOOD WEBS AB Hudson Bay, Canada has been a region of intensive research on polar bear population ecology dating back to the late 1960s. Although the impacts of climate change on sea ice habitat throughout the circumpolar range of the species is of concern, Hudson Bay is the only region where the duration of sea ice cover has been linked empirically with declines in a suite of parameters: polar bear body condition; individual survival; natality; and population size. Research in Hudson Bay has also focused on contaminants in polar bear tissues, population genetics, behaviour and denning, as well as predator-prey interactions. These decades of research in Hudson Bay provide important baseline information with which to monitor the rate and extent of the impact of climate change on polar bear ecology. Climate change has already become a critical issue for polar bear management in the region; human bear conflicts in Nunavut have increased, which had been an explicit prediction of an effect of climate change. In addition, relative to polar bear numbers in the early 1960s before government-based harvest management polar bear abundance has also increased. The recent empirical data demonstrating a decline in the Western Hudson Bay polar bear subpopulation has been interpreted as incongruous with observations of respected Inuit elders of the marked increase in polar bears from historical numbers, catalyzing divergent views on polar bear management. Lastly, should the duration of the ice-free season continue to increase, industrial shipping and future mining and oil and gas developments will affect polar bears in the region in ways that are not well understood. We review current knowledge of polar bear ecology in Hudson Bay, as it relates to climate change, and present an overview of future research needs and management challenges. C1 [Peacock, E.] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Wildlife Res Sect, Igloolik, NU, Canada. [Derocher, A. E.] Univ Alberta, Ctr Biol Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Lunn, N. J.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife & Landscape Sci Directorate, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Obbard, M. E.] Trent Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Deveopment Sect, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Peacock, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. EM lpeacock@usgs.gov RI Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; OI Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Obbard, Martyn/0000-0003-2064-0155 NR 94 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 36 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9120-8 PY 2010 BP 93 EP 115 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9121-5_5 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9121-5 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOX72 UT WOS:000277971200005 ER PT B AU Jones, KB Bogena, H Vereecken, H Weltzin, JF AF Jones, K. Bruce Bogena, Heye Vereecken, Harry Weltzin, Jake F. BE Muller, F Baessler, C Schubert, H Klotz, S TI Design and Importance of Multi-tiered Ecological Monitoring Networks SO LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH: BETWEEN THEORY AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ecological monitoring; Multi-tiered monitoring networks; Monitoring design; Ecological indicators; Monitoring networks ID UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM SIMULATION; OBSERVATORY NETWORK; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; REGIONAL SCALES; RIVER-BASIN; LAND; TIME; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB Multi-scaled ecological monitoring networks offer significant potential to address a wide range of challenging environmental problems. Knowledge gained through these networks will be critical in understanding, detecting, and forecasting ecological changes that affect important ecological services upon which society depends. The networks will provide information necessary for societies to adapt to broad-scale changes such as those associated with land use, demographic, and climate change. Several new multi-tiered monitoring programs are being developed to evaluate ecological changes and associated drivers of change at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Additionally, existing ecological monitoring programs, such as the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, are attempting to improve their capacities to extrapolate results to larger spatial extents by developing a standard Set of measures or indicators and by facilitating cooperation among scientists within and among the various monitoring networks. Despite these attempts, several issues remain in integrating existing monitoring programs. We discuss these issues and review existing programs within a multi-tiered monitoring framework that explicitly incorporates citizen-based monitoring. Direct involvement of the public is seen as a critical element in expanding and maintaining existing and new ecological monitoring networks. We provide examples of two emerging ecological monitoring networks, the Terrestrial Observatory Network (TERENO) and the USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN), to convey some of the complexities and challenges confronting the design and implementation of multi-tiered ecological monitoring networks. C1 [Jones, K. Bruce; Weltzin, Jake F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Bogena, Heye; Vereecken, Harry] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Agrosphere Inst ICG 4, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Weltzin, Jake F.] USA Natl Phenol Network, Natl Coordinating Off, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA USA. EM kbjones@usgs.gov; hbogena@fz-juelich.de; hvereecken@fz-juelich.de; jweltzin@usgs.gov NR 108 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8781-2 PY 2010 BP 355 EP 374 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8782-9_25 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BPV80 UT WOS:000280111700025 ER PT J AU Hondorp, DW Breitburg, DL Davias, LA AF Hondorp, Darryl W. Breitburg, Denise L. Davias, Lori A. TI Eutrophication and Fisheries: Separating the Effects of Nitrogen Loads and Hypoxia on the Pelagic-to-Demersal Ratio and Other Measures of Landings Composition SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Building on previous analyses suggesting that the composition of fishery landings reflects the effects of eutrophication on mobile fish and benthos, we examined landings composition in relation to nitrogen loading and the spatial extent of hypoxia in a cross-system comparison of 22 ecosystems. We hypothesized that explicit consideration of both N and hypoxia is important because nutrient enrichment has been shown to have contrasting direct and indirect effects on fisheries. Consistent with this premise, patterns in landings composition differed with respect to N load and the spatial extent of hypoxia. For example, the ratios of pelagic to benthic and demersal biomass in fishery landings (P/D) exhibited a decreasing trend across ecosystems with progressively higher N but were significantly and positively correlated with the spatial extent of hypoxia. The P/D ratios were particularly high in systems with extensive and persistent hypoxia and particularly low in several estuaries where purse seining is prohibited or not used. In analyses that considered all systems, benthic and demersal landings did not decrease at high N as predicted by previous conceptual models, and the negative association with the spatial extent of hypoxia was statistically significant only when the Black Sea was included in the analysis. Landings of pelagic planktivores did not vary with the spatial extent of hypoxia but were positively related to N for all systems combined and for semi-enclosed seas. The trophic and size composition of fishery landings were not related to N or hypoxia, perhaps because landings of large, high-trophic-level species are more influenced by fishery exploitation or practices that mask the effects of water quality. Our results suggest that the response of fisheries to eutrophication differs from prevailing paradigms, which do not clearly distinguish between nutrient and hypoxia effects on fishery landings and do not consider the important influence of fishing practices and regulations on patterns in landings data. C1 [Hondorp, Darryl W.; Breitburg, Denise L.; Davias, Lori A.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Hondorp, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dhondorp@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 339 EP 361 DI 10.1577/C09-020.1 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900025 ER PT J AU Rand, KM Beauchamp, DA Lowe, SA AF Rand, K. M. Beauchamp, D. A. Lowe, S. A. TI Longitudinal Growth Differences and the Influence of Diet Quality on Atka Mackerel of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Using a Bioenergetics Model to Explore Underlying Mechanisms SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius make up the single largest biomass of groundfish in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and are an important component of this marine ecosystem. Atka mackerel show a significant decrease in size from east to west. We compared fish from two study areas reflecting this size cline: Seguam Pass in the eastern Aleutians and Amchitka Island in the western Aleutians. At any given age, the Atka mackerel at the former location are larger than those at the latter (e.g., 5-year-old fish average 732 g and 39 cm fork length at Seguam Pass but only 575 g and 36 cm at Amchitka Island). Our objectives were to determine the mechanisms underlying the observed differences in growth, such as prey availability, prey quality, and thermal experience. We used a bioenergetics model to examine the effects of diet and temperature on growth. The model estimates of consumption fell within the range of those observed for Atka mackerel, suggesting that the model was an appropriate tool for exploring these effects. The results obtained with the model suggest that prey quality is the main factor in the observed size differences. At Seguam Pass Atka mackerel ate a more energetically rich diet consisting of euphausiids and fish, whereas at Amchitka Island copepods dominated the diet and there was little to no fish consumption. The model results also suggest that thermal experience contributed less to the observed differences in growth than did the composition of the diet. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the growth of Atka mackerel will improve predictions of biomass and yield within the framework of a dynamic ecosystem and a changing climate. C1 [Rand, K. M.; Lowe, S. A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beauchamp, D. A.] Univ Washington, Washington Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Rand, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kimberly.rand@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 362 EP 374 DI 10.1577/C09-046.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900026 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Anderson, TW Kenyon, JC Beets, JP Friedlander, AM AF DeMartini, Edward E. Anderson, Todd W. Kenyon, Jean C. Beets, James P. Friedlander, Alan M. TI Management implications of juvenile reef fish habitat preferences and coral susceptibility to stressors SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coral bleaching and sedimentation; global warming; Hawai'i; nursery habitat loss; recruit reef fishes ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS; DEGRADATION; POPULATIONS; DAMSELFISH AB In the Hawaiian Archipelago, shelter-dependent juvenile stages of many reef fishes and their coral habitats are increasingly put at risk by multiple anthropogenic stressors (e.g. overfishing and habitat loss, coral bleaching and sedimentation, respectively). We assessed coral bleaching (to identify relative susceptibility among growth forms) and the use v. availability of structurally complex and simple corals by juvenile reef fishes in Hawai'i. We use these data in a model that identifies habitats and resource species for managing reef fisheries and conserving coral habitats. Many juvenile reef fishes preferentially inhabit rugose corals. The economic and ecological importance of these fishes varies from those with little value to others, such as highly prized parrotfishes that also serve as ecological engineers. Coral species also differ in their relative susceptibility to anthropogenic and natural stressors - more structurally complex corals tend to be more susceptible to stressors. Our model relates the economic and ecological valuations of fish resources with specific preferences of fish juveniles for corals of varying susceptibility, testing the prediction that risk should co-vary among species of corals and fishes. Managers should use such a model when prioritising habitats and resource species for conservation. C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Anderson, Todd W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Anderson, Todd W.] San Diego State Univ, Coastal & Marine Inst, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Kenyon, Jean C.] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Kenyon, Jean C.] Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Beets, James P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,Suite 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX Funding for the NWHI coral monitoring study was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and the NWHI Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve of NOAA's National Marine Sanctuary Program. E.E.D.'s financial support in 2006-08 was provided by a NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program project. Funds for T. W. A. in 2007-08 were provided by a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant. Also gratefully acknowledged is the logistical support provided by Blue Wilderness Dive Adventures, Kamuela, Hawaii, and the United States Fish & Wildlife Service at Midway Atoll, North-western Hawaiian Islands Wildlife Refuge. We also thank D. Yamaguchi for assistance with figures, B. Bowen, D. Potts, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms of manuscript drafts. This paper is the result of research conducted under 2006-08 permits issued by the NOAA National Ocean Service, Papahanaumokuakea - Marine National Monument Office. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 5 BP 532 EP 540 DI 10.1071/MF09141 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 601ZK UT WOS:000278107300004 ER PT J AU O'Toole, AC Murchie, KJ Pullen, C Hanson, KC Suski, CD Danylchuk, AJ Cooke, SJ AF O'Toole, A. C. Murchie, K. J. Pullen, C. Hanson, K. C. Suski, C. D. Danylchuk, A. J. Cooke, S. J. TI Locomotory activity and depth distribution of adult great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) in Bahamian coastal habitats determined using acceleration and pressure biotelemetry transmitters SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; acoustic biotelemetry; Bahamas; pressure sensor ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; METABOLIC-RATE; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; DATA-LOGGERS; FISH; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY AB Documenting free-swimming fish in their natural environment using acoustic transmitters equipped with acceleration and pressure sensors may contribute to knowledge of locomotory behaviour for a variety of aquatic species. Previously, collection of acceleration data has been limited to archival loggers, necessitating retrieval of the devices; however, recent advances in biotelemetry have allowed for acceleration data to be transmitted to a remote receiver. To illustrate the application of this technology, relative locomotory activity and depth utilisation of adult great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) were monitored across habitat types and diel periods using acoustic transmitters equipped with tri-axial acceleration and pressure sensors within an acoustic telemetry array (n = 53 receivers) deployed in The Bahamas. Although there were no differences in acceleration or depth use across habitats or diel periods, there was evidence of movement into shelf habitat during mid-day where they occupied depths > 410 m. Given both the method of calculating the accelerometer output, and that the transmitters were unable to store and transmit large quantities of data, we suggest choosing transmitter settings with a short average delay and high transmission frequency to optimise data quality and resolution. This paper represents one of the first reports of the use of telemetered acceleration values from free-swimming fish. C1 [O'Toole, A. C.; Murchie, K. J.; Pullen, C.; Hanson, K. C.; Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [O'Toole, A. C.; Murchie, K. J.; Pullen, C.; Suski, C. D.; Danylchuk, A. J.; Cooke, S. J.] Cape Eleuthera Inst, Flats Ecol & Conservat Program, Eleuthera, Bahamas. [Hanson, K. C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Suski, C. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Danylchuk, A. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP O'Toole, AC (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM aotoole@connect.carleton.ca RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Bonefish and Tarpon Trust; Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation; Baldwin Foundation; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs Program; Carleton University FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staff and volunteers at the Cape Eleuthera Institute and the Island School. Thank you to A. Shultz, C. Haak, E. Brooks and J. Cooke for field and laboratory assistance. Adrian Gleiss and two other anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. The Bahamas Department of Marine Resources provided scientific collection permits and animal care approval was obtained from the Canadian Council on Animal Care through Carleton University. The receiver array was partially supported by grants from Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, the Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, and the Baldwin Foundation. Additional financial support was provided by Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (through an Early Researcher Award to S. J. C.), the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Canada Research Chairs Program and Carleton University. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the USA Fish and Wildlife NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1446 EP 1456 DI 10.1071/MF10046 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 693EY UT WOS:000285208600010 ER PT J AU Piazza, BP La Peyre, MK AF Piazza, Bryan P. La Peyre, Megan K. TI Using Gambusia affinis growth and condition to assess estuarine habitat quality: a comparison of indices SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Growth; Energy density; RNA:DNA ratio; Resident species; Poeciliidae; Estuary; Fish; Louisiana ID DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; RNA-DNA RATIOS; SALT-MARSH; FOOD AVAILABILITY; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; JUVENILE FISHES; BRETON SOUND; LIFE-HISTORY; SOLEA-SOLEA AB Numerous indices have been used to estimate fish growth and condition; however, differences in sensitivity and reliability of the methods have hampered efforts to identify appropriate indicators for routine evaluation of habitat quality in the field. We compared common morphometric (length, weight, somatic growth, length-weight condition) and biochemical (RNA:DNA ratio, relative DNA content, energy density) growth indices on the same wild-caught mosquitofish Gambusia affinis to examine their usefulness as indicators of habitat quality. A laboratory experiment was used to quantify growth rates of wild-caught G. affinis under different feeding treatments. Field studies consisted of both a short-term enclosure experiment (10 d) and weekly (7 wk) fish collections to compare growth indices in managed inflow and reference marshes during a winter/spring freshwater pulse event in upper Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA. Marshes flooded by restored freshwater pulses were capable of producing optimum growth (0.001 g DW d(-1); DW = dry weight) and energetically valuable habitat (>6000 cal g(-1) DW) for trophic transport. Because of differences in timing of response, morphometric and biochemical indices were generally not directly correlated, but there was clear agreement in direction and magnitude of response. The most striking difference in timing was that biochemical indices (RNA:DNA) responded more slowly to treatments than did morphometric growth indices. While gross patterns are comparable between indicators, differences in sensitivity and response time between indicators suggest that choice of indicator needs to be accounted for in interpretation and analysis of effects. C1 [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Piazza, Bryan P.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Piazza, BP (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, POB 4125, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. EM bpiazza@TNC.org FU Coastal Restoration and Enhancement through Science and Technology (CREST); LSU Sea Grant College; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries FX We thank the following people for their assistance with this project: D. King, W. Gayle, B. Gossman, C. Llewellyn, and M. Piehler, for field and laboratory assistance; D. Kelly, J. La Peyre, and N. Itoh for laboratory access and assistance with nucleic acid purification and quantification; C. Espineda (Qiagen, Inc.) for technical assistance with the Qiagen AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini Kit; A. Fischer and J. Cowan for access to and assistance with the bomb calorimeter. M. Passerotti (NOAA), S. Piazza (USGS), and K. Cretini (USGS) reviewed the manuscript. This study was funded by Coastal Restoration and Enhancement through Science and Technology (CREST), LSU Sea Grant College Program (Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program), and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 412 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.3354/meps08686 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TM UT WOS:000281565900019 ER PT J AU Froeschke, J Stunz, GW Wildhaber, ML AF Froeschke, John Stunz, Gregory W. Wildhaber, Mark L. TI Environmental influences on the occurrence of coastal sharks in estuarine waters SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Shark; Boosted regression trees; Essential fish habitat ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; JUVENILE BLACKTIP SHARKS; BOOSTED REGRESSION TREES; ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT; CARCHARHINUS-LEUCAS; FLORIDA ESTUARY; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; CORPUS-CHRISTI; SPHYRNA-TIBURO AB Long-term fisheries independent gill net surveys conducted in Texas estuaries from 1975 to 2006 were used to develop spatially explicit estuarine habitat use models for 3 coastal shark species: bull shark Carcharhinus leucas, blacktip shark C. limbatus, and bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo. Relationships between environmental predictors and shark distribution were investigated using boosted regression trees (BRT). Bull shark was the most abundant species (n = 5800), followed by blacktip (n = 2094), and bonnethead sharks (n = 1793). Environmental conditions influenced distribution patterns of all species and relationships were nonlinear, multivariate, and interactive. Results showed very good model performance and suggested shark distribution is most closely linked to salinity, temperature, and proximity to tidal inlets. By interpolating the BRT models, maps of the probability of capture were produced using ordinary kriging. Results showed that the central region along the Texas coast contains the most important estuarine shark habitat. This area was characterized by warm temperatures, moderate salinities, and abundant tidal inlets. Bull sharks also extended into low salinity estuaries, while blacktip and bonnethead sharks were restricted to areas near tidal passes with moderate salinities. Juvenile sharks were frequently captured, suggesting the Texas coast may constitute important nursery areas for all 3 species. The development of these spatially explicit models allows for prioritization and conservation of areas in a region that has great potential for human disturbance and climate change impacts. These results provide new insight into the habitat requirements of coastal sharks in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico and practical information for managing this resource. C1 [Froeschke, John; Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Froeschke, John; Stunz, Gregory W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Wildhaber, Mark L.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Stunz, GW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM greg.stunz@tamucc.edu FU United States Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey Cooperative; Texas Research Development Fund; Texas AM University FX Funding for this study was provided by the United States Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement no. 07HQAG0151, the Texas Research Development Fund, and the Faculty Excellence fund and Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi. Gill net data for sharks was courtesy of Dr. Mark Fisher of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries Division. We also thank Peter Melendez for his help with the spatial analyses in this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government (e.g. the freeware R). NR 56 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 60 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 407 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.3354/meps08546 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KR UT WOS:000278978600022 ER PT J AU Jay, CV Udevitz, MS Kwok, R Fischbach, AS Douglas, DC AF Jay, Chadwick V. Udevitz, Mark S. Kwok, Ron Fischbach, Anthony S. Douglas, David C. TI Divergent movements of walrus and sea ice in the northern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pacific walrus; Odobenus rosmarus; Bering Sea; Sea ice; Telemetry; RADARSAT; RGPS; SAR ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS; PATTERNS; BENTHOS; WHALES; ALASKA AB The Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens is a large Arctic pinniped of the Chukchi and Bering Seas. Reductions of sea ice projected to occur in the Arctic by mid-century raise concerns for conservation of the Pacific walrus. To understand the significance of sea ice loss to the viability of walruses, it would be useful to better understand the spatial associations between the movements of sea ice and walruses. We investigated whether local-scale (similar to 1 to 100 km) walrus movements correspond to movements of sea ice in the Bering Sea in early spring, using locations from radio-tracked walruses and measures of ice floe movements from processed synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models to analyze the angle between walrus and ice floe movement vectors and the distance between the final geographic position of walruses and their associated ice floes (displacement), as functions of observation duration, proportion of time the walrus was in water, and geographic region. Analyses were based on 121 walrus-ice vector pairs and observations lasting 12 to 36 h. Angles and displacements increased with observation duration, proportion of time the walrus spent in the water, and varied among regions (regional mean angles ranged from 40 to 81 degrees and mean displacements ranged from 15 to 35 km). Our results indicated a lack of correspondence between walruses and their initially associated ice floes, suggesting that local areas of walrus activities were independent of the movement of ice floes. C1 [Jay, Chadwick V.; Udevitz, Mark S.; Fischbach, Anthony S.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Jay, CV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM cjay@usgs.gov RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008; Fischbach, Anthony/E-7166-2010; OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896; Fischbach, Anthony/0000-0002-6555-865X; Udevitz, Mark/0000-0003-4659-138X FU US Fish & Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management Office, Anchorage; US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center; North Pacific Research Board FX We appreciate field assistance from Y. Bukhtiyarov, M. Cody, A. Grachev, E. Gurarie, A. Kochnev, N. Kutrukhin, E. Rypkhirgin, and G. Sheffield. We thank S. Speckman and S. DellaSilva who worked diligently to procure a contract with the Russian vessel RV 'Magadan' for walrus tagging. We thank the crew of the RV 'Magadan' for their professional seamanship and kind support. Aerial reconnaissance of walruses was provided by USFWS and Commander Northwest. V. Burkanov was instrumental in securing work boats and assuring the safe storage and transport of field gear from Russia. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Satellite Facility kindly facilitated the availability of SAR imagery. K. Oakley, P. Boveng, D. Atwood, and 4 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding and administrative support was provided by the US Fish & Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management Office, Anchorage, and the US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Additional funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board to complete analyses of SAR imagery. Walrus tagging was conducted under USFWS Permit No. MA801652-3. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the federal government. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 407 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.3354/meps08575 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KR UT WOS:000278978600023 ER PT J AU Demopoulos, AWJ Smith, CR AF Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Smith, Craig R. TI Invasive mangroves alter macrofaunal community structure and facilitate opportunistic exotics SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem modification; Mangrove; Rhizophora mangle; Benthos; Plant invasion; Non-native species; Hawaii ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; NEW-ZEALAND; MACROBENTHIC ASSOCIATIONS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; ORGANIC-CARBON; TIDAL FLAT; SEDIMENT; MARINE AB Mangroves were introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in 1902, providing an unusual opportunity to examine the impacts of introduced vascular plants on coastal ecosystems. Despite >100 yr residence in Hawaii, little is known regarding how mangroves alter coastal ecosystem structure. We conducted a case study of 2 Rhizophora mangle habitats in Hawaii, comparing habitat parameters and macrofaunal community structure in introduced mangroves and nearby control sandflats at a similar tidal elevation. Mangrove sediments had finer sediments and higher organic carbon concentrations and porewater salinities than sandflats. Emergent mangrove roots were colonized by the introduced barnacles Chthamalus proteus, Balanus reticulatus, and B. amphitrite and the introduced sponges Suberites zeteki, Sigmadocia caerulea, and Gelloides fibrosa. Higher densities of non-native macrofauna were found in mangrove transects than in sandflat controls, indicating that invasive mangroves facilitate the persistence of non-native fauna in Hawaii. Mangrove habitats also had higher macrofaunal species richness and diversity, as well as greater dominance by subsurface deposit feeders. Introduced mangroves substantially altered benthic community structure, in part by enhancing the structural complexity of the Hawaiian coastal environment. Because macrobenthos provide a variety of ecosystem services, e.g. serving as prey for fish and birds and promoting detrital decomposition, mangrove-induced changes in sediment community composition will likely have far-reaching consequences in Hawaii. Similar consequences of mangrove invasion are likely in other regions, as mangrove habitats expand with climate warming and increased coastal sedimentation. C1 [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Smith, Craig R.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Demopoulos, AWJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ademopoulos@usgs.gov FU Hawaii Sea Grant [NA 86RG0041]; NOAA/NERR; USGS FX The authors thank those who assisted with the field collections, infaunal sorting, and sample analyses, especially A. Siegenthaler, A. Glover, A. Hannides, B. Nakahara, and G. Demopoulos. We are grateful to the following people who assisted with animal identifications: I. Altamire, J. Bailey-Brock, S. Godwin, K. Longenecker, C. Erseus, and A. Fukunaga. Grant support was provided by a Hawaii Sea Grant (NA 86RG0041) to C.R.S. and A.W.J.D., and from a NOAA/NERR fellowship to A.W.J.D. Production of this manuscript was supported by USGS. This is contribution no. 7910 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii. Special thanks go to L. Levin and K. Ewel for providing substantive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 83 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 85 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 404 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.3354/meps08483 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 590MJ UT WOS:000277230100005 ER PT J AU Alves-Stanley, CD Worthy, GAJ Bonde, RK AF Alves-Stanley, Christy D. Worthy, Graham A. J. Bonde, Robert K. TI Feeding preferences of West Indian manatees in Florida, Belize, and Puerto Rico as indicated by stable isotope analysis SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Stable isotope; West Indian manatee; Seagrass; Aquatic plants; C-13; N-15; Feeding ecology; Mixing model ID FREE-RANGING MANATEES; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; CARBON ISOTOPES; TURNOVER RATES; DIET; FOOD; VARIABILITY; DELTA-N-15; HABITS AB The endangered West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus has 2 recognized subspecies: the Florida T. m. latirostris and Antillean T. m. manatus manatee, both of which are found in freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats. A better understanding of manatee feeding preferences and habitat use is essential to establish criteria on which conservation plans can be based. Skin from manatees in Florida, Belize, and Puerto Rico, as well as aquatic vegetation from their presumed diet, were analyzed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. This is the first application of stable isotope analysis to Antillean manatees. Stable isotope ratios for aquatic vegetation differed by plant type (freshwater, estuarine, and marine), collection location, and in one instance, season. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios for manatee skin differed between collection location and in one instance, season, but did not differ between sex or age class. Signatures in the skin of manatees sampled in Belize and Puerto Rico indicated a diet composed primarily of seagrasses, whereas those of Florida manatees exhibited greater regional variation. Mixing model results indicated that manatees sampled from Crystal River and Homosassa Springs (Florida, USA) ate primarily freshwater vegetation, whereas manatees sampled from Big Bend Power Plant, Ten Thousand Islands, and Warm Mineral Springs (Florida) fed primarily on seagrasses. Possible diet tissue discrimination values for N-15 were estimated to range from 1.0 to 1.5 parts per thousand. Stable isotope analysis can be used to interpret manatee feeding behavior over a long period of time, specifically the use of freshwater vegetation versus seagrasses, and can aid in identifying critical habitats and improving conservation efforts. C1 [Alves-Stanley, Christy D.; Worthy, Graham A. J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Physiol Ecol & Bioenerget Lab, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Worthy, Graham A. J.] Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. [Bonde, Robert K.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Worthy, GAJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Physiol Ecol & Bioenerget Lab, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM gworthy@mail.ucf.edu OI Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 FU University of Central Florida (UCF) Department of Biology; UCF Provosts Research Enhancement Award FX We thank M. Ross and B. Chittick for assistance with manatee skin sample collections, and we are grateful for funding from the University of Central Florida (UCF) Department of Biology and Graduate Studies to C.D.A.-S. and a UCF Provosts Research Enhancement Award to G.A.J.W. Manatee research was carried out under UCF Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 02-09W, US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) permit nos. MA056326 issued to G.A.J.W. and MA791721 issued to R.K.B., and Belize Forestry Department scientific collection and research permits CD/72/02 and CD/60/3/03 with subsequent amendments issued to N. Auil and J. A. Powell. Plant samples were collected under Florida Department of Environmental Protection collection permit no. 1753 issued to G.A.J.W. We thank J. Roth and J. Weishampel for comments on the manuscript, J. Fauth for assistance with statistical analyses, and 3 anonymous reviewers for their comments. Additional thanks to T. Maddox, R. Harris, R. Runnels, T. Doyle, K. Fuhr, J. Greenawalt, L. Hoopes, A. Stephens, M. DiPiazza, N. Browning, J. Stanley, and T. A. M. Worthy for field and lab assistance. Use of trade or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 37 U2 92 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 402 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.3354/meps08450 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 574VG UT WOS:000276021700020 ER PT J AU Hershberger, P Gregg, J Grady, C Collins, R Winton, J AF Hershberger, Paul Gregg, Jacob Grady, Courtney Collins, Rachael Winton, James TI Kinetics of viral shedding provide insights into the epidemiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in Pacific herring SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Viral shedding; VHSV; Pacific herring; Clupea pallasii; Disease ecology ID NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VIRUS VHSV; WATERBORNE INFECTION; CLUPEA-PALLASII; RAINBOW-TROUT; LAKE-ONTARIO; FRESH-WATER AB Losses from infectious diseases are an important component of natural mortality among marine fish species, but factors controlling the ecology of these diseases and their potential responses to anthropogenic changes are poorly understood. We used viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and a laboratory stock of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii to investigate the kinetics of viral shedding and its effect on disease transmission and host mortality. Outbreaks of acute disease, accompanied by mortality and viral shedding, were initiated after waterborne exposure of herring to concentrations of VHSV as low as 10(1) plaque-forming units (pfu) ml(-1). Shed virus in flow-through tanks was first detected 4 to 5 d post-exposure, peaked after 6 to 10 d, and was no longer detected after 16 d. Shedding rates, calculated from density, flow and waterborne virus titer reached 1.8 to 5.0 x 10(8) pfu fish(-1) d(-1). Onset of viral shedding was dose-dependent and preceded initial mortality by 2 d. At 21 d, cumulative mortality in treatment groups ranged from 81 to 100 % and was dependent not on challenge dose, but on the kinetics and level of viral shedding by infected fish in the tank. Possible consequences of the viral shedding and disease kinetics are discussed in the context of epizootic initiation and perpetuation among populations of wild Pacific herring. C1 [Hershberger, Paul; Gregg, Jacob; Grady, Courtney; Collins, Rachael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Winton, James] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hershberger, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [070819]; Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystem Resources Program of the US Geological Survey FX Funding for this study was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project No. 070819 and the Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystem Resources Program of the US Geological Survey. The VHSV isolate used was provided by Dr. K. Garver and G. Traxler, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station. Herring eggs for development of SPF herring colonies were kindly provided by K. Stick and A. Lindquist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, USA. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 400 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.3354/meps08420 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 568NE UT WOS:000275528300016 ER PT J AU Rubin, AE Grossman, JN AF Rubin, Alan E. Grossman, Jeffrey N. TI Meteorite and meteoroid: New comprehensive definitions SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHONDRITE; IMPACT; MOON; MICROMETEORITES; ORDOVICIAN; BELT; MASS AB Meteorites have traditionally been defined as solid objects that have fallen to Earth from space. This definition, however, is no longer adequate. In recent decades, man-made objects have fallen to Earth from space, meteorites have been identified on the Moon and Mars, and small interplanetary objects have impacted orbiting spacecraft. Taking these facts and other potential complications into consideration, we offer new comprehensive definitions of the terms "meteorite," "meteoroid," and their smaller counterparts: A meteoroid is a 10-mu m to 1-m-size natural solid object moving in interplanetary space. A micrometeoroid is a meteoroid 10 mu m to 2 mm in size. A meteorite is a natural, solid object larger than 10 mu m in size, derived from a celestial body, that was transported by natural means from the body on which it formed to a region outside the dominant gravitational influence of that body and that later collided with a natural or artificial body larger than itself (even if it is the same body from which it was launched). Weathering and other secondary processes do not affect an object's status as a meteorite as long as something recognizable remains of its original minerals or structure. An object loses its status as a meteorite if it is incorporated into a larger rock that becomes a meteorite itself. A micrometeorite is a meteorite between 10 mu m and 2 mm in size. Meteorite-"a solid substance or body falling from the high regions of the atmosphere" (Craig 1849); "[a] mass of stone and iron that ha[s] been directly observed to have fallen down to the Earth's surface" (translated from Cohen 1894); "[a] solid bod[y] which came to the earth from space" (Farrington 1915); "A mass of solid matter, too small to be considered an asteroid; either traveling through space as an unattached unit, or having landed on the earth and still retaining its identity" (Nininger 1933); "[a meteoroid] which has reached the surface of the Earth without being vaporized" (1958 International Astronomical Union (IAU) definition, quoted by Millman 1961); "a solid body which has arrived on the Earth from outer space" (Mason 1962); "[a] solid bod[y] which reach[es] the Earth (or the Moon. Mars, etc.) from interplanetary space and [is] large enough to survive passage through the Earth's (or Mars', etc.) atmosphere" (Gomes and Keil 1980); "[a meteoroid] that survive[s] passage through the atmosphere and fall[s] to earth" (Burke 1986); "a recovered fragment of a meteoroid that has survived transit through the earth's atmosphere" (McSween 1987); "[a] solid bod[y] of extraterrestrial material that penetrate[s] the atmosphere and reach[es] the Earth's surface" (Krot et al. 2003). C1 [Rubin, Alan E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Grossman, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Rubin, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM aerubin@ucla.edu FU NASA [NNG06GF95G, NNH08AI801] FX We thank our colleagues for useful discussions and C. R. Chapman, P. Schweitzer, and J. Mars for useful reviews. This work was supported in part by NASA Cosmochemistry Grants NNG06GF95G (A. E. Rubin) and NNH08AI801 (J. N. Grossman). NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.01009.x PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591TE UT WOS:000277326500010 ER PT J AU Nestell, MK Wardlaw, BR AF Nestell, Merlynd K. Wardlaw, Bruce R. TI Radiolarians and conodonts of the Guadalupian (Middle Permian) of West Texas: advances in taxonomy and biostratigraphy INTRODUCTION SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FORAMINIFERS C1 [Nestell, Merlynd K.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Wardlaw, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nestell, MK (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM nestell@uta.edu; bwardlaw@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 605ON UT WOS:000278357000001 ER PT J AU Wardlaw, BR Nestell, MK AF Wardlaw, Bruce R. Nestell, Merlynd K. TI Latest Middle Permian conodonts from the Apache Mountains, West Texas SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAXONOMY AB A latest Guadalupian conodont fauna containing two new species is described from the uppermost part of the Bell Canyon Formation and lowermost part of the Castile Formation from a continuous section exposed along Texas FM 2185 in the northwestern part of the Apache Mountains, West Texas. The new species are Jinogondolella latidentata and Jinogondolella gladilexa, Other latest Guadalupian species present in this fauna include Jinogondolella artafrons, J. granti, J. crofti, and Clarkina hongshuiensis, the last species occurring in the very basal beds of the Castile Formation. The general evolution of Jinogondolella species in the Guadalupian is discussed. C1 [Wardlaw, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nestell, Merlynd K.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Wardlaw, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bwardlaw@usgs.gov; nestell@uta.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU MICRO PRESS PI FLUSHING PA 6530 KISSENA BLVD, FLUSHING, NY 11367 USA SN 0026-2803 EI 1937-2795 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 183 PG 35 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 605ON UT WOS:000278357000005 ER PT J AU Nestell, MK Wardlaw, BR AF Nestell, Merlynd K. Wardlaw, Bruce R. TI Jinogondolella palmata, a new Gondolellid conodont species from the Bell Canyon Formation, Middle Permian, West Texas SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A new gondolellid conodont species, Jinogondolella palmata, is described from the lower part of the Bell Canyon Formation in the Apache Mountains of West Texas. This new species and J. aserrata represent two different lineages that evolved from J. nankingensis in the lower and middle Wordian of the Middle Permian. This species has been found in several sections in the Guadalupe Mountains and in Oman. C1 [Nestell, Merlynd K.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Wardlaw, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Nestell, MK (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM nestell@uta.edu; bwardlaw@usgs.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 605ON UT WOS:000278357000006 ER PT J AU Wardlaw, BR Nestell, MK AF Wardlaw, Bruce R. Nestell, Merlynd K. TI Three Jinogondolella apparatuses from a single bed of the Bell Canyon Formation in the Apache Mountains, West Texas SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONODONTS AB Complete apparatuses are described for Jinogondolella aserrata, J. errata (new species), and J. postserrata (transitional from J. aserrata) from a single bed in a section of the Bell Canyon Formation exposed in the Apache Mountains, West Texas. The conodont assemblage precisely equates this bed in age to the upper part of the Pinery Limestone Member of the Bell Canyon Formation and the base of the Capitanian in its type locality in the Guadalupe Mountains. The apparatus of Jinogondolella is different from most other gondolellid genera in that it has dimorphic to polymorphic elements in the S2 position and three pairs of platform elements. C1 [Wardlaw, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Nestell, Merlynd K.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Wardlaw, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bwardlaw@usgs.gov; nestell@uta.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICRO PRESS PI FLUSHING PA 6530 KISSENA BLVD, FLUSHING, NY 11367 USA SN 0026-2803 EI 1937-2795 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 212 PG 18 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 605ON UT WOS:000278357000007 ER PT J AU Kozur, HW Wardlaw, BR AF Kozur, Heinz W. Wardlaw, Bruce R. TI The Guadalupian conodont fauna of Rustaq and Wadi Wasit, Oman and a West Texas connection SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERMIAN RUGOSA; EVOLUTION; MOUNTAINS; TAXONOMY; BOUNDARY; COMPLEX; BASIN AB The red, ammonoid-bearing limestones at Rustaq and Wadi Wasit contain Jinogondolella aserrata, the index species for the type Wordian. It occurs with an abundant smooth Mesogondolella fauna and an advanced Waagenoceras ammonoid fauna. In the Rustaq section, two species of Mesogondolella are present in both lower and upper red, ammonoid-bearing limestones with M. siciliensis dominating the lower beds and M. omanensis (new species) dominating the upper beds. The same two Mesogondolella species occur in the single, ammonoid-bearing limestone unit at the Wadi Wasit section, where there are additional conodont species including M. bitten. The faunas at Wadi Wasit section and the upper red, ammonoid-bearing limestone at the Rustaq section contain Stepanovites? festivus which is indicative of the Wordian-Capitanian boundary interval. Capitanian Jinogondolella altudaensis appears in the rocks above the ammonoid-bearing limestone at the Wadi Wasit section. C1 [Wardlaw, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kozur, HW (reprint author), Rezsu U 83, H-1029 Budapest, Hungary. EM kozurh@helka.iif.hu; bwardlaw@usgs.gov NR 91 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 213 EP 231 PG 19 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 605ON UT WOS:000278357000008 ER PT J AU Lambert, LL Bell, GL Fronimos, JA Wardlaw, BR Yisa, MO AF Lambert, Lance L. Bell, Gorden L., Jr. Fronimos, John A. Wardlaw, Bruce R. Yisa, Murtala O. TI Conodont biostratigraphy of a more complete Reef Trail Member section near the type section, latest Guadalupian Series type region SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST TEXAS; TAXONOMY AB The original type section of the Reef Trail Member (uppermost part of the Bell Canyon Formation) is called the Park Boundary Section, and is less than satisfactory in several aspects. We propose a new reference section designated Reef Trail Reference section 1 (RTR1) on the same hill as the original type section. Section RTR1 compensates for some of the Park Boundary Section's shortcomings, including better exposure of a single measured section with only minor offset. The conodont biostratigraphy of section RTR1 is presented that, when combined with a better set of described correlation intervals, allows for improved correlation to recently discovered, complete, basinal sections in the Patterson Hills. In comparison with the South Boundary basin section, both the Park Boundary and RTR1 sections are missing approximately the upper third of the Reef Trail Member. Transitional conodonts from the basin demonstrate that Jinogondolella crofti evolved directly from J. altudaensis. We formally elevate Clarkina postbitteri hongshuiensis to C. hongshuiensis. C1 [Lambert, Lance L.; Yisa, Murtala O.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Bell, Gorden L., Jr.] Guadalupe Mt Natl Pk, Salt Flat, TX 79847 USA. [Fronimos, John A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Wardlaw, Bruce R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lambert, LL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM lance.lambert@utsa.edu; Gorden_Bell@nps.gov; john.fronimos@ttu.edu; bwardlaw@usgs.gov; obafemiyisa@yahoo.com RI Lambert, Lance/G-1985-2011 OI Lambert, Lance/0000-0002-6926-3058 NR 45 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 253 PG 21 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 605ON UT WOS:000278357000009 ER PT B AU Cravotta, CA Parkhurst, DL Means, BP McKenzie, RM Arthur, W AF Cravotta, C. A., III Parkhurst, D. L. Means, B. P. McKenzie, R. M. Arthur, W. BE Wolkersdorfer, C Freund, A TI Using the Computer Program AMDTreat with a PHREEQC Titration Module to Compute Caustic Quantity, Effluent Quality, and Sludge Volume SO MINE WATER & INNOVATIVE THINKING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Mine-Water-Association Symposium on Mine Water and Innovative Thinking CY SEP 05-09, 2010 CL Sydney, CANADA SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Cape Breton Univ, Ind Res Chair Mine Water Remediat & Management, Enterprise Cape Breton Corp, Soc Expans Cap Breton, VEOLIA WATER, Solutions & Technol, amec, Stantec, cogent environm, Golder Associates, CONESTOGA ROVERS & ASSOCIATES, DHI WASY, Cape Breton Cty Econ Dev Author, asa analyt, Lhoist, ADI Ltd, ISLAND WELL DRILLERS Ltd, Cape Breton Partnership, CBCL Ltd, CAMPBELL SCI Canada Corp, SCUBA TECH, AIR CANADA DE caustic chemicals; active treatment; cost estimates; geochemical simulation; titration AB The AMDTreat computer program (http://amd.osmre.gov) is widely used to compute costs for treatment of coal-mine drainage. Although AMDTreat can use results of titration with industrial chemicals to accurately compute costs for treatment of net-acidic or net-alkaline mine drainage, such empirical data are rarely available. To improve the capability of AMDTreat to estimate (1) the quantity and cost of caustic chemicals to attain a target pH, (2) the chemistry of treated effluent, and (3) the volume of sludge produced by the treatment, a titration simulation is being developed using the geochemical program PHREEQC (wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_coupled/phreeqc) that will be coupled to AMDTreat. The simulated titration results can be compared with or used in place of empirical titration data to estimate chemical quantities and costs. This paper describes the development, evaluation, and potential utilization of the PHREEQC titration module for AMDTreat. C1 [Cravotta, C. A., III] US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov; dlpark@usgs.gov; bmeans@osmre.gov; rmckenzie@osmre.gov; barthur@osmre.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAPE BRETON UNIV PRESS PI SYDNEY PA PO BOX 5300, SYDNEY, NOVA SCOTIA B1P 6I2, CANADA BN 978-1-897009-47-5 PY 2010 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BGJ72 UT WOS:000323234800021 ER PT B AU Nordstrom, DK McCleskey, RB Ball, JW AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk McCleskey, R. Blaine Ball, James W. BE Wolkersdorfer, C Freund, A TI Challenges in the analysis and interpretation of acidic waters SO MINE WATER & INNOVATIVE THINKING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Mine-Water-Association Symposium on Mine Water and Innovative Thinking CY SEP 05-09, 2010 CL Sydney, CANADA SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Cape Breton Univ, Ind Res Chair Mine Water Remediat & Management, Enterprise Cape Breton Corp, Soc Expans Cap Breton, VEOLIA WATER, Solutions & Technol, amec, Stantec, cogent environm, Golder Associates, CONESTOGA ROVERS & ASSOCIATES, DHI WASY, Cape Breton Cty Econ Dev Author, asa analyt, Lhoist, ADI Ltd, ISLAND WELL DRILLERS Ltd, Cape Breton Partnership, CBCL Ltd, CAMPBELL SCI Canada Corp, SCUBA TECH, AIR CANADA DE analysis; chemistry; complexing; QA/QC ID MINE WATERS; IRON AB Water analyses for regulatory requirements, legal proceedings, scientific studies, and routine monitoring have not always been 'complete' enough because major ions were absent and sometimes potentially hazardous constituents, relevant trace elements, and redox species were absent. Reliability (accuracy and precision) is extremely important but not always achieved despite standard QA/QC procedures. Acidic waters are particularly troublesome to analyze because of interferences for cations and anions. Additional techniques (e.g. calculated conductivity, alternate methods, speciated charge balance; and calculated redox potential) should be routinely employed to improve the reliability of analytical results for acidic waters. C1 [Nordstrom, D. Kirk; McCleskey, R. Blaine; Ball, James W.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAPE BRETON UNIV PRESS PI SYDNEY PA PO BOX 5300, SYDNEY, NOVA SCOTIA B1P 6I2, CANADA BN 978-1-897009-47-5 PY 2010 BP 379 EP 382 PG 4 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BGJ72 UT WOS:000323234800087 ER PT B AU Johnson, RH Yoshino, ME Hall, SM Shea, VR AF Johnson, Raymond H. Yoshino, Miori E. Hall, Susan M. Shea, Valois R. BE Wolkersdorfer, C Freund, A TI Predictive Modeling Strategies for Operations and Closure at Uranium In-Situ Recovery Mines SO MINE WATER & INNOVATIVE THINKING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Mine-Water-Association Symposium on Mine Water and Innovative Thinking CY SEP 05-09, 2010 CL Sydney, CANADA SP Int Mine Water Assoc, Cape Breton Univ, Ind Res Chair Mine Water Remediat & Management, Enterprise Cape Breton Corp, Soc Expans Cap Breton, VEOLIA WATER, Solutions & Technol, amec, Stantec, cogent environm, Golder Associates, CONESTOGA ROVERS & ASSOCIATES, DHI WASY, Cape Breton Cty Econ Dev Author, asa analyt, Lhoist, ADI Ltd, ISLAND WELL DRILLERS Ltd, Cape Breton Partnership, CBCL Ltd, CAMPBELL SCI Canada Corp, SCUBA TECH, AIR CANADA DE uranium; in-situ recovery; predictive modeling; reactive transport AB Uranium in-situ recovery (ISR) mining extracts uranium via enhanced dissolution of solid-phase uranium in groundwater aquifers. This changes the pre-existing groundwater geochemistry and makes uranium and other radionuclides and trace elements of concern more mobile in solution. Mined zones of aquifers often do not produce suitable drinking-water supplies, but surrounding aquifer zones can be of drinking water quality. Local groundwater users are concerned about how nearby ISR mines (either existing or proposed) might impact the quality of their water. For this research, we propose strategies for addressing the following questions: 1) How well do identified aquitards limit groundwater flow between aquifers? 2) What is the groundwater quality at the end of mining after restoration efforts are complete? and 3) What is the long-term fate and transport of any groundwater contaminants away from the mined zone? In order to address these questions, a number of predictive modeling steps should be taken to determine how surrounding groundwater quality may or may not be affected by ISR mining. First, understanding the basic hydrogeologic and geochemical system is critical. Second, predictive modeling using reactive transport models can be used to simulate future groundwater conditions (during mining and post-restoration). Third, predictive modeling can be used to evaluate how well surrounding groundwater quality is protected under the proposed mine plan design and to evaluate possible design alternatives. Fourth, model shortcomings should be evaluated to provide a reasonable range of prediction uncertainties. While these steps are generally applicable to any uranium ISR site, they will be applied and tested at a proposed uranium ISR site near Edgemont, South Dakota. The goal of this research is to provide predictive modeling strategies for better understanding the most probable fate and transport of uranium and other dissolved constituents during and after ISR operations. This information will assist mining companies, permitting agencies, and local groundwater users in making more informed decisions on final mine designs/operations and closure strategies that maximize protection of groundwater quality. C1 [Johnson, Raymond H.; Yoshino, Miori E.; Hall, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAPE BRETON UNIV PRESS PI SYDNEY PA PO BOX 5300, SYDNEY, NOVA SCOTIA B1P 6I2, CANADA BN 978-1-897009-47-5 PY 2010 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources SC Mining & Mineral Processing; Water Resources GA BGJ72 UT WOS:000323234800110 ER PT S AU Anderson, RE Beard, LS AF Anderson, R. Ernest Beard, L. Sue BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI Geology of the Lake Mead region: An overview SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID VALLEY SHEAR ZONE; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; VIRGIN RIVER DEPRESSION; HILLS DETACHMENT FAULT; NORTHERN WHITE HILLS; ANGLE NORMAL FAULTS; SOUTHERN NEVADA; STRIKE-SLIP; LAS-VEGAS; NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA AB The Lake Mead region contains major Miocene disruptions of structures formed during Mesozoic tectonic shortening. Erosion by the Colorado River and its tributaries has produced exceptional exposures of diverse structures and basin deposits recording the disruptions. Here we provide an overview of the results of studies of these features that started in earnest in 1934 when Chester Longwell began assessing the geology of the reservoir floor prior to impoundment of Lake Mead. The analysis was reinvigorated in the 1970s and early 1980s with geological mapping and structural and stratigraphic studies by Ernie Anderson and Bob Bohannon, as well as geochemical and volcanological studies by Gene Smith and his students, and has culminated in numerous subsequent studies. C1 [Anderson, R. Ernest] US Geol Survey, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. [Beard, L. Sue] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Anderson, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 347, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. NR 112 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(01) PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300001 ER PT S AU Felger, TJ Beard, LS AF Felger, Tracey J. Beard, L. Sue BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI Geologic map of Lake Mead and surrounding regions, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northwestern Arizona SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VIRGIN MOUNTAINS AB Regional stratigraphic units and structural features of the Lake Mead region are presented as a 1:250,000 scale map, and as a Geographic Information System database. The map, which was compiled from existing geologic maps of various scales, depicts geologic units, bedding and foliation attitudes, faults and folds. Units and structural features were generalized to highlight the regional stratigraphic and tectonic aspects of the geology of the Lake Mead region. This map was prepared in support of the papers presented in this volume, Special Paper 463, as well as to facilitate future investigations in the region. Stratigraphic units exposed within the area record 1800 million years of geologic history and include Proterozoic crystalline rocks, Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic plutonic rocks, Cenozoic volcanic and intrusive rocks, sedimentary rocks and surficial deposits. Following passive margin sedimentation in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, late Mesozoic (Sevier) thrusting and Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary compression produced major folding, reverse faulting, and thrust faulting in the Basin and Range, and resulted in regional uplift and monoclinal folding in the Colorado Plateau. Cenozoic extensional deformation, accompanied by sedimentation and volcanism, resulted in large-magnitude high-and low-angle normal faulting and strike-slip faulting in the Basin and Range; on the Colorado Plateau, extension produced north-trending high-angle normal faults. The latest history includes integration of the Colorado River system, dissection, development of alluvial fans, extensive pediment surfaces, and young faulting. C1 [Felger, Tracey J.; Beard, L. Sue] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Felger, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(02) PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300002 ER PT S AU Langenheim, VE Beard, LS Faulds, JE AF Langenheim, Victoria E. Beard, L. Sue Faulds, James E. BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI Implications of geophysical analysis on basin geometry and fault offsets in the northern Colorado River extensional corridor and adjoining Lake Mead region, Nevada and Arizona SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VALLEY SHEAR ZONE; SOUTH VIRGIN MOUNTAINS; LAS-VEGAS; NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA; STRIKE-SLIP; SOUTHEASTERN NEVADA; RANGE PROVINCE; UNITED-STATES; PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; MIOCENE EXTENSION AB The northern Colorado River extensional corridor and Lake Mead region are characterized by prominent gravity and magnetic anomalies that provide insight into the geometry of extensional basins, amount of vertical and strike-slip offset on faults that bound these basins, and composition of major basement blocks. Although large-magnitude extension throughout the extensional corridor and major strike-slip faulting north of Lake Mead have highly disrupted many basins, most of the older basins (middle to late Miocene) are not associated with prominent geophysical anomalies. Instead, the most conspicuous anomalies (e.g., gravity lows) generally correspond to the younger (late Miocene to recent), structurally more coherent basins. Most of the geophysically expressed basins lie north of Lake Mead and are bounded by Quaternary normal and/or strike-slip fault zones. Both Quaternary faults and geophysically conspicuous basins are largely absent south of Lake Mead, where the only prominent gravity low corresponds to a structurally intact basin filled primarily with halite along the less extended, eastern margin of the corridor. Relatively continuous northeast-trending magnetic anomalies south of Lake Mead, presumably caused by Proterozoic basement rocks, suggest that strike-slip displacement is negligible on many of the major normal faults. In contrast, magnetic anomalies are smeared along the Lake Mead fault system and Las Vegas Valley shear zone. Offset anomalies suggest left-lateral displacement of 12-20 km for the Hamblin Bay fault zone, 12-15 km for the Lime Ridge fault, and 12 km on the Gold Butte fault. These values are compatible with or lower than published estimates based on geologic mapping. C1 [Langenheim, Victoria E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beard, L. Sue] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Faulds, James E.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 96 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 39 EP 59 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(03) PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300003 ER PT S AU Faulds, JE Price, LM Snee, LW Gans, PB AF Faulds, James E. Price, Linda M. Snee, Lawrence W. Gans, Phillip B. BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI A chronicle of Miocene extension near the Colorado Plateau-Basin and Range boundary, southern White Hills, northwestern Arizona: Paleogeographic and tectonic implications SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PEACH SPRINGS TUFF; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LAKE MEAD AREA; NORMAL-FAULT SYSTEMS; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ACCOMMODATION ZONE; VIRGIN MOUNTAINS; DETACHMENT FAULT; WESTERN ARIZONA AB In northwestern Arizona, the high-standing, relatively unextended Colorado Plateau abruptly gives way across a system of major west-dipping normal faults to a highly extended part of the Basin and Range province known as the northern Colorado River extensional corridor. The transition from unextended to highly extended upper crust is unusually sharp within this region, contrasting with a broad transition zone elsewhere. The southern White Hills lie near the eastern margin of the extensional corridor in northwestern Arizona and contain a large east-tilted half graben that chronicles Miocene extension and constrains the timing of structural demarcation between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range province during Neogene time. This growth-fault basin is bounded on the east by the west-dipping Cyclopic and Cerbat Mountains fault zones. Greater tilts in the hanging walls suggest that these faults have listric geometries. The stratigraphy in the half graben consists of Miocene volcanic rocks intercalated with an eastward-thickening wedge of synextensional fanglomerates. Tilts in the Miocene units decrease up section from similar to 75 degrees to 5 degrees. Recent Ar-40/Ar-39 dating (11 new dates) of variably tilted volcanic rocks in the growth-fault basin and regional relations constrain the timing of east-west extension between ca. 16.6 and <9 Ma, with peak extension from ca. 16.6 to 15.2 Ma. Capping 8.7 Ma basalts are tilted 5 degrees-10 degrees and record the waning stages of extension. Thus, the sharp boundary between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range began developing by ca. 16.5 Ma and has changed little since ca. 9 Ma. Major extension and basin development significantly lowered base level within the extensional corridor and induced headward erosion into the western margin of the Colorado Plateau, which ultimately facilitated development of the western Grand Canyon. Abundant clasts of 1.7 Ga megacrystic granite in the eastward-thickening fanglomerates within the growth-fault basin suggest a partial provenance from the Garnet Mountain area along or near the western margin of the Colorado Plateau beginning as early as ca. 16 Ma and continuing to ca. 9 Ma. C1 [Faulds, James E.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Price, Linda M.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Snee, Lawrence W.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Gans, Phillip B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Faulds, JE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, MS 178, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 101 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 87 EP 119 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(05) PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300005 ER PT S AU Howard, KA Beard, LS Kuntz, MA Kunk, MJ Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Perkins, ME Lucchitta, I AF Howard, Keith A. Beard, L. Sue Kuntz, M. A. Kunk, M. J. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M. Perkins, M. E. Lucchitta, Ivo BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI Erosion of tilted fault blocks and deposition of coarse sediments in half-graben basins during late stages of extension: Gold Butte area, Basin and Range Province SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTH VIRGIN MOUNTAINS; SOUTHEASTERN NEVADA; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; COLORADO RIVER; ALLUVIAL-FAN; CLARK-COUNTY; STRIKE-SLIP; ARIZONA; CALIFORNIA; ORIGIN AB The provenance and stratigraphic architecture of basin-filling Miocene sediments around the Gold Butte area, southern Nevada, and adjacent highlands record the erosion of fault blocks that progressively tilted during extension. This study focuses especially on upper Miocene correlatives of the red sandstone unit and the Muddy Creek Formation that were deposited during waning stages of extension. Upper parts of the underlying middle Miocene Horse Spring Formation are also addressed. The large east-tilted South Virgin-White Hills block, including the Gold Butte block, was the primary source of coarse detritus into the adjacent half-graben basins on both sides. Voluminous, very coarse-grained sediments were shed eastward down the back slope of this tilt block into the Grand Wash Trough. This suggests that there were large middle and late Miocene catchments on that side of the block, possibly inherited from a gentler dip slope early in the tilting history. The block uplifted and tilted during slip on the west-dipping South Virgin-White Hills normal fault that bounds the west side of the block. Its exposed footwall shed coarse-grained debris to the west. While the fault was active, this debris included rock-avalanche megabreccias. Longitudinal transport of coarse-grained sediment also occurred along the axes of basins on both sides of the block. In the late Miocene, fault death at ca. 10 Ma followed rotation of the South Virgin-White Hills fault, and the along-strike Quail Spring fault, from initial dips >55 degrees to dips <30 degrees. This cessation of faulting coincided with and likely caused an eastward shift in locus of faulting to the steeper Wheeler fault system. Coarse sediment shed from the South Virgin-White Hills tilt block gradually declined as deformation waned and limestone-rich sedimentation expanded onto the basin margins against the block. Where the rising sedimentary fills eventually bridged across the block and connected basins on either side, these bridge sites served to focus later integrated regional drainage-the Pliocene Colorado River. Progressive Miocene tilting of the highland block would have broadened its structural footwall on the west and narrowed its east-dipping back slope. Migration of the drainage divide by erosion and piracy, influenced by changing tilt slopes, can explain the modern position of the divide in the Gold Butte block as one that separates drainage roughly equally down the two sides. C1 [Howard, Keith A.; Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beard, L. Sue; Lucchitta, Ivo] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kuntz, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kunk, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Perkins, M. E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Howard, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM khoward@usgs.gov; sbeard@usgs.gov; mkuntz@usgs.gov; mkunk@usgs.gov; asarna@usgs.gov; perkins@earth.utah.edu; ivo@lucchitta.com; sbeard@usgs.gov NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 147 EP 170 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(07) PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300007 ER PT S AU Umhoefer, PJ Duebendorfer, EM Blythe, N Swaney, ZA Beard, LS McIntosh, WC AF Umhoefer, Paul J. Duebendorfer, Ernest M. Blythe, Nathan Swaney, Zack A. Beard, L. Sue McIntosh, William C. BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI Development of Gregg Basin and the southwestern Grand Wash Trough during late-stage faulting in eastern Lake Mead, Arizona SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTH VIRGIN MOUNTAINS; SOUTHEASTERN NEVADA; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA; RANGE; EVOLUTION; UPLIFT; HISTORY; STRIKE; STRAIN AB The Lost Basin Range in the eastern Lake Mead domain consists of Proterozoic rocks that bound the west side of the Grand Wash Trough. Exhumation of the Proterozoic rocks of the Lost Basin Range occurred from ca. 18 to 15 Ma based on seven apatite fission-track ages that range from 20 to 15 Ma. The Lost Basin Range fault lies along the west side of the Lost Basin Range and steps to the east to the southern end of the Wheeler fault, which then runs north for 60 km, where it joins the Grand Wash fault. The geometry of the southern Wheeler-Lost Basin Range fault system is that of a relay ramp between two, west-dipping, high-angle normal faults. The intervening area of the fault step over, Gregg Basin, is interpreted as a relay ramp basin. New interpreted ages from stratigraphic units on the north and east sides of the Lost Basin Range integrated with existing structural data from the eastern Lake Mead domain reveal that faulting, sedimentation, and tilting of hanging-wall and footwall blocks along the southern Wheeler-Lost Basin Range fault system began by 15.3 Ma. Sedimentation continued until after 13 Ma along the southeastern Lost Basin Range, while the age of continuing sedimentation in Gregg Basin is poorly constrained. A paleocanyon in the footwall of the southern Wheeler fault filled with conglomerate and minor breccia between ca. 15.3 and ca. 14 Ma and then overtopped to the south to cover the Paleozoic rocks of south Wheeler Ridge. The Paleozoic strata of the south Wheeler Ridge area tilted east 20 degrees-30 degrees more than the Miocene strata that overlie them, and therefore this tilting occurred before ca. 14 Ma. Upward-decreasing fanning) bedding attitudes in the overlapping Miocene conglomerate indicate that Paleozoic strata were being tilted along with the Miocene strata by ca. 14 Ma. Gentle (5 degrees and less) east dips in the lower beds of the Hualapai Limestone above and east of the paleocanyon suggest that most tilting in the western Grand Wash Trough ceased by ca. 11 Ma. The lower conglomerate of Gregg Basin lies below, and interfingers with, the limestone of Gregg Basin, which is undated but correlates with the 11-7 Ma Hualapai Limestone in the adjacent Grand Wash Trough. The syncline in upper Gregg Basin strata is linked spatially to the Wheeler and Lost Basin Range faults and indicates that these faults were likely active at 11-7 Ma. The two faults appear to cut the Gregg Basin limestone, and therefore post-7 Ma fault activity at lower rates is likely. C1 [Umhoefer, Paul J.; Duebendorfer, Ernest M.; Blythe, Nathan; Swaney, Zack A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Beard, L. Sue] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McIntosh, William C.] New Mexico Inst Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Umhoefer, PJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, POB 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 221 EP 241 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(10) PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300010 ER PT S AU Beard, LS Campagna, DJ Anderson, RE AF Beard, L. Sue Campagna, David J. Anderson, R. Ernest BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI Geometry and kinematics of the eastern Lake Mead fault system in the Virgin Mountains, Nevada and Arizona SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VALLEY SHEAR ZONE; SOUTHEASTERN NEVADA; LAS-VEGAS; SLIP DATA; NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA; CRUSTAL EXTENSION; RIVER DEPRESSION; SOUTHERN NEVADA; GREAT-BASIN; STRIKE AB The Lake Mead fault system is a northeast-striking, 130-km-long zone of left-slip in the southeast Great Basin, active from before 16 Ma to Quaternary time. The north-east end of the Lake Mead fault system in the Virgin Mountains of southeast Nevada and northwest Arizona forms a partitioned strain field comprising kinematically linked northeast-striking left-lateral faults, north-striking normal faults, and northwest-striking right-lateral faults. Major faults bound large structural blocks whose internal strain reflects their position within a left step-over of the left-lateral faults. Two north-striking large-displacement normal faults, the Lakeside Mine segment of the South Virgin-White Hills detachment fault and the Piedmont fault, intersect the left step-over from the southwest and northeast, respectively. The left step-over in the Lake Mead fault system therefore corresponds to a right-step in the regional normal fault system. Within the left step-over, displacement transfer between the left-lateral faults and linked normal faults occurs near their junctions, where the left-lateral faults become oblique and normal fault displacement decreases away from the junction. Southward from the center of the step-over in the Virgin Mountains, down-to-the-west normal faults splay northward from left-lateral faults, whereas north and east of the center, down-to-the-east normal faults splay southward from left-lateral faults. Minimum slip is thus in the central part of the left step-over, between east-directed slip to the north and west-directed slip to the south. Attenuation faults parallel or subparallel to bedding cut Lower Paleozoic rocks and are inferred to be early structures that accommodated footwall uplift during the initial stages of extension. Fault-slip data indicate oblique extensional strain within the left step-over in the South Virgin Mountains, manifested as east-west extension; shortening is partitioned between vertical for extension-dominated structural blocks and south-directed for strike-slip faults. Strike-slip faults are oblique to the extension direction due to structural inheritance from NE-striking fabrics in Proterozoic crystalline basement rocks. We hypothesize that (1) during early phases of deformation oblique extension was partitioned to form east-west-extended domains bounded by left-lateral faults of the Lake Mead fault system, from ca. 16 to 14 Ma. (2) Beginning ca. 13 Ma, increased south-directed shortening impinged on the Virgin Mountains and forced uplift, faulting, and overturning along the north and west side of the Virgin Mountains. (3) By ca. 10 Ma, initiation of the younger Hen Spring to Hamblin Bay fault segment of the Lake Mead fault system accommodated westward tectonic escape, and the focus of south-directed shortening transferred to the western Lake Mead region. The shift from early partitioned oblique extension to south-directed shortening may have resulted from initiation of right-lateral shear of the eastern Walker Lane to the west coupled with left-lateral shear along the eastern margin of the Great Basin. C1 [Beard, L. Sue] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Campagna, David J.] Campagna & Associates LLC, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Anderson, R. Ernest] US Geol Survey, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. RP Beard, LS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 243 EP 274 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(11) PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300011 ER PT S AU Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Martin, KL Blythe, N AF Umhoefer, Paul J. Beard, L. Sue Martin, K. Luke Blythe, Nathan BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI From detachment to transtensional faulting: A model for the Lake Mead extensional domain based on new ages and correlation of subbasins SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID APATITE (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; VIRGIN RIVER DEPRESSION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; VALLEY SHEAR ZONE; CONTINENTAL EXTENSION; SOUTHEASTERN NEVADA; SOUTHERN NEVADA; LOWER CRUST; LAS-VEGAS AB New studies of selected basins in the Miocene extensional belt of the northern Lake Mead domain, southern Nevada, suggest refinements on previous models for the early extensional history of the region. Critical data come from (1) the Longwell Ridges area, west of Overton Arm and within the Lake Mead fault system; (2) the Salt Spring Wash Basin, in the hanging wall of the South Virgin Mountains-White Hills detachment fault; and (3) previously studied subbasins of the South Virgin Mountains in the Gold Butte step-over region. Our model focuses on the early history of extension and involves analysis of the lower Horse Spring Formation and correlative strata. The basins and fault patterns suggest two stages of basin development related to two distinct faulting episodes, an early period of detachment faulting, followed by a switch to faulting mainly along the Lake Mead transtensional fault system while detachment faulting waned. Apatite fission-track ages suggest that the footwall block of the detachment fault began cooling at 18-17 Ma. The 18-17 Ma time period appears to be the age of the upper limestone of the Rainbow Gardens Member of the Horse Spring Formation, which is interpreted to be a pre-extensional unit deposited only north of Gold Butte block in the Gold Butte step-over basin, where facies patterns and slow rates of sedimentation make faulting uncertain. The first definite basin stage occurred ca. 16.5-15.5 Ma, during which there was slow to moderate faulting and basin subsidence in a contiguous basin along the South Virgin Mountains-White Hills detachment fault and in the Gold Butte step-over basin; the step-over basin had complex fluvial and lacustrine facies and was synchronous with landslides and debris flows in the basin in the hanging wall of the detachment fault. At ca. 15.5-14.5 Ma, there was a dramatic increase in sedimentation rate related to formation or increased activity on the Gold Butte fault, a change from lacustrine to widespread fluvial, playa, and local landslide facies in the step-over basin, and the peak of exhumation and faulting rates on the detachment fault. The simple early Gold Butte step-over basin broke up into numerous subbasins at ca. 15.5-14.5 Ma as initial faults of the Lake Mead fault system formed. From 14.5 to 14.0 Ma, a major change occurred from dominantly detachment faulting to dominantly transtensional (strike-slip + normal) faulting in the Lake Mead fault system as detachment faulting waned. At this time, the Lake Mead fault system began to propagate to the west, and activity on faults and in subbasins north of Gold Butte slowed or ceased, accompanied by major progradation of alluvial conglomerates over the step-over basin. The geometry of the South Virgin Mountains-White Hills detachment fault that dominated the early Lake Mead extension history fundamentally controlled patterns of faulting and magmatism throughout the rest of the extensional history, even as the detachment faulting itself slowed from 14 to 11 Ma, when it ceased to be active. In a regional view, the detachment faulting in eastern Lake Mead is linked to and forms the northern end of the ca. 20-11 Ma northern Colorado River extension corridor. Similar to the rest of the corridor, faulting and exhumation peaked at 15 Ma, but at the north end of the corridor in eastern Lake Mead, detachment faulting changed rapidly to dominantly transtensional left-lateral faulting of the Lake Mead fault system. Eastern Lake Mead shows evidence for a spatial boundary between the southern and central Basin and Range that is best thought of as a northeast-southwest-trending feature located on numerous older tectonic boundaries. The area also records a temporal change from detachment to transtensional faulting characteristic of the central Basin and Range after 15 Ma. C1 [Umhoefer, Paul J.; Martin, K. Luke; Blythe, Nathan] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Beard, L. Sue] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Umhoefer, PJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 371 EP 394 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(17) PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300017 ER PT S AU Anderson, RE Felger, TJ Diehl, SF Page, WR Workman, JB AF Anderson, R. Ernest Felger, Tracey J. Diehl, S. F. Page, W. R. Workman, J. B. BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI Integration of tectonic, sedimentary, and geohydrologic processes leading to a small-scale extension model for the Mormon Mountains area north of Lake Mead, Lincoln County, Nevada SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANGLE NORMAL FAULTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; VIRGIN RIVER DEPRESSION; SPACE-TIME PATTERNS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA; DETACHMENT FAULTS; CORE COMPLEX; GREAT-BASIN; SOUTHEASTERN NEVADA AB Scattered remnants of highly diverse stratigraphic sections of Tertiary lacustrine limestone, andesite flows, and 23.8-18.2 Ma regional ash-flow tuffs on the north flank of the Mormon Mountains record previously unrecognized deformation, which we interpret as pre-17 Ma uplift and possibly weak extension on the north flank of a growing dome. Directly to the north of the Mormon dome, 17-14 Ma ash-flow tuffs and rhyolite are interstratified with landslides, debris avalanches, debris flows, and alluvial-fan deposits that accumulated to a thickness of more than 2 km in an extension-parallel basin. The source for the landslides and debris avalanche deposits is unknown, but it was probably an adjacent scarp along a transverse fault bounding an early part of the Mormon dome. An average 45 degrees of easterly tilt of the entire Tertiary basin-fill succession represents the major post-14 Ma deformation event in the region. We question the basis for the published estimate of 22 km of westerly displacement on the Mormon Peak detachment fault and, on the basis of landslides in the upper plate having a probable source in the adjacent Mormon dome, constrain the heave to similar to 4 km. We interpret the dome and basin as coupled strains similar to others in the region and suggest that these strains reflect a waveform pattern of extension-normal lateral midcrustal ductile flow. Previously, doming was interpreted as an isostatic response to tectonic unloading by large-displacement detachment faults or as pseudo-structural highs stranded by removal of middle crust from adjacent areas. Moreover, we argue that the strong thinning of upper-plate rock successions throughout the Mormon Mountains and Tule Springs Hills resulted from a loss of rock volume by protracted fluid flow, dissolution, and collapse, seriously limiting the usefulness of upper-plate strain in evaluating extension magnitude. We present a geohydrologic model that couples uplift driven by ductile inflow with dissolution driven by fluid infiltration, possibly augmented by mantle-derived CO2-rich fluids. Karsting in the uplands led to carbonate sedimentation in adjacent lowlands. Whether or not our downward revision of extension in the Mormon Mountains is valid, extension at that latitude is isolated from extension in the Lake Mead area by a low-strain corridor between the two areas. Recognition of the isolated and potentially diminished strain impacts estimates of maximum finite elongation of the Basin and Range Province because one of three vector paths used in those estimates passes through the Mormon Mountains. C1 [Anderson, R. Ernest] US Geol Survey, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. [Felger, Tracey J.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Diehl, S. F.; Page, W. R.; Workman, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Anderson, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 347, Kernville, CA 93238 USA. EM anderson_ernie@yahoo.com NR 122 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 395 EP 426 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(18) PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300018 ER PT S AU Diehl, SF Anderson, RE Humphrey, JD AF Diehl, S. F. Anderson, R. Ernest Humphrey, J. D. BE Umhoefer, PJ Beard, LS Lamb, MA TI Fluid flow, solution collapse, and massive dissolution at detachment faults, Mormon Mountains, Nevada SO MIOCENE TECTONICS OF THE LAKE MEAD REGION, CENTRAL BASIN AND RANGE SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRESSURE-SOLUTION; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; CLEAVAGE FORMATION; VOLUME LOSS; LIMESTONES; ZONE; SLIP; BELGIUM; ISOTOPE; STRESS AB Dissolution has removed large volumes of rock at low-angle normal faults, i.e., detachment faults, in the Mormon Mountains and the Tule Springs Hills in the eastern Basin and Range Province, southeastern Nevada. Evidence for major dissolution includes widespread solution-collapse breccias, meter-scale stylolite structures, and high-angle accommodation faults that terminate at or merge with dissolution seams. Chemically reactive fluids moving along the fault zones led to a strong depletion of O-18 in the detachment fault breccias (e.g., a delta O-18 decrease of 8 parts per thousand relative to the unaltered rocks). These strong chemical shifts, demonstrated by (1) negative oxygen isotope values and (2) steep compositional gradients marked by metal enrichment in elements such as Au, Ag, Ti, Pb, Zn, and Cu, are generally restricted to the narrow (<1 m to 8 m) microbreccia zones. Extensional faulting and fracturing, accompanying regional uplift, opened conduits for the influx of meteoric waters from above and hydrothermal fluids from below. As the largest, most permeable structures that formed during uplift, detachment faults focused the fluid flow. In this deformation and hydrogeologic model, dissolution-caused stratal thinning is a major complement to detachment faulting and is an important process that resolves void space issues in the reconstruction of cross sections. C1 [Diehl, S. F.; Anderson, R. Ernest] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Humphrey, J. D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Diehl, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM diehl@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2463-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 463 BP 427 EP 441 DI 10.1130/2010.2463(19) PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BTA57 UT WOS:000286214300019 ER PT J AU Hoy, MS Kelly, K Rodriguez, RJ AF Hoy, Marshal S. Kelly, Kevin Rodriguez, Rusty J. TI Development of a molecular diagnostic system to discriminate Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) and Dreissena bugensis (quagga mussel) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE 3-primer PCR; invasive species; molecular diagnostics; rDNA; species-specific markers; veligers ID POPULATIONS; BIVALVIA AB A 3-primer PCR system was developed to discriminate invasive zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (Dreissena bugensis) mussel. The system is based on: 1) universal primers that amplifies a region of the nuclear 28s rDNA gene from both species and 2) a species-specific primer complementary to either zebra or quagga mussel. The species-specific primers bind to sequences between the binding sites for the universal primers resulting in the amplification of two products from the target species and one product from the nontarget species. Therefore, nontarget products are positive amplification controls. The 3-primer system accurately discriminated zebra and quagga mussels from seven geographically distinct populations. C1 [Hoy, Marshal S.; Rodriguez, Rusty J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hoy, Marshal S.; Rodriguez, Rusty J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kelly, Kevin] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rodriguez, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rjrodriguez@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 190 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02727.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 533ZY UT WOS:000272866500023 PM 21565008 ER PT J AU Lunt, DJ Haywood, AM Schmidt, GA Salzmann, U Valdes, PJ Dowsett, HJ AF Lunt, Daniel J. Haywood, Alan M. Schmidt, Gavin A. Salzmann, Ulrich Valdes, Paul J. Dowsett, Harry J. TI Earth system sensitivity inferred from Pliocene modelling and data SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; COUPLED MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MID-PLIOCENE; SURFACE MELT; CO2; VEGETATION; FUTURE; CRYOSPHERE; WARMTH AB Quantifying the equilibrium response of global temperatures to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is one of the cornerstones of climate research. Components of the Earth's climate system that vary over long timescales, such as ice sheets and vegetation, could have an important effect on this temperature sensitivity, but have often been neglected. Here we use a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model to simulate the climate of the mid-Pliocene warm period (about three million years ago), and analyse the forcings and feedbacks that contributed to the relatively warm temperatures. Furthermore, we compare our simulation with proxy records of mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature. Taking these lines of evidence together, we estimate that the response of the Earth system to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is 30-50% greater than the response based on those fast-adjusting components of the climate system that are used traditionally to estimate climate sensitivity. We conclude that targets for the long-term stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations aimed at preventing a dangerous human interference with the climate system should take into account this higher sensitivity of the Earth system. C1 [Lunt, Daniel J.; Valdes, Paul J.] Univ Bristol, BRIDGE, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Lunt, Daniel J.; Salzmann, Ulrich] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Haywood, Alan M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Schmidt, Gavin A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lunt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, BRIDGE, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. EM d.j.lunt@bristol.ac.uk RI Lunt, Daniel/G-9451-2011; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; OI Lunt, Daniel/0000-0003-3585-6928; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU BAS; RCUK FX This work was carried out in the framework of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Greenhouse to ice-house: Evolution of the Antarctic Cryosphere And Palaeoenvironment (GEACEP) programme. D.J.L. is financially supported by BAS and RCUK fellowhips. NR 43 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 8 U2 47 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1038/NGEO706 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 535NM UT WOS:000272976200018 ER PT S AU Nagler, PL Murray, RS Glenn, EP Hultine, K Dennison, PE AF Nagler, P. L. Murray, R. S. Glenn, E. P. Hultine, K. Dennison, P. E. BE Kajiwara, K Muramatsu, K Soyama, N Endo, T Ono, A Akatsuka, S TI MODELING THE PHENOLOGY AND SPREAD OF TAMARIX BEETLE INFESTATION AND IMPACT ON WATER SAVINGS SO NETWORKING THE WORLD WITH REMOTE SENSING SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Networking the World with Remote Sensing of ISPRS-Technical-Commission CY AUG 09-12, 2010 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP ISPRS Tech Commiss DE Tamarix Saltcedar; Invasives; Beetle Infestation; Phenology; Evapotranspiration; Cameras; MODIS AB We summarize preliminary findings of our assessment of phenology and water use (sap flux and satellite-derived evapotranspiration (ET) rates) in two adjacent stands of beetle-infested saltcedar (Tamarix Spp.) stands on the Dolores River, Utah, USA. A 10 m tower was erected in each stand prior to 2008. Beetle damage was measured using canopy cover from images taken from tower-mounted visible and infrared cameras ("phenocams"). Time-lapse image sets from the cameras were compared with fine-scale estimates of water use using stem sap flow measurements conducted over three growing seasons (2007-2009). Fractional cover from tower phenocams was comparable to cover from MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Also, EVI was combined with meteorological data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) at 15 release sites throughout the western USA. ET was estimated at 16-day intervals from 2000-2009, encompassing pre- and post-release periods at each site. Ground data included leaf area index (LAI) data from an LAI-2000, canopy cover via camera, vegetation structure, composition, phenology, and litter traps. Preliminary results from the sap flux, phenocams and imagery show that both cover and plant transpiration fell dramatically during or shortly after the defoliated period, but recovered when new leaves were produced each year. Baseline ET rates were low, 2-6 mm d(-1) in summer (<0.5 potential ET). At 4 of 15 sites, estimated ET by MODIS decreased markedly after release. At other sites, no decrease in ET was detected. ET tended to recover to pre-release levels at affected sites. Potential water salvage was constrained to the period of defoliation. C1 [Nagler, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Murray, R. S.; Glenn, E. P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Hultine, K.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Dennison, P. E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM pnagler@usgs.gov; eglenn@ag.arizona.edu; hultine@biology.utah.edu; dennison@geog.utah.edu OI Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 778 EP 782 PN 8 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB2NN UT WOS:000341930000165 ER PT B AU Mooney, WD White, SM AF Mooney, Walter D. White, Susan M. BE Cloetingh, S Negendank, J TI Recent Developments in Earthquake Hazards Studies SO NEW FRONTIERS IN INTEGRATED SOLID EARTH SCIENCES SE International Year of Planet Earth LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ILP Conference on New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences CY JUN 12-13, 2007 CL GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr, Potsdam, GERMANY SP GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr, Int Lithosphere Program, Netherlands Res Ctr Integrated Solid Earth Sci HO GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr DE Diffuse plate boundarie; Earthquake; Global positioning syste; Paleoseismic record; Seismic tremor ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; 2004 PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKE; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; NUCLEATION PHASE; STRESS TRANSFER; SILENT SLIP AB In recent years, there has been great progress understanding the underlying causes of earthquakes, as well as forecasting their occurrence and preparing communities for their damaging effects. Plate tectonic theory explains the occurrence of earthquakes at discrete plate boundaries, such as subduction zones and transform faults, but diffuse plate boundaries are also common. Seismic hazards are distributed over a broad region within diffuse plate boundaries. lntraplate earthquakes occur in otherwise stable crust located far away from any plate boundary, and can cause great loss of life and property. These earthquakes cannot be explained by classical plate tectonics, and as such, are a topic of great scientific debate. Earthquake hazards are determined by a number of factors, among which the earthquake magnitude is only one factor. Other critical factors include population density, the potential for secondary hazards, such as fire, landslides and tsunamis, and the vulnerability of man-made structures to severe strong ground motion. In order to reduce earthquake hazards, engineers and scientists are taking advantage of new technologies to advance the fields of earthquake forecasting and mitigation. Seismicity is effectively monitored in many regions with regional networks, and world seismicity is monitored by the Global Seismic Network that consists of more than 150 high-quality, broadband seismic stations using satellite telemetry systems. Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) systems monitor crustal strain in tectonically active and intraplate regions. A relatively recent technology, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) uses radar waves emitted from satellites to map the Earth's surface at high (sub-cm) resolution. InSAR technology opens the door to continuous monitoring of crustal deformation within active plate boundaries. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), along with other partners, has created Shake Map, an online notification system that provides near-real-time post-earthquake maps of ground shaking intensity. These maps are especially useful for the coordination of emergency response teams and for the improvement of building codes. Using a combination of these new technologies, with paleoseismology studies, we have steadily improved the science of earthquake forecasting whereby one estimates the probability that an earthquake will occur during a specified time interval. A very recent development is Earthquake Early Warning, a system that will provide earthquake information within seconds of the initial rupture of a fault. These systems will give the public some tens of seconds to prepare for imminent earthquake strong ground motion. Advances in earthquake science hold the promise of diminishing earthquake hazards on a global scale despite ever-increasing population growth. C1 [Mooney, Walter D.; White, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mooney@usgs.gov RI Cloetingh, Sierd/E-5194-2012 OI Cloetingh, Sierd/0000-0001-9472-7881 NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-2736-8 J9 INT YEAR PLANET EART PY 2010 BP 235 EP 260 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2737-5_6 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BRA45 UT WOS:000282243600006 ER PT B AU Rubinstein, JL Shelly, DR Ellsworth, WL AF Rubinstein, Justin L. Shelly, David R. Ellsworth, William L. BE Cloetingh, S Negendank, J TI Non-volcanic Tremor: A Window into the Roots of Fault Zones SO NEW FRONTIERS IN INTEGRATED SOLID EARTH SCIENCES SE International Year of Planet Earth LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ILP Conference on New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences CY JUN 12-13, 2007 CL GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr, Potsdam, GERMANY SP GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr, Int Lithosphere Program, Netherlands Res Ctr Integrated Solid Earth Sci HO GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr DE Tremor; ETS; Slow earthquakes; Slow-slip ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SLOW SLIP EVENTS; LOW-FREQUENCY EARTHQUAKES; 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SILENT SLIP; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC TREMOR; SEISMOGENIC ZONE; KILAUEA-VOLCANO AB The recent discovery of non-volcanic tremor in Japan and the coincidence of tremor with slow-slip in Cascadia have made earth scientists reevaluate our models for the physical processes in subduction zones and on faults in general. Subduction zones have been studied very closely since the discovery of slow-slip and tremor. This has led to the discovery of a number of related phenomena including low frequency earthquakes and very low frequency earthquakes. All of these events fall into what some have called a new class of events that are governed under a different frictional regime than simple brittle failure. While this model is appealing to many, consensus as to exactly what process generates tremor has yet to be reached. Tremor and related events also provide a window into the deep roots of subduction zones, a poorly understood region that is largely devoid of seismicity. Given that such fundamental questions remain about non-volcanic tremor, slow-slip, and the region in which they occur, we expect that this will be a fruitful field for a long time to come. C1 [Rubinstein, Justin L.; Shelly, David R.; Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rubinstein, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrubinstein@usgs.gov; ellsworth@usgs.gov RI Cloetingh, Sierd/E-5194-2012; OI Cloetingh, Sierd/0000-0001-9472-7881; Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 NR 164 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-2736-8 J9 INT YEAR PLANET EART PY 2010 BP 287 EP 314 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2737-5_8 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BRA45 UT WOS:000282243600008 ER PT J AU Hand, DM Brignon, WR Olson, DE Rivera, J AF Hand, David M. Brignon, William R. Olson, Douglas E. Rivera, Jesse TI Comparing Two Methods Used to Mark Juvenile Chinook Salmon: Automated and Manual Marking SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TAGS AB Hatcheries in the U.S. Pacific Northwest are increasingly implementing programs that use an adipose fin clip and coded wire tag to mark a large number of juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. Traditionally, fin-clipping and tagging were done by hand, but the need to mass-mark large numbers of fish has led to the development of an automated tagging trailer system (Northwest Marine Technology, Inc.). We compared the adipose fin clip quality, coded wire tag retention, and injury rates of juvenile stream-type spring Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha marked and tagged at automated and manual tagging trailers at Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery (NFH) and Carson NFH, two hatcheries located in the Columbia River basin. Clip quality (99% good clips), tag retention (>98%), and injury rates (<7%) were similar between the two types of trailers at Carson NFH, where the manual markers had several years' experience clipping and tagging fish. At Warm Springs NFH, where the majority of manual markers had no previous experience, injury rates were similar (<14%) but the fish marked and tagged in the automated trailer had significantly higher clip quality (95% good clips) and tag retention (98%) than those marked and tagged in the manual trailer (70% good clips, 87% retention), where the clip quality and tag retention were poorest during the first day of tagging. Our results show that automated and manual trailers can perform similarly with regard to fin clip quality, tag retention rate, and injury rate when staffed by experienced markers. We recommend focusing efforts on training and quality control during the initial days of tagging and incorporating postmarking clip quality and coded wire tag retention sampling into all marking programs. C1 [Hand, David M.; Brignon, William R.; Olson, Douglas E.; Rivera, Jesse] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Hand, DM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM david_hand@fws.gov FU Carson NFH FX We thank Chuck Fuller, Pat Kemper, and Tyson Lankford from the Columbia River Fisheries Program Office's Marking Program for their hard work in setting up and overseeing the marking trailers at both hatcheries. Rod Engle from the Columbia River Fisheries Program Office provided assistance in study design and implementation at Carson NFH. We thank the hatchery staff at Warm Springs NFH and Carson NFH for their assistance in implementing this evaluation. We also thank Roberta Cook and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions on improving this paper. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries provided partial support through Mitchell Act funding at Carson NFH. References to trade names do not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1577/A08-065.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588YZ UT WOS:000277112000002 ER PT J AU Tipping, JM Zajac, DP AF Tipping, Jack M. Zajac, David P. TI Manipulating Diet in the Last Month of Juvenile Rearing Did Not Enhance Adult Steelhead Survival at Makah National Fish Hatchery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; REARED WINTER STEELHEAD; RETURNS; RELEASE; GROWTH; LENGTH; OREGON; TROUT; RATES AB To enhance the adult survival of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss by reducing their condition factor before release, groups of fish were fed a control diet (41-47% protein, 15-18% lipid), a low-calorie fish pill diet (20% protein, 7% lipid), or 29% of the control ration in the last month of rearing at Makah National Fish Hatchery. The diet modifications were applied for three consecutive years from mid-March to release in late April. Although the condition factors of fish were successfully reduced from a mean of 0.98 for the control diet to 0.95 and 0.94 with the low-calorie and reduced-control diets, respectively, adult fish recovery rates were not significantly different (P = 0.234). However, some feed cost savings might be realized by cautiously reducing ration levels or feed calorie content in the last month of rearing, but this should be done only if a minimum length threshold at release is assured. C1 [Zajac, David P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Tipping, Jack M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Zajac, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 510 Desmond Dr SE,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM dave_zajac@fws.gov FU Hatchery Scientific Review Group through the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX We thank A. Jensen and the staff at Makah National Fish Hatchery and the Western Washington Office for their assistance in the fish culture, tagging, and tag recovery. We also thank the Makah Nation fisheries staff for sampling and recovering tags from the Sooes River commercial fishery. A. Gannam analyzed the feed, J. Evered diagnosed the Trichodina infection, C. Busack conducted the ANOVA, and K. Ryding analyzed the growth and K-value differences. We thank A. Blakley and J. Banks for reviewing the manuscript. This study was funded in part by the Hatchery Scientific Review Group through the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1577/A09-007.1 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588YZ UT WOS:000277112000003 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CA Barrows, FT Ulibarri, M Gould, WR AF Caldwell, Colleen A. Barrows, Frederic T. Ulibarri, Manuel Gould, William R. TI Diet Optimization of Juvenile Rio Grande Silvery Minnow SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TROUT; PERFORMANCE; PROTEIN AB Captive propagation of the federally endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus has been identified as essential for the recovery of the species. A starter diet was initially developed for this cyprinid to support rapid growth through the larval stage. The diet, however, was too costly to support the grower phase of the species. A series of trials was conducted to determine whether a grower diet could be developed that would be cost effective while maintaining fish performance. Quadruplicate lots of Rio Grande silvery minnow (approximately 90 d posthatch, 0.39-0.42 g) were fed a reference diet or one of five experimental diets until just before gonadal maturation at two facilities in New Mexico (New Mexico State University [NMSU] and Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center [Dexter]). The diets varied in percent composition of ingredients to account for a range in feed costs. Cyclop-eeze (Argent, Redmond, Washington), krill, liver, and fish meals were present in the reference diet and sequentially altered in the remaining test diets to maintain high protein levels in the diets (57.9-64.9% dry matter). Total weight gains at the end of the 16-week trials were lower than expected (140-200%), with no differences among diets at NMSU. Although total weight gain was less at Dexter (105-150%), there were differences among diets. Specific growth rate was greater at both facilities in fish fed the reference diet and a diet lowest in fish meal (1.82% per day). The highest growth rate occurred across all diets within the first 30 d of both feed trials and then diminished by the end of the trials. There were no detectable differences in critical swimming speed or fat scores in fish fed diets with and without expensive feed ingredients or increasing fish meal. The most consistent growth was observed when fish were fed a diet low in fish meal, and our results clearly identified a less-expensive grower formulation for the production of this imperiled cyprinid. C1 [Caldwell, Colleen A.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Ulibarri, Manuel] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. [Gould, William R.] New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Caldwell, CA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Box 30003,Mail Stop Code 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ccaldwel@nmsu.edu FU Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Act Collaborative Program FX Major funding for the study was provided by the Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Act Collaborative Program, with additional support from the USFWS Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center; USFWS Bozeman Fish Technology Center; U. S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; NMSU College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Agricultural Experiment Station; and NMSU Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology. J. Landye and W. Knight provided technical assistance with the feed trials at NMSU and Dexter. Our research received approval from New Mexico State University, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (T and E Permit TE046517-0), and the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (Permit 3033). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1577/A09-011.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588YZ UT WOS:000277112000008 ER PT J AU Faison, EK Motzkin, G Foster, DR McDonald, JE AF Faison, Edward K. Motzkin, Glenn Foster, David R. McDonald, John E. TI Moose Foraging in the Temperate Forests of Southern New England SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BOREAL FOREST; MASSACHUSETTS; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; IMPACT; SPRUCE; DISTURBANCE; MAMMALS AB Moose have recently re-colonized the temperate forests of southern New England, raising questions about this herbivore's effect on forest dynamics in the region. We quantified Moose foraging selectivity and intensity on tree species in relation to habitat features in central Massachusetts. Acer rubrum (Red Maple) and Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock) were disproportionately browsed; Pinus strobus (White Pine) was avoided. Foraging intensity correlated positively with elevation, distance to development, and watershed type and negatively with time since forest harvest, explaining 26% of the variation. Moose may interact with forest harvesting to contribute to a decline in Red Maple and Eastern Hemlock and an increase in White Pine in intensively browsed patches. Nonetheless, foraging impacts may diminish over time, as increasing temperatures and sprawling development increasingly restrict suitable Moose habitat. C1 [Faison, Edward K.; Motzkin, Glenn; Foster, David R.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [McDonald, John E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Faison, EK (reprint author), Highstead, POB 1097, Redding, CT USA. EM efaison@highstead.net FU Harvard Forest Long-term Ecological Research Program; National Science Foundation; Anna B. Bliss Fund and Living Diorama Scholarship Fund; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX This paper is a contribution from the Harvard Forest Long-term Ecological Research Program. Funding for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation, the Anna B. Bliss Fund and Living Diorama Scholarship Fund, and the Harvard University Program for Research and Training in Ecology from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Special thanks to Aaron Ellison for statistical assistance. Thanks also to Todd Fuller, Bruce Spencer, Herm Eck, Derek Beard, Thom Kyker-Snowman, Dan Clark, and Bill Woytek for helpful correspondence and to Josh Rapp for field assistance. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 30 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 EI 1938-5307 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1656/045.017.0101 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 584AT UT WOS:000276723100001 ER PT J AU Coles, JF Cuffney, TF McMahon, G Rosiu, CJ AF Coles, James F. Cuffney, Thomas F. McMahon, Gerard Rosiu, Cornell J. TI Judging a Brook by its Cover: The Relation Between Ecological Condition of a Stream and Urban Land Cover in New England SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID URBANIZATION; IMPAIRMENT; INTENSITY; FRAMEWORK; GRADIENT; QUALITY; ROADS AB The US Geological Survey conducted an urban land-use study in the New England Coastal Basins (NECB) area during 2001 to determine how urbanization relates to changes in the ecological condition of streams. Thirty sites were selected that differed in their level of watershed development (low to high). An urban intensity value was calculated for each site from 24 landscape variables. Together, these 30 values reppresented a gradient of urban intensity. Among various biological, chemical, and physical factors surveyed at each site, benthic invertebrate assemblages were sampled from stream riffles and also from multiple habitats along the length of the sampling reach. We use some of the NECB data to derive a four-variable urban-intensity index (NECB-UII), where each variable represents a distinct component of urbanization: increasing human presence, expanding infrastructure, landscape development, and riparian vegetation loss. Using the NECB-UII as a characterization of urbanization, we describe how landscape fragmentation occurs with urbanization and how changes in the invertebrate assemblages, represented by metrics of ecological condition, are related to urbanization. Metrics with a strong linear response included EPT taxa richness, percentage richness of non-insect taxa, and pollution-tolerance values. Additionally, we describe how these relations can help in estimating the expected condition of a stream for its level of urbanization, thereby establishing a baseline for evaluating possible affects from specific point-source stressors. C1 [Coles, James F.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Cuffney, Thomas F.; McMahon, Gerard] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Rosiu, Cornell J.] US EPA, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Coles, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 331 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM JColes@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 18 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 29 EP 48 DI 10.1656/045.017.0103 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 584AT UT WOS:000276723100003 ER PT J AU Chambers, SM AF Chambers, Steven M. TI A Perspective on the Genetic Composition of Eastern Coyotes SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Way et al. (2010) define a "coywolf" population in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada that originated through hybridization between Canis lycaon (Eastern Wolf) and Canis latrans (Coyote), but they maintain that it is now genetically uniform and only minimally influenced by either parental species. An alternative interpretation of available data is that this northeastern Coyote population is genetically diverse, substantially more Coyote than Eastern Wolf in its genetic composition, and part of a larger population of Coyotes that interbreeds with a hybrid Coyote/Eastern Wolf population in southern Ontario and western Coyotes in western New York and Pennsylvania. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Chambers, SM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Ecol Serv, POB 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. EM steve_chambers@fws.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 32 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1656/045.017.0203 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V22RH UT WOS:000208291800003 ER PT J AU Loukmas, JJ Mayack, DT Richmond, ME AF Loukmas, Jefferey J. Mayack, David T. Richmond, Milo E. TI Giant Kidney Worms in Mink from New York: Prevalence, Distribution, and Health Implications SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We examined 612 wild Neovison Vison (Mink) carcasses collected during 1998-2002 from New York State for presence of Dioctophyme renale (Giant Kidney Worm). Twenty-three Mink (15 males and 8 females) contained the parasite in the right kidney. The percentage of infected Mink (3.8%) was considerably lower than was found in Ontario (48%) and Minnesota (27%), but higher than in Manitoba (1%) and North Dakota (<1%). We found a clustered distribution of Giant Kidney Worms in Mink; all infections were located in the northern and central areas of the state and were restricted to a few physiographic and hydrological regions. Left kidneys were enlarged in parasitized Mink, but other condition measures (body and omentum weights, body weight:length ratio, and hepatic metal concentrations) did not differ between infected and non-infected animals when adjusted for gender, age, and capture location. This assessment indicated that Giant Kidney Worms have a minimal impact on Mink health; however, it should be viewed with caution because animals severely affected by infection may have been less susceptible to trapping. Future research should focus on the impact of infections on long-term health and mortality of Mink and the ecological requirements of Giant Kidney Worms and hosts to understand why infections are clustered in certain areas. C1 [Loukmas, Jefferey J.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. [Mayack, David T.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Hale Creek Field Stn, Gloversville, NY 12078 USA. [Richmond, Milo E.] Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS BRD, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Loukmas, JJ (reprint author), New York State Dept Environm Conservat, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY 12233 USA. EM jjloukma@gw.dec.state.ny.us FU Hudson River Estuary Program; New York Natural Resources Damage Assessment Fund; Federal Aid for the Restoration of Wildlife to New York State [WE-173-G] FX This project was supported by the Hudson River Estuary Program, the New York Natural Resources Damage Assessment Fund and Federal Aid for the Restoration of Wildlife to New York State, Project WE-173-G. We thank the Mink trappers of New York State who contributed to our study, especially members of the Adirondack Foothills Trapping Club and the Dutchess County Trapping Club. L. Capodagli made important contributions with Mink collections and necropsies. Laboratory assistance was provided by K.C. Geesler and K.L. Hellijas. C.J. Balk provided considerable assistance with Mink carcass acquisition. We thank F. DeSantis, Jr. and S. Fonda for contributing to data management and A. Lorefice for assisting in the production of Figures 1 and 2. We also thank the staff at Matson's Laboratory for conducting Mink age analyses and the staff at Frontier Geosciences, Inc. and A. Gudlewski and B. Buanno of NYS DEC for metals analysis. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1656/045.017.0204 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V22RH UT WOS:000208291800004 ER PT J AU Hafs, AW Horn, CD Mazik, PM Hartman, KJ AF Hafs, Andrew W. Horn, Christopher D. Mazik, Patricia M. Hartman, Kyle J. TI Influences of Acid Mine Drainage and Thermal Enrichment on Stream Fish Reproduction and Larval Survival SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Potential effects of acid mine drainage (AM D) and thermal enrichment on the reproduction of fishes were investigated through a larval-trapping survey in the Stony River watershed, Grant County, WV. Trapping was conducted at seven sites from 26 March to 2 July 2004. Overall larval catch was low (379 individuals in 220 hours of trapping). More larval White Suckers were captured than all other species. Vectors fitted to nonparametric multidimensional scaling ordinations suggested that temperature was highly correlated to fish communities captured at our sites. Survival of larval Fathead Minnows was examined in situ at six sites from 13 May to 11 June 2004 in the same system. Larval survival was lower, but not significantly different between sites directly downstream of AMD-impacted tributaries (40% survival) and non-AMD sites (52% survival). The lower survival was caused by a significant mortality event at one site that coincided with acute pH depression in an AMD tributary immediately upstream of the site. Results from a Cox proportional hazard test suggests that low pH is having a significant negative influence on larval fish survival in this system. The results from this research indicate that the combination of low pH events and elevated temperature are negatively influencing the larval fish populations of the Stony River watershed. Management actions that address these problems would have the potential to substantially increase both reproduction rates and larval survival, therefore greatly enhancing the fishery. C1 [Hafs, Andrew W.; Hartman, Kyle J.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Horn, Christopher D.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Thompson Falls, MT 59873 USA. [Mazik, Patricia M.] US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, WVU, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hafs, AW (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM ahafs@mix.wvu.edu FU Dominion Environmental, Richmond, VA; US Geological Survey FX Thanks go to Cara Hoar and Brandon Keplinger for assistance in planning, field, and lab work. Thanks go to George Merovich for review of statistical procedures. Also, thanks to the Dominion biologist crew for cooperation in all phases of this investigation. Funding was provided by Dominion Environmental, Richmond, VA and the US Geological Survey. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 575 EP 592 DI 10.1656/045.017.0405 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V22RJ UT WOS:000208292000005 ER PT J AU Warner, JC Armstrong, B He, RY Zambon, JB AF Warner, John C. Armstrong, Brandy He, Ruoying Zambon, Joseph B. TI Development of a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) Modeling System SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Coupled models; ROMS; SWAN; WRF; Sediment transport ID SURFACE; SIMULATIONS; VALIDATION; PREDICTION; FLUXES; BAY AB Understanding the processes responsible for coastal change is important for managing our coastal resources, both natural and economic. The current scientific understanding of coastal sediment transport and geology suggests that examining coastal processes at regional scales can lead to significant insight into how the coastal zone evolves. To better identify the significant processes affecting our coastlines and how those processes create coastal change we developed a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) Modeling System, which is comprised of the Model Coupling Toolkit to exchange data fields between the ocean model ROMS, the atmosphere model WRF, the wave model SWAN, and the sediment capabilities of the Community Sediment Transport Model. This formulation builds upon previous developments by coupling the atmospheric model to the ocean and wave models, providing one-way grid refinement in the ocean model, one-way grid refinement in the wave model, and coupling on refined levels. Herein we describe the modeling components and the data fields exchanged. The modeling system is used to identify model sensitivity by exchanging prognostic variable fields between different model components during an application to simulate Hurricane Isabel during September 2003. Results identify that hurricane intensity is extremely sensitive to sea surface temperature. Intensity is reduced when coupled to the ocean model although the coupling provides a more realistic simulation of the sea surface temperature. Coupling of the ocean to the atmosphere also results in decreased boundary layer stress and coupling of the waves to the atmosphere results in increased bottom stress. Wave results are sensitive to both ocean and atmospheric coupling due to wave-current interactions with the ocean and wave growth from the atmosphere wind stress. Sediment resuspension at regional scale during the hurricane is controlled by shelf width and wave propagation during hurricane approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Warner, John C.; Armstrong, Brandy] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [He, Ruoying; Zambon, Joseph B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Warner, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcwarner@usgs.gov FU USGS FX The symbols used for some of the diagrams are courtesy of the Integration and Application Network (ian.umces.edu/symbols), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Funding is in part from the USGS Carolinas Coastal Change Processes Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 7 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 35 IS 3 BP 230 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.07.010 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 670VK UT WOS:000283455200009 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Sherwood, CR AF Ganju, Neil K. Sherwood, Christopher R. TI Effect of roughness formulation on the performance of a coupled wave, hydrodynamic, and sediment transport model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Sediment transport; Roughness; Bottom-boundary layer; Model skill ID RIPPLED SCOUR DEPRESSIONS; BED ROUGHNESS; DRIVEN CIRCULATION; IRISH SEA; BOTTOM; SHELF; MASSACHUSETTS; CALIFORNIA; FRICTION; SURFACE AB A variety of algorithms are available for parameterizing the hydrodynamic bottom roughness associated with grain size, saltation, bedforms, and wave-current interaction in coastal ocean models. These parameterizations give rise to spatially and temporally variable bottom-drag coefficients that ostensibly provide better representations of physical processes than uniform and constant coefficients. However, few studies have been performed to determine whether improved representation of these variable bottom roughness components translates into measurable improvements in model skill. We test the hypothesis that improved representation of variable bottom roughness improves performance with respect to near-bed circulation, bottom stresses, or turbulence dissipation. The inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, is the site of sorted grain-size features which exhibit sharp alongshore variations in grain size and ripple geometry over gentle bathymetric relief; this area provides a suitable testing ground for roughness parameterizations. We first establish the skill of a nested regional model for currents, waves, stresses, and turbulent quantities using a uniform and constant roughness; we then gauge model skill with various parameterization of roughness, which account for the influence of the wave-boundary layer, grain size, saltation, and rippled bedforms. We find that commonly used representations of ripple-induced roughness, when combined with a wave-current interaction routine, do not significantly improve skill for circulation, and significantly decrease skill with respect to stresses and turbulence dissipation. Ripple orientation with respect to dominant currents and ripple shape may be responsible for complicating a straightforward estimate of the roughness contribution from ripples. In addition, sediment-induced stratification may be responsible for lower stresses than predicted by the wave-current interaction model. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ganju, Neil K.; Sherwood, Christopher R.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 FU Office of Naval Research Ripples DRI; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX Funding was provided through the Office of Naval Research Ripples DRI and U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank T. Herbers, J. Trowbridge, P. Traykovski, S. Lentz, J. Warner, J. Wilkin, R. He, R. Signell, B. Armstrong and M. Arsenault for assistance with data and modeling. We also thank N. Plant, X. Bertin and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Guillaume Maze provided the Taylor diagram plotting code. Use of firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This paper is dedicated to Bela Marie and Rohan Kamal Ganju. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2010 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.03.003 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 599PC UT WOS:000277924600007 ER PT S AU Foote, KG Martini, MA AF Foote, Kenneth G. Martini, Marinna A. GP IEEE TI Standard-target Calibration of an Acoustic Backscatter System SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES ID COPPER SPHERES; EQUATION; SHELF; WATER; SIZE AB The standard-target method used to calibrate scientific echo sounders and other scientific sonars by a single, solid elastic sphere is being adapted to acoustic backscatter (ABS) systems. Its first application, to the AQUAscat 1000, is described. The on-axis sensitivity and directional properties of transducer beams at three operating frequencies, nominally 1, 2.5, and 4 MHz, have been determined using a 10-mm-diameter sphere of tungsten carbide with 6% cobalt binder. Preliminary results are reported for the 1-MHz transducer. Their application to measurements of suspended sediment made in situ with the same device is described. This will enable the data to be expressed directly in physical units of volume backscattering. C1 [Foote, Kenneth G.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Martini, Marinna A.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Foote, KG (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100140 ER PT S AU Martini, MA Foote, KG AF Martini, M. A. Foote, Kenneth G. GP IEEE TI Measurements of Echo Stability of an Acoustic Backscatter System SO OCEANS 2010 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Washington State Conference and Trade Center (WSCTC) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Marine Technol, OES AB Acoustic backscatter from acoustic profiling instrumentation is commonly used as a proxy for suspended sediment concentrations. Past calibration procedures have used suspended beads or natural sediment to relate system output to sediment concentration. A new approach seeks to separate the instrumentation system constant from parameters that are dependent on the particles in the water column. Protocols are being developed for the standard-target calibration of an acoustic backscatter system (ABSS). These were initially applied to the Aquatec Acoustic Backscatter System, model AQUAscat 1000, with three transducers at the nominal operating frequencies of 1, 2.5, and 4 MHz. The standard target was a 10-mm-diameter sphere of tungsten carbide with 6% cobalt binder. In addition to measurements of sensitivity and angular response, the operating stability of the system was gauged over four successive nights, with total data collection periods between 16 and 20 hours. Pinging was performed at a constant 64-Hz rate for either 1200 or 1800 s during each hour. The nominal pulse duration was 6.7 mu s at each frequency. Each series of 64 echo signals was averaged to form an average echo profile. A total of 1200 or 1800 echo profiles were stored during each hour. The resulting echo data have been processed by integrating the squared echo amplitudes in each profile over range intervals containing the target and over adjacent range intervals without the target, allowing an analysis of both signal and noise. Resulting energy-based measures of signal and noise are presented as time series together with their basic statistics. Enough data were collected to demonstrate that signal to noise ratios are high enough and the standard deviation of measurements recorded over several hours stable enough to allow a rigorous standard target calibration of this instrument in a test tank 3x4x4 m in dimension. C1 [Martini, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Foote, Kenneth G.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Martini, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We would like to thank the people who administer and work in the Coastal Research Laboratory at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution who allowed us use of the tank. T.R. Hammar and F. Elder are thanked for their speedy construction of the target and transducer suspension apparatus.This work was supported by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. Use of firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4333-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2010 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Engineering; Oceanography GA BTO61 UT WOS:000287539100141 ER PT J AU Klett, TR Wandrey, CJ Pitman, JK AF Klett, T. R. Wandrey, C. J. Pitman, J. K. BE Vining, BA Pickering, SC TI Assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources of the north and east margins of the Siberian craton north of the Arctic Circle SO PETROLEUM GEOLOGY: FROM MATURE BASINS TO NEW FRONTIERS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH PETROLEUM GEOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Petroleum Geology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Petroleum Geology Conference (PGC) CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL London, ENGLAND SP BG Grp, BGS, BP, Centrica Energy, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Hardy Oil & Gas Plc, Hess, Maersk, MND Explorat & Prod, Nexen, Petro-Canada, PA Resources, Schlumberger, Serica Energy, Sonangol Gas Nat, StatoilHydro, Venture Prod Plc DE Siberian craton; undiscovered petroleum resources; geological analogues; assessment methodology AB The Siberian craton consists of crystalline rocks and superimposed Precambrian sedimentary rocks deposited in rift basins. Palaeozoic rocks, mainly carbonates, were deposited along the margins of the craton to form an outwardly younger concentric pattern that underlies an outward-thickening Mesozoic sedimentary section. The north and east margins of the Siberian craton subsequently became foreland basins created by compressional deformation during collision with other tectonic plates. The Tunguska Basin developed as a Palaeozoic rift/sag basin over Proterozoic rifts. The geological provinces along the north and east margins of the Siberian craton are immature with respect to exploration, so exploration-history analysis alone cannot be used for assessing undiscovered petroleum resources. Therefore, other areas from around the world having greater petroleum exploration maturity and similar geological characteristics, and which have been previously assessed, were used as analogues to aid in this assessment. The analogues included those of foreland basins and rift/sag basins that were later subjected to compression. The US Geological Survey estimated the mean undiscovered, technically recoverable conventional petroleum resources to be c. 28 billion barrels of oil equivalent, including c. 8 billion barrels of crude oil, 103 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 3 billion barrels of natural gas liquids. C1 [Klett, T. R.; Wandrey, C. J.; Pitman, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Klett, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tklett@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-86239-298-4 J9 PETROL GEOL CONF P PY 2010 BP 621 EP 631 DI 10.1144/0070621 PG 11 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BB6YZ UT WOS:000345155100042 ER PT J AU Collett, TS AF Collett, T. S. BE Vining, BA Pickering, SC TI Resource potential of gas hydrates: recent contributions from international research and development projects SO PETROLEUM GEOLOGY: FROM MATURE BASINS TO NEW FRONTIERS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH PETROLEUM GEOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Petroleum Geology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Petroleum Geology Conference (PGC) CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL London, ENGLAND SP BG Grp, BGS, BP, Centrica Energy, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Hardy Oil & Gas Plc, Hess, Maersk, MND Explorat & Prod, Nexen, Petro-Canada, PA Resources, Schlumberger, Serica Energy, Sonangol Gas Nat, StatoilHydro, Venture Prod Plc DE gas hydrate; natural gas; resources; energy; Alaska; Mackenzie Delta AB It is generally accepted that the amount of gas in the world's gas hydrate accumulations exceeds the volume of known conventional gas resources. Researchers have long speculated that gas hydrates could eventually be a commercial producible energy resource yet technical and economic hurdles have historically made gas hydrate development a distant goal rather than a near-term possibility. This view began to change in recent years with the realization that this unconventional resource could possibly be developed with existing conventional oil and gas production technology. The most significant development has been gas hydrate production testing conducted at the Mallik site in Canada's Mackenzie Delta. The Mallik Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program has yielded the first modern, fully integrated field study and production test of a natural gas hydrate accumulation. More recently, BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. with the US Department of Energy and the US Geological Survey have successfully cored, logged and tested a gas hydrate accumulation on the North Slope of Alaska known as the Mount Elbert Prospect. The Mallik project along with the Mount Elbert effort has for the first time allowed the rational assessment of the production response of a gas hydrate accumulation. In addition to the gas hydrate production tests in Canada and the USA, marine gas hydrate research drilling, coring and logging expeditions launched by the national gas hydrate programmes in Japan, India, China and South Korea have also contributed significantly to our understanding of how gas hydrates occur in nature and have provided a much deeper appreciation of the geological controls on the occurrence of gas hydrates. With an increasing number of highly successful gas hydrate field studies, significant progress has been made in addressing some of the key issues on the formation, occurrence and stability of gas hydrates in nature. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tcollett@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-86239-298-4 J9 PETROL GEOL CONF P PY 2010 BP 1151 EP 1154 DI 10.1144/0071151 PG 4 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BB6YZ UT WOS:000345155100083 ER PT J AU De Cola, L AF De Cola, Lee TI A Network Representation of Raster Land-Cover Patches SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; MID-ATLANTIC; CONSERVATION; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS; OBJECTS; BIRDS; LIFE AB Network models, based on mathematical graph theory, are used in many fields, from chemistry and biology to ecology and sociology. A nominal-valued land-cover roster can be represented as a network in which patches are nodes connected by links if two patches are adjacent. Built with existing GIS technology, the system is applied to the largest patches of a raster for the Washington, D.C. area in order to provide a data structure that visualizes the gross spatial structure of the roster; provides information about the overall arrangement of the patches and their adjacencies; and generates new metrics about land-cover patterns, connectivity and spatial autocorrelation. The system facilitates the evaluation of land-cover classifications, the measurement of landscape change, comparisons of data from different regions, and the analysis of land/environmental interactions. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP De Cola, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM ldecola@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 76 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 545YZ UT WOS:000273774600006 ER PT J AU Van de Vijver, B Mataloni, G Stanish, L Spaulding, SA AF Van de Vijver, Bart Mataloni, Gabriela Stanish, Lee Spaulding, Sarah A. TI New and interesting species of the genus Muelleria (Bacillariophyta) from the Antarctic region and South Africa SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID SHETLAND ISLANDS; FRESH-WATER; COMPLEX BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; DECEPTION ISLAND; SP NOV.; DIATOM; BIOGEOGRAPHY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; COMMUNITIES; SELLAPHORA AB During a survey of the terrestrial diatom flora of some sub-Antarctic islands in the southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans and of the Antarctic continent, more than 15 taxa belonging to the genus Muelleria were observed. Nine of these taxa are described as new species using light and scanning electron microscopy. Comments are made on their systematic position and how they are distinguished from other species in the genus. Additionally, two previously unrecognized taxa within the genus were discovered in samples from South Africa. One of these, Muellcria taylorii Van de Vijver & Cocquyt sp. nov., is new to science; the other, Muelleria vandermerwei (Cholnoky) Van de Vijver & Cocquyt nov. comb., had been included in the genus Diploneis. The large number of new Muelleria taxa on the (sub)-Antarctic locations is not surprising. Species in Muelleria occur rarely in collections; in many habitats, it is unusual to Find more than 1-2 valves in any slide preparation. As a result, records are scarce. The practice of "force-fitting" (shochorning) specimens into descriptions from common taxonomic keys (and species drift) results in European species, such as M. gibbula and M. linearis, being applied to Antarctic forms in ecological studies. Finally, the typical terrestrial habitats of soils, mosses and ephemeral water bodies of most of these taxa have been poorly studied in the past. C1 [Van de Vijver, Bart] Natl Bot Garden, Dept Bryophytes & Thallophytes, B-1860 Domein Van Bouchout, Meise, Belgium. [Mataloni, Gabriela] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Cs Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Limnol, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Stanish, Lee] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Spaulding, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado, US Geol Survey, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Van de Vijver, B (reprint author), Natl Bot Garden, Dept Bryophytes & Thallophytes, B-1860 Domein Van Bouchout, Meise, Belgium. EM vandevijver@br.fgov.be FU FWO [G.0533.07]; USGS Fort Collins Science Center FX The authors wish to thank Prof. Dr Louis Beyens and Dr Niek Gremmen for the collection of samples on King George Island, Heard Island and the Prince Edward Islands. Sampling on Crozet and Kerguelen has been made possible thanks to the logistic and Financial support of the French Polar Institute-Paul-Emile Victor in the Framework of the terrestrial program 136 (Ir. Marc Lebouvier & Dr. Yves Frenot). Part of the Study was financed by the FWO project G.0533.07. Mrs Myriam de Haan and Mr Marcel Verhaegen are thanked for their technical assistance with the SEM. Thank YOU to the USGS Fort Collins Science Center for support for S.A. Spaulding for this project. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. Dr David M. Williams and two anonymous referees are thanked for their comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 46 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JAN PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 22 EP 41 DI 10.2216/09-27.1 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 542SU UT WOS:000273516300002 ER PT J AU Baer, DR Grosz, AE Ilton, ES Krupka, KM Liu, J Penn, RL Pepin, A AF Baer, D. R. Grosz, A. E. Ilton, E. S. Krupka, K. M. Liu, J. Penn, R. L. Pepin, A. TI Separation, characterization and initial reaction studies of magnetite particles from Hanford sediments SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere CY SEP 20-25, 2009 CL Kennewick, WA DE Hanford sediment; Natural magnetite; Sorption; Uranium ID REDUCTION; U(VI); SORPTION; SURFACE; CR(VI); PH AB Magnetic and density separation methods have been applied to composite sediment samples from the Hanford formation from sediment recovered during drilling of an uncontaminated borehole located near the 200 West Area of the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. This paper describes the results of using those separation methods and from the characterization and initial reactivity measurements on a highly magnetic fraction isolated from that sediment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the highly magnetic sediment fraction indicates that this material contains predominantly magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)). Particle morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compositions determined energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are consistent with this identification. Analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates that there is a thin coating on the particles that are likely a type of aluminosilicate. This highly magnetic fraction of material is not reactive with indigo carmine, an organic redox probe molecule that was shown to readily react with synthetic magnetite. Because of the limited amounts of material readily available, initial tests have been conducted that demonstrate the ability to complete U(VI) sorption on individual particles (nominally similar to 100 mu m in size) of the isolated sediment and to remove and mount these individual particles for analysis of the concentration and chemical state of the sorbed U species using small area XPS. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baer, D. R.; Ilton, E. S.; Krupka, K. M.; Liu, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Penn, R. L.; Pepin, A.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Grosz, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM don.baer@pnl.gov RI Liu, Juan/D-2273-2013; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; Liu, Juan/G-6035-2016 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2010 VL 35 IS 6-8 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.pce.2010.04.010 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 633VQ UT WOS:000280535300004 ER PT J AU Landa, ER Cohen, BR AF Landa, Edward R. Cohen, Benjamin R. TI Studies from the history of soil science and geology SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Landa, Edward R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cohen, Benjamin R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Sci Technol & Soc, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov; bcohen@virginia.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2010 VL 35 IS 15-18 BP 849 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.pce.2010.10.005 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 704VX UT WOS:000286084800001 ER PT J AU Landa, ER AF Landa, Edward R. TI The ties that bind: Soil surveyor William Edgar Tharp and oceanographic cartographer Marie Tharp SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article DE William Edgar Tharp; Marie Tharp; Soil survey; Oceanography; Cartography AB The link between soil science and geology is personified in the American father and daughter: soil surveyor William Edgar Tharp (1870-1959) and oceanographic cartographer Marie Tharp (1920-2006). From 1904 to 1935, W.E. Tharp mapped soils in 14 states for the US Department of Agriculture, and campaigned during the late 1920s-early 1930s to raise awareness of the high rates of soil erosion from crop-lands. The lifestyle of the federal soil surveyor in the United States during the early 20th century involved frequent household moves, and it played a formative role in Marie Tharp's childhood. Her path to a career in geology was molded by this family experience, by mentors encountered in the classroom, and by social barriers that faced women scientists of that era. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2010 VL 35 IS 15-18 BP 868 EP 880 DI 10.1016/j.pce.2010.06.003 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 704VX UT WOS:000286084800004 ER PT J AU North, GW AF North, Gary W. TI Marie Tharp: The lady who showed us the ocean floors SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article DE Ocean floors; Marie Tharp; Bruce Heezen; William E. Tharp; Heinrich Berann; Mapping AB Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University are best known for creating the first maps of the ocean floors. Bruce sailed the oceans collecting the data and overseeing the projects, but the person who turned the precision depth recordings and other geoscience data into the two-dimensional views of the bottoms was Marie. Meticulously, she sketched the features that comprise the ocean floors, aligned the data according to the orientations of the fracture zones, and identified volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, faults and sea mounts. Marie's discovery of a deep valley centered along the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and her linkage of the major crustal plates for over 64,000 km (40,000 miles) around the Earth, showed us, and thus confirmed, the concept of plate tectonics and crustal movement. How Marie came to her place in history, what she was like, and how her life unfolded are the subjects of this paper. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 US Geol Survey, N Arrow Ltd, Leesburg, VA 20176 USA. RP North, GW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, N Arrow Ltd, 43685 Augusta Natl Terrace, Leesburg, VA 20176 USA. EM northarrow@aol.com RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2010 VL 35 IS 15-18 BP 881 EP 886 DI 10.1016/j.pce.2010.05.007 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 704VX UT WOS:000286084800005 ER PT J AU Feller, C Brossard, M Chen, Y Landa, ER Trichet, J AF Feller, Christian Brossard, Michel Chen, Yona Landa, Edward R. Trichet, Jean TI Selected pioneering works on humus in soils and sediments during the 20th century: A retrospective look from the International Humic Substances Society view SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article DE Humic substances; Soil; Sediment; Organic geochemistry ID ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ORIGIN; PEAT; GEOCHEMISTRY; ASPHALTENES; PETROLEUM; EVOLUTION; PROFILES AB Organic matter in general, and humic substances (HS) in particular, are involved in many processes in soils, sediments, rocks and natural waters. These include rock weathering, plant nutrition, pH buffering, trace metal mobility and toxicity, bioavailability, degradation and transport of hydrophobic organic chemicals, formation of disinfection by-products during water treatment, heterotrophic production in blackwater ecosystems and, more generally, the global carbon cycle. Before the 1970s, natural organic matter of different ecosystem pools (i.e., soils, sediments, and natural waters) was often studied in isolation, although many similarities exist between them. This is particularly so for HS. In this historical context, a need appeared at the international level for bringing together environmental chemists, soil scientists, hydrologists, and geologists who were interested in HS to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas, to standardize analytical procedures and agree on definitions of HS. The International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) was founded in Denver, Colorado (USA) in 1981 with several objectives among them "to bring together scientists in the coal, soil, and water sciences with interests in humic substances" (home page of the IHSS web site: http://ihss.gatech.edu/ihss2/index.html). This paper presents selected pioneering works on humus in soils and sediments during the 20th century with a special focus on the links between the studies of soil HS and the formation, during early diagenesis, of the precursors of kerogens. Temporal coverage includes key contributions preceding the founding of the IHSS, and a brief history of the organization is presented. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Feller, Christian; Brossard, Michel] IRD, SUPAGRO, UMR Eco&Sols 210, F-34060 Montpellier 1, France. [Chen, Yona] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Dept Soil & Water Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Landa, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Trichet, Jean] Univ Orleans, Lab Geol Mat Organ, F-45067 Orleans 2, France. RP Feller, C (reprint author), IRD, SUPAGRO, UMR Eco&Sols 210, 2 Pl Viala, F-34060 Montpellier 1, France. EM christian.feller@ird.fr; yonachen@agri.huji.ac.il; erlanda@usgs.gov; Jean.trichet@univ-orleans.fr NR 78 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 EI 1873-5193 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2010 VL 35 IS 15-18 BP 903 EP 912 DI 10.1016/j.pce.2010.10.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 704VX UT WOS:000286084800008 ER PT J AU Belant, JL Griffith, B Zhang, Y Follmann, EH Adams, LG AF Belant, Jerrold L. Griffith, Brad Zhang, Yingte Follmann, Erich H. Adams, Layne G. TI Population-level resource selection by sympatric brown and American black bears in Alaska SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American black bear; Brown bear; Interspecific competition; Resource selection; Ursus arctos; Ursus americanus; Alaska ID GRIZZLY BEARS; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; HABITAT SELECTION; URSUS-ARCTOS; SALMON; PREDATION; ECOSYSTEM; INFANTICIDE; URSIDS; TESTS AB Distribution theory predicts that for two species living in sympatry, the subordinate species would be constrained from using the most suitable resources (e.g., habitat), resulting in its use of less suitable habitat and spatial segregation between species. We used negative binomial generalized linear mixed models with fixed effects to estimate seasonal population-level resource selection at two spatial resolutions for female brown bears (Ursus arctos) and female American black bears (U. americanus) in southcentral Alaska during May-September 2000. Black bears selected areas occupied by brown bears during spring which may be related to spatially restricted (i.e., restricted to low elevations) but dispersed or patchy availability of food. In contrast, black bears avoided areas occupied by brown bears during summer. Brown bears selected areas near salmon streams during summer, presumably to access spawning salmon. Use of areas with high berry production by black bears during summer appeared in response to avoidance of areas containing brown bears. Berries likely provided black bears a less nutritious, but adequate food source. We suggest that during summer, black bears were displaced by brown bears, which supports distribution theory in that black bears appeared to be partially constrained from areas containing salmon, resulting in their use of areas containing less nutritious forage. Spatial segregation of brown and American black bears apparently occurs when high-quality resources are spatially restricted and alternate resources are available to the subordinate species. This and previous work suggest that individual interactions between species can result in seasonal population-level responses. C1 [Belant, Jerrold L.] Mississippi State Univ, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Griffith, Brad] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Zhang, Yingte] Univ Alaska, Dept Math Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Follmann, Erich H.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Belant, JL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Carnivore Ecol Lab, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jbelant@cfr.msstate.edu FU Denali National Park and Preserve; National Park Service Fee Demonstration Program; National Park Service Challenge Cost Share Program; Canon USA, Inc. through the National Park Foundation FX This study was a cooperative effort involving several agencies including the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Alaska State Parks, National Park Service, US Geological Survey (Biological Resources Discipline), and University of Alaska Fairbanks. We thank K. Stahlnecker for ensuring initiation of this project. D. Bingham, J. Bryant, H. Griese, J. Kellam, J. Larrivee, M. Masteller, P. Owen, D. Porter, E. Shochat, K. Stahlnecker, and K. Wilson provided field and/or office assistance. Pilots J. (S.) Hamilton, J. Larrivee, H. McMahan, M. Meekin, and P. Walters were instrumental in safe and effective capture of study animals. D. Miller conducted the aerial salmon survey. P. Owen provided substantial assistance in all field aspects of this project. K. Kielland and K. Rode provided helpful comments on this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by Denali National Park and Preserve, National Park Service Fee Demonstration Program, National Park Service Challenge Cost Share Program, and donations from Canon USA, Inc. through the National Park Foundation. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s00300-009-0682-6 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522HK UT WOS:000271988300003 ER PT S AU Holland, E Hart, J Cooper, K Borchert, M Frangioso, K Rizzo, DM Meentemeyer, RK AF Holland, Emily Hart, James Cooper, Kevin Borchert, Mark Frangioso, Kerri Rizzo, David M. Meentemeyer, Ross K. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Effects of Sudden Oak Death on Habitat Suitability for the California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) in the Big Sur Ecoregion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Holland, Emily; Meentemeyer, Ross K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Hart, James] US Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington, DC USA. [Cooper, Kevin; Borchert, Mark] USDA Forest Serv, Padres Natl Forest, Ojai, CA 93023 USA. [Frangioso, Kerri; Rizzo, David M.] Univ Calif, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meentemeyer, RK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM rkmeente@uncc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300069 ER PT J AU Naff, RL AF Naff, Richard L. BE Carrera, J SanchezVila, X FernandezGarcia, D Bolster, D TI A CONTROL VOLUME MIXED FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION FOR TRIANGULAR ELEMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES (CMWR 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR) CY JUN 21-24, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE Mixed methods; mixed finite element; control volume; Darcy flow AB A control volume mixed finite element scheme for a triangular discretization of a 2-D domain is presented; several control-volume scenarios for use with the scheme are explored. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Naff, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rlnaff@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-96736-93-1 PY 2010 BP 1154 EP 1161 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Water Resources GA BXU68 UT WOS:000297163600127 ER PT J AU Shen, GJ Fang, YS Bischoff, JL Feng, YX Zhao, JX AF Shen, Guanjun Fang, Yingshan Bischoff, James L. Feng, Yue-xing Zhao, Jian-xin TI Mass spectrometric U-series dating of the Chaoxian hominin site at Yinshan, eastern China SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION AB The fossils of Chaoxian hominin, widely accepted as representing archaic Homo sapiens in eastern China, were recovered from the middle or slightly higher levels of Layer 2 deposits of a collapsed cave at Yinshan, Anhui Province. Results of mass spectrometric U-series dating of intercalated speleothem calcites are presented. Based mainly on four broadly coeval calcite samples, the hominin fossils should be bracketed in the range of 310-360 ka or somewhat older. These ages are much older than the previous estimate at 160-200 ka based on the U-series dating of fossil teeth and bones, and may be cited as supporting evidence for an earlier H. erecrus-archaic H. sapiens interface in China. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Shen, Guanjun] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Fang, Yingshan] Nanjing Museum, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Bischoff, James L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Feng, Yue-xing; Zhao, Jian-xin] Univ Queensland, Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Radiogenic Isotope Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Shen, GJ (reprint author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM gjshen@njnu.edu.cn RI Zhao, Jian-xin/A-5938-2008 OI Zhao, Jian-xin/0000-0002-2413-6178 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40373031]; Leakey Foundation [2005/2006]; ARC [LP0453664] FX This project was jointly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (40373031) and Leakey Foundation (2005/2006 general grant). TIMS U-series analyses were supported by ARC Project LP0453664. We would like to thank the government of Chaohu City for assistance in fieldwork, Drs Wu Liu and Christopher Norton for helpful discussions, the first author's graduate students, Hong Wang, Bin Gao and Li Zhang for assistance in sample collection and preparation, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 211 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.02.020 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 552GR UT WOS:000274277100004 ER PT J AU Jones, KB Hodgins, GWL Etayo-Cadavid, MF Andrus, CFT Sandweiss, DH AF Jones, Kevin B. Hodgins, Gregory W. L. Etayo-Cadavid, Miguel F. Andrus, C. Fred T. Sandweiss, Daniel H. TI CENTURIES OF MARINE RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR AGE VARIATION WITHIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL MESODESMA DONACIUM SHELLS FROM SOUTHERN PERU SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Radiocarbon Conference CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Big Isl, HI ID METABOLIC CARBON CONTRIBUTION; CAL KYR BP; CALIBRATION; AMERICA AB Mollusk shells provide brief (<5 yr per shell) records of past marine conditions, including marine radiocarbon reservoir age (R) and upwelling. We report 21 (14)C ages and R calculations on small (similar to 2 mg) samples from 2 Mesodesma donacium (surf clam) shells. These shells were excavated from a semi-subterranean house floor stratum (14)C dated to 7625 +/- 35 BP at site QJ-280, Quebrada Jaguay, southern Peru. The ranges in marine (14)C ages (and thus R) from the 2 shells are 530 and 170 (14)C yr; R from individual aragonite samples spans 130 +/- 60 to 730 +/- 170 (14)C yr. This intrashell (14)C variability suggests that (14)C dating of small (time-slice much less than I yr) marine samples from a variable-R (i.e. variable-upwelling) environment may introduce centuries of chronometric uncertainty. C1 [Jones, Kevin B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hodgins, Gregory W. L.] NSF Arizona AMS Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Etayo-Cadavid, Miguel F.; Andrus, C. Fred T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Sandweiss, Daniel H.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Dept Anthropol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Jones, KB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kevinjones@usgs.gov RI Jones, Kevin/A-7449-2014 OI Jones, Kevin/0000-0002-6386-2623 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 SI 2 BP 1207 EP 1214 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696JO UT WOS:000285437900036 ER PT J AU Pigati, JS Lifton, NA Jull, AJT Quade, J AF Pigati, Jeffrey S. Lifton, Nathaniel A. Jull, A. J. Timothy Quade, Jay TI A SIMPLIFIED IN SITU COSMOGENIC C-14 EXTRACTION SYSTEM SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Radiocarbon Conference CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Hawaii, HI ID PRODUCTION-RATES; TERRESTRIAL; NUCLIDES; EROSION; ROCKS AB We describe the design, construction, and testing of a new, simplified in situ radiocarbon extraction system at the University of Arizona. Blank levels for the new system are low ((234 +/- 11) x 10(3) atoms (1 sigma; n = 7)) and stable. The precision of a given measurement depends on the concentration of C-14, but is typically <5% for concentrations of 100 x 10(3) atoms g(-1) or more. The new system is relatively small and easy to construct, costs significantly less than the original in situ C-14 extraction system at Arizona, and lends itself to future automation. C1 [Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Lifton, Nathaniel A.; Quade, Jay] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jull, A. J. Timothy] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Arizona NSF AMS Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pigati, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jpigati@usgs.gov RI Lifton, Nathaniel/M-2017-2015 OI Lifton, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6976-3298 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 SI 2 BP 1236 EP 1243 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696JO UT WOS:000285437900040 ER PT J AU Pigati, JS Lifton, NA Jull, AJT Quade, J AF Pigati, Jeffrey S. Lifton, Nathaniel A. Jull, A. J. Timothy Quade, Jay TI EXTRACTION OF IN SITU COSMOGENIC C-14 FROM OLIVINE SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Radiocarbon Conference CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Hawaii, HI ID CL-36 PRODUCTION-RATES; TERRESTRIAL ROCKS; LAKE BONNEVILLE; RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY; GREAT-BASIN; BE-10; HE-3; EROSION; QUARTZ; AL-26 AB Chemical pretreatment and extraction techniques have been developed previously to extract in situ cosmogenic radiocarbon (in situ C-14) from quartz and carbonate. These minerals can be found in most environments on Earth, but are usually absent from mafic terrains. To fill this gap, we conducted numerous experiments aimed at extracting in situ C-14 from olivine ((Fe,Mg)(2)SiO4). We were able to extract a stable and reproducible in situ C-14 component from olivine using stepped heating and a lithium metaborate (LiBO2) flux, following treatment with dilute HNO3 over a variety of experimental conditions. However, measured concentrations for samples from the Tabernacle Hill basalt flow (17.3 +/- 0.3 ka(4)) in central Utah and the McCarty's basalt flow (3.0 +/- 0.2 ka) in western New Mexico were significantly lower than expected based on exposure of olivine in our samples to cosmic rays at each site. The source of the discrepancy is not clear. We speculate that in situ C-14 atoms may not have been released from Mg-rich crystal lattices (the olivine composition at both sites was similar to Fo(65)Fa(35)). Alternatively, a portion of the C-14 atoms released from the olivine grains may have become trapped in synthetic spinel-like minerals that were created in the olivine-flux mixture during the extraction process, or were simply retained in the mixture itself. Regardless, the magnitude of the discrepancy appears to be inversely proportional to the Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio of the olivine separates. If we apply a simple correction factor based on the chemical composition of the separates, then corrected in situ C-14 concentrations are similar to theoretical values at both sites. At this time, we do not know if this agreement is fortuitous or real. Future research should include measurement of in situ C-14 concentrations in olivine from known-age basalt flows with different chemical compositions (i.e. more Fe-rich) to determine if this correction is robust for all olivine-bearing rocks. C1 [Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Lifton, Nathaniel A.; Quade, Jay] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jull, A. J. Timothy] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Arizona NSF AMS Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pigati, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jpigati@usgs.gov RI Lifton, Nathaniel/M-2017-2015 OI Lifton, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6976-3298 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 SI 2 BP 1244 EP 1260 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696JO UT WOS:000285437900041 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Wylie, BK Ji, L Gilmanov, TG Tieszen, LL AF Zhang, Li Wylie, Bruce K. Ji, Lei Gilmanov, Tagir G. Tieszen, Larry L. TI Climate-Driven Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem Exchange in the Northern Great Plains Grasslands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE drought; flux tower; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); piecewise regression tree ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LIGHT-RESPONSE PARAMETERS; CO2 EXCHANGE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; TOWER MEASUREMENTS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; DRY YEAR AB The Northern Great Plains grasslands respond differently under various climatic conditions; however, there have been no detailed studies investigating the interannual variability in carbon exchange across the entire Northern Great Plains grassland ecosystem. We developed a piecewise regression model to integrate flux tower data with remotely sensed data and mapped the 8-d and 500-m net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for the years from 2000 to 2006. We studied the interannual variability of NEE, characterized the interannual NEE difference in climatically different years, and identified the drought impact on NEE. The results showed that NEE was highly variable in space and time across the 7 yr. Specifically, NEE was consistently low (-35 to 32 g C . m(-2).yr(-1)) with an average annual NEE of -2 +/- 24 g C . m(-2).yr(-1) and a cumulative flux of -15 g C . m(-2). The Northern Great Plains grassland was a weak source for carbon during 2000-2006 because of frequent droughts, which strongly affected the carbon balance, especially in the Western High Plains and Northwestern Great Plains. Comparison of the NEE map with a drought monitor map confirmed a substantial correlation between drought and carbon dynamics. If drought severity or frequency increases in the future, the Northern Great Plains grasslands may become an even greater carbon source. C1 [Zhang, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wylie, Bruce K.; Ji, Lei; Tieszen, Larry L.] USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Ji, Lei] ASRC Res & Technol Solut, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, POB 9718,20A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM lizhang@ceode.ac.cn RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 FU USGS FX Research was funded by the USGS Earth Surface Dynamics, Land Remote Sensing, and Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Programs. NR 50 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 28 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.2111/08-232.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550FC UT WOS:000274112700004 ER PT J AU Thenkabail, PS Hanjra, MA Dheeravath, V Gumma, M AF Thenkabail, Prasad S. Hanjra, Munir A. Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu Gumma, Muralikrishna TI A Holistic View of Global Croplands and Their Water Use for Ensuring Global Food Security in the 21st Century through Advanced Remote Sensing and Non-remote Sensing Approaches SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE croplands; remote sensing; water use; virtual water; food security; water productivity AB This paper presents an exhaustive review of global croplands and their water use, for the end of last millennium, mapped using remote sensing and non-remote sensing approaches by world's leading researchers on the subject. A comparison at country scale of global cropland area estimated by these studies had a high R-2-value of 0.89-0.94. The global cropland area estimates amongst different studies are quite close and range between 1.47-1.53 billion hectares. However, significant uncertainties exist in determining irrigated areas which, globally, consume nearly 80% of all human water use. The estimates show that the total water use by global croplands varies between 6,685 to 7,500 km(3) yr(-1) and of this around 4,586 km(3) yr(-1) is by rainfed croplands (green water use) and the rest by irrigated croplands (blue water use). Irrigated areas use about 2,099 km(3) yr(-1) (1,180 km(3) yr(-1) of blue water and the rest from rain that falls over irrigated croplands). However, 1.6 to 2.5 times the blue water required by irrigated croplands is actually withdrawn from reservoirs or pumping of ground water, suggesting an irrigation efficiency of only between 40-62 percent. The weaknesses, trends, and future directions to precisely estimate the global croplands are examined. Finally, the paper links global croplands and their water use to a paradigm for ensuring future food security. C1 [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hanjra, Munir A.] Charles Stuart Univ, Int Ctr Water Food Secur, Bathurst, NSW 2678, Australia. [Dheeravath, Venkateswarlu] WFP, United Nations Joint Logist Ctr, Juba, South Sudan, Sudan. [Gumma, Muralikrishna] Int Water Management Inst, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Thenkabail, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM pthenkabail@usgs.gov; mahanjra@hotmail.com; Venkat.dheeravath@wfp.org; m.gumma@cgiar.org NR 132 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 28 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 211 EP 261 DI 10.3390/rs2010211 PG 51 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HI UT WOS:000208401100010 ER PT J AU Roy, DP Ju, JC Mbow, C Frost, P Loveland, T AF Roy, David P. Ju, Junchang Mbow, Cheikh Frost, Philip Loveland, Tom TI Accessing free Landsat data via the Internet: Africa's challenge SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SOUTHERN AFRICA AB Since January 2008, the US Department of Interior/US Geological Survey has been providing terrain-corrected Landsat data over the Internet for free. This letter reports the size and proportion of the US Landsat archive that is over Africa by each Landsat sensor, discusses the implications of missing data and highlights the current bandwidth constraints on users accessing free Landsat data over the Internet from Africa. C1 [Roy, David P.; Ju, Junchang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Mbow, Cheikh] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Inst Environm Sci, Lab Enseignement & Rech Geomat, Dakar, Senegal. [Frost, Philip] CSIR, Remote Sensing Res Unit, African Adv Inst Informat & Commun Meraka, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Loveland, Tom] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Roy, DP (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM david.roy@sdstate.edu FU NASA [NNX08AL93A] FX This research was funded by NASA grant NNX08AL93A and evolved from discussions at a Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics (GOFC-GOLD) African Landsat data initiative meeting, SD, USA, 23 April to 8 May 2009, supported by the System for Analysis, Research and Training (START) and the USGS and organized by Dr. Olga N. Krankina. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1080/01431160903486693 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 794CC UT WOS:000292872000006 ER PT J AU Miller, SW Budy, P Schmidt, JC AF Miller, Scott W. Budy, Phaedra Schmidt, John C. TI Quantifying Macroinvertebrate Responses to In-Stream Habitat Restoration: Applications of Meta-Analysis to River Restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boulder additions; channel reconfiguration; effectiveness monitoring; in-stream habitat restoration; large woody debris; macroinvertebrates; meta-analysis ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATE; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; ORGANIC-MATTER; RUNNING WATERS; REHABILITATION; COMMUNITIES; CONSERVATION AB The assumption that restoring physical habitat heterogeneity will increase biodiversity underlies many river restoration projects, despite few tests of the hypothesis. With over 6,000 in-stream habitat enhancement projects implemented in the last decade at a cost exceeding $1 billion, there is a clear need to assess the consistency of responses, as well as factors explaining project performance. We adopted an alternative approach to individual case-studies by applying meta-analysis to quantify macroinvertebrate responses to in-stream habitat restoration. Meta-analysis of 24 separate studies showed that increasing habitat heterogeneity had significant, positive effects on macroinvertebrate richness, although density increases were negligible. Large woody debris additions produced the largest and most consistent responses, whereas responses to boulder additions and channel reconfigurations were positive, yet highly variable. Among all strategies, the strength and consistency of macroinvertebrate responses were related to land use or watershed-scale conditions, but appeared independent of project size, stream size, or recovery time. Overall, the low quality and quantity of pre- and post-project monitoring data reduced the robustness of our meta-analysis. Specifically, the scope and strength of conclusions regarding the ubiquity of macroinvertebrate responses to restoration, as well as the identification of variables controlling project performance was limited. More robust applications of meta-analysis to advance the science and practice of river restoration will require implementing rigorous study designs, including pre- and post-project monitoring replicated at both restored and control sites, collection of abiotic and biotic variables at relevant spatiotemporal scales, and increased reporting of monitoring results in peer-reviewed journals and/or regional databases. C1 [Miller, Scott W.; Budy, Phaedra; Schmidt, John C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Intermt Ctr River Rehabil & Restorat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Miller, SW (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Intermt Ctr River Rehabil & Restorat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM scott.miller@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012; Miller, Scott/H-6548-2011 FU Intermountain Center for River Rehabilitation and Restoration FX Funding for this research was provided by the Intermountain Center for River Rehabilitation and Restoration. We thank S. Durham, R. Al-Chokhachy, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, which greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 10 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 8 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00605.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543DV UT WOS:000273551600002 ER PT J AU Bowker, MA Belnap, J Davidson, DW AF Bowker, Matthew A. Belnap, Jayne Davidson, Diane W. TI Microclimate and Propagule Availability are Equally Important for Rehabilitation of Dryland N-Fixing Lichens SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crusts; drylands; ecosystem function; nitrogen fixation ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; COLORADO PLATEAU; GRAND-CANYON; ARID-LANDS; MICROTOPOGRAPHY; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; ORGANISMS; BRYOPHYTE; FIXATION AB In some arid regions, rehabilitation of whole system N-fixation may be strongly facilitated by the recovery of populations of the lichen genus Collema. Identification of the limits to recovery of Collema in apparently suitable habitat should inform selection of rehabilitation techniques. We simultaneously tested the relative importance of three hypothetical limits to Collema recovery: active erosion, resource limitation, and propagule scarcity. We found that in our experimental system, active erosion had no effect on short-term establishment of Collema, whereas propagule addition did enhance recovery and microhabitat (a resource availability gradient) also exerted a strong influence. It is possible that attempts to improve N cycling via re-establishment of Collema might be best served by developing economical means of simulating moister, cooler microhabitats, e.g., sloping soil or creating partial shade, which would favor the establishment of naturally dispersed propagules, rather than introducing propagules. C1 [Bowker, Matthew A.; Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Davidson, Diane W.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Bowker, MA (reprint author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, C Tulipan S-N, E-28933 Mostoles, Madrid, Spain. EM Matthew.Bowker@urjc.es FU USDA NRIGCP [96-35107-3895, 96-35107-3829] FX We thank John Moeny for field and laboratory assistance, and three anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by two USDA NRIGCP awards (Numbers 96-35107-3895 and 96-35107-3829). The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00578.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543DV UT WOS:000273551600004 ER PT J AU Vargas, PV Arismendi, I Lara, G Millar, J Peredo, S AF Vargas, Pamela V. Arismendi, Ivan Lara, Gladys Millar, Javier Peredo, Santiago TI Evidence of microhabitat overlap between juvenile of introduced salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and the native fish Trichomycterus areolatus in the Allipen River, Chile SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA MARINA Y OCEANOGRAFIA LA Spanish DT Article DE Biological invasions; co-occurrence; negative interactions; interactive segregation; temperate ecosystems ID CHINOOK SALMON; PATAGONIA; COLONIZATION; TROUT AB Introduced juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have been found co-occurring with native fishes in the Allipen River, Chile. Due to this co-occurence, the microhabitat use, microhabitat preferences, and overlap between juvenile Chinook salmon and the native catfish, Trichomycterus areolatus, were examined during the summer and fall of 2007-2008. Microhabitat preferences and overlap between juvenile Chinook salmon and the native catfish were determined using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and the Pianka's index. Juvenile Chinook salmon and the native catfish microhabitat preferences varied seasonally showing a high degree of similarity and overlap between the species (higher than 80%). The results suggest the risk of negative interactions and interactive segregation over habitat processes between juvenile Chinook salmon and native catfish. As a consequence, the Chinook salmon invasion may threaten the stability of native catfish populations at Allipen River. C1 [Vargas, Pamela V.; Lara, Gladys; Millar, Javier; Peredo, Santiago] Univ Catolica Temuco, Escuela Ciencias Ambientales, Fac Recursos Nat, Temuco, Chile. [Arismendi, Ivan] Univ Austral Chile, Escuela Grad, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Valdivia, Chile. [Arismendi, Ivan] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Vargas, PV (reprint author), Univ Catolica Temuco, Escuela Ciencias Ambientales, Fac Recursos Nat, Casilla D-15, Temuco, Chile. EM pvargasaraya@gmail.com RI Arismendi, Ivan/B-3144-2010 OI Arismendi, Ivan/0000-0002-8774-9350 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU INST OCEANOLOGIA, UNIV VALPARAISO PI VINA DEL MAR PA CASILLA 13-D, VINA DEL MAR, 00000, CHILE SN 0717-3326 J9 REV BIOL MAR OCEANOG JI Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanogr. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 642EJ UT WOS:000281186300010 ER PT B AU Funk, C Verdin, JP AF Funk, Chris Verdin, James P. BE Gebremichael, M Hossain, F TI Real-Time Decision Support Systems: The Famine Early Warning System Network SO SATELLITE RAINFALL APPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Early warning; Drought; Food security; Climate change; Crop modeling; Hydrology ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; SOUTHERN AFRICA; FOOD SECURITY; MODEL; RAINFALL; CLIMATE; EASTERN; POOR; NDVI AB A multi-institutional partnership, the US Agency for International Development's Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) provides routine monitoring of climatic, agricultural, market, and socioeconomic conditions in over 20 countries. FEWS NET supports and informs disaster relief decisions that impact millions of people and involve billions of dollars. In this chapter, we focus on some of FEWS NET's hydrologic monitoring tools, with a specific emphasis on combining "low frequency" and "high frequency" assessment tools. Low frequency assessment tools, tied to water and food balance estimates, enable us to evaluate and map long-term tendencies in food security. High frequency assessments are supported by agrohydrologic models driven by satellite rainfall estimates, such as the Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI). Focusing on eastern Africa, we suggest that both these high and low frequency approaches are necessary to capture the interaction of slow variations in vulnerability and the relatively rapid onset of climatic shocks. C1 [Funk, Chris; Verdin, James P.] USGS EROS UCSB Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), USGS EROS UCSB Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM funk.cc@gmail.com; verdin@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-2914-0 PY 2010 BP 295 EP 320 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7_17 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7 PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BMM12 UT WOS:000272785900017 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Nowell, LH Gilliom, RJ Nakagaki, N Murray, KR VanAlstyne, C AF Phillips, Patrick J. Nowell, Lisa H. Gilliom, Robert J. Nakagaki, Naomi Murray, Karen R. VanAlstyne, Carolyn TI Composition, distribution, and potential toxicity of organochlorine mixtures in bed sediments of streams SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Organochlorine; Bed sediment; Probable Effect Concentration Quotient; Mixtures ID ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; QUALITY GUIDELINES; PESTICIDE MIXTURES; WATER; INVERTEBRATES; ECOSYSTEMS AB Mixtures of organochlorine compounds have the potential for additive or interactive toxicity to organisms exposed in the stream. This study uses a variety of methods to identify mixtures and a modified concentration-addition approach to estimate their potential toxicity at 845 stream sites across the United States sampled between 1992 and 2001 for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bed sediment. Principal-component (PC) analysis identified five PCs that account for 77% of the total variance in 14 organochlorine compounds in the original dataset. The five PCs represent: (1) chlordane-related compounds and dieldrin; (2) p,p'-DDT and its clegraclates; (3) o,p'-DDT and its clegraclates; (4) the pesticide clegraclates oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide; and (5) PCBs. The PC analysis grouped compounds that have similar chemical structure (such as parent compound and degradate), common origin (in the same technical pesticide mixture), and(or) similar relation of concentrations to land use. For example, the highest concentrations of chlordane compounds and dieldrin occurred at urban sites, reflecting past use of parent pesticides for termite control. Two approaches to characterizing mixtures-PC-based mixtures and unique mixtures-were applied to all 299 samples with a detection of two or more organochlorine compounds. PC-based mixtures are defined by the presence (in the sample) of one or more compounds associated with that PC. Unique mixtures are defined as a specific combination of two or more compounds detected in a sample. regardless of how many other compounds were also detected in that sample. The simplest PC-based mixtures (containing compounds from 1 or 2 PCs) commonly occurred in a variety of land use settings. Complex mixtures (containing compounds from 3 or more PCs) were most common in samples from urban and mixed/urban sites, especially in the Northeast, reflecting high concentrations of multiple chlordane, dieldrin, DDT-related compounds, and(or) PCBs. The most commonly occurring unique mixture (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD) occurred in both simple and complex PC-based mixtures, and at both urban and agricultural sites. Mean Probable Effect Concentration Quotients (PEC-Q) values, which estimate the potential toxicity of organochlorine contaminant mixtures, were highest for complex mixtures. Mean PEC-Q values were highest for urban sites in the Northeast, followed by mixed/urban sites in the Northeast and agricultural sites in cotton growing areas. These results demonstrate that the PEC-Q approach can be used in combination with PC-based and unique mixture analyses to relate potential aquatic toxicity of contaminant mixtures to mixture complexity, land use, and other surrogates for contaminant sources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Phillips, Patrick J.; Murray, Karen R.; VanAlstyne, Carolyn] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Nowell, Lisa H.; Gilliom, Robert J.; Nakagaki, Naomi] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pjphilli@usgs.gov FU USGS NAWQA FX This research was supported by the USGS NAWQA program. The authors thank many people in the USGS whose work contributed to the present study, especially NAWQA Study Unit teams, and also landowners and organizations that provided access to study sites. Pete Van Metre and Dan Calhoun of the USGS provided useful review comments. Any use of trade, firm, or industry names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 3 BP 594 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.052 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537QA UT WOS:000273127000019 PM 19906406 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Miles, AK Eagles-Smith, CA AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Miles, A. Keith Eagles-Smith, Collin A. TI Invertebrate mercury bioaccumulation in permanent, seasonal, and flooded rice wetlands within California's Central Valley SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquatic insects; California Central Valley; Invertebrates; Mercury; Rice production; Wetlands ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; METHYLMERCURY; MANAGEMENT; WATERFOWL; HABITATS; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY; CHICKS; FIELDS; GROWTH AB We examined methylmercury (MeHg) bioavailability in four of the most predominant wetland habitats in California's Central Valley agricultural region during the spring and summer: white rice, wild rice, permanent wetlands, and shallowly-flooded fallow fields. We sampled MeHg and total mercury (THg) concentrations in two aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa at the inlets, centers, and outlets of four replicated wetland habitats (8 wetlands total) during two time periods bounding the rice growing season and corresponding to flood-up and pre-harvest (96 total samples). In general, THg concentrations (mean standard error) in Notonectidae (Notonecta, back swimmers: 1.18 +/- 0.08 mu g g(-1) dry weight [dw]) were higher than in Corixidae (Corisella, water boatmen; 0.89 +/- 0.06 mu g g(-1) dw, MeHg: 0.74 +/- 0.05 mu g g(-1) dw). MeHg concentrations were correlated with THg concentrations in Corixidae (R(2) = 0.80) and 88% of THg was in the MeHg form. Wetland habitat type had an important influence on THg concentrations in aquatic invertebrates, but this effect depended on the sampling time period and taxa. In particular, THg concentrations in Notonectidae, but not Corixidae, were higher in permanent wetlands than in white rice. wild rice, or shallowly-flooded fallow fields. THg concentrations in Notonectidae were higher at the end of the rice growing season than near the time of flood-up, whereas THg concentrations in Corixidae did not differ between time periods. The effect of wetland habitat type was more prevalent near the end of the rice growing season, when Notonectidae THg concentrations were highest in permanent wetlands. Additionally, invertebrate THg concentrations were higher at water outlets than at inlets of wetlands. Our results indicate that although invertebrate THg concentrations increased from the time of flood-up to draw-down of wetlands, temporarily flooded habitats such as white rice, wild rice, and shallowly-flooded fallow fields did not have higher THg or MeHg concentrations in invertebrates than permanent wetlands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Miles, A. Keith; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 FU California State Water Resources Control Board; USGS Western Ecological Research Center FX This research was funded by the California State Water Resources Control Board with additional support from the USGS Western Ecological Research Center. We thank Sarah Stoner-Duncan, Robin Keister, Danika Tsao, Mark Ricca, Erica Caceres, Jill Bluso, Sarah Spring, Cody Massing, Meg Harper, Jessica Mellinger, and Whitney Thornton for field and lab work, and Julie Yee for statistical advice. We also thank Dave Feliz and the staff of the Vic Fazio Yolo Wildlife Area, Jack DeWit and DeWit Farms, Jacob Fleck, Charlie Alpers, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Mark Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Stephenson, Phil Bachand, Gary Gill, and the Yolo Basin Foundation for logistical support. Early versions of the manuscript were reviewed by Mark Ricca, Garth Herring, and two anonymous referees. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 3 BP 666 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.030 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537QA UT WOS:000273127000027 PM 19880160 ER PT S AU Horowitz, AJ AF Horowitz, Arthur J. BE Banasik, K Horowitz, AJ Owens, PN Stone, M Walling, DE TI The use of instrumentally collected-composite samples to estimate the annual fluxes of suspended sediment and sediment-associated chemical constituents SO SEDIMENT DYNAMICS FOR A CHANGING FUTURE SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sediment Dynamics for a Changing Future CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Warsaw Univ Life Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP Hydroprojekt Sp, Minist Agr &Rural Dev, Geomor Technik Sp, AP Instruments, Reg Chamber Construct Engn, Polish Airlines LOT HO Warsaw Univ Life Sci DE autosamplers; storm sampling; suspended sediments; rating curves ID TRACE-ELEMENT; NUTRIENT FLUXES; PROGRAM; GEORGIA; ATLANTA; CITY AB Experience from a long-term water quantity and water quality monitoring network for Atlanta, Georgia, USA, has indicated that many of the problems associated with event based-sampling in small, "flashy" watersheds can be overcome through the use of instrumentally collected (autosamples) flow-weighted composite samples. The benefits of composite samples relative to discrete samples include: (1) the ability to sample a larger number of events during a year; (2) the collection of substantially larger suspended sediment (SS) masses for more accurate and representative chemical and/or physical analyses; and (3) the capability of using composite sample-derived SS and sediment-associated chemical data in conjunction with such variables as maximum event discharge (QMax) and total event water volume (VolTot) to construct rating curves for estimating the SS and sediment-associated chemical fluxes of unsampled events. C1 US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. EM horowitz@usgs.gov; horowitz@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-10-0 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2010 VL 337 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BCA82 UT WOS:000309505900036 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. TI A Seismological Retrospective of the Brady-Spence Prediction SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PHYSICAL BASIS; SCALE C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1785/gssrl.81.1.113 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 541IN UT WOS:000273408600012 ER PT S AU Chander, G Angal, A Xiong, XX Helder, DL Mishra, N Choi, TY Wu, AS AF Chander, Gyanesh Angal, Amit Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Helder, Dennis L. Mishra, Nischal Choi, Taeyoung (Jason) Wu, Aisheng BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI Preliminary assessment of several parameters to measure and compare usefulness of the CEOS reference pseudo-invariant calibration sites SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIV CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE CEOS; WGCV; IVOS; QA/QC; ETM; NDVI; pseudo-invariant; test sites; metric; calibration; Libya 4; Mauritania 1; Mauritania 2; Algeria 3; Libya 1; Algeria 5 ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; SENSORS; ETM+ AB Test sites are central to any future quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) strategy. The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group for Calibration and Validation (WGCV) Infrared Visible Optical Sensors (IVOS) worked with collaborators around the world to establish a core set of CEOS-endorsed, globally distributed, reference standard test sites (both instrumented and pseudo-invariant) for the post-launch calibration of space-based optical imaging sensors. The pseudo-invariant calibration sites (PICS) have high reflectance and are usually made up of sand dunes with low aerosol loading and practically no vegetation. The goal of this paper is to provide preliminary assessment of "several parameters" than can be used on an operational basis to compare and measure usefulness of reference sites all over the world. The data from Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion sensors over the CEOS PICS were used to perform a preliminary assessment of several parameters, such as usable area, data availability, top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, at-sensor brightness temperature, spatial uniformity, temporal stability, spectral stability, and typical spectrum observed over the sites. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] SGT Inc, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), SGT Inc, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012; Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016 OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8343-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7826 AR 78262L DI 10.1117/12.865166 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ25 UT WOS:000287754800070 ER PT B AU Goldfarb, RJ Groves, DI Kerrich, R Leach, DL AF Goldfarb, Richard J. Groves, David I. Kerrich, Robert Leach, David L. BE Williams, PJ TI Metallogenic Evolution on an Evolving Earth SO SMART SCIENCE FOR EXPLORATION AND MINING, VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial SGA Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 17-20, 2009 CL James Cook Univ, Townsville, AUSTRALIA HO James Cook Univ DE Metallogeny; tectonics; supercontinent; secular variation ID MINERAL-DEPOSITS; TIME; GOLD AB The temporal distribution of mineral deposits reflects their position within the supercontinent cycle and the secular evolution of Earth processes. Mineral deposit formation patterns show a broad association with supercontinent amalgamation or break-up. Superimposed on these patterns is the susceptibility of ores to erosion. Orogenic gold and VMS deposits show episodic patterns correlating with formation of Kenorland, Columbia, Gondwana, and Laurasia. The changing style of plate tectonics on a cooling planet explains a lack of Rodinian Au. Porphyry and epithermal deposits formed in convergent margins, but at shallower crustal levels, thus having a low preservation potential over time. Additional evidence of supercontinent growth is provided in foreland basins by unconformity U on Columbia and MVT deposits on Pangea. Supercontinent break-up is more difficult to define by a consistent ore deposit pattern. SEDEX deposits were associated with intracontinental rifting on Columbia, but younger deposits mainly occur along rifted passive margins. Giant magmatic Ni-Cu ores tend to show a temporal association with plumes and Vaalbara, Columbia, Rodinia, and Pangea rifting or break-up. Secular trends of ore deposits relate to changes in the supercontinent cycle, but there is no specific ore deposit group that can consistently define supercontinent events. C1 [Goldfarb, Richard J.; Leach, David L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Goldfarb, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAMES COOK UNIV PI TOWNSVILLE PA ECONOMIC GEOLOGY RESEARCH UNIT, 101 ANGUS SMITH DR,, TOWNSVILLE, QLD 4811, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9805-5868-5 PY 2010 BP 11 EP 13 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BRL08 UT WOS:000282993400004 ER PT B AU Emsbo, P Williams-Jones, AE Koenig, AE Wilson, SA AF Emsbo, Poul Williams-Jones, A. E. (Willy) Koenig, Alan E. Wilson, Stephen A. BE Williams, PJ TI Petroleum as an Agent of Metal Transport: Metallogenic and Exploration Implications SO SMART SCIENCE FOR EXPLORATION AND MINING, VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial SGA Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 17-20, 2009 CL James Cook Univ, Townsville, AUSTRALIA HO James Cook Univ DE Petroleum; crude oil; metals; Rodeo; China; Nevada; Devonian; Cambrian; gold; sedimentary basin ID AU AB A variety of basin hosted ore deposits are characterized by a distinct metal signature that includes V-Ni-Mo-Au-PGE-U-Hg-Se-As which, in some instances, reach ore-grades. Vastly different, and sometimes contrasting, solubilities of these metals require their transport in multiple aqueous hydrothermal fluids. Residual petroleum, or bitumen, commonly occurs in these deposits and is generally interpreted as chemical/redox interface responsible for ore deposition. Our recent chemical analyses of bitumen in several deposits, chemical analyses of petroleum and bitumen from over mature reservoirs, chemical modeling, hydrous pyrolysis and laboratory solubility experiments have shown that this metal suite is significantly more soluble as organometallic complexes in petroleum than as traditional complexes in aqueous fluids. Moreover, the amount of metal residing in solution in some petroleum reservoirs rivals, and even surpasses, that hosted in known deposits. Together, these observations suggest that petroleum has the capacity to transport and deposit enormous quantities of metal. Recognition that petroleum may be an ore fluid suggests that petroleum system concepts may be important in evaluating the metallogenic and exploration potential of sedimentary basins. C1 [Emsbo, Poul; Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Emsbo, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAMES COOK UNIV PI TOWNSVILLE PA ECONOMIC GEOLOGY RESEARCH UNIT, 101 ANGUS SMITH DR,, TOWNSVILLE, QLD 4811, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9805-5868-5 PY 2010 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BRL08 UT WOS:000282993400033 ER PT B AU Kelley, KD Slack, JF Selby, D Zieg, JA AF Kelley, Karen D. Slack, John F. Selby, David Zieg, Jerry A. BE Williams, PJ TI Geochemistry and Geochronology of Carbonate-hosted Base Metal Deposits in the Southern Brooks Range, Alaska: Temporal Link to VMS Deposits and Metallogenic Implications SO SMART SCIENCE FOR EXPLORATION AND MINING, VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial SGA Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 17-20, 2009 CL James Cook Univ, Townsville, AUSTRALIA HO James Cook Univ DE carbonate-hosted; copper; geochemistry; Re-Os geochronology; southern Brooks Range; Alaska ID CREEK COPPER-DEPOSIT; RUBY CREEK; NORTHERN ALASKA; GEOLOGY; MINERALIZATION; MINERALOGY; PROSPECT; DISTRICT; BORNITE AB The Brooks Range contains enormous accumulations of zinc and copper in volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) and sediment-hosted sulfide deposits. Numerous Cu-Zn (+/- Pb, Ag, Au) VMS deposits occur in the Ambler district (e.g., Arctic deposit). Stratabound Cu-Co deposits at Ruby Creek and Omar are associated with dolomitic breccias. Chalcopyrite and bornite fill open spaces, replace the matrix of the breccias, and form later veins. Other minerals include cobaltiferous pyrite, chalcocite, sphalerite, minor tennantite-tetrahedrite, galena and fluorite, and rare carrollite, renierite, and germanite. The deposits underwent post-depositional metamorphism, but show minimal penetrative deformation. The geochemical signature of ores includes Ag, As, Au, Bi, Co, Cu, Ge, Hg, Sb, U, and Zn with locally high Re (up to 2.7 ppm). New Re-Os abundance and isotopic data for chalcopyrite, bornite, and pyrite from Ruby Creek show extremely high Re abundances (up to 5.1 ppm) and essentially no common Os. They provide the first absolute ages of ore formation for Ruby Creek, and demonstrate that Re-Os systematics can remain robust through greenschist-facies metamorphism. The main phase of Cu mineralization occurred at 384 +/- 4.2 Ma, which coincides with zircon U-Pb ages for igneous rocks that are spatially and temporally associated with VMS deposits. This suggests a temporal link between regional magmatism and hydrothermal mineralization. C1 [Kelley, Karen D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046 MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAMES COOK UNIV PI TOWNSVILLE PA ECONOMIC GEOLOGY RESEARCH UNIT, 101 ANGUS SMITH DR,, TOWNSVILLE, QLD 4811, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9805-5868-5 PY 2010 BP 454 EP 456 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BRL08 UT WOS:000282993400150 ER PT B AU Gettings, ME AF Gettings, Mark E. BE Williams, PJ TI Identification of Concealed Lithologies Using Possibility Theory and Aeromagnetic Data SO SMART SCIENCE FOR EXPLORATION AND MINING, VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Biennial SGA Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits CY AUG 17-20, 2009 CL James Cook Univ, Townsville, AUSTRALIA HO James Cook Univ DE Possibility theory; potential fields; aeromagnetic data interpretation ID POTENTIAL-FIELD AB The utility of possibility theory as a framework for identification of buried lithologies by comparison with the possibility distributions of measures of nearby exposed "candidate terranes" is discussed. The estimates are conservative and automatically include uncertainty in the physical property estimates. Two examples of analysis of the distribution of anomaly amplitudes over covered targets unambiguously identified the targets as intrusive diorite in one case and Tertiary volcanic flows in the other. The theory allows logical combinations of the possibility functions for quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative measures so that many disparate data types can be utilized in the decision process. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Gettings, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAMES COOK UNIV PI TOWNSVILLE PA ECONOMIC GEOLOGY RESEARCH UNIT, 101 ANGUS SMITH DR,, TOWNSVILLE, QLD 4811, AUSTRALIA BN 978-0-9805-5868-5 PY 2010 BP 796 EP 798 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BRL08 UT WOS:000282993400261 ER PT J AU Champ, JG Brooks, JJ AF Champ, Joseph G. Brooks, Jeffrey J. TI The Circuit of Culture: A Strategy for Understanding the Evolving Human Dimensions of Wildland Fire SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE circuit of culture; consumption; cultural studies; identity; production; regulation; representation; wildland fire ID FUELS MANAGEMENT; PROFESSIONALS; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; PERCEPTIONS; DISCOURSE; FORESTRY; TOURISM; HEALTH AB In this conceptual article, the authors explore the possibilities of another approach to examining the human dimensions of wildland fire. They argue that our understanding of this issue could be enhanced by considering a cultural studies construct known as the "circuit of culture." This cross-disciplinary perspective provides increased analytic power by accounting for the meaningful role of 5 cultural processes in terms of their location and interrelation within social experience. The authors compare the circuit of culture approach with a body of recent literature focused on wildland fire. The authors make the case that this research has moved in a positive direction since wildland fire first ignited social scientific interest in the 1980s, but it is still missing key cultural processes. Ultimately, following the circuit allows us to make more nuanced statements about meaning, something much needed in the face of the wicked problem of wildland fire. C1 [Champ, Joseph G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Journalism & Tech Commun, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brooks, Jeffrey J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Conservat Planning & Policy, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Champ, JG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Journalism & Tech Commun, 1785 Campus Delivery,C-215 Clark Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM joseph.champ@colostate.edu NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2010 VL 23 IS 6 BP 573 EP 582 DI 10.1080/08941920802129845 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 601LW UT WOS:000278062000006 ER PT B AU Landa, ER AF Landa, Edward R. BE Landa, ER Feller, C TI In a Supporting Role: Soil and the Cinema SO SOIL AND CULTURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DYNAMICS; OREGON AB 6 C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov; erlanda@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-2959-1 PY 2010 BP 83 EP 105 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2960-7_6 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Art; Environmental Studies SC Agriculture; Art; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BMU29 UT WOS:000273574000007 ER PT J AU Moore, J Macalady, JL Schulz, MS White, AF Brantley, SL AF Moore, Joel Macalady, Jennifer L. Schulz, Marjorie S. White, Art F. Brantley, Susan L. TI Shifting microbial community structure across a marine terrace grassland chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PLFA; Soil profile; Chronosequence; Microbial community structure; Microbial biomass; Decline phase; Grassland ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CONIFEROUS FOREST; DEPTH PROFILES; DYNAMICS; CARBON; PHOSPHORUS; BIOMASS; SURFACE; RESTORATION AB Changes in the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities have the potential to impact ecosystems via interactions with plants and weathering minerals. Previous studies of forested long-term (1000s - 100,000s of years) chronosequences suggest that surface microbial communities change with soil age. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of long-term soil microbial community dynamics, especially for non-forested ecosystems and in subsurface soil horizons. We investigated soil chemistry, aboveground plant productivity, and soil microbial communities across a grassland chronosequence (65,000-226,000 yrs old) located near Santa Cruz, CA. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) initially increased to a maximum and then decreased for the older soils. We used polar lipid fatty acids (PLFA) to investigate microbial communities including both surface (<0.1 m) and subsurface (>= 0.2 m) soil horizons. PLFAs characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria and actinobacteria increased as a fraction of the microbial community with depth while the fungal fraction decreased relative to the surface. Differences among microbial communities from each chronosequence soil were found primarily in the subsurface where older subsurface soils had smaller microbial community biomass, a higher proportion of fungi, and a different community structure than the younger subsurface soil. Subsurface microbial community shifts in biomass and community structure correlated with, and were likely driven by, decreasing soil P availability and Ca concentrations, respectively. Trends in soil chemistry as a function of soil age led to the separation of the biological (<= 1 m depth) and geochemical (>1 m) cycles in the old, slowly eroding landscape we investigated, indicating that this separation, commonly observed in tropical and subtropical ecosystems, can also occur in temperate climates. This study is the first to investigate subsurface microbial communities in a long-term chronosequence. Our results highlight connections between soil chemistry and both the aboveground and belowground parts of an ecosystem. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Joel; Macalady, Jennifer L.; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schulz, Marjorie S.; White, Art F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Moore, Joel; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Moore, J (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM joelmoore@gmail.com RI Moore, Joel/G-7626-2011; OI Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447; Moore, Joel/0000-0002-5546-9610 FU NSF; ChemXSeer; Penn State Geosciences Tait and Ohmoto Fellowships FX We are grateful to Jesse Greenberg and Sarah Pistone for their assistance with lab analyses and to Heidi Albrecht, Aaron Diefendorf, Dan Jones, Pratigya Polissar, and Denny Walizer for assistance with instrumentation and statistical analysis. CC-MS analyses were carried out in Kate Freeman's lab at Penn State University. Two anonymous reviewers provided detailed and helpful comments that resulted in a much improved manuscript. Funding was provided by NSF DGE-Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education, CHE-Center for Environmental Kinetics and ChemXSeer, and Penn State Geosciences Tait and Ohmoto Fellowships. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.09.015 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 533XF UT WOS:000272858300003 ER PT J AU Tang, XY Liu, SG Zhou, GY AF Tang, Xinyi Liu, Shuguang Zhou, Guoyi TI Erosion and Vegetation Restoration Impacts on Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics in South China SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; WATER EROSION; MANAGEMENT; FOREST; MODEL; SEQUESTRATION; PLANTATIONS; GRASSLANDS AB To quantify the consequences of erosion and vegetation restoration on ecosystem C dynamics (a key element in understanding the terrestrial C cycle), field measurements were collected since 1959 at two experimental sites set up on highly disturbed barren land in South China. One site had received vegetation restoration (the restored site) while the other received no planting and remained barren (the barren site). The Erosion-Deposition Carbon Model (EDCM) was used to simulate the ecosystem C dynamics at both sites. The on-site observations in 2007 showed that soil organic C (SOC) storage in the top 80-cm soil layer at the barren site was 50.3 +/- 3.5 Mg C ha(-1), half that of the restored site. The SOC and surface soil loss by erosion at the restored site from 1959 to 2007 was 3.7 Mg C ha(-1) and 2.2 cm, respectively-one-third and one-eighth that of the barren site. The on-site C sequestration in SOC and vegetation at the restored site was 0.67 and 2.5 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, from 1959 to 2007, driven largely by tree growth and high atmospheric N deposition in the study area. Simulated findings suggested that higher N deposition resulted in higher on-site SOC storage in the soil profile (with SOC in the top 20-cm layer increasing more significantly), and higher on-site ecosystem C sequestration as long as N saturation was not reached. Lacking human-induced vegetation recovery, the barren site remained as barren land from 1959 to 2007 and the on-site C decrease was 0.28 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1). Our study clearly indicated that vegetation restoration and burial by soil erosion provide a large potential C sink in terrestrial ecosystems. C1 [Tang, Xinyi; Zhou, Guoyi] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Shuguang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Liu, Shuguang] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Tang, Xinyi] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, GY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM gyzhou@scib.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30725006, 40730102] FX We thank Dr. Zhian Li and Dr. Zuoyue Yu for kind help on field data collection. Mr. Jianxing Huang and colleagues at Xiaoliang Soil and Water Conservation Station of Dianbai County provided assistance in sod sampling and weather station maintenance. This study is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 30725006 and 40730102. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 272 EP 281 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0007 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100030 ER PT J AU Young, SP Grabowski, TB Ely, PC Isely, JJ AF Young, Shawn P. Grabowski, Timothy B. Ely, Patrick C. Isely, J. Jeffery TI First Record of Carpiodes velifer (Highfin Carpsucker) in the Apalachicola River, Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SPAWNING HABITAT; SUCKERS; GEORGIA; FISHES; WATER; USA AB We document the discovery of Highfin Carpsucker in the Apalachicola River, FL. Three specimens were captured between river kilometer 170-171 on the Apalachicola River in the vicinity of Jim Woodruff Lock and Dam during spring 2007. The specimens were captured within a reach 0.5-1.0 km downstream from the dam and just upstream from a major spawning area for several other catostomids. This is the first record of the species east of the Choctaw-hatchee River, FL-AL, and is a range extension of 185 km eastward into the Florida Panhandle region of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Coast. C1 [Isely, J. Jeffery] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Young, Shawn P.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Grabowski, Timothy B.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ely, Patrick C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jisely@clemson.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1656/058.009.0112 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 581IG UT WOS:000276515100012 ER PT J AU Robinson, MS Brylow, SM Tschimmel, M Humm, D Lawrence, SJ Thomas, PC Denevi, BW Bowman-Cisneros, E Zerr, J Ravine, MA Caplinger, MA Ghaemi, FT Schaffner, JA Malin, MC Mahanti, P Bartels, A Anderson, J Tran, TN Eliason, EM McEwen, AS Turtle, E Jolliff, BL Hiesinger, H AF Robinson, M. S. Brylow, S. M. Tschimmel, M. Humm, D. Lawrence, S. J. Thomas, P. C. Denevi, B. W. Bowman-Cisneros, E. Zerr, J. Ravine, M. A. Caplinger, M. A. Ghaemi, F. T. Schaffner, J. A. Malin, M. C. Mahanti, P. Bartels, A. Anderson, J. Tran, T. N. Eliason, E. M. McEwen, A. S. Turtle, E. Jolliff, B. L. Hiesinger, H. TI Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Instrument Overview SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE LRO; LROC; Instrument; Camera; Moon; Lunar; Calibration ID LEONID IMPACT FLASHES; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; OCEANUS PROCELLARUM; SURFACE LAYER; SOUTH-POLE; MOON; THICKNESS; REGION; TERRESTRIAL AB The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and Narrow Angle Cameras (NACs) are on the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The WAC is a 7-color push-frame camera (100 and 400 m/pixel visible and UV, respectively), while the two NACs are monochrome narrow-angle linescan imagers (0.5 m/pixel). The primary mission of LRO is to obtain measurements of the Moon that will enable future lunar human exploration. The overarching goals of the LROC investigation include landing site identification and certification, mapping of permanently polar shadowed and sunlit regions, meter-scale mapping of polar regions, global multispectral imaging, a global morphology base map, characterization of regolith properties, and determination of current impact hazards. C1 [Robinson, M. S.; Tschimmel, M.; Lawrence, S. J.; Denevi, B. W.; Bowman-Cisneros, E.; Mahanti, P.; Tran, T. N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Brylow, S. M.; Zerr, J.; Ravine, M. A.; Caplinger, M. A.; Schaffner, J. A.; Malin, M. C.] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Humm, D.] Space Instrument Calibrat Consulting, Annapolis, MD USA. [Thomas, P. C.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bartels, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Anderson, J.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Branch, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ghaemi, F. T.] Tony Ghaemi Opt Engn, San Diego, CA USA. [Eliason, E. M.; McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Turtle, E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hiesinger, H.] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-4400 Munster, Germany. RP Robinson, MS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM mrobinson@ser.asu.edu RI Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012; Turtle, Elizabeth/K-8673-2012; Humm, David/B-8825-2016 OI Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663; Turtle, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1423-5751; Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X NR 74 TC 238 Z9 246 U1 6 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s11214-010-9634-2 PG 44 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700006 ER PT J AU Paige, DA Foote, MC Greenhagen, BT Schofield, JT Calcutt, S Vasavada, AR Preston, DJ Taylor, FW Allen, CC Snook, KJ Jakosky, BM Murray, BC Soderblom, LA Jau, B Loring, S Bulharowski, J Bowles, NE Thomas, IR Sullivan, MT Avis, C De Jong, EM Hartford, W McCleese, DJ AF Paige, D. A. Foote, M. C. Greenhagen, B. T. Schofield, J. T. Calcutt, S. Vasavada, A. R. Preston, D. J. Taylor, F. W. Allen, C. C. Snook, K. J. Jakosky, B. M. Murray, B. C. Soderblom, L. A. Jau, B. Loring, S. Bulharowski, J. Bowles, N. E. Thomas, I. R. Sullivan, M. T. Avis, C. De Jong, E. M. Hartford, W. McCleese, D. J. TI The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Moon; Lunar; Diviner; Thermal; Radiometer; Mapping; Temperature; Infrared; Mineralogy; Petrology; LRO; Reconnaissance Orbiter ID SURFACE FEATURES; TEMPERATURES; CALIBRATION; ATMOSPHERE; MOON; ICE AB The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will be the first instrument to systematically map the global thermal state of the Moon and its diurnal and seasonal variability. Diviner will measure reflected solar and emitted infrared radiation in nine spectral channels with wavelengths ranging from 0.3 to 400 microns. The resulting measurements will enable characterization of the lunar thermal environment, mapping surface properties such as thermal inertia, rock abundance and silicate mineralogy, and determination of the locations and temperatures of volatile cold traps in the lunar polar regions. C1 [Paige, D. A.; Greenhagen, B. T.; Sullivan, M. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Foote, M. C.; Schofield, J. T.; Vasavada, A. R.; Preston, D. J.; Jau, B.; Loring, S.; Bulharowski, J.; Avis, C.; De Jong, E. M.; Hartford, W.; McCleese, D. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Calcutt, S.; Taylor, F. W.; Bowles, N. E.; Thomas, I. R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Allen, C. C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Snook, K. J.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Jakosky, B. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murray, B. C.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Soderblom, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Paige, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM dap@moon.ucla.edu RI Greenhagen, Benjamin/C-3760-2016; OI Calcutt, Simon/0000-0002-0102-3170 NR 26 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 125 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9529-2 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700007 ER PT B AU Hutchison, V AF Hutchison, Vivian BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Spatial Data Management Through Metadata: Global Concepts, Formats, Tools and Requirements SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hutchison, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE,65th St, Seattle, WA USA. EM vhutchison@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_12 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600012 ER PT B AU Magness, DR Morton, JM Huettmann, F AF Magness, Dawn Robin Morton, John M. Huettmann, Falk BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI How Spatial Information Contributes to the Conservation and Management of Biodiversity SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; MONITORING PROGRAM; RANDOM FORESTS; SURVEY DESIGN; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; INVENTORY; HABITAT; SYSTEMS C1 [Magness, Dawn Robin; Morton, John M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Magness, Dawn Robin; Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Magness, DR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. EM Dawn_Magness@fws.gov; fffh@uaf.edu NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 429 EP 444 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_23 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600023 ER PT J AU Stoll, D AF Stoll, Danielle TI Mid-Piacenzian sea surface temperature record from ODP Site 1115 in the western equatorial Pacific SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PLIOCENE; EVOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; CLIMATE; OCEAN AB Planktic foraminifer assemblages and alkenone unsaturation ratios have been analyzed for the mid-Piacenzian (3.3 to 2.9 Ma) section of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1115B, located in the western equatorial Pacific off the coast of New Guinea. Cold and warm season sea surface temperature (SST) estimates were determined using a modern analog technique. ODP Site 1115 is located just south of the transition between the planktic foraminifer tropical and subtropical faunal provinces and approximates the southern boundary of the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) warm pool. Comparison of the faunal and alkenone SST estimates (presented here) with an existing nannofossil climate proxy shows similar trends. Results of this analysis show increased seasonal variability during the middle of the sampled section (3.22 to 3.10 Ma), suggesting a possible northward migration of both the subtropical faunal province and the southern boundary of the WEP warm pool. C1 [Stoll, Danielle] Alaska Pacific Univ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Stoll, Danielle] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Stoll, D (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM dstoll@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Office of Global Change FX Thank you to those who helped with the work that went in to producing this manuscript. Core samples were provided by the Ocean Drilling Program. Thank you to Tim Herbert for providing Uk37 temperature estimates, and to reviewers Brendan Lutz and Rocio P. Caballero Gill for their comments. Maps were created using Online Map Creation, 1996-2006 Martin Weinelt. This is a product of the PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation, and Synoptic Mapping) Project, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Global Change. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 640TJ UT WOS:000281075000001 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ Gill, RPC AF Dowsett, Harry J. Gill, Rocio P. Caballero TI Pliocene Climate SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ICE CORE; RECORD; PLEISTOCENE; EVOLUTION; ANTARCTICA; PANAMA C1 [Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Gill, Rocio P. Caballero] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 684BJ UT WOS:000284521700001 ER PT J AU Hill, DJ Dolan, AM Haywood, AM Hunter, SJ Stoll, DK AF Hill, Daniel J. Dolan, Aisling M. Haywood, Alan M. Hunter, Stephen J. Stoll, Danielle K. TI Sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Pliocene sea surface temperatures SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; RAFTED DEBRIS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; EARLY PLEISTOCENE; JOINT INVESTIGATIONS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CONTINENTAL ICE; RAFTING HISTORY; EAST GREENLAND AB The history of the GrIS (Greenland Ice Sheet), particularly in warm climates of the pre-Quaternary, is poorly known. IRD (ice-rafted debris) records suggest that the ice sheet has existed, at least transiently, since the Miocene and potentially since as long ago as the Eocene. As melting of the GrIS is a key uncertainty in future predictions of climate and sea-level, understanding its behaviour and role within the climate system during past warm periods could provide important constraints. The Pliocene has been identified as a key period for understanding warmer than modern climates. Detailed micropalaeontological analyses of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (3.264 - 3.025 Ma) have produced a series of SST (sea-surface temperature) reconstructions (PRISM2-AVE, PRISM2-MAX, PRISM2-MIN and PRISM3). Use of these different SSTs within the Hadley Centre GCM (General Circulation Model) and BASISM (British Antarctic Survey Ice Sheet Model), consistently show large reductions of Pliocene Greenland ice volumes compared to modern. The changes in climate introduced by the use of different SST reconstructions do change the predicted ice volumes, mainly through precipitation feedbacks. However, the models show a relatively low sensitivity of modelled Greenland ice volumes to different mid-Piacenzian SST reconstructions, with the largest SST induced changes being 20% of Pliocene ice volume or less than a metre of sea-level rise. C1 [Hill, Daniel J.] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Dolan, Aisling M.; Haywood, Alan M.; Hunter, Stephen J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Stoll, Danielle K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Hill, DJ (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. EM dahi@bgs.ac.uk OI Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Dolan, Aisling/0000-0002-9585-9648 NR 73 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 9 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 111 EP 121 PG 11 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 684BJ UT WOS:000284521700002 ER PT J AU Dowsett, H Robinson, M Haywood, A Salzmann, U Hill, D Sohl, L Chandler, M Williams, M Foley, K Stoll, D AF Dowsett, Harry Robinson, Marci Haywood, Alan Salzmann, Ulrich Hill, Daniel Sohl, Linda Chandler, Mark Williams, Mark Foley, Kevin Stoll, Danielle TI The PRISM3D paleoenvironmental reconstruction SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; PLIOCENE SEA-LEVEL; WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; DRY VALLEYS REGION; MID-PLIOCENE; ICE-SHEET; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AB The Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) paleoenvironmental reconstruction is an internally consistent and comprehensive global synthesis of a past interval of relatively warm and stable climate. It is regularly used in model studies that aim to better understand Pliocene climate, to improve model performance in future climate scenarios, and to distinguish model-dependent climate effects. The PRISM reconstruction is constantly evolving in order to incorporate additional geographic sites and environmental parameters, and is continuously refined by independent research findings. The new PRISM three dimensional (3D) reconstruction differs from previous PRISM reconstructions in that it includes a subsurface ocean temperature reconstruction, integrates geochemical sea surface temperature proxies to supplement the faunal-based temperature estimates, and uses numerical models for the first time to augment fossil data. Here we describe the components of PRISM3D and describe new findings specific to the new reconstruction. Highlights of the new PRISM3D reconstruction include removal of Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes and creation of open waterways in locations where the current bedrock elevation is less than 25m above modem sea level, due lathe removal of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the reduction of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The mid-Piacenzian oceans were characterized by a reduced east-west temperature gradient in the equatorial Pacific, but PRISM3D data do not imply permanent El Nino conditions. The reduced equator-to-pole temperature gradient that characterized previous PRISM reconstructions is supported by significant displacement of vegetation belts toward the poles, is extended into the Arctic Ocean, and is confirmed by multiple proxies in PRISM3D. Arctic warmth coupled with increased dryness suggests the formation of warm and salty paleo North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and a more vigorous thermohaline circulation system that may have provided the enhanced ocean heat transport necessary to move warm surface water to the Arctic. New deep,ocean temperature data also suggests greater warmth and further southward penetration of paleo NADW. C1 [Dowsett, Harry; Robinson, Marci; Foley, Kevin; Stoll, Danielle] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22033 USA. [Haywood, Alan] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Salzmann, Ulrich] Northumbria Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Hill, Daniel; Williams, Mark] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Sohl, Linda; Chandler, Mark] Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Williams, Mark] Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Dowsett, H (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22033 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov RI Williams, Mark/B-7590-2009; OI Williams, Mark/0000-0002-7987-6069; Hill, Daniel/0000-0001-5492-3925; Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU USGS Office of Global Change; Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; UK Natural Environment Research Council; Leverhulme Trust; NSF [ATM-0323516]; NASA/GISS FX This is a product of the USGS PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) Project. HD and MR acknowledge the support of the USGS Office of Global Change and the Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. This work formed part of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) core science programme GEACEP (Greenhouse to Icehouse Evolution of the Antarctic Cryosphere and Palaeoenvironment). DH acknowledges the UK Natural Environment Research Council for a PhD scholarship, and AM acknowledges the Leverhulme Trust for the award of a Phillip Leverhulme Prize. MC and LS acknowledge the NSF Paleoclimate Program, Grant No. ATM-0323516 and the NASA/GISS Climate Modeling Program. The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and its predecessors (DSDP and ODP) provided marine core samples used in this study. NR 112 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 25 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 139 PG 17 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 684BJ UT WOS:000284521700003 ER PT J AU Robinson, MM Dowsett, HJ AF Robinson, Marci M. Dowsett, Harry J. TI ePRISM: A case study in multiple proxy and mixed temporal resolution integration SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; PLIOCENE; PLEISTOCENE; PACIFIC; RECONSTRUCTION; DELTA-O-18; MAGNESIUM; CLIMATE; PART AB As part of the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Project, we present the ePRISM experiment designed I) to provide climate modelers with a reconstruction of an early Pliocene warm period that was warmer than the PRISM interval (similar to 3.3 to 3.0 Ma), yet still similar in many ways to modern conditions and 2) to provide an example of how best to integrate multiple-proxy sea surface temperature (SST) data from time series with varying degrees of temporal resolution and age control as we begin to build the next generation of PRISM, the PRISM4 reconstruction, spanning a constricted time interval. While it is possible to tie individual SST estimates to a single light (warm) oxygen isotope event, we find that the warm peak average of SST estimates over a narrowed time interval is preferential for paleoclimate reconstruction as it allows for the inclusion of more records of multiple paleotemperature proxies. C1 [Robinson, Marci M.; Dowsett, Harry J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Robinson, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mmrobinson@usgs.gov; hdowsett@usgs.gov OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 177 EP 187 PG 11 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 684BJ UT WOS:000284521700006 ER PT J AU Dowsett, HJ Robinson, MM Stoll, DK Foley, KM AF Dowsett, H. J. Robinson, M. M. Stoll, D. K. Foley, K. M. TI Mid-Piacenzian mean annual sea surface temperature analysis for data-model comparisons SO STRATIGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; PLIOCENE; RECONSTRUCTION; MAGNESIUM; CALIBRATION; PLEISTOCENE; OSTRACODA AB Numerical models of the global climate system are the primary tools used to understand and project climate disruptions in the form of future global warming. The Pliocene has been identified as the closest, albeit imperfect, analog to climate conditions expected for the end of this century, making an independent data set of Pliocene conditions necessary for groundtruthing model results. Because most climate model output is produced in the form of mean annual conditions, we present a derivative of the USGS PRISM3 Global Climate Reconstruction which integrates multiple proxies of sea surface temperature (SST) into single surface temperature anomalies. We analyze temperature estimates from faunal and floral assemblage data, Mg/Ca values and alkenone unsaturation indices to arrive at a single mean annual SST anomaly (Pliocene minus modem) best describing each PRISM site, understanding that multiple proxies should not necessarily show concordance. The power of the multiple proxy approach lies within its diversity, as no two proxies measure the same environmental variable. This data set can be used to verify climate model output, to serve as a starting point for model intercomparisons, and for quantifying uncertainty in Pliocene model prediction in perturbed physics ensembles. C1 [Dowsett, H. J.; Robinson, M. M.; Stoll, D. K.; Foley, K. M.] USGS, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Dowsett, HJ (reprint author), USGS, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM hdowsett@usgs.gov OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 FU USGS Office of Global Change Research FX This SST analysis benefitted from conversations with Alan Haywood and Dan Lunt as well as helpful reviews by Chris Bernhardt and James Pope. Alkenone and Mg/Ca paleothermometry were accomplished through collaborations with Tim Herbert (Brown University) and Terry Quinn (University of Texas at Austin). Our research used samples and/or data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). This is a product of the USGS PRISM Project, supported by the USGS Office of Global Change Research. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1547-139X J9 STRATIGRAPHY JI Stratigraphy PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 189 EP 198 PG 10 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 684BJ UT WOS:000284521700007 ER PT S AU Sheridan, MF Patra, AK Dalbey, K Hubbard, B AF Sheridan, Michael F. Patra, Abani K. Dalbey, Keith Hubbard, Bernard BE Groppelli, G ViereckGoette, L TI Probabilistic digital hazard maps for avalanches and massive pyroclastic flows using TITAN2D SO STRATIGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF VOLCANIC AREAS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IRREGULAR 3-DIMENSIONAL TERRAIN; FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; DEBRIS FLOWS; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; VOLCANO; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; MEXICO; COLIMA AB Geologists create volcanic hazard maps using scientific data to portray potential future geological events; the end users are principally public safety officials. Typical maps use a few simple polygons to outline areas of potential inundation or cover by a few categories of flows based on past frequency and size. Uncertainties in data regarding flow characteristics complicate the construction of accurate hazard maps. Generally, there are inadequate exposures of good sections, poorly known extents of units, and imprecise volumes for deposits. Crisis conditions limit the time available for field and laboratory work. Computer models can simulate possible scenarios, but the volumes, styles of emplacement, and source starting locations are poorly known in many cases. The large uncertainty in initial conditions is seldom taken into account in the construction of hazard maps, and these uncertainties are rarely passed on to the end users of the maps. TITAN2D is a computational model for volcanic block-and-ash flows and rock avalanches of various types and scales, and it forms the core of the TITAN toolkit for volcanic hazard analysis, which can integrate high-performance computing, database management, and visualization to a very sophisticated level. TITAN provides a solution to mapping problems by providing a probabilistic calculation of inundation depth that takes into account many of the critical uncertainties. C1 [Sheridan, Michael F.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Patra, Abani K.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Dalbey, Keith] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hubbard, Bernard] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sheridan, MF (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Patra, Abani/F-8262-2016 NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2464-5 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2010 VL 464 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1130/2010.2464(14) PG 11 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTA56 UT WOS:000286214000015 ER PT B AU Simon, TP Altfater, D Tosick, MJ Smith, JR Faatz, W Draper, J Warner, BA Wodrich, C Remek, A Campbell-Allison, J Sparks, DW Clark, F AF Simon, Thomas P. Altfater, Dave Tosick, Michael J. Smith, James R. Faatz, Wayne Draper, Joseph Warner, Beth A. Wodrich, Carl Remek, Anne Campbell-Allison, Jennifer Sparks, Daniel W. Clark, Forest BE Hayes, GD Flores, TS TI ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, RESTORATION, AND MONITORING FOR PERFORMANCE BASED RESULTS IN THE FISH CREEK WATERSHED IN NORTHEASTERN INDIANA AND NORTHWESTERN OHIO, USA SO STREAM RESTORATION: HALTING DISTURBANCES, ASSISTED RECOVERY AND MANAGED RECOVERY SE Environmental Remediation Technologies Regulations and Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMMUNITIES; RIVERS AB The rupture of an oil pipeline on September 15, 1993, spilled over 30,000 gallons of #2 diesel fuel oil into a field that emptied into Fish Creek, Northeastern Indiana, USA and affected the lower seven miles of stream. This spill occurred upstream of the last remaining population of the White Cat's Paw Pearly mussel (Epioblasma obiquata perobliqua), a Federally Endangered mussel species. The action caused the federal and state governments to enter into a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA), which resulted in a $2.5 million settlement. The restoration of Fish Creek began in 1996 with the development of an adaptive management plan that was based on structured decision making. The framing of the restoration strategy enabled a variety of inputs from state, federal, and not-for-profit entities to be involved; however, the implementation of the strategy was done in 1996 by the Natural Resource Trustees. A variety of conventional best management practices were used to protect priority areas designated within the stream. Biological planning and hypothesis based assumptions were developed and monitored using a variety of biological indicators. Monitoring was conducted at 12 locations biannually and included prespill baseline surveys conducted in 1991 and 1992. Restoration of site specific changes were monitored using a watershed scale. Conservation management measures included tree plantings, purchase of conservation easements, creation of shallow water wetlands, and fencing of livestock from the stream. A time series assessment found that monitoring for recovery showed a decreasing biological integrity trend with additional protection and enhancement needed in upper Fish Creek. Mussel assemblage condition is declining in the middle Fish Creek; however, recovery to prespill conditions has been observed for the watershed scale especially in the lower river. Improvement is needed in the upper portions of the watershed and perhaps a two-stage ditch process, which includes a 3:1 bench for high flow relief, may improve habitat condition for aquatic organisms. The two-stage ditch is showing promise as a practice that reduces nutrients in the water column and controls 30% of nitrogen and phosphorus and controls sedimentation and erosion from adjacent bank sloughing. C1 [Simon, Thomas P.; Tosick, Michael J.; Sparks, Daniel W.; Clark, Forest] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Altfater, Dave] Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Div Surface Water, Ecol Assessment Sect, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. [Smith, James R.; Remek, Anne] Indiana Dept Environm Management, NRD Program, OLC OLQ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Faatz, Wayne; Campbell-Allison, Jennifer] Indiana Dept Nat Resources, Div Fish & Wildlife, NRD Program, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Draper, Joseph; Warner, Beth A.] Nature Conservancy, Angola, IN 46703 USA. [Wodrich, Carl] Indiana Dept Nat Resources, Div Land Acquisit, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Simon, TP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 620 S Walker St, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-450-1 J9 ENV REMED TECH REGUL PY 2010 BP 111 EP 147 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BSE61 UT WOS:000284287400004 ER PT B AU Paull, CK Schlining, B Ussler, W Lundsten, E Barry, JP Caress, DW Johnson, JE McGann, M AF Paull, C. K. Schlining, B. Ussler, W., III Lundsten, E. Barry, J. P. Caress, D. W. Johnson, J. E. McGann, M. BE Mosher, DC Shipp, RC Moscardelli, L Chaytor, JD Baxter, CDP Lee, HJ Urgeles, R TI Submarine Mass Transport Within Monterey Canyon: Benthic Disturbance Controls on the Distribution of Chemosynthetic Biological Communities SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY NOV 07-12, 2009 CL Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX HO Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol DE Canyons, turbidites; chemosynthetic biological communities; disturbance fauna ID RECENT TURBIDITE DEPOSITION; COLD-SEEPS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; ASH LAYER; CALIFORNIA; BAY; RECOLONIZATION; FORAMINIFERA; RECOVERY; FLOW AB Documenting mass transport within Monterey Canyon and Fan has been a focus of remotely operated vehicle (ROV) observations, sampling, monitoring, and multibeam mapping studies. These efforts indicate that major mass transport events occur within upper Monterey Canyon (<2 km water depths) with a sub-annual recurrence frequency. However, C-14-stratigraphies indicate that a sand carrying event has not penetrated through lower Monterey Canyon (>2 km water depths) and onto Monterey Fan for 100 years. Simultaneous efforts to document the distribution of benthic taxa observed in the video records from 668 ROV dives conducted by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) provide a uniquely detailed record of the occurrence of chemosynthetic biological communities (CBC). The combined results of these studies provide an understanding of the relationship between disturbance caused by episodic mass wasting events and the distribution of CBC. CBC are common within the canyon's axis below similar to 2.5 km water depth, but have not been found within the canyon's axis at depths shallower than 2 km. Moreover, CBC occur on the canyon walls at essentially any depth, primarily within young (hundreds of years old) slump scars. The distribution of CBC provides evidence about the disturbance history of the seafloor. Major mass transport events will destroy communities that lie in their path. Erosion associated with major mass transport events can create environments to support CBC by exposing methane-bearing strata. This can happen as a result of slumping events on the sidewalls of the canyon or where major gravity flow events have excavated the base of canyon walls. Once fresh strata are exposed, geochemical conditions to support CBC will persist for a few centuries. Because CBC are composed of slow-growing and long-lived organisms, it will take decades for these communities to be established. Their existence indicates that environmental stability has occurred over a similar time scale. C1 [Paull, C. K.; Schlining, B.; Ussler, W., III; Lundsten, E.; Barry, J. P.; Caress, D. W.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Johnson, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McGann, M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. OI Johnson, Joel/0000-0002-5671-7209; Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 FU Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) video archivists, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) pilots FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support. We recognize the enormous efforts of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) video archivists, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) pilots, and ships crew. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3070-2 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2010 VL 28 BP 229 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3071-9_19 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BOW54 UT WOS:000277840800019 ER PT B AU Geist, EL Parsons, T AF Geist, E. L. Parsons, T. BE Mosher, DC Shipp, RC Moscardelli, L Chaytor, JD Baxter, CDP Lee, HJ Urgeles, R TI Estimating the Empirical Probability of Submarine Landslide Occurrence SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY NOV 07-12, 2009 CL Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX HO Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol DE Submarine landslides; age dating; probability ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SAMPLES; HAZARD; STATISTICS; TSUNAMIS; MODEL AB The empirical probability for the occurrence of submarine landslides at a given location can be estimated from age dates of past landslides. In this study, tools developed to estimate earthquake probability from paleoseismic horizons are adapted to estimate submarine landslide probability. In both types of estimates, one has to account for the uncertainty associated with age-dating individual events as well as the open time intervals before and after the observed sequence of landslides. For observed sequences of submarine landslides, we typically only have the age date of the youngest event and possibly of a seismic horizon that lies below the oldest event in a landslide sequence. We use an empirical Bayes analysis based on the Poisson-Gamma conjugate prior model specifically applied to the landslide probability problem. This model assumes that landslide events as imaged in geophysical data are independent and occur in time according to a Poisson distribution characterized by a rate parameter lambda. With this method, we are able to estimate the most likely value of lambda and, importantly, the range of uncertainty in this estimate. Examples considered include landslide sequences observed in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, and in Port Valdez, Alaska. We confirm that given the uncertainties of age dating that landslide complexes can be treated as single events by performing statistical test of age dates representing the main failure episode of the Holocene Storegga landslide complex. C1 [Geist, E. L.; Parsons, T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3070-2 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2010 VL 28 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3071-9_31 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BOW54 UT WOS:000277840800031 ER PT B AU Ryan, HF Lee, HJ Haeussler, PJ Alexander, CR Kayen, RE AF Ryan, H. F. Lee, H. J. Haeussler, P. J. Alexander, C. R. Kayen, R. E. BE Mosher, DC Shipp, RC Moscardelli, L Chaytor, JD Baxter, CDP Lee, HJ Urgeles, R TI Historic and Paleo-Submarine Landslide Deposits Imaged Beneath Port Valdez, Alaska: Implications for Tsunami Generation in a Glacial Fiord SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY NOV 07-12, 2009 CL Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX HO Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol DE Submarine landslide; tsunami; Alaska; earthquake; fiord ID SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION AB During the 1964 M9.2 great Alaskan earthquake, submarine-slope failures resulted in the generation of highly destructive tsunamis at Port Valdez, Alaska. A high-resolution, mini-sparker reflection profiler was used to image debris lobes, which we attribute to slope failures that occurred both during and prior to the 1964 megathrust event. In these reflection profiles, debris lobe deposits are indicated by acoustically opaque units that are separated by undisturbed parallel-layered reflectors. Near-surface debris lobes attributed to the 1964 earthquake include: (1) a debris lobe over 30m thick that emanates from the fiord-head delta in eastern Port Valdez; and (2) debris flow lobes incorporating large, intact blocks up to 40 m high in western Port Valdez, off the Shoup Glacier moraine. In addition to the near-surface debris lobes, we imaged at least five additional debris lobe deposits buried beneath the 1964 deposit. The debris lobe directly beneath the 1964 deposit has a similar thickness and spatial distribution as the 1964 deposit. However, the older, deeper, debris lobes are thinner, less extensive, and separated by thinner sequences of parallel-layered reflectors. Glacier retreat and concomitant build-up of the fiord-head delta combined with longer time intervals between megathrust events may have resulted in more extensive delta failures and thus thicker debris lobes through time. C1 [Ryan, H. F.; Lee, H. J.; Kayen, R. E.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Haeussler, P. J.] US Geolog Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. [Alexander, C. R.] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA USA. RP Ryan, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hryan@usgs.gov OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3070-2 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2010 VL 28 BP 411 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3071-9_34 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BOW54 UT WOS:000277840800034 ER PT B AU Chaytor, JD Twichell, DC Lynett, P Geist, EL AF Chaytor, J. D. Twichell, D. C. Lynett, P. Geist, E. L. BE Mosher, DC Shipp, RC Moscardelli, L Chaytor, JD Baxter, CDP Lee, HJ Urgeles, R TI Distribution and Tsunamigenic Potential of Submarine Landslides in the Gulf of Mexico SO SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences CY NOV 07-12, 2009 CL Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX HO Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol DE Hydrodynamic modeling; bathymetry; canyons; fans; carbonate; salt ID OUTER MISSISSIPPI FAN; SIDE-SCAN SONAR; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; DEPOSITIONAL LOBE; CANYON; ESCARPMENT; FEATURES; SEEPS; FLOW AB The Gulf of Mexico (GUM) is a geologically diverse ocean basin that includes three distinct geologic provinces: a carbonate province, a salt province, and canyon to deep-sea fan province, all of which contain evidence of submarine mass movements. The threat of submarine landslides in the GUM as a generator of near-field damaging tsunamis has not been widely addressed. Submarine landslides in the GUM are considered a potential tsunami hazard because: (1) some dated landslides in the GUM have post-glacial ages and (2) recent seismicity recorded within the GUM. We present a brief review of the distribution and style of submarine landslides that have occurred in the GUM during the Quaternary, followed by preliminary hydrodynamic modeling results of tsunami generation from the East Breaks landslide off Corpus Christie, TX. C1 [Chaytor, J. D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Twichell, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lynett, P.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Geist, E. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chaytor, JD (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jchaytor@whoi.edu RI Lynett, Patrick/A-1458-2011; Lynett, Patrick/B-5932-2014 OI Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405 FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission [N6480] FX This work was funded by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission grant N6480, Physical study of tsunami sources. These findings express the views of the authors and are not necessarily those of the U.S. NRC. This manuscript benefited from reviews by Debbie Hutchinson, Kathy Scanlon, and Matt Hornbach. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3070-2 J9 ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES PY 2010 VL 28 BP 745 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3071-9_60 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Geology SC Engineering; Geology GA BOW54 UT WOS:000277840800060 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, RJ Woodward, C Redman, RS AF Rodriguez, Rusty J. Woodward, Claire Redman, Regina S. BE Seckbach, J Grube, M TI ADAPTATION AND SURVIVAL OF PLANTS IN HIGH STRESS HABITATS VIA FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE CONFERRED STRESS TOLERANCE SO SYMBIOSES AND STRESS: JOINT VENTURES IN BIOLOGY SE Cellular Origin Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PIRIFORMOSPORA-INDICA; ABIOTIC-STRESS; SYMBIOSIS; DROUGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENVIRONMENTS; PLASTICITY; DIVERSITY; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION C1 [Rodriguez, Rusty J.; Woodward, Claire] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. [Rodriguez, Rusty J.; Woodward, Claire; Redman, Regina S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rodriguez, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6505 NE 65th, Seattle, WA USA. EM rjrodriguez@usgs.gov; cjdaw@u.washington.edu; redmanr@u.washington.edu NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-661X BN 978-90-481-9448-3 J9 CELL ORIG LIFE EXTRE JI Cell. Orig. Life Extrem. Habitats Astrobiol. PY 2010 VL 17 BP 463 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9449-0_23 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9449-0 PG 16 WC Biology; Cell Biology; Ecology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BRH21 UT WOS:000282704600023 ER PT S AU Ponomarev, A Lockner, D Stroganova, S Stanchits, S Smirnov, V AF Ponomarev, A. Lockner, D. Stroganova, S. Stanchits, S. Smirnov, V. BE DeRubeis, V Czechowski, Z Teisseyre, R TI Oscillating Load-Induced Acoustic Emission in Laboratory Experiment SO SYNCHRONIZATION AND TRIGGERING: FROM FRACTURE TO EARTHQUAKE PROCESSES - LABORATORY, FIELD ANALYSIS AND THEORIES SE GeoPlanet-Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EARTH TIDES; EARTHQUAKES; FRACTURE AB Spatial and temporal patterns of acoustic emission (AE) were studied. A pre-fractured cylinder of granite was loaded in a triaxial machine at 160 MPa confining pressure until stick-slip events occurred. The experiments were conducted at a constant strain rate of 10(-7) s(-1) that was modulated by small-amplitude sinusoidal oscillations with periods of 175 and 570 seconds. Amplitude of the oscillations was a few percent of the total load and was intended to simulate periodic loading observed in nature (e.g., earth tides or other sources). An ultrasonic acquisition system with 13 piezosensors recorded acoustic emissions that were generated during deformation of the sample. We observed a correlation between AE response and sinusoidal loading. The effect was more pronounced for higher frequency of the modulating force. A time-space spectral analysis for a "point" process was used to investigate details of the periodic AE components. The main result of the study was the correlation of oscillations of acoustic activity synchronized with the applied oscillating load. The intensity of the correlated AE activity was most pronounced in the "aftershock" sequences that followed large-amplitude AE events. We suggest that this is due to the higher strain-sensitivity of the failure area when the sample is in a transient, unstable mode. We also found that the synchronization of AE activity with the oscillating external load nearly disappeared in the period immediately after the stick-slip events and gradually recovered with further loading. C1 [Ponomarev, A.; Stroganova, S.; Smirnov, V.] Russian Acad Sci, Schmidt Inst Phys Earth, Moscow, Russia. [Lockner, D.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Stanchits, S.] GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. [Smirnov, V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. RP Ponomarev, A (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Schmidt Inst Phys Earth, Moscow, Russia. EM avp@ifz.ru NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2190-5193 BN 978-3-642-12299-6 J9 GEOPLANET-EARTH PLAN PY 2010 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12300-9_9 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BRL38 UT WOS:000283022500009 ER PT J AU Bagley, F AF Bagley, Fred BE Tilson, R Nyhus, PJ TI Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Fund SO TIGERS OF THE WORLD: THE SCIENCE, POLITICS, AND CONSERVATION OF PANTHERA TIGRIS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, Arlington, VA USA. RP Bagley, F (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-094751-8 PY 2010 BP 201 EP 203 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1570-8.00014-1 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Veterinary Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Veterinary Sciences GA BES23 UT WOS:000317922600016 ER PT B AU Karanth, KU Nichols, JD AF Karanth, K. Ullas Nichols, James D. BE Tilson, R Nyhus, PJ TI Non-invasive Survey Methods for Assessing Tiger Populations SO TIGERS OF THE WORLD: THE SCIENCE, POLITICS, AND CONSERVATION OF PANTHERA TIGRIS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PANTHERA-TIGRIS; DENSITY ESTIMATORS; CAMERA-TRAP; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE; MODEL; INDIA; VIABILITY; COUNTS; FOREST C1 [Karanth, K. Ullas] Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Ctr Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-094751-8; 978-0-8155-1570-8 PY 2010 BP 241 EP 261 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Veterinary Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Veterinary Sciences GA BES23 UT WOS:000317922600020 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Bunnell, DB Gorman, OT AF Madenjian, Charles P. Bunnell, David B. Gorman, Owen T. TI Ninespine Stickleback Abundance in Lake Michigan Increases after Invasion of Dreissenid Mussels SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FISH COMMUNITY; PUNGITIUS-PUNGITIUS; SCULPIN COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB; SUPERIOR; DYNAMICS; DIET; RECRUITMENT AB Based on data from our annual lakewide bottom trawl survey of Lake Michigan, we determined that density of ninespine sticklebacks Pungitius pungitius increased from an average of 0.234 kg/ha during 1973-1995 to an average of 1.318 kg/ha during 1996-2007. This greater-than-fivefold increase in density coincided with the dreissenid mussel invasion of Lake Michigan. Intervention analysis revealed that ninespine stickleback density in Lake Michigan significantly increased between the two time periods. In contrast, based on data from our annual bottom trawl survey of U. S. waters of Lake Superior, ninespine stickleback density decreased from an average of 0.133 kg/ha during 1978-1999 to an average of only 0.026 kg/ha during 2000-2007. This greater-than-fivefold density decrease, which was found to be significant via intervention analysis, coincided with population recovery for both lean and fat morphotypes of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior. In contrast to Lake Michigan, dreissenid mussels have not invaded Lake Superior on a lakewide basis. Thus, a comparison of these two lakes indicated that the increase in ninespine stickleback abundance in Lake Michigan was most likely attributable to the dreissenid mussel invasion. In addition, based on our correlation analysis, alewives Alosa pseudoharengus did not have an adverse effect on ninespine stickleback abundance in Lake Michigan. Perhaps the recent increase in biomass of green algae Cladophora spp. associated with the dreissenid mussel invasion improved spawning habitat quality for ninespine sticklebacks and led to their stepwise abundance increase in Lake Michigan beginning in 1996. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Gorman, Owen T.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1577/T09-005.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DE UT WOS:000277124800002 ER PT J AU McCargo, JW Peterson, JT AF McCargo, Jeremy W. Peterson, James T. TI An Evaluation of the Influence of Seasonal Base Flow and Geomorphic Stream Characteristics on Coastal Plain Stream Fish Assemblages SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; UNITED-STATES; HEADWATER STREAMS; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEM; HYPOXIA; REGIMES; RIVERS; FAUNA AB Water regulation and use have been identified as important limiting factors influencing stream-dwelling fishes. To develop effective water management strategies, fisheries biologists need tools for assessing the effect of reduced streamflows on fish communities. We studied fish assemblages in the lower Flint River basin, Georgia, during two drought years with very low streamflow (2001-2002) and two postdrought years (2003-2004) with average to above-average streamflow. Fishes were sampled and stream discharge was measured during the spring, summer, and winter of each year. Analysis of fish assemblage metrics indicated that fish species richness and total fish density were strongly and positively related to seasonal 10-d low discharge. However, the effect of discharge varied with stream size and geomorphic channel characteristics, which suggested that a single low-flow standard was unlikely to have the same effect across all streams in the basin. The effect of seasonal base flows also was greater in the spring and summer than in winter. Hierarchical occupancy models indicated that the fish species most sensitive to low base flows were those that were large bodied as adults, were intolerant to anthropogenic alterations, and occupied deep and fast current velocity habitats. When conducting environmental flow assessments at regional scales, managers should consider the effects of local stream reach characteristics on the response of fishes to streamflow alteration. C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM peterson@warnell.uga.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia Department of Natural Resources FX We are indebted to many technicians, volunteers, and graduate students, including Nolan Banish, Bryant Bowen, Denise Carroll, Scott Craven, Shane Hawthorne, Brent Henry, Chris Holliday, Dale McPherson, Jason McGee, Patrick O'Rouke, John Ruiz, and Drew Taylor. We also thank Anne Wimberly for assisting with obtaining geographical information systems maps and figures. Funding and logistical support for this project was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The manuscript was improved with suggestions from T. Kwak, M. Freeman, C. Jennings, and anonymous reviewers. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U. S. Government or the USGS. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the USGS, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, University of Georgia, and Wildlife Management Institute. NR 71 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 29 EP 48 DI 10.1577/T09-036.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DE UT WOS:000277124800004 ER PT J AU Zydlewski, J Zydlewski, G Danner, GR AF Zydlewski, Joseph Zydlewski, Gayle Danner, G. Russell TI Descaling Injury Impairs the Osmoregulatory Ability of Atlantic Salmon Smolts Entering Seawater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; SALAR SMOLTS; SMOLTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; WATER; MORTALITY; MOVEMENT AB The effect of descaling injury on the osmoregulatory ability of hatchery Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in seawater was investigated. Experimental series were initiated during early, middle, and late periods of the spring smolt migration (April 25, May 11, and May 31, respectively). For each time series, descaled smolts (subjected to descaling on 10% of the body surface area) and control smolts (held out of water for 15 s) were transferred to seawater at 0, 1, 3, or 7 d posttreatment. After fish were held in 35% seawater for 24 h, gill and blood samples were collected and analyzed for Na+,K+-ATPase activity and plasma osmolyte levels. Based on gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, the three series spanned the period from early smolting (increasing activity) to de-smolting (decreasing activity). In each series, descaled fish transferred to seawater at 0 and 1 d posttreatment had greater plasma osmolality than control fish; descaled fish transferred to seawater at 3 d posttreatment did not differ from controls. The greatest perturbation in osmolality (70 milliosmoles) was observed at the peak of smolting (middle series), whereas lesser increases were seen for early and late-series smolts. The observed osmotic perturbations in descaled fish would probably reduce performance and decrease survival during smolt migration. C1 [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Gayle] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Danner, G. Russell] Colby Coll, Dept Biol, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. [Danner, G. Russell] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Zydlewski, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM jzydlewski@usgs.gov FU University of Maine; Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife; USGS Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX The authors thank the biologists at the Green Lake National Fish Hatchery, especially Fred Trasko, for invaluable assistance. We thank Randy Spencer, Casey Jackson, Christopher Holbrook, Aline Barbin, and Orion Zydlewski for their assistance in sampling and analysis. Lauren Holbrook provided key laboratory expertise. Additional thanks go to Steve Coghlan and Joan Trial for their review of the manuscript. This research was funded by the University of Maine, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, and USGS Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Reference to trade names and commercial products does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the U. S. Government. We remember the contributions and encouragement of Ed Hastings from NOAA Fisheries. We also remember the conversations with Clem Fay, representing the Penobscot Nation, whose interest in the subject stimulated this work. Both Ed and Clem are missed. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1577/T09-054.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DE UT WOS:000277124800011 ER PT J AU Bouska, WW Paukert, CP AF Bouska, Wesley W. Paukert, Craig P. TI Road Crossing Designs and Their Impact on Fish Assemblages of Great Plains Streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THREATENED LEOPARD DARTER; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; BARRIERS; HABITAT; BEHAVIOR; MOVEMENT; ABILITY; MINNOW; TROUT AB A mark-recapture field study was conducted to determine fish passage at 5 concrete box culverts and 5 low-water crossings (concrete slabs vented by culverts) as well as 10 control sites (below a natural riffle) in Flint Hills streams of northeastern Kansas. Additionally, we tested the upstream passage of four fish species native to Great Plains streams (Topeka shiner Notropis topeka, green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis, and southern redbelly dace Phoxinus erythrogaster) through three simulated crossing designs (box culverts, round corrugated culverts, and natural rock riffles) at water velocities of 0.1 to 1.1 m/s in an experimental stream. The field study indicated that cyprinids were twice as likely to move upstream of box culverts than low-water crossings and 1.4 times as likely to move upstream of control reaches than any crossing type. The best models indicated that the proportion of cyprinids that moved upstream increased with decreased culvert slope and length, perching, and increased culvert width. Our controlled experiment indicated that fish can move through velocities up to 1.1 m/s in a 1.86-m simulated stream and that the proportion of fish that moved upstream did not differ among crossing designs for southern redbelly dace, green sunfish, or Topeka shiner; however, natural rock riffles had lower proportional movements (mean 0.19) than the box (0.38) or corrugated culvert designs (0.43) for red shiners. Water velocity did not affect the proportional upstream movement of any species except that of Topeka shiners, which increased with water velocity. Crossing design alone may not determine fish passage, and water velocities up to 1.1 m/s may not affect the passage of many Great Plains fishes. Barriers to fish movement may be the result of other factors (e. g., perching, slope, and crossing length). The use of properly designed and installed crossings has promise in conserving Great Plains stream fishes. C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cpaukert@ksu.edu FU Kansas Department of Transportation; Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX This study was funded through the Kansas Department of Transportation. Kirk Mammoliti, Alex Lyon, and Luke Kowalski provided field assistance. The manuscript benefitted from comments by Tim Keane, Keith Gido, David Ward, and four anonymous reviewers. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names or products is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U. S. Government or the U. S. Geological Survey. The Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1577/T09-040.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DE UT WOS:000277124800017 ER PT J AU Murry, BA Connerton, MJ O'Gorman, R Stewart, DJ Ringler, NH AF Murry, Brent A. Connerton, Michael J. O'Gorman, Robert Stewart, Donald J. Ringler, Neil H. TI Lakewide Estimates of Alewife Biomass and Chinook Salmon Abundance and Consumption in Lake Ontario, 1989-2005: Implications for Prey Fish Sustainability SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PELAGIC FOOD-WEB; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RAINBOW-TROUT; MICHIGAN; DYNAMICS; MODEL; SIZE; GROWTH; POPULATION; ENERGETICS AB Stocking levels of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha for Lake Ontario have been highly controversial since the early 1990s, largely because of uncertainties about lakewide abundance and rates of prey consumption. Previous estimates have focused on years before 1995; since then, however, the Lake Ontario ecosystem has undergone substantial changes, and there is new evidence of extensive natural recruitment. Presented here are new abundance estimates of Chinook salmon and alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake Ontario and a reevaluation of the potential risk of alewife population collapse. We found that Lake Ontario has been supporting, on average (1989-2005), 1.83 x 10(6) (range, 1.08 x 10(6) to 3.24 x 10(6)) Chinook salmon of ages 1-4, amounting to a mean annual biomass of 11.33 x 10(3) metric tons (range, 5.83 x 10(3) to 23.04 x 10(3) metric tons). During the same period (1989-2005), the lake supported an alewife biomass of 173.66 x 10(3) metric tons (range, 62.37 x 10(3) to 345.49 x 10(3) metric tons); Chinook salmon of ages 1-4 consumed, on average, 22% (range, 11-44%) of the alewife biomass annually. Because our estimates probably underestimate total consumption and because Chinook salmon are only one of several salmonine species that depend on alewives, predation pressure on the Lake Ontario alewife population may be high enough to raise concerns about long-term stability of this predator-prey system. C1 [Murry, Brent A.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Connerton, Michael J.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. [O'Gorman, Robert] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Stewart, Donald J.; Ringler, Neil H.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Murry, BA (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM brent.murry@gmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) New York Sea [R/FBF-18] FX We first thank Jim Bowlby (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources) for sharing data used in developing survival estimates and Christopher Wurster (University of St. Andrews, United Kingdom) for sharing temperature data derived from his earlier otolith microchemistry work. We also thank the crews of the R/Vs Kaho and R/V Seth Green and the biologists and technicians who participated in the spring alewife assessments aboard those two vessels, as well as numerous NYSDEC biologists that collected valuable data at the Salmon River Hatchery and during open-lake creel surveys. Finally, we acknowledge the valuable contributions of James Kitchell (University of Wisconsin, Madison) and two anonymous reviewers whose comments and criticisms during review greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) New York Sea Grant R/FBF-18. The U. S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. This is article is contribution 1552 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 223 EP 240 DI 10.1577/T08-216.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DE UT WOS:000277124800018 ER PT J AU Pautzke, SM Mather, ME Finn, JT Deegan, LA Muth, RM AF Pautzke, Sarah M. Mather, Martha E. Finn, John T. Deegan, Linda A. Muth, Robert M. TI Seasonal Use of a New England Estuary by Foraging Contingents of Migratory Striped Bass SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; MORONE-SAXATILIS; ATLANTIC COAST; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; NORTH-CAROLINA; HABITAT USE; RIVER; HUDSON; MOVEMENTS AB Using acoustic telemetry on migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis in Plum Island Estuary (PIE), Massachusetts, we found that striped bass (335-634 mm total length) tagged in the spring and summer of 2005 (n = 14) and 2006 (n = 46) stayed in the estuary for an average of 66.0 d in 2005 and 72.2 d in 2006. Striped bass spent the most time in two specific reaches: middle Plum Island Sound and lower Rowley River. In both years, three different use-groups of striped bass were observed in PIE. Short-term visitors (n = 24) stayed in the estuary only briefly (range = 5-20 d). Two groups of seasonal residents stayed for more than 30 d, either in the Rowley River (n = 14) or in Plum Island Sound (n = 22). Within PIE, the two seasonal-resident use-groups may be foraging contingents that learn how to feed efficiently in specific parts of the estuary. These distinct within-estuary use patterns could have different implications for striped bass condition and prey impact. C1 [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Pautzke, Sarah M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Pautzke, Sarah M.; Mather, Martha E.; Finn, John T.; Muth, Robert M.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Deegan, Linda A.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mather@nrc.umass.edu NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1577/T08-222.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DE UT WOS:000277124800020 ER EF