FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Depew, DC
   Stevens, AW
   Smith, REH
   Hecky, RE
AF Depew, David C.
   Stevens, Andrew W.
   Smith, Ralph E. H.
   Hecky, Robert E.
TI Detection and characterization of benthic filamentous algal stands
   (Cladophora sp.) on rocky substrata using a high-frequency echosounder
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; WATER CLARITY;
   ZEBRA MUSSELS; BIOMASS; MACROPHYTES; GLOMERATA; DREISSENA; SYSTEM;
   QUANTIFICATION
AB A high-frequency echosounder was used to detect and characterize percent cover and stand height of the benthic filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. on rocky substratum of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Comparisons between in situ observations and estimates of the algal stand characteristics (percent cover, stand height) derived from the acoustic data show good agreement for algal stands that exceeded the height threshold for detection by acoustics (similar to 7.5 cm). Backscatter intensity and volume scattering strength were unable to provide any predictive power for estimating algal biomass. A comparative analysis between the only current commercial software (EcoSAV(TM)) and an alternate method using a graphical user interface (GUI) written in MATLAB(R) confirmed previous findings that EcoSAV functions poorly in conditions where the substrate is uneven and bottom depth changes rapidly. The GUI method uses a signal processing algorithm similar to that of EcoSAV but bases bottom depth classification and algal stand height classification on adjustable thresholds that can be visualized by a trained analyst. This study documents the successful characterization of nuisance quantities of filamentous algae on hard substrate using an acoustic system and demonstrates the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of collecting information on the distribution of nuisance macroalgae. This study also highlights the need for further development of more flexible classification algorithms that can be used in a variety of aquatic ecosystems.
C1 [Depew, David C.; Smith, Ralph E. H.; Hecky, Robert E.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
   [Stevens, Andrew W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Hecky, Robert E.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
RP Depew, DC (reprint author), Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
EM david.depew@queensu.ca
OI Depew, David/0000-0003-2759-6759
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
FX This work was supported by a CRD grant from the Natural Sciences and
   Engineering Research Council of Canada. Additional support was provided
   by the US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program. We thank
   Scott Higgins, Sairah Malkin, Adam Houben, and Tedy Ozersky for dive
   assistance and help with the ground truthing. We also gratefully
   acknowledge BioSonics for providing the DT4 file format documentation,
   Rich Pawlowicz University of British Columbia for providing the MATLAB
   code for reading raw echosounder data, and Assad Ibrahim, Mike Burger,
   and Brian Moore for techincal discussions. Comments from Lars Rudstam,
   Dan Hoover, Alex Apotsos, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved
   the quality of the original manuscript.
NR 55
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 1541-5856
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH
JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 7
BP 693
EP 705
PG 13
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 511NC
UT WOS:000271171200002
ER

PT J
AU Azua-Bustos, A
   Gonzalez-Silva, C
   Mancilla, RA
   Salas, L
   Palma, RE
   Wynne, JJ
   McKay, CP
   Vicuna, R
AF Azua-Bustos, A.
   Gonzalez-Silva, C.
   Mancilla, R. A.
   Salas, L.
   Palma, R. E.
   Wynne, J. J.
   McKay, C. P.
   Vicuna, R.
TI Ancient Photosynthetic Eukaryote Biofilms in an Atacama Desert Coastal
   Cave
SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RED ALGAE RHODOPHYTA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CYANIDIUM-CALDARIUM; HYPERARID
   CORE; MICROBIAL LIFE; NORTHERN CHILE; NATIONAL-PARK; LAMP-FLORA;
   CYANOBACTERIA; DIVERSITY
AB Caves offer a stable and protected environment from harsh and changing outside prevailing conditions. Hence, they represent an interesting habitat for studying life in extreme environments. Here, we report the presence of a member of the ancient eukaryote red algae Cyanidium group in a coastal cave of the hyperarid Atacama Desert. This microorganism was found to form a seemingly monospecific biofilm growing under extremely low photon flux levels. Our work suggests that this species, Cyanidium sp. Atacama, is a new member of a recently proposed novel monophyletic lineage of mesophilic "cave" Cyanidium sp., distinct from the remaining three other lineages which are all thermo-acidophilic. The cave described in this work may represent an evolutionary island for life in the midst of the Atacama Desert.
C1 [Azua-Bustos, A.; Mancilla, R. A.; Salas, L.; Vicuna, R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Fac Ciencias Biol, Santiago, Chile.
   [Gonzalez-Silva, C.] Univ Arturo Prat, Dept Ciencias Quim & Farmaceut, Iquique, Chile.
   [Wynne, J. J.] No Arizona Univ, USGS, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
   [Wynne, J. J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
   [McKay, C. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
   [Azua-Bustos, A.; Vicuna, R.] Millennium Inst Fundamental & Appl Biol, Santiago, Chile.
   [Palma, R. E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile.
RP Azua-Bustos, A (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Fac Ciencias Biol, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
EM ajazua@uc.cl
RI mancilla, rodrigo/C-8380-2011; Palma, Eduardo/N-1416-2014; azua-bustos,
   armando/P-8787-2016
FU Millennium Institute of Fundamental and Applied Biology (Chile)
FX This work was supported by the Millennium Institute of Fundamental and
   Applied Biology (Chile). We also thank the members of Rafael Vicuna's
   Laboratory for critical comments and insights which helped to improve
   this manuscript.
NR 55
TC 14
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0095-3628
J9 MICROB ECOL
JI Microb. Ecol.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 58
IS 3
BP 485
EP 496
DI 10.1007/s00248-009-9500-5
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Microbiology
GA 495XH
UT WOS:000269928300004
PM 19259626
ER

PT J
AU Macdonald, R
   Belkin, HE
   Wall, F
   Baginski, B
AF Macdonald, R.
   Belkin, H. E.
   Wall, F.
   Baginski, B.
TI Compositional variation in the chevkinite group: new data from igneous
   and metamorphic rocks
SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE chevkinite-group; perrierite; metamictization; distribution
ID RICH ACCESSORY MINERALS; ITOIGAWA-OHMI-DISTRICT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE;
   SARNU-DANDALI; NIIGATA PREFECTURE; CARBONATITE DYKE; EAST ANTARCTICA;
   CENTRAL JAPAN; PERRIERITE; REE
AB Electron microprobe analyses are presented of chevkinite-group minerals from Canada, USA, Guatemala, Norway, Scotland, Italy and India. The host rocks are metacarbonates, alkaline and subalkaline granitoids, quartz-bearing pegmatites, carbonatite and an inferred K-rich tuff. The analyses extend slightly the range of compositions in the chevkinite group, e. g. the most MgO-rich phases yet recorded, and we report two further examples where La is the dominant cation in the A site. Patchily-zoned crystals from Virginia and Guatemala contain both perrierite and chevkinite compositions. The new and published analyses are used to review compositional variation in minerals of the perrierite subgroup, which can form in a wide range of host rock compositions and over a substantial pressure-temperature range. The dominant substitutions in the various cation sites and a generalized substitution scheme are described.
C1 [Macdonald, R.; Baginski, B.] Univ Warsaw, IGMiP Fac Geol, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland.
   [Macdonald, R.] Univ Lancaster, Ctr Environm, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England.
   [Belkin, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Wall, F.] Univ Exeter, Camborne Sch Mines, Sch Geog Archaeol & Earth Resources, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England.
RP Macdonald, R (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, IGMiP Fac Geol, Al Zwirki & Wigury 93, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland.
EM r.macdonald@lancaster.ac.uk
OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529
FU U.S. Government
FX We are very grateful to Pete Dunn (U. S. National Museum), Steve Laurie
   (University of Cambridge), Gunnar Raade (University of Oslo) and Tom
   Sisson (U. S. Geological Survey) for generously providing samples. We
   are indebted to Gabriel Carlier, I-Ming Chou, Edward Grew, Silvio Vlach
   and Gregory Wandless for detailed and constructive reviews of the
   manuscript, which led to significant improvements in its quality. Any
   use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only
   and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 67
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC
PI TWICKENHAM
PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX,
   ENGLAND
SN 0026-461X
J9 MINERAL MAG
JI Mineral. Mag.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 5
BP 777
EP 796
DI 10.1180/minmag.2009.073.5.777
PG 20
WC Mineralogy
SC Mineralogy
GA 533DW
UT WOS:000272804200005
ER

PT J
AU Shen, ZK
   Sun, JB
   Zhang, PZ
   Wan, YG
   Wang, M
   Burgmann, R
   Zeng, YH
   Gan, WJ
   Liao, H
   Wang, QL
AF Shen, Zheng-Kang
   Sun, Jianbao
   Zhang, Peizhen
   Wan, Yongge
   Wang, Min
   Buergmann, Roland
   Zeng, Yuehua
   Gan, Weijun
   Liao, Hua
   Wang, Qingliang
TI Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008
   Wenchuan earthquake
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS; LONGMEN SHAN; CHINA; SICHUAN;
   DEFORMATION
AB The disastrous 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China took the local population as well as scientists by surprise. Although the Longmen Shan fault zone-which includes the fault segments along which this earthquake nucleated-was well known, geologic and geodetic data indicate relatively low (< 3 mm yr(-1)) deformation rates. Here we invert Global Positioning System and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data to infer fault geometry and slip distribution associated with the earthquake. Our analysis shows that the geometry of the fault changes along its length: in the southwest, the fault plane dips moderately to the northwest but becomes nearly vertical in the northeast. Associated with this is a change in the motion along the fault from predominantly thrusting to strike-slip. Peak slip along the fault occurs at the intersections of fault segments located near the towns of Yingxiu, Beichuan and Nanba, where fatalities and damage were concentrated. We suggest that these locations represent barriers that failed in a single event, enabling the rupture to cascade through several fault segments and cause a major moment magnitude (M(w)) 7.9 earthquake. Using coseismic slip distribution and geodetic and geological slip rates, we estimate that the failure of barriers and rupture along multiple segments takes place approximately once in 4,000 years.
C1 [Shen, Zheng-Kang; Sun, Jianbao; Zhang, Peizhen; Wang, Min; Gan, Weijun] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Zheng-Kang] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Dept Geophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Zheng-Kang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Wan, Yongge] Coll Disaster Prevent Sci & Technol, Sanhe 101601, Hebei, Peoples R China.
   [Buergmann, Roland] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Zeng, Yuehua] US Geol Survey, Golden Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Liao, Hua] Sichuan Seismol Bur, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Qingliang] China Earthquake Adm, Monitoring Ctr 2, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
RP Shen, ZK (reprint author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM zshen@ies.ac.cn
FU MSTC [2004CB418403, LED2008A05]; NSFC [40674011, 40674022]; CEA
   [JB-09-04, 200708002]; NSF [EAR-0609656]
FX We thank JAXA and ESA (ESA-NRSCC Dragon project 2577), particularly M.
   Kawai and R. Malosti for SAR data provision, and CEA and CBSM survey
   crews, particularly Q. Wang, for GPS data collection. Discussions with
   X.Xu, C. Lasserre, R. Briggs, X.Wen, Q. Liu, C. Ji, E. Fielding, P.
   Bird, Y.Kagan, D.Jackson, A. Sladen, J.-P. Avoucac, A. Yin and P. Molnar
   have been helpful. Review comments of J. Langbein are appreciated.
   Administrative and technical support provided by Q. Li, J. sun, W. Tao,
   F. Liang, X. Gao, Y. Wang, M. Hao, K. Wang and W. Chen are appreciated.
   This study has been supporte by research grants from MSTC (2004CB418403,
   LED2008A05), NSFC (40674011, 40674022), CEA (IGCEA JB-09-04, 200708002)
   and NSF (EAR-0609656).
NR 29
TC 212
Z9 274
U1 8
U2 76
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 2
IS 10
BP 718
EP 724
DI 10.1038/NGEO636
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 501BW
UT WOS:000270355000019
ER

PT J
AU Haines, SS
   Pidlisecky, A
   Knight, R
AF Haines, Seth S.
   Pidlisecky, Adam
   Knight, Rosemary
TI Hydrogeologic structure underlying a recharge pond delineated with
   shear-wave seismic reflection and cone penetrometer data
SO NEAR SURFACE GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; PENETRATION-TEST; VELOCITY; INVERSION;
   LITHOLOGY
AB With the goal of improving the understanding of the subsurface structure beneath the Harkins Slough recharge pond in Pajaro Valley, California, USA, we have undertaken a multimodal approach to develop a robust velocity model to yield an accurate seismic reflection section. Our shear-wave reflection section helps us identify and map an important and previously unknown flow barrier at depth; it also helps us map other relevant structure within the surficial aquifer. Development of an accurate velocity model is essential for depth conversion and interpretation of the reflection section. We incorporate information provided by shear-wave seismic methods along with cone penetrometer testing and seismic cone penetrometer testing measurements. One velocity model is based on reflected and refracted arrivals and provides reliable velocity estimates for the full depth range of interest when anchored on interface depths determined from cone data and borehole drillers' logs. A second velocity model is based on seismic cone penetrometer testing data that provide higher-resolution ID velocity columns with error estimates within the depth range of the cone penetrometer testing. Comparison of the reflection/refraction model with the seismic cone penetrometer testing model also suggests that the mass of the cone truck can influence velocity with the equivalent effect of approximately one metre of extra overburden stress. Together, these velocity models and the depth-converted reflection section result in a better constrained hydrologic model of the subsurface and illustrate the pivotal role that cone data can provide in the reflection processing workflow.
C1 [Haines, Seth S.] US Geol Survey, CERT, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Pidlisecky, Adam] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
   [Knight, Rosemary] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Haines, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERT, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM shaines@usgs.gov
FU Schlumberger Water Services
FX We are grateful to Brian Lockwood, Mary Bannister and others from the
   Pajaro, Valley Water Management Agency, to Jonathan Lear of Balance
   Hydrologics and to Andy Fisher of the University of California at Santa
   Cruz for their assistance and cooperation with this work. We thank Bob
   Clapp of Stanford University and Olav Lindtjorn and Chung-Chi Shih from
   Schlumberger for helpful discussions regarding velocity modelling
   algorithms. We also thank Vanessa Mitchell and Elliot Grunewald for
   their participation in the seismic data collection. This research was
   supported by funding to R. Knight from Schlumberger Water Services.
   References to any specific commercial product, process or service by
   trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily
   constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favouring by the
   United States Government or any agency thereof.
NR 35
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 4
PU EUROPEAN ASSOC GEOSCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS
PI 3990 DB, HOUTEN
PA PO BOX 59, 3990 DB, HOUTEN, 00000, NETHERLANDS
SN 1569-4445
J9 NEAR SURF GEOPHYS
JI Near Surf. Geophys.
PD OCT-DEC
PY 2009
VL 7
IS 5-6
BP 329
EP 339
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 507ZI
UT WOS:000270895200004
ER

PT J
AU Bruce, RL
   Moffitt, CM
   Dennis, B
AF Bruce, R. Louise
   Moffitt, Christine M.
   Dennis, Brian
TI Survival and Passage of Ingested New Zealand Mudsnails through the
   Intestinal Tract of Rainbow Trout
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; PERCH PERCA-FLUVIATILIS; GASTRIC
   EVACUATION; POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; MEAL SIZE; FOOD-CONSUMPTION;
   PARTICLE-SIZE; FISH; MODEL; TEMPERATURE
AB We conducted laboratory trials to determine the transit time and Survival of New Zealand mudsnails Potamopyrgus antipodarum in the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow front Oncorhynchus mykiss. To assess the rate of snail passage, we force-fed groups of fish a known quantity of snails and their held them ill tanks. At selected intervals we removed individual fish from the test tanks and recorded the number of snails, their condition (live or dead), and their location ill the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, anterior intestine. and posterior intestine). Feces were removed from tanks and examined for live snails. We repeated evaluations of passage rate and snail survival to determine the effects of varying the number of snails ingested, fish size. snail size, and feeding a commercial diet to fish after snail ingestion. We plotted and modeled gut evacuation rising a stochastic model for ordinal data to consider each test variable. Snail passage rates were faster in fish that were fed smaller snails. Surprisingly, fish fed snails and then administered rations of commercial fish feed retained the snails longer in their stomach than did fish that were not administered fish feeds after being fed snails. Increased retention time of snails in tire stomach decreased the probability of snail survival when voided in fecal material. Snails that passed through the gastrointestinal tract within 12-24 It of ingestion were often recovered live in fecal samples. However. no live snails were recovered from the posterior intestine or fecal material collected 24 It after ingestion. Using our results we propose potential management options that could reduce the risks of introducing live snails into new locations when stocking fish from infested hatcheries.
C1 [Bruce, R. Louise; Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
   [Dennis, Brian] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); U.S. Geological Survey; Center
   for Research oil Invasive Species and Small Populations at the
   University of Idaho
FX We are grateful to University of Idaho Students and staff for assistance
   in conducting trials: Charlee Capaul, Kelsey Hall, Steve Crawford, Jon
   Stein, and Boling Sun. We thank the staff of Hagerman National Fish
   Hatchery, the University of Idaho Hagerman Experiment Station, and the
   College of Southern Idaho for assistance with experimental fish, snails,
   and equipment for trials. Mark Dybdahl provided Valuable information on
   basic biology and care of snails and reviewed earlier Manuscript drafts.
   Barnaby Watten, Paul Heimowitz, Mike Scott, and three anonymous
   reviewers provided valuable reviews Of this manuscript. This project was
   funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the U.S.
   Geological Survey, and the Center for Research oil Invasive Species and
   Small Populations at the University of Idaho. The USFWS Student Career
   Experience Program provided support for L. Bruce and this research was
   part of her Master's thesis.
NR 47
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 14
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 71
IS 4
BP 287
EP 301
DI 10.1577/A08-033.1
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522US
UT WOS:000272025100001
ER

PT J
AU Kindschi, GA
   Myrick, CA
   Barrows, FT
   Toner, M
   Fraser, WC
   Ilgen, J
   Beck, L
AF Kindschi, Greg A.
   Myrick, Christopher A.
   Barrows, Frederic T.
   Toner, Matthew
   Fraser, William C.
   Ilgen, Jason
   Beck, Linda
TI Performance of Yellowstone and Snake River Cutthroat Trout Fry Fed Seven
   Different Diets
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID DORSAL FIN EROSION; TEMPERATURE; STREAM
AB Five commercial diets and two formulated feeds were fed to initial-feeding Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri fry and Snake River cutthroat trout O. clarkii spp. (currently being petitioned for classification as O. clarkii behnkei) fry for 18 weeks front June 16 to October 18, 2006, to evaluate fish performance. Eyed eggs from Yellowstone and Snake River cutthroat trout were received from the Yellowstone River State Fish Hatchery and Jackson National Fish Hatchery, respectively. Each diet was fed to four tanks of each subspecies of cutthroat trout (7 diets x 4 tanks/diet x 2 cutthroat trout subspecies = 56 tanks). Skretting Nutra-Plus provided optimal fish weight, total length, Survival, and feed conversion for Yellowstone cutthroat trout. The weight and total length of Snake River cutthroat trout were also greatest when fish were fed Skretting Nutra-Plus. Skretting Nutra-Plus is no longer available, but Skretting/Bio-Oregon Bio-Vita is very similar; this feed and similar premium feeds from other manufacturers should be considered for future cutthroat trout propagation programs.
C1 [Myrick, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA.
   [Toner, Matthew; Fraser, William C.; Ilgen, Jason; Beck, Linda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
RP Kindschi, GA (reprint author), 505 N Valley Dr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA.
EM gandckindschi@msn.com
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 71
IS 4
BP 325
EP 329
DI 10.1577/A08-026.1
PG 5
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522US
UT WOS:000272025100007
ER

PT J
AU Archdeacon, TP
   Bonar, SA
AF Archdeacon, Thomas P.
   Bonar, Scott A.
TI Captive Breeding of Endangered Mohave Tui Chub
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID CULTURE
AB The endangered Mohave tui chub Gila bicolor mohavensis, which occurs only in three populations in southern California, has not been previously spawned in captivity. Captive breeding of imperiled fishes can be important to conserve biodiversity and aid in native fish conservation efforts by reducing the collection of wild fish for translocations, providing individuals for experimental studies, and ensuring species survival. To spawn Mohave tui chub, we lowered water temperature to 10 degrees C, held this temperature constant for 30 d, and then warmed the tank at a rate of 1 degrees C per day to reach ambient air temperature (20-22 degrees C). We used a photoperiod of 10 h light : 14 h dark and adjusted the photoperiod to 14 h light : 10 h dark when the tank reached 15 degrees C. These photoperiod and water temperature regimes were designed to simulate Mojave Desert springtime conditions. Artificial plants were provided as spawning substrate. Three spawning events produced over 1,700 larval fish. Fish not subjected to this photoperiod and water temperature regime did not spawn. Simulation of a spring photoperiod and temperature regime was associated with successful spawning of Mohave tui chub in captivity and may be effective for spawning other endangered cyprinids with similar requirements.
C1 [Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey Biological Research Division; National Park
   Service (NPS)
FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey Biological Research Division and the
   National Park Service (NPS) for funding under the Natural Resource
   Preservation Program; Steve Parmenter of California Fish and Game, Debra
   Hughson from NPS, and Doug Threloff from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
   Service for assistance in obtaining permits and in stud), design; and
   Rob Fulton of the Desert Research Center for field assistance,
   hospitality, and access to water and weather data at Lake Tuendae. We
   also thank S. Jason Kline, Andrea Francis, and Alison Iles from the
   University of Arizona for field and laboratory assistance and Peter
   Reinthal and William Matter from the University of Arizona for review of
   this manuscript. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement
   by the U.S. Government.
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 6
U1 8
U2 15
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 71
IS 4
BP 360
EP 362
DI 10.1577/A08-039.1
PG 3
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522US
UT WOS:000272025100013
ER

PT J
AU Kline, SJ
   Archdeacon, TP
   Bonar, SA
AF Kline, S. Jason
   Archdeacon, Thomas P.
   Bonar, Scott A.
TI Effects of Praziquantel on Eggs of the Asian Tapeworm Bothriocephalus
   acheilognathi
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; GRASS CARP; BATH TREATMENTS; CHUB; PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA;
   INFECTION; CESTODA
AB Praziquantel, an anthelmintic, is commonly used to control the Asian fish tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and baitfish. We treated 50 individuals from three different cyprinid fish species with praziquantel at 6 mg/L, a dose higher than the minimum recommended for complete Asian tapeworm removal in 24 h but much less than the concentration that would have ill effects on the fish. Praziquantel killed hundreds of adult tapeworms, but many ruptured and released eggs. We observed that the eggs released from Asian tapeworms treated with praziquantel were viable and produced thousands of coracidia over several days. We warm fishery managers that even if fish receive the typically recommended praziquantel treatment regime and all adult tapeworms are killed, viable eggs and coracidia may be present in the holding water or attached to the skin of treated fish, the surfaces of equipment, or treatment personnel.
C1 [Kline, S. Jason; Archdeacon, Thomas P.; Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu
FU Arizona Game and Fish's Heritage Program [104010]; National Fish and
   Wildlife Foundation [2004-0060-000]; National Park Service's Natural
   Resource Preservation Program (NRPP); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
   Science Support Grant Program
FX We thank Bill Matter and Peter Reinthal from the University of Arizona,
   and Chris Cantrell and Don Mitchell from the Arizona Game and Fish
   Department for their comments on project design and review of this
   manuscript. We thank Andrea Francis, Alison Iles, Andrew Schultz, and
   Sean Tackley from the Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research
   Unit for help with fish husbandry and experimental logistics' Charles
   Ault, Bill Radke, and Nina King from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
   Debra Hughson from the National Park Service, and Steve Parmenter from
   the California Fish and Game Department for project oversight, help
   securing and treating experimental fish, and advice on experimental
   design: Anindo Choudhury from St. Norberts College, Mark Brouder from
   the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rob Clarkson from the Bureau of
   Reclamation, and David Ward front the Arizona Game and Fish Department
   for information and advice on Asian tapeworm life history, effects, and
   treatment; and Carol Yde from the Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
   Research Unit for administrative help. This project was funded by
   Arizona Game and Fish's Heritage Program (grant 104010), the National
   Fish and Wildlife Foundation (grant 2004-0060-000), the National Park
   Service's Natural Resource Preservation Program (NRPP), and the U.S.
   Fish and Wildlife Service Science Support Grant Program.
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 71
IS 4
BP 380
EP 383
DI 10.1577/A08-038.1
PG 4
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522US
UT WOS:000272025100016
ER

PT J
AU Grimaldo, LF
   Sommer, T
   Van Ark, N
   Jones, G
   Holland, E
   Moyle, PB
   Herbold, B
   Smith, P
AF Grimaldo, Lenny F.
   Sommer, Ted
   Van Ark, Nick
   Jones, Gardner
   Holland, Erika
   Moyle, Peter B.
   Herbold, Bruce
   Smith, Pete
TI Factors Affecting Fish Entrainment into Massive Water Diversions in a
   Tidal Freshwater Estuary: Can Fish Losses be Managed?
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; JOAQUIN DELTA; STRIPED BASS; MORONE-SAXATILIS;
   POWER-STATION; LIFE-HISTORY; HUDSON RIVER; SACRAMENTO; CALIFORNIA; SMELT
AB We examined factors affecting fish entrainment at California's State Water Project and Central Valley Project, two of the largest water diversions in the world. Combined, these diversions from the upper San Francisco Estuary support a large component of the municipal and agricultural infrastructure for California. However, precipitous declines in the abundance of several estuarine fish species, notably the threatened delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, have generated major concern about entrainment as a possible cause of the declines. We examined a 13-year data set of export pumping operations and environmental characteristics to determine factors affecting entrainment (as indexed by salvage at fish screens) and the potential for manipulation of these factors to improve conditions for fish. Entrainment of three migratory pelagic species-delta smelt, longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichihys, and striped bass Morone saxatilis-was primarily determined by the seasonal occurrence of particular life stages close to the export facilities. We also found that the direction and magnitude of flows through the estuary and to the export facilities were reasonable predictors of pelagic fish entrainment. Entrainment of resident demersal species (prickly sculpin Conus asper and white catfish Ameiurus catus) and littoral species (Mississippi silverside Menidia audens and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) was not explained by diversion flows, although large numbers of individuals from these species were collected. Our study suggests that entrainment of pelagic species can be effectively reduced by manipulating system hydrodynamics.
C1 [Grimaldo, Lenny F.; Sommer, Ted; Van Ark, Nick; Jones, Gardner; Holland, Erika] Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Serv, Aquat Ecol Sect, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
   [Grimaldo, Lenny F.; Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Herbold, Bruce] US EPA, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA.
   [Smith, Pete] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Grimaldo, LF (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA.
EM lgrimaldo@usbr.gov
RI Bond, Ronald/C-9201-2009
FU CDWR South Delta Program; Interagency Ecological Program; Sail Francisco
   Estuary Program
FX We want to thank the CDWR South Delta Program, Interagency Ecological
   Program, and Sail Francisco Estuary Program for funding and support. We
   also thank Russ Ganz, Kelly Souza, Cathy Ruhl. Jay Simi and Robert
   Duvall for assistance with data collection and handling. Matt Nobriga,
   Larry Brown, Bill Bennett. Fred Feyrer, and the Delta Smelt Working
   Group provided helpful discussions and feedback about the data analyses
   and interpretation. The manuscript was improved by suggestions from two
   anonymous reviewers.
NR 77
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 2
U2 28
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1253
EP 1270
DI 10.1577/M08-062.1
PG 18
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UW
UT WOS:000272025500007
ER

PT J
AU Al-Chokhachy, R
   Peacock, M
   Heki, LG
   Thiede, G
AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert
   Peacock, Mary
   Heki, Lisa G.
   Thiede, Gary
TI Evaluating the Reintroduction Potential of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in
   Fallen Leaf Lake, California
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID FLAMING-GORGE RESERVOIR; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; COLORADO RIVER;
   YELLOWSTONE-LAKE; MYSIS-RELICTA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; RAINBOW-TROUT;
   UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; BROWN TROUT
AB We evaluated the potential for reintroducing Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi. a species listed under the Endangered Species Act, into a lacustrine system where the biotic community has changed dramatically since the species' extirpation there. Since 2002. 76,547 Lahontan cutthroat trout have been reintroduced into Fallen Leaf Lake, California; we used creel surveys. diet data, mark-recapture methods. bioenergetics modeling, and netting data across seasons to evaluate the habitat use, growth, and relative abundance of Lahontan cutthroat trout and the abundance. diet. habitat use, and predation by nonnative species. Sampling totals (n = 2) and survey observations (n = 3) indicate low survival and abundance of reintroduced fish and together with creel data indicate the importance of epilimnetic habitats across size-classes. Despite substantial growth. Lahontan cutthroat trout exhibited low condition factor values (average = 0.69). We found substantial predation pressure front a large population of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush ((N) over cap = 8.799 fish: 95% confidence interval [CI] 4,990-16,530 fish): analysis of lake trout diets showed an increase in piscivory and in the percentage of stomachs containing Lahontan cutthroat trout anchor tags with increasing predator size. Overall. we estimated that lake trout consumed over 38% of reintroduced Lahontan cutthroat trout (mean number consumed = 7,736 Fish: 95% CI = 4,388-14,534 fish). With bioenergetics modeling, however. we estimated that lake trout consumed considerable amounts of salmonid biomass during this period (mean biomass = 3,137 kg: 95% Cl = 1 779 5,993 kg), which greatly exceeded the biomass of Lahontan cutthroat trout reintroduced in 2006. During the stratification period, there was little overlap in habitat use between lake trout and Lahontan cutthroat trout, but overlap was high during the spring and autumn. We found moderate-sized populations of nonnative brown trout Salmo trutta, kokanee O. nerka (lacustrine sockeye salmon), and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Together, our results suggest that Lahontan Cutthroat trout have few refugia front direct and indirect negative interactions with normative species and that alternative approaches are needed.
C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Peacock, Mary] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
   [Heki, Lisa G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA.
   [Thiede, Gary] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84321 USA.
RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Mail Stop 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
EM ralchokhachy@gmail.com
RI Al-Chokhachy, Robert/F-2894-2010
FU Lahontan NFH Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We would like to thank C. Luton (USFWS) for considerable contributions
   and insightful comments on all earlier version of this manuscript and N.
   Laulainen for field assistance. We also appreciate the logistical
   contributions and assistance with data collection from U.S. Forest
   Service personnel and S. Byers, J. Bigelow, E. Kelly, T. Loux, W. Cowan,
   and S. Taylor of USFWS. The findings and conclusions in this article are
   those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the
   U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Funding for this project was provided by
   the Lahontan NFH Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 76
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 5
U2 29
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1296
EP 1313
DI 10.1577/M08-087.1
PG 18
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UW
UT WOS:000272025500011
ER

PT J
AU Rowe, DC
   Pierce, CL
   Wilton, TF
AF Rowe, David C.
   Pierce, Clay L.
   Wilton, Thomas F.
TI Fish Assemblage Relationships with Physical Habitat in Wadeable Iowa
   Streams
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID GRADE-CONTROL STRUCTURES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY;
   LAND-USE; AGRICULTURAL STREAMS; RIPARIAN ZONES; COMMUNITIES; RIVER;
   MACROINVERTEBRATES; MINNESOTA
AB Fish assemblages play it key role in stream ecosystems and are influenced by physical habitat. We analyzed fish assemblage,., and physical habitat at 93 randomly selected sites on second- through fifth-order wadeable Iowa streams to explore fish assemblage relationships with reach-scale physical habitat in this agriculturally dominated landscape. Sites were sampled using DC electrofishing and the wadeable streams physical habitat protocol of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program. In all, 92 species were collected. with specie, richness at sites averaging 14. Over 80% of the sites had fish assemblages rated as fair (53%) or poor (32%) based on a fish index of biotic integrity (FIBI). Ordination separated sites from the two major river drainages along an axis of impairment. with sites in the Missouri River drainage exhibiting lower FIBI scores than sites in the Mississippi River drainage. Physical habitat at most sites exhibited fine substrates, eroding banks, and low-gradient, nonmeandering channel and was dominated by glides. Thirty physical habitat variables describing channel morphology, channel cross section and bank morphology, fish cover. human disturbance, large woody debris, relative bed stability, residual pool, riparian vegetation, and substrate differed significantly between sites with FIBI scores rated as poor and those with FIBI scores rated as good or excellent. Eighteen physical habitat variables were significant predictors of fish assemblage metrics and FIBI in multiple linear regression models, with adjusted R 2 values ranging from 0.12 to 0.58. Seventy percent of the model coefficients reflected substrate (40%). residual pool (21%), and fish cover (9%) variables. Fish assemblages in wadeable Iowa streams are strongly associated with the quality of physical habitat. Thus, understanding and addressing the determinants of physical habitat are crucial tor managing streams in Iowa and other agricultural regions.
C1 [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Rowe, David C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Wilton, Thomas F.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA.
RP Pierce, CL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM cpierce@iastate.edu
FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
   Research Unit; Iowa State University Department of Natural Resource
   Ecology and Management
FX We recognize the contributions of the University of Iowa Hygienic
   Laboratory limnologists, especially Mike Birmingham, Todd Hubbard, and
   Jim Luzier, for collecting the fish data; James Baskett, Iaian Bock,
   Matt Derry, Sara Duda, Ryan Harr, Andy Jansen, Sonya Krogh, and Russ
   Powers for help with the physical habitat surveys Brenda Van Beek for
   administrative support; Phil Dixon and Hadley Wickham for statistical
   guidance and advice; the USEPA Office of Research and Development,
   Corvallis, Oregon, for technical support with site selection; and David
   Peck, Phil Kaufmann, and Marlys Cappaert for preliminary data
   processing. Comments from Phil Dixon, Tom Isenhart, Zac Jackson, and
   Jeff Koch improved this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Iowa
   Department of Natural Resources, the Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
   Research Unit, and the Iowa State University Department of Natural
   Resource Ecology and Management. Reference to trade names does not imply
   endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 78
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 7
U2 17
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1314
EP 1332
DI 10.1577/M08-192.1
PG 19
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UW
UT WOS:000272025500012
ER

PT J
AU Rowe, DC
   Pierce, CL
   Wilton, TF
AF Rowe, David C.
   Pierce, Clay L.
   Wilton, Thomas F.
TI Physical Habitat and Fish Assemblage Relationships with Landscape
   Variables at Multiple Spatial Scales in Wadeable Iowa Streams
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-USE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WISCONSIN STREAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY;
   RIPARIAN ZONES; QUALITY; RIVER; CLASSIFICATION; URBANIZATION;
   DISTURBANCE
AB Landscapes in Iowa and other midwestern states have been profoundly altered by conversion of native prairies to agriculture. We analyzed landscape data collected at multiple spatial scales to explore relationships with reach-scale physical habitat and fish assemblage data from 93 randomly selected sites on second- through fifth-order wadeable Iowa streams. Ordination of sites by physical habitat showed significant gradients of channel shape, habitat complexity, Substrate composition, and stream size. Several landscape variables were significantly associated with the physical habitat ordination. Row crop land use was associated with fine substrates and steep bank angles, whereas wetland land cover and greater Sinuosity and catchment land area were associated with complex channel and bank morphology and greater residual pool Volume, woody debris, and canopy cover. Thirteen landscape variables were significant predictors of physical habitat variables in multiple linear regressions, with adjusted R(2) values ranging from 0.07 to 0.74. Inclusion Of landscape variables with physical habitat variables in multiple regression models predicting fish assemblage metrics and a fish index of biotic integrity resulted in negligible improvements over models based on our physical habitat variables. Physical habitat in wadeable Iowa streams is strongly associated with landscape characteristics. Results of this Study and previous studies Suggest that (1) landscape factors directly influence physical habitat, (2) physical habitat directly influences fish assemblages. and (3) the influence of landscape factors on fish assemblages is primarily indirect. Understanding how landscape factors, such as human land use, influence physical habitat and fish assemblages will help managers make more informed decisions for improving Iowa's wadeable streams.
C1 [Pierce, Clay L.] Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Rowe, David C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Wilton, Thomas F.] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA.
RP Pierce, CL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM cpierce@iastate.edu
FU Iowa Department of Natural Resources; Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
   Research Unit; Iowa State University Department of Natural Resource
   Ecology and Management
FX We recognize the contributions of the University of Iowa Hygienic
   Laboratory limnologists, especially Mike Birmingham, Todd Hubbard, and
   Jim Luzier, for collecting the fish data. Thanks to James Baskett, Iaian
   Bock, Matt Derry, Sara Duda, Ryan Harr, Andy Jansen, Sonya Krogh. and
   Russ Powers for help with the physical habitat surveys. Thanks to Brenda
   Van Beek for administrative support: Todd Hansen for,geographical
   information systems advice and support; Phil Dixon and Hadley Wickham
   for statistical guidance; and David Peck, Phil Kaufmann, and Marlys
   Cappaert of the USEPA Mike of Research and Development for technical
   support with site selection and data management. Comments from Phil
   Dixon, Tom Isenhart, Jeff Koch, and Mary Litvan improved this
   manuscript. Funding wits provided by the Iowa Department of Natural
   Resources, the Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the
   Iowa State University Department of Natural Resource Ecology and
   Management. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the
   U.S. Government.
NR 77
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 3
U2 14
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1333
EP 1351
DI 10.1577/M08-193.1
PG 19
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UW
UT WOS:000272025500013
ER

PT J
AU Hatten, JR
   Tiffan, KF
   Anglin, DR
   Haeseker, SL
   Skalicky, JJ
   Schaller, H
AF Hatten, James R.
   Tiffan, Kenneth F.
   Anglin, Donald R.
   Haeseker, Steven L.
   Skalicky, Joseph J.
   Schaller, Howard
TI A Spatial Model to Assess the Effects of Hydropower Operations on
   Columbia River Fall Chinook Salmon Spawning Habitat
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID REDD SITE SELECTION; CHUM SALMON; FLOW; CALIFORNIA
AB Priest Rapids Dam oil the Columbia River produces large daily and hourly stream flow fluctuations throughout the Hanford Reach during the period when fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are selecting spawning habitat, constructing redds, and actively engaged in spawning. Concern over the detrimental effects of these fluctuations prompted us to quantify the effects of variable flows oil the amount and persistence of fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the Hanford Reach. Specifically, our goal was to develop a management tool capable of quantifying the effects of current and alternative hydrographs oil predicted spawning habitat in a spatially explicit manner. Toward this goal, we modeled the water velocities and depths that fall Chinook salmon experienced during the 2004 spawning season, plus what they would probably have experienced under several alternative (i.e., synthetic) hydrographs, using both one- and two-dimensional hydrodynamic models. To estimate spawning habitat under existing or alternative hydrographs, we used cell-based modeling and logistic regression to construct and compare numerous spatial habitat models. We found that fall Chinook salmon were more likely to spawn at locations where velocities were persistently greater than 1 m/s and in areas where fluctuating water velocities were reduced. Simulations of alternative dam operations indicate that the quantity of spawning habitat is expected to increase as stream flow fluctuations are reduced during the spawning season. The spatial habitat models that we developed provide management agencies, with a quantitative tool for predicting, in a spatially explicit manner. the effects of different flow regimes oil fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat in the Hanford Reach. In addition to characterizing temporally varying habitat conditions, our research describes all analytical approach that could be applied in other highly variable aquatic systems.
C1 [Hatten, James R.; Tiffan, Kenneth F.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
   [Anglin, Donald R.; Haeseker, Steven L.; Skalicky, Joseph J.; Schaller, Howard] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Hatten, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
EM jhatten@usgs.gov
OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846
FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish
   Commission
FX We thank the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for financial and
   logistical support. Lee Hillwig and Tim Roth, USFWS, were instrumental
   in acquiring supplementary funding from the service. We thank our
   colleagues in USFWS, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Department of
   Fish and Wildlife, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, The Fish
   Passage Center, and Nugent GIS and Environmental Services who cooperated
   with project activities. Specifically, we thank Bob Heinith from the
   Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission for providing financial,
   logistical, and personnel Support. Henry Franzoni from The Fish Passage
   Center provided programming support for automated data processing. Grant
   County Public Utility District coordinated with staff to provide low
   streamflows for the CHARTS bathymetric survey. Ray Beamesderfer from S.
   P. Cramer and Associates provided insight on logistical and study
   design. Staff assisting with various aspects of this project included
   Jonathan Miller, Darren Gallion, Tad Kisaka, Bao Le, Marshall Barrows,
   David Hines, Toby Koch, John Kirby, Ryan Koch, Thomas Batt, Josh Morse,
   and Gregory George. The findings and conclusions in this Manuscript are
   those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the
   U.S. Geological Survey or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference
   to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 54
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1379
EP 1405
DI 10.1577/M08-053.1
PG 27
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UW
UT WOS:000272025500016
ER

PT J
AU Moyer, GR
   Rousey, JD
   Cantrell, MA
AF Moyer, Gregory R.
   Rousey, J. D.
   Cantrell, M. A.
TI Genetic Evaluation of a Conservation Hatchery Program for Reintroduction
   of Sicklefin Redhorse Moxostoma sp in the Tuckasegee River, North
   Carolina
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; COPPER REDHORSE; DIVERSITY; CATOSTOMIDAE;
   VARIABILITY; HUBBSI; DRIFT
AB Restoration and reintroduction efforts for the sicklefin redhorse Moxostoma sp. have been initiated by state. tribal. and federal agencies owing to the limited geographic distribution of this species and threats associated with the physical alteration of its habitat. A critical component of a Successful reintroduction is that the source and recipient populations have similar genetic resources and life history patterns. We used 10 microsatellite loci to estimate and compare indices of genetic diversity between the Little Tennessee River population of wild adults and the hatchery broodstock being used for initial reintroduction efforts. We also compared relatedness values for the broodstock used for restoration efforts. There were no significant difference,.; between hatchery broodstock and wild adults with respect to average gene diversity. but the average number of alleles for each brood year was., significantly less than thin for wild Adults. While this trend persisted when the 2007 and 2008 brood years (combined) were compared with wild adults, the reduction was not significant. Finally, all hatchery crosses were among unrelated individuals. Our results highlight the importance Of using genetic information to assist restoration and reintroduction efforts.
C1 [Moyer, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA.
   [Rousey, J. D.] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA.
   [Cantrell, M. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, 5308 Spring St, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA.
EM greg_moyer@fws.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Office of Asheville,
   North Carolina
FX We would like to thank S. Fraley, W. Russ, J. Yonce, and P. Rakes for
   sample collection. Hatchery progeny were cultured at Conservation
   Fisheries, Inc. Funding was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
   Ecological Services Office of Asheville, North Carolina, to G.R.M. We
   thank S. Clemmensen for laboratory assistance, and B. Wayman and B.
   Sloss for insightful comments, editorial assistance, and helpful
   discussion. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the
   U.S. Government.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1438
EP 1443
DI 10.1577/M08-201.1
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UW
UT WOS:000272025500020
ER

PT J
AU Pribyl, AL
   Schreck, CB
   Kent, ML
   Parker, SJ
AF Pribyl, Alena L.
   Schreck, Carl B.
   Kent, Michael L.
   Parker, Steven J.
TI The Differential Response to Decompression in Three Species of Nearshore
   Pacific Rockfish
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-BUBBLE DISEASE; BUOYANCY REGULATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; BAROTRAUMA;
   SEBASTES; BEHAVIOR; HISTOPATHOLOGY; MOVEMENTS; CAPTURE; RELEASE
AB The genus Sebastes (rockfishes) is an ecologically diverse group of fish, more than 60 species occurring off the Oregon, Washington, and California coasts. As of 2004, seven species of rockfish were classified as overfished by the Pacific Fishery Management Council. Because rockfishes often experience barotrauma to varying degrees when forced up from depth, the management of discard mortality has been difficult. In this study, the macroscopic, morphological, and physiological responses to decompression of black rockfish S. melanops, blue rockfish S. mystinus, and yellowtail rockfish S. flavidus, all nearshore species, were investigated. The rockfish were adjusted to 4.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA; 35 m) over a period of 7-10 d in hyperbaric pressure chambers and when neutrally buoyant were rapidly brought to surface pressure in a simulated ascent. They were then examined for barotrauma injury, and the heart ventricle, head kidney, liver, gill, and pseudobranch were collected for histological analysis. We observed more macroscopic barotrauma indicators in black rockfish and blue rockfish than in yellowtail rockfish. Histological analysis showed emphysema was present in the heart ventricle of more than one-half of the black rockfish, 11% of the blue rockfish, and none of the yellowtail rockfish. No other tissue had observable injury at the histological level that was attributable to barotrauma. The lack of injury at the tissue level for black, blue, and yellowtail rockfishes decompressed from 4.5 ATA is remarkable.
C1 [Pribyl, Alena L.; Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Parker, Steven J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Nelson, New Zealand.
RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM alena.pribyl@oregonstate.edu
RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016
OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259
FU Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco, California); ODFW; Oregon State
   University's Department of Fisheries and Wildlife
FX We thank Cliff Pereira for help with statistical analyses. We thank the
   personnel at ODFW (Newport, Oregon) who assisted in fish collections and
   sample collections. We thank Polly Rankin (ODFW) who assisted and taught
   us fish collection, fish husbandry, and operation of the hyperbaric
   pressure chambers. We also thank the reviewers for valuable comments.
   This research was funded by the Coastside Fishing Club (San Francisco,
   California) and ODFW. Publication of this paper was Supported in part by
   the Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund through Oregon State University's
   Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Reference to trade names (toes not
   imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 31
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1479
EP 1486
DI 10.1577/M08-234.1
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UW
UT WOS:000272025500024
ER

PT J
AU Silver, GS
   Luzier, CW
   Whitesel, TA
AF Silver, Gregory S.
   Luzier, Christina W.
   Whitesel, Timothy A.
TI Detection and Longevity of Uncured and Cured Visible Implant Elastomer
   Tags in Larval Pacific Lampreys
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID VISIBILITY; RETENTION; RECAPTURE; TROUT
AB Studies of the biology, ecology. and status of the Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata may require effective means of tagging larval Pacific lampreys. However. few assessments of the methods suitable for tagging larval Pacific lampreys have been conducted. We evaluated the performance of visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags in larval Pacific lampreys. specifically testing the effects of elastomer treatment (uncured versus cured VIE) and inspection light source (ambient light versus blue light-emitting diode [LED] flashlight.) on tag detection in 40 larvae. Through day 25 1 after tagging. tag detection was 100% for both uncured and cured VIE tags observed under ambient light and blue LED light. Longevity of uncured VIE tags was assessed in a second cohort of 32 VIE-tagged larval Pacific lampreys over a 2-year captive rearing period. Percent VIE tag detection was 91% for red tags, 90% for orange tags. and 64% for green tags through day 699 after tagging. This Study affirms that both uncured and Cured VIE tags can be effectively used to tag larval Pacific lampreys. Tagging with uncured VIE is a convenient and economical alternative to cured VIE tagging, particularly when tagging over protracted periods or small sample sizes.
C1 [Silver, Gregory S.; Luzier, Christina W.; Whitesel, Timothy A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Silver, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM gregory_silver@fws.gov
FU Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration [2000-01400]
FX Funding for this study was provided in part by the Department of Energy,
   Bonneville Power Administration Project Number 2000-01400. We thank the
   employees of AFTC for the use of laboratory space and other assistance.
   We also thank Donna Allard, Bill Brignon, Trevor Conder, Justin Cook,
   Sara Hansen, Michelle McGree, Courtney Newlon, Howard Schaller, Ryan
   Sollee, and Jen Stone for their contributions to this study. The
   findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and
   do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
   Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
   Government.
NR 21
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 5
BP 1496
EP 1501
DI 10.1577/M08-199.1
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UW
UT WOS:000272025500026
ER

PT J
AU Griffin, PC
   Mills, LS
AF Griffin, Paul C.
   Mills, L. Scott
TI Sinks without borders: snowshoe hare dynamics in a complex landscape
SO OIKOS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHWESTERN MONTANA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FRAGMENTED HABITAT; CYCLIC
   POPULATION; LEPUS-AMERICANUS; MARKED ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; RATES;
   FLUCTUATIONS; PATCHINESS
AB A full understanding of population dynamics of wide-ranging animals should account for the effects that movement and habitat use have on individual contributions to population growth or decline. Quantifying the per-capita, habitat-specific contribution to population growth can clarify the value of different patch types, and help to differentiate population sources from population sinks. Snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus, routinely use various habitat types in the landscapes they inhabit in the contiguous US, where managing forests for high snowshoe hare density is a priority for conservation of Canada lynx, Lynx canadensis. We estimated density and demographic rates via mark-recapture live trapping and radio-telemetry within four forest stand structure (FSS) types at three study areas within heterogeneous managed forests in western Montana. We found support for known fate survival models with time-varying individual covariates representing the proportion of locations in each of the FSS types, with survival rates decreasing as use of open young and open mature FSS types increased. The per-capita contribution to overall population growth increased with use of the dense mature or dense young FSS types and decreased with use of the open young or open mature FSS types, and relatively high levels of immigration appear to be necessary to sustain hares in the open FSS types. Our results support a conceptual model for snowshoe hares in the southern range in which sink habitats (open areas) prevent the buildup of high hare densities. More broadly, we use this system to develop a novel approach to quantify demographic sources and sinks for animals making routine movements through complex fragmented landscapes.
C1 [Griffin, Paul C.; Mills, L. Scott] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Griffin, PC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Olymp Field Stn, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA.
EM paul.griffin@forestry.umt.edu
RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012
OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X
FU N.S.F. [DEB-9876054, DEB-0105123]; associated R.E.U. grants; US Forest
   Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Plum Creek Timber Co.
FX This research was funded by N.S.F. grants DEB-9876054, DEB-0105123 and
   associated R.E.U. grants, US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research
   Station, and Plum Creek Timber Co. We thank Universal Medical Systems
   and the Univ. of Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit for
   equipment. We thank D. Christian, C. Henderson, K. Hodges, J. Goodburn,
   K. McKelvey, M. Lindberg, D. Pletscher, J. Runge, L. Svensson and J.
   Vucetich for manuscript review. We thank G. White, C. Schwartz and M.
   Haroldson for field and statistical advice. We thank U.S.F.S Seeley Lake
   district personnel T. Love, B. Johnson and L. Blackburn; J. Squires and
   J. Kolbe and U.S.F.S. lynx research crew; L. Bienen, J. Fuller, C.
   Gillin, S. Griffin, A. Landro, J. Newby, N. Olson and K. Sterling, L.
   Pouderoux, C. Waroquiers and three dozen field technicians and
   volunteers.
NR 54
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 3
U2 43
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0030-1299
J9 OIKOS
JI Oikos
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 118
IS 10
BP 1487
EP 1498
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17621.x
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 502DO
UT WOS:000270435300006
ER

PT J
AU Xu, MS
   Song, WZ
   Huang, RJ
   Peng, Y
   Shirazi, B
   Lahusen, R
   Kiely, A
   Peterson, N
   Ma, A
   Anusuya-Rangappa, L
   Miceli, M
   McBride, D
AF Xu, Mingsen
   Song, Wen-Zhan
   Huang, Renjie
   Peng, Yang
   Shirazi, Behrooz
   Lahusen, Richard
   Kiely, Aaron
   Peterson, Nina
   Ma, Andy
   Anusuya-Rangappa, Lohith
   Miceli, Michael
   McBride, Devin
TI Design of smart sensing components for volcano monitoring
SO PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Wireless sensor network; Volcano monitoring; Situation awareness; Time
   synchronization
AB In a volcano monitoring application, various geophysical and geochemical sensors generate continuous high-fidelity data, and there is a compelling need for real-time raw data for volcano eruption prediction research. It requires the network to support network synchronized sampling, online configurable sensing and situation awareness, which pose significant challenges on sensing component design. Ideally, the resource usages shall be driven by the environment and node situations, and the data quality is optimized under resource constraints. In this paper, we present our smart sensing component design, including hybrid time synchronization, configurable sensing, and situation awareness. Both design details and evaluation results are presented to show their efficiency. Although the presented design is for a volcano monitoring application, its design philosophy and framework can also apply to other similar applications and platforms. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Mingsen; Song, Wen-Zhan; Huang, Renjie; Peng, Yang; Ma, Andy] Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA.
   [Kiely, Aaron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Lahusen, Richard] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA.
   [Shirazi, Behrooz; Peterson, Nina; Anusuya-Rangappa, Lohith] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99163 USA.
   [Miceli, Michael] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [McBride, Devin] Seattle Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Seattle, WA 98122 USA.
RP Song, WZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sensorweb Res Lab, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA.
EM mingsen_xu@wsu.edu; songwz@wsu.edu; renjie_huang@wsu.edu;
   yang_peng@wsu.edu; shirazi@wsu.edu; rlahusen@usgs.gov;
   Aaron.B.Kiely@jpl.nasa.gov; npicone@eecs.wsu.edu; hama@wsu.edu;
   lanusuya@eecs.wsu.edu; mmicel2@lsu.edu; mcbrided@seattleu.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ESTO AIST program;
   U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazard program [NNX06AE42G]; USGS
   Cascades Volcano Observatory; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
FX This work is supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration
   (NASA) ESTO AIST program and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano
   Hazard program under the research grant NNX06AE42G. Partial results of
   this paper was published in [Y. Peng, R. Lahusen, B. Shirazi, W. Song,
   Design of smart sensing component for volcano monitoring, in: the 4th
   IET International Conference on Intelligent Environments, 2008].; This
   work was done in the OASIS project (http://sensorweb.vancouver.wsu.edu).
   We greatly appreciate the supports from USGS Cascades Volcano
   Observatory (John Pallister, Dan Dzurisin, Seth Moran, Mike Lisowski)
   and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Steve Chien, Sharon Kedar, Frank
   Webb, Joshua Doubleday, Danny Tran, Ashley Davies).
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-1192
J9 PERVASIVE MOB COMPUT
JI Pervasive Mob. Comput.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 5
IS 5
BP 639
EP 653
DI 10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.06.004
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Telecommunications
GA V24FN
UT WOS:000208396400019
ER

PT J
AU Rocchini, D
   Nagendra, H
   Ghate, R
   Cade, BS
AF Rocchini, Duccio
   Nagendra, Harini
   Ghate, Rucha
   Cade, Brian S.
TI Spectral Distance Decay: Assessing Species Beta-diversity by Quantile
   Regression
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL DRY FORESTS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SOUTH FLORIDA; LAND-COVER;
   SIMILARITY; BIODIVERSITY; RESOLUTION; LANDSCAPE; RICHNESS; PATTERNS
AB Remotely sensed data represents key information for characterizing and estimating biodiversity. Spectral distance among sites has proven to be a powerful approach for detecting species composition variability. Regression analysis of species similarity versus spectral distance may allow us to quantitatively estimate how beta-diversity in species changes with respect to spectral and ecological variability. In classical regression analysis, the residual sum of squares is minimized for the mean of the dependent variable distribution. However, many ecological datasets are characterized by a high number of zeroes that can add noise to the regression model. Quantile regression can be used to evaluate trend in the upper quantiles rather than a mean trend across the whole distribution of the dependent variable. In this paper, we used ordinary least square (OLS) and quantile regression to estimate the decay of species similarity versus spectral distance. The achieved decay rates were statistically nonzero (p < 0.05) considering both OLS and quantile regression. Nonetheless, OLS regression estimate of mean decay rate was only half the decay rate indicated by the upper quantiles. Moreover, the intercept value, representing the similarity reached when spectral distance approaches zero, was very low compared with the intercepts of upper quantiles, which detected high species similarity when habitats are more similar. In this paper we demonstrated the power of using quantile regressions applied to spectral distance decay in order to reveal species diversity patterns otherwise lost or underestimated by ordinary least square regression.
C1 [Rocchini, Duccio] Univ Siena, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali G Sarfatti, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
   [Nagendra, Harini] Ashoka Trust Res Ecol & Environm, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, India.
   [Nagendra, Harini] Indiana Univ, Ctr Study Inst Populat & Environm Change, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
   [Ghate, Rucha] Inst Res & Dev, SHODH, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, India.
   [Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Rocchini, D (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali G Sarfatti, Via PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
EM rocchini@unisi.it
RI Nagendra, Harini/A-9103-2009; Rocchini, Duccio/B-6742-2011; 
OI Nagendra, Harini/0000-0002-1585-0724
FU Branco Weiss: Society in Science Fellowship
FX We are particularly grateful to the Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Russell G.
   Congalton, and the two anonymous referees for useful insights made on a
   previous draft of the paper. We are particularly grateful to G. Bacaro
   and B. Waltermire for comments on a previous version of the paper. We
   thank the Maharashtra Forest Department for providing us with the
   permissions to conduct field research, and local communities for
   assisting with data collection. Financial assistance to H. Nagendra from
   the Branco Weiss: Society in Science Fellowship is gratefully
   acknowledged. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
   descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
   Government.
NR 42
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 75
IS 10
BP 1225
EP 1230
PG 6
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
   Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 506TM
UT WOS:000270799200007
ER

PT J
AU Lockner, DA
   Tanaka, H
   Ito, H
   Ikeda, R
   Omura, K
   Naka, H
AF Lockner, David A.
   Tanaka, Hidemi
   Ito, Hisao
   Ikeda, Ryuji
   Omura, Kentaro
   Naka, Hisanobu
TI Geometry of the Nojima Fault at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan - I. A Simple
   Damage Structure Inferred from Borehole Core Permeability
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Nojima fault; fault structure; permeability; strength; Kobe earthquake
ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; KARADERE-DUZCE BRANCH; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT;
   INTERNAL STRUCTURE; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; TRAPPED WAVES; ZONE; GRANITE;
   EARTHQUAKE; ROCKS
AB The 1995 Kobe (Hyogo-ken Nanbu) earthquake, M = 7.2, ruptured the Nojima fault in southwest Japan. We have studied core samples taken from two scientific drillholes that crossed the fault zone SW of the epicentral region on Awaji Island. The shallower hole, drilled by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ), was started 75 m to the SE of the surface trace of the Nojima fault and crossed the fault at a depth of 624 m. A deeper hole, drilled by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) was started 302 m to the SE of the fault and crossed fault strands below a depth of 1140 m. We have measured strength and matrix permeability of core samples taken from these two drillholes. We find a strong correlation between permeability and proximity to the fault zone shear axes. The half-width of the high permeability zone (approximately 15 to 25 m) is in good agreement with the fault zone width inferred from trapped seismic wave analysis and other evidence. The fault zone core or shear axis contains clays with permeabilities of approximately 0.1 to 1 microdarcy at 50 MPa effective confining pressure (10 to 30 microdarcy at in situ pressures). Within a few meters of the fault zone core, the rock is highly fractured but has sustained little net shear. Matrix permeability of this zone is approximately 30 to 60 microdarcy at 50 MPa effective confining pressure (300 to 1000 microdarcy at in situ pressures). Outside this damage zone, matrix permeability drops below 0.01 microdarcy. The clay-rich core material has the lowest strength with a coefficient of friction of approximately 0.55. Shear strength increases with distance from the shear axis. These permeability and strength observations reveal a simple fault zone structure with a relatively weak fine-grained core surrounded by a damage zone of fractured rock. In this case, the damage zone will act as a high-permeability conduit for vertical and horizontal flow in the plane of the fault. The fine-grained core region, however, will impede fluid flow across the fault.
C1 [Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Tanaka, Hidemi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan.
   [Ito, Hisao] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Ctr Deep Earth Explorat, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
   [Ikeda, Ryuji] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan.
   [Omura, Kentaro] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
   [Naka, Hisanobu] Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
RP Lockner, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dlockner@usgs.gov
NR 40
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 9
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
EI 1420-9136
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 166
IS 10-11
BP 1649
EP 1667
DI 10.1007/s00024-009-0515-0
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 500HM
UT WOS:000270289500006
ER

PT J
AU Moore, DE
   Lockner, DA
   Ito, H
   Ikeda, R
   Tanaka, H
   Omura, K
AF Moore, Diane E.
   Lockner, David A.
   Ito, Hisao
   Ikeda, Riuji
   Tanaka, Hidemi
   Omura, Kentaro
TI Geometry of the Nojima Fault at Nojima-Hirabayashi, Japan - II.
   Microstructures and their Implications for Permeability and Strength
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Fault zone; microstructures; secondary mineralization; permeability;
   strength
ID KEN NANBU-EARTHQUAKE; 1995 KOBE EARTHQUAKE; AWAJI ISLAND; SOUTHWEST
   JAPAN; FRICTIONAL STRENGTH; CORE SAMPLES; DRILL CORE; ZONE; MECHANISMS;
   MICROCRACKS
AB Samples of damage-zone granodiorite and fault core from two drillholes into the active, strike-slip Nojima fault zone display microstructures and alteration features that explain their measured present-day strengths and permeabilities and provide insight on the evolution of these properties in the fault zone. The least deformed damage-zone rocks contain two sets of nearly perpendicular (60-90A degrees angles), roughly vertical fractures that are concentrated in quartz-rich areas, with one set typically dominating over the other. With increasing intensity of deformation, which corresponds generally to increasing proximity to the core, zones of heavily fragmented rock, termed microbreccia zones, develop between prominent fractures of both sets. Granodiorite adjoining intersecting microbreccia zones in the active fault strands has been repeatedly fractured and locally brecciated, accompanied by the generation of millimeter-scale voids that are partly filled with secondary minerals. Minor shear bands overprint some of the heavily deformed areas, and small-scale shear zones form from the pairing of closely spaced shear bands. Strength and permeability measurements were made on core collected from the fault within a year after a major (Kobe) earthquake. Measured strengths of the samples decrease regularly with increasing fracturing and fragmentation, such that the gouge of the fault core and completely brecciated samples from the damage zone are the weakest. Permeability increases with increasing disruption, generally reaching a peak in heavily fractured but still more or less cohesive rock at the scale of the laboratory samples. Complete loss of cohesion, as in the gouge or the interiors of large microbreccia zones, is accompanied by a reduction of permeability by 1-2 orders of magnitude below the peak values. The core samples show abundant evidence of hydrothermal alteration and mineral precipitation. Permeability is thus expected to decrease and strength to increase somewhat in active fault strands between earthquakes, as mineral deposits progressively seal fractures and fill pore spaces.
C1 [Moore, Diane E.; Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Ito, Hisao] Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
   [Ito, Hisao] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Ctr Deep Earth Explorat, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
   [Ikeda, Riuji; Omura, Kentaro] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
   [Ikeda, Riuji] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan.
   [Tanaka, Hidemi] Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
   [Tanaka, Hidemi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Moore, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dmoore@usgs.gov
NR 39
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 7
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 166
IS 10-11
BP 1669
EP 1691
DI 10.1007/s00024-009-0513-2
PG 23
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 500HM
UT WOS:000270289500007
ER

PT J
AU Beeler, NM
AF Beeler, N. M.
TI Constructing Constitutive Relationships for Seismic and Aseismic Fault
   Slip
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Friction; dynamic fault slip; brittle ductile transition
ID TIME-DEPENDENT FRICTION; STICK-SLIP; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; APPARENT
   STRESS; QUARTZ GOUGE; EARTHQUAKES; ROCK; TEMPERATURE; FRACTURE; GRANITE
AB For the purpose of modeling natural fault slip, a useful result from an experimental fault mechanics study would be a physically-based constitutive relation that well characterizes all the relevant observations. This report describes an approach for constructing such equations. Where possible the construction intends to identify or, at least, attribute physical processes and contact scale physics to the observations such that the resulting relations can be extrapolated in conditions and scale between the laboratory and the Earth. The approach is developed as an alternative but is based on Ruina (1983) and is illustrated initially by constructing a couple of relations from that study. In addition, two example constitutive relationships are constructed; these describe laboratory observations not well-modeled by Ruina's equations: the unexpected shear-induced weakening of silica-rich rocks at high slip speed (Goldsby and Tullis, 2002) and fault strength in the brittle ductile transition zone (Shimamoto, 1986). The examples, provided as illustration, may also be useful for quantitative modeling.
C1 [Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
   [Beeler, N. M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Beeler, N. M.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Observ, 1300 Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM nbeeler@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey; Southern California Earthquake Center; NSF
   [EAR0106924]; USGS [02HQAG0008]
FX Discussion or correspondence with D. Goldsby, T. Tullis, D. Lockner, T.
   Shimamoto, G. DiToro, J. D. Weeks, M. Nakatani, J. Dieterich, G. Hirth
   and J. Rice are gratefully acknowledged. Unpublished notes by Jim Rice
   of his work with G. Perrin on the quadratic state relation were
   particularly helpful and influential. The paper was enhanced in response
   to comments by J. Gomberg, M. Boettcher, two anonymous reviewers and the
   associated editor Y. Ben Zion. The first anonymous reviewer found
   conceptual and mathematical errors in the original draft. The associate
   editor and reviewer guided the correction of these errors through an
   extra round of review. Many thanks to them. This research was supported
   by the US Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake
   Center. Research at SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement
   EAR0106924 and USGS Cooperative Agreement 02HQAG0008. This is SCEC
   contribution 1263.
NR 56
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
EI 1420-9136
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 166
IS 10-11
BP 1775
EP 1798
DI 10.1007/s00024-009-0523-0
PG 24
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 500HM
UT WOS:000270289500011
ER

PT J
AU Normark, WR
   Paull, CK
   Caress, DW
   Ussler, W
   Sliter, R
AF Normark, William R.
   Paull, Charles K.
   Caress, David W.
   Ussler, William, III
   Sliter, Ray
TI Fine-scale relief related to Late Holocene channel shifting within the
   floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California
SO SEDIMENTOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Flow-stripping; scours; submarine canyons; submarine fans; turbidite
ID UPPER MONTEREY CANYON; NAVY SUBMARINE FAN; CYCLIC STEPS; TURBIDITY
   CURRENTS; SEDIMENT WAVES; ERODIBLE BED; SANTA-MONICA; SEA-LEVEL; C-14
   DATA; LOBE
AB Erosional and depositional bedforms have been imaged at outcrop scale in the upper Redondo Fan, in the San Pedro Basin of offshore Southern California in >= 600 m water depths, using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle is equipped with multibeam and chirp sub-bottom sonars. Sampling and photographic images using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Remotely Operated Vehicle Tiburon provide groundtruth for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle survey. The 0 center dot 3 m vertical and 1 center dot 5 m lateral bathymetric resolution and 0 center dot 1 m sub-bottom profile resolution provide unprecedented detail of bedform morphology and structure. Multiple channels within the Redondo Fan have been active at different times during the Late Holocene (0 to 3000 yr bp). The currently active channel extending from Redondo Canyon makes an abrupt 90 degrees turn at the canyon mouth before resuming a south-easterly course along the east side of the Redondo Fan. This channel is floored by sand and characterized by small steps generally < 1 m in relief, spaced 10 to 80 m in the down-channel direction. A broader channel complex lies along the western side of the fan valley that was last active more than 850 years ago. Two distinct trains of large scours, with widths ranging from tens to a few hundred metres and depths of 20 m, occur on the floor of the western channel complex, which has a thin mud drape. If observed in cross-section only, these large scours would probably be misidentified as the thalweg of an active channel.
C1 [Normark, William R.; Sliter, Ray] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Paull, Charles K.; Caress, David W.; Ussler, William, III] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
RP Normark, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM Paull@mbari.org
OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation
FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided support for both field
   operations. Special thanks to the crews of the R/V Western Flyer and R/V
   Zephyr, the pilots of the ROV Tiburon and the AUV operators. The authors
   thank Pete Dartnell (USGS) for providing the multibeam images of the San
   Pedro Basin and Redondo Fan. Brian Romans (Stanford University) was
   instrumental in obtaining the CCD photographs of the vibracores and Mary
   McGann (USGS) prepared the samples for radiocarbon dating. Belen Alonso,
   Andrea Fildani, Homa Lee, Dave Piper and Dave Twichell provided
   beneficial manuscript reviews.
NR 51
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0037-0746
J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY
JI Sedimentology
PD OCT
PY 2009
VL 56
IS 6
BP 1690
EP 1704
DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x
PG 15
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 495GG
UT WOS:000269878000006
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, ZJ
   Bai, ZM
   Mooney, W
   Wang, CY
   Chen, XB
   Wang, E
   Teng, JW
   Okaya, N
AF Zhang, Zhongjie
   Bai, Zhiming
   Mooney, Walter
   Wang, Chunyong
   Chen, Xuebo
   Wang, Erchie
   Teng, Jiwen
   Okaya, Nihal
TI Crustal structure across the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze platform,
   central China, from seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data
SO TECTONOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Yangtze platform; Zigui basin; Huangling dome; Jianghan basin; P-wave
   velocities; Composition
ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE CALCULATION; SOUTH CHINA; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; VELOCITY
   STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; BASIN DEVELOPMENT; TIBETAN PLATEAU;
   EASTERN CHINA; SOUNDING DATA; KENYA RIFT
AB We present active-source seismic data recorded along a 300 km-long profile across the Three Gorges area of the western Yangtze platform, central China. From west to east, the profile crosses the Zigui basin, Huangling dome and Jianghan basin. The derived crustal P-wave velocity structure changes significantly across the Tongchenghe fault that lies at the transition from the Huangling dome to the Jianghan basin. West of the Tongchenghe fault, beneath the Zigui basin and the Huangling dome, we observe a similar to 42 km thick crust of relatively low average velocity (6.3-6.4 km/s). In contrast, east of the Tongchenghe fault. beneath the Jianghan basin, the crust is only 30 km thick and has a high average velocity (6.6-6.7 km/s). A west-east variation in crustal composition along the Tongchenghe fault is also inferred. West of the fault, P-wave velocities suggest a felsic composition with an intermediate layer at the base of the crust, whilst, east of the fault, felsic, intermediate, and mafic crustal layers are apparent. Our results suggest that the crust beneath the Jianghan basin has been thinned by rifting, accompanied by intrusion of the lower crust by mafic dikes and sills. The west-to-east division of the crust in the Three Gorges area coincides with first-order geophysical contrasts in gravity, topography, crustal and lithospheric thickness. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Zhongjie; Bai, Zhiming; Wang, Erchie; Teng, Jiwen] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Mooney, Walter; Okaya, Nihal] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Wang, Chunyong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xuebo] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Dynam Deformat, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
RP Zhang, ZJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM zhangzj@mail.iggcasaccn; mooney@usgs.gov
FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-132]; National Nature Science
   Foundation of China [40721003, 40830315]; Ministry of Science and
   Technology of China
FX The study was financially supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences
   (KZCX2-YW-132), the National Nature Science Foundation of China
   (40721003, 40830315), and the Ministry of Science and Technology of
   China. The authors appreciate the field acquisition by the China
   Earthquake Administration. Comments by P.R. Reddy and N. Knepprath
   improved the text. Fig. 1b was made by N. Knepprath. We thank J.E.
   Vidale and C.A. Zelt for providing inversion software used in this
   study. Constructive suggestions from H. Thybo, J.E. Vidale and another
   anonymous reviewer improved the study.
NR 55
TC 28
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0040-1951
EI 1879-3266
J9 TECTONOPHYSICS
JI Tectonophysics
PD OCT 1
PY 2009
VL 475
IS 3-4
BP 423
EP 437
DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.022
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 542UP
UT WOS:000273524100002
ER

PT J
AU Forsman, ZH
   Birkeland, C
AF Forsman, Zac H.
   Birkeland, Charles
TI Porites randalli: a new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from
   American Samoa
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE Cnidaria; Scleractinia; Porites; Poritidae; new species; American Samoa
AB A new species of scleractinian coral, Porites randalli spec. nov. (Scleractinia, Poritidae), previously known as Porites sp. 2, is described from American Samoa. P. randalli typically forms small pale green colonies that are usually < 5 cm in diameter, with a surface reticulated with small (0.5 cm(-2) cm) nubbins or protuberances. Colonies have been observed between 1-12 m depths in a variety of reef habitats and are among the most common corals in American Samoa. Corallites are approximately 1 mm in diameter and are sunken with a visible ring of pali. The columella is either lacking or small, with 1,2 or no radii, six pali (five large and a small one on the dorsal septum). Corallite walls rise gradually with concentric rows of denticles. Porites randalli spec. nov. is an example of cryptic diversity; it is a small coral that at first glance can be overlooked or mistaken for a young colony of other species.
C1 [Forsman, Zac H.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
   [Birkeland, Charles] Univ Hawaii Manoa, US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Forsman, ZH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
EM zac@hawaii.edu
FU Government of American Samoa's Coral Reef Advisory Group; Department of
   Marine and Wildlife Resources; NOAA Marine Sanctuaries Program; National
   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04NOS4260172]
FX We wish to commend the Government of American Samoa's Coral Reef
   Advisory Group and Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, and the
   NOAA Marine Sanctuaries Program, in their continual sponsorship of
   monitoring of their marine resources. We thank Daniel J. Barshis for
   assistance, and Gustav Paulay and Carden Wallace for suggestions that
   improved the manuscript. ZHF was supported by funding from the National
   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Sponsored Coastal
   Ocean Research, under awards # NA04NOS4260172 to the University of
   Hawaii for the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative. The use of trade, firm, or
   corporation names in this publication is for the convenience of the
   reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval
   by the U. S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion of
   others that may be suitable.
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 1
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD OCT 1
PY 2009
IS 2244
BP 51
EP 59
PG 9
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 501OX
UT WOS:000270392300002
ER

PT J
AU ten Brink, US
   Barkan, R
   Andrews, BD
   Chaytor, JD
AF ten Brink, U. S.
   Barkan, R.
   Andrews, B. D.
   Chaytor, J. D.
TI Size distributions and failure initiation of submarine and subaerial
   landslides
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Inverse Power Law; Lognormal distribution; Continental slope; US East
   Coast; Ground shaking; Landslides; Slope stability; Northridge
   earthquake; Self-organized criticality
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; GRAND-BANKS EARTHQUAKE; EASTERN
   NORTH-AMERICA; MASS MOVEMENTS; TSUNAMI HAZARD; DEBRIS FLOWS; PREDICTION;
   MAGNITUDE; EVOLUTION; MARGIN
AB Landslides are often viewed together with other natural hazards, such as earthquakes and fires, as phenomena whose size distribution obeys an inverse power law. Inverse power law distributions are the result of additive avalanche processes. in which the final size cannot be predicted at the onset of the disturbance. Volume and area distributions of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope follow a lognormal distribution and not an inverse power law. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we generated area distributions of submarine landslides that show a characteristic size and with few smaller and larger areas, which can be described well by a lognormal distribution. To generate these distributions we assumed that the area of slope failure depends on earthquake magnitude, i.e., that failure occurs simultaneously over the area affected by horizontal ground shaking, and does not cascade from nucleating points. Furthermore, the downslope movement of displaced sediments does not entrain significant amounts of additional material. Our simulations fit well the area distribution of landslide sources along the Atlantic continental margin, if we assume that the slope has been subjected to earthquakes of magnitude <= 6.3. Regions of submarine landslides, whose area distributions obey inverse power laws, may be controlled by different generation mechanisms. such as the gradual development of fractures in the headwalls of cliffs. The observation of a large number of small subaerial landslides being triggered by a single earthquake is also compatible with the hypothesis that failure occurs simultaneously in many locations within the area affected by ground shaking. Unlike submarine landslides, which are found on large uniformly-dipping slopes, a single large landslide scarp cannot form on land because of the heterogeneous morphology and short slope distances of tectonically-active subaerial regions. However, for a given earthquake magnitude, the total area affected by subaerial landslides is comparable to that calculated by slope stability analysis for submarine landslides. The area distribution of subaerial landslides from a single event may be determined by the size distribution of the morphology of the affected area, not by the initiation process. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [ten Brink, U. S.; Andrews, B. D.; Chaytor, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Barkan, R.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM utenbrink@usgs.gov
RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; 
OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400
FU U.S.-NRC [N6480]
FX Discussions with Andy Solow and helpful reviews by Eric Geist, Homa Lee,
   and Niels Hovius are gratefully acknowledged. Jeff Coe provided the
   digital elevation model used in Fig. 9 and Dave Mosher provided details
   about the 1929 Grand Banks landslide. Work was partially funded by
   U.S.-NRC grant N6480 Physical study of tsunami sources.
NR 60
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD SEP 30
PY 2009
VL 287
IS 1-2
BP 31
EP 42
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.031
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 513ZC
UT WOS:000271361800004
ER

PT J
AU Peters, NE
AF Peters, Norman E.
TI Effects of urbanization on stream water quality in the city of Atlanta,
   Georgia, USA
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE urbanization; stream water quality; nutrients; bacteria; major ions;
   weathering; monitoring
ID URBAN RUNOFF WATERS; 1ST FLUSH LOAD; HEAVY-METALS; STORMWATER QUALITY;
   UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; POLLUTION; IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; HYDROLOGY
AB A long-term stream water quality monitoring network was established in the city of Atlanta, Georgia during 2003 to assess baseline water quality conditions and the effects of urbanization on stream water quality. Routine hydrologically based manual stream sampling, including several concurrent manual point and equal width increment sampling, was conducted similar to 12 times annually at 21 stations, with drainage areas ranging from 3.7 to 232 km(2). Eleven of the stations are real-time (RT) stations having continuous measures of stream stage/discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature and turbidity, and automatic samplers for stormwater collection. Samples were analyzed for field parameters, and a broad suite of water quality and sediment-related constituents. Field parameters and concentrations of major ions, metals, nutrient species and coliform bacteria among stations were evaluated and with respect to watershed characteristics and plausible sources from 2003 through September 2007. Most constituent concentrations are much higher than nearby reference streams. Concentrations are statistically different among stations for several constituents, despite high variability both within and among stations. Routine manual sampling, automatic sampling during stormflows and RT water quality monitoring provided sufficient information about urban stream water quality variability to evaluate causes of water quality differences among streams. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations of most Samples exceeded Georgia's water quality standard for any water-usage class. High chloride concentrations occur at three stations and are hypothesized to be associated with discharges of chlorinated combined sewer overflows, drainage of swimming pool(s) and dissolution and transport during rainstorms of CaCl(2), a deicing salt applied to roads during winter storms. One stream was affected by dissolution and transport of ammonium alum [NH(4)Al(SO(4))(2)] from an alum-manufacturing plant; streamwater has low pH (<5), low alkalinity and high metals concentrations. Several trace metals exceed acute and chronic water quality standards and high concentrations are attributed to washoff from impervious surfaces. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA.
RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd,Suite 130, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA.
EM nepeters@usgs.gov
NR 58
TC 21
Z9 27
U1 14
U2 113
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0885-6087
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD SEP 30
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 20
BP 2860
EP 2878
DI 10.1002/hyp.7373
PG 19
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 506LN
UT WOS:000270776400002
ER

PT J
AU Hinkle, SR
   Kauffman, LJ
   Thomas, MA
   Brown, CJ
   McCarthy, KA
   Eberts, SM
   Rosen, MR
   Katz, BG
AF Hinkle, Stephen R.
   Kauffman, Leon J.
   Thomas, Mary Ann
   Brown, Craig J.
   McCarthy, Kathy A.
   Eberts, Sandra M.
   Rosen, Michael R.
   Katz, Brian G.
TI Combining particle-tracking and geochemical data to assess public supply
   well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Vulnerability; Particle-tracking; Arsenic; Uranium; Classification tree
   analysis; Principal components analysis
ID IN-GROUND WATER; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; DRINKING-WATER; SEDIMENTS;
   AQUIFER; TREE; REDUCTION; QUALITY; RELEASE
AB Flow-model particle-tracking results and geochemical data from seven study areas across the United States were analyzed using three statistical methods to test the hypothesis that these variables can successfully be used to assess public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and uranium. Principal components analysis indicated that arsenic and uranium concentrations were associated with particle-tracking variables that simulate time of travel and water fluxes through aquifer systems and also through specific redox and pH zones within aquifers. Time-of-travel variables are important because many geochemical reactions are kinetically limited, and geochemical zonation can account for different modes of mobilization and fate. Spearman correlation analysis established statistical significance for correlations of arsenic and uranium concentrations with variables derived using the particle-tracking routines. Correlations between uranium concentrations and particle-tracking variables were generally strongest for variables computed for distinct redox zones. Classification tree analysis on arsenic concentrations yielded a quantitative categorical model using time-of-travel variables and solid-phase-arsenic concentrations. The classification tree model accuracy on the learning data subset was 70%, and on the testing data subset, 79%, demonstrating one application in which particle-tracking variables can be used predictively in a quantitative screening-level assessment of public supply well vulnerability. Ground-water management actions that are based on avoidance of young ground water, reflecting the premise that young ground water is more vulnerable to anthropogenic contaminants than is old ground water, may inadvertently lead to increased vulnerability to natural contaminants due to the tendency for concentrations of many natural contaminants to increase with increasing ground-water residence time. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hinkle, Stephen R.; McCarthy, Kathy A.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   [Kauffman, Leon J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
   [Thomas, Mary Ann; Eberts, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA.
   [Brown, Craig J.] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA.
   [Rosen, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA.
   [Katz, Brian G.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
RP Hinkle, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
EM srhinkle@usgs.gov; lkauff@usgs.gov; mathomas@usgs.gov; cjbrown@usgs.gov;
   mccarthy@usgs.gov; smeberts@usgs.gov; mrosen@usgs.gov; bkatz@usgs.gov
RI Rosen, Michael/D-6091-2015; 
OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293
FU USGS NAWQA Program
FX This work was funded by the USGS NAWQA Program. Sarah J. Ryker and Alan
   H. Welch contributed to the development of the project design. Jeffrey
   N. Grossman, Andrew E. Grosz, David B. Smith, Steven M. Smith and V.
   Cory Stephens provided solid-phase data and guidance.
NR 55
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD SEP 30
PY 2009
VL 376
IS 1-2
BP 132
EP 142
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.020
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 506FK
UT WOS:000270759400013
ER

PT J
AU Webley, P
   Mastin, L
AF Webley, Peter
   Mastin, Larry
TI Improved prediction and tracking of volcanic ash clouds
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE volcanic ash clouds; eruption source parameters; hazard assessment
ID TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE;
   GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; REDOUBT VOLCANO; ERUPTION CLOUD; MODEL; ALASKA;
   VOLUME; VALIDATION
AB During the past 30 years, more than 100 airplanes have inadvertently flown through clouds of volcanic ash from erupting volcanoes. Such encounters have caused millions of dollars in damage to the aircraft and have endangered the lives of tens of thousands of passengers. in a few severe cases, total engine failure resulted when ash was ingested into turbines and coating turbine blades. These incidents have prompted the establishment of cooperative efforts by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the volcanological community to provide rapid notification of eruptive activity, and to monitor and forecast the trajectories of ash clouds so that they can be avoided by air traffic. Ash-cloud properties such as plume height, ash concentration, and three-dimensional ash distribution have been monitored through non-conventional remote sensing techniques that are under active development. Forecasting the trajectories of ash clouds has required the development of volcanic ash transport and dispersion models that can calculate the path of an ash cloud over the scale of a continent or a hemisphere. Volcanological inputs to these models, such as plume height, mass eruption rate, eruption duration, ash distribution with altitude, and grain-size distribution, must be assigned in real time during an event, often with limited observations. Databases and protocols are currently being developed that allow for rapid assignment of such source parameters. In this paper, we summarize how an interdisciplinary working group on eruption source parameters has been instigating research to improve upon the current understanding of volcanic ash cloud characterization and predictions. Improved predictions of ash cloud movement and air fail will aid in making better hazard assessments for aviation and for public health and air quality. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Webley, Peter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARSC, AVO, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Mastin, Larry] US Geol Survey, CVO, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Webley, P (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARSC, AVO, 909 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu; lgmastin@usgs.gov
RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015
OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151
NR 85
TC 25
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD SEP 30
PY 2009
VL 186
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.10.022
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 498DN
UT WOS:000270117100001
ER

PT J
AU Mastin, LG
   Guffanti, M
   Servranckx, R
   Webley, P
   Barsotti, S
   Dean, K
   Durant, A
   Ewert, JW
   Neri, A
   Rose, WI
   Schneider, D
   Siebert, L
   Stunder, B
   Swanson, G
   Tupper, A
   Volentik, A
   Waythomas, CF
AF Mastin, L. G.
   Guffanti, M.
   Servranckx, R.
   Webley, P.
   Barsotti, S.
   Dean, K.
   Durant, A.
   Ewert, J. W.
   Neri, A.
   Rose, W. I.
   Schneider, D.
   Siebert, L.
   Stunder, B.
   Swanson, G.
   Tupper, A.
   Volentik, A.
   Waythomas, C. F.
TI A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to
   models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE volcanic eruption; aircraft; volcanic plumes; ash clouds
ID TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MOUNT ST-HELENS;
   KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; THERMAL DISEQUILIBRIUM; PARTICLE AGGREGATION;
   MIYAKEJIMA VOLCANO; PLINIAN ERUPTIONS; COLUMN DYNAMICS; REDOUBT VOLCANO
AB During volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDs) are used to forecast the location and movement of ash clouds over hours to days in order to define hazards to aircraft and to communities downwind. Those models use input parameters, called "eruption source parameters", such as plume height H, mass eruption rate M, duration D, and the mass fraction m(63) oferupted debris finer than about 4 phi or 63 mu m, which can remain in the cloud for many hours or days. Observational constraints on the value of such parameters are frequently unavailable in the first minutes or hours after an eruption is detected. Moreover, observed plume height may change during an eruption, requiring rapid assignment of new parameters. This paper reports on a group effort to improve the accuracy of source parameters used by VATDs in the early hours of an eruption. We do so by first compiling a list of eruptions for which these parameters are well constrained. and then using these data to review and update previously studied parameter relationships. We find that the existing scatter in plots of H versus Myields an uncertainty within the 50% confidence interval of plus or minus a factor of four in eruption rate for a given plume height This scatter is not clearly attributable to biases in measurement techniques or to well-recognized processes such as elutriation from pyroclastic flows. Sparse data on total grain-size distribution suggest that the mass fraction of fine debris m(63) could vary by nearly two orders of magnitude between small basaltic eruptions (similar to 0.01) and large silicic ones (>0.5). We classify eleven eruption types; four types each for different sizes of silicic and mafic eruptions; submarine eruptions; "brief' or Vulcanian eruptions; and eruptions that generate co-ignimbrite or co-pyroclastic flow plumes. For each eruption type we assign source parameters. We then assign a characteristic eruption type to each of the world's similar to 1500 Holocene volcanoes. These eruption types and associated parameters can be used for ash-cloud modeling in the event of an eruption, when no observational constraints on these parameters are available. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Mastin, L. G.; Ewert, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
   [Guffanti, M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
   [Servranckx, R.] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
   [Webley, P.; Dean, K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA.
   [Barsotti, S.; Neri, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
   [Durant, A.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
   [Rose, W. I.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Engn Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
   [Schneider, D.; Waythomas, C. F.] USGS Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA.
   [Siebert, L.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
   [Stunder, B.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Swanson, G.] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA.
   [Tupper, A.] Bur Meteorol, Casuarina, NT, Australia.
   [Volentik, A.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM lgmastin@usgs.gov
RI Neri, Augusto/A-1623-2009; Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011; Durant,
   Adam/C-7883-2014; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Stunder,
   Barbara/C-3106-2016
OI Neri, Augusto/0000-0002-3536-3624; Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462;
   Durant, Adam/0000-0002-0198-7332; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; 
NR 101
TC 201
Z9 204
U1 5
U2 60
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD SEP 30
PY 2009
VL 186
IS 1-2
BP 10
EP 21
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.008
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 498DN
UT WOS:000270117100002
ER

PT J
AU Webley, PW
   Dehn, J
   Lovick, J
   Dean, KG
   Bailey, JE
   Valcic, L
AF Webley, P. W.
   Dehn, J.
   Lovick, J.
   Dean, K. G.
   Bailey, J. E.
   Valcic, L.
TI Near-real-time volcanic ash cloud detection: Experiences from the Alaska
   Volcano Observatory
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE volcanic ash; satellite data; remote sensing; operational monitoring
ID SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; AUTOMATED DETECTION; 2001 ERUPTION; AVHRR;
   RETRIEVAL; FAILURES; CLEVELAND; HAZARD; MODEL
AB Volcanic eruptions produce ash clouds, which are a major hazard to population centers and the aviation community. Within the North Pacific (NOPAC) region, there have been numerous volcanic ash clouds that have reached aviation routes. Others have closed airports and traveled for thousands of kilometers. Being able to detect these ash clouds and then provide an assessment of their potential movement is essential for hazard assessment and mitigation. Remote sensing satellite data, through the reverse absorption or split window method, is used to detect these volcanic ash clouds, with a negative signal produced from spectrally semi-transparent ash clouds. Single channel satellite is used to detect the early eruption spectrally opaque ash clouds. Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion (VATD) models are used to provide a forecast of the ash clouds' future location. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) remote sensing ash detection system automatically analyzes satellite data of volcanic ash clouds, detecting new ash clouds and also providing alerts, both email and text, to those with AVO. However, there are also non-volcanic related features across the NOPAC region that can produce a negative signal. These can complicate alerts and warning of impending ash clouds. Discussions and examples are shown of these non-volcanic features and some analysis is provided on how these features can be discriminated from volcanic ash clouds. Finally, there is discussion on how information of the ash cloud such as location, particle size and concentrations, could be used as VATD model initialization. These model forecasts could then provide an improved assessment of the clouds' future movement. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Webley, P. W.; Bailey, J. E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Webley, P. W.; Dehn, J.; Lovick, J.; Dean, K. G.; Bailey, J. E.; Valcic, L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu
RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015
OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151
FU Arctic Region Supercomputing Center
FX We would like to thank all those within the Alaska Volcano Observatory's
   remote sensing group for their time and expertise in monitoring the
   volcanoes and producing the twice daily reports. Drs Webley and Bailey
   were funded by the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center as part of their
   research.
NR 53
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 3
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD SEP 30
PY 2009
VL 186
IS 1-2
BP 79
EP 90
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.010
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 498DN
UT WOS:000270117100008
ER

PT J
AU Webley, PW
   Stunder, BJB
   Dean, KG
AF Webley, P. W.
   Stunder, B. J. B.
   Dean, K. G.
TI Preliminary sensitivity study of eruption source parameters for
   operational volcanic ash cloud transport and dispersion models - A case
   study of the August 1992 eruption of the Crater Peak vent, Mount Spurr,
   Alaska
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE volcanic ash; dispersion modeling and eruption source; parameters
ID SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; FAILURES; DEPOSITION; RESOLUTION
AB Ash clouds are one of the major hazards that result from volcanic eruptions. Once an eruption is reported, volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models are used to forecast the location of the ash cloud. These models require source parameters to describe the ash column for initialization. These parameters include: eruption cloud height and vertical distribution, particle size distribution, and start and end time of the eruption. Further, if downwind concentrations are needed, the eruption mass rate and/or volume of ash need to be known. Upon notification of an eruption, few constraints are typically available on many of these source parameters. Recently, scientists have defined classes of eruption types, each with a set of pre-defined eruption source parameters (ESP). We analyze the August 18,1992 eruption of the Crater Peak vent at Mount Spurr, Alaska, which is the example case for the Medium Silicic eruption type. We have evaluated the sensitivity of two of the ESP - the grain size distribution (GSD) and the vertical distribution of ash - on the modeled ash cloud. HYSPUT and Puff VATD models are used to simulate the ash clouds from the different sets of source parameters. We use satellite data, processed through the reverse absorption method, as reference for computing statistics that describe the modeled-to-observed comparison. With the grain size distribution, the three options chosen. (1) an estimated distribution based on past eruption studies, (2) a distribution with finer particles and (3) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration HYSPLIT GSD, have little effect on the modeled ash cloud. For the initial vertical distribution, both linear (uniform concentration throughout the vertical column) and umbrella shapes were chosen. For HYSPLIT, the defined umbrella distribution (no ash below the umbrella), apparently underestimates the lower altitude portions of the ash cloud and as a result has a worse agreement with the satellite detected ash cloud compared to that with the linear vertical distribution for this particular eruption. The Puff model, with a Poisson function to represent the umbrella cloud, gave similar results as for a linear distribution, both having reasonable agreement with the satellite detected cloud. Further sensitivity studies of this eruption, as well as studies using the other source parameters, are needed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved.
C1 [Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Stunder, B. J. B.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Webley, P. W.; Dean, K. G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, 909 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu
RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016
OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; 
NR 34
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
EI 1872-6097
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD SEP 30
PY 2009
VL 186
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 108
EP 119
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.012
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 498DN
UT WOS:000270117100010
ER

PT J
AU Hayes, GP
   Wald, DJ
   Keranen, K
AF Hayes, Gavin P.
   Wald, David J.
   Keranen, Katie
TI Advancing techniques to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture
   plane on subduction interfaces a priori: Higher-order functional fits
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE subduction zone processes; seismicity and tectonics; earthquake source
   observations; earthquake dynamics; megathrust earthquakes; fault
   geometry
ID CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; WIDE-ANGLE; COSTA-RICA; CONVERGENT MARGIN; NAZCA
   PLATE; ARC; ZONE
AB Ongoing developments in earthquake source inversions incorporate nonplanar fault geometries as inputs to the inversion process, improving previous approaches that relied solely on planar fault surfaces. This evolution motivates advancing the existing framework for constraining fault geometry, particularly in subduction zones where plate boundary surfaces that host highly hazardous earthquakes are clearly nonplanar. Here, we improve upon the existing framework for the constraint of the seismic rupture plane of subduction interfaces by incorporating active seismic and seafloor sediment thickness data with existing independent data sets and inverting for the most probable nonplanar subduction geometry. Constraining the rupture interface a priori with independent geological and seismological information reduces the uncertainty in the derived earthquake source inversion parameters over models that rely on simpler assumptions, such as the moment tensor inferred fault plane. Examples are shown for a number of well-constrained global locations. We expand the coverage of previous analyses to a more uniform global data set and show that even in areas of sparse data this approach is able to accurately constrain the approximate subduction geometry, particularly when aided with the addition of data from local active seismic surveys. In addition, we show an example of the integration of many two-dimensional profiles into a three-dimensional surface for the Sunda subduction zone and introduce the development of a new global three-dimensional subduction interface model: Slab1.0.
C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.; Wald, David J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Keranen, Katie] US Geol Survey, Western Earthquake Hazards Team, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM ghayes@usgs.gov; wald@usgs.gov
NR 32
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD SEP 25
PY 2009
VL 10
AR Q09006
DI 10.1029/2009GC002633
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 499OR
UT WOS:000270234300003
ER

PT J
AU Parsons, T
AF Parsons, Tom
TI Having a Blast in Kenya
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM tparsons@usgs.gov
RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; 
OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 25
PY 2009
VL 325
IS 5948
BP 1623
EP 1623
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 498II
UT WOS:000270131800015
PM 19779173
ER

PT J
AU Murchie, SL
   Mustard, JF
   Ehlmann, BL
   Milliken, RE
   Bishop, JL
   McKeown, NK
   Dobrea, EZN
   Seelos, FP
   Buczkowski, DL
   Wiseman, SM
   Arvidson, RE
   Wray, JJ
   Swayze, G
   Clark, RN
   Marais, DJD
   McEwen, AS
   Bibring, JP
AF Murchie, Scott L.
   Mustard, John F.
   Ehlmann, Bethany L.
   Milliken, Ralph E.
   Bishop, Janice L.
   McKeown, Nancy K.
   Dobrea, Eldar Z. Noe
   Seelos, Frank P.
   Buczkowski, Debra L.
   Wiseman, Sandra M.
   Arvidson, Raymond E.
   Wray, James J.
   Swayze, Gregg
   Clark, Roger N.
   Marais, David J. Des
   McEwen, Alfred S.
   Bibring, Jean-Pierre
TI A synthesis of Martian aqueous mineralogy after 1 Mars year of
   observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Review
ID NORTH POLAR-REGION; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; VALLES-MARINERIS; OMEGA/MARS
   EXPRESS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SILICATE MINERALS; LAYERED DEPOSITS;
   TERRA-MERIDIANI; WATER ACTIVITY; CANDOR-CHASMA
AB Martian aqueous mineral deposits have been examined and characterized using data acquired during Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's (MRO) primary science phase, including Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars hyperspectral images covering the 0.4-3.9 mu m wavelength range, coordinated with higher-spatial resolution HiRISE and Context Imager images. MRO's new high-resolution measurements, combined with earlier data from Thermal Emission Spectrometer; Thermal Emission Imaging System; and Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitie on Mars Express, indicate that aqueous minerals are both diverse and widespread on the Martian surface. The aqueous minerals occur in 9-10 classes of deposits characterized by distinct mineral assemblages, morphologies, and geologic settings. Phyllosilicates occur in several settings: in compositionally layered blankets hundreds of meters thick, superposed on eroded Noachian terrains; in lower layers of intracrater depositional fans; in layers with potential chlorides in sediments on intercrater plains; and as thousands of deep exposures in craters and escarpments. Carbonate-bearing rocks form a thin unit surrounding the Isidis basin. Hydrated silica occurs with hydrated sulfates in thin stratified deposits surrounding Valles Marineris. Hydrated sulfates also occur together with crystalline ferric minerals in thick, layered deposits in Terra Meridiani and in Valles Marineris and together with kaolinite in deposits that partially infill some highland craters. In this paper we describe each of the classes of deposits, review hypotheses for their origins, identify new questions posed by existing measurements, and consider their implications for ancient habitable environments. On the basis of current data, two to five classes of Noachian-aged deposits containing phyllosilicates and carbonates may have formed in aqueous environments with pH and water activities suitable for life.
C1 [Murchie, Scott L.; Seelos, Frank P.; Buczkowski, Debra L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
   [Wiseman, Sandra M.; Arvidson, Raymond E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
   [Bibring, Jean-Pierre] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Bishop, Janice L.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
   [Swayze, Gregg; Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
   [Marais, David J. Des] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
   [Mustard, John F.; Ehlmann, Bethany L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
   [McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France.
   [McKeown, Nancy K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Milliken, Ralph E.; Dobrea, Eldar Z. Noe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Wray, James J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Murchie, SL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM scott.murchie@jhuapl.edu
RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Seelos,
   Frank/C-7875-2016
OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751;
   Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X
FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory [852950]
FX The authors thank the CRISM, HiRISE, CTX, and MRO operations team for
   collecting the data that made the results in this paper possible. This
   work was supported by MRO funding through subcontract 852950 from the
   Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
NR 137
TC 205
Z9 207
U1 10
U2 53
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD SEP 22
PY 2009
VL 114
AR E00D06
DI 10.1029/2009JE003342
PG 30
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 499PM
UT WOS:000270236700003
ER

PT J
AU Personius, SF
   Crone, AJ
   Machette, MN
   Mahan, SA
   Lidke, DJ
AF Personius, Stephen F.
   Crone, Anthony J.
   Machette, Michael N.
   Mahan, Shannon A.
   Lidke, David J.
TI Moderate rates of late Quaternary slip along the northwestern margin of
   the Basin and Range Province, Surprise Valley fault, northeastern
   California
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HOT-SPRINGS TEPHRA; CURVE SPANNING 0; RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; PAIRED
   TH-230/U-234/U-238; PRISTINE CORALS; NORTHERN NEVADA; LAKE LAHONTAN;
   GREAT-BASIN; C-14 DATES; COSMIC-RAY
AB The 86-km-long Surprise Valley normal fault forms part of the active northwestern margin of the Basin and Range province in northeastern California. We use trench mapping and radiocarbon, luminescence, and tephra dating to estimate displacements and timing of the past five surface-rupturing earthquakes on the central part of the fault near Cedarville. A Bayesian OxCal analysis of timing constraints indicates earthquake times of 18.2 +/- 2.6, 10.9 +/- 3.2, 8.5 +/- 0.5, 5.8 +/- 1.5, and 1.2 +/- 0.1 ka. These data yield recurrence intervals of 7.3 +/- 4.1, 2.5 +/- 3.2, 2.7 +/- 1.6, and 4.5 +/- 1.5 ka and an elapsed time of 1.2 +/- 0.1 ka since the latest surface-rupturing earthquake. Our best estimate of latest Quaternary vertical slip rate is 0.6 +/- 0.1 mm/a. This late Quaternary rate is remarkably similar to long-term (8-14 Ma) minimum vertical slip rates (>0.4-0.5 +/- 0.3 mm/a) calculated from recently acquired seismic reflection and chronologic and structural data in Surprise Valley and the adjacent Warner Mountains. However, our slip rate yields estimates of extension that are lower than recent campaign GPS determinations by factors of 1.5-4 unless the fault has an unusually shallow (30 degrees-35 degrees) dip as suggested by recently acquired seismic reflection data. Coseismic displacements of 2-4.5 +/- 1 m documented in the trench and probable rupture lengths of 53-65 km indicate a history of latest Quaternary earthquakes of M 6.8-7.3 on the central part of the Surprise Valley fault.
C1 [Personius, Stephen F.; Crone, Anthony J.; Machette, Michael N.; Mahan, Shannon A.; Lidke, David J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Personius, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM personius@usgs.gov
OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774
FU USGS
FX This research was supported by the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
   of the USGS. The authors wish to thank landowners Denise and Jim
   Harrower and Bill Duncan for permission to conduct this research on
   their properties. The report was improved by comments from USGS
   reviewers Rich Briggs and Jeff Coe, JGR reviewers Mark Hemphill- Haley
   and Brian Sherrod, and Associate Editor Kelin Wang.
NR 68
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD SEP 18
PY 2009
VL 114
AR B09405
DI 10.1029/2008JB006164
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 497KN
UT WOS:000270058200001
ER

PT J
AU Holloway, JM
   Ewing, SA
   Maher, K
AF Holloway, JoAnn M.
   Ewing, Stephanie A.
   Maher, Kate
TI Combined ecological and geologic perspectives in ecosystem studies
   Preface
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Holloway, JoAnn M.; Ewing, Stephanie A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Maher, Kate] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA.
EM jholloway@usgs.gov; saewing@usgs.gov; kmaher@stanford.edu
RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012
OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 267
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.001
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 504QC
UT WOS:000270631000001
ER

PT J
AU Chadwick, OA
   Derry, LA
   Bern, CR
   Vitousek, PM
AF Chadwick, O. A.
   Derry, L. A.
   Bern, C. R.
   Vitousek, P. M.
TI Changing sources of strontium to soils and ecosystems across the
   Hawaiian Islands
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting
CY DEC 13-14, 2008
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy
DE Dust; Mineral aerosols; Marine aerosols; Tropical soil; Soil
   development; Basalt weathering
ID VOLCANIC SOILS; ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS; TROPICAL LANDSCAPE; LUQUILLO
   MOUNTAINS; ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS; KOHALA VOLCANO; MONTANE FOREST; MANTLE
   SOURCE; SR ISOTOPES; PUERTO-RICO
AB Strontium isotope ratios assist ecosystem scientists in constraining the sources of alkaline earth elements, but their interpretation can be difficult because of complexities in mineral weathering and in the geographical and environmental controls on elemental additions and losses. Hawaii is a "natural laboratory" where a number of important biogeochemical variables have either limited ranges or vary in systematic ways, providing a unique opportunity to understand the impact of time, climate, and atmospheric inputs on the evolution of base cation sources to ecosystems. There are three major sources of strontium (Sr) to these ecosystems, each with distinct isotopic compositions: basalt lava, Asian dust, and rainfall. We present Sr isotope and concentration data on both bulk soil digests and NH(4)Ac extracts from soil profiles covering a wide range of environments and substrate ages. Bulk soil material from dry climates and/or young substrate ages with >80 mu g g(-1) Sr retain basalt-like Sr isotopic signatures, whereas those with Sr concentrations <80 mu g g(-1) can have isotope signatures that range from basalt-like values to the more radiogenic values associated with continental dust. Although both dust accumulation and lava weathering are time- and rainfall-dependent, the overall concentration of Sr drops with increasing leaching even as quartz and mica derived from continental dust sources increase to >40% by mass. At elevated dust levels, lava-derived Sr is low and dust-derived Sr is the dominant control of (87)Sr/(86)Sr in bulk soils; however, (87)Sr/(86)Sr of NH(4)Ac-extractable Sr largely reflects atmospheric deposition of marine aerosol in these situations. Overall, whole-soil Sr isotope values are controlled by complex interactions between Sr provided by lava weathering but partially lost by leaching, and Sr provided by dust but held in more resistant minerals. The isotopic composition of NH(4)Ac-extractable Sr and of the biota is controlled by lava weathering and rainfall contribution of Sr with only minor contributions from radiogenic dust sources. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chadwick, O. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Derry, L. A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Bern, C. R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Vitousek, P. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Chadwick, OA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM oac@geog.ucsb.edu; lad@cornell.edu; cbern@usgs.gov;
   Vitousek@stanford.edu
OI Derry, Louis/0000-0001-7062-7333; Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781
NR 66
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 267
IS 1-2
BP 64
EP 76
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.01.009
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 504QC
UT WOS:000270631000007
ER

PT J
AU Harris, SH
   Smith, RL
AF Harris, Steve H.
   Smith, Richard L.
TI In situ measurements of microbially-catalyzed nitrification and nitrate
   reduction rates in an ephemeral drainage channel receiving water from
   coalbed natural gas discharge, Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting
CY DEC 13-14, 2008
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy
DE Coal bed natural gas; Powder River Basin; Nitrification; Nitrate
   reduction; Ammonium; In situ rate
ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; NITROGEN LOSS; SEDIMENTS; DENITRIFICATION;
   NITRITE; OXYGEN
AB Nitrification and nitrate reduction were examined in an ephemeral drainage channel receiving discharge from coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. CBNG co-produced water typically contains dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), primarily as ammonium. In this study, a substantial portion of discharged ammonium was oxidized within 50 m of downstream transport, but speciation was markedly influenced by diel fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (>300 mu M). After 300 m of transport, 60% of the initial DIN load had been removed. The effect of benthic nitrogen-cycling processes on stream water chemistry was assessed at 2 locations within the stream channel using acrylic chambers to conduct short-term (2-6 h), in-stream incubations. The highest ambient DIN removal rates (2103 mu mol N m(-2) h(-1)) were found at a location where ammonium concentrations >350 mu M. This occurred during light incubations when oxygen concentrations were highest Nitrification was occurring at the site, however, net accumulation of nitrate and nitrite accounted for <12% of the ammonium consumed, indicating that other ammonium-consuming processes were also occurring. In dark incubations, nitrite and nitrate consumption were dominant processes, while ammonium was produced rather than consumed. At a downstream location nitrification was not a factor and changes in DIN removal rates were controlled by nitrate reduction, diel fluctuations in oxygen concentration, and availability of electron donor. This study indicates that short-term adaptation of stream channel processes can be effective for removing CBNG DIN loads given sufficient travel distances, but the long-term potential for nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen saturation remain to be determined. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Harris, Steve H.; Smith, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Harris, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM shharris@usgs.gov
RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008
OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125
NR 28
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 267
IS 1-2
BP 77
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.01.028
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 504QC
UT WOS:000270631000008
ER

PT J
AU Holloway, JM
   Goldhaber, MB
   Scow, KM
   Drenovsky, RE
AF Holloway, Joann M.
   Goldhaber, Martin B.
   Scow, Kate M.
   Drenovsky, Rebecca E.
TI Spatial and seasonal variations in mercury methylation and microbial
   community structure in a historic mercury mining area, Yolo County,
   California
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting
CY DEC 13-14, 2008
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy
DE Soil; Wetland; MeHg; Methylation; Phospholipid fatty acid; Mercury
ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FATTY-ACID; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS;
   VOLCANIC EMISSIONS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; METHYLMERCURY;
   BIOMASS; WATER; IRON
AB The relationships between soil parent lithology, nutrient concentrations, microbial biomass and community structure were evaluated in soils from a small watershed impacted by historic Hg mining. Upland and wetland Soils, stream sediments and tailings were collected and analyzed for nutrients (DOC, SO(4)(=), NO(3)(-)), Hg, MeHg, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). Stream sediment was derived from serpentinite, siltstone, volcanic rocks and mineralized serpentine with cinnabar, metacinnabar and other Hg phases. Soils from different parent materials had distinct PLFA biomass and community structures that are related to nutrient concentrations and toxicity effects of trace metals including Hg. The formation of MeHg appears to be most strongly linked to soil moisture, which in turn has a correlative relationship with PLFA biomass in wetland soils. The greatest concentrations of MeHg (>0.5 ng g(-1) MeHg) were measured in wetland soils and soil with a volcanic parent (9.5-37 mu g g(-1) Hg). Mercury methylation was associated with sulfate-reducing bacteria, including Desulfobacter sp. and Desulfovibrio sp., although these organisms are not exclusively responsible for Hg methylation. Statistical models of the data demonstrated that soil microbial communities varied more with soil type than with season. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Holloway, Joann M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Scow, Kate M.; Drenovsky, Rebecca E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Drenovsky, Rebecca E.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA.
RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jholloway@usgs.gov; mgold@usgs.gov; kmscow@ucdavis.edu;
   rdrenovsky@jcu.edu
RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012
OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668
NR 69
TC 11
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 267
IS 1-2
BP 85
EP 95
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.031
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 504QC
UT WOS:000270631000009
ER

PT J
AU Mandernack, KW
   Mills, CT
   Johnson, CA
   Rahn, T
   Kinney, C
AF Mandernack, Kevin W.
   Mills, Christopher T.
   Johnson, Craig A.
   Rahn, Thomas
   Kinney, Chad
TI The delta N-15 and delta O-18 values of N2O produced during the
   co-oxidation of ammonia by methanotrophic bacteria
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Fall American-Geophysical-Union Meeting
CY DEC 13-14, 2008
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Geophys Union, Mineralog Soc Amer, Dept Energy
DE Methanotrophy; Nitrification; Atmospheric nitrous oxide; Oxygen
   isotopes; Nitrogen isotopes; N2O
ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; TROPICAL FOREST SOILS;
   LANDFILL COVER SOILS; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; METHANE CONSUMPTION;
   NITRIFIER DENITRIFICATION; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS;
   NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; OXIDIZING BACTERIA
AB In order to determine if the delta N-15 and delta O-18 values of N2O produced during co-oxidation of NH4+ by methanotrophic (methane oxidizing) bacteria can be isotopically distinguished from N2O produced either by autotrophic nitrifying or denitrifying bacteria, we conducted laboratory incubation experiments with pure cultures of methanotrophic bacteria that were provided NH4Cl as an oxidation substrate. The N2O produced during NH4+ oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria showed nitrogen isotope fractionation between NH4+ and N2O (epsilon(+)(N2O-NH4)) of -48 and -55 parts per thousand for Methylomonas methanica and Methylosinus trichosporium, OB3b respectively. These large fractionations are similar to those previously measured for autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and consistent with N2O formation by multiple rate limiting steps that include NH4+ oxidation by the methane monooxygenase enzyme and reduction of N2O- to N2O. Consequently, N2O formed by NH4+ oxidation via methanotrophic or autotrophic nitrifying bacteria might generally be characterized by lower delta N-15(N2O) values than that formed by denitrificaiton, although this also depends on the variability of delta N-15 of available nitrogen sources (e.g., NH4+, NO3-, NO2-). Additional incubations with M. trichosporium OB3b at high and low CH4 conditions in waters of different delta O-18 values revealed that 19-27% of the oxygen in N2O Was derived from O-2 with the remainder from water. The biochemical mechanisms that could explain this amount Of O-2 incorporation are discussed. The delta O-18 of N2O formed under high CH4 conditions was similar to + 15 parts per thousand more positive than that formed under lower CH4 Conditions. This enrichment resulted in part from the incorporation of O-2 into N2O that was enriched in O-18 due to an isotope fractionation effect of - 16.1 +/- 2.0 parts per thousand and - 17.5 +/- 5.4 parts per thousand associated with O-2 consumption during the high and low methane concentration incubations, respectively. Therefore, N2O formed by NH4+ oxidation via methanotrophic or autotrophic nitrifying bacteria can have very positive delta O-18(N2O) values if the O-2 incorporated is previously enriched in O-18 from high rates of respiration. Nitrous oxide was collected from various depths in soils overlying a coal-bed methane seep where methanotrophic bacteria are naturally enriched. In one sampling when soil methane concentrations were very high, the delta O-18(VSMOW) values of the N2O were highly enriched (+ 50 parts per thousand), consistent with our laboratory experiments. Thus, soils overlying methane seeps could provide an O-18-enriched source of atmospheric N2O. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mandernack, Kevin W.; Mills, Christopher T.; Kinney, Chad] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Mills, Christopher T.; Johnson, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Rahn, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Kinney, Chad] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO USA.
RP Mandernack, KW (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM kmandern@mines.edu; cmills@usgs.gov; cjohnso@usgs.gov; trahn@lanl.gov;
   chad.kinney@colostate-pueblo.edu
RI Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012
NR 81
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 35
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 267
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 96
EP 107
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.06.008
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 504QC
UT WOS:000270631000010
ER

PT J
AU Liu-Zeng, J
   Zhang, Z
   Wen, L
   Tapponnier, P
   Sun, J
   Xing, X
   Hu, G
   Xu, Q
   Zeng, L
   Ding, L
   Ji, C
   Hudnut, KW
   van der Woerd, J
AF Liu-Zeng, J.
   Zhang, Z.
   Wen, L.
   Tapponnier, P.
   Sun, J.
   Xing, X.
   Hu, G.
   Xu, Q.
   Zeng, L.
   Ding, L.
   Ji, C.
   Hudnut, K. W.
   van der Woerd, J.
TI Co-seismic ruptures of the 12 May 2008, M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,
   Sichuan: East-west crustal shortening on oblique, parallel thrusts along
   the eastern edge of Tibet
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Longmen Shan thrust belt; Tibetan plateau; surface
   rupture; co-seismic slip partitioning; out-of-sequence thrusting
   earthquake
ID INDIA-ASIA COLLISION; LONGMEN SHAN; KOKOXILI-EARTHQUAKE; CHINA; PLATEAU;
   DEFORMATION; SLIP; GROWTH; MARGIN; UPLIFT
AB The M-s 8.0, Wenchuan earthquake, which devastated the mountainous western rim of the Sichuan basin in central China, produced a surface rupture over 200 km-long with oblique thrust/dextral slip and maximum scarp heights of similar to 10 m. It thus ranks as one of the world's largest continental mega-thrust events in the last 150 yrs. Field investigation shows clear surface breaks along two of the main branches of the NE-trending Longmen Shan thrust fault system. The principal rupture, on the NW-dipping Beichuan fault, displays nearly equal amounts of thrust and right-lateral slip. Basin-ward of this rupture, another continuous surface break is observed for over 70 km on the parallel, more shallowly NW-clipping Pengguan fault. Slip on this latter fault was pure thrusting, with a maximum scarp height of similar to 3.5 m. This is one of the very few reported instances of crustal-scale co-seismic slip partitioning on parallel thrusts. This out-of-sequence event, with distributed surface breaks on crustal mega-thrusts, highlights regional, similar to EW-directed, present day crustal shortening oblique to the Longmen Shan margin of Tibet. The long rupture and large offsets with strong horizontal shortening that characterize the Wenchuan earthquake herald a re-evaluation of tectonic models anticipating little or no active shortening of the upper crust along this edge of the plateau, and require a re-assessment of seismic hazard along potentially under-rated active faults across the densely populated western Sichuan basin and mountains. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Liu-Zeng, J.; Zhang, Z.; Wen, L.; Sun, J.; Xing, X.; Xu, Q.; Ding, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Continental Collis & Plateau Uplift, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Tapponnier, P.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
   [Hu, G.; Zeng, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
   [Ji, C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Hudnut, K. W.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
   [van der Woerd, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
RP Liu-Zeng, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Continental Collis & Plateau Uplift, 18 Shuang Qing Rd, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM Liu-zeng@itpcas.ac.cn
RI Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Tapponnier, .Paul/B-7033-2011; Liu-Zeng,
   Jing/F-8582-2011; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009
OI Tapponnier, .Paul/0000-0002-7135-1962; Hudnut,
   Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797
FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-134]; National Science Foundation
   of China [40672141, 40625008]; MOST
FX Financial support for this study was provided by the Chinese Academy of
   Sciences (Grant no. KZCX2-YW-134), the National Science Foundation of
   China (40672141,40625008), and the Wenchuan fault drilling project
   funded by MOST. We thank the earthquake survivors and local residents
   for describing pre-earthquake landforms and topography - their
   descriptions were essential for making accurate offset measurements. We
   thank Alex Densmore, two anonymous reviewers and the editor Robert D.
   van der Hilst for constructive reviews that lead to improvements of the
   manuscript, Lucy Jones and Katherine Kendrick for commenting on an
   earlier version. Thanks are also due to Eric Fielding, Rongjun Zhou,
   Alex Densmore, Judith Hubbard and Angela Jayko for discussion and
   exchange of information.
NR 98
TC 120
Z9 136
U1 3
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 286
IS 3-4
BP 355
EP 370
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.017
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 513XU
UT WOS:000271358300002
ER

PT J
AU Sturchio, NC
   Caffee, M
   Beloso, AD
   Heraty, LJ
   Bohlke, JK
   Hatzinger, PB
   Jackson, WA
   Gu, BH
   Heikoop, JM
   Dale, M
AF Sturchio, Neil C.
   Caffee, Marc
   Beloso, Abelardo D., Jr.
   Heraty, Linnea J.
   Boehlke, John Karl
   Hatzinger, Paul B.
   Jackson, W. Andrew
   Gu, Baohua
   Heikoop, Jeffrey M.
   Dale, Michael
TI Chlorine-36 as a Tracer of Perchlorate Origin
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; ATACAMA DESERT; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; NITRATE DEPOSITS;
   NORTHERN CHILE; BREAST-MILK; NEW-MEXICO; CHLORINE; GROUNDWATER;
   FRACTIONATION
AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) is ubiquitous in the environment It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO4-, and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO4- into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO4- sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of Cl-36 measurements for further improving the discrimination Of ClO4- sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO4- having high Cl-36 abundances (Cl-36/Cl = 3100 x 10(-15) to 28,800 x 10(-15)), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (Cl-36/Cl = 0.9 x 10(-15) to 590 x 10(-15)) and synthetic ClO4- reagents and products (Cl-36/Cl = 0.0 x 10(-15) to 40 x 10(-15)). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios, Cl-36 data provide a clear distinction among three principal ClO4- source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S.
C1 [Sturchio, Neil C.; Beloso, Abelardo D., Jr.; Heraty, Linnea J.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
   [Caffee, Marc] Purdue Univ, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Boehlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Hatzinger, Paul B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA.
   [Jackson, W. Andrew] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
   [Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Heikoop, Jeffrey M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Dale, Michael] New Mexico Environm Dept, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
EM sturchio@uic.edu
RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009; Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; Gu,
   Baohua/B-9511-2012; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015; 
OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967;
   Heikoop, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7648-3385
FU U.S. Department of Defense [ER-0509]; U.S. Geological Survey; National
   Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was supported by the Environment Security Technology
   Certification Program of the U.S. Department of Defense (Project
   ER-0509), the Environmental Management Program of the U.S. Department of
   Energy, and the National Research Program in the Water Resources
   Discipline of the U.S. Geological Survey. The PRIME Lab is supported by
   the National Science Foundation. We thank Dale Counce, Michael Rearick,
   George Perkins, Toti Larson, and Armand Groffman for assistance with
   collection of Water Canyon Gallery and Valle Grande Spring samples, and
   Michael Hiskey for the reagent sample from Taiwan. Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory is managed by UT-Battetle LLC for the U.S. Department of
   Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Use of trade, product, or firm
   names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not
   imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 47
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 18
BP 6934
EP 6938
DI 10.1021/es9012195
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 492KZ
UT WOS:000269656200011
PM 19806723
ER

PT J
AU Lorimer, CG
   Porter, DJ
   Madej, MA
   Stuart, JD
   Veirs, SD
   Norman, SP
   O'Hara, KL
   Libby, WJ
AF Lorimer, Craig G.
   Porter, Daniel J.
   Madej, Mary Ann
   Stuart, John D.
   Veirs, Stephen D., Jr.
   Norman, Steven P.
   O'Hara, Kevin L.
   Libby, William J.
TI Presettlement and modern disturbance regimes in coast redwood forests:
   Implications for the conservation of old-growth stands
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Review
DE Age structure; Fire regimes; Fire suppression; Flooding; Forest
   succession; Gap dynamics; Sequoia sempervirens; Windstorms
ID SEQUOIA-SEMPERVIRENS FOREST; PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS;
   NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE HISTORY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AGE STRUCTURE;
   POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; NOTHOFAGUS FORESTS
AB Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a western North American conifer of ancient lineage, has a paradoxical combination of late-successional characteristics and strong adaptations to disturbance. Despite its shade tolerance and heavy dominance of the canopy on many sites, redwood saplings are uncommon in upland old-growth stands. Information needed to ensure the conservation of old-growth redwood forests has been limited. In this review paper, we integrate evidence on redwood biology with data on the historic and modern disturbance regimes to help clarify the degree to which key attributes of redwood forests may have been dependent upon periodic disturbance. Available evidence suggests that episodes of fire, flooding, and slope failure prior to European settlement were frequent but predominantly of low to moderate severity and extent, resulting in broadly uneven-aged forests. The majority of fires prior to European settlement were apparently of human origin. Frequency and severity of the major disturbance agents have been radically changed in modern times. Fires have been largely excluded, and flooding has been altered in ways that have often been detrimental to old-growth redwoods on alluvial terraces. However, because of the apparent anthropogenic origin of most presettlement fires, the long-term evolutionary role of fire for coast redwood is ecologically ambiguous. With fire exclusion, redwood possibly could be displaced to some extent on upland sites by increasing abundance of fire-sensitive competitors. Alternatively, redwood may be able to maintain dominance by vegetative sprouting and new seedling establishment on root-wad mounds, fallen logs, and on soil exposed by slope failure. Future research priorities are suggested that will help resolve some of the current ambiguities. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lorimer, Craig G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Porter, Daniel J.] Save Redwoods League, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA.
   [Madej, Mary Ann] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
   [Stuart, John D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Watershed Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
   [Norman, Steven P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA.
   [O'Hara, Kevin L.; Libby, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Lorimer, CG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM clorimer@wisc.edu
OI O'Hara, Kevin/0000-0002-3800-9188
FU Save-the-Redwoods League
FX The authors thank John O. Sawyer, Peter Brown, and Julia Burton for
   comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Jacob Hanson and Laura
   Kinsvater assisted in the preparation of some of the figures. This
   project was initially suggested by Save-the-Redwoods League, which also
   arranged the authorship team and provided funding. The first author is
   also grateful to John O. Sawyer for a field research opportunity in the
   redwoods many years ago as a student.
NR 138
TC 31
Z9 34
U1 109
U2 397
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
EI 1872-7042
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 258
IS 7
BP 1038
EP 1054
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.008
PG 17
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 498OW
UT WOS:000270152300002
ER

PT J
AU Donner, DM
   Ribic, CA
   Probst, JR
AF Donner, Deahn M.
   Ribic, Christine A.
   Probst, John R.
TI Male Kirtland's Warblers' patch-level response to landscape structure
   during periods of varying population size and habitat amounts
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Kirtlands Warbler; Habitat loss and fragmentation; Landscape structure;
   Temporal variability; Population dynamics; Landscape ecology; Habitat
   amount threshold
ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ECOLOGICAL
   THRESHOLDS; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; SPECIES RESPONSES; SUITABLE HABITAT;
   FRAGMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION
AB Forest planners must evaluate how spatiotemporal changes in habitat amount and configuration across the landscape as a result of timber management will affect species' persistence. However, there are few long-term programs available for evaluation. We investigated the response of male Kirtland's Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) to 26 years of changing patch and landscape structure during a large, 26-year forestry-habitat restoration program within the warbler's primary breeding range. We found that the average density of male Kirtland's Warblers was related to a different combination of patch and landscape attributes depending on the species' regional population level and habitat amounts on the landscape (early succession jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests; 15-42% habitat cover). Specifically, patch age and habitat regeneration type were important at low male population and total habitat amounts, while patch age and distance to an occupied patch were important at relatively high population and habitat amounts. Patch age and size were more important at increasing population levels and an intermediate amount of habitat. The importance of patch age to average male density during all periods reflects the temporal buildup and decline of male numbers as habitat suitability within the patch changed with succession. Habitat selection (i.e., preference for wildfire-regenerated habitat) and availability may explain the importance of habitat type and patch size during lower population and habitat levels. The relationship between male density and distance when there was the most habitat on the landscape and the male population was large and still increasing may be explained by the widening spatial dispersion of the increasing male population at the regional scale. Because creating or preserving habitat is not a random process, management efforts would benefit from more investigations of managed population responses to changes in spatial structure that occur through habitat gain rather than habitat loss to further our empirical understanding of general principles of the fragmentation process and habitat cover threshold effects within dynamic landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Donner, Deahn M.; Probst, John R.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA.
   [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Donner, DM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA.
EM ddonnerwright@fs.fed.us
FU Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies; U.S. Forest Service Northern
   Research Station
FX This study was supported by the Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies,
   U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank Eric Gustafson,
   Dan Kashian, Rolff Koford, Anna Pidgeon, Jerry Weinrich, and two
   anonymous reviewers for reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript.
   We are also indebted to Elaine Carlson and Keith Kintigh with the
   Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and Phil Huber with the
   Huron-Manistee National Forest for their guidance and assistance with
   historical data. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by
   the U.S. Government.
NR 56
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
EI 1872-7042
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 258
IS 7
BP 1093
EP 1101
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.029
PG 9
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 498OW
UT WOS:000270152300008
ER

PT J
AU Hossack, BR
   Eby, LA
   Guscio, CG
   Corn, PS
AF Hossack, Blake R.
   Eby, Lisa A.
   Guscio, C. Gregory
   Corn, Paul Stephen
TI Thermal characteristics of amphibian microhabitats in a fire-disturbed
   landscape
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Amphibian; Biophysical ecology; Bufo boreas; Conservation; Fire; Forest
   management; Microclimate; Physiology; Telemetry; Thermal ecology
ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; BODY-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; RAIN-FORESTS;
   BUFO-BOREAS; ENVIRONMENT; HABITAT; TOADS; PHYSIOLOGY; ABUNDANCE
AB Disturbance has long been a central issue in amphibian conservation, often regarding negative effects of logging or other forest management activities, but some amphibians seem to prefer disturbed habitats. After documenting increased use of recently burned forests by boreal toads (Bufo boreas), we hypothesized that burned habitats provided improved thermal opportunities in terrestrial habitats. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a radio telemetry study of habitat use (reported previously) and by using physical models that simulated the temperature of adult toads. We deployed 108 physical models in and adjacent to a 1-year old burn using a fully-replicated design with three burn severities (unburned, partial, high severity) and four microhabitats (open surface, under vegetation, under log, in burrow). Model temperatures were compared to a range of preferred temperatures in published studies. We found 70% more observations within the preferred temperature range of B. boreas in forests burned with high severity than in unburned areas. Burned forest was warmer than unburned forest across all microhabitats, but the largest relative difference was in burrows, which averaged 3 C warmer in high-severity burn areas and remained warmer though the night. More than twice as many observations were within the preferred temperature range in high-severity burrows than in unburned burrows. Areas burned with high severity were still warmer than unburned forest 3 years after the fire. Habitat use of toads during the concurrent radio telemetry study matched that predicted by the physical models. These results suggest there are fitness-linked benefits to toads using burned habitats, such as increased growth, fertility, and possibly disease resistance. However, increased soil temperatures that result from wildfire may be detrimental to other amphibian species that prefer cooler temperatures and stable environments. More broadly, our data illustrate the use of physical models to measure and interpret changes that amphibians may experience from disturbance, and highlight the need for research linking vital rates such as growth and survival to disturbance. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
   [Hossack, Blake R.; Guscio, C. Gregory] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
   [Eby, Lisa A.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
EM blake_hossack@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative
   (ARMI); University of Montana Fire Center
FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research
   and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) and the University of Montana Fire
   Center. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement or approval by the
   U.S. Government. We thank the staff of Glacier National Park for their
   continued assistance, and P. Bartelt for lending models and advice. R.
   King provided advice on the analysis. Comments by P. Bartelt, E. Muths,
   the Lowe Lab, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript.
NR 60
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 258
IS 7
BP 1414
EP 1421
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.043
PG 8
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 498OW
UT WOS:000270152300046
ER

PT J
AU Newell, P
   King, S
   Kaller, M
AF Newell, Patti
   King, Sammy
   Kaller, Michael
TI Foraging behavior of pileated woodpeckers in partial cut and uncut
   bottomland hardwood forest
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Dryocopus pileatus; Foraging; Louisiana; Partial cutting; Pileated
   woodpecker
ID SAPROXYLIC BEETLES COLEOPTERA; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; COASTAL FORESTS;
   ROOST TREES; SELECTION; PATTERNS; NEST; WASHINGTON; POPULUS; ECOLOGY
AB In bottomland hardwood forests, partial cutting techniques are increasingly advocated and used to create habitat for priority wildlife like Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and Neotropical migrants. Although partial cutting may be beneficial to some species, those that use dead wood may be negatively affected since large diameter and poor quality trees (deformed, moribund, or dead) are rare, but normally targeted for removal. On the other hand, partial cutting can create dead wood if logging slash is left on-site. We studied foraging behavior of pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) in one- and two-year-old partial cuts designed to benefit priority species and in uncut forest during winter, spring, and summer of 2006 and 2007 in Louisiana. Males and females did not differ in their use of tree species, dbh class, decay class, foraging height, use of foraging tactics or substrate types; however, males foraged on larger substrates than females. In both partial cut and uncut forest, standing live trees were most frequently used (83% compared to 14% for standing dead trees and 3% for coarse woody debris); however, dead trees were selected (i.e. used out of proportion to availability). Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata) and bitter pecan (Carya aquatica) were also selected and sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) avoided. Pileated woodpeckers selected trees >= 50 cm dbh and avoided trees in smaller dbh classes (10-20 cm). Density of selected foraging substrates was the same in partial cut and uncut forest. Of the foraging substrates, woodpeckers spent 54% of foraging time on live branches and boles, 37% on dead branches and boles, and 9% on vines. Of the foraging tactics, the highest proportion of foraging time was spent excavating (58%), followed by pecking (14%), gleaning (14%), scaling (7%), berry-eating (4%), and probing (3%). Woodpecker use of foraging tactics and substrates, and foraging height and substrate diameter did not differ between recent partial cut and uncut forest. Partial cutting designed to improve or maintain habitat for priority wildlife did not affect pileated woodpecker foraging behavior or availability of selected trees compared to uncut forest in the short term. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Newell, Patti] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 227, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [King, Sammy] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124,AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Kaller, Michael] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Newell, P (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 227, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM pattijean.newell@gmail.com
FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Arkansas; Natural
   Heritage Commission; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Louisiana Fish and
   Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit
FX Dr. C. Carlton, Dr. P. Stouffer, and Dr. J. Wang provided advice in all
   stages of this project. M. Lammertink and D. Kremitz reviewed drafts of
   the manuscript. This project could not have been completed without the
   invaluable field assistance, expertise, and creativity of N. Banfield.
   Other field assistants included E. Banfield, W. DeGraveilles, A. Magro,
   and J. Yurich. Funding was provided by Louisiana Department of Wildlife
   and Fisheries, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, U.S. Fish and
   Wildlife Service, and the Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Cooperative
   Research Unit. E. Baka, E. Bull, C. Raley, and R. Renken provided
   methodology for transmitter application, nest searching, and capture
   strategies. Scientists at the Wetland Center in Lafayette; B. Keeland,
   P. Chadwick, and L. Allain, provided tree climbing advice and banding
   permits. The use of trade, product, or industry firm names or products
   is for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement
   by the U.S. Government or the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 42
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 44
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 258
IS 7
BP 1456
EP 1464
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.053
PG 9
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 498OW
UT WOS:000270152300052
ER

PT J
AU Aubin-Horth, N
   Letcher, BH
   Hofmann, HA
AF Aubin-Horth, Nadia
   Letcher, Benjamin H.
   Hofmann, Hans A.
TI Gene-expression signatures of Atlantic salmon's plastic life cycle
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Life history; Alternative reproductive tactics; Migration; Microarrays;
   Gene expression; Gene-expression signature; Ecological genomics; Module
ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR;
   THYROID-HORMONES; NITRIC-OXIDE; BODY-SIZE; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS;
   EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; HISTORY VARIATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT
AB How genomic expression differs as a function of life history variation is largely unknown. Atlantic salmon exhibits extreme alternative life histories. We defined the gene-expression signatures of wild-caught salmon at two different life stages by comparing the brain expression profiles of mature sneaker males and immature males, and early migrants and late migrants. In addition to life-stage-specific signatures, we discovered a surprisingly large gene set that was differentially regulated-at similar magnitudes, yet in opposite direction-in both life history transitions. We suggest that this co-variation is not a consequence of many independent cellular and molecular switches in the same direction but rather represents the molecular equivalent of a physiological shift orchestrated by one or very few master regulators. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Aubin-Horth, Nadia] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   [Letcher, Benjamin H.] Leetown Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA.
   [Hofmann, Hans A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Neurosci, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Aubin-Horth, N (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, 90 Vincent Dindy, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
EM n.aubin-horth@umontreal.ca; hans@mail.utexas.edu
RI Aubin-Horth, Nadia/F-3857-2011; 
OI Aubin-Horth, Nadia/0000-0002-9030-634X; Hofmann,
   Hans/0000-0002-3335-330X
FU FQRNT; NSERC; Atlantic Salmon Federation; US Forest Service, Northern
   Research Station; Bauer Center for Genomics Research; National
   Institutes of Health [GM068763]; Institute for Molecular & Cellular
   Biology at UT Austin
FX Thanks to Keith Nislow, Kitty Griswold, Todd Dubreuil, Matthew O'Donnell
   and Sarah Annis for help with sampling in the field and Yehoda Martei
   for technical assistance in the laboratory. Christian Landry helped with
   bioinformatics and with the gene annotation by merging data from GRASP
   and DFCI databases. Lin Huffman, Christian Landry, Dagan Lavee and Susan
   Renn provided helpful comments on previous versions of this article.
   Funding was provided by FQRNT (Post-doctoral fellowship), NSERC
   (Post-doctoral fellowship and Discovery grant) and an Olin fellowship
   from the Atlantic Salmon Federation (N.A.H.), the US Forest Service,
   Northern Research Station (B.H.L.) and the Bauer Center for Genomics
   Research, National Institutes of Health grant NIGMS GM068763 and the
   Institute for Molecular & Cellular Biology at UT Austin (H.A.H.).
NR 72
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 24
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 163
IS 3
BP 278
EP 284
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.021
PG 7
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 473NF
UT WOS:000268213000006
PM 19401203
ER

PT J
AU Shang, LB
   Chou, IM
   Lu, WJ
   Burruss, RC
   Zhang, YX
AF Shang, Linbo
   Chou, I-Ming
   Lu, Wanjun
   Burruss, Robert C.
   Zhang, Youxue
TI Determination of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in fused silica
   between 296 and 523 K by Raman spectroscopy and application of fused
   silica capillaries in studying redox reactions
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS; FLUID
   INCLUSIONS; VITREOUS SILICA; HIGH-PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES; ORIGIN;
   SOLUBILITY; QUARTZ; GASES
AB Diffusion coefficients (D) of hydrogen in fused silica capillaries (FSC) were determined between 296 and 523 K by Raman spectroscopy using CO(2) as an internal standard. FSC capsules (3.25 x 10(-4) m OD, 9.9 x 10(-5) M ID, and similar to 0.01 m long) containing CO(2) and H(2) Were prepared and the initial relative concentrations of hydrogen in these capsules were derived from the Raman peak-height ratios between H2 (near 587 cm(-1)) and CO(2) (near 1387 cm(-1)). The sample capsules were then heated at a fixed temperature (T) at one atmosphere to let H(2) diffuse out of the capsule, and the changes of hydrogen concentration were monitored by Raman spectroscopy after quench. This process was repeated using different heating durations at 296 (room T), 323, 375, 430, 473, and 523 K; the same sample capsule was used repeatedly at each temperature. The values of D (in m(2) s(-1)) in FSC were obtained by fitting the observed changes of hydrogen concentration in the FSC capsule to an equation based on Fick's law. Our D values are in good agreement with the more recent of the two previously reported experimental data sets, and both can be represented by:
   In D = -(16.471 +/- 0.035) - 44589 +/- 139/RT (R(2) = 0.99991)
   where R is the gas constant (8.3145 J/mol K), Tin Kelvin, and errors at 1 sigma level. The slope corresponds to an activation energy of 44.59 +/- 0.14 kJ/mol.
   The D in FSC determined at 296 K is about an order of magnitude higher than that in platinum at 723 K, indicating that FSC is a suitable membrane for hydrogen at temperature between 673 K and room temperature, and has a great potential for studying redox reactions at these temperatures, especially for systems containing organic material and/or sulphur. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shang, Linbo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Ore Deposit Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China.
   [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Lu, Wanjun] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Burruss, Robert C.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Zhang, Youxue] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Shang, LB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Ore Deposit Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China.
EM sss_2000@sina.com
RI Zhang, Youxue/D-2922-2011; Lu, Wanjun/H-4962-2014
OI Lu, Wanjun/0000-0003-4334-5722
FU Energy and Mineral Programs of US Geological Survey; National Basic
   Research Program of China [2007CB411404]; National Natural Science
   Foundation of China [40873051]
FX We thank Robert Seal, Harvey Belkin, and two anonymous reviewers for
   their constructive reviews and also acknowledge the support of Energy
   and Mineral Programs of US Geological Survey. L.B. Shang thanks the
   support of National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411404) and
   National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40873051). The
   use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for
   descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the US
   Government.
NR 33
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 18
BP 5435
EP 5443
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.06.001
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 489EB
UT WOS:000269401600015
ER

PT J
AU Shelly, DR
AF Shelly, David R.
TI Possible deep fault slip preceding the 2004 Parkfield earthquake,
   inferred from detailed observations of tectonic tremor
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; EPISODIC
   TREMOR; CALIFORNIA; PREDICTION; HAZARD
AB Earthquake predictability depends, in part, on the degree to which sudden slip is preceded by slow aseismic slip. Recently, observations of deep tremor have enabled inferences of deep slow slip even when detection by other means is not possible, but these data are limited to certain areas and mostly the last decade. The region near Parkfield, California, provides a unique convergence of several years of high-quality tremor data bracketing a moderate earthquake, the 2004 magnitude 6.0 event. Here, I present detailed observations of tectonic tremor from mid-2001 through 2008 that indicate deep fault slip both before and after the Parkfield earthquake that cannot be detected with surface geodetic instruments. While there is no obvious short-term precursor, I find unidirectional tremor migration accompanied by elevated tremor rates in the 3 months prior to the earthquake, which suggests accelerated creep on the fault similar to 16 km beneath the eventual earthquake hypocenter. Citation: Shelly, D. R. (2009), Possible deep fault slip preceding the 2004 Parkfield earthquake, inferred from detailed observations of tectonic tremor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L17318, doi:10.1029/2009GL039589.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Shelly, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dshelly@usgs.gov
NR 26
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L17318
DI 10.1029/2009GL039589
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 497JD
UT WOS:000270054400004
ER

PT J
AU Faichney, IDE
   Webster, JM
   Clague, DA
   Kelley, C
   Appelgate, B
   Moore, JG
AF Faichney, Iain D. E.
   Webster, Jody M.
   Clague, David A.
   Kelley, Chris
   Appelgate, Bruce
   Moore, James G.
TI The morphology and distribution of submerged reefs in the Maui-Nui
   Complex, Hawaii: New insights into their evolution since the Early
   Pleistocene
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE platform morphology; Maui-Nui; carbonate terraces; bathymetry;
   Pleistocene sea-level change
ID SUBSIDENCE; AGES; TECTONICS; ISLANDS; RIDGE
AB Reef drowning and backstepping have long been recognised as reef responses to sea-level rise on subsiding margins. During the Late Pleistocene (similar to 500-14 ka) Hawaiian reefs grew in response to rapid subsidence and 120 m 100 kyr sea-level cycles, with recent work on the submerged drowned reefs around the big island of Hawaii, and in other locations from the last deglacial, providing insight into reef development under these conditions. In contrast, reefs of the Early Pleistocene (similar to 1.8-0.8 Ma) remain largely unexplored despite developing in response to significantly different 60-70 m 41 kyr sea-level cycles. The Maui-Nui Complex (MNC - forming the islands of Maui, Molokai, Lanai and Kahoolawe), provides a natural laboratory to study reef evolution throughout this time period as recent data indicate the reefs grew from 1.1 to 0.5 Ma. We use new high resolution bathymetric and backscatter data as well as sub-bottom profiling seismic data and field observations from ROV and submersible dives to make a detailed analysis of reef morphology and structure around the MNC. We focus specifically on the south-central region of the complex that provides the best reef exposure and find that the morphology of the reefs varies both regionally and temporally within this region. Barrier and pinnacle features dominate the steeper margins in the north of the study area whilst broad backstepping of the reefs is observed in the south. Within the Au'au channel in the central region between the islands, closely spaced reef and karst morphology indicates repeated subaerial exposure. We propose that this variation in the morphology and structure of the reefs within the MNC has been controlled by three main factors: the subsidence rate of the complex, the amplitude and period of eustatic sea-level cycles, and the slope and continuity of the basement substrate. We provide a model of reef development within the MNC over the last 1.2 Ma highlighting the effect that the interaction of these factors had on reef morphology. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Faichney, Iain D. E.; Webster, Jody M.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
   [Webster, Jody M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
   [Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
   [Kelley, Chris] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Undersea Res Lab, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Appelgate, Bruce] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Moore, James G.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Faichney, IDE (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
EM iain.faichney@jcu.edu.au; jody.webster@usyd.edu.au; clague@mbari.org;
   ckelley@hawaii.edu; tba@ucsd.edu; jmoore@usgs.gov
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NSF [OCE-00-02470]
FX Bathymetry data used in this study were collected by MBARI, UH, JAMSTEC,
   NOAA, USGS, SIO, WHOI and coastal LIDAR data were collected by the
   USACE. Pisces submersible dives were conducted by HURL, UH under a grant
   from NOAA, and Tiburon ROV dives were conducted by MBARI with support
   from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation through a grant to MBARL
   Subsequent processing and laboratory study by IDEF was supported both by
   an internship at MBARI, and an APA at James Cook University (JCU). We
   thank jenny Paduan and David Caress from MBARI for their help with the
   bathymetric data. We thank Barbara Block and Rob Dunbar, the chief
   scientists during the collection of the Chirp data. We also thank Gabi
   Laske for making dredge time available during the TUIM cruise to deploy
   seismometers for the PLUME experiment, which was funded under NSF grant
   OCE-00-02470.
NR 29
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 265
IS 3-4
BP 130
EP 145
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.07.002
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 500UN
UT WOS:000270331100004
ER

PT J
AU Beisner, K
   Naftz, DL
   Johnson, WP
   Diaz, X
AF Beisner, Kimberly
   Naftz, David L.
   Johnson, William P.
   Diaz, Ximena
TI Selenium and trace element mobility affected by periodic displacement of
   stratification in the Great Salt Lake, Utah
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Selenium; Great Salt Lake; Hypersaline; Seiche; Brine layer; Anoxic
ID OXIDATION; WATERS; PH
AB The Great Salt Lake (GSL) is a unique ecosystem in which trace element activity cannot be characterized by standard geochemical parameters due to the high salinity. Movement of selenium and other trace elements present in the lake bed sediments of GSL may occur due to periodic stratification displacement events or lake bed exposure. The water column of GSL is complicated by the presence of a chemocline persistent over annual to decadal time scales. The water below the chemocline is referred to as the deep brine layer (DBL), has a high salinity (16.5 to 22.9%) and is anoxic. The upper brine layer (UBL) resides above the chemocline, has lower salinity (12.6 to 14.7%) and is oxic. Displacement of the DBL may involve trace element movement within the water column due to changes in redox potential. Evidence of stratification displacement in the water column has been observed at two fixed stations on the lake by monitoring vertical water temperature profiles with horizontal and vertical velocity profiles. Stratification displacement events occur over periods of 12 to 24 It and are associated with strong wind events that can produce seiches within the water column. In addition to displacement events, the DBL shrinks and expands in response to changes in the lake surface area over a period of months. Laboratory tests simulating the observed sediment re-suspension were conducted over daily. weekly and monthly time scales to understand the effect of placing anoxic bottom sediments in contact with oxic water, and the associated effect of trace element desorption and (or) dissolution. Results from the laboratory simulations indicate that a small percentage (1%) of selenium associated with anoxic bottom sediments is periodically solubilized into the UBL where it potentially can be incorporated into the biota utilizing the oxic part of GSL Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Beisner, Kimberly] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
   [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
   [Johnson, William P.; Diaz, Ximena] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Beisner, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM kbeisner@usgs.gov
RI Johnson, William/G-7733-2011; Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; 
OI Beisner, Kimberly/0000-0002-2077-6899
FU State of Utah Division of Water Quality; U.S. Geological Survey
FX Funding for this project was provided by the State of Utah Division of
   Water Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey. Use of brand names within
   this text is for identification purposes only and does not constitute
   endorsement by the University of Utah or U.S. Geological Survey. The
   manuscript was improved from technical reviews by Reed Green and
   Lawrence Spangler (USGS) and two anonymous journal
NR 31
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD SEP 15
PY 2009
VL 407
IS 19
BP 5263
EP 5273
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.06.005
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 491JY
UT WOS:000269576100010
PM 19596137
ER

PT J
AU Post, E
   Forchhammer, MC
   Bret-Harte, MS
   Callaghan, TV
   Christensen, TR
   Elberling, B
   Fox, AD
   Gilg, O
   Hik, DS
   Hoye, TT
   Ims, RA
   Jeppesen, E
   Klein, DR
   Madsen, J
   McGuire, AD
   Rysgaard, S
   Schindler, DE
   Stirling, I
   Tamstorf, MP
   Tyler, NJC
   van der Wal, R
   Welker, J
   Wookey, PA
   Schmidt, NM
   Aastrup, P
AF Post, Eric
   Forchhammer, Mads C.
   Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia
   Callaghan, Terry V.
   Christensen, Torben R.
   Elberling, Bo
   Fox, Anthony D.
   Gilg, Olivier
   Hik, David S.
   Hoye, Toke T.
   Ims, Rolf A.
   Jeppesen, Erik
   Klein, David R.
   Madsen, Jesper
   McGuire, A. David
   Rysgaard, Soren
   Schindler, Daniel E.
   Stirling, Ian
   Tamstorf, Mikkel P.
   Tyler, Nicholas J. C.
   van der Wal, Rene
   Welker, Jeffrey
   Wookey, Philip A.
   Schmidt, Niels Martin
   Aastrup, Peter
TI Ecological Dynamics Across the Arctic Associated with Recent Climate
   Change
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID PLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSES; NORTHEAST GREENLAND; TUNDRA; CARBON;
   POPULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; FEEDBACKS; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURES
AB At the close of the Fourth International Polar Year, we take stock of the ecological consequences of recent climate change in the Arctic, focusing on effects at population, community, and ecosystem scales. Despite the buffering effect of landscape heterogeneity, Arctic ecosystems and the trophic relationships that structure them have been severely perturbed. These rapid changes may be a bellwether of changes to come at lower latitudes and have the potential to affect ecosystem services related to natural resources, food production, climate regulation, and cultural integrity. We highlight areas of ecological research that deserve priority as the Arctic continues to warm.
C1 [Post, Eric] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Post, Eric; Forchhammer, Mads C.; Madsen, Jesper; Tamstorf, Mikkel P.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Aastrup, Peter] Aarhus Univ, NERI, Dept Arctic Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
   [Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Klein, David R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Callaghan, Terry V.] Abisko Sci Res Stn, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden.
   [Callaghan, Terry V.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
   [Christensen, Torben R.] Lund Univ, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
   [Elberling, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geog & Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
   [Elberling, Bo] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway.
   [Fox, Anthony D.; Hoye, Toke T.] Aarhus Univ, NERI, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Biodivers, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark.
   [Gilg, Olivier] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
   [Gilg, Olivier] Arctic Ecol Res Grp GREA, FR-21440 Francheville, France.
   [Hik, David S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
   [Ims, Rolf A.] Univ Tromso, Dept Biol, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway.
   [Jeppesen, Erik] Aarhus Univ, NERI, Dept Freshwater Ecol, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
   [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish andWildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Rysgaard, Soren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland.
   [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Stirling, Ian] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada.
   [Tyler, Nicholas J. C.] Univ Tromso, Ctr Saami Studies, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
   [van der Wal, Rene] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen Ctr Environm Sustainabil, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland.
   [Welker, Jeffrey] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
   [Wookey, Philip A.] Univ Stirling, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland.
RP Post, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, 208 Mueller Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM esp10@psu.edu
RI GILG, Olivier/C-2588-2008; Tamstorf, Mikkel/I-7101-2013; Hik,
   David/B-3462-2009; van der Wal, Rene/F-3177-2010; Hoye, Toke
   T./A-7701-2008; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011; Elberling,
   Bo/M-4000-2014; Callaghan, Terens/N-7640-2014; Welker,
   Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; Forchhammer, Mads/I-7474-2013; Fox,
   Anthony/I-7465-2013; Madsen, Jesper/J-7853-2013; Jeppesen,
   Erik/A-4463-2012; Rysgaard, Soren/K-6689-2013
OI GILG, Olivier/0000-0002-9083-4492; Rysgaard, Soren/0000-0003-1726-2958;
   Tamstorf, Mikkel/0000-0002-2811-331X; Hik, David/0000-0002-8994-9305;
   Hoye, Toke T./0000-0001-5387-3284; Schmidt, Niels
   Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Madsen,
   Jesper/0000-0003-3246-0215; Jeppesen, Erik/0000-0002-0542-369X; 
FU The Danish Polar Center; U. S. National Science Foundation
FX We thank M. E. Mann, M. O. Recowbell, and two anonymous referees for
   helpful comments and Aarhus University, The Danish Polar Center, and the
   U. S. National Science Foundation for financial support.
NR 60
TC 420
Z9 437
U1 50
U2 577
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 11
PY 2009
VL 325
IS 5946
BP 1355
EP 1358
DI 10.1126/science.1173113
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 492YO
UT WOS:000269699100027
PM 19745143
ER

PT J
AU Griffith, CA
   Penteado, P
   Rodriguez, S
   Le Mouelic, S
   Baines, KH
   Buratti, B
   Clark, R
   Nicholson, P
   Jaumann, R
   Sotin, C
AF Griffith, Caitlin A.
   Penteado, Paulo
   Rodriguez, Sebastien
   Le Mouelic, Stephane
   Baines, Kevin H.
   Buratti, Bonnie
   Clark, Roger
   Nicholson, Phil
   Jaumann, Ralf
   Sotin, Christophe
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CLOUDS IN TITAN'S TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE convection; methods: analytical; planets and satellites: individual
   (Titan); radiative transfer
ID TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS; SOUTH-POLE; SURFACE; CIRCULATION; DESCENT; STORMS;
   HAZE; RAIN
AB Images of Titan's clouds, possible over the past 10 years, indicate primarily discrete convective methane clouds near the south and north poles and an immense stratiform cloud, likely composed of ethane, around the north pole. Here we present spectral images from Cassini's Visual Mapping Infrared Spectrometer that reveal the increasing presence of clouds in Titan's tropical atmosphere. Radiative transfer analyses indicate similarities between summer polar and tropical methane clouds. Like their southern counterparts, tropical clouds consist of particles exceeding 5 mu m. They display discrete structures suggestive of convective cumuli. They prevail at a specific latitude band between 8 degrees-20 degrees S, indicative of a circulation origin and the beginning of a circulation turnover. Yet, unlike the high latitude clouds that often reach 45 km altitude, these discrete tropical clouds, so far, remain capped to altitudes below 26 km. Such low convective clouds are consistent with the highly stable atmospheric conditions measured at the Huygens landing site. Their characteristics suggest that Titan's tropical atmosphere has a dry climate unlike the south polar atmosphere, and despite the numerous washes that carve the tropical landscape.
C1 [Griffith, Caitlin A.; Penteado, Paulo] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
   [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Lab AIM, CEA Saclay,DSM,IRFU,SAp, F-75221 Paris 05, France.
   [Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UMR 6112, F-44000 Nantes, France.
   [Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie; Sotin, Christophe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Nicholson, Phil] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Griffith, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RI Penteado, Paulo/F-9081-2012; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016
OI Penteado, Paulo/0000-0001-6759-2037; Rodriguez,
   Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641
FU NASA's Cassini Program; Brazilian Governments CAPES scholarship
FX C.A.G.'s research is funded by NASA's Cassini Program. P.P.'s work is
   supported by the Brazilian Governments CAPES scholarship and NASA's
   Cassini Program.
NR 35
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2041-8205
J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT
JI Astrophys. J. Lett.
PD SEP 10
PY 2009
VL 702
IS 2
BP L105
EP L109
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/702/2/L105
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 487BN
UT WOS:000269245500002
ER

PT J
AU Hyslop, NL
   Cooper, RJ
   Meyers, JM
AF Hyslop, Natalie L.
   Cooper, Robert J.
   Meyers, J. Michael
TI Seasonal Shifts in Shelter and Microhabitat Use of Drymarchon couperi
   (Eastern Indigo Snake) in Georgia
SO COPEIA
LA English
DT Article
ID HOPLOCEPHALUS-BUNGAROIDES; HABITAT SELECTION; GOPHER TORTOISE; ECOLOGY;
   POPULATIONS; REGRESSION; SERPENTES; LANDS
AB Drymorchon couperi (Eastern Indigo Snake), a threatened species of the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States, has experienced population declines because of extensive habitat loss and degradation across its range. In Georgia and northern Florida, the species Is associated with longleaf pine habitats that support Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise) populations, the burrows of which D. couperi uses for shelter. The extent that D. couperi uses these burrows, In addition to the use of other underground shelters and the microhabitat features associated with these structures is largely unknown. From 2003 through 2004, we conducted a radiotelemetry study of D. couperi (n = 32) to examine use of shelters and microhabitat In Georgia. We used repeated measures regression on a candidate set of models created from a priori hypotheses using principal component scores, derived from analysis of microhabitat data to examine microhabitat use at underground shelters. Proportion of locations recorded underground did not differ seasonally or between sexes. In winter, we recorded >0.90 of underground locations at tortoise burrows. Use of these burrows was less pronounced In spring for males. Females used abandoned tortoise burrows more frequently than males year-round and used them on approximately 0.60 of their underground locations during spring. Microhabitat use at underground shelters was most Influenced by season compared to sex, site, or body size. Females In spring and summer used more open microhabitat compared to males, potentially in response to gestation. Our results suggest that the availability of suitable underground shelters, especially G. polyphemus burrows, may be a limiting factor In the northern range of D. couperi, with important Implications for its conservation.
C1 [Meyers, J. Michael] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Hyslop, NL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 110 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM hyslopn@warnell.uga.edu
FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; IACUC [A2002-10111-0]
FX The Georgia Department of Natural Resources Nongame Conservation Section
   and USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center provided funding for this
   project. We thank wildlife biologists and land managers of Fort Stewart
   for their considerable assistance, especially D. Stevenson, T. Beaty, L.
   Carlile, and J. Caligiure. We gratefully acknowledge J. Jensen and M.
   Harris for support of this project. T. Norton, The Wildlife Conservation
   Society, and Saint Catherines Island Foundation provided invaluable
   assistance with implantation procedures and snake care. We also thank J.
   Gibbons, C. Moore, R. Mordecai, A. Nowakowski, and C. Otto. The IACUC
   (A2002-10111-0) and Patuxent Animal Care and Use Committee approved the
   capture and handling of D. couperi in this study.
NR 46
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS
PI CHARLESTON
PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD,
   CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA
SN 0045-8511
J9 COPEIA
JI Copeia
PD SEP 3
PY 2009
IS 3
BP 458
EP 464
DI 10.1643/CH-07-171
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 494AT
UT WOS:000269782200005
ER

PT J
AU Bulut, F
   Bohnhoff, M
   Ellsworth, WL
   Aktar, M
   Dresen, G
AF Bulut, Fatih
   Bohnhoff, Marco
   Ellsworth, William L.
   Aktar, Mustafa
   Dresen, Georg
TI Microseismicity at the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara
   offshore Istanbul, NW Turkey
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID 1999 IZMIT EARTHQUAKE; MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION; ACTIVE TECTONICS;
   SEISMIC HAZARD; PULL-APART; AUGUST 17; CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE; MODELS;
   ARRAY
AB The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) below the Sea of Marmara forms a "seismic gap'' where a major earthquake is expected to occur in the near future. This segment of the fault lies between the 1912 Ganos and 1999 Izmit ruptures and is the only NAFZ segment that has not ruptured since 1766. To monitor the microseismic activity at the main fault branch offshore of Istanbul below the C1arc1k Basin, a permanent seismic array (PIRES) was installed on the two outermost Prince Islands, Yassiada and Sivriada, at a few kilometers distance to the fault. In addition, a temporary network of ocean bottom seismometers was deployed throughout the C1narc1k Basin. Slowness vectors are determined combining waveform cross correlation and P wave polarization. We jointly invert azimuth and traveltime observations for hypocenter determination and apply a bootstrap resampling technique to quantify the location precision. We observe seismicity rates of 20 events per month for M < 2.5 along the basin. The spatial distribution of hypocenters suggests that the two major fault branches bounding the depocenter below the C1narc1k Basin merge to one single master fault below similar to 17 km depth. On the basis of a cross-correlation technique we group closely spaced earthquakes and determine composite focal mechanisms implementing recordings of surrounding permanent land stations. Fault plane solutions have a predominant right-lateral strike-slip mechanism, indicating that normal faulting along this part of the NAFZ plays a minor role. Toward the west we observe increasing components of thrust faulting. This supports the model of NW trending, dextral strike-slip motion along the northern and main branch of the NAFZ below the eastern Sea of Marmara.
C1 [Bulut, Fatih; Bohnhoff, Marco] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Sect 3 2, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Ellsworth, William L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Aktar, Mustafa] Bogazici Univ, Kandilli Observ & Earthquake Res Inst, TR-34680 Istanbul, Turkey.
RP Bulut, F (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Sect 3 2, Telegrafenberg D424, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
EM bulut@gfz-potsdam.de; bohnhoff@gfz-potsdam.de; ellsworth@usgs.gov;
   aktar@boun.edu.tr; georg.dresen@gfz-potsdam.de
RI Bulut, Fatih/A-5821-2015; Bohnhoff, Marco/B-4354-2017
OI Bulut, Fatih/0000-0001-8108-8881; Bohnhoff, Marco/0000-0001-7383-635X
NR 56
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD SEP 3
PY 2009
VL 114
AR B09302
DI 10.1029/2008JB006244
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 492FR
UT WOS:000269640800002
ER

PT J
AU Park, J
   Morgan, JK
   Zelt, CA
   Okubo, PG
AF Park, Jaewoo
   Morgan, Julia K.
   Zelt, Colin A.
   Okubo, Paul G.
TI Volcano-tectonic implications of 3-D velocity structures derived from
   joint active and passive source tomography of the island of Hawaii
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID MAUNA-LOA-VOLCANO; MOBILE SOUTH FLANK; KILAUEA-VOLCANO; RIFT-ZONE;
   CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SEISMIC DETECTION; BENEATH; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; RIDGE
AB We present a velocity model of the onshore and offshore regions around the southern part of the island of Hawaii, including southern Mauna Kea, southeastern Hualalai, and the active volcanoes of Mauna Loa, and Kilauea, and Loihi seamount. The velocity model was inverted from about 200,000 first-arrival traveltime picks of earthquakes and air gun shots recorded at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Reconstructed volcanic structures of the island provide us with an improved understanding of the volcano-tectonic evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes and their interactions. The summits and upper rift zones of the active volcanoes are characterized by high-velocity materials, correlated with intrusive magma cumulates. These high-velocity materials often do not extend the full lengths of the rift zones, suggesting that rift zone intrusions may be spatially limited. Seismicity tends to be localized seaward of the most active intrusive bodies. Low-velocity materials beneath parts of the active rift zones of Kilauea and Mauna Loa suggest discontinuous rift zone intrusives, possibly due to the presence of a preexisting volcanic edifice, e. g., along Mauna Loa beneath Kilauea's southwest rift zone, or alternatively, removal of high-velocity materials by large-scale landsliding, e. g., along Mauna Loa's western flank. Both locations also show increased seismicity that may result from edifice interactions or reactivation of buried faults. New high-velocity regions are recognized and suggest the presence of buried, and in some cases, previously unknown rift zones, within the northwest flank of Mauna Loa, and the south flanks of Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Mauna Kea.
C1 [Park, Jaewoo; Morgan, Julia K.; Zelt, Colin A.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
   [Okubo, Paul G.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
RP Park, J (reprint author), ION GXT, Houston, TX USA.
EM samabar@gmail.com; morganj@rice.edu; czelt@rice.edu; pokubo@usgs.gov
RI Zelt, Colin/A-2555-2011; Morgan, Julia/C-7107-2013
OI Zelt, Colin/0000-0002-4686-9460; 
FU NSF [OCE 0221951, 0551750]
FX We thank L. Peters and N. Benesh for helping with extraction and initial
   processing of the wide-angle seismic refraction data. The reviews by C.
   Thurber and D. Hill improved the manuscript. Plots were generated using
   Generic Mapping Toos (GMT) [Wessel and Smith, 1998]. This research was
   supported by NSF grants OCE 0221951 and 0551750.
NR 72
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD SEP 3
PY 2009
VL 114
AR B09301
DI 10.1029/2008JB005929
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 492FR
UT WOS:000269640800001
ER

PT J
AU Belnap, J
   Reynolds, RL
   Reheis, MC
   Phillips, SL
   Urban, FE
   Goldstein, HL
AF Belnap, Jayne
   Reynolds, Richard L.
   Reheis, Marith C.
   Phillips, Susan L.
   Urban, Frank E.
   Goldstein, Harland L.
TI Sediment losses and gains across a gradient of livestock grazing and
   plant invasion in a cool, semi-arid grassland, Colorado Plateau, USA
SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Drylands; Dust; Global change; Land use; Wind erosion
ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; WIND EROSION; SOUTHERN NEVADA; DUST DEPOSITION;
   EOLIAN DUST; QUATERNARY SOILS; VEGETATION COVER; WATER EROSION;
   UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE-DESERT
AB Large sediment fluxes can have significant impacts on ecosystems. We measured incoming and outgoing sediment across a gradient of soil disturbance (livestock grazing, plowing) and annual plant invasion for 9 years. Our sites included two currently ungrazed sites: one never grazed by livestock and dominated by perennial grasses/well-developed biocrusts and one not grazed since 1974 and dominated by annual weeds with little biocrusts. We used two currently grazed sites: one dominated by annual weeds and the other dominated by perennial plants, both with little biocrusts. Precipitation was highly variable, with years of average, above-average, and extremely low precipitation. During years with average and above-average precipitation, the disturbed sites consistently produced 2.8 times more sediment than the currently undisturbed sites. The never grazed site always produced the least sediment of all the sites. During the drought years, we observed a 5600-fold increase in sediment production from the most disturbed site (dominated by annual grasses, plowed about 50 years previously and currently grazed by livestock) relative to the never grazed site dominated by perennial grasses and well-developed biocrusts, indicating a non-linear, synergistic response to increasing disturbance types and levels. Comparing sediment losses among the sites, biocrusts were most important in predicting site stability, followed by perennial plant cover. Incoming sediment was similar among the sites, and while inputs were up to 9-fold higher at the most heavily disturbed site during drought years compared to average years, the change during the drought conditions was small relative to the large change seen in the sediment outputs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Belnap, Jayne; Phillips, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
   [Reynolds, Richard L.; Reheis, Marith C.; Urban, Frank E.; Goldstein, Harland L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2290 SW Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA.
EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov
OI Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818
NR 71
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 3
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1875-9637
EI 2212-1684
J9 AEOLIAN RES
JI Aeolian Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 1
IS 1-2
BP 27
EP 43
DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.03.001
PG 17
WC Geography, Physical
SC Physical Geography
GA V20CN
UT WOS:000208118200004
ER

PT J
AU Griffiths, PG
   Webb, RH
   Fisher, M
   Muth, A
AF Griffiths, Peter G.
   Webb, Robert H.
   Fisher, Mark
   Muth, Allan
TI Plants and ventifacts delineate late Holocene wind vectors in the
   Coachella Valley, USA
SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Aeolian transport; Wind direction; Ventifacts; Desert geomorphology;
   Desert plants
AB Strong westerly winds that emanate from San Gorgonio Pass, the lowest point between Palm Springs and Los Angeles, California, dominate aeolian transport in the Coachella Valley of the western Sonoran Desert. These winds deposit sand in coppice dunes that are critical habitat for several species, including the state and federally listed threatened species Uma inornata, a lizard. Although wind directions are generally defined in this valley, the wind field has complex interactions with local topography and becomes more variable with distance from the pass. Local, dominant wind directions are preserved by growth patterns of Larrea tridentata (creosote bush), a shrub characteristic of the hot North American deserts, and ventifacts. Exceptionally long-lived, Larrea has the potential to preserve wind direction over centuries to millennia, shaped by the abrasive pruning of windward branches and the persistent training of leeward branches. Wind direction preserved in Larrea individuals and clones was mapped at 192 locations. Compared with wind data from three weather stations, Larrea vectors effectively reflect annual prevailing winds. Ventifacts measured at 24 locations record winds 100 more westerly than Larrea and appear to reflect the direction of the most erosive winds. Based on detailed mapping of local wind directions as preserved in Larrea, only the northern half of the Mission-Morongo Creek floodplain is likely to supply sand to protected U. inornata habitat in the Willow Hole ecological reserve. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Griffiths, Peter G.; Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
   [Fisher, Mark; Muth, Allan] Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Res Ctr, Palm Desert, CA 92261 USA.
RP Griffiths, PG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM pggriffi@usgs.gov; rhwebb@usgs.gov; sandlizards@mindspring.com;
   sandlizards@mindspring.com
FU Coachella Valley Association of Governments
FX Cameron Barrows and Nicholas Lancaster provided early encouragement of
   this work. Joseph McAuliffe provided encouragement and discussion of his
   work. Jeffrey Gartner and Lancaster gave useful comments on the
   manuscript. Early parts of this work were funded by the Coachella Valley
   Association of Governments.
NR 37
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1875-9637
J9 AEOLIAN RES
JI Aeolian Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 1
IS 1-2
BP 63
EP 73
DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.07.001
PG 11
WC Geography, Physical
SC Physical Geography
GA V20CN
UT WOS:000208118200007
ER

PT J
AU Wagner, CM
   Twohey, MB
   Fine, JM
AF Wagner, C. Michael
   Twohey, Michael B.
   Fine, Jared M.
TI Conspecific cueing in the sea lamprey: do reproductive migrations
   consistently follow the most intense larval odour?
SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
LA English
DT Article
DE conspecific cue; habitat selection; migration; Petromyzon marinus;
   pheromone; sea lamprey
ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; GREAT-LAKES; PUBLIC
   INFORMATION; BROOK LAMPREY; BILE-ACIDS; GROWTH; METAMORPHOSIS; BEHAVIOR;
   STREAMS
AB Conspecific cueing occurs when an organism receives information about habitat quality from the distribution of conspecifics. Consequently, animals should prefer to settle in habitats with high occupancy when conspecific cueing is used. Unlike salmonid fishes, which often acquire chemical recognition of natal streams in early life, sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, larvae produce a remarkably potent pheromone that migrating adults use to locate spawning streams. The size of the spawning migration in tributaries to the Great Lakes is correlated with the number of larvae resident to the stream, and therefore the amount of pheromone discharging into the lake. By releasing controlled amounts of larval odour into a lamprey-less stream, we tested the hypotheses that migrating sea lampreys ( 1) avoid swimming in waters that lack larval odour and ( 2) actively choose to swim in waters activated with the highest concentration of larval odour. Migrating sea lamprey clearly showed. ne-scale movements (<3 m) in streams to avoid swimming in waters that lacked larval odour. However, migrants only preferred intense odours after the difference in pheromone concentration reached an order of magnitude. These results suggest that the migratory pheromone functions primarily to establish the eligibility of a river for larval rearing and as a source of public information to indicate large differences in reproductive habitat quality to migrating adults. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wagner, C. Michael] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Twohey, Michael B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA.
   [Fine, Jared M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Wagner, CM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM mwagner@msu.edu
FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Partnership for Ecosystem Research and
   Management with Michigan State University
FX We thank Mr Bill Swink and Dr Roger Bergstedt of the U. S. Geological
   Survey's Hammond Bay Biological Station Millersburg, Michigan, for
   provision of the extracted larval odour. We also thank the staff of the
   U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Marquette Biological Station, Marquette,
   Michigan, and Mr Gale Bravener of the Department of Fisheries and
   Oceans, Ontario, Canada, for assistance in the field. This research was
   funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission via a grant to C. M. W. and
   the Partnership for Ecosystem Research and Management with Michigan
   State University.
NR 46
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 3
U2 23
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0003-3472
J9 ANIM BEHAV
JI Anim. Behav.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 78
IS 3
BP 593
EP 599
DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.04.027
PG 7
WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
GA 488OX
UT WOS:000269360400003
ER

PT J
AU Gowda, PH
   Senay, GB
   Howell, TA
   Marek, TH
AF Gowda, P. H.
   Senay, G. B.
   Howell, T. A.
   Marek, T. H.
TI LYSIMETRIC EVALUATION OF SIMPLIFIED SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE APPROACH IN
   THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS
SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Texas panhandle; Semiarid; Operational ET mapping; Remote sensing
ID MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CALIBRATION; MODEL; FLUXES; SCALE; CROP;
   SOIL
AB Numerous energy balance (EB) algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) regionally. However, most EB models are complex to use and efforts arc, being made to simplify procedures mainly through the scaling of reference ET The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) is one such method. This approach has never been evaluated using measured ET data. In this study, the SSEB approach was applied to 14 Landsat TM images covering a major portion of the Southern High Plains that were acquired during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons. Performance of the SSEB was evaluated by comparing estimated ET with measured daily ET from four large monolithic lysimeters at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. Statistical evaluation of results indicated that the SSEB accounted for 84% of the variability in the measured ET values with a slope and intercept of 0.75 and 1.1 mm d(-1), respectively. Considering the minimal amount of ancillary data required and excellent performance in predicting daily ET, the SSEB approach is a promising tool for mapping ET in the semiarid Texas high Plains and in other parts of the world with similar hydro-climatic conditions.
C1 [Gowda, P. H.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA.
   [Senay, G. B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
   [Marek, T. H.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX USA.
RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA.
NR 23
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0883-8542
EI 1943-7838
J9 APPL ENG AGRIC
JI Appl. Eng. Agric.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 5
BP 665
EP 669
PG 5
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA 512CJ
UT WOS:000271220200004
ER

PT J
AU Diaz, X
   Johnson, WP
   Fernandez, D
   Naftz, DL
AF Diaz, Ximena
   Johnson, William P.
   Fernandez, Diego
   Naftz, David L.
TI Size and elemental distributions of nano- to micro-particulates in the
   geochemically-stratified Great Salt Lake
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLLOIDAL
   ORGANIC-MATTER; NATURAL AQUATIC COLLOIDS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES;
   TRACE-METALS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NARRAGANSETT BAY; ICP-MS; WATER
AB The characterization of trace elements in terms of their apportionment among dissolved, macromolecular, nano- and micro-particulate phases in the water column of the Great Salt Lake carries implications for the potential entry of toxins into the food web of the lake. Samples from the anoxic deep and oxic shallow brine layers of the lake were fractionated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). The associated trace elements were measured via online collision cell inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CC-ICP-MS). Results showed that of the total (dissolved + particulate) trace element mass, the percent associated with particulates varied from negligible (e.g. Sb), to greater than 50% (e.g. Al, Fe, Pb). Elements such as Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Au, Hg, and U were associated with nanoparticles, as well as being present as dissolved species. Particulate-associated trace elements were predominantly associated with particulates larger than 450 nm in size. Among the smaller nanoparticulates (<450 nm), some trace elements (Ni, Zn, Au and Pb) showed higher percent mass (associated with nanoparticles) in the 0.9-7.5 nm size range relative to the 10-250 nm size range. The apparent nanoparticle size distributions were similar between the two brine layers; whereas, important differences in elemental associations to nanoparticles were discerned between the two layers. Elements such as Zn, Cu, Pb and Mo showed increasing signal intensities from oxic shallow to anoxic deep brine, suggesting the formation of sulfide nanoparticles, although this may also reflect association with dissolved organic matter. Aluminum and Fe showed greatly increased concentration with depth and equivalent size distributions that differed from those of Zn, Cu, Pb and Mo. Other elements (e.g. Mn, Ni, and Co) showed no significant change in signal intensity with depth. Arsenic was associated with <2 nm nanoparticles, and showed no increase in concentration with depth, possibly indicating dissolved arsenite. Mercury was associated with <2 nm nanoparticles, and showed greatly increased concentration with depth, possibly indicating association with dissolved organic matter. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Diaz, Ximena; Johnson, William P.; Fernandez, Diego; Naftz, David L.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Naftz, David L.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
RP Johnson, WP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, 135 S 1460 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM william.johnson@utah.edu
RI Johnson, William/G-7733-2011
FU State of Utah - Department of Environmental Quality - Division of Water
   Quality (DWQ); US Geological Survey (USGS)
FX This project was funded by the State of Utah - Department of
   Environmental Quality - Division of Water Quality (DWQ) and the US
   Geological Survey (USGS). Use of brand names in this publication does
   not constitute endorsement by either the University of Utah or the US
   Geological Survey. The authors want to thank Dr. Ronald Beckett and the
   anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments during review of this
   manuscript.
NR 79
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 24
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 9
BP 1653
EP 1665
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.031
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 504VC
UT WOS:000270644900005
ER

PT J
AU Summerfelt, ST
   Sharrer, M
   Gearheart, M
   Gillette, K
   Vinci, BJ
AF Summerfelt, S. T.
   Sharrer, M.
   Gearheart, M.
   Gillette, K.
   Vinci, B. J.
TI Evaluation of partial water reuse systems used for Atlantic salmon smolt
   production at the White River National Fish Hatchery
SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Design, Loading and Water Quality in Recirculating Systems
   for Salmonids held at the 4th Aquacultural-Engineering-Society Issues
   Forum
CY JUL 23-24, 2008
CL Roanoke, VA
SP Aquacultural Engn Soc
DE Reuse; Recirculating; Aquaculture; Atlantic salmon; Smolt; Restoration;
   Hatchery
ID SALAR L. SMOLTS; GROWTH; PHYSIOLOGY; HYPEROXIA; EXERCISE
AB Eight of the existing 9.1 m (30 ft) diameter circular culture tanks at the White River National Fish Hatchery in Bethel, Vermont, were retrofitted and plumbed into two 8000 L/min partial water reuse systems to help meet the region's need for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt production. The partial reuse systems were designed to increase fish production on a limited but biosecure water resource, maintain excellent water quality, and provide more optimum swimming speeds for salmonids than those provided in traditional single-pass or serial-reuse raceways. The two systems were stocked with a total of 147,1340 Atlantic salmon part in May of 2005 (mean size 89 mm and 8.5 g/fish) and operated with 87-89% water reuse on a flow basis. By the time that the smolt were removed from the systems between March 28 to April 12,2006, the salmon smolt had reached a mean size of 24 cm and 137 g and hatchery staff considered the quality of the salmon to be exceptional. Overall feed conversion was <1:1. The Cornell-type dual-drain circular culture tanks were found to be self-cleaning and provided mean water rotational velocities that ranged from a low of 0.034 m/s (0.2 body length per second) near the center of the tank to a high of 39 cm/s (2.2 body length per second) near the perimeter of the tank. The fish swam at approximately the same speed as the water rotated. System water quality data were collected in mid-September when the systems were operated at near full loading, i.e., 24 kg/m(3) maximum density and 52.1 and 44.1 kg/day of feed in system A and system B, respectively. During this evaluation, afternoon water temperatures, as well as dissolved oxygen (O(2)), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations that exited the culture tank's sidewall drains averaged 14.8 and 15.9 degrees C, of 7.9 and 8.2 mg/L (O(2)), 4.0 and 3.2 mg/L (CO(2)), 0.72 and 0.67 mg/L (TAN), and 0.52 and 0.13 mg/L (TSS), respectively, in system A and system B. Dissolved O(2) was fairly uniform across each culture tank. In addition, water temperature varied diurnally and seasonally in a distinct pattern that corresponded to water temperature fluctuations in the nearby river water, as planned. This work demonstrates that partial reuse systems are an effective alternative to traditional single-pass systems and serial-reuse raceway systems for culture of fish intended for endangered species restoration programs and supplementation programs such as salmon smolt. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Summerfelt, S. T.; Sharrer, M.; Gearheart, M.; Vinci, B. J.] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA.
   [Gillette, K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, VT 05032 USA.
RP Summerfelt, ST (reprint author), Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, 1098 Turner Rd, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA.
EM s.summerfelt@freshwaterinstitute.org
OI Vinci, Brian/0000-0002-5724-6955
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0144-8609
J9 AQUACULT ENG
JI Aquac. Eng.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 41
IS 2
BP 78
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2009.06.003
PG 7
WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries
SC Agriculture; Fisheries
GA 504UT
UT WOS:000270643900006
ER

PT J
AU Blanchfield, PJ
   Tate, LS
   Plumb, JM
   Acolas, ML
   Beaty, KG
AF Blanchfield, Paul J.
   Tate, Lori S.
   Plumb, John M.
   Acolas, Marie-Laure
   Beaty, Ken G.
TI Seasonal habitat selection by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a
   small Canadian shield lake: constraints imposed by winter conditions
SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Winter Limnology Symposium
CY MAY 24-28, 2008
CL Kilpisjarvi Biol Stn, Kilpisjarvi, FINLAND
SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Univ Joensuu, Univ Helsinki
HO Kilpisjarvi Biol Stn
DE Acoustic telemetry; Habitat selection; Ice; Lake trout; Winter
ID HOME-RANGE; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; LIPID DEPLETION; ARCTIC CHARR; BROOK
   TROUT; SIZE; LIGHT; PREY; ICE; TEMPERATURE
AB The need for cold, well-oxygenated waters significantly reduces the habitat available for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) during stratification of small temperate lakes. We examined the spatial and pelagic distribution of lake trout over two consecutive summers and winters and tested whether winter increased habitat availability and access to littoral regions in a boreal shield lake in which pelagic prey fish are absent. In winter, lake trout had a narrowly defined pelagic distribution that was skewed to the upper 3 m of the water column and spatially situated in the central region of the lake. Individual core areas of use (50% Kernel utilization distributions) in winter were much reduced (75%) and spatially non-overlapping compared to summer areas, but activity levels were similar between seasons. Winter habitat selection is in contrast to observations from the stratified season, when lake trout were consistently located in much deeper waters (> 6 m) and widely distributed throughout the lake. Winter distribution of lake trout appeared to be strongly influenced by ambient light levels; snow depth and day length accounted for up to 69% of the variation in daily median fish depth. More restricted habitat use during winter than summer was in contrast to our original prediction and illustrates that a different suite of factors influence lake trout distribution between these seasons.
C1 [Blanchfield, Paul J.; Tate, Lori S.; Beaty, Ken G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
   [Plumb, John M.] US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
   [Acolas, Marie-Laure] Irstea, UR EPBX, F-33612 Cestas, France.
   [Blanchfield, Paul J.; Tate, Lori S.; Beaty, Ken G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
RP Blanchfield, PJ (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
EM Paul.Blanchfield@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
NR 40
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 31
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1386-2588
EI 1573-5125
J9 AQUAT ECOL
JI Aquat. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 3
BP 777
EP 787
DI 10.1007/s10452-009-9266-3
PG 11
WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 494SS
UT WOS:000269837500018
ER

PT J
AU Ward, DH
   Dau, CP
   Tibbitts, TL
   Sedinger, JS
   Anderson, BA
   Hines, JE
AF Ward, David H.
   Dau, Christian P.
   Tibbitts, T. Lee
   Sedinger, James S.
   Anderson, Betty A.
   Hines, James E.
TI Change in Abundance of Pacific Brant Wintering in Alaska: Evidence of a
   Climate Warming Effect?
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska Peninsula; abundance; Branta bernicla nigricans; climate warming;
   distribution; Izembek Lagoon; Pacific brant; Pacific Decadal
   Oscillation; wintering
ID BLACK BRANT; BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; NORTH PACIFIC; BERING-SEA; EELGRASS
   ABUNDANCE; POLEWARD SHIFTS; IZEMBEK LAGOON; ALEUTIAN LOW; SURVIVAL;
   OSCILLATION
AB Winter distribution of Pacific Flyway brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) has shifted northward from low-temperate areas to sub-Arctic areas over the last 42 years. We assessed the winter abundance and distribution of brant in Alaska to evaluate whether climate warming may be contributing to positive trends in the most northern of the wintering populations. Mean surface air temperatures during winter at the end of the Alaska Peninsula increased about 1 degrees C between 1963 and 2004, resulting in a 23% reduction in freezing degree days and a 34% decline in the number of days when ice cover prevents birds from accessing food resources. Trends in the wintering population fluctuated with states of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, increasing during positive (warm) phases and decreasing during negative (cold) phases, and this correlation provides support for the hypothesis that growth in the wintering Population of brant in Alaska is linked to climate warming. The size of the wintering population was negatively correlated with the number of days of strong northwesterly winds in November, which suggests that the occurrence of tailwinds favorable for migration before the onset of winter was a key factor in whether brant migrated from Alaska or remained there during winter. Winter distribution of brant on the Alaska Peninsula was highly variable and influenced by ice cover, particularly at the heavily used Izembek Lagoon. Observations of previously marked brant indicated that the Alaska wintering population was composed primarily of birds originating from Arctic breeding colonies that appear to be growing. Numbers of brant in Alaska during winter will likely increase as temperatures rise and ice cover decreases at high latitudes in response to climate warming.
C1 [Ward, David H.; Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Dau, Christian P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
   [Sedinger, James S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
   [Anderson, Betty A.] ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA.
   [Hines, James E.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada.
RP Ward, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM dward@usgs.gov
FU Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Region
   7; U.S. Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center
FX Funding for this project was provided by the Izembek National Wildlife
   Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-Region 7, and the U.S. Geological
   Survey-Alaska Science Center. We thank N. Chelgren, T. Olson, D. Safine,
   B. Schulmeister, and L. Ziemba for their assistance with the fieldwork.
   We are also grateful to D. Derksen for his support. D. Douglas and H.
   Eicken kindly provided their expertise on the ice dynamics. This paper
   benefited from discussions with P. Flint and from reviews by T.
   Alerstam, T. Bowman, T. Fondell, J. Hupp, and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 67
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 4
U2 21
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
   CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
EI 1923-1245
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 62
IS 3
BP 301
EP 311
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 493YR
UT WOS:000269776200006
ER

PT J
AU Elsner, WK
   Jorgenson, JC
AF Elsner, Wendy K.
   Jorgenson, Janet C.
TI White Spruce Seedling (Picea glauca) Discovered North of the Brooks
   Range along Alaska's Dalton Highway
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Article
DE boreal forest; Brooks Range; forest-tundra; tree line; white spruce
ID TREELINE; TUNDRA
AB A white spruce seedling, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, was found at the northern edge of the Brooks Range in Alaska, more than 50 km north of the latitudinal tree line. The seedling, 19 cm tall and about nine years old, was growing at the side of the Dalton Highway to Prudhoe Bay. It most likely sprouted from a seed transported across the Brooks Range on a vehicle and has survived on the well-drained gravel road berm, where site conditions are more favorable for germination and survival than in the surrounding tundra. This spruce has survived for about a decade under current climatic conditions. Even with a warming climate, natural seed dispersal is severely hampered by the rugged topographic barrier of the Brooks Range. Considering the amount of vehicle traffic on the Dalton Highway, however, it is likely that more pioneering spruce seedlings will turn up along this corridor. Once over the Brooks Range, a spruce population can potentially develop and expand.
C1 [Elsner, Wendy K.; Jorgenson, Janet C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
RP Jorgenson, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
EM janet_jorgenson@fws.gov
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
   CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 62
IS 3
BP 342
EP 344
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 493YR
UT WOS:000269776200011
ER

PT J
AU Fedy, BC
   Martin, TE
AF Fedy, Bradley C.
   Martin, Thomas E.
TI Male songbirds provide indirect parental care by guarding females during
   incubation
SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE foraging; gray-headed juncos; mate guarding; parental care; red-faced
   warblers
ID AVIAN INCUBATION; PREDATION; COMPETITION; VIGILANCE; BEHAVIOR; WARBLER
AB Across many taxa, guarding of fertile mates is a widespread tactic that enhances paternity assurance. However, guarding of mates can also occur during the nonfertile period, and the fitness benefits of this behavior are unclear. Male songbirds, for example, sometimes guard nonfertile females during foraging recesses from incubation. We hypothesized that guarding postreproductive mates may have important, but unrecognized, benefits by enhancing female foraging efficiency, thereby increasing time spent incubating eggs. We tested the hypothesis in 2 songbird species by examining female behavior during natural and experimentally induced absences of males. Male absence caused increased vigilance in foraging females that decreased their efficiency and resulted in less time spent incubating eggs. Male guarding of nonfertile females can thus provide a previously unrecognized form of indirect parental care.
C1 [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Fedy, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM bcfedy@gmail.com
RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; 
OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764]; United States
   Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program; National Research
   Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and
   Extension Service [2005-02817]; Natural Sciences and Engineering
   Research Council
FX National Science Foundation (DEB-0543178, DEB-0841764), the United
   States Geological Survey Climate Change Research Program, and the
   National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research,
   Education and Extension Service (2005-02817) (to T. E. M.); Natural
   Sciences and Engineering Research Council postdoctoral fellowship (to B.
   C. F.).
NR 30
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 16
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1045-2249
J9 BEHAV ECOL
JI Behav. Ecol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2009
VL 20
IS 5
BP 1034
EP 1038
DI 10.1093/beheco/arp094
PG 5
WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
   Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 496FZ
UT WOS:000269956400018
ER

PT J
AU Stovall, WK
   Houghton, BF
   Harris, AJL
   Swanson, DA
AF Stovall, W. K.
   Houghton, Bruce F.
   Harris, Andrew J. L.
   Swanson, Donald A.
TI Features of lava lake filling and draining and their implications for
   eruption dynamics
SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Lava lake; Kilauea; Hawai'i; Filling; Draining; Lava shelves; Vertical
   rinds
ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; BASALTIC LAVA; HAWAII; FLOWS
AB Lava lakes experience filling, circulation, and often drainage depending upon the style of activity and location of the vent. Features formed by these processes have proved difficult to document due to dangerous conditions during the eruption, inaccessibility, and destruction of features during lake drainage. KA << lauea Iki lava lake, KA << lauea, Hawai'i, preserves many such features, because lava ponded in a pre-existing crater adjacent to the vent and eventually filled to the level of, and interacted with, the vent and lava fountains. During repeated episodes, a cyclic pattern of lake filling to above vent level, followed by draining back to vent level, preserved features associated with both filling and draining. Field investigations permit us to describe the characteristic features associated with lava lakes on length scales ranging from centimeters to hundreds of meters in a fashion analogous to descriptions of lava flows. Multiple vertical rinds of lava coating the lake walls formed during filling as the lake deepened and lava solidified against vertical faces. Drainage of the lake resulted in uneven formation of roughly horizontal lava shelves on the lakeward edge of the vertical rinds; the shelves correlate with stable, staggered lake stands. Shelves either formed as broken relict slabs of lake crust that solidified in contact with the wall or by accumulation, accretion, and widening at the lake surface in a dynamic lateral flow regime. Thin, upper lava shelves reflect an initially dynamic environment, in which rapid lake lowering was replaced by slower and more staggered drainage with the formation of thicker, more laterally continuous shelves. At all lava lakes experiencing stages of filling and draining these processes may occur and result in the formation of similar sets of features.
C1 [Stovall, W. K.; Houghton, Bruce F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Harris, Andrew J. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Swanson, Donald A.] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA.
RP Stovall, WK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM wstovall@hawaii.edu
FU NSF [EAR-0709303]
FX We thank Andrea M. Steffke and C. Ian Schipper for their help with field
   work and sample collection. Thoughtful and very helpful comments were
   provided by Fred Witham, Rosalind T. Helz and Michael A. Clynne as well
   as Julia E. Hammer and Sarah A. Fagents. This research was sponsored by
   NSF grant EAR-0709303.
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0258-8900
J9 B VOLCANOL
JI Bull. Volcanol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 71
IS 7
BP 767
EP 780
DI 10.1007/s00445-009-0263-0
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 490TY
UT WOS:000269529500005
ER

PT J
AU Zaczek, JJ
   Baer, SG
   Hartleb, JL
   Brendecke, WW
   Schoonover, JE
   Williard, KWJ
   Groninger, JW
AF Zaczek, J. J.
   Baer, S. G.
   Hartleb, J. L.
   Brendecke, W. W.
   Schoonover, J. E.
   Williard, K. W. J.
   Groninger, J. W.
TI Survival and Genet Growth and Development of Field-Planted Giant Cane
   (Arundinaria gigantea) over Time in Southern Illinois
SO CASTANEA
LA English
DT Article
CT Symposium on Thems the Brakes - The Past and Future of North American
   Bamboo
CY APR 17, 2008
CL Spartanburg, SC
SP Furman Univ, Wofford Coll, Assoc SE Biologists, So Appalachian Bot Soc
ID RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES; BAMBOO; FOREST
AB The drastic loss of giant cone (Arundinaria gigantea) -dominated communities (canebrakes) in southeastern North America has spurred great interest in habitat restoration. We report on two giant cane restoration studies that investigate the effects of collection source, rhizome propagule morphological characteristics and type (greenhouse-grown containerized stock plants or bare rhizomes), site, and time on genet survival and growth. Survival over the two studies (after three and five years) differed by propagule collection source, was marginally greater when planting older containerized stock, and varied between sites. Although field survival tended to be somewhat greater for greenhouse-grown containerized stock in comparison to bare rhizomes, overall survival was similar for both stock types when accounting for mortality of planted rhizomes in the greenhouse. The number of culms, their height, and spread of the genets increased over time and differed by planting stock type in each study. At Becca's Tract, cane genet growth ranged from a mean of 1.4 +/- 0.1 culms that were 41.7 +/- 1.8 cm tall with essentially no spread after the first growing season to a mean of 80.6 +/- 7.6 culms that were 99.8 +/- 2.8 cm tall with a spread of 212.1 +/- 19.6 cm after five years. Giant cone rhizome sections initially grown in a greenhouse or planted directly in the field can be used to establish canebrokes in a framework that is operationally feasible for large-scale restoration.
C1 [Zaczek, J. J.; Schoonover, J. E.; Williard, K. W. J.; Groninger, J. W.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry & Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
   [Baer, S. G.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
   [Baer, S. G.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
   [Hartleb, J. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puxico, MO 63960 USA.
   [Brendecke, W. W.] US Forest Serv, Prairie City, OR 97869 USA.
RP Zaczek, JJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry & Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
EM zaczek@siu.edu
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL
PI NEWBERRY
PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST,
   NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA
SN 0008-7475
J9 CASTANEA
JI Castanea
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 74
IS 3
BP 286
EP 299
PG 14
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 508MP
UT WOS:000270935800010
ER

PT J
AU Rivera, S
   Kershner, JL
   Keller, GR
AF Rivera, Samuel
   Kershner, Jeffrey L.
   Keller, Gordon R.
TI Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in
   Honduras
SO CIENCIA E INVESTIGACION AGRARIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Erosion; forest roads; Honduras; road surface; soil; tropical forest
AB S. Rivera, J.L. Kershner, and G.R. Keller. 2009. Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(3):425-432. Using forest roads produces more erosion and sedimentation than any other forest or agricultural activity. This study evaluated soil losses from a forest road in central Honduras over two consecutive years. We divided a 400-m segment of road into 8 experimental units, each 50 m in length. Four units were treated with Best Management Practices (BMPs) and four were left untreated. The BMP treatments included reshaping the road prism, installing culverts and reshaping of road ditches, compacting 20-cm layers of the road tread, crowning the road surface (3% slope, double drainage), longitudinal sloping (less than 12%), and adding a 10-cm layer of gravel (crush size = 0.63 cm). Soil movement was measured daily during the rainy seasons. The highest soil loss occurred in the control road, around 500 m(3) km(-1) per year, while the road treated with BMP lost approximately 225 m(3)km(-1) per year. These results show that road surface erosion can be reduced up to 50% with the implementation of surface treatments.
C1 [Rivera, Samuel] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] Montana State Univ, USGS, BRD, NOROCK, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Keller, Gordon R.] US Forest Serv Plumas Natl Forest, Quincy, CA 95971 USA.
RP Rivera, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM samuel.rivera@aggiemail.usu.edu
FU U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Foreign Agricultural Service
FX We would like to thank to the sponsor of this research project: the U.S.
   Department of Agriculture through the Foreign Agricultural Service and
   the International Cooperation Scientific Exchange Program. The USFS-
   Fish and Ecology Unit at Utah State University provided the logistical
   support for this study.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE, FAC AGRONOMIA INGENIERIA FORESTAL
PI SANTIAGO
PA AV VICUNA MACKENNA 4860, SANTIAGO, 00000, CHILE
SN 0718-1620
J9 CIENC INVESTIG AGRAR
JI Cienc. Investig. Agrar.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2009
VL 36
IS 3
BP 425
EP 432
PG 8
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture
GA 524TH
UT WOS:000272165600009
ER

PT J
AU Stanislawski, LV
AF Stanislawski, Lawrence V.
TI Feature pruning by upstream drainage area to support automated
   generalization of the United States National Hydrography Dataset
SO COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Automated generalization; Hydrographic network; National Hydrography
   Dataset; Directed graph; Catchment
AB The United States Geological Survey has been researching generalization approaches to enable multiple-scale display and delivery of geographic data. This paper presents automated methods to prune network and polygon features of the United States high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) to lower resolutions. Feature-pruning rules, data enrichment, and partitioning are derived from knowledge of surface water, the NHD model, and associated feature specification standards. Relative prominence of network features is estimated from upstream drainage area (UDA). Network and polygon features are pruned by UDA and NHD reach code to achieve a drainage density appropriate for any less detailed map scale. Data partitioning maintains local drainage density variations that characterize the terrain. For demonstration, a 48 subbasin area of 1:24 000-scale NHD was pruned to 1: 100 000-scale (100 K) and compared to a benchmark, the 100 K NHD. The coefficient of line correspondence (CLC) is used to evaluate how well pruned network features match the benchmark network. CLC values of 0.82 and 0.77 result from pruning with and without partitioning, respectively. The number of polygons that remain after pruning is about seven times that of the benchmark, but the area covered by the polygons that remain after pruning is only about 10% greater than the area covered by benchmark polygons. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
RP Stanislawski, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Excellence Geospatial Informat Sci, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
EM lstan@usgs.gov
NR 37
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0198-9715
J9 COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN
JI Comput. Environ. Urban Syst.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 33
IS 5
BP 325
EP 333
DI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.07.004
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
   Environmental; Environmental Studies; Geography; Operations Research &
   Management Science
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Geography; Operations Research & Management Science
GA 504PL
UT WOS:000270629200003
ER

PT J
AU Collie, JS
   Hermsen, JM
   Valentine, PC
AF Collie, Jeremy S.
   Hermsen, Jerome M.
   Valentine, Page C.
TI Recolonization of gravel habitats on Georges Bank (northwest Atlantic)
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Marine Benthic Ecology and Biodiversity - A Compilation of
   Recent Advances held in Honor of J Frederick Grassle
CY NOV 20-21, 2008
CL Rutgers Univ, Inst Marine Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ
HO Rutgers Univ, Inst Marine Coastal Sci
DE Northeast Atlantic; Continental shelf; Georges Bank; Gravel; Sediment;
   Ecosystem disturbance; Recolonization; Benthos; Trawling; Dredging
ID BENTHIC MEGAFAUNA; COMMUNITY; SEDIMENT; IMPACTS; GEAR
AB Gravel habitats on continental shelves around the world support productive fisheries but are also vulnerable to disturbance from bottom fishing. We conducted a 2-year in situ experiment to measure the rate of colonization of a gravel habitat on northern Georges Bank in an area closed to fishing (Closed Area II) since December 1994. Three large (0.25 m(2)) sediment trays containing defaunated pebble gravel were deployed at a study site (47 m water depth) in July 1997 and recovered in June 1999. The undersides of the tray lids positioned 56 cm above the trays served as settlement panels over the same time period. We observed rapid colonization of the gravel substrate (56 species) and the settlement panels (35 species), indicating that colonization of gravel in this region is not limited by the supply of colonists. The species composition of the taxa found in the trays was broadly similar to that we collected over a 10-year period (1994-2004) in dredge samples from gravel sediments at the same site.
   The increase in abundance of animals in the gravel colonization trays was rapid and reached a level in 2 years that took 4.5 years to achieve in the surrounding gravel sediments once fishing had stopped, based on data from dredge sampling at this site. The increase in biomass of animals found in the sediment trays paralleled the trend of biomass increase observed in dredge samples over the same period (1997-1999) but was lower in value. These data suggest that after rapid initial increase in abundance of organisms, succession proceeded by increasing individual body size.
   A comparison of settlement panel and tray faunas revealed that the mean biomass of structure-forming epifauna (sponges, bryozoans, anemones, hydroids, colonial tube worms) on the panels was 8 times that found on the trays. Structure-forming taxa constituted 29% of the mean biomass of the panel fauna but only 5.5% of the tray fauna. By contrast, the mean biomass of scavengers (crabs, echinoderms, nudibranchs, gastropods) in the trays was 32 times that on the panels. Colonization of the tray gravel was more rapid for free-living species (many of which are prey for fish) than for structure-forming epifauna, though colonists of the latter species were present. The reduced success of structure-forming species in colonizing the tray gravel possibly is related to factors such as intermittent burial of the gravel by migrating sand and low survival of new recruits due to the presence of high numbers of scavengers on the gravel. These two factors might explain, to varying degree, the slow recolonization of gravel habitats by structure-forming species in Closed Area II of the northern part of Georges Bank. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Collie, Jeremy S.; Hermsen, Jerome M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   [Valentine, Page C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Collie, JS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM jcollie@gso.uri.edu; jerome.Hermsen@noaa.gov; pvalentine@usgs.gov
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 56
IS 19-20
BP 1847
EP 1855
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.025
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 504RT
UT WOS:000270635700030
ER

PT J
AU Ostoja, SM
   Schupp, EW
AF Ostoja, Steven M.
   Schupp, Eugene W.
TI Conversion of sagebrush shrublands to exotic annual grasslands
   negatively impacts small mammal communities
SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Big sagebrush; biological invasions; Great Basin desert; rodent
   communities; small mammals
ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; NEW-MEXICO; DESERT; COMPETITION; INVASION;
   DISTRIBUTIONS; BIODIVERSITY; CHEATGRASS; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE
AB Aim
   The exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is fast replacing sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities throughout the Great Basin Desert and nearby regions in the Western United States, impacting native plant communities and altering fire regimes, which contributes to the long-term persistence of this weedy species. The effect of this conversion on native faunal communities remains largely unexamined. We assess the impact of conversion from native perennial to exotic annual plant communities on desert rodent communities.
   Location
   Wyoming big sagebrush shrublands and nearby sites previously converted to cheatgrass-dominated annual grasslands in the Great Basin Desert, Utah, USA.
   Methods
   At two sites in Tooele County, Utah, USA, we investigated with Sherman live trapping whether intact sagebrush vegetation and nearby converted Bromus tectorum-dominated vegetation differed in rodent abundance, diversity and community composition.
   Results
   Rodent abundance and species richness were considerably greater in sagebrush plots than in cheatgrass-dominated plots. Nine species were captured in sagebrush plots; five of these were also trapped in cheatgrass plots, all at lower abundances than in the sagebrush. In contrast, cheatgrass-dominated plots had no species that were not found in sagebrush. In addition, the site that had been converted to cheatgrass longer had lower abundances of rodents than the site more recently converted to cheatgrass-dominated plots. Despite large differences in abundances and species richness, Simpson's D diversity and Shannon-Wiener diversity and Brillouin evenness indices did not differ between sagebrush and cheatgrass-dominated plots.
   Main conclusions
   This survey of rodent communities in native sagebrush and in converted cheatgrass-dominated vegetation suggests that the abundances and community composition of rodents may be shifting, potentially at the larger spatial scale of the entire Great Basin, where cheatgrass continues to invade and dominate more landscape at a rapid rate.
C1 [Ostoja, Steven M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA.
   [Ostoja, Steven M.; Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   [Ostoja, Steven M.; Schupp, Eugene W.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Ostoja, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA.
EM sostoja@usgs.gov
RI Schupp, Eugene/F-1834-2010
FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US
   Department of Agriculture [2001-52103-11322]; Utah Agricultural
   Experiment Station (UAES), Utah State University (USU), Logan, UT, USA;
   USU Ecology Center; USU School of Graduate Studies
FX This research was funded by the Cooperative State Research, Education,
   and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No.
   2001-52103-11322; by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES),
   Utah State University (USU), Logan, UT, USA; and by a USU Ecology Center
   research fellowship and a USU School of Graduate Studies dissertation
   fellowship to SMO. Special thanks to R. Klinger for assistance with
   sampling design. J. MacMahon and E. Rickart helped with initial species
   identification. We thank K. Beard, C. Call, J. MacMahon, T. Monaco, and
   two anonymous referees for helpful comments on earlier versions of this
   manuscript. We are also grateful to K. Sivy, R. Barker, D. Christensen,
   J. Burnham, W. Fox, S. Newbold, J. Rieder and E. Bradley for field
   assistance. Two anonymous referees and the editor, A. Andersen, greatly
   improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in
   this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
   endorsement by the US government. Approved as UAES journal paper no.
   8062.
NR 41
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 4
U2 44
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1366-9516
J9 DIVERS DISTRIB
JI Divers. Distrib.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 15
IS 5
BP 863
EP 870
DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00593.x
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 487IC
UT WOS:000269264300013
ER

PT J
AU Hornberger, MI
   Luoma, SN
   Johnson, ML
   Holyoak, M
AF Hornberger, Michelle I.
   Luoma, Samuel N.
   Johnson, Michael L.
   Holyoak, Marcel
TI Influence of remediation in a mine-impacted river: metal trends over
   large spatial and temporal scales
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE arsenic; bioaccumulation; caddisfly; cadmium; Clark Fork River Superfund
   site; connectivity; copper; Hydropsyche spp.; Montana, USA; remediation
ID CLARK FORK RIVER; AQUATIC INSECTS; TRACE-METALS; HYDROPSYCHE
   TRICHOPTERA; FEEDING-HABITS; WHOLE-BODY; BIOACCUMULATION; STREAM; WATER;
   SEDIMENTS
AB The effectiveness of mine-waste remediation at the Clark Fork River Superfund site in western Montana, USA, was examined by monitoring metal concentrations in resident biota (caddisfly, Hydropsyche spp.) and bed sediment over a 19-year period. Remediation activities began in 1990 and are ongoing. In the upper 45 km, reduced Cu and Cd concentrations at some sites were coincident with remediation events. However, for a period of three years, the decline in Cu and Cd directly below the treatment ponds was offset by high arsenic concentrations, suggesting that remediation for cations (e. g., Cu and Cd) mobilized anions such as arsenic. The impact of remediation in the middle and lower reaches was confounded by a significant positive relationship between metal bioaccumulation and stream discharge. High flows did not dilute metals but redistributed contaminants throughout the river. The majority of clean-up efforts were focused on reducing metal-rich sediments in the most contaminated upstream reach, implicitly assuming that improvements upstream will positively impact the downstream stations. We tested this assumption by correlating temporal metal trends in sediment between and among stations. The strength of that association (r value) was our indicator of spatial connectivity. Connectivity for both Cu and Cd was strong at small spatial scales. Large-scale connectivity was strongest with Cu since similar temporal reductions were observed at most monitoring stations. The most upstream station, closest to remediation, had the lowest connectivity, but the next three downstream sites were strongly correlated to trends downstream. Targeted remediation in this reach would be an effective approach to positively influencing the downstream stations.
C1 [Hornberger, Michelle I.; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Johnson, Michael L.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Hornberger, MI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mhornber@usgs.gov
RI Holyoak, Marcel/C-3475-2009
FU U.S. EPA; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program
FX Long-term time series studies such as this could not have been done
   without the assistance of numerous individuals. We gratefully
   acknowledge the field and laboratory contributions of Dan Cain, Ellen
   Axtmann, Robin Bouse, Cynthia Brown, Stacey Andrews, Jessica Dyke,
   Allison Lorenzi, Carlos Primo David, and Irene Lavigne. John Lambing of
   the U. S. Geological Survey Montana Water Science Center provided
   technical guidance and logistical support throughout the project. The
   thorough and thoughtful colleague reviews by Dan Cain, Marty Gurtz, and
   two anonymous reviewers greatly improved an earlier draft of this
   manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. EPA and the U.S. Geological
   Survey National Research Program.
NR 46
TC 10
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 26
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 6
BP 1522
EP 1535
DI 10.1890/08-1529.1
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 484VC
UT WOS:000269075200014
PM 19769100
ER

PT J
AU McEachern, AK
   Thomson, DM
   Chess, KA
AF McEachern, A. Kathryn
   Thomson, Diane M.
   Chess, Katherine A.
TI Climate alters response of an endemic island plant to removal of
   invasive herbivores
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE biological invasions; Castilleja mollis; climate change; demography;
   endemic plant; environmental variation; eradication; herbivores;
   islands; population dynamics; Santa Rosa, Channel Islands, California,
   USA
ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CALIFORNIA CHANNEL; MANAGEMENT; INVADERS; IMPACTS;
   CONSERVATION; ERADICATION; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; HISTORY
AB Islands experience higher rates of species extinction than mainland ecosystems, with biological invasions among the leading causes; they also serve as important model systems for testing ideas in basic and applied ecology. Invasive removal programs on islands are conservation efforts that can also be viewed as powerful manipulative experiments, but few data are available to evaluate their effects. We collected demographic and herbivore damage data for Castilleja mollis Pennell, an endangered plant endemic to Santa Rosa Island, California, over a 12-year period before, during, and after the implementation of control for introduced cattle, deer, and elk. We used these long-term data to explore mechanisms underlying herbivore effects, assess the results of herbivore reduction at the scales of both individual plants and populations, and determine how temporal variability in herbivory and plant demography influenced responses to herbivore removals. For individual plants, herbivore effects mediated by disturbance were greater than those of grazing. Deer and elk scraping of the ground substantially increased plant mortality and dormancy and reduced flowering and growth. Stem damage from browsing did not affect survivorship but significantly reduced plant growth and flower production. Herbivore control successfully lowered damage rates, which declined steeply between 1997 and 2000 and have remained relatively low. Castilleja mollis abundances rose sharply after 1997, suggesting a positive effect of herbivore control, but then began to decline steadily again after 2003. The recent decline appears to be driven by higher mean growing season temperatures; interestingly, not only reductions in scraping damage but a period of cooler conditions were significant in explaining increases in C. mollis populations between 1997 and 2002. Our results demonstrate strong effects of introduced herbivores on both plant demography and population dynamics and show that climate-driven variation may counteract and mask positive responses to herbivore removal. Regional mean temperatures already have risen significantly over the last 50 years, suggesting that climate change could increasingly swamp the effects of management targeted at other environmental problems. Similar interactions between climate and invasive species will play an even greater role in future management, with long-term data sets like this critical to quantifying such effects.
C1 [McEachern, A. Kathryn; Chess, Katherine A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Islands Field Stn, Ventura, CA 93001 USA.
   [Thomson, Diane M.] Claremont Mckenna Coll, Joint Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
RP McEachern, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Channel Islands Field Stn, 1901 Spinnaker Dr, Ventura, CA 93001 USA.
EM kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov
FU National Park Service; National Science Foundation [0353608]; U.S.
   Geological Survey
FX We thank D. Rodriguez and C. Cowan for substantial assistance with data
   collection, and J. Levine, N. Pavlovic, K. Faulkner, J. Howell, J.
   Hatfield, and J. Yee for many helpful comments on the manuscript.
   Funding for this work was provided by the National Park Service, by
   National Science Foundation grant 0353608, and the U.S. Geological
   Survey. Our work was conducted under U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
   Recovery Research Permit #TE-044846.
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 29
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 6
BP 1574
EP 1584
DI 10.1890/08-1574.1
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 484VC
UT WOS:000269075200018
PM 19769104
ER

PT J
AU Zipkin, EF
   Kraft, CE
   Cooch, EG
   Sullivan, PJ
AF Zipkin, Elise F.
   Kraft, Clifford E.
   Cooch, Evan G.
   Sullivan, Patrick J.
TI When can efforts to control nuisance and invasive species backfire?
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE density dependence; fecundity; instability; invasive species control;
   harvest; nuisance species; overcompensation; population model; removal
   study; stage-structured model; survivorship
ID COMPLEX POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; FLUCTUATING
   POPULATIONS; PREDATOR POPULATION; FISH; HARVEST; MORTALITY; HISTORY;
   LAKE; PREY
AB Population control through harvest has the potential to reduce the abundance of nuisance and invasive species. However, demographic structure and density-dependent processes can confound removal efforts and lead to undesirable consequences, such as overcompensation (an increase in abundance in response to harvest) and instability (population cycling or chaos). Recent empirical studies have demonstrated the potential for increased mortality (such as that caused by harvest) to lead to overcompensation and instability in plant, insect, and fish populations. We developed a general population model with juvenile and adult stages to help determine the conditions under which control harvest efforts can produce unintended outcomes. Analytical and simulation analyses of the model demonstrated that the potential for overcompensation as a result of harvest was significant for species with high fecundity, even when annual stage-specific survivorship values were fairly low. Population instability as a result of harvest occurred less frequently and was only possible with harvest strategies that targeted adults when both fecundity and adult survivorship were high. We considered these results in conjunction with current literature on nuisance and invasive species to propose general guidelines for assessing the risks associated with control harvest based on life history characteristics of target populations. Our results suggest that species with high per capita fecundity (over discrete breeding periods), short juvenile stages, and fairly constant survivorship rates are most likely to respond undesirably to harvest. It is difficult to determine the extent to which overcompensation and instability could occur during real-world removal efforts, and more empirical removal studies should be undertaken to evaluate population-level responses to control harvests. Nevertheless, our results identify key issues that have been seldom acknowledged and are potentially generic across taxa.
C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Kraft, Clifford E.; Cooch, Evan G.; Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM ezipkin@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Department of Defense [CS 1542]
FX The authors thank Peter Abrams for discussion on the topic and helpful
   comments throughout the writing process. We thank Steve Ellner, Beth
   Gardner, Julien Martin, Jim Nichols, Andy Royle, Mike Runge, Brian
   Shuter, and Emily Silverman for discussions on model development and
   helpful comments on the manuscript. Yvonne Buckley and three anonymous
   reviewers also provided valuable suggestions. Funding for this work was
   provided, in part, by the Strategic Environmental research and
   Development Program, U.S. Department of Defense, Project CS 1542.
NR 56
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 8
U2 42
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 6
BP 1585
EP 1595
DI 10.1890/08-1467.1
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 484VC
UT WOS:000269075200019
PM 19769105
ER

PT J
AU Liebezeit, JR
   Kendall, SJ
   Brown, S
   Johnson, CB
   Martin, P
   McDonald, TL
   Payer, DC
   Rea, CL
   Streever, B
   Wildman, AM
   Zack, S
AF Liebezeit, J. R.
   Kendall, S. J.
   Brown, S.
   Johnson, C. B.
   Martin, P.
   McDonald, T. L.
   Payer, D. C.
   Rea, C. L.
   Streever, B.
   Wildman, A. M.
   Zack, S.
TI Influence of human development and predators on nest survival of tundra
   birds, Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska, USA; Arctic Coastal Plain; Cox proportional hazards model;
   development; infrastructure; nest predator; nest survival; passerines;
   shorebirds; subsidized predators
ID NORTH-AMERICAN SHOREBIRDS; BRANTA-BERNICLA-BERNICLA; EGGSHELL EVIDENCE;
   TAIMYR PENINSULA; WADERS CHARADRII; OIL-DEVELOPMENT; ALOPEX-LAGOPUS;
   SUCCESS; GEESE; FOXES
AB Nest predation may influence population dynamics of birds on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska, USA. Anthropogenic development on the ACP is increasing, which may attract nest predators by providing artificial sources of food, perches, den sites, and nest sites. Enhanced populations or concentrations of human-subsidized predators may reduce nest survival for tundra-nesting birds. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that nest survival decreases in proximity to human infrastructure. We monitored 1257 nests of 13 shorebird species and 619 nests of four passerine species at seven sites on the ACP from 2002 to 2005. Study sites were chosen to represent a range of distances to infrastructure from 100 m to 80 km. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the effects of background (i.e., natural) factors and infrastructure on nest survival. We documented high spatial and temporal variability in nest survival, and site and year were both included in the best background model. We did not detect an effect of human infrastructure on nest survival for shorebirds as a group. In contrast, we found evidence that risk of predation for passerine nests increased within 5 km of infrastructure. This finding provides quantitative evidence of a relationship between infrastructure and nest survival for breeding passerines on the ACP. A posteriori finer-scale analyses (within oil field sites and individual species) suggested that Red and Red-necked Phalaropes combined (Phalaropus fulicarius, P. lobatus) had lower productivity closer to infrastructure and in areas with higher abundance of subsidized predators. However, we did not detect such a relationship between infrastructure and nest survival for Semipalmated and Pectoral Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla, C. melanotos), the two most abundant shorebirds. High variability in environmental conditions, nest survival, and predator numbers between sites and years may have contributed to these inconsistent results. We recommend targeted management actions to minimize anthropogenic effects and suggest new research needed on this issue as expanding development is planned for the ACP of Alaska. In particular, we recommend research on demography of key predators and their importance with respect to nest survival, and experimental studies that better address challenges posed by high natural variability.
C1 [Liebezeit, J. R.; Zack, S.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Pacific W Off, Portland, OR 97205 USA.
   [Martin, P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
   [Brown, S.] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA.
   [Johnson, C. B.; Wildman, A. M.] ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA.
   [McDonald, T. L.] West Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA.
   [Rea, C. L.] Conocophillips Alaska Inc, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA.
   [Streever, B.] BP Explorat Alaska Inc, Anchorage, AK 99519 USA.
RP Liebezeit, JR (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Pacific W Off, 718 SW Alder St,Suite 210, Portland, OR 97205 USA.
EM jliebezeit@wcs.org
RI McDonald,  Trent/F-2885-2014
OI McDonald,  Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988
FU BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc.; ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc.; Disney
   Wildlife Conservation Grant; Liz Claiborne/Art Ortenberg Foundation;
   Manomet Center for Conservation Science; Neotropical Migratory Bird
   Conservation Act Grants; North Slope Borough Wildlife Department; U.S.
   Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Conservation Society
FX We thank the many field biologists who participated in this study,
   especially: Lauren Attanas, Colette Buchholtz, Amy Leist, Todd Mabee,
   Randy Mullen, Kevin Pietrzak, Terry Schick, and Cashell Villa. Funding
   or logistical support was provided by: BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc.,
   ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., Disney Wildlife Conservation Grant, Liz
   Claiborne/Art Ortenberg Foundation, Manomet Center for Conservation
   Science, Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act Grants, North Slope
   Borough Wildlife Department, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the
   Wildlife Conservation Society (including private donors). We also thank
   Rick Lanctot of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bob Rodrigues at
   LGL Alaska Research Associates, Inc., Robert Suydam of the North Slope
   Borough, and Declan Troy of Troy Ecological Research Associates for
   participating in various aspects of this project. John Schoen and an
   anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of the
   manuscript. Order of authorship after first two is alphabetical.
NR 73
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 4
U2 43
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 6
BP 1628
EP 1644
DI 10.1890/08-1661.1
PG 17
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 484VC
UT WOS:000269075200022
PM 19769108
ER

PT J
AU Graham, JH
   Krzysik, AJ
   Kouacic, DA
   Duda, JJ
   Freeman, DC
   Emlen, JM
   Zak, JC
   Long, WR
   Wallace, MP
   Chamberlin-Graham, C
   Nutter, JP
   Balbach, HE
AF Graham, John H.
   Krzysik, Anthony J.
   Kouacic, David A.
   Duda, Jeffrey J.
   Freeman, D. Carl
   Emlen, John M.
   Zak, John C.
   Long, W. Russell
   Wallace, Michael P.
   Chamberlin-Graham, Catherine
   Nutter, Jonathan P.
   Balbach, Hal E.
TI Species richness, equitability, and abundance of ants in disturbed
   landscapes
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
LA English
DT Article
DE Disturbance; Equitability; Fire; Formicidae; Military training; Spatial
   heterogeneity; Species richness
ID FALL-LINE SANDHILLS; LAND-USE; RECOLONIZATION PATTERNS; FLUCTUATING
   ASYMMETRY; DIVERSITY GRADIENTS; HABITAT DISTURBANCE; IPOMOEA-PANDURATA;
   FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; SOIL DISTURBANCE; RHUS-COPALLINUM
AB Ants are used as indicators of environmental change in disturbed landscapes, often without adequate understanding of their response to disturbance. Ant communities in the southeastern United States displayed a hump-backed species richness curve against an index of landscape disturbance. Forty sites at Fort Benning, in west-central Georgia, covered a spectrum of habitat disturbance (military training and fire) in upland forest. Sites disturbed by military training had fewer trees, less canopy cover, more bare ground, and warmer, more compact soils with shallower A-horizons. We sampled ground-dwelling ants with pitfall traps, and measured 15 habitat variables related to vegetation and soil. Ant species richness was greatest with a relative disturbance of 43%, but equitability was greatest with no disturbance. Ant abundance was greatest with a relative disturbance of 85%. High species richness at intermediate disturbance was associated with greater within-site spatial heterogeneity, Species richness was also associated with intermediate values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a correlate of net primary productivity (NPP). Available NPP (the product of NDVI and the fraction of days that soil temperature exceeded 25 degrees C), however, was positively correlated with species richness, though not with ant abundance. Species richness was unrelated to soil texture, total ground cover, and fire frequency. Ant species richness and equitability are potential state indicators of the soil arthropod community. Moreover, equitability can be used to monitor ecosystem change. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Graham, John H.; Long, W. Russell; Chamberlin-Graham, Catherine; Nutter, Jonathan P.] Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA.
   [Krzysik, Anthony J.] Prescott Coll, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA.
   [Kouacic, David A.; Wallace, Michael P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Landscape Architecture, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
   [Duda, Jeffrey J.; Emlen, John M.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Freeman, D. Carl] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
   [Zak, John C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
   [Balbach, Hal E.] USA, ERDC CERL, Champaign, IL 61826 USA.
RP Graham, JH (reprint author), Berry Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA.
EM jgraham@berry.edu
RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; 
OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; Graham, John/0000-0003-1974-132X
FU Department of Defense SERDP (Strategic Environmental Research and
   Development Program)
FX This research was sponsored by the Department of Defense SERDP
   (Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program) and is Part
   of the SERDP Ecosystem Management Project (SEMP). Student research
   assistants of JHG were funded, in part, by Berry College. Michelle Brown
   and Lorence Pascoe helped with the fieldwork. And we thank Pete
   Swiderek, Theresa Davo, and John Brent of Fort Benning, and Hugh
   Westbury and Patti Kosky of SERDP-SEMP for logistics and coordination
   with Fort Benning Range Control. We thank John Dilustro for advice on
   NPP. Conservation and Land Management branches at Fort Benning provided
   the fire data. Bob Lozar (U.S. Army ERDC-CERL) developed the NDVI data.
   Mark Deyrup, Stefan Cover, William Mackay, and James Trager offered
   numerous suggestions on ant taxonomy, identification, and natural
   history. Alan Andersen, Jerry Freilich, David Foote, and an unknown
   reviewer offered numerous helpful suggestions on the manuscript. The use
   of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the
   information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute
   an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of
   Interior or the United States Geologic Survey of any product or service
   to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
NR 88
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 6
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
J9 ECOL INDIC
JI Ecol. Indic.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 9
IS 5
BP 866
EP 877
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.10.003
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 426YI
UT WOS:000264744100005
ER

PT J
AU Bar-David, S
   Bar-David, I
   Cross, PC
   Ryan, SJ
   Knechtel, CU
   Getz, WM
AF Bar-David, Shirli
   Bar-David, Israel
   Cross, Paul C.
   Ryan, Sadie J.
   Knechtel, Christiane U.
   Getz, Wayne M.
TI Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to
   African buffalo in South Africa
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE African buffalo; circular path; Fourier transform; GPS; herbivore
   foraging; Kruger National Park, South Africa; looping; net displacement;
   periodogram; resource recovery; Syncerus caffer
ID HABITAT SELECTION; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; NATIONAL-PARK; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY;
   CONSERVATION; RESOURCES; FORAGE; SPACE; HETEROGENEITY
AB Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e. g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high-resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch ("recursions''). Identification of such patches and quantification of recursion pathways, when combined with patch-related ecological data, should contribute to our understanding of the habitat requirements of large herbivores, of factors governing their space-use patterns, and their interactions with the ecosystem.
   We begin by presenting output from a simple spatial model that simulates movements of large-herbivore groups based on minimal parameters: resource availability and rates of resource recovery after a local depletion. We then present the details of our new techniques of analyses (recursion analysis and circle analysis) and apply them to data generated by our model, as well as two sets of empirical data on movements of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): the first collected in Klaserie Private Nature Reserve and the second in Kruger National Park, South Africa.
   Our recursion analyses of model outputs provide us with a basis for inferring aspects of the processes governing the production of buffalo recursion patterns, particularly the potential influence of resource recovery rate. Although the focus of our simulations was a comparison of movement patterns produced by different resource recovery rates, we conclude our paper with a comprehensive discussion of how recursion analyses can be used when appropriate ecological data are available to elucidate various factors influencing movement. Inter alia, these include the various limiting and preferred resources, parasites, and topographical and landscape factors.
C1 [Bar-David, Shirli] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, IL-84990 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel.
   [Bar-David, Israel] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
   [Cross, Paul C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Cross, Paul C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Ryan, Sadie J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Ryan, Sadie J.] McGill Univ, Dept Anthropol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada.
   [Knechtel, Christiane U.] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
   [Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Getz, Wayne M.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
RP Bar-David, S (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Mitrani Dept Desert Ecol, Sede Boqer Campus, IL-84990 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel.
EM shirlibd@bgu.ac.il
RI Ryan, Sadie/H-1595-2012; Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012; 
OI Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Ryan, Sadie/0000-0002-4308-6321; Getz,
   Wayne/0000-0001-8784-9354
FU U. S. National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease;
   McDonnell 21st Century Science Initiative Award (WMG); EPA STAR; NSF
   Bioinformatics; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD);
   Daimler-Chrysler South Africa; State Chancellery
   Nordrhein-Westfalen/Germany
FX This research was funded by the U. S. National Science Foundation
   Ecology of Infectious Disease Grant and a James S. McDonnell 21st
   Century Science Initiative Award (WMG). S. J. Ryan was also supported by
   an EPA STAR grant and an NSF Bioinformatics Fellowship. We thank Justin
   Bowers, Craig Hay, Julie Wolhuter, Kutani Bulunga, Augusta Mabunda,
   Fernando Muhlovo, Markus Hofmeyr, Peter Buss, Lin-Mari de Klerk, Roy
   Bengis, Douw Grobler, N. Zambatis, C. Rowles, E. Leibnitz, M. Peel, KPNR
   rangers and camp- managers, KNP managers and scientists, and KNP Game
   Capture and State Veterinary technicians. C. U. Knechtel's fieldwork in
   KPNR was supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD),
   Daimler-Chrysler South Africa, and the State Chancellery
   Nordrhein-Westfalen/Germany. We thank Norman OwenSmith and an anonymous
   reviewer for constructive comments on previous versions of this article.
   This is publication number 639 of the Mitrani Department of Desert
   Ecology.
NR 57
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 36
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 9
BP 2467
EP 2479
DI 10.1890/08-1532.1
PG 13
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 484EF
UT WOS:000269025700015
PM 19769125
ER

PT J
AU Witte, CC
   Wildhaber, ML
   Arab, A
   Noltie, DB
AF Witte, C. C.
   Wildhaber, M. L.
   Arab, A.
   Noltie, D. B.
TI Substrate choice of territorial male Topeka shiners (Notropis topeka) in
   the absence of sunfish (Lepomis sp.)
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Article
DE fish; endangered; reproduction; behaviour; breeding
ID REDFIN SHINER; UMBRATILIS; MINNOWS; NESTS
AB Topeka shiners (Notropis topeka), an endangered minnow species, typically spawn on or around breeding Lepomis sunfish (Centrarchidae) nests. Why spawning Topeka shiners are attracted to these nests is unclear, but having the nesting sunfish provide shiner eggs with improved aeration, a lessening of siltation, and protection from egg predators are possibilities. We tested the substrate utilisation of Topeka shiners in outdoor tanks in the absence of sunfish to determine the shiner's fundamental choice. Shiners were provided with substrate patches of cleaned sand, small gravel, large gravel, and small cobble, and the bare floor of the tank. The substrate above which a male shiner established his territory was used as evidence of choice. A statistically significant choice for sand substrates was demonstrated. This fundamental choice might influence which sunfish nests Topeka shiners use, given that nest substrate characteristics differ both between sunfish species and within species by spawning site location.
C1 [Witte, C. C.; Noltie, D. B.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   [Witte, C. C.; Wildhaber, M. L.; Arab, A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA.
RP Witte, CC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM ccw4c4@mizzou.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey; The School of Natural Resources; Missouri
   Agricultural Experiment Station
FX This study was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey through its Science
   Support Program to promote the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recovery
   efforts for the Topeka shiner. The experimental animals were provided by
   the Missouri Department of Conservation's Lost Valley Fish Hatchery,
   Warsaw, MO. At CERC, Ann Allert, Steve Olson, James Fairchild, James
   Candrl, and David Whites provided logistical support during performance
   of the experiment. We thank Drs C.F. Rabeni and R.D. Semlitsch for
   pre-submission reviews of the manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers helped
   improve the final version. DBN was supported at the University of
   Missouri-Columbia by The School of Natural Resources and the Missouri
   Agricultural Experiment Station. This is a contribution from the
   Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (the U.S.
   Geological Survey, the Missouri Department of Conservation, The School
   of Natural Resources of the University of Missouri-Columbia, and the
   Wildlife Management Institute cooperating).
NR 38
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0906-6691
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 3
BP 350
EP 359
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2008.00351.x
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 482XV
UT WOS:000268924900002
ER

PT J
AU Clemens, BJ
   van de Wetering, S
   Kaufman, J
   Holt, RA
   Schreck, CB
AF Clemens, B. J.
   van de Wetering, S.
   Kaufman, J.
   Holt, R. A.
   Schreck, C. B.
TI Do summer temperatures trigger spring maturation in Pacific lamprey,
   Entosphenus tridentatus?
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Article
DE Agnatha; body size; starvation; metabolism; reproduction; furunculosis
ID RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA;
   ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREY; MIGRATION;
   MORTALITY; REPRODUCTION; RATES
AB Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus, return to streams and use somatic energy to fuel maturation. Body size decreases, the lamprey mature, spawn, and then die. We predicted that warm, summer temperatures (> 20 degrees C) would accentuate shrinkage in body size, and expedite sexual maturation and subsequent death. We compared fish reared in the laboratory at diel fluctuating temperatures of 20-24 degrees C (mean = 21.8 degrees C) with fish reared at cooler temperatures (13.6 degrees C). The results confirmed our predictions. Lamprey from the warm water group showed significantly greater proportional decreases in body weight following the summer temperature treatments than fish from the cool water group. A greater proportion of warm water fish sexually matured (100%) and died (97%) the following spring than cool water fish (53% sexually mature, 61% died). Females tended to mature and die earlier than males, most obviously in the warm water group.
C1 [Clemens, B. J.; Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [van de Wetering, S.] Confederated Tribes Siletz Indians, Siletz, OR USA.
   [Holt, R. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Kaufman, J.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife Fish Hlth Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Clemens, BJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM ben.clemens@oregonstate.edu
FU Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Indians; Department of Fisheries;
   Wildlife at Oregon State University
FX Brett Blundon assisted with collection and tagging of lamprey, Rob
   Chitwood assisted with fish culture and Peter Sorensen provided advice
   on maintaining the pheromone milieu between tanks via recirculating
   water. Jen Bayer provided information on maturation characteristics of
   Pacific lamprey. David Noakes, Stacia Sower, Matt Mesa and Doug Markle
   provided useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
   Funding was provided by the Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Indians,
   Oregon Sea Grant and the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon
   State University.
NR 43
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0906-6691
EI 1600-0633
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 3
BP 418
EP 426
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00358.x
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 482XV
UT WOS:000268924900008
ER

PT J
AU Bizzotto, PM
   Godinho, AL
   Vono, V
   Kynard, B
   Godinho, HP
AF Bizzotto, P. M.
   Godinho, A. L.
   Vono, V.
   Kynard, B.
   Godinho, H. P.
TI Influence of seasonal, diel, lunar, and other environmental factors on
   upstream fish passage in the Igarapava Fish Ladder, Brazil
SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH
LA English
DT Article
DE vertical-slot fish ladder; Neotropical fish passage; fish migration;
   Grande River; Parana River basin
ID VERTICAL-SLOT FISHWAY; PARANA RIVER; REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY;
   SOUTH-AMERICA; ITAIPU DAM; PIMELODIDAE; SELECTION; RESERVOIR; PATTERNS;
   SYSTEM
AB Upstream fish passage was evaluated during 12 months in the vertical-slot Igarapava Fish Ladder constructed around Igarapava Dam, in the heavily dammed Grande River, Southeast Brazil. A video monitoring system was used to observe 61,621 fish that passed the ladder, of which 93.5% were identified to 15 taxa. Among the migratory species, the most abundant were Pimelodus maculatus (33.6% of all fish), Leporinus octofasciatus (31.4%), Leporinus friderici (4.5%), and Prochilodus lineatus (3.1%). Seven taxa were classified as nonmigratory, and of these taxa, the small Bryconamericus stramineus was the most abundant (12.7%) of all fishes. Passage of the 'nonmigratory' taxa upstream in the ladder shows they are migratory in this system and have a strong behavioural drive to move to upstream habitat. Passage of most taxa had a strong seasonal pattern. While some species passed primarily during the day, others showed a distinct nocturnal pattern. Lunar phase and water temperature also strongly affected passage of some taxa. Rainfall and dam discharge had a small or null influence on most taxa; perhaps due to the fairly small catchment area of the reservoir and the highly regulated discharge at Igarapava Dam.
C1 [Bizzotto, P. M.; Godinho, H. P.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais, Grad Program Vertebrate Zool, BR-30535901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
   [Godinho, A. L.; Vono, V.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fish Passage Ctr, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
   [Kynard, B.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA.
RP Godinho, HP (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Minas Gerais, Grad Program Vertebrate Zool, Av Dom Jose Gaspar 500, BR-30535901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
EM hgodinho@ufmg.br
RI Godinho, Hugo/C-7146-2013; Godinho, Alexandre/G-5809-2012
OI Godinho, Hugo/0000-0001-9161-8014; 
FU Brazilian agencies CAPES; CNPq [521259/01-0]; CEMIG; FUNBIO
FX We thank Igarapava Hydroelectric Consortium for allowing us to collect
   data at the Igarapava Fish Ladder; to the staff of Igarapava Dam for
   their willing help; to V. C. Amorim for her participation in the
   laboratory work; to the Brazilian agencies CAPES (for the scholarship
   granted to PMB), CNPq (Grant n degrees 521259/01-0), CEMIG, and FUNBIO
   for funding this work.
NR 53
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 20
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0906-6691
J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH
JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 3
BP 461
EP 472
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00361.x
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 482XV
UT WOS:000268924900012
ER

PT J
AU Kelley, KD
   Wilkinson, JJ
   Chapman, JB
   Crowther, HL
   Weiss, DJ
AF Kelley, K. D.
   Wilkinson, J. J.
   Chapman, J. B.
   Crowther, H. L.
   Weiss, D. J.
TI ZINC ISOTOPES IN SPHALERITE FROM BASE METAL DEPOSITS IN THE RED DOG
   DISTRICT, NORTHERN ALASKA
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ZN-PB-AG; WESTERN BROOKS RANGE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; FLUIDS;
   MINERALIZATION; SETTINGS; BARITE; CU
AB Analyses of sphalerite samples from shale-hosted massive Sulfide and stratigraphically underlying vein breccia deposits in the Red Dog district in northern Alaska show a range of delta(66)Zn values from zero to 0.60 per mil. The lowest values are observed in the vein breccia deposits, and the stratigraphically overlying (but Structurally displaced) shale-hosted massive sulfide deposits show a systematic trend of increasing delta(66)Zn values from south to north (Main-Aqqaluk-Paalaaq-Anarraaq). The delta(66)Zn values are inversely correlated with sphalerite Fe/Mn ratio and also tend to be higher in low Cu sphalerite, consistent with precipitation of lower delta(66)Zn sphalerite closer to the principal hydrothermal fluid conduits. The most likely control oil isotopic variation is Rayleigh fractionation during sulfide precipitation, with lighter zinc isotopes preferentially incorporated in the earliest sphalerite to precipitate from ore fluids at deeper levels (vein breccias) and close to the principal fluid conduits in the orebodies, followed by precipitation of sulfides with higher delta(66)Zn values in shallower and/or more distal parts of the flow path. There is no systematic variation among the paragenetic stages of sphalerite, from a single deposit, suggesting an isotopically homogeneous Zinc Source and consistent transport-deposition conditions and/or dissolution-reprecipitation of earlier sphalerite without significant fractionation. Decoupled Zn and S isotope compositions are best explained by mixing of separate metal- and sulfur-bearing fluids at the depositional site. The results confirm that Zn isotopes may be a useful tracer for distinguishing between the central and distal parts of large hydrothermal systems as previously suggested and could therefore be of use in exploration.
C1 [Kelley, K. D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Wilkinson, J. J.] Univ Tasmania, CODES, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   [Wilkinson, J. J.; Chapman, J. B.; Crowther, H. L.; Weiss, D. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
   [Chapman, J. B.; Crowther, H. L.; Weiss, D. J.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England.
RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM kdkelley@usgs.gov
RI Wilkinson, Jamie/E-7084-2012; 
OI Weiss, Dominik/0000-0001-8074-9430
NR 26
TC 19
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 32
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2009
VL 104
IS 6
BP 767
EP 773
PG 7
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 522OZ
UT WOS:000272008900001
ER

PT J
AU Allert, AL
   Fairchild, JF
   Schmitt, CJ
   Besser, JM
   Brumbaugh, WG
   Olson, SJ
AF Allert, A. L.
   Fairchild, J. F.
   Schmitt, C. J.
   Besser, J. M.
   Brumbaugh, W. G.
   Olson, S. J.
TI Effects of mining-derived metals on riffle-dwelling benthic fishes in
   Southeast Missouri, USA
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Riffle-dwelling benthic fish; Sculpin; Density; Lead-zinc mining; Metals
ID SCULPIN COTTUS-BAIRDI; COEUR-DALENE RIVER; MOTTLED SCULPIN; WARMWATER
   STREAM; CHRONIC TOXICITY; BANDED SCULPIN; SLIMY SCULPIN; HABITAT USE;
   LEAD BELT; ZINC
AB We studied the ecological effects of mining-derived metals on riffle-dwelling benthic fishes at 16 sites in the Viburnum Trend lead-zinc mining district of southeast Missouri. Fish community attributes were compared to watershed features and to physical and chemical variables including metal concentrations in sediment pore water and fish. Ozark sculpin (Cottus hypselurus), rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum), Ozark madtom (Noturus albater), and banded sculpin (Cottus carolinae) were the most abundant fishes collected. Species richness and density of riffle-dwelling benthic fishes were negatively correlated with metal concentrations in pore water and in fish. Sculpin densities were also negatively correlated with metal concentrations in pore water and in fish, but positively correlated with distance from mines and upstream watershed area. These findings indicate that metals associated with active lead-zinc mining adversely affect riffle-dwelling benthic fishes downstream of mining areas in the Viburnum Trend. Sculpins may be useful as a sentinel species for assessing mining-related impacts on fish communities. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Allert, A. L.; Fairchild, J. F.; Schmitt, C. J.; Besser, J. M.; Brumbaugh, W. G.; Olson, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
RP Allert, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM aallert@usgs.gov
FU Mark Twain National Forest of southern Missouri, USA
FX This study was part of a Congressionally funded investigation of the
   effects of mining in the Mark Twain National Forest of southern
   Missouri, USA. We thank the many private landowners who allowed access
   to the streams. USGS personnel who provided assistance were J. Arms, E.
   Brunson, K. Echols, C. Ivey, R. Jacobson, L. Johnson, S. Koppi, J. Kunz,
   T. May, L. Sappington, D. Stoppler, M. Struckhoff, C. Vishy, C. Lawler,
   M. Walters, N. Wilhemi, D. Whites, C. Witte, and R. Wright. Missouri
   Department of Conservation personnel who provided assistance were T.
   Boersig, M. Combes, S. Geringer, S. Herleth-King, P. Horner, W. Mabee,
   and J. Westhoff. We thank D. Harper, M. McKee, and two anonymous
   reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the quality of this
   manuscript. Use of trade names does not constitute USGS or US Government
   endorsement.
NR 55
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 4
U2 16
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0147-6513
EI 1090-2414
J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE
JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 72
IS 6
BP 1642
EP 1651
DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.02.014
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 489CA
UT WOS:000269395900003
PM 19570577
ER

PT J
AU Walsh, MR
   Hancock, SH
   Wilson, SJ
   Patil, SL
   Moridis, GJ
   Boswell, R
   Collett, TS
   Koh, CA
   Sloan, ED
AF Walsh, Matthew R.
   Hancock, Steve H.
   Wilson, Scott J.
   Patil, Shirish L.
   Moridis, George J.
   Boswell, Ray
   Collett, Timothy S.
   Koh, Carolyn A.
   Sloan, E. Dendy
TI Preliminary report on the commercial viability of gas production from
   natural gas hydrates
SO ENERGY ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Natural Gas Hydrates; Energy Security; Reservoir Simulation; Hydrate
   Economics; Uncertainty
AB Economic studies on simulated gas hydrate reservoirs have been compiled to estimate the price of natural gas that may lead to economically viable production from the most promising gas hydrate accumulations. As a first estimate, $CDN2005 12/Mscf is the lowest gas price that would allow economically viable production from gas hydrates in the absence of associated free gas, while an underlying gas deposit will reduce the viability price estimate to $CDN2005 7.50/Mscf. Results from a recent analysis of the simulated production of natural gas from marine hydrate deposits are also considered in this report; on an IROR basis. it is $US2008 3.50-4.00/Mscf more expensive to produce marine hydrates than conventional marine gas assuming the existence of sufficiently large marine hydrate accumulations. While these prices represent the best available estimates, the economic evaluation of a specific project is highly dependent on the producibility of the target zone, the amount of gas in place, the associated geologic and depositional environment, existing pipeline infrastructure, and local tariffs and taxes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Walsh, Matthew R.; Koh, Carolyn A.; Sloan, E. Dendy] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Patil, Shirish L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Petr Dev Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Moridis, George J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
   [Collett, Timothy S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Sloan, ED (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM esloan@mines.edu
OI Boswell, Ray/0000-0002-3824-2967
NR 26
TC 31
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0140-9883
EI 1873-6181
J9 ENERG ECON
JI Energy Econ.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 31
IS 5
BP 815
EP 823
DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2009.03.006
PG 9
WC Economics
SC Business & Economics
GA 482XD
UT WOS:000268923000019
ER

PT J
AU McGee, BL
   Pinkney, AE
   Velinsky, DJ
   Ashley, JTF
   Fisher, DJ
   Ferrington, LC
   Norberg-King, TJ
AF McGee, Beth L.
   Pinkney, Alfred E.
   Velinsky, David J.
   Ashley, Jeffrey T. F.
   Fisher, Daniel J.
   Ferrington, Leonard C.
   Norberg-King, Teresa J.
TI Using the Sediment Quality Triad to characterize baseline conditions in
   the Anacostia River, Washington, DC, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Anacostia River; Sediment Quality Triad; Benthic community; Toxicity
   identification evaluation
ID AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; TUMOR PREVALENCE; TOXICITY; CONTAMINATION;
   GUIDELINES; AREA; BIOMARKERS; MARYLAND; EXPOSURE; INDEX
AB The Sediment Quality Triad (SQT) consists of complementary measures of sediment chemistry, benthic community structure, and sediment toxicity. We applied the SQT at 20 stations in the tidal portion of the Anacostia River from Bladensburg, MD to Washington, DC to establish a baseline of conditions to evaluate the effects of management actions. Sediment toxicity was assessed using 10-day survival and growth tests with the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca and the midge, Chironomus dilutus. Triplicate grabs were taken at each station for benthic community analysis and the Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) was used to interpret the data. Only one station, #92, exhibited toxicity related to sediment contamination. Sediments from this station significantly inhibited growth of both test species, had the highest concentrations of contaminants, and had a degraded benthic community, indicated by a B-IBI of less than 3. Additional sediment from this station was tested and sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures tentatively characterized organic compounds as the cause of toxicity. Overall, forty percent of the stations were classified as degraded by the B-IBI. However, qualitative and quantitative comparisons with sediment quality benchmarks indicated no clear relationship between benthic community health and contaminant concentrations. This study provides a baseline for assessing the effectiveness of management actions in the Anacostia River.
C1 [McGee, Beth L.; Pinkney, Alfred E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
   [Velinsky, David J.; Ashley, Jeffrey T. F.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.
   [Fisher, Daniel J.] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA.
   [Ferrington, Leonard C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   [Norberg-King, Teresa J.] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA.
RP Pinkney, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
EM Fred_Pinkney@fws.gov
FU Anacostia Watershed Toxics Alliance
FX We thank our US Fish and Wildlife Service colleagues, Peter McGowan, Dan
   Murphy and Julie Thompson for assistance with the field work, and Leslie
   Gerlich for preparing the figures. The comments of the reviewers are
   greatly appreciated. Funding was provided by the Anacostia Watershed
   Toxics Alliance.
NR 31
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
EI 1573-2959
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 156
IS 1-4
BP 51
EP 67
DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0462-8
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 480ZQ
UT WOS:000268776400004
PM 18677546
ER

PT J
AU Regular, PM
   Shuhood, F
   Power, T
   Montevecchi, WA
   Robertson, GJ
   Ballam, D
   Piatt, JF
   Nakashima, B
AF Regular, P. M.
   Shuhood, F.
   Power, T.
   Montevecchi, W. A.
   Robertson, G. J.
   Ballam, D.
   Piatt, J. F.
   Nakashima, B.
TI Murres, capelin and ocean climate: inter-annual associations across a
   decadal shift
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Capelin; Life history; Murres (Uria aalge); NAO; Northwest Atlantic;
   Ocean climate; Oceanography; Reproductive timing
ID MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; SEABIRDS; NEWFOUNDLAND; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEM;
   COLLAPSE; SIGNALS; FISH
AB To ensure energy demands for reproduction are met, it is essential that marine birds breed during periods of peak food availability. We examined associations of the breeding chronology of common murres (Uria aalge) with the timing of the inshore arrival of their primary prey, capelin (Mallotus villosus) from 1980 to 2006 across a period of pervasive change in the Northwest Atlantic ecosystem. We also assessed the influence of ocean temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO; an index of winter climate and oceanography) on these interactions. We found a lagged linear relationship between variations in murre breeding chronology and the timing of capelin arrival in the previous year. On a decadal level, we found a non-linear threshold relationship between ocean temperature and the timing of capelin arrival and murre breeding. Centennially anomalous cold water temperatures in 1991 generated a marked shift in the timing of capelin spawning inshore and murre breeding, delaying both by more than 2 weeks. By the mid-1990s, ocean temperatures returned to pre-perturbation levels, whereas the temporal breeding responses of capelin and murres were delayed for a decade or more. Oceanographic conditions (temperature, NAO) were poor predictors of the timing of capelin arrival inshore in the current year compared to the previous one. Our findings suggest that knowledge of the timing of capelin availability in the previous year provides a robust cue for the long-lived murres, allowing them to achieve temporal overlap between breeding and peak capelin availability.
C1 [Regular, P. M.; Montevecchi, W. A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Cognit & Behav Ecol Program, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada.
   [Shuhood, F.; Power, T.] Govt Newfoundland & Labrador, Dept Environm & Conservat, Pk & Nat Areas Div, Deer Lake, NF A8A 2A3, Canada.
   [Robertson, G. J.] Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Mt Pearl, NF A1N 4T3, Canada.
   [Ballam, D.] Nat Conservancy Canada, St John, NF A1A 1W8, Canada.
   [Piatt, J. F.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
   [Nakashima, B.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Canada NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.
RP Regular, PM (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Cognit & Behav Ecol Program, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada.
EM paul.regular@mun.ca
NR 39
TC 9
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 156
IS 1-4
BP 293
EP 302
DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0484-2
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 480ZQ
UT WOS:000268776400022
PM 18781391
ER

PT J
AU Sun, WJ
   Sierra-Alvarez, R
   Milner, L
   Oremland, R
   Field, JA
AF Sun, Wenjie
   Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes
   Milner, Lily
   Oremland, Ron
   Field, Jim A.
TI Arsenite and Ferrous Iron Oxidation Linked to Chemolithotrophic
   Denitrification for the Immobilization of Arsenic in Anoxic Environments
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACTIVATED ALUMINA; CLAY-MINERALS; OXIDASE GENES; NEUTRAL PH; ADSORPTION;
   WATER; GROUNDWATER; SORPTION; NITRATE; MOBILIZATION
AB The objective of this study was to explore a bioremediation strategy based on injecting NO3- to support the anoxic oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe(II)) and arsenite (As(III)) in the subsurface as a means to immobilize As in the form of arsenate (As(V)) adsorbed onto biogenic ferric (Fe(III)) (hydr)oxides. Continuous flow sand filled columns were used to simulate a natural anaerobic groundwater and sediment system with co-occurring As(III) and Fe(II) in the presence (column SFI) or absence (column SF2) of nitrate, respectively. During operation for 250 days, the average influent arsenic concentration of 567 mu g L-1 was reduced to 10.6 (+/- 9.6) mu g L-1 in the effluent of column SR The cumulative removal of Fe(II) and As(III) in SF1 was 6.5 to 10-fold higher than that in SF2. Extraction and measurement of the mass of iron and arsenic immobilized on the sand packing of the columns were close to the iron and arsenic removed from the aqueous phase during column operation. The dominant speciation of the immobilized iron and arsenic was Fe(III) and As(V) in SF1, compared with Fe(II) and As(III) in SF2. The speciation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that microbial oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) linked to denitrification resulted in the enhanced immobilization of aqueous arsenic in anaerobic environments by forming Fe(III) (hydr)oxide coated sands with adsorbed As(V).
C1 [Sun, Wenjie; Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes; Milner, Lily; Field, Jim A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Oremland, Ron] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Field, JA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM jimfield@email.arizona.edu
RI Sun, Wenjie/D-5075-2013; Field, Jim/N-9373-2015
OI Field, Jim/0000-0001-8704-3289
FU USGS; National Institute for Water Resources 104G [2005AZ114G];
   NIEHS-supported Superfund Basic Research Program [NIH ES-04940]
FX The work presented here was funded by a USGS, National Institute for
   Water Resources 104G Grant (2005AZ114G) and by a grant of the
   NIEHS-supported Superfund Basic Research Program (NIH ES-04940). The use
   of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for descriptive
   purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological
   Survey, Authors are grateful to Estefania Marcos for some of the
   experimental work.
NR 43
TC 22
Z9 28
U1 7
U2 65
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 17
BP 6585
EP 6591
DI 10.1021/es900978h
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 487GB
UT WOS:000269258000028
PM 19764221
ER

PT J
AU Heinz, GH
   Hoffman, DJ
   Klimstra, JD
   Stebbins, KR
AF Heinz, Gary H.
   Hoffman, David J.
   Klimstra, Jon D.
   Stebbins, Katherine R.
TI RAPID INCREASES IN MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS IN THE EGGS OF MALLARDS FED
   METHYLMERCURY
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Methylmercury; Eggs; Accumulation; Mallards; Anas platyrhynchos
ID LOWER CARSON RIVER; COMMON LOONS; SNOWY EGRET; EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTION;
   DROUGHT; NEVADA
AB To determine how quickly breeding birds would have to feed in a mercury-contaminated area before harmful concentrations of mercury, as methylmercury, built up in their eggs, we fed female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) a control diet or diets containing 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mu g/g mercury (on what was close to a dry weight basis) as methylmercury chloride for 23 d. After 18 d on their respective mercury diets, the eggs of mallards fed 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mu g/g mercury contained 97.8, 86.0, 89.9, 88.9, and 85.9%, respectively, of the peak concentrations reached after 23 d. Depending on the dietary concentration of mercury, no more than approximately a week may be required for harmful concentrations (0.5 -0.8 mu g/g, wet weight) to be excreted into eggs.
C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E,Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM gheinz@usgs.gov
FU CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP-02D-C12];
   U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem
   Restoration Program (ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the U.S.
   Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 4
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 9
BP 1979
EP 1981
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 482HT
UT WOS:000268876200025
PM 19374476
ER

PT J
AU Drexler, JZ
   de Fontaine, CS
   Brown, TA
AF Drexler, Judith Z.
   de Fontaine, Christian S.
   Brown, Thomas A.
TI Peat Accretion Histories During the Past 6,000 Years in Marshes of the
   Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, CA, USA
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Autocompaction; Radiocarbon age determination; Sea level rise; Soil
   volume; Tidal freshwater marsh; Vertical accretion
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY; FRESH-WATER MARSH; TIDAL MARSH;
   MISSISSIPPI DELTA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SEDIMENTATION-RATES; VERTICAL
   ACCRETION; AGE CALIBRATION; YANGTZE-RIVER
AB The purpose of this study was to determine how vertical accretion rates in marshes vary through the millennia. Peat cores were collected in remnant and drained marshes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Cubic smooth spline regression models were used to construct age-depth models and accretion histories for three remnant marshes. Estimated vertical accretion rates at these sites range from 0.03 to 0.49 cm year(-1). The mean contribution of organic matter to soil volume at the remnant marsh sites is generally stable (4.73% to 6.94%), whereas the mean contribution of inorganic matter to soil volume has greater temporal variability (1.40% to 7.92%). The hydrogeomorphic position of each marsh largely determines the inorganic content of peat. Currently, the remnant marshes are keeping pace with sea level rise, but this balance may shift for at least one of the sites under future sea level rise scenarios.
C1 [Drexler, Judith Z.; de Fontaine, Christian S.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
   [Brown, Thomas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM jdrexler@usgs.gov; tabrown@llnl.gov
FU CALFED Science Program of the State of California Resources Agency
   [F-O3-RE-029]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This study was funded by the CALFED Science Program of the State of
   California Resources Agency, Agreement #F-O3-RE-029. This work was
   performed, in part, under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by
   Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
   We thank Jim Orlando, Jacob Fleck, Matt Kerlin, Curt Battenfeld,
   Stephanie Wong, Patricia Orlando, and Nicole Lunning for their help in
   the field and/or lab. Greg Pasternack of the University of California,
   Davis generously provided laboratory facilities for much of the
   analyses. Michelle Sneed, Gerald Bawden, and Marti Ikehara provided
   critical guidance with the elevation survey. We are grateful to S. Galen
   Smith, Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, for
   offering his help and expertise in achene identification. We also thank
   Anna Frampton for Polish translation and Neil Willits (Department of
   Statistics, UC Davis) for statistical guidance. Finally, we are thankful
   for the excellent reviews by Don Cahoon, Brian Atwater, and two
   anonymous reviewers.
NR 86
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 21
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
EI 1559-2731
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 32
IS 5
BP 871
EP 892
DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9202-8
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 482PP
UT WOS:000268901500004
ER

PT J
AU Tinker, MT
   Mangel, M
   Estes, JA
AF Tinker, M. Tim
   Mangel, Marc
   Estes, James A.
TI Learning to be different: acquired skills, social learning, frequency
   dependence, and environmental variation can cause behaviourally mediated
   foraging specializations
SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE culture; dynamic; foraging; individual; model; specialization
ID PREY SELECTION; BUMBLE-BEES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR;
   SEA OTTERS; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION; BLUEGILL SUNFISH; FLOWER
   CONSTANCY; OPTIMAL DIETS; ORCINUS-ORCA
AB Question: How does the ability to improve foraging skills by learning, and to transfer that learned knowledge, affect the development of intra-population foraging specializations?
   Features of the model: We use both a state-dependent life-history model implemented by stochastic dynamic programming (SDPM) and an individual-based model (IBM) to capture the dynamic nature of behavioural preferences in feeding. Variables in the SDPM include energy reserves, skill levels, energy and handling time per single prey item, metabolic rate, the rates at which skills are learned and forgotten, the effect of skills on handling time, and the relationship between energy reserves and fitness. Additional variables in the IBM include the probability of successful weaning, the logistic dynamics of the prey species with stochastic recruitment, the intensity of top-down control of prey by predators, the mean and variance in skill levels of new recruits, and the extent to which learned information can be transmitted via matrilineal social learning.
   Key range of variables: We explore the effects of approaching the time horizon in the SDPM, changing the extent to which skills can improve with experience, increasing the rates of learning or forgetting of skills, changing whether the learning curve is constant, accelerating ('J'-shaped) or decelerating ('r'-shaped), changing both mean and maximum possible energy reserves, changing metabolic costs of foraging, and changing the rate of encounter with prey.
   Conclusions: The model results show that the following factors increase the degree of prey specialization observed in a predator population: (1) Experience handling a prey type can substantially improve foraging skills for that prey. (2) There is limited ability to retain complex learned skills for multiple prey types. (3) The learning curve for acquiring new foraging skills is accelerating, or J-shaped. (4) The metabolic costs of foraging are high relative to available energy reserves. (5) Offspring can learn foraging skills from their mothers (matrilineal social learning). (6) Food abundance is limited, such that average individual energy reserves are low Additionally, the following factors increase the likelihood of alternative specializations co-occurring in a predator population: (1) The predator exerts effective top-down control of prey abundance, resulting in frequency-dependent dynamics. (2) There is stochastic variation in prey population dynamics, but this variation is neither too extreme in magnitude nor too 'slow' with respect to the time required for an individual forager to learn new foraging skills. For a given predator population, we deduce that the degree of specialization will be highest for those prey types requifing complex capture or handling skills, while prey species that are both profitable and easy to capture and handle will be included in the diet of all individuals. Frequency-dependent benefits of selecting alternative prey types, combined with the ability of foragers to improve their foraging skills by learning, and transmit learned skills to offspring, can result in behaviourally mediated foraging specialization, and also lead to the co-existence of alternative specializations. The extent of such specialization is predicted to be a variable trait, increasing in locations or years when intra-specific competition is high relative to inter-specific competition.
C1 [Tinker, M. Tim; Estes, James A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
   [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Tinker, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffter Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM tinker@biology.ucsc.edu
RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011
NR 92
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 5
U2 62
PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD
PI TUCSON
PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA
SN 1522-0613
J9 EVOL ECOL RES
JI Evol. Ecol. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 11
IS 6
BP 841
EP 869
PG 29
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
   Heredity
GA 510JE
UT WOS:000271083600001
ER

PT J
AU Martinez, PJ
   Bigelow, PE
   Deleray, MA
   Fredenberg, WA
   Hansen, BS
   Horner, NJ
   Lehr, SK
   Schneidervin, RW
   Tolentino, SA
   Viola, AE
AF Martinez, Patrick J.
   Bigelow, Patricia E.
   Deleray, Mark A.
   Fredenberg, Wade A.
   Hansen, Barry S.
   Horner, Ned J.
   Lehr, Stafford K.
   Schneidervin, Roger W.
   Tolentino, Scott A.
   Viola, Art E.
TI Western Lake Trout Woes
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Review
ID FLAMING-GORGE RESERVOIR; NATIVE CUTTHROAT TROUT; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE;
   SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; YELLOWSTONE-LAKE; MYSIS-RELICTA; FLATHEAD LAKE;
   CALIFORNIA-NEVADA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; LIFE-HISTORY
AB In the western United States, the ability of non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to attain large sizes, > 18 kg under favorable conditions, fueled the popularity of lake trout fisheries. In the past, restrictive regulations were adopted to increase lake trout abundance and produce trophy specimens. More recently, lake trout have become increasingly problematic because they prey upon and potentially compete with native and sport fishes. We review the experiences of agencies in seven western states which are considering or implementing strategies to address lake trout impacts despite management difficulties due to mixed public perception about lake trout's complex interactions with native or introduced fauna. Special regulations protecting lake trout have often been liberalized or rescinded to encourage their harvest and reduce their negative effects. More intensive methods to control or reduce lake trout abundance include promoting or requiring lake trout harvest, commercial-scale netting, disrupting spawning, and stocking sterile lake trout.
C1 [Martinez, Patrick J.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Grand Junction, CO USA.
   [Bigelow, Patricia E.] Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY USA.
   [Deleray, Mark A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT USA.
   [Fredenberg, Wade A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kalispell, MT USA.
   [Hansen, Barry S.] Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes, Pablo, MT USA.
   [Horner, Ned J.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Coeur Dalene, ID USA.
   [Lehr, Stafford K.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Rancho Cordova, CA USA.
   [Schneidervin, Roger W.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Vernal City, UT USA.
   [Tolentino, Scott A.] Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Garden City, NY USA.
   [Viola, Art E.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wenatchee, WA USA.
RP Martinez, PJ (reprint author), Colorado Div Wildlife, Grand Junction, CO USA.
EM Pat.Martinez@state.co.us
NR 132
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 6
U2 35
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
EI 1548-8446
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 9
BP 424
EP 442
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.9.424
PG 19
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522VE
UT WOS:000272026300005
ER

PT J
AU Funk, CC
   Brown, ME
AF Funk, Chris C.
   Brown, Molly E.
TI Declining global per capita agricultural production and warming oceans
   threaten food security
SO FOOD SECURITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Global food security; Food availability; Agricultural production;
   Agricultural development; Climate change; Drought; Population growth
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AFRICA
AB Despite accelerating globalization, most people still eat food that is grown locally. Developing countries with weak purchasing power tend to import as little food as possible from global markets, suffering consumption deficits during times of high prices or production declines. Local agricultural production, therefore, is critical to both food security and economic development among the rural poor. The level of local agricultural production, in turn, will be determined by the amount and quality of arable land, the amount and quality of agricultural inputs (fertilizer, seeds, pesticides, etc.), as well as farm-related technology, practices and policies. This paper discusses several emerging threats to global and regional food security, including declining yield gains that are failing to keep up with population increases, and warming in the tropical Indian Ocean and its impact on rainfall. If yields continue to grow more slowly than per capita harvested area, parts of Africa, Asia and Central and Southern America will experience substantial declines in per capita cereal production. Global per capita cereal production will potentially decline by 14% between 2008 and 2030. Climate change is likely to further affect food production, particularly in regions that have very low yields due to lack of technology. Drought, caused by anthropogenic warming in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, may also reduce 21st century food availability in some countries by disrupting moisture transports and bringing down dry air over crop growing areas. The impacts of these circulation changes over Asia remain uncertain. For Africa, however, Indian Ocean warming appears to have already reduced rainfall during the main growing season along the eastern edge of tropical Africa, from southern Somalia to northern parts of the Republic of South Africa. Through a combination of quantitative modeling of food balances and an examination of climate change, this study presents an analysis of emerging threats to global food security.
C1 [Funk, Chris C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 96105 USA.
   [Brown, Molly E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Funk, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Dept Geog, Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 96105 USA.
EM cfunk@usgs.gov
RI Brown, Molly/M-5146-2013
OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314
FU US Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning System
   Network; NASA Precipitation Monitoring Mission [NNX07AG26G]; NASA
   [NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-C]
FX The authors would like to sincerely thank our anonymous reviewers, as
   well as colleagues from the USGS who graciously supplied their comments.
   Without their efforts this paper would be much less coherent. We would
   also like to express our gratitude to the UN Food and Agricultural
   Organization and the Program for Climate Model Diagnostics and
   Intercomparison for providing, respectively, access to the agriculture
   and climate modeling data used in this study. This research has been
   supported by funding from the US Agency for International Development
   Famine Early Warning System Network, the NASA Precipitation Monitoring
   Mission (grant NNX07AG26G), and a NASA decision support project
   (Cooperative Agreement Notice NN-H-04-Z-YO-010-C).
NR 26
TC 61
Z9 63
U1 4
U2 51
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1876-4517
EI 1876-4525
J9 FOOD SECUR
JI Food Secur.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 1
IS 3
BP 271
EP 289
DI 10.1007/s12571-009-0026-y
PG 19
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 675WE
UT WOS:000283870600005
ER

PT J
AU Corace, RG
   Goebel, PC
   Hix, DM
   Casselman, T
   Seefelt, NE
AF Corace, R. Gregory, III
   Goebel, P. Charles
   Hix, David M.
   Casselman, Tracy
   Seefelt, Nancy E.
TI Ecological forestry at National Wildlife Refuges: Experiences from Seney
   National Wildlife Refuge and Kirtland's Warbler Wildlife Management
   Area, USA
SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE
LA English
DT Article
DE ecological forestry; forest restoration; Kirtland's warbler; National
   Wildlife Refuge; US Fish and Wildlife Service
ID UPPER MICHIGAN; UPPER PENINSULA; FIRE HISTORY; CONSERVATION; INTEGRITY;
   LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEM; SYSTEM; RANGE
AB Although land management over much of the history of the US. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) has emphasized single-species management, recent policy has encouraged land managers to focus on broader ecosystem restoration goals. One framework for forest ecosystem management that is becoming more popular in the NWRS and other federal and state resource agencies has been termed "ecological forestry"-an approach to forest ecosystem management where the focus is on incorporating an understanding of the outcomes of natural disturbances and stand development processes into designing silvicultural practices. This approach stresses understanding the effects of natural disturbances on biological legacies, structural and compositional heterogeneity, and the recovery periods between disturbance events (including how this recovery period influences stand complexity). Recently, resource managers and ecologists from Seney National Wildlife Refuge, The Ohio State University, and Central Michigan University have partnered to examine how these guiding principles can be integrated into NWRS forest ecosystem management. Specifically, we are partnering to develop management strategies to help: 1) restore the once extensive mixed-pine forest ecosystems of eastern Upper Michigan; 2) mitigate the effects of the beech-bark disease complex on American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), a foundation species in northern hardwood forests of eastern North America; and 3) promote more natural forest patterns for wildlife species of young jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest ecosystems, including the federally endangered Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii). These efforts are ongoing and will continue to be monitored over time. However, initial collaborations suggest that the NWRS provides an excellent crucible to study the application of ecological forestry principles and develop novel ways to manage forest ecosystems.
C1 [Corace, R. Gregory, III; Casselman, Tracy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seney, MI 49883 USA.
   [Goebel, P. Charles] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
   [Hix, David M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Seefelt, Nancy E.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA.
RP Corace, RG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1674 Refuge Entrance Rd, Seney, MI 49883 USA.
EM Greg_Corace@fws.gov
RI Hix, David/B-3228-2012; Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012
NR 43
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 20
PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY
PI OTTAWA
PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA
SN 0015-7546
J9 FOREST CHRON
JI For. Chron.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2009
VL 85
IS 5
BP 695
EP 701
PG 7
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 515FA
UT WOS:000271451800015
ER

PT J
AU Larson, ER
   Magoulick, DD
   Turner, C
   Laycock, KH
AF Larson, Eric R.
   Magoulick, Daniel D.
   Turner, Clinton
   Laycock, Kelly H.
TI Disturbance and species displacement: different tolerances to stream
   drying and desiccation in a native and an invasive crayfish
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE crayfish; disturbance; invasive species; Orconectes; stream drying
ID SPRING RIVER DRAINAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFASTACUS-LENIUSCULUS;
   ORCONECTES-EUPUNCTUS; LIFE-HISTORY; FLOW REGIMES; HABITAT USE; DROUGHT;
   FISH; COMPETITION
AB P>1. Crayfish are among the most threatened taxa in the world and invasive crayfish are the primary cause of the decline of native crayfish. Most research has emphasised biotic interactions as the mechanism by which native crayfish are displaced by invasives, although crayfish occupy variable environments and the role of disturbance in facilitating crayfish invasion and displacement is understudied.
   2. We compared tolerance to a disturbance, stream drying, in a native and invasive crayfish as a potential mechanism to explain their distribution. Our experiments and observations were conducted across scales, from laboratory environmental chambers to stream mesocosms to field sampling. We hypothesised that the invasive crayfish would be more tolerant of desiccation than the native, and that this physiological distinction between the two would be reflected in their distribution in relation to stream drying.
   3. In the laboratory, the native crayfish Orconectes eupunctus was less tolerant of desiccation than the invasive Orconectes neglectus chaenodactylus, with all native crayfish dying within 2 days without water, while some of the invasive crayfish survived for nearly 2 weeks. Under simulated stream drying in mesocosms, only the native O. eupunctus survived less well than in a control. Field sampling demonstrated a significant negative relationship between O. eupunctus density and low summer flows, while O. neglectus density was positively associated with low summer flows. The greater resistance of O. neglectus to drying could, through priority effects, inhibit recolonisation by O. eupunctus once flow resumes.
   4. Abiotic disturbances are potentially important to the displacement of native by invasive crayfish. Disturbance mediated displacement of aquatic species provides both an opportunity to conserve native species by maintaining or restoring habitat and disturbance regimes and is also a challenge due to increasing human water demand, flow regime alteration and global climate change.
C1 [Magoulick, Daniel D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
   [Larson, Eric R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Turner, Clinton] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA.
   [Laycock, Kelly H.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
EM danmag@uark.edu
RI Larson, Eric/H-3528-2012; Larson, Eric/P-8253-2016
OI Larson, Eric/0000-0002-9232-5907
FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; University of Arkansas; U.S.
   Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute
FX This research was supported by a grant from the Arkansas Game and Fish
   Commission. We thank the many land owners who provided river access for
   crayfish collections and field sampling. R. J. DiStefano provided access
   to unpublished MDC sampling data. M. Akasaka, C. A. Flinders, A. G.
   Hildrew, D. G. Jenkins and two anonymous reviewers made comments that
   improved the quality of this manuscript. E. R. Larson was supported
   during analysis and writing of this manuscript at the University of
   Washington by a Victor and Tamarra Loosanoff Fellowship and Achievement
   Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS). The Arkansas Cooperative Fish and
   Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the University of
   Arkansas, U.S. Geological Survey, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, and
   Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 41
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 3
U2 34
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0046-5070
EI 1365-2427
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 54
IS 9
BP 1899
EP 1908
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02243.x
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 481FB
UT WOS:000268791700009
ER

PT J
AU Li, SW
   Mendelssohn, IA
   Chen, HJ
   Orem, WH
AF Li, Shuwen
   Mendelssohn, Irving A.
   Chen, Hongjun
   Orem, William H.
TI Does sulphate enrichment promote the expansion of Typha domingensis
   (cattail) in the Florida Everglades?(1)
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cladium; Everglades; growth; sulphide toxicity; Typha
ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; CLADIUM-JAMAICENSE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION;
   PORE-WATER; SULFIDE; SOIL; ROOTS; MACROPHYTES; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY
AB P>1. The expansion of Typha domingensis into areas once dominated by Cladium jamaicense in the Florida Everglades has been attributed to altered hydrology and phosphorus enrichment, although increased concentrations of sulphate and phosphorus often coincide. The potential importance of hydrogen sulphide produced from sulphate in the expansion of Typha has received little attention. The present study aimed to quantify the comparative growth and photosynthetic responses of Cladium and Typha to sulphate/sulphide.
   2. Laboratory experiments showed that Cladium is less tolerant of sulphide than Typha. Cladium was adversely affected at sulphide concentrations of approximately 0.22 mm, while Typha continued to grow well and appeared healthy up to 0.69 mm sulphide.
   3. Experiments in field mesocosms provided strong support for species-specific differences in physiology and growth. Regardless of interstitial sulphide concentrations attained, Typha grew faster and had a higher photosynthetic capacity than Cladium. However, sulphide concentrations in the mesocosms reached only 0.18 mm which, based on the hydroponic study, was insufficient to affect the growth or photosynthetic responses of either species. Nevertheless, the upper range of sulphide (0.25-0.375 mm) in Everglades' soil is high enough, based on our results, to impact Cladium but not Typha.
   4. This research supports the hypothesis that sulphide accumulation could affect plant species differentially and modify species composition. Consequently, the role of sulphate loading should be considered, in conjunction with hydroperiod, phosphorus availability and disturbances, in developing future management plans for the Everglades.
C1 [Li, Shuwen; Mendelssohn, Irving A.; Chen, Hongjun] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Orem, William H.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
RP Mendelssohn, IA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM imendel@lsu.edu
NR 59
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0046-5070
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 54
IS 9
BP 1909
EP 1923
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02242.x
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 481FB
UT WOS:000268791700010
ER

PT J
AU Contreras, DA
   Keefer, DK
AF Contreras, Daniel A.
   Keefer, David K.
TI Implications of the Fluvial History of the Wacheqsa River for Hydrologic
   Engineering and Water Use at Chavin de Huantar, Peru
SO GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; IRRIGATION CANALS; PROGRAM
AB Channeling of water through a variety of architectural features represents a significant engineering investment at the fist millennium B.C. ceremonial center of Chavin de Huantar in the Peruvian Central Andes. The site contains extensive evidence of the manipulation of water, apparently for diverse purposes. The present configuration of the two local rivers, however, keeps available water approximately 9 in below the highest level of water-bearing infrastructure in the site. Geomorphic and archaeological investigation of the fluvial history of the Wacheqsa River has revealed evidence that the Chavin-era configuration of the Wacheqsa River was different. A substantially higher water level, likely the result of a local impoundment of river water caused by a landslide dam, made the provision of water for the hydrologic system within the site a more readily practical possibility. We review what is known of that system and argue that the fluvial history of the Wacheqsa River is critical to understanding this aspect of hydrologic engineering and ritual practice at Chavin. This study demonstrates the relative rapidity and archaeological relevance of landscape change in a dynamic environment. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Contreras, Daniel A.] Stanford Univ, Archaeol Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
   [Keefer, David K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Contreras, DA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Archaeol Ctr, POB 20446, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
EM dcontre@stanford.edu
FU National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement [0532350];
   Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences Graduate Research
   Opportunity; Amherst College Memorial Fellowship; Explorers Club
   Exploration Fund; American Philosophical Society
FX The fieldwork involved in this research was carried out as part of John
   Rick's ongoing Stanford University research project at Chavin de
   Huantar, and we thank him for his support and generosity. Funding for
   the major season of field research in 2005 was provided by a National
   Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (#0532350),
   with additional support from a Stanford School of Humanities and
   Sciences Graduate Research Opportunity Grant, and an Amherst College
   Memorial Fellowship. The Explorers Club Exploration Fund and a Lewis and
   Clark Field Scholar Grant from the American Philosophical Society
   provided funding for follow-up work in 2006. We were also, of course,
   supported in the field by colleagues, students, and local residents too
   numerous to name. Particularly deserving of mention for their help are
   Maria Mendoza, Christian Mesia, Patricia Quinonez, and Franklin Romero;
   the excavation itself would have been impossible without the expert work
   of Zosimo Melgarejo, Alvaro Llanos, and many others. The Stanford
   Archaeological Project was possible thanks to the approval and support
   of the national (Lima) and regional (Huaraz) offices of Peru's Instituto
   Nacional de Cultura. The text of this article has been much improved
   thanks to the constructive criticism of Kenneth Lajoie, John Rick,
   Robert Schuster, three anonymous reviewers, and the editors.
NR 49
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0883-6353
J9 GEOARCHAEOLOGY
JI Geoarchaeology
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 5
BP 589
EP 618
DI 10.1002/gea.20279
PG 30
WC Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Archaeology; Geology
GA 489DQ
UT WOS:000269400400004
ER

PT J
AU Amelin, Y
   Connelly, J
   Zartman, RE
   Chen, JH
   Gopel, C
   Neymark, LA
AF Amelin, Y.
   Connelly, J.
   Zartman, R. E.
   Chen, J. H.
   Goepel, C.
   Neymark, L. A.
TI Modern U-Pb chronometry of meteorites: Advancing to higher time
   resolution reveals new problems
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; MN-53-CR-53 SYSTEMATICS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE;
   COOLING HISTORY; CORE FORMATION; PARENT BODY; AGE; ACCRETION; ALLENDE;
   LEAD
AB In this paper, we evaluate the factors that influence the accuracy of lead (Pb)-isotopic ages of meteorites, and may possibly be responsible for inconsistencies between Pb-isotopic and extinct nuclide timescales of the early Solar System: instrumental mass fractionation and other possible analytical sources of error, presence of more than one component of non-radiogenic Pb, migration of ancient radiogenic Pb by diffusion and other mechanisms, possible heterogeneity of the isotopic composition of uranium (U), uncertainties in the decay constants of uranium isotopes, possible presence of "freshly synthesized" actinides with short half-life (e.g. (234)U) in the early Solar System, possible initial disequilibrium in the uranium decay chains, and potential fractionation of radiogenic Pb isotopes and U isotopes caused by alpha-recoil and subsequent laboratory treatment. We review the use of (232)Th/(238)U values to assist in making accurate interpretations of the U-Pb ages of meteorite components. We discuss recently published U-Pb dates of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), and their apparent disagreement with the extinct nuclide dates, in the context of capability and common pitfalls in modern meteorite chronology. Finally, we discuss the requirements of meteorites that are intended to be used as the reference points in building a consistent time scale of the early Solar System, based on the combined use of the U-Pb system and extinct nuclide chronometers. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Amelin, Y.] Australian Natl Univ, Planetary Sci Inst, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
   [Amelin, Y.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
   [Connelly, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Connelly, J.] Geol Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark.
   [Zartman, R. E.] MIT, EAPS, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Chen, J. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Goepel, C.] IPGP, Lab Geochim & Cosmochim, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
   [Neymark, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Amelin, Y (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Planetary Sci Inst, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
EM yuri.amelin@anu.edu.au; connelly@mail.utexas.edu; rzartman@mit.edu;
   James.H.Chen@jpl.nasa.gov; gopel@ipgp.jussieu.fr; lneymark@usgs.gov
RI Connelly, James /O-7996-2015
NR 65
TC 26
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD SEP 1
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 17
BP 5212
EP 5223
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.040
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 484LX
UT WOS:000269047700015
ER

PT J
AU Amato, JM
   Toro, J
   Miller, EL
   Gehrels, GE
   Farmer, GL
   Gottlieb, ES
   Till, AB
AF Amato, Jeffrey M.
   Toro, Jaime
   Miller, Elizabeth L.
   Gehrels, George E.
   Farmer, G. Lang
   Gottlieb, Eric S.
   Till, Alison B.
TI Late Proterozoic-Paleozoic evolution of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka
   terrane based on U-Pb igneous and detrital zircon ages: Implications for
   Neoproterozoic paleogeographic reconstructions
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID PERI-GONDWANAN TERRANES; KIGLUAIK GNEISS DOME; BREAK-UP; WINDERMERE
   SUPERGROUP; ISOTOPIC VARIATIONS; WESTERN LAURENTIA; SEWARD PENINSULA;
   NORTHERN ALASKA; BALTICA; RODINIA
AB The Seward Peninsula of northwestern Alaska is part of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane, a crustal fragment exotic to western Laurentia with an uncertain origin and pre-Mesozoic evolution. U-Pb zircon geochronology on deformed igneous rocks reveals a previously unknown intermediate-felsic volcanic event at 870 Ma, coeval with rift-related magmatism associated with early breakup of eastern Rodinia. Orthogneiss bodies on Seward Peninsula yielded numerous 680 Ma U-Pb ages. The Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane has pre-Neoproterozoic basement based on Mesoproterozoic Nd model ages from both 870 Ma and 680 Ma igneous rocks, and detrital zircon ages between 2.0 and 1.0 Ga in overlying cover rocks. Small-volume magmatism occurred in Devonian time, based on U-Pb dating of granitic rocks.
   U-Pb dating of detrital zircons in 12 samples of metamorphosed Paleozoic siliciclastic cover rocks to this basement indicates that the dominant zircon age populations in the 934 zircons analyzed are found in the range 700-540 Ma, with prominent peaks at 720-660 Ma, 620-590 Ma, 560-510 Ma, 485 Ma, and 440-400 Ma. Devonian- and Pennsylvanian-age peaks are present in the samples with the youngest detrital zircons. These data show that the Seward Peninsula is exotic to western Laurentia because of the abundance of Neoproterozoic detrital zircons, which are rare or absent in Lower Paleozoic Cordilleran continental shelf rocks. Maximum depositional ages inferred from the youngest detrital age peaks include latest Proterozoic-Early Cambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Pennsylvanian. These maximum depositional ages overlap with conodont ages reported from fossiliferous carbonate rocks on Seward Peninsula.
   The distinctive features of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane include Neoproterozoic felsic magmatic rocks intruding 2.0-1.1 Ga crust overlain by Paleozoic carbonate rocks and Paleozoic siliciclastic rocks with Neoproterozoic detrital zircons. The Neoproterozoic ages are similar to those in the peri-Gondwanan Avalonian-Cadomian arc system, the Timanide orogen of Baltica, and other circum-Arctic terranes that were proximal to Arctic Alaska prior to the opening of the Amerasian basin in the Early Cretaceous. Our Neoproterozoic reconstruction places the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane in a position near Baltica, northeast of Laurentia, in an arc system along strike with the Avalonian-Cadomian arc terranes. Previously published faunal data indicate that Seward Peninsula had Siberian and Laurentian links by Early Ordovician time. The geologic links between the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane and eastern Laurentia, Baltica, peri-Gondwanan arc terranes, and Siberia from the Paleoproterozoic to the Paleozoic help to constrain paleogeographic models from the Neoproterozoic history of Rodinia to the Mesozoic opening of the Arctic basin.
C1 [Amato, Jeffrey M.; Gottlieb, Eric S.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
   [Toro, Jaime] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
   [Miller, Elizabeth L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Gehrels, George E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Farmer, G. Lang] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Till, Alison B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Amato, JM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM amato@nmsu.edu
FU U. S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program
   (EDMAP) [07HQAG0048]; New Mexico State University College of Arts and
   Sciences; Institute for Tectonic Studies; National Science Foundation
   (NSF) [EAR-0443387]
FX This research was partially supported by grants from the U. S.
   Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (EDMAP),
   under assistance award no. 07HQAG0048, the New Mexico State University
   College of Arts and Sciences, and the Institute for Tectonic Studies.
   National Science Foundation (NSF) grant EAR-0443387 supported the
   Arizona LaserChron Center. Victor Valencia helped acquire some of the
   detrital zircon data. Alaska State Geologist Robert Swenson facilitated
   the submission of the U. S. Geological Survey EDMAP proposal. Melanie
   Werdon of the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys
   collected sample BM1. J. R. Hennessey, Alex Patthoff, and Frank Graf
   assisted with field work. Trey Becker performed many of the mineral
   separations. The U. S. Geological Survey provided logistical support in
   the field and contributed funding for analyses. Discussions with Julie
   Dumoulin, Tom Moore, and Joseph Meert are appreciated. J. D. Keppie, R.
   D. Nance, and J. K. Mortensen provided constructive and detailed reviews
   that improved both the text and figures. The views and conclusions
   contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be
   interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either
   expressed or implied, of the U. S. government.
NR 98
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 1
U2 4
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 121
IS 9-10
BP 1219
EP 1235
DI 10.1130/B26510.1
PG 17
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 478QZ
UT WOS:000268604300001
ER

PT J
AU Caine, JS
   Minor, SA
AF Caine, Jonathan Saul
   Minor, Scott A.
TI Structural and geochemical characteristics of faulted sediments and
   inferences on the role of water in deformation, Rio Grande Rift, New
   Mexico
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID POORLY LITHIFIED SEDIMENTS; FLUID-FLOW; PERMEABILITY STRUCTURE;
   ALBUQUERQUE BASIN; ZONE ARCHITECTURE; CLAY SMEAR; CALIFORNIA; SANDSTONE;
   GOUGE; HETEROGENEITY
AB The San Ysidro fault is a spectacularly exposed normal fault located in the northwestern Albuquerque Basin of the Rio Grande Rift. This intrabasin fault is representative of many faults that formed in poorly lithified sediments throughout the rift. The fault is exposed over nearly 10 km and accommodates nearly 700 m of dip slip in sub horizontal, siliciclastic sediments. The extent of the exposure facilitates study of along-strike variations in deformation mechanisms, architecture, geochemistry, and permeability. The fault is composed of structural and hydrogeologic components that include a clay-rich fault core, a calcite-cemented mixed zone, and a poorly developed damage zone primarily consisting of deformation bands. Structural textures suggest that initial deformation in the fault occurred at low temperature and pressure, was within the paleosaturated zone of the evolving Rio Grande Rift, and was dominated by particulate flow. Little geochemical change is apparent across the fault zone other than due to secondary processes. The lack of fault-related geochemical change is interpreted to reflect the fundamental nature of water-saturated, particulate flow. Early mechanical entrainment of low-permeability clays into the fault core likely caused damming of groundwater flow on the up-gradient, footwall side of the fault. This may have caused a pressure gradient and flow of calcite-saturated waters in higher-permeability, fault-entrained siliciclastic sediments, ultimately promoting their cementation by sparry calcite. Once developed, the cemented and clay-rich fault has likely been, and continues to be, a partial barrier to cross-fault groundwater flow, as suggested by petrophysical measurements. Aeromagnetic data indicate that there may be many more unmapped faults with similar lengths to the San Ysidro fault buried within Rio Grande basins. If these buried faults formed by the same processes that formed the San Ysidro fault and have persistent low-permeability cores and cemented mixed zones, they could compartmentalize the basin-fill aquifers more than is currently realized, particularly if pumping stresses continue to increase in response to population growth.
C1 [Caine, Jonathan Saul; Minor, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Caine, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jscaine@usgs.gov
FU U. S. Geological Survey; Geologic Discipline; National Cooperative
   Geologic Mapping and Mineral Resources
FX This work was funded by the U. S. Geological Survey, Geologic
   Discipline, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Mineral Resources
   Programs under the Geologic Framework of Rio Grande Basins Project. We
   are grateful to Peter Pino of the Zia Pueblo, New Mexico, who granted
   access to the field area. Discussions with Tien Grauch, Mark Hudson, Dan
   Koning, and Sean Connell were instrumental in germination of ideas
   related to this work. Dennis Eberl and Steve Sutley of the U. S.
   Geological Survey are thanked for providing X-ray diffraction analyses
   for this study. George Breit, Peter Eichhubl, Chris Potter, Geoffrey
   Rawling, and Jennifer Wilson provided constructive peer reviews, and we
   thank them for their conscientious efforts. Laurel Goodwin provided
   exceptional editorial guidance that greatly improved the clarity of the
   paper.
NR 74
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 11
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 121
IS 9-10
BP 1325
EP 1340
DI 10.1130/B26164.1
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 478QZ
UT WOS:000268604300006
ER

PT J
AU Romans, BW
   Normark, WR
   McGann, MM
   Covault, JA
   Graham, SA
AF Romans, Brian W.
   Normark, William R.
   McGann, Mary M.
   Covault, Jacob A.
   Graham, Stephan A.
TI Coarse-grained sediment delivery and distribution in the Holocene Santa
   Monica Basin, California: Implications for evaluating source-to-sink
   flux at millennial time scales
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND;
   DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS; OFFSHORE CALIFORNIA; ACCUMULATION RATES; SUBMARINE
   FANS; BARBARA BASIN; LOS-ANGELES; EL-NINO
AB Utilizing accumulations of coarse-grained terrigenous sediment from deep-marine basins to evaluate the relative contributions of and history of controls on sediment flux through a source-to-sink system has been difficult as a result of limited knowledge of event timing. In this study, six new radiocarbon ((14)C) dates are integrated with five previously published dates that have been recalibrated from a 12.5-m-thick turbidite section from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California. This borehole is tied to high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles that cover an 1100 km(2) area of the middle and lower Hueneme submarine fan and most of the basin plain. The resulting stratigraphic framework provides the highest temporal resolution for a thick-bedded Holocene turbidite succession to date, permitting an evaluation of source-to-sink controls at millennial (1000 yr) scales.
   The depositional history from 7 ka to present indicates that the recurrence interval for large turbidity-current events is relatively constant (300-360 yr), but the volume of sediment deposited on the fan and in the basin plain has increased by a factor of 2 over this period. Moreover, the amount of sand per event on the basin plain during the same interval has increased by a factor of 7. Maps of sediment distribution derived from correlation of seismic-reflection profiles indicate that this trend cannot be attributed exclusively to autogenic processes (e.g., progradation of depocenters). The observed variability in sediment accumulation rates is thus largely controlled by allogenic factors, including: (1) increased discharge of Santa Clara River as a result of increased magnitude and frequency of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events from ca. 2 ka to present, (2) an apparent change in routing of coarse-grained sediment within the staging area at ca. 3 ka (i.e., from direct river input to indirect, littoral cell input into Hueneme submarine canyon), and (3) decreasing rates of sea-level rise (i.e., rate of rise slowed considerably by ca. 3 ka). The Holocene history of the Santa Clara River-Santa Monica Basin source-to-sink system demonstrates the ways in which varying sediment flux and changes in dispersal pathways affect the basinal stratigraphic record.
C1 [Romans, Brian W.; Covault, Jacob A.; Graham, Stephan A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Normark, William R.; McGann, Mary M.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Romans, BW (reprint author), Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA.
EM brian.romans@chevron.com
RI Romans, Brian/G-2035-2010; 
OI Romans, Brian/0000-0002-3112-0326
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Stanford Project on Deep-Water
   Depositional Systems (SPODDS)
FX Funding for the processing and radiocarbon dating of samples was
   provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine
   Catastrophic Hazards and California Urban Ocean Projects. The Huntec
   seismic-reflection data were collected by the Geological Survey of
   Canada CSS Parizeau cruise 91-062, maintained by the USGS Coastal &
   Marine Geology Division in Menlo Park, California. Additional funding
   for Romans was provided by the Stanford Project on Deep-Water
   Depositional Systems (SPODDS), a petroleum-industry consortium
   conducting research on ancient and modern turbidite systems around the
   world. Romans would like to acknowledge Ray W. Sliter (USGS) for his
   help with various seismic-reflection data issues. The Ocean Drilling
   Program (ODP) Core Repository in College Station, Texas, was
   instrumental in helping secure sediment samples from Site 1015 cores.
   Reviewers for internal USGS review, David J.W. Piper (Geological Survey
   of Canada) and Jonathan A. Warrick (USGS), provided thoughtful first
   reviews that improved the original submission. Comments and suggestions
   from GSA Bulletin reviewers Charles Paull, David C. Twichell, Benjamin
   Kneller, and Kevin T. Pickering significantly improved the clarity and
   focus of this paper. Finally, Romans would like to dedicate this paper
   to Bill Normark, who passed away shortly after this manuscript was
   submitted. Bill was a diligent and gifted scientist, a talented
   winemaker, as well as a mentor and friend to all the authors of this
   paper.
NR 90
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 18
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL
JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 121
IS 9-10
BP 1394
EP 1408
DI 10.1130/B26393.1
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 478QZ
UT WOS:000268604300010
ER

PT J
AU Spiske, M
   Jaffe, BE
AF Spiske, Michaela
   Jaffe, Bruce E.
TI Sedimentology and hydrodynamic implications of a coarse-grained
   hurricane sequence in a carbonate reef setting
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STORM DEPOSITS; TSUNAMI; NETHERLANDS; ANTILLES; BONAIRE; TYPHOON;
   CURACAO
AB Storms and associated surges are major coast-shaping processes. Nevertheless, no typical sequences for storm surge deposits in different coastal settings have been established. This study interprets a coarse-grained hurricane ridge deposit on the island of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. The sequence was deposited during Hurricane Lenny in November 1999. Insight is gained into the hydrodynamics of surge flow by interpreting textural trends, particle imbrication, and deposit geometry. Vertical textural variations, caused by time-dependent hydrodynamic changes, were used to subdivide the deposit into depositional units that correspond to different stages of the surge, such as setup, peak, and return flow. Particle size and imbrication trends and geometry of the units reflect landward bed-load transport of components during the setup, a nondirectional flow with sediment falling out of suspension during the peak, and a seaward bed-load transport during the return flow. Formation of a ridge during setup affected the texture of the return flow unit. Changing angles of imbrication reflect alternating flow velocities during each phase. Normal grading during setup and inverse grading during return flow are caused by decelerating and accelerating flow, respectively. Hence, the interpreted deposit seems to represent the first described complete hurricane surge sequence from a carbonate environment.
C1 [Spiske, Michaela] Univ Munster, Inst Geol Palaontol, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
   [Jaffe, Bruce E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Spiske, M (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Geol Palaontol, Corrensstr 24, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
EM spiske@uni-muenster.de
RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012
OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920
FU Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD)
FX Field work was funded by the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst
   (DAAD). We thank F. Simal and the staff of the Washington Slagbaai
   National Park on Bonaire for support in the field and afterward. F. C.
   van Duyl and B. McGee supplied us with aerial photos of Playa Funchi. We
   thank R. Morton, J. Warrick, and H. Bahlburg for critically reading the
   manuscript, as well as H. Regnauld and J. Goff for reviewing the paper.
NR 29
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 11
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 37
IS 9
BP 839
EP 842
DI 10.1130/G30173A.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 494KP
UT WOS:000269812000021
ER

PT J
AU Bradley, PM
   Lacombe, PJ
   Imbrigiotta, TE
   Chapelle, FH
   Goode, DJ
AF Bradley, Paul M.
   Lacombe, Pierre J.
   Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.
   Chapelle, Francis H.
   Goode, Daniel J.
TI Flowpath Independent Monitoring of Reductive Dechlorination Potential in
   a Fractured Rock Aquifer
SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CHLOROETHENE BIODEGRADATION; HYDROGEN
   CONCENTRATIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VINYL-CHLORIDE; SEDIMENTS; WATER;
   TETRACHLOROETHENE; GROUNDWATER; BIOAVAILABILITY
AB The flowpath dependent approaches that are typically employed to assess biodegradation of chloroethene contaminants in unconsolidated aquifers are problematic in fractured rock settings, due to difficulties defining discrete groundwater flowpaths in such systems. In this study, the variation in the potential for chloroethene biodegradation with depth was evaluated in a fractured rock aquifer using two flowpath independent lines of field evidence: (1) the presence of the three biochemical prerequisites [electron donor(s), chloroethene electron acceptor(s), and chlororespiring microorganism(s)] for efficient chloroethene chlororespiration and (2) the in situ accumulation of chloroethene reductive dechlorination daughter products. The validity of this approach was assessed by comparing field results with the results of [1, 2-14C] cis-DCE microcosm experiments. Microcosms were prepared with depth-specific core material, which was crushed and emplaced in discrete packer intervals for 1 year to allow colonization by the indigenous microbial community. Packer intervals characterized by significant electron donor concentrations, elevated numbers of chlororespiring microorganisms, and high reductive dechlorination product to parent contaminant ratios correlated well with the production of 14C-labeled reductive dechlorination products in the microcosm experiments. These results indicate that, in the absence of information on discrete groundwater flowpaths, a modified approach emphasizing flowpath independent lines of evidence can provide insight into the temporal and spatial variability of contaminant biodegradation in fractured rock systems.
C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
   [Lacombe, Pierre J.; Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.] US Geol Survey, New Jersey Water Sci Ctr, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA.
   [Goode, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Penn Water Sci Ctr, Exton, PA 19341 USA.
RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, S Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
EM pbradley@usgs.gov; placombe@usgs.gov; timbrig@usgs.gov;
   chapelle@usgs.gov; djgoode@usgs.gov
OI Goode, Daniel/0000-0002-8527-2456
FU USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program; Strategic Environmental
   Restoration and Defense Program of the DOE; DOD; U.S. EPA
FX This research was funded by the USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program
   and the Strategic Environmental Restoration and Defense Program of the
   DOE, DOD, and U.S. EPA.
NR 44
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1069-3629
EI 1745-6592
J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R
JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat.
PD FAL
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 4
BP 46
EP 55
PG 10
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 515JS
UT WOS:000271466600004
ER

PT J
AU Halstead, BJ
   Mushinsky, HR
   Mccoy, ED
AF Halstead, Brian J.
   Mushinsky, Henry R.
   McCoy, Earl D.
TI MASTICOPHIS FLAGELLUM SELECTS FLORIDA SCRUB HABITAT AT MULTIPLE SPATIAL
   SCALES
SO HERPETOLOGICA
LA English
DT Article
DE Coachwhip; Habitat selection; Movement; Snake; Spatial ecology
ID ELAPHE-OBSOLETA-SPILOIDES; FORAGING ECOLOGY; MAMMALIAN PREY; PREDATION
   RISK; SNAKES; CONSEQUENCES; EXTINCTION; AUSTRALIA; MORTALITY; COACHWHIP
AB The use of space by individual animals strongly influences the spatial extent, abundance, and growth rates of their populations. We analyzed the spatial ecology and habitat selection of Masticophis flagellum (the coachwhip) at three different scales to determine which habitats are most important to this species. Home ranges and mean daily displacements of M. flagellum in Florida were large compared to individuals in other populations of this species. Home ranges contained a greater proportion of Florida scrub habitat than did the study site as a whole, and individuals selected Florida scrub habitat,within their home ranges. For both selection of the home range within the study site and selection of habitats within the home range, mesic, Cutthroat and hydric swamp habitats were avoided. Standardized selection ratios of Florida scrub patches were positively correlated with lizard abundance. Several non-mu tu ally exclusive mechanisms, including foraging success (prey abundance, prey vulnerability, and foraging efficiency), abundance of refugia, and thermoregulatory opportunity may underlie the selection of Florida scrub by, M. flagellum. Historic rarity and anthropogenic loss and fragmentation of Florida scrub habitat, coupled with the long-distance movements, large home ranges, and selection of Florida scrub by M. flagellum, indicate that large contiguous tracts of land containing Florida scrub will lie essential for the persistence of M. flagellum in central Florida.
C1 [Halstead, Brian J.; Mushinsky, Henry R.; McCoy, Earl D.] Univ S Florida, Div Integrat Biol, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33690 USA.
RP Halstead, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
EM bhalstead@usgs.gov
FU University of South Florida Presidential Fellowship; American Museum of
   Natural History Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fluid
FX We thank the numerous graduate students and undergraduate assistants
   that helped with different aspects of this research. The staff at Lake
   Wales Ridge State Forest, particularly A. Malatesta, was very
   accommodating and provided logistic support. The staff at tire
   University of South Florida Division of Comparative Medicine,
   particularly M. Baldwin, D. Caretto, and C. Trahan, provided excellent
   training and support with surgical materials and methods. This project
   was supported by a University of South Florida Presidential Fellowship
   and an American Museum of Natural History Theodore Roosevelt Memorial
   Fluid Grant to B. Hallstead, and by a University of South Florida
   Established Researcher Grant to H. Mushinsky. This research was
   conducted under permit front the Florida Department of Agriculture and
   Consumer Services, Division of Forestry, and followed University of
   South Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee procedures.
NR 48
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 11
PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE
PI EMPORIA
PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST,
   EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA
SN 0018-0831
EI 1938-5099
J9 HERPETOLOGICA
JI Herpetologica
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 65
IS 3
BP 268
EP 279
PG 12
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 526MM
UT WOS:000272293900005
ER

PT J
AU Buczko, K
   Korponai, J
   Padisak, J
   Starratt, SW
AF Buczko, Krisztina
   Korponai, Janos
   Padisak, Judit
   Starratt, Scott W.
TI Foreword: A virtual congress on palaeolimnology-palaeolimnological
   proxies as tools for environmental reconstruction in fresh water
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Buczko, Krisztina] Hungarian Natl Hist Museum, Dept Bot, H-1476 Budapest, Hungary.
   [Korponai, Janos] W Transdanubian Dist Water Author, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary.
   [Korponai, Janos] Univ W Hungary, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, H-9700 Szombathely, Hungary.
   [Padisak, Judit] Univ Pannonia, Dept Limnol, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary.
   [Starratt, Scott W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Buczko, K (reprint author), Hungarian Natl Hist Museum, Dept Bot, POB 222, H-1476 Budapest, Hungary.
EM krisztina@buczko.eu
RI Korponai, Janos/G-1438-2011; Padisak, Judit/B-4514-2008
OI Padisak, Judit/0000-0001-8285-2896
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 631
IS 1
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9805-x
PG 2
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 458RJ
UT WOS:000267040900001
ER

PT J
AU Starratt, SW
AF Starratt, Scott W.
TI Holocene climate on the Modoc Plateau, northern California, USA: the
   view from Medicine Lake
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Diatoms; Pollen; Laminated sediments; Multiproxy
ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; AMERICA; VARIABILITY;
   SEDIMENT; OREGON; RECORD; YR; OSCILLATION; HISTORY
AB Medicine Lake is a small (165 ha), relatively shallow (average 7.3 m), intermediate elevation (2,036 m) lake located within the summit caldera of Medicine Lake volcano, Siskiyou County, California, USA. Sediment cores and high-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection data were collected from the lake during the fall of 1999 and 2000. Sediments were analyzed for diatoms, pollen, density, grain size (sand/mud ratio), total organic carbon (TOC), and micro-scale fabric analysis. Using both (14)C (AMS) dating and tephrochronology, the basal sediments were estimated to have been deposited about 11,400 cal year BP, thus yielding an estimated average sedimentation rate of about 20.66 cm/1,000 year. The lowermost part of the core (11,400-10,300 cal year BP) contains the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions. From about 11,000-5,500 cal year BP, Medicine Lake consisted of two small, steep-sided lakes or one lake with two steep-sided basins connected by a shallow shelf. During this time, both the pollen (Abies/Artemisia ratio) and the diatom (Cyclotella/Navicula ratio) evidences indicate that the effective moisture increased, leading to a deeper lake. Over the past 5,500 years, the pollen record shows that effective moisture continued to increase, and the diatom record indicates fluctuations in the lake level. The change in the lake level pattern from one of the increasing depths prior to about 6,000 cal year BP to one of the variable depths may be related to changes in the morphology of the Medicine Lake caldera associated with the movement of magma and the eruption of the Medicine Lake Glass Flow about 5,120 cal year BP. These changes in basin morphology caused Medicine Lake to flood the shallow shelf which surrounds the deeper part of the lake. During this period, the Cyclotella/Navicula ratio and the percent abundance of Isoetes vary, suggesting that the level of the lake fluctuated, resulting in changes in the shelf area available for colonization by benthic diatoms and Isoetes. These fluctuations are not typical of the small number of low-elevation Holocene lake records in the region, and probably reflect the hydrologic conditions unique to Medicine Lake.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Starratt, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM sstarrat@usgs.gov
FU USGS
FX This research was supported by the Earth Surface Dynamics and Volcano
   Hazards Programs of the USGS.
NR 66
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 631
IS 1
BP 197
EP 211
DI 10.1007/s10750-009-9811-z
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 458RJ
UT WOS:000267040900012
ER

PT J
AU Michael, HA
   Voss, CI
AF Michael, Holly A.
   Voss, Clifford I.
TI Estimation of regional-scale groundwater flow properties in the Bengal
   Basin of India and Bangladesh
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Bangladesh; India; Inverse modeling; Parameter estimation; Geostatistics
ID GANGES-BRAHMAPUTRA DELTA; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; MODELS;
   PERMEABILITY; EVOLUTION; FRAMEWORK; RESOURCE; SEQUENCE; AQUIFERS;
   GEOLOGY
AB Quantitative evaluation of management strategies for long-term supply of safe groundwater for drinking from the Bengal Basin aquifer (India and Bangladesh) requires estimation of the large-scale hydrogeologic properties that control flow. The Basin consists of a stratified, heterogeneous sequence of sediments with aquitards that may separate aquifers locally, but evidence does not support existence of regional confining units. Considered at a large scale, the Basin may be aptly described as a single aquifer with higher horizontal than vertical hydraulic conductivity. Though data are sparse, estimation of regional-scale aquifer properties is possible from three existing data types: hydraulic heads, (14)C concentrations, and driller logs. Estimation is carried out with inverse groundwater modeling using measured heads, by model calibration using estimated water ages based on (14)C, and by statistical analysis of driller logs. Similar estimates of hydraulic conductivities result from all three data types; a resulting typical value of vertical anisotropy (ratio of horizontal to vertical conductivity) is 10(4). The vertical anisotropy estimate is supported by simulation of flow through geostatistical fields consistent with driller log data. The high estimated value of vertical anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity indicates that even disconnected aquitards, if numerous, can strongly control the equivalent hydraulic parameters of an aquifer system.
C1 [Michael, Holly A.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
   [Michael, Holly A.; Voss, Clifford I.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Michael, HA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM hmichael@udel.edu
RI Michael, Holly/F-8447-2010
FU UNICEF; Arsenic Policy Support Unit of the British Department for
   International Development; US Agency for International Development; US
   Geological Survey; Government of Bangladesh through the Department of
   Public Health and Engineering and the Bangladesh Water Development
   Board; National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate at the
   US Geological Survey
FX Thanks are due to K.M. Ahmed (University of Dhaka), A. Zahid (Bangladesh
   Water Development Board and University of Dhaka), M.A. Hoque (Bangladesh
   University of Engineering and Technology), S.P. Sinha Ray (Centre for
   Ground-water Studies), P. Sikdar and P. Sahu (Indian Institute of Social
   Welfare and Business Management) and S. Chakraborty (Bengal Engineering
   and Science University) for technical advice and ongoing cooperation; to
   J. Whitney and D. Clark (US Geological Survey) for initiating and
   supporting this project; to G. Howard, R. Johnston, and R. Nickson for
   their support; to M. Allison (Tulane University) and S. Goodbred
   (Vanderbilt University) for insights into Bengal Basin geology; to R.
   Ababou (Institut de Mecanique des Fluides de Toulouse) and A. Boucher
   (Stanford University) for discussions on geostatistics; to L.N. Plummer
   (US Geological Survey) for providing <SUP>14</SUP>C corrections; and to
   C. West, A.H.M. Shamsuddin, and J. Coleman of UNOCAL for geologic
   information. The project was funded by UNICEF, the Arsenic Policy
   Support Unit of the British Department for International Development,
   the US Agency for International Development, and the US Geological
   Survey. Thanks are also due to the Government of Bangladesh through the
   Department of Public Health and Engineering and the Bangladesh Water
   Development Board. We also thank the technical reviewers of this
   manuscript. This work was conducted in part while H.M. was a National
   Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate at the US Geological
   Survey (2005-2006).
NR 65
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 17
IS 6
BP 1329
EP 1346
DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0443-1
PG 18
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 483ZX
UT WOS:000269013500002
ER

PT J
AU Brehme, CS
   Boarman, WI
   Hathaway, SA
   Herring, A
   Lyren, L
   Mendelsohn, M
   Pease, K
   Rahn, M
   Rochester, C
   Stokes, D
   Turschak, G
   Fisher, RN
AF Brehme, C. S.
   Boarman, W. I.
   Hathaway, S. A.
   Herring, A.
   Lyren, L.
   Mendelsohn, M.
   Pease, K.
   Rahn, M.
   Rochester, C.
   Stokes, D.
   Turschak, G.
   Fisher, R. N.
TI Spatial and temporal patterns across an ecological boundary:
   Allochthonous effects of a young saltwater lake on a desert ecosystem
SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Desert ecology; Ecotone; Edge effect; Landscape ecology; Salton Sea;
   Trophic interaction
ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SALTON-SEA; FOOD WEBS; MARINE SUBSIDIES; AQUATIC
   INSECTS; TERRESTRIAL; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; PREDATION; FRAGMENTATION
AB We documented changes in the abundance and composition of terrestrial flora and fauna with respect to distance from the sea edge and timing of large allochthonous inputs from the Salton Sea, California. We found significant effects that were most pronounced within 300 m of the shore, but extended 3 km inland via coyote scat deposition. The zone within 300 m of the sea had a higher density of vegetation with a distinctly different plant composition. The denser vegetation supported higher abundances of birds and reptiles. Coyotes exhibited spatial and temporal responses to marine subsidies of fish, while birds were likely subsidized by aquatic aerial insects. Top-down control, as well as dietary and habitat preferences, may have resulted in reduced number of ants, beetles, and small mammals near the sea. Species responses to the habitat edge appeared to be associated with life history, as the near shore habitat favored habitat generalists and shore specialists, while inland desert habitat favored many sand and open desert specialists. Ecosystem responses Support Current theories of allochthonous spatial subsidies and consumer-resource dynamics but were limited in scope, magnitude, and distance. published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Brehme, C. S.; Boarman, W. I.; Hathaway, S. A.; Herring, A.; Lyren, L.; Mendelsohn, M.; Pease, K.; Rochester, C.; Stokes, D.; Turschak, G.; Fisher, R. N.] US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
   [Rahn, M.] San Diego State Univ, Coll Sci, Field Stn Programs, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
RP Brehme, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
EM cbrehme@usgs.gov; rfisher@usgs.gov
FU Cameron Barrows, Center for Natural Lands Management; Salton Sea Science
   Office; Bureau of Reclamation and conducted on U.S. Bureau of Land
   Management
FX We thank USGS scientists; Dino Barnham, Steve Carroll, Sara Schuster,
   Sierra Hayden, Chris Haas, Allan Hebbert, Tritia Matsuda, Zsolt
   Kahancza, and Elizabeth Gallegos for assisting with field data
   collection, Andrea Atkinson andjulie Yee for statistical advice. Doug
   Chamblin for editorial support, and several anonymous reviewers provided
   helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We thank Dr.
   Andrew Suarez and Dr. Phil Ward at the Universities of Illinois and
   California, Davis for assisting with ant identification. We also thank
   Douglas Barnum, USGS Salton Sea Science Office, and Cheryl Rodriguez,
   Bureau of Reclamation, for providing invaluable logistical support and
   Cameron Barrows, Center for Natural Lands Management, and Rich Rust,
   University of Nevada, Reno for assisting in identification of beetles.
   This research was funded in part by the Salton Sea Science Office,
   Bureau of Reclamation and conducted on U.S. Bureau of Land Management,
   California State Parks, and the California Department of Fish and Game
   lands. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication does
   not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 58
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 22
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0140-1963
J9 J ARID ENVIRON
JI J. Arid. Environ.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 9
BP 811
EP 820
DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.03.002
PG 10
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 466PY
UT WOS:000267675800006
ER

PT J
AU Ruggiero, P
   Lists, JH
AF Ruggiero, Peter
   Lists, Jeffrey H.
TI Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and
   Change Rate Estimates
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE California; Pacific Northwest; high waterline; lidar; mean high water;
   shoreline change rate; shoreline position uncertainty; weighted linear
   regression
ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; WATER LEVELS; BEACH; RUNUP; LINE
AB A generalized methodology, relevant for a wide variety of shoreline change analyses, is developed to estimate the horizontal offset between proxy-based high water line (HWL) type shorelines and datum-based mean high water (MHW) type shorelines. The ability to compute this term is critical for change analyses that incorporate variously defined and derived shoreline estimates because this horizontal offset nearly always acts in one direction; HWL shorelines are landward of MHW shorelines. Not accounting for this offset will cause shoreline change rates to be biased toward slower shoreline retreat, progradation rather than retreat, or faster progradation than in reality (for the typical case where datum-based shorelines are collected after proxy-based shorelines), depending on actual changes at a given site. It is also demonstrated that by computing the uncertainty associated with this proxy datum shoreline bias, we are quantifying, for the first time, the uncertainty of HWL shorelines due to water level fluctuations. Complete accounting of the uncertainty of shoreline position estimates is necessary for determining the statistical significance of shoreline change rate computations. The proxy-datum bias and the bias uncertainty are estimated to be approximately 18 and 9 m, respectively, on average for the sandy beaches of the California coast (and significantly larger on the milder sloping beaches of the U.S. Pacific Northwest). The importance of accounting for the bias in calculating shoreline change rates is confirmed as its inclusion along the California coast changes the coastwide decadal-scale (1970s to present) shoreline change rate from net progradation to net shoreline retreat.
C1 [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Lists, Jeffrey H.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Ruggiero, P (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM ruggierp@geo.oregonstate.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program
FX This study was funded by the National Assessment of Shoreline Change
   Hazards Project of the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology
   Program. Thanks to Cheryl Hapke for providing the California shoreline
   change data for use in demonstrating the methodology described in this
   paper. Thanks to Abby Sallenger, Peter Howd, Hilary Stockdon, and Sam
   Johnson for input on the development of the methodology and to Nathaniel
   Plant, Chip Fletcher, and Mark Crowell for a detailed review of an
   earlier draft of this manuscript.
NR 40
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 7
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
EI 1551-5036
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 5
BP 1069
EP 1081
DI 10.2112/08-1051.1
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 501GO
UT WOS:000270369500001
ER

PT J
AU Ramsey, E
   Werle, D
   Lu, Z
   Rangoonwala, A
   Suzuoki, Y
AF Ramsey, Elijah, III
   Werle, Dirk
   Lu, Zhong
   Rangoonwala, Amina
   Suzuoki, Yukihiro
TI A Case of Timely Satellite Image Acquisitions in Support of Coastal
   Emergency Environmental Response Management
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Satellite optical and radar image data; coastal flooding and damage;
   strategic collections
ID LOUISIANA
AB The synergistic application of optical and radar satellite imagery improves emergency response and advance coastal monitoring from the realm of "opportunistic" to that of "strategic." As illustrated by the Hurricane Ike example, synthetic aperture radar imaging capabilities are clearly applicable for emergency response operations, but they are also relevant to emergency environmental management. Integrated with optical monitoring, the nearly real-time availability of synthetic aperture radar provides superior consistency in status and trends monitoring and enhanced information concerning causal forces of change that are critical to coastal resource sustainability, including flooding extent, depth, and frequency.
C1 [Ramsey, Elijah, III] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
   [Werle, Dirk] AERDE Environm Res, Halifax, NS B3J 2X1, Canada.
   [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
   [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Ctr Sci, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
   [Lu, Zhong] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
   [Rangoonwala, Amina] IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
   [Suzuoki, Yukihiro] ASci Corp, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Ramsey, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM ramseye@usgs.gov
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 5
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 5
BP 1168
EP 1172
DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00012.1
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 501GO
UT WOS:000270369500011
ER

PT J
AU Flocks, J
   Kulp, M
   Smith, J
   Williams, SJ
AF Flocks, James
   Kulp, Mark
   Smith, Jackie
   Williams, S. Jeffress
TI Review of the Geologic History of the Pontchartrain Basin, Northern Gulf
   of Mexico
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE Louisiana; Mississippi; coastal plain; Mississippi River delta plain;
   Lake Pontchartrain; New Orleans; Pleistocene terraces; Pearl River; Pine
   Island Barrier; St. Bernard Delta
AB The Pontchartrain Basin extends over 44,000 km(2) from northern Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico and includes one of the largest and most important estuarine systems in the United States. The basin supports a variety of environments, from woodlands in the north to wetlands in the south, and a growing socioeconomic infrastructure that has led to rapid development of the southern half of the basin over the past two centuries. To properly administer this infrastructure, managers need to understand the complex geologic framework of the basin and how it will respond to continued sea-level rise, variable rates and magnitudes of land subsidence, and human alteration of the landscape. This article summarizes the body of work that describes the regional evolution and stratigraphic architecture of the Pontchartrain Basin.
   The northern two-thirds of the basin is underlain by a stratigraphy of undifferentiated sands and clays deposited throughout the Plio-Pleistocene by glacially influenced rivers. These deposits were weathered and incised by rivers during sea-level low stands, forming a series of terraces that increase with age from south to north. The southern third of the basin is composed of estuaries formed during the Holocene, while shoreline processes created a series of sandy barriers that restricted communication to the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi River completed the geologic development of the basin by building a sequence of subdelta lobes along this southern margin over the past 5000 years, further sealing it from the open Gulf of Mexico. Presently, the modern Mississippi River bypasses the estuarine environment and only contributes sediments during flood events when the river overtops the levee system. Sea-level rise, subsidence within the Holocene delta-plain deposits, and movement along numerous fault systems are the active natural processes that continue to affect basin geomorphology.
C1 [Flocks, James; Smith, Jackie] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
   [Kulp, Mark] Univ New Orleans, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
   [Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Flocks, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM jflocks@usgs.gov
NR 61
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 4
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
EI 1551-5036
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD FAL
PY 2009
SI 54
BP 12
EP 22
DI 10.2112/SI54-013.1
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA V39ZD
UT WOS:000209448000004
ER

PT J
AU Yuill, B
   Lavoie, D
   Reed, DJ
AF Yuill, Brendan
   Lavoie, Dawn
   Reed, Denise J.
TI Understanding Subsidence Processes in Coastal Louisiana
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB Very high subsidence rates are routinely documented within the Pontchartrain Basin and coastal Louisiana. Subsidence promotes land loss and degrades the integrity of infrastructure and ecosystem health. Despite its vast impact on the regional landscape, the precise causes of the subsidence are not well understood; contemporary research attributes measurements of subsidence to many different processes. Because individual subsidence studies often focus on a singular subsidence process and use alternative methodologies, results may not be comparable with or complementary to the results of other studies, hindering attempts to synthesize the collective body of research into a comprehensive regional understanding. This article presents a review of contemporary subsidence research to define the most influential processes in coastal Louisiana. The processes are grouped into six categories: tectonics, Holocene sediment compaction, sediment loading, glacial isostatic adjustment, anthropogenic fluid withdrawal, and surface water drainage and management. Each process category is discussed in a uniform context designed to indentify comparable characteristics and the relative spatial and temporal scales in which they occur. Establishing the full range of influential subsidence processes and providing a means of comparison is a first key step in synthesizing a comprehensive understanding of subsidence in coastal Louisiana.
C1 [Yuill, Brendan; Reed, Denise J.] Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
   [Lavoie, Dawn] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Yuill, B (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Pontchartrain Inst Environm Sci, 2000 Lakeshore Dr, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
EM byuill@uno.edu
FU Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology Program [W912HZ-08-2-0001]
FX This paper reports research funded by the Louisiana Coastal Area Science
   and Technology Program Contract # W912HZ-08-2-0001. Clark Alexander,
   Mike Blum, Alvin Chan, Larry Gilbert, Stephen Gill, Richard Raynie, Dru
   Smith, and Torbjorn Tornqvist provided insightful review and comment on
   a previous draft of this manuscript. That draft included outcomes of
   discussions from a symposium held in January 2009 at the University of
   New Orleans. The attendees of the symposium are thanked for their very
   helpful contributions as well as Tim Dixon for his participation and
   counsel. This manuscript is also based on discussions that were an
   outcome from a workshop convened by the U.S. Geological Survey in New
   Orleans, June 2004. Bill Bryant, Larry Gilbert, Mark Zoback, Bill
   Nuttle, Mark Kulp, Woody Gagliano, Del Britsch, Bob Morton, Syed Khalil,
   and Jeff Williams are thanked for their contribution to the workshop as
   are all of the workshop attendees.
NR 80
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 6
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
EI 1551-5036
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD FAL
PY 2009
SI 54
BP 23
EP 36
DI 10.2112/SI54-012.1
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA V39ZD
UT WOS:000209448000005
ER

PT J
AU Flocks, J
   Kindinger, J
   Marot, M
   Holmes, C
AF Flocks, James
   Kindinger, Jack
   Marot, Marci
   Holmes, Charles
TI Sediment Characterization and Dynamics in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Pontchartrain Basin; circulation; bioturbation; pollution; environmental
   change; trace metals; stratigraphy
AB Lake Pontchartrain in southeastern Louisiana is the largest of several shallow estuaries that together cover over 15,000 km(2). Wetlands, forests, and large urban areas surround the lake. Primary transport mechanisms of sediments to Lake Pontchartrain include urban runoff, major diversions of the Mississippi River, discharge from streams along the north and west shores, and tidal circulation. Sediments deposited in Lake Pontchartrain are subjected to resuspension and mixing by natural and human activities. Bioturbation and water turbulence throughout the lake are the major mixing agents, and mechanical shell dredging has reworked much of the lake bottom over the last century. Sediment characterization through direct sampling and geophysical surveys indicates that these processes continually rework the top meter of sediment.
   The lake receives discharge from roadways and industrial and agricultural sources. Contaminants from these sources accumulate in the lake sediments and are an important contributor to the degradation of the estuary. Decline in populations of various benthic organisms, such as shrimp and clams, has been documented in the lake. To characterize the health of this important estuary, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the geology, geomorphology, coastal processes, and environmental condition of the Pontchartrain Basin from 1994 to 1997. This report presents an assessment of sediment distribution and quality using a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the influence of various physical and chemical parameters: nearsurface stratigraphy, major trace metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni), and short-lived radionuclides (Pb-210, Be-7, and Cs-137). The results are compared with water-circulation patterns to determine high-resolution sedimentation patterns in the lake. The data show a significant increase in trace metals in the top 1 m of lake sediments. Above this horizon, pollen analysis indicates a correlation with land clearing in the area, a proxy for increasing human development of the surrounding landscape and an increase in surface run-off. The data also show that the top meter of sediment undergoes frequent resuspension during high-energy circulation events and via circulation gyres in the lake. This regular turnover does not allow stratification of recently deposited sediments, restricting the sequestration of contaminated material that enters the lake.
C1 [Flocks, James; Kindinger, Jack; Marot, Marci; Holmes, Charles] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Flocks, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM jflocks@usgs.gov
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 7
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
EI 1551-5036
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD FAL
PY 2009
SI 54
BP 113
EP 126
DI 10.2112/SI54-011.1
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA V39ZD
UT WOS:000209448000012
ER

PT J
AU Chapin, FS
   McFarland, J
   McGuire, AD
   Euskirchen, ES
   Ruess, RW
   Kielland, K
AF Chapin, F. Stuart, III
   McFarland, Jack
   McGuire, A. David
   Euskirchen, Eugenie S.
   Ruess, Roger W.
   Kielland, Knut
TI The changing global carbon cycle: linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to
   global consequences
SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE carbon cycle; climate change; decomposition; heterotrophic respiration;
   mycorrhizas; net ecosystem production; net primary production; roots;
   soil carbon
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS;
   CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN-CYCLE; TEMPERATURE
   SENSITIVITY; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LITTER QUALITY
AB Most current climate-carbon cycle models that include the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle are based on a model developed 40 years ago by Woodwell & Whittaker (1968) and omit advances in biogeochemical understanding since that time. Their model treats net C emissions from ecosystems as the balance between net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (HR, i.e. primarily decomposition).
   Under conditions near steady state, geographic patterns of decomposition closely match those of NPP, and net C emissions are adequately described as a simple balance of NPP and HR (the Woodwell-Whittaker model). This close coupling between NPP and HR occurs largely because of tight coupling between C and N (nitrogen) cycles and because NPP constrains the food available to heterotrophs.
   Processes in addition to NPP and HR become important to understanding net C emissions from ecosystems under conditions of rapid changes in climate, hydrology, atmospheric CO(2), land cover, species composition and/or N deposition. Inclusion of these processes in climate-C cycle models would improve their capacity to simulate recent and future climatic change.
   Processes that appear critical to soil C dynamics but warrant further research before incorporation into ecosystem models include below-ground C flux and its partitioning among roots, mycorrhizas and exudates; microbial community effects on C sequestration; and the effects of temperature and labile C on decomposition. The controls over and consequences of these processes are still unclear at the ecosystem scale.
   Carbon fluxes in addition to NPP and HR exert strong influences over the climate system under conditions of rapid change. These fluxes include methane release, wildfire, and lateral transfers of food and fibre among ecosystems.
   Water and energy exchanges are important complements to C cycle feedbacks to the climate system, particularly under non-steady-state conditions. An integrated understanding of multiple ecosystem-climate feedbacks provides a strong foundation for policies to mitigate climate change.
   Synthesis. Current climate systems models that include only NPP and HR are inadequate under conditions of rapid change. Many of the recent advances in biogeochemical understanding are sufficiently mature to substantially improve representation of ecosystem C dynamics in these models.
C1 [Chapin, F. Stuart, III; McFarland, Jack; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Ruess, Roger W.; Kielland, Knut] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Chapin, FS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM terry.chapin@uaf.edu
OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910
FU Bonanza Creek LTER; NSF [DEB-0620579]; USDA Forest Service; Pacific
   Northwest Research Station [PNW06-JV-11261952-431]
FX We thank Kris Johnson, Mark Waldrop, Philip Wookey and an anonymous
   reviewer for constructive review of the manuscript. Research leading to
   this synthesis was supported in part by the Bonanza Creek LTER
   (Long-Term Ecological Research) program (funded jointly by NSF grant
   DEB-0620579 and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
   grant PNW06-JV-11261952-431).
NR 109
TC 107
Z9 117
U1 31
U2 269
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-0477
J9 J ECOL
JI J. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 97
IS 5
BP 840
EP 850
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01529.x
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 482YX
UT WOS:000268928200003
ER

PT J
AU Wildman, RA
   Domagalski, JL
   Hering, JG
AF Wildman, Richard A., Jr.
   Domagalski, Joseph L.
   Hering, Janet G.
TI Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Controls of River Subsurface Solutes under
   Agriculturally Enhanced Ground Water Flow
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID AQUIFER-WETLAND SYSTEM; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER;
   MASS-BALANCE; TRANSPORT; NITRATE; STREAM; PHOSPHORUS; FATE; CALIFORNIA
AB The relative influences of hydrologic processes and biogeochemistry on the transport and retention of minor solutes were compared in the riverbed of the lower Merced River (California, USA). The subsurface of this reach receives ground water discharge and surface water infiltration due to an altered hydraulic setting resulting from agricultural irrigation. Filtered ground water samples were collected from 30 drive point locations in March, June, and October 2004. Hydrologic processes, described previously, were verified by observations of bromine concentrations; manganese was used to indicate redox conditions. The separate responses of the minor solutes strontium, barium, uranium, and phosphorus to these influences were examined. Correlation and principal component analyses indicate that hydrologic processes dominate the distribution of trace elements in the ground water. Redox conditions appear to be independent of hydrologic processes and account for most of the remaining data variability. With some variability, major processes are consistent in two sampling transects separated by 100 m.
C1 [Wildman, Richard A., Jr.; Hering, Janet G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Domagalski, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Hering, JG (reprint author), Ueberlandstr 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
EM janet.hering@eawag.ch
FU U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA);
   Agricultural Chemicals Transport Study [EAR0408329]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Steven Phillips and Celia Zamora
   (USGS) for field assistance. Laboratory analysis would have been
   impossible without Nathan Dalleska, Megan Ferguson, Kate Campbell, and
   Giehyeon Lee (Caltech). Tapio Schneider and Drew Keppel (Caltech) gave
   advice at key points during statistical analysis. The manuscript was
   improved with the help of Claire Farnsworth (Caltech), Peter Reichert
   (Eawag), Laura Sigg (Eawag), and two anonymous reviewers. This work was
   partially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality
   Assessment (NAWQA) program Cycle II (ACT study); for more information on
   NAWQA and the Agricultural Chemicals Transport Study, see Capel et al.
   (2008) or http://in.water.usgs.gov/NAWQA_ACT NSF SGER grant EAR0408329
   funded sample analysis and part of Rich Wildman's graduate study. Use of
   trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply
   endorsement by the USGS.
NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2009
VL 38
IS 5
BP 1830
EP 1840
DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0448
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 492AX
UT WOS:000269627400006
PM 19643748
ER

PT J
AU Duris, JW
   Haack, SK
   Fogarty, LR
AF Duris, Joseph W.
   Haack, Sheridan K.
   Fogarty, Lisa R.
TI Gene and Antigen Markers of Shiga-toxin Producing E. coli from Michigan
   and Indiana River Water: Occurrence and Relation to Recreational Water
   Quality Criteria
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIRULENCE FACTORS; SENSITIVE METHOD;
   MULTIPLEX PCR; O157-H7; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; INDICATORS; OUTBREAK;
   EXPOSURE
AB The relation of bacterial pathogen occurrence to fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations used for recreational water quality criteria (RWQC) is poorly understood. This study determined the occurrence of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) markers and their relation to FIB concentrations in Michigan and Indiana river water. Using 67 fecal coliform (FC) bacteria cultures from 41 river sites in multiple watersheds, we evaluated the occurrence of five STEC markets: the Escherichia coli (EC) O157 antigen and gene, and the STEC virulence genes eaeA, stx1, and stx2. Simple isolations from selected FC cultures yielded viable EC O157. By both antigen and gene assays, EC O157 was detected in a greater proportion of samples exceeding rather than meeting FC RWQC (P < 0.05), but was unrelated to EC and enterococci RWQC. The occurrence of all other STEC markets was unrelated to any FIB RWQC. The eaeA, stx2, and stx1 genes were found in 93.3, 13.3, and in 46.7% of samples meeting FC RWQC and in 91.7, 0.0, and 37.5% of samples meeting the EC RWQC. Although not statistically significant, the percentage of samples positive for each STEC marker except stx1 was lower in samples that met, as opposed to exceeded, FIB RWQC. Viable STEC were common members of the FC communities in river water throughout southern Michigan and northern Indiana, regardless of FIB RWQC. Our study indicates chat further information on the occurrence of pathogens in recreational waters, and research on alternative indicators of their Occurrence, may help inform water-resource management and public health decision-making.
C1 [Duris, Joseph W.; Haack, Sheridan K.; Fogarty, Lisa R.] US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA.
RP Duris, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA.
EM jwduris@usgs.gov
OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109
FU National Wildlife Health Center in Madison; USGS Michigan Water Science
   Center
FX We would like to thank Brenda Berlowski of the National Wildlife Health
   Center in Madison, WI for graciously supplying E. coli O157:H7 DNA. We
   would also like to thank Steve Aichele from the USGS Michigan Water
   Science Center for his support of our work in Oakland County, as well as
   Cody Frasz, Nicole Franz, and Susie Crowley from the USGS Michigan Water
   Science Center and Jarnes L. Kiesler Jr. from the USGS Indiana Water
   Science Center for their help with field work and sampling. A portion of
   this work was done in cooperation with Oakland County, Michigan.
NR 56
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2009
VL 38
IS 5
BP 1878
EP 1886
DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0225
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 492AX
UT WOS:000269627400011
PM 19643753
ER

PT J
AU Tesoriero, AJ
   Duff, JH
   Wolock, DM
   Spahr, NE
   Almendinger, JE
AF Tesoriero, Anthony J.
   Duff, John H.
   Wolock, David M.
   Spahr, Norman E.
   Almendinger, James E.
TI Identifying Pathways and Processes Affecting Nitrate and Orthophosphate
   Inputs to Streams in Agricultural Watersheds
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; NITROGEN; TRANSPORT; LANDSCAPES;
   AQUIFERS; LINKING; FATE
AB Understanding nutrient pathways to streams will improve nutrient management strategies and estimates of the time lag between when changes in land use practices occur and when water quality effects that result from these changes are observed. Nitrate and orthophosphate (OP) concentrations in several environmental compartments were examined in watersheds having a range of base flow index (BFI) values across the continental United States to determine the dominant pathways for water and nutrient inputs to streams. Estimates of the proportion of stream nitrate that was derived from groundwater increased as BFI increased. Nitrate concentration gradients between groundwater and surface water further supported the groundwater source of nitrate in these high BFI streams. However, nitrate concentrations in stream-bed pore water in all settings were typically lower than stream or upland groundwater concentrations, suggesting that nitrate discharge to streams was not uniform through the bed. Rather, preferential pathways (e.g., springs, seeps) may allow high nitrate groundwater to bypass sites of high biogeochemical transformation. Rapid pathway compartments (e.g., overland flow, tile drains) had OP concentrations that were typically higher than in streams and were important OP conveyers in most of these watersheds. In contrast to nitrate, the proportion of stream OP that is derived from ground water did not systematically increase as BFI increased. While typically not the dominant source of OP, groundwater discharge was an important pathway of OP transport to streams when BFI Values were very high and when geochemical conditions favored OP mobility in groundwater.
C1 [Tesoriero, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   [Duff, John H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
   [Spahr, Norman E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Almendinger, James E.] Sci Museum Minnesota, St Croix Watershed Res Stn, Croix, MN 55047 USA.
RP Tesoriero, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
EM tesorier@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program
   (NAWQA); National Research Program (NRP)
FX This research was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water
   Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) and National Research Program (NRP).
   The authors thank Mark Munn, Erik Staub, Holly Weyers, Hank Johnson,
   Jill Frankforter, Kathy Lee, Ron Zelt, Joe Domagalski, Hedeff Essaid,
   and Nancy Baker of the USGS for consultation, assistance with site
   logistics, and field work. The Belwin Foundation and other private
   landowners are gratefully acknowledged for permitting us to access these
   stream sites from their property. We thank Frank Triska and Kathleen
   McCarthy (both of USGS) for reviewing a previous version of this
   manuscript. Three anonymous journal reviewers and the associate editor
   are gratefully acknowledged for their thoughtful comments and the
   handling of this manuscript.
NR 35
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
EI 1537-2537
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2009
VL 38
IS 5
BP 1892
EP 1900
DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0484
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 492AX
UT WOS:000269627400013
PM 19643755
ER

PT J
AU Keeley, JE
   Safford, H
   Fotheringham, CJ
   Franklin, J
   Moritz, M
AF Keeley, Jon E.
   Safford, Hugh
   Fotheringham, C. J.
   Franklin, Janet
   Moritz, Max
TI The 2007 Southern California Wildfires: Lessons in Complexity
SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE fuel-driven fires; southern California; terrain-driven fires;
   wind-driven fires; urban fuels; wildland-urban interface
ID HIGH-INTENSITY FIRE; SHRUBLANDS; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; AGE
AB The 2007 wildfire season in southern California burned over 1,000,000 ac (similar to 400,000 ha) and included several megafires. We use the 2007 fires as a case study to draw three major lessons about wildfires and wildfire complexity in southern California. First, the great majority of large fires in southern California occur in the autumn under the influence of Santa Ana windstorms. These fires also cost the most to contain and cause the most damage to life and property, and the October 2007 fires were no exception because thousands of homes were lost and seven people were killed. Being pushed by wind gusts over 100 kph, young fuels presented little barrier to their spread as the 2007 fires reburned considerable portions of the area burned in the historic 2003 fire season. Adding to the size of these fires was the historic 2006-2007 drought that contributed to high dead fuel loads and long distance spotting. As in 2003, young chaparral stands and fuel treatments were not reliable barriers to fire in October 2007. Second, the Zaca Fire in July and August 2007 showed that other factors besides high winds can sometimes combine to create conditions for large fires in southern California. Spring and summer fires in southern California chaparral are usually easily contained because of higher fuel moisture and the general lack of high winds. However, the Zaca Fire burned in a remote wilderness area of rugged terrain that made access difficult. In addition, because of its remoteness, anthropogenic ignitions have been low and stand age and fuel loads were high. Coupled with this was severe drought that year that generated fuel moisture levels considerably below normal for early summer. A third lesson comes from 2007 conifer forest fires in the southern California mountains. In contrast to lower elevation chaparral, fire suppression has led to major increases in conifer forest fuels that can lead to unnaturally severe fires when ignitions escape control. The Slide and Grass Valley Fires of October 2007 occurred in forests that had been subject to extensive fuel treatment, but fire control was complicated by a patchwork of untreated private properties and mountain homes built of highly flammable materials. in a fashion reminiscent of other recent destructive conifer fires in California, burning homes themselves were a major source of fire spread. These lessons suggest that the most important advances in fire safety in this region are to come from advances in fire prevention, fire preparedness, and land-use planning that includes fire hazard patterns.
C1 [Keeley, Jon E.; Fotheringham, C. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 92371 USA.
   [Safford, Hugh] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA.
   [Fotheringham, C. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Franklin, Janet] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
   [Moritz, Max] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Natl Pk,47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 92371 USA.
EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov; hughsafford@fs.fed.us; fire_ecology@verizon.net;
   janet@sciences.sdsu.edu; mmoritz@nature.berkeley.edu
NR 40
TC 68
Z9 72
U1 3
U2 45
PU SOC AMER FORESTERS
PI BETHESDA
PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-1201
J9 J FOREST
JI J. For.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 107
IS 6
BP 287
EP 296
PG 10
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 495MB
UT WOS:000269895900003
ER

PT J
AU Wanner, GA
   Klumb, RA
AF Wanner, Greg A.
   Klumb, Robert A.
TI Length-Weight Relationships for Three Asian Carp Species in the Missouri
   River
SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BIGHEAD CARP; GRASS CARP; SILVER CARP; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ILLINOIS
   RIVER; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH
AB Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), collectively referred to as Asian carp, are invasive species that have been introduced into the Mississippi River basin. The expansion of Asian carp into the Missouri River is not well understood and knowledge of population characteristics within this river are lacking. The objectives of this study were to describe the length-weight relationships (condition) of Asian carp from 2003 to 2007 in the Missouri River downstream of Gavins Point Dam, South Dakota and Nebraska to St. Louis, Missouri. All total, 388 bighead, 75 silver, and 111 grass carp were measured and weighed. Short bighead carp weighed significantly less in the upper Missouri River from Gavins Point Dam to the Platte River compared to fish of the lower Missouri River from the Grand River to the Mississippi River. Conversely, long bighead carp in the upper Missouri River attained greater weights than fish of similar length downstream. Though not significant, condition similarly varied between the upper and lower Missouri River for silver carp and grass carp.
C1 [Wanner, Greg A.; Klumb, Robert A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Pierre, SD 57501 USA.
RP Wanner, GA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Great Plains Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 420 S Garfield Ave,Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501 USA.
EM Greg_Wanner@fws.gov
NR 29
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 30
PU OIKOS PUBL INC
PI LA CROSSE
PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA
SN 0270-5060
J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL
JI J. Freshw. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 3
BP 489
EP 495
DI 10.1080/02705060.2009.9664322
PG 7
WC Ecology; Limnology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 493XV
UT WOS:000269773700017
ER

PT J
AU Penaranda, MMD
   Purcel, MK
   Kurath, G
AF Penaranda, Ma Michelle D.
   Purcel, Maureen K.
   Kurath, Gael
TI Differential virulence mechanisms of infectious hematopoietic necrosis
   virus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) include host entry and
   virus replication kinetics
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID IN-VITRO; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; DNA VACCINATION;
   GENE-EXPRESSION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MESSENGER-RNA; MX PROTEIN; INDUCTION;
   REVEALS
AB Host specificity is a phenomenon exhibited by all viruses. For the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), differential specificity of virus strains from the U and M genogroups has been established both in the field and in experimental challenges. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), M IHNV strains are consistently more prevalent and more virulent than U IHNV. The basis of the differential ability of these two IHNV genogroups to cause disease in rainbow trout was investigated in live infection challenges with representative U and M IHNV strains. When IHNV was delivered by intraperitoneal injection, the mortality caused by U IHNV increased, indicating that the low virulence of U IHNV is partly due to inefficiency in entering the trout host. Analyses of in vivo replication showed that U IHNV consistently had lower prevalence and lower viral load than M IHNV during the course of infection. In analyses of the host immune response, M IHNV-infected fish consistently had higher and longer expression of innate immune-related genes such as Mx-1. This suggests that the higher virulence of M IHNV is not due to suppression of the immune response in rainbow trout. Taken together, the results support a kinetics hypothesis wherein faster replication enables M IHNV to rapidly achieve a threshold level of virus necessary to override the strong host innate immune response.
C1 [Penaranda, Ma Michelle D.; Kurath, Gael] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Interdisciplinary Grad Program Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Penaranda, Ma Michelle D.; Purcel, Maureen K.; Kurath, Gael] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Kurath, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Interdisciplinary Grad Program Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM gkurath@usgs.gov
OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433
FU Fulbright-Philippine Agriculture Scholarship Program (FPASP); USGS
FX The authors thank Dr Scott LaPatra of Clear Springs Food for the
   generous contribution of research-grade rainbow trout. M. M. D. P. was
   supported by the Fulbright-Philippine Agriculture Scholarship Program
   (FPASP). This project was funded by the USGS Western Fisheries Research
   Center and the USGS Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research
   Unit at the University of Washington, USA. Mention of trade names does
   not imply US Government endorsement.
NR 47
TC 46
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 6
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG,
   BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1317
J9 J GEN VIROL
JI J. Gen. Virol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 90
BP 2172
EP 2182
DI 10.1099/vir.0.012286-0
PG 11
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
GA 492RG
UT WOS:000269676300014
PM 19474249
ER

PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
   Jude, DJ
   Rediske, RR
   O'Keefe, JP
   Noguchi, GE
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
   Jude, David J.
   Rediske, Richard R.
   O'Keefe, James P.
   Noguchi, George E.
TI Gender difference in walleye PCB concentrations persists following
   remedial dredging
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Area of concern; Bioaccumulation; "hot spot" effect; Polychlorinated
   bipheryls (PCBs); Walleye
ID SEXUAL DIFFERENCE; BIOENERGETICS; RIVER; MODEL; FISH; LAKE; SITE; DDT;
   BAY
AB Eleven male walleyes (Sander vitreus) and 10 female walleyes from the Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) population were caught during the spawning run at Dow Dam (Midland, Michigan) in the Tittabawassee River during April 1996, and individual whole-fish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) determinations were made. Total PCB concentrations averaged 7.95 and 3.17 mg/kg for males and females, respectively. As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment remediation process, contaminated sediments from the Saginaw River, the main tributary to Saginaw Bay, were removed during 2000 and 2001. Total PCB concentrations of 10 male and 10 female walleyes caught at Dow Dam during April 2007 averaged 1.58 and 0.55 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, dredging of the Saginaw River appeared to be effective in reducing PCB concentrations of Saginaw Bay adult walleyes, as both males and females decreased in PCB concentration by more than 80% between 1996 and 2007. However, the ratio of male PCB concentration to female PCB concentration did not decline between 1996 and 2007. This persistent gender difference in PCB concentrations was apparently due to a gender difference in habitat utilization coupled with a persistent spatial gradient in prey fish PCB concentrations from the Saginaw River to Lake Huron. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
   [Jude, David J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Rediske, Richard R.; O'Keefe, James P.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
   [Noguchi, George E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 3
BP 347
EP 352
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.05.003
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 494VA
UT WOS:000269845700004
ER

PT J
AU Dawson, HA
   Jones, ML
AF Dawson, Heather A.
   Jones, Michael L.
TI Factors affecting recruitment dynamics of Great Lakes sea lamprey
   (Petromyzon marinus) populations
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Stock-recruitment; Population dynamics; Sea lamprey; Recruitment
   variation
ID PHEROMONE COMMUNICATION; LARVAL LAMPREYS; SURVIVAL RATES; GROWTH;
   MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; STREAMS; COVARIATION; BARRIERS
AB Knowledge of stock-recruitment dynamics is as important for control of pest species such as the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) as it is for sustainable harvest management of exploited fish species. A better understanding of spatial and temporal variation in recruitment of pest populations may inform managers on where and when to effectively apply different control methods. Sea lamprey stock-recruitment data combined from streams across the Great Lakes basin into a Ricker stock-recruitment model indicated both compensation (density-dependent survival) and a large amount of density-independent recruitment variation. We evaluated the use of a mixed-effects model to look at common year effects and stream-level variables that could affect productivity and growing season length, with the objective of identifying factors that may explain this density-independent variation in recruitment. After selecting the "best model", we tested factors that might affect recruitment variation, using a Great Lakes dataset comprising 97 stream-years. Lake Superior tributaries, streams with larger numbers of lamprey competitors, and streams regularly requiring lampricide treatment showed significantly higher recruitment. Alkalinity and thermal regulation did not affect the observed recruitment pattern among streams. In four long-term study streams we observed significant variation among streams, tested as a fixed effect, but no evidence suggested a common pattern of variation among years. Differences in recruitment among streams were consistent with evidence of quality of spawning and larval habitat among streams. Our findings suggest that management models should account for differences in recruitment dynamics among sea lamprey-producing streams, but not common year effects. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Dawson, Heather A.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Dawson, HA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA.
EM Heather_Dawson@fws.gov; jonesm30@anr.msu.edu
NR 45
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 3
BP 353
EP 360
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.03.003
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 494VA
UT WOS:000269845700005
ER

PT J
AU Custer, TW
   Kannan, K
   Tao, L
   Saxena, AR
   Route, B
AF Custer, Thomas W.
   Kannan, Kuruthachalam
   Tao, Lin
   Saxena, Abhinav R.
   Route, Bill
TI Perfluorinated compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in great
   blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Perfluorooctane sulfonate; Great blue heron; Eggs; Perfluorinated
   compounds; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; HERRING GULL EGGS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE;
   CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NORTHERN BOBWHITE; FLAME
   RETARDANTS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; WATER BIRDS; FLUOROCHEMICALS
AB In 2007 archived great blue heron (Ardea herodias) eggs collected from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, IN, (Indiana Dunes) in 1993 were analyzed for 11 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and 7 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate, the major contributor to total PFC concentrations, were below the toxicity thresholds estimated for bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and mallards (Anus platyrhynchos), but within the toxicity threshold estimated for white leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus). The ranking of PBDE congener concentrations by percent concentration (PBDE-47>-99>-100>153>-154>-28>-183) was consistent with the Penta-PBDE formulation. Total PBDE concentrations in great blue heron eggs from Indiana Dunes were elevated and probably reflect local contamination from highly urbanized and industrialized inputs into Lake Michigan. Polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations were within levels associated with altered reproductive behavior in other avian species and based on trends in other Great Lakes birds are probably higher today. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Custer, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
   [Kannan, Kuruthachalam; Tao, Lin; Saxena, Abhinav R.] SUNY Albany, Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA.
   [Kannan, Kuruthachalam; Tao, Lin; Saxena, Abhinav R.] SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA.
   [Saxena, Abhinav R.] Guilderland High Sch, Guilderland, NY 12009 USA.
   [Route, Bill] Great Lakes Inventory & Monitoring Network, Natl Pk Serv, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
EM tcuster@usgs.gov
OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519
NR 32
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 3
BP 401
EP 405
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.02.003
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 494VA
UT WOS:000269845700010
ER

PT J
AU O'Brien, TP
   Roseman, EF
   Kiley, CS
   Schaeffer, JS
AF O'Brien, Timothy P.
   Roseman, Edward F.
   Kiley, Courtney S.
   Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.
TI Fall diet and bathymetric distribution of deepwater sculpin
   (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) in Lake Huron
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Deepwater sculpin; Spatial distribution; Diet; Diporeia; Lake Huron;
   Benthic food web
ID WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; MYSIS-RELICTA; GREAT-LAKES;
   DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; ENERGY DENSITY; LIFE-HISTORY;
   MICHIGAN; FOOD; COMMUNITY
AB Deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii are an important component of Great Lake's offshore benthic food webs. Recent declines in deepwater sculpin abundance and changes in bathymetric distribution may be associated with changes in the deepwater food web of Lake Huron, particularly, decreased abundance of benthic invertebrates such as Diporeia. To assess how deepwater sculpins have responded to recent changes, we examined a fifteen-year time series of spatial and temporal patterns in abundance as well as the diets of fish collected in bottom trawls during fall of 2003, 2004, and 2005. During 1992-2007, deepwater sculpin abundance declined on a lake-wide scale but the decline in abundance at shallower depths and in the southern portion of Lake Huron was more pronounced. Of the 534 fish examined for diet analysis, 97% had food in the stomach. Mysis, Diporeia, and Chironomidae were consumed frequently, while sphaerid clams, ostracods, fish eggs, and small fish were found in only low numbers. We found an inverse relationship between prevalence of Mysis and Diporeia in diets that reflected geographic and temporal trends in abundance of these invertebrates in Lake Huron. Because deepwater sculpins are an important trophic link in offshore benthic food webs, declines in population abundance and changes in distribution may cascade throughout the food web and impede fish community restoration goals. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [O'Brien, Timothy P.; Roseman, Edward F.; Kiley, Courtney S.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP O'Brien, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM tiobrien@usgs.gov; eroseman@usgs.gov; jschaeffer@usgs.gov
OI Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838
NR 61
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 3
BP 464
EP 472
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2009.05.006
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 494VA
UT WOS:000269845700017
ER

PT J
AU Germano, DJ
   Bury, RB
AF Germano, David J.
   Bury, R. Bruce
TI Variation in Body Size, Growth, and Population Structure of Actinemys
   marmorata from Lentic and Lotic Habitats in Southern Oregon
SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TURTLES CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; CLEMMYS-MARMORATA; FEEDING ECOLOGY;
   TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; SCRIPTA; REPRODUCTION; NEBRASKA; RIVER; LAKES
AB Turtle body size and growth rates are affected by several environmental factors, including thermal regimes. Small lentic habitats in northern latitudes often are thermally stratified in summer and, overall, provide a warmer environment than lotic habitats, which usually lack stratification because of flowing current. Several studies indicate that the amount of food consumption and rate of growth of turtles are higher, and body size larger, in warmer environments than cooler habitats. However, few sites have been examined. To better test these patterns, we compared the growth, body size, and population structure of the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) from six small lentic and four lotic habitats in southern Oregon. We found that adult size and growth rates were the same for the four lotic habitats and variable but not consistently greater at lentic sites. There were a high proportion of large turtles at all lotic sites but a variable proportion of sizes among lentic sites. Age structures did not match size structures for most populations because we found many young turtles in these populations but few small-sized turtles. Thus, we caution against reliance on size alone as a measure of population structure or trends in turtle populations. Further, our study suggests that sampling at a relatively large number of sites (e.g., >= 3 of each habitat type) improves inference of results.
C1 [Germano, David J.] Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA.
   [Bury, R. Bruce] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Germano, DJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA.
EM dgermano@csub.edu; buryb@usgs.gov
FU Bureau of Land Management-Roseburg District; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
   Service (Oregon Field Office); U.S. Geological Survey
FX We thank L. Gangle, D. and R. Germano, G. Bury, C. Henson, C. Thomas,
   and C. Barclay for assistance capturing turtles. T. Farrell and S. Wray,
   Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), provided logistic support
   and field assistance. Portions of the fieldwork were supported by the
   Bureau of Land Management-Roseburg District, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
   Service (Oregon Field Office), and the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank
   J. Rowe for offer extensive suggestions that improved the manuscript.
   Field methods were approved by the Animal Care Committee through Oregon
   State University, and research was conducted with a scientific take
   permit from Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.
NR 49
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 17
PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES
PI ST LOUIS
PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST
   LOUIS, MO 63103 USA
SN 0022-1511
J9 J HERPETOL
JI J. Herpetol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 3
BP 510
EP 520
PG 11
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 501WN
UT WOS:000270414400016
ER

PT J
AU Rinehart, KA
   Donovan, TM
   Mitchell, BR
   Long, RA
AF Rinehart, Kurt A.
   Donovan, Therese M.
   Mitchell, Brian R.
   Long, Robert A.
TI Factors Influencing Occupancy Patterns of Eastern Newts across Vermont
SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; NOTOPHTHALMUS-VIRIDESCENS; LANDSCAPE
   COMPOSITION; HARDWOOD FORESTS; SALAMANDERS; TERRESTRIAL; HABITAT;
   ABUNDANCE; ROADS; FRAGMENTATION
AB Of the threats facing amphibian populations today, habitat transformation resulting from land use is among the most pressing. Although conservation of pond-breeding salamanders clearly requires protection of breeding ponds and their surrounding habitat, little is known about the effects of land use and other factors on the occurrence of salamanders in the dispersal/terrestrial phase of their life cycle. To determine these effects, we surveyed populations of Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) at 551 stations across Vermont and modeled salamander distribution as a function of environmental variables hypothesized to influence site occupancy. We developed a set of 12 models based on seven a priori hypotheses of site occupancy. We hypothesized that occupancy was influenced by (1) amounts of available habitat types, (2) arrangement of these habitat types, (3) geographic position, (4) housing density, (5) road density, (6) short-term changes in habitat distribution, or (7) habitat structure at the stand level. We used a single-season occupancy model to rank and compare the 12 models. A total of 232 Eastern Newts was detected at 82 of 551 stations. Of the 12 models, amount of habitat within 0.5 km of the survey station best represented the field data. Strong effects were indicated for developed land (-), open water (+), and forest (+) cover. Given a survey station with average forest and open water characteristics, stations with >5% developed land classes within a 0.5-km buffer had a very low probability of occupancy. Further research is needed to determine the direct role of development on occupancy patterns.
C1 [Rinehart, Kurt A.; Donovan, Therese M.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
RP Rinehart, KA (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
EM kurt.rinehart@uvm.edu; tdonovan@uvm.edu; brian_r_mitchell@nps.gov;
   robert.long@coe.montana.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey; University of Vermont; Vermont Department of
   Fish and Wildlife
FX We thank L. Bailey and J. Andrews for their constructive comments on
   earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank our field assistants
   and technicians who helped with many aspects of data collection. Use of
   trade names in this article does not imply endorsement by the federal
   government. The Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is
   jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of
   Vermont, and the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife.
NR 52
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 16
PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES
PI ST LOUIS
PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST
   LOUIS, MO 63103 USA
SN 0022-1511
J9 J HERPETOL
JI J. Herpetol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 3
BP 521
EP 531
PG 11
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 501WN
UT WOS:000270414400017
ER

PT J
AU Hallett, SL
   Lorz, HV
   Atkinson, SD
   Rasmussen, C
   Xue, L
   Bartholomew, JL
AF Hallett, Sascha L.
   Lorz, Harriet V.
   Atkinson, Stephen D.
   Rasmussen, Charlotte
   Xue, Lan
   Bartholomew, Jerri L.
TI Propagation of the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis by different
   geographic and genetic populations of Tubifex tubifex: An Oregon
   perspective
SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Myxobolus cerebralis; Myxozoan parasite; Tubifex tubifex; Oligochaete;
   Salmonid; Susceptibility; Exposure experiments; Mt lineage; RAPD
   genotype; Risk assessment
ID WHIRLING DISEASE; TRIACTINOMYXON PRODUCTION; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS;
   DESCHUTES RIVER; WILD TROUT; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIOLOGY;
   OLIGOCHAETA; TUBIFICIDAE
AB Tubifex tubifex are obligate invertebrate hosts in the life cycle of Myxobolus cerebralis, the myxozoan parasite that causes whirling disease in salmonid fishes. This exotic parasite is established to varying degrees across Oregon's Columbia River system (Pacific Northwest, USA) and characteristics of local T. tubifex populations likely play a role in the pattern of disease occurrence. To better understand these patterns, we collected T. tubifex from three Oregon river basins (Willamette, Deschutes, and Grande Ronde), determined their genotype (mitochondrial 16S rDNA lineage and RAPD genotype) and exposed 10 different populations to M. cerebralis in the laboratory. Four mt lineages were identified: I, III, V and VI. Lineage III was found in all river basins but dominated both central and eastern sites. The RAPD assay further divided these lineages into geographic sub-populations; no RAPID genotype was common to all basins. There was a significant difference in prevalence of infection and level of parasite production among the populations we exposed to M. cerebralis that was attributed to genotypic composition. Only lineage III worms released actinospores and only populations dominated by this lineage amplified the parasite. These populations had the lowest Survival, however, the lineage dominant before exposure remained dominant despite the high prevalence of infection. The distribution and infection dynamics of susceptible T. tubifex throughout Oregon may contribute to the differences in M. cerebralis Occurrence: our studies further Support the influence of oligochaete genotypes on the manifestation of whirling disease in salmonid populations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hallett, Sascha L.; Lorz, Harriet V.; Atkinson, Stephen D.; Bartholomew, Jerri L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Xue, Lan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Rasmussen, Charlotte] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Bartholomew, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM bartholj@science.oregonstate.edu
FU National Partnership for the Management of Wild and Coldwater Species;
   Whirling Disease Initiative; Portland General Electric
FX We are grateful to the following people for their assistance with the
   collection of field samples: Donald Stevens (OSU), Tony Amandi (Oregon
   Department of Fish and Wildlife, ODFW), Bill Knox (ODFW), ODFW Wizard
   Falls Hatchery staff, ODFW Wallowa Hatchery staff, PGE (Madras),
   Jennifer Hobbs (property owner), Steve Wolfe (property owner), Gayle
   Baker (property owner). At OSU, jenny Dubanoski, Kyle Thames, Genny
   Cobarrubias, Crystal Hackman and Jaime Heppinger assisted with DNA
   extractions, PCRs or QPCRs. We thank Billie Kerans (Montana State
   University) for DNA samples of reference oligochaetes and constructive
   discussions. Paul Reno reviewed the Deschutes' experiment data. This
   work was supported in part by the National Partnership for the
   Management of Wild and Coldwater Species, Whirling Disease Initiative.
   The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for
   the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not
   constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States
   Department of Interior or the United States Geologic Survey of any
   product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
   Portions of the study were also Supported with funding from Portland
   General Electric.
NR 38
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 11
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2011
EI 1096-0805
J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL
JI J. Invertebr. Pathol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 102
IS 1
BP 57
EP 68
DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.001
PG 12
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 486VK
UT WOS:000269228100010
PM 19583968
ER

PT J
AU Putirka, KD
   Kuntz, MA
   Unruh, DM
   Vaid, N
AF Putirka, Keith D.
   Kuntz, Mel A.
   Unruh, Daniel M.
   Vaid, Nitin
TI Magma Evolution and Ascent at the Craters of the Moon and Neighboring
   Volcanic Fields, Southern Idaho, USA: Implications for the Evolution of
   Polygenetic and Monogenetic Volcanic Fields
SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Craters of the Moon; Snake River Plain; geothermometry; geobarometry;
   geochemistry; assimilation; crustal contamination; feldspar;
   clinopyroxene; mineral chemistry
ID SNAKE-RIVER-PLAIN; ENERGY-CONSTRAINED ASSIMILATION; PLUS LIQUID
   EQUILIBRIA; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; FRACTIONAL
   CRYSTALLIZATION; MELT INCLUSIONS; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; BASALTIC
   MAGMAS; ORTHO-PYROXENE
AB The evolution of polygenetic and monogenetic volcanic fields must reflect differences in magma processing during ascent. To assess their evolution we use thermobarometry and geochemistry to evaluate ascent paths for neighboring, nearly coeval volcanic fields in the Snake River Plain, in south-central Idaho, derived from (1) dominantly Holocene polygenetic evolved lavas from the Craters of the Moon lava field (COME) and (2) Quaternary non-evolved, olivine tholeiites (NEOT) from nearby monogenetic volcanic fields. These data show that NEOT have high magmatic temperatures (1205 +/- 27 degrees C) and a narrow temperature range (< 25 degrees C) at any given depth; NEOT parent magmas partially crystallize within the middle crust (14-17 km), but with little time for cooling or assimilation. In contrast, COME magmas partially crystallize at similar depths, but at any given depth exhibit lower temperatures (by similar to 40 degrees C), and wider temperature ranges (> 50 degrees C). Prolonged storage of COME magmas allows them to evolve to higher Sr-87/Sr-86 and SiO2, and lower MgO and Nd-143/Nd-144. Most importantly, ascent paths control evolution: NEOT often erupt near the axis of the plain where high-flux (Yellowstone-related), pre-Holocene magmatic activity replaces granitic middle crust with basaltic sills, resulting in a net increase in NEOT magma buoyancy. COME flows erupt off-axis, where felsic crustal lithologies sometimes remain intact, providing a barrier to ascent and a source for crustal contamination. A three-stage ascent process explains the entire range of erupted compositions. Stage 1 (40-20 km): picrites are transported to the middle crust, undergoing partial crystallization of olivine +/- clinopyroxene. COME magmas pass through unarmored conduits and assimilate 1% or less of ancient gabbroic crust having high Sr and Sr-87/Sr-86 and low SiO2. Stage 2 (20-10 km): magmas are stored within the middle crust, and evolve to moderate MgO (10%). NEOT magmas, reaching 10% MgO, are positively buoyant and migrate through the middle crust. COME magmas remain negatively buoyant and so crystallize further and assimilate middle crust. Stage 3 (15-0 km): final ascent and eruption occurs when volatile contents, increased by differentiation, are sufficient (1-2 wt % H2O) to provide magma buoyancy through the middle (and upper) crust.
C1 [Putirka, Keith D.; Vaid, Nitin] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Fresno, CA 93740 USA.
   [Kuntz, Mel A.; Unruh, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Putirka, KD (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 2576 E San Ramon Ave,MS-ST25, Fresno, CA 93740 USA.
EM kputirka@csufresno.edu
NR 95
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 14
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3530
EI 1460-2415
J9 J PETROL
JI J. Petrol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 50
IS 9
BP 1639
EP 1665
DI 10.1093/petrology/egp045
PG 27
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 491WH
UT WOS:000269612100002
ER

PT J
AU Ellis, DH
   Craig, T
   Craig, E
   Postupalsky, S
   La Rue, CT
   Nelson, RW
   Anderson, DW
   Henny, CJ
   Watson, J
   Millsap, BA
   Dawson, JW
   Cole, KL
   Martin EM
   Margalida, A
   Kung, P
AF Ellis, David H.
   Craig, Tim
   Craig, Erica
   Postupalsky, Sergei
   La Rue, Charles T.
   Nelson, R. Wayne
   Anderson, Daniel W.
   Henny, Charles J.
   Watson, Jeff
   Millsap, Brian A.
   Dawson, James W.
   Cole, Kenneth L.
   Martin, Elwood M.
   Margalida, Antoni
   Kung, Peter
TI UNUSUAL RAPTOR NESTS AROUND THE WORLD
SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE buzzard; eagle, falcon; hawk; nest; nest materials; owl; raven
ID SINGLE OBSERVATIONS; EAGLE NESTS; FALCONS; CONSERVATION
AB From surveys in many countries, we report using unusual nesting materials (e.g., paper money, rags, metal, antlers, and large bones) and unusual nesting situations. For example, we documented nests of Steppe Eagles [Aquila nipalensis] and Upland Buzzards [Buteo hemilasius] on the ground beside well-traveled roads, Saker Falcon [Falco cherrug] eyries in attics and a cistern, and Osprey [Pandian haliaetus] nests on the masts of boats and on a suspended automobile. Other records include a Golden Eagle [A. chrysaelos] nest 7.0 m in height, believed to be the tallest nest ever described, and, for the same species, we report nesting in rudimentary, nests. Some nest sites are within a Few meters of known predators or competitors. These unusual observations may be important in revealing the plasticity of a species' behavioral repertoire.
C1 [Ellis, David H.] Inst Raptor Studies, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA.
   [Craig, Tim; Craig, Erica] Bur Land Management, Cent Yukon Field Off, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
   [Anderson, Daniel W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Henny, Charles J.] Forest & Rangeland Ecosys Sci Ctr, US Geolog Survey, Carvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Watson, Jeff] Scottish Nat Heritage, Dingwall IV7 8LP, Ross Shire, Scotland.
   [Millsap, Brian A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87012 USA.
   [Dawson, James W.] Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ 85743 USA.
   [Cole, Kenneth L.] No Arizona Univ, SW Biolog Res Ctr, US Geolog Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
   [Margalida, Antoni] Bearded Vulture Study and Protect Grp, E-25520 El Pont De Suert, Lleida, Spain.
   [Kung, Peter] Earth Matters, Logan, UT 84321 USA.
RP Ellis, DH (reprint author), Inst Raptor Studies, 3722 Defiance St, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA.
EM dcellis@theriver.com
RI Margalida, Antoni/A-2723-2011; Mavoa, Suzanne/B-5372-2010; 
OI Margalida, Antoni/0000-0002-7383-671X; Margalida,
   Antoni/0000-0002-3904-6212
NR 49
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 15
PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC
PI HASTINGS
PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA
SN 0892-1016
J9 J RAPTOR RES
JI J. Raptor Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 3
BP 175
EP 198
DI 10.3356/JRR-08-110.1
PG 24
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 497XU
UT WOS:000270099200001
ER

PT J
AU Dorazio, RM
AF Dorazio, Robert M.
TI On selecting a prior for the precision parameter of Dirichlet process
   mixture models
SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian nonparametrics; Dirichlet process; Empirical Bayes; Mixture
   models; Model uncertainty; Objective prior
ID SEMIPARAMETRIC BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; NONPARAMETRIC PROBLEMS
AB In hierarchical mixture models the Dirichlet process is used to specify latent patterns of heterogeneity, particularly when the distribution of latent parameters is thought to be clustered (multi modal). The parameters of a Dirichlet process include a precision parameter alpha and a base probability measure G(0). In problems where alpha is unknown and must be estimated, inferences about the level of clustering can be sensitive to the choice of prior assumed for alpha. In this paper an approach is developed for computing a prior for the precision parameter alpha that can be used in the presence or absence of prior information about the level of clustering. This approach is illustrated in an analysis of counts of stream fishes. The results of this fully Bayesian analysis are compared with an empirical Bayes analysis of the same data and with a Bayesian analysis based on an alternative commonly used prior. Published by Elsevier B.V
C1 [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Dorazio, Robert M.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA.
RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM bdorazio@usgs.gov
NR 25
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3758
J9 J STAT PLAN INFER
JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer.
PD SEP 1
PY 2009
VL 139
IS 9
BP 3384
EP 3390
DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2009.03.009
PG 7
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 470EE
UT WOS:000267956600044
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, BG
   Bradway, D
   Walsh, T
   Sanders, GE
   Snekvik, K
AF Murphy, Brian G.
   Bradway, Daniel
   Walsh, Timothy
   Sanders, George E.
   Snekvik, Kevin
TI Gastric cryptosporidiosis in freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare)
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Angelfish; Cryptosporidium; cryptosporidiosis; fish; protozoa;
   Pterophyllum scalare
ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; SPARUS-AURATA; MOLNARI; TAXONOMY
AB A freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) hatchery experienced variable levels of emaciation, poor growth rates, swollen coelomic cavities, anorexia, listlessness, and increased mortality within their fish. Multiple chemotherapeutic trials had been attempted without success. In affected fish, large numbers of protozoa were identified both histologically and ultrastructurally associated with the gastric mucosa. The youngest cohort of parasitized fish was the most severely affected and demonstrated the greatest morbidity and mortality. The protozoa were morphologically most consistent with Cryptosporidium. All of the protozoan life stages were identified ultrastructurally and protozoal genomic DNA was isolated from parasitized tissue viscera and sequenced. Histological, ultrastructural, genetic, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed this protozoal organism to be a novel species of Cryptosporidium.
C1 [Murphy, Brian G.; Snekvik, Kevin] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   [Bradway, Daniel; Snekvik, Kevin] Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   [Walsh, Timothy] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC USA.
   [Sanders, George E.] Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Sanders, George E.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Murphy, BG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, 4206 Vet Med 3A,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM bmurphy@ucdavis.edu
NR 18
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI TURLOCK
PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 5
BP 722
EP 727
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 496IH
UT WOS:000269963400023
PM 19737774
ER

PT J
AU Tredick, CA
   Vaughan, MR
AF Tredick, Catherine A.
   Vaughan, Michael R.
TI DNA-Based Population Demographics of Black Bears in Coastal North
   Carolina and Virginia
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE American black bear; density estimates; mark-recapture; National
   Wildlife Refuges; noninvasive genetic sampling; population estimates;
   sex ratios; Ursus americanus
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; GRIZZLY BEARS; URSUS-ARCTOS; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS;
   BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DENSITY; SIZE; MARK; CANADA; HAIR
AB Noninvasive genetic sampling has become a popular method for obtaining population parameter estimates for black (Ursus americanus) and brown (U. arctos) bears. These estimates allow wildlife managers to develop appropriate management strategies for populations of concern. Black bear populations at Great Dismal Swamp (GDSNWR), Pocosin Lakes (PLNWR), and Alligator River (ARNWR) National Wildlife Refuges in coastal Virginia and North Carolina, USA, were perceived by refuge biologists to be at or above cultural and perhaps biological carrying capacity, but managers had no reliable abundance estimates upon which to base population management. We derived density estimates from 3,150 hair samples collected noninvasively at each of the 3 refuges, using 6-7 microsatellite markers to obtain multilocus genotypes for individual bears. We used Program MARK to calculate population estimates from capture histories at each refuge. We estimated densities using both traditional buffer strip methods and Program DENSITY. Estimated densities were some of the highest reported in the literature and ranged from 0.46 bears/km(2) at GDSNWR to 1.30 bears/km(2) at PLNWR. Sex ratios were male-biased at all refuges. Our estimates can be directly utilized by biologists to develop effective strategies for managing and maintaining bears at these refuges, and noninvasive methods may also be effective for monitoring bear populations over the long term. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1031-1039; 2009)
C1 [Tredick, Catherine A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   [Vaughan, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Tredick, CA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM ctredick@vt.edu
FU USFWS; Virginia Tech; United States Geological Survey
FX Funding for fieldwork and genetic analyses was provided by the USFWS,
   Virginia Tech, and the United States Geological Survey. D. Paetkau and
   his staff at Wildlife Genetics International did a superior job with
   analysis of genetic samples. We are grateful for the assistance of USFWS
   staff at all 3 refuges, particularly biologists R. Keel, W. Stanton, and
   D. Stewart. We also thank all graduate students, volunteers, and
   technicians who assisted with data collection in the field. R. Leaf, D.
   Dieffenbach, P. Doerr, and one anonymous reviewer provided constructive
   comments on and greatly improved earlier drafts of this manuscript.
   Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the United States
   government.
NR 47
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 8
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 7
BP 1031
EP 1039
DI 10.2193/2007-075
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 490FM
UT WOS:000269484100002
ER

PT J
AU Sawyer, H
   Kauffman, MJ
   Nielson, RM
AF Sawyer, Hall
   Kauffman, Matthew J.
   Nielson, Ryan M.
TI Influence of Well Pad Activity on Winter Habitat Selection Patterns of
   Mule Deer
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE gas development; habitat selection; liquids gathering system (LGS); mule
   deer; Odocoileus hemionus; predation risk; resource selection function;
   Wyoming
ID WOODLAND CARIBOU; NORTHEASTERN ALBERTA; WILDLIFE RESPONSES; PREDATION
   RISK; ROADS; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; ELK; SNOWMOBILES; RECREATION
AB Conversion of native winter range into producing gas fields can affect the habitat selection and distribution patterns of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Understanding how levels of human activity influence mule deer is necessary to evaluate mitigation measures and reduce indirect habitat loss to mule deer on winter ranges with natural gas development. We examined how 3 types of well pads with varying levels of vehicle traffic influenced mule deer habitat selection in western Wyoming during the winters of 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. Well pad types included producing wells without a liquids gathering system (LGS), producing wells with a LGS, and well pads with active directional drilling. We used 36,699 Global Positioning System locations collected from a sample (n = 31) of adult (>1.5-yr-old) female mule deer to model probability of use as a function of traffic level and other habitat covariates. We treated each deer as the experimental unit and developed a population-level resource selection function for each winter by averaging coefficients among models for individual deer. Model coefficients and predictive maps for both winters suggested that mule deer avoided all types of well pads and selected areas further from well pads with high levels of traffic. Accordingly, impacts to mule deer could probably be reduced through technology and planning that minimizes the number of well pads and amount of human activity associated with them. Our results suggested that indirect habitat loss may be reduced by approximately 38-63% when condensate and produced water are collected in LGS pipelines rather than stored at well pads and removed via tanker trucks. The LGS seemed to reduce long-term (i.e., production phase) indirect habitat loss to wintering mule deer, whereas drilling in crucial winter range created a short-term (i.e., drilling phase) increase in deer disturbance and indirect habitat loss. Recognizing how mule deer respond to different types of well pads and traffic regimes may improve the ability of agencies and industry to estimate cumulative effects and quantify indirect habitat losses associated with different development scenarios. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1052-1061; 2009)
C1 [Sawyer, Hall; Nielson, Ryan M.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA.
   [Kauffman, Matthew J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Sawyer, H (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, 2003 Cent Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA.
EM hsawyer@west-inc.com
NR 60
TC 63
Z9 64
U1 7
U2 70
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 7
BP 1052
EP 1061
DI 10.2193/2008-478
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 490FM
UT WOS:000269484100004
ER

PT J
AU Hecht, A
   Melvin, SM
AF Hecht, Anne
   Melvin, Scott M.
TI Expenditures and Effort Associated With Recovery of Breeding Atlantic
   Coast Piping Plovers
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic Coast; Charadrius melodus; endangered species; expenditures;
   piping plover; recovery
ID ENDANGERED-SPECIES-ACT; PREDATOR EXCLOSURES; NESTS
AB We calculated expenditures and hours of staff and volunteer time dedicated to monitoring and managing the United States breeding population of Atlantic Coast piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) in 1993 and 2002 and considered implications for recovery of this management-dependent species. In 2002, 73 federal, state, and local governmental agencies and private organizations played key roles in conservation efforts at 281 piping plover breeding sites. Total inflation-adjusted estimated expenditures increased by 51% between 1993 and 2002, from US$2.28 million to $3.44 million, but annual per-pair expenditures declined 4% from $2,459 to $2,350, and hours of paid-staff effort were similar (93 hr/pair in 1993, 95 hr in 2002). Expenditures for on-site monitoring and management were greater than for 6 other categories of expenses in both years and increased from 42% to 59% of total costs between 1993 and 2002. Staff time and expenditures were higher at sites where more labor-intensive efforts to protect plovers from recreation and other human use were necessitated by greater human accessibility. Total expenditures in 2002 were modest compared to those for some other threatened and endangered species and to costs of large beach-stabilization projects. Our results provide a baseline for estimating future costs of piping plover protection, including development and implementation of the long-term management agreements that will be required to remove this species from United States Endangered Species Act protection. Impediments to reducing costs for Atlantic Coast piping plovers are the species' widespread distribution at low densities and the unrelenting threats posed by human activities and predators. Modest economies of scale may be achieved through arrangements for management and monitoring that span multiple landowners and include other at-risk beach species. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1099-1107; 2009)
C1 [Hecht, Anne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA.
   [Melvin, Scott M.] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Westborough, MA 01581 USA.
RP Hecht, A (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 73 Weir Hill Rd, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA.
EM anne_hecht@fws.gov
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 15
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 7
BP 1099
EP 1107
DI 10.2193/2008-061
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 490FM
UT WOS:000269484100009
ER

PT J
AU Grear, JS
   Meyer, MW
   Cooley, JH
   Kuhn, A
   Piper, WH
   Mitro, MG
   Vogel, HS
   Taylor, KM
   Kenow, KP
   Craig, SM
   Nacci, DE
AF Grear, Jason S.
   Meyer, Michael W.
   Cooley, John H., Jr.
   Kuhn, Anne
   Piper, Walter H.
   Mitro, Matthew G.
   Vogel, Harry S.
   Taylor, Kate M.
   Kenow, Kevin P.
   Craig, Stacy M.
   Nacci, Diane E.
TI Population Growth and Demography of Common Loons in the Northern United
   States
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE common loon; count-based population model; demography; density
   dependence; Gavia immer; matrix population model; population growth rate
ID LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS; GAVIA-IMMER; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; NEW-ENGLAND;
   STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; AQUATIC BIRDS; MERCURY;
   REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL
AB We used recent developments in theoretical population ecology to construct basic models of common loon (Gavia immer) demography and population dynamics. We parameterized these models using existing survival estimates and data from long-term monitoring of loon productivity and abundance. Our models include deterministic, 2-stage, density-independent matrix models, yielding population growth-rate estimates (lambda) of 0.99 and 1.01 for intensively studied populations in our Wisconsin, USA, and New Hampshire, USA, study areas, respectively. Perturbation analysis of these models indicated that estimated growth rate is extremely sensitive to adult survival, as expected for this long-lived species. Also, we examined 20 years of count data for the 2 areas and evaluated support for a set of count-based models of population growth. We detected no temporal trend in Wisconsin, which would be consistent with fluctuation around an average equilibrium state but could also result from data limitations. For New Hampshire, the model set included varying formulations of density dependence and partitioning of stochasticity that were enabled by the annual sampling resolution. The best model for New Hampshire included density regulation of population growth and, along with the demographic analyses for both areas, provided insight into the possible importance of breeding habitat availability and the abundance of nonbreeding adults. Based on these results, we recommend that conservation organizations include nonbreeder abundance in common loon monitoring efforts and that additional emphasis be placed on identifying and managing human influences on adult loon survival. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1108-1115; 2009)
C1 [Grear, Jason S.; Kuhn, Anne; Nacci, Diane E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
   [Meyer, Michael W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Serv, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA.
   [Cooley, John H., Jr.; Vogel, Harry S.; Taylor, Kate M.] Loon Preservat Comm, Moultonboro, NH 03254 USA.
   [Piper, Walter H.] Chapman Univ, Dept Biol, Orange, CA 92866 USA.
   [Mitro, Matthew G.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Sci Serv, Madison, WI 53716 USA.
   [Kenow, Kevin P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
   [Craig, Stacy M.] Northland Coll, Sigurd Olson Environm Inst, LoonWatch Program, Ashland, WI 54806 USA.
RP Grear, JS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM grear.jason@epa.gov
OI Kuhn, Anne/0000-0003-4935-6692; Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197
FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) [(U. S. EPA
   STAR R82-9085]
FX We thank the volunteers and biologists who participated in field studies
   by the New Hampshire Loon Preservation Committee, the Wisconsin
   Department of Natural Resources, Chapman University, and Wisconsin
   LoonWatch. Also, we thank J. Awkerman, T. Boucher, M. Chintala, J.
   Copeland, D. Evers, T. Gleason, W. Munns, and E. Weissberger for
   comments and discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. This
   work was partially supported by a United States Environmental Protection
   Agency (U. S. EPA) Science to Achieve Results cooperative agreement (U.
   S. EPA STAR R82-9085). This is U. S. EPA, Atlantic Ecology Division
   contribution 07-108. Although the research described in this article has
   been funded in part by the U. S. EPA, it has not been subjected to
   agency-level review. Therefore, it does not necessarily reflect the
   views of the agency.
NR 49
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 40
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 7
BP 1108
EP 1115
DI 10.2193/2008-093
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 490FM
UT WOS:000269484100010
ER

PT J
AU Greer, DM
   Dugger, BD
   Reinecke, KJ
   Petrie, MJ
AF Greer, Danielle M.
   Dugger, Bruce D.
   Reinecke, Kenneth J.
   Petrie, Mark J.
TI Depletion of Rice as Food of Waterfowl Wintering in the Mississippi
   Alluvial Valley
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE food availability; food depletion; habitat management; Mississippi
   Alluvial Valley; rice; wintering waterfowl
ID MALLARD ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; WHITE-FRONTED GEESE; CARRYING-CAPACITY;
   WASTE RICE; MODELS; DETERIORATION; AVAILABILITY; MANAGEMENT; VIGILANCE;
   BEHAVIOR
AB Waterfowl habitat conservation strategies in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) and several other wintering areas assume carrying capacity is limited by available food, and increasing food resources is an effective conservation goal. Because existing research on winter food abundance and depletion is insufficient to test this hypothesis, we used harvested rice fields as model foraging habitats to determine if waste rice seed is depleted before spring migration. We sampled rice fields (n = 39 [winter 2000-2001], n = 69 [2001-2002]) to estimate seed mass when waterfowl arrived in late autumn and departed in late winter. We also placed exclosures in subsets of fields in autumn (n = 8 [2000-2001], n = 20 [2001-2002]) and compared seed mass inside and outside exclosures in late winter to estimate rice depletion attributable to waterfowl and other processes. Finally, we used an experiment to determine if the extent of rice depletion differed among fields of varying initial abundance and if the seed mass at which waterfowl ceased foraging or abandoned fields differed from a hypothesized giving-up value of 50 kg/ha. Mean seed mass was greater in late autumn 2000 than 2001 (127.0 vs. 83.9 kg/ha; P = 0.018) but decreased more during winter 2000-2001 than 2001-2002 (91.3 vs. 55.7 kg/ha) and did not differ at the end of winter (35.8 vs. 28.3 kg/ha; P = 0.651). Assuming equal loss to deterioration inside and outside exclosures, we estimated waterfowl consumed 61.3 kg/ha (48.3%) of rice present in late autumn 2000 and 21.1 kg/ha (25.1%) in 2001. When we manipulated late-autumn rice abundance, mean giving-up mass of rice seed was similar among treatments (48.7 kg/ha; P = 0.205) and did not differ from 50 kg/ha (P = 0.726). We integrated results by constructing scenarios in which waterfowl consumed rice at different times in winter, consumption and deterioration were competing risks, and consumption occurred only above 50 kg/ha. Results indicated waterfowl likely consumed available rice soon after fields were flooded and the amount consumed exceeded our empirical estimates but was <= 48% (winters pooled) of rice initially present. We suggest 1) using 50 kg/ha as a threshold below which profitability limits waterfowl feeding in MAV rice fields; 2) reducing the current estimate (130 kg/ha) of rice consumed in harvested fields to 47.2 kg/ha; and 3) increasing available rice by increasing total area of fields managed, altering management practices (e. g., staggered flooding), and exploring the potential for producing second or ratoon rice crops for waterfowl. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1125-1133; 2009)
C1 [Greer, Danielle M.; Dugger, Bruce D.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
   [Reinecke, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
   [Petrie, Mark J.] Ducks Unlimited Inc, Pacific NW Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Greer, DM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, 251 Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
EM daniellerutka@aol.com
FU North American Wetlands Conservation Council; Ducks Unlimited's
   Institute for Wetlands and Waterfowl Research; Southern Illinois
   University; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon State
   University
FX This study was part of a collaboration involving the Cooperative
   Wildlife Research Lab at Southern Illinois University, United States
   Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, and Mississippi
   State University. Funding was provided by the North American Wetlands
   Conservation Council, Ducks Unlimited's Institute for Wetlands and
   Waterfowl Research, Southern Illinois University, United States Fish and
   Wildlife Service, and Oregon State University. R. M. Kaminski and J. D.
   Stafford helped with project design and implementation. We thank D.
   Widner, R. Alexander, R. Hines, J. Kellum, P. Gideon, L. Smith, and R.
   Paterra for providing land and logistics for our threshold experiment
   and the 55 private landowners in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and
   Missouri who allowed us to sample their fields. We especially thank B.
   Cannon, E. Penny, E. Seckinger, J. Snyder, N. Jerstad, B. Bowers, T.
   Whyte, C. Cowan, M. Booz, B. Reishus, and A. Greer for collecting and
   processing samples. A. K. Greer, R. M. Kaminski, and J. D. Stafford
   provided constructive comments on previous drafts.
NR 45
TC 27
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 7
BP 1125
EP 1133
DI 10.2193/2008-250
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 490FM
UT WOS:000269484100012
ER

PT J
AU Twedt, DJ
   Somershoe, SG
AF Twedt, Daniel J.
   Somershoe, Scott G.
TI Bird Response to Prescribed Silvicultural Treatments in Bottomland
   Hardwood Forests
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE avian density; bottomland hardwoods; conservation lands; desired forest
   conditions; forest management; Louisiana; silvicolous birds; variable
   retention harvest; wildlife-forestry
ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; REGENERATING CLEARCUTS; COMMUNITIES;
   CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; POPULATIONS; LANDSCAPE; SYSTEMS; STANDS
AB Silvicultural treatments prescribed to enhance wildlife habitat by promoting structural heterogeneity via retention of large live trees, snags, and coarse woody debris has been termed wildlife-forestry. Wildlife-forestry has been advocated for management of bottomland hardwood forests on public conservation lands within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA. On Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge in northeast Louisiana, we used distance sampling during 6 visits to 138 point locations to estimate avian densities within stands subjected to variable-retention harvests, within a 13-year chronosequence, and untreated control stands. Densities of 9 species, including 6 species of conservation concern, were greater in treated stands than on untreated stands. Five species responded negatively to treatments and had greater densities in untreated control stands. Based on conservation concern scores established by Partners in Flight and annual detections of each of 30 species, treated stands afforded greater community-wide bird conservation than did untreated stands. For most species, maximum treatment response was between 5 years and 8 years posttreatment with duration of treatment effect <13 years. Therefore, habitat conditions on treated stands should be reevaluated at circa 15-year intervals and, if warranted, additional silvicultural treatment prescribed to rejuvenate habitat conditions. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1140-1150; 2009)
C1 [Twedt, Daniel J.; Somershoe, Scott G.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
EM dtwedt@usgs.gov
OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045
FU United States Geological Survey; United States Fish and Wildlife Service
FX Support for this study was provided by United States Geological Survey
   and United States Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank A. Finfera and E.
   Farley for assistance with data collection and S. J. Dinsmore, M. Smith,
   and T. Marques for assistance with analyses. This paper was improved by
   comments provided by J. Hagar and D. Dawson.
NR 44
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 7
BP 1140
EP 1150
DI 10.2193/2008-441
PG 11
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 490FM
UT WOS:000269484100014
ER

PT J
AU Jonker, SA
   Organ, JF
   Muth, RM
   Zwick, RR
   Siemer, WF
AF Jonker, Sandra A.
   Organ, John F.
   Muth, Robert M.
   Zwick, Rodney R.
   Siemer, William F.
TI Stakeholder Norms Toward Beaver Management in Massachusetts
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE beaver; Castor canadensis; damage; management; Massachusetts; norms;
   stakeholder
ID WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; ACCEPTANCE
AB In Massachusetts, USA, both human and beaver (Castor canadensis) population levels are increasing, beaver damage complaints are escalating, and beaver management options are restricted by the 1996 Wildlife Protection Act. We looked at the public's norms toward beavers in Massachusetts. In 2002 we sent a mail-back questionnaire to a random sample of 5,563 residents in 3 geographic regions in Massachusetts and to residents who submitted a beaver complaint to Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife) in 1999-2000 (47.3% overall response rate). Respondents supported some form of beaver management. As severity of beaver damage was perceived to increase, respondents were more willing to accept lethal management and control of beavers. These results emphasize the importance of how tolerance and acceptability of wildlife are influenced by the type of activity the animal is engaged in, the type of management action that is proposed, the positive or negative perception of a species in the eye of the public, and the public's preference for future population levels. A full understanding of these 4 points will help tailor management accordingly, because this knowledge can define a threshold of acceptance by the public for anticipated management actions. Restoration of full beaver management authority to the cognizant wildlife management agency would facilitate application of normative information to determine appropriate management response for minimizing conflicts between humans and beavers. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1158-1165; 2009)
C1 [Jonker, Sandra A.; Siemer, William F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Organ, John F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA.
   [Muth, Robert M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Zwick, Rodney R.] Lyndon State Coll, Dept Recreat Resources, Lyndonville, VT 05851 USA.
RP Jonker, SA (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2108 Grand Blvd, Vancouver, BC 98661, Canada.
EM Jonker@dfw.wa.gov
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 30
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 7
BP 1158
EP 1165
DI 10.2193/2004-160
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 490FM
UT WOS:000269484100016
ER

PT J
AU Schwartz, CC
   Podruzny, S
   Cain, SL
   Cherry, S
AF Schwartz, Charles C.
   Podruzny, Shannon
   Cain, Steven L.
   Cherry, Steve
TI Performance of Spread Spectrum Global Positioning System Collars on
   Grizzly and Black Bears
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE American black bear; brown bear; fix success; Global Positioning System
   (GPS); radiotelemetry; spread spectrum; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos
ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; HABITAT SELECTION; BROWN BEARS;
   HOME-RANGE; GPS; BEHAVIOR; BIAS; PATTERNS
AB Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry is a prevalent tool now used in the study of large mammals. Global Positioning Systems either store the data on board the collar or contain a remote-transfer system that allows for data recovery at more frequent intervals. Spread spectrum (S-S) technology is a new mode of data transfer designed to overcome interference problems associated with narrow-band very high frequency and ultra high frequency data-transfer systems. We evaluated performance of S-S GPS radiocollars deployed on grizzly (Ursus arctos) and black bears (U. americanus). We also evaluated variables that influenced GPS fix success rates, with particular focus on animal activity, time of year, and temperature. The S-S GPS collars performed to our expectations and met study objectives; we did not experience any major problems with the data-transfer system. We observed varying rates of fix success that were directly related to recorded activity counts. Using logistic regression, we verified that activity counts were a reasonable measure of resting or feeding-traveling in both bear species. Our results showed that 73% and 79% of missed fixes, respectively, occurred when we predicted black and grizzly bears to be resting. Temperatures measured in the canister of the collar were not correlated with air temperature, suggesting posture and activity influenced canister temperature. Both measures of temperature were predictive of fix success. We did not find that fix success was related to body morphology (i.e., neck circumference, mass, and chest girth), fix interval, position of the GPS antenna relative to the sky, or sex of the bear. We conclude that fix success for both species is strongly related to activity patterns and time of year. Activity counters appear to be a reasonable measure of this behavior, and we recommend researchers consider including an activity-count system when deploying GPS collars. We also recommend researchers explore building separate models of habitat selection based upon categories of activity to account for bias in fix success associated with bear behavior. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1174-1183; 2009)
C1 [Schwartz, Charles C.; Podruzny, Shannon] Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, US Geol Survey,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Cherry, Steve] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Cain, Steven L.] Natl Pk Serv, Moose, WY 83012 USA.
RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, US Geol Survey,No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov
FU United States Geological Survey; Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center;
   National Park Service
FX This study was funded in by the United States Geological Survey,
   Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, and the National Park Service.
   We thank student volunteers J. Akins, C. Alarcon, J. Balcomb, J. Ball,
   A. Hornsby, C. Hurin, K. Kapp, B. Karabensh, S. Mueller, M. Packila, K.
   Quinton, M. Riley, T. Rosen, and A. Sorensen who worked tireless hours
   collecting feed-site information. We also thank T. Graves and K. Keating
   for early review of this manuscript as part of the Fundamental Sciences
   Practices requirements for the United States Geological Survey, and we
   thank K. West and S. Tomkiewicz for editorial comments. Any use of
   trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
   not imply endorsement by the United States Government.
NR 31
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 7
BP 1174
EP 1183
DI 10.2193/2008-514
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 490FM
UT WOS:000269484100018
ER

PT J
AU Charney, ND
   Letcher, BH
   Haro, A
   Warren, PS
AF Charney, Noah D.
   Letcher, Benjamin H.
   Haro, Alex
   Warren, Paige S.
TI Terrestrial Passive Integrated Transponder Antennae for Tracking Small
   Animal Movements
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ambystoma opacum; marbled salamander; Massachusetts; migration;
   movement; passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags; radio frequency
   identification (RFID); small animal; technology; tracking
ID AMBYSTOMA-OPACUM; SPOTTED SALAMANDERS; MARBLED SALAMANDERS; BUFFER
   ZONES; PIT TAG; EMIGRATION; SYSTEM; FISH; CONSERVATION; ORIENTATION
AB Measuring terrestrial movements of small animals poses a substantial technological challenge. We developed very long (up to 130 m) passive integrated transponder (PIT) detectors with which we tracked salamanders (Caudata) migrating from breeding ponds to their upland habitat >200 m away. In all 60 trials, salamanders were detected when released near the antennae. In a second test, we tracked 7 of 14 tagged marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum) migrating >65 m, well beyond the area protected by existing wetland buffer regulations in Massachusetts, USA. The mean rate of movement for these salamanders ((x) over bar = 0.9 m/min; SE = 0.1 m/min) was substantially higher than rates of movement reported for related salamanders with radio-implants. These PIT antennae offer researchers a means to study small animal movements with less disruption of the animals' natural movement patterns than is caused by other available techniques. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(7): 1245-1250; 2009)
C1 [Charney, Noah D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Morrill Sci Ctr 319, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Haro, Alex] US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA.
   [Warren, Paige S.] Univ Massachusetts, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Charney, ND (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Organism & Evolutionary Biol Program, Morrill Sci Ctr 319, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM noah@alumni.amherst.edu
OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172
FU National Science Foundation; Amherst College Lloyd I. Rosenblum Memorial
   Fellowship
FX T. Dubreuil, M. O'Donnell, T. Evans, T. Castro-Santros, and R. Janaswamy
   provided critical expertise in antennae construction. We thank K.
   McGarigal, E. Plunkett, L. Gamble, and C. Jenkins for necessary prior
   field work, data, and advice. S. Record, C. Eiseman, K. Corr, and D.
   Paulson contributed essential field assistance. L. Hunter helped by
   reviewing electrodynamics derivations. We thank 2 anonymous reviewers
   for their valuable suggestions. N. Charney was supported by a National
   Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Equipment purchases
   were made possible by an Amherst College Lloyd I. Rosenblum Memorial
   Fellowship.
NR 33
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 5
U2 35
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 7
BP 1245
EP 1250
DI 10.2193/2008-096
PG 6
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 490FM
UT WOS:000269484100028
ER

PT J
AU Schulz, WH
   McKenna, JP
   Kibler, JD
   Biavati, G
AF Schulz, William H.
   McKenna, Jonathan P.
   Kibler, John D.
   Biavati, Giulia
TI Relations between hydrology and velocity of a continuously moving
   landslide-evidence of pore-pressure feedback regulating landslide
   motion?
SO LANDSLIDES
LA English
DT Article
DE Landslide; Slumgullion; Dilation; Pore-water pressure; Velocity;
   Colorado; USA
ID SEASONAL MOVEMENT; DEBRIS FLOWS; SHEAR ZONES; MOBILIZATION; CALIFORNIA;
   RAINFALL; FAULTS; SOIL
AB We measured displacement, pore-water pressure, and climatic conditions for 3 years at the continuously moving Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA. The landslide accelerated when pore-water pressure increased within the landslide body, but this occurred as pore-water pressure decreased along the landslide margin. The decrease probably occurred in response to shear-induced soil dilation at rates greater than pore-pressure diffusion and likely increased resistance to shear displacement and resulted in landslide deceleration. This dilative strengthening has been experimentally observed and explained theoretically, but not previously identified during field studies. Although landslide displacement should have exceeded that required to achieve critical-state density of shear boundaries, observed relocation of these boundaries indicates that shearing is episodic at fixed locations, so it permits renewed dilative strengthening when "fresh" soil is sheared. Thus, dilatant strengthening may be a considerable mechanism controlling landslide velocity, even for landslides that have continuously moved great distances.
C1 [Schulz, William H.; McKenna, Jonathan P.; Kibler, John D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Biavati, Giulia] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
RP Schulz, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 966,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM wschulz@usgs.gov
NR 55
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 2
U2 19
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
J9 LANDSLIDES
JI Landslides
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 6
IS 3
BP 181
EP 190
DI 10.1007/s10346-009-0157-4
PG 10
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 494ZM
UT WOS:000269858800002
ER

PT J
AU Boswell, R
   Shelander, D
   Lee, M
   Latham, T
   Collett, T
   Guerin, G
   Moridis, G
   Reagan, M
   Goldberg, D
AF Boswell, Ray
   Shelander, Dianna
   Lee, Myung
   Latham, Tom
   Collett, Tim
   Guerin, Gilles
   Moridis, George
   Reagan, Matthew
   Goldberg, Dave
TI Occurrence of gas hydrate in Oligocene Frio sand: Alaminos Canyon Block
   818: Northern Gulf of Mexico
SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Gas hydrate; Gulf of Mexico; Alaminos Canyon; Frio sand
ID PERDIDO FOLD BELT; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; SEA-FLOOR; MISSISSIPPI CANYON;
   BEARING SEDIMENTS; KEATHLEY CANYON; DEEP-WATER; VELOCITIES; SYSTEMS;
   SEEPS
AB A unique set of high-quality downhole shallow subsurface well log data combined with industry standard 3D seismic data from the Alaminos Canyon area has enabled the first detailed description of a concentrated gas hydrate accumulation within sand in the Gulf of Mexico. The gas hydrate occurs within very fine grained, immature volcaniclastic sands of the Oligocene Frio sand. Analysis of well data acquired from the Alaminos Canyon Block 818 #1 ("Tigershark") well shows a total gas hydrate occurrence 13 m thick, with inferred gas hydrate saturation as high as 80% of sediment pore space. Average porosity in the reservoir is estimated from log data at approximately 42%. Permeability in the absence of gas hydrates, as revealed from the analysis of core samples retrieved from the well, ranges from 600 to 1500 millidarcies. The 3-D seismic data reveals a strong reflector consistent with significant increase in acoustic velocities that correlates with the top of the gas-hydrate-bearing sand. This reflector extends across an area of approximately 0.8 km(2) and delineates the minimal probable extent of the gas hydrate accumulation. The base of the inferred gas-hydrate zone also correlates well with a very strong seismic reflector that indicates transition into units of significantly reduced acoustic velocity. Seismic inversion analyses indicate uniformly high gas-hydrate saturations throughout the region where the Frio sand exists within the gas hydrate stability zone. Numerical modeling of the potential production of natural gas from the interpreted accumulation indicates serious challenges for depressurization-based production in settings with strong potential pressure Support from extensive underlying aquifers. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Boswell, Ray] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
   [Shelander, Dianna] Schlumberger Reservoir Seism Serv, Houston, TX USA.
   [Lee, Myung; Collett, Tim] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Latham, Tom] Chevron N Amer Explorat & Prod Co, Houston, TX USA.
   [Guerin, Gilles; Goldberg, Dave] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA.
   [Moridis, George; Reagan, Matthew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Boswell, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
EM ray.boswell@netl.doe.gov
RI Reagan, Matthew/D-1129-2015; 
OI Reagan, Matthew/0000-0001-6225-4928; Boswell, Ray/0000-0002-3824-2967
NR 41
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-8172
J9 MAR PETROL GEOL
JI Mar. Pet. Geol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 26
IS 8
BP 1499
EP 1512
DI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.03.005
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 500UF
UT WOS:000270330300013
ER

PT J
AU Draut, AE
   Hart, PE
   Lorenson, TD
   Ryan, HF
   Wong, FL
   Sliter, RW
   Conrad, JE
AF Draut, Amy E.
   Hart, Patrick E.
   Lorenson, Thomas D.
   Ryan, Holly F.
   Wong, Florence L.
   Sliter, Ray W.
   Conrad, James E.
TI Late Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentation and hydrocarbon seeps on the
   continental shelf of a steep, tectonically active margin, southern
   California, USA
SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Continental shelf; Fluvial sediment; Hydrocarbon seeps; Southern
   California
ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES; OAK-RIDGE FAULT;
   NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; COASTAL CALIFORNIA;
   PALOS-VERDES; BASIN; VENTURA; RATES
AB Small, steep, uplifting coastal watersheds are prolific sediment producers that contribute significantly to the global marine sediment budget. This study illustrates how sedimentation evolves in one such system where the continental shelf is largely sediment-starved, with most terrestrial sediment bypassing the shelf in favor of deposition in deeper basins. The Santa Barbara-Ventura coast of southern California, USA, is considered a classic area for the study of active tectonics and of Tertiary and Quaternary climatic evolution, interpretations of which depend upon an understanding of sedimentation patterns. High-resolution seismic-reflection data over > 570 km(2) of this shelf show that sediment production is concentrated in a few drainage basins, with the Ventura and Santa Clara River deltas containing most of the upper Pleistocene to Holocene sediment on the shelf. Away from those deltas, the major factor controlling shelf sedimentation is the interaction of wave energy with coastline geometry. Depocenters containing sediment 5-20 m thick exist opposite broad coastal embayments, whereas relict material (bedrock below a regional unconformity) is exposed at the sea floor in areas of the shelf opposite coastal headlands. Locally, natural hydrocarbon seeps interact with sediment deposition either to produce elevated tar-and-sediment mounds or as gas plumes that hinder sediment settling. As much as 80% of fluvial sediment delivered by the Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers is transported off the shelf (some into the Santa Barbara Basin and some into the Santa Monica Basin via Hueneme Canyon), leaving a shelf with relatively little recent sediment accumulation. Understanding factors that control large-scale sediment dispersal along a rapidly uplifting coast that produces substantial quantities of sediment has implications for interpreting the ancient stratigraphic record of active and transform continental margins, and for inferring the distribution of hydrocarbon resources in relict shelf deposits.
C1 [Draut, Amy E.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
   [Hart, Patrick E.; Lorenson, Thomas D.; Ryan, Holly F.; Wong, Florence L.; Sliter, Ray W.; Conrad, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Draut, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM adraut@usgs.gov
OI East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460
FU California State Waters Mapping Program (California Coastal
   Conservancy); U.S. Minerals Management Service
FX This work by the U. S. Geological Survey was supported by the California
   State Waters Mapping Program (California Coastal Conservancy) and U.S.
   Minerals Management Service. We thank H. J. Lee, J. A. Warrick, S. Y.
   Johnson, and two anonymous reviewers for discussions and constructive
   reviews that improved this manuscript.
NR 56
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3235
J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES
JI Mar. Geophys. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 30
IS 3
BP 193
EP 206
DI 10.1007/s11001-009-9076-y
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography
GA 528GI
UT WOS:000272430400004
ER

PT J
AU Barron, JA
   Bukry, D
   Dean, WE
   Addison, JA
   Finney, B
AF Barron, John A.
   Bukry, David
   Dean, Walter E.
   Addison, Jason A.
   Finney, Bruce
TI Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Alaska during the past 15,000 years:
   Results from diatoms, silicoflagellates, and geochemistry
SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Holocene; Younger Dryas; Bolling-Allerod; Gulf of Alaska; Upwelling;
   Diatoms; Silicoflagellates; Geochemistry; Sea ice; Productivity
ID SEA-DRILLING-PROJECT; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; LATE
   QUATERNARY; BERING-SEA; EL-NINO; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; HOLOCENE CLIMATE;
   GREENLAND ICE; OKHOTSK SEAS
AB High-resolution records of diatoms, silicoflagellates, and geochemistry covering the past 15,000 years were studied in three cores from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Core EW0408-85JC in an oceanic setting on the Kayak Slope displays a paleoceanographic record similar to that at several locations on the California margin during deglaciation. Biologic productivity as reconstructed using geochemical and microfossil proxies increased abruptly during the Bolling-Allerod (Bo-Al) warm interval (14.7-12.9 cat ka), declined during the Younger Dryas (YD) cold interval (12.9 to 11.7 cat kyr BP), and rose again during the earliest Holocene. At this site, the record after similar to 11 cat kyr BP is dominated by oceanic diatoms and silicoflagellates, with geochemical proxies displaying more subtle variation.
   Cores EW0408-66JC in the Yakobi Sea Valley near Cross Sound and EW0408-11JC in the Gulf of Esquibel contain an expanded, composite record along the southeast Alaskan margin. Core 66JC contains a detailed record of the Bo-Al and YD. Diatoms and silicoflagellates indicate that coastal upwelling and biosiliceous productivity were strong during the Bo-Al but declined during the YD. Sea ice-related diatoms increased in abundance during the YD, indicating cooler, but less productive waters. The glacial to biogenic marine sediment transition in core 11JC occurs at 1280 cmbsf (centimeters below sea floor), probably representing rising sea level and deglaciation early in the Bo-Al. Freshwater and sea-ice related diatoms are common in the lower part of the core (Bo-Al and YD), but upwelling-related diatoms and silicoflagellates quickly increased in relative abundance up-core, dominating the record of the past 11,000 years. Low oxygen conditions in the bottom water as reconstructed using geochemical proxies (U and Mo concentration) were most intense between similar to 6.5 and 2.8 cat kyr BP, the beginning of which is coincident with increases in abundance of upwelling-related diatoms.
   The records from these three cores jointly thus made it possible to reconstruct paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic conditions at high northern Pacific latitudes during the last 15 kyr. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Barron, John A.; Bukry, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Addison, Jason A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Quaternary Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Addison, Jason A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Finney, Bruce] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA.
RP Barron, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jbarron@usgs.gov; dbukry@usgs.gov; dean@usgs.gov; ftjaal@uaf.edu;
   finney@isu.edu
OI Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743
NR 106
TC 31
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-8398
J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL
JI Mar. Micropaleontol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 72
IS 3-4
BP 176
EP 195
DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.04.006
PG 20
WC Paleontology
SC Paleontology
GA 496CB
UT WOS:000269944700006
ER

PT J
AU Weisberg, MK
   Smith, C
   Benedix, G
   Herd, CDK
   Righter, K
   Haack, H
   Yamaguchi, A
   Chennaoui Aoudjehane, H
   Grossman, JN
AF Weisberg, Michael K.
   Smith, Caroline
   Benedix, Gretchen
   Herd, Christopher D. K.
   Righter, Kevin
   Haack, Henning
   Yamaguchi, Akira
   Chennaoui Aoudjehane, Hasnaa
   Grossman, Jeffrey N.
TI The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 96, September 2009
SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB The Meteoritical Bulletin No. 96 contains a total of 1590 newly approved meteorite names with their relevant data. These include 12 from specific locations within Africa, 76 from northwest Africa, 9 from the Americas, 13 from Asia, I from Australia, 2 from Europe, 950 from Antarctica recovered by the Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE), and 527 from the American Antarctic program (ANSMET). Among these meteorites are 4 falls, Almahata Sitta. (Sudan), Sulagiri (India), Ash Creek (United States), and Maribo (Denmark). Almahata Sitta is an anomalous ureilite and is debris from asteroid 2008 TC3 and Maribo, is a CM2 chondrite. Other highlights include a lunar meteorite, a CM1 chondrite, and an anomalous IVA iron.
C1 [Weisberg, Michael K.] CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA.
   [Weisberg, Michael K.] CUNY, Grad Sch, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA.
   [Weisberg, Michael K.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA.
   [Smith, Caroline; Benedix, Gretchen] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England.
   [Smith, Caroline] Univ Glasgow, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
   [Herd, Christopher D. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
   [Righter, Kevin] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Code KT, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
   [Haack, Henning] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
   [Yamaguchi, Akira] Natl Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Tokyo 1908518, Japan.
   [Chennaoui Aoudjehane, Hasnaa] Univ Hassan II Casablanca, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Casablanca, Morocco.
   [Grossman, Jeffrey N.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20194 USA.
RP Weisberg, MK (reprint author), CUNY, Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, 2001 Oriental Blvd, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA.
EM meteorite@kingsborough.edu
RI Haack, Henning/A-4807-2013; 
OI Haack, Henning/0000-0002-4618-3178; Benedix,
   Gretchen/0000-0003-0990-8878
NR 0
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 3
PU METEORITICAL SOC
PI FAYETTEVILLE
PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA
SN 1086-9379
J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI
JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 44
IS 9
BP 1355
EP 1397
PG 43
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 518NC
UT WOS:000271698600007
ER

PT J
AU Rubin, DM
   Hesp, PA
AF Rubin, David M.
   Hesp, Patrick A.
TI Multiple origins of linear dunes on Earth and Titan
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID DIRECTIONALLY VARYING FLOWS; LONGITUDINAL DUNES; LATERAL MIGRATION;
   CASSINI RADAR; SAND DUNES; DESERT; CLASSIFICATION; ALIGNMENT; DYNAMICS;
   DRIZZLE
AB Dunes with relatively long and parallel crests are classified as linear dunes. On Earth, they form in at least two environmental settings: where winds of bimodal direction blow across loose sand, and also where single-direction winds blow over sediment that is locally stabilized, be it through vegetation, sediment cohesion or topographic shelter from the winds. Linear dunes have also been identified on Titan, where they are thought to form in loose sand. Here we present evidence that in the Qaidam Basin, China, linear dunes are found downwind of transverse dunes owing to higher cohesiveness in the downwind sediments, which contain larger amounts of salt and mud. We also present a compilation of other settings where sediment stabilization has been reported to produce linear dunes. We suggest that in this dune-forming process, loose sediment accumulates on the dunes and is stabilized; the stable dune then functions as a topographic shelter, which induces the deposition of sediments downwind. We conclude that a model in which Titan's dunes formed similarly in cohesive sediments cannot be ruled out by the existing data.
C1 [Rubin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
   [Hesp, Patrick A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Rubin, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM drubin@usgs.gov
RI Hesp, Patrick/I-3403-2013
OI Hesp, Patrick/0000-0003-4573-2945
FU Australian Academy of Science; Chinese Academy of Science
FX We thank A. Draut, J. Xu, and J. Warrick (all at USGS, Santa Cruz), J.
   Barnes (University of Idaho), and J. Radebaugh (Brigham Young
   University) for reviewing this manuscript and offering constructive
   comments. We also thank the Australian Academy of Science and the
   Chinese Academy of Science for funding and support, G. M. da Silva for
   analytical assistance, and M. L. Eggart for cartographic assistance.
NR 40
TC 53
Z9 56
U1 8
U2 17
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 2
IS 9
BP 653
EP 658
DI 10.1038/NGEO610
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 497LY
UT WOS:000270062200019
ER

PT J
AU Adams, J
   Scott, D
   McKechnie, S
   Blackwell, G
   Shaffer, SA
   Moller, H
AF Adams, Josh
   Scott, Darren
   McKechnie, Sam
   Blackwell, Grant
   Shaffer, Scott A.
   Moller, Henrik
TI Effects of geolocation archival tags on reproduction and adult body mass
   of sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus)
SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE breeding success; foraging; geolocation and telemetry; shearwaters;
   sooty shearwaters; tag effects
ID PTERODROMA-MACROPTERA GOULDI; NEW-ZEALAND; WANDERING ALBATROSSES;
   SATELLITE TELEMETRY; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; CASSINS AUKLETS; PELAGIC
   SEABIRD; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DATA-LOGGERS; BEHAVIOR
AB We attached 11 g (1.4% body-mass equivalent) global location sensing (GLS) archival tag packages to tarsi of 25 breeding sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus, titi) on Whenua Hou (Codfish Island), New Zealand during the chick-rearing period in 2005. Compared with chicks reared by non-handled adults that did not carry tags, deployment of tags on one or both adult parents ultimately resulted in 35% reduction in chick body mass and significantly reduced chick skeletal size preceding fledging (19 April). However, body mass between chick groups was not significantly different after controlling for skeletal size. Effects on chicks were more pronounced in six pairs where both parents carried tags. Chick mass was negatively related to the duration that adults carried tags. In this study, none of the chicks reared by pairs where both parents were tagged, 54% of chicks reared by pairs where one parent was tagged, and 83% of chicks reared by non-handled and non-tagged parents achieved a previously determined pre-fledging mass threshold (564 g; Sagar & Horning 1998). Body mass of adults carrying tags and returning from trans-equatorial migration the following year were 4% lighter on average than non-tagged birds, but this difference was not statistically significant. Reduced mass among chicks reared by adults carrying tags during the chick-provisioning period indicated that adults altered "normal" provisioning behaviours to maintain their own body condition at the expense of their chicks. Population-level information derived from telemetry studies can reveal important habitat-linked behaviours, unique aspects of sea-bird foraging behaviours, and migration ecology. Information for some species (e.g., overlap with fisheries) can aid conservation and marine ecosystem management. We advise caution, however, when interpreting certain data related to adult provisioning behaviours (e.g., time spent foraging, provisioning rates, etc.). If effects on individuals are of concern, we suggest shorter-term deployments, smaller and lighter tags, and alternative attachment techniques, especially when investigating threatened or endangered species.
C1 [Adams, Josh; Scott, Darren; McKechnie, Sam; Blackwell, Grant; Moller, Henrik] Univ Otago, Ctr Study Agr Food & Environm, Kia Mau Te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu Res Team, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
   [Adams, Josh] Moss Landing Marine Labs, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
   [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Adams, J (reprint author), Univ Otago, Ctr Study Agr Food & Environm, Kia Mau Te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu Res Team, POB 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
EM josh_adams@usgs.gov
RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009
OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059
FU Whenua Hou Management Committee; Rakiura Titi Islands Administering
   Body; Zoology Department of the University of Otago; Te Whare Wananga O
   Otago; Southland Department of Conservation; Tagging of Pacific Pelagics
   (TOPP); New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science Technology; Gordon
   and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Sloan
   Foundation; National Science Foundation
FX We thank the titi research team and members of the field crew, R. Mules,
   B. Newton, and D. Vercoe for assistance with tag deployments and
   recovery. C. Baduini (Claremont Colleges, California, USA) provided
   molecular sexing from blood samples. The Whenua Hou Management
   Committee, Rakiura Titi Islands Administering Body, the Zoology
   Department of the University of Otago, Te Whare Wananga O Otago,
   Southland Department of Conservation issued permits and supported this
   project. This research was conducted as part of the Tagging of Pacific
   Pelagics (TOPP) program and the Kia Mau Te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu Research
   project (the latter funded mainly by the New Zealand Foundation for
   Research, Science & Technology). SAS received financial assistance from
   the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard
   Foundation, the Sloan Foundation, and the National Science Foundation.
   All protocols were approved by the UCSC Institutional Animal Care and
   Use Committee and the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of
   Otago. Thanks to A. Lal, C. MacLeod, K. Wilson, and M. Rayner for
   valuable comments that improved this manuscript. The use of trade,
   product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes
   only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government.
NR 70
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 27
PU RSNZ PUBLISHING
PI WELLINGTON
PA PO BOX  598, WELLINGTON, 00000, NEW ZEALAND
SN 0301-4223
J9 NEW ZEAL J ZOOL
JI N. Z. J. Zool.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 36
IS 3
BP 355
EP 366
PG 12
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 520YC
UT WOS:000271884600010
ER

PT J
AU Kock, TJ
   Evans, SD
   Liedtke, TL
   Rondorf, DW
   Kohn, M
AF Kock, Tobias J.
   Evans, Scott D.
   Liedtke, Theresa L.
   Rondorf, Dennis W.
   Kohn, Mike
TI Evaluation of Strobe Lights to Reduce Turbine Entrainment of Juvenile
   Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID LOWER GRANITE DAM; CHINOOK SALMON; FISH BEHAVIOR; SNAKE RIVER; WELLS
   DAM; GROWTH; BYPASS; TRANSMITTERS; PERFORMANCE; AVOIDANCE
AB We conducted a radiotelemetry evaluation to determine if strobe lights could be used to decrease turbine entrainment of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington. We found that radio-tagged juvenile steelhead approached and entered two spillbays (one lighted, one unlighted) in equal proportions. However, the presence of strobe lights was associated with decreased spillbay residence time of juvenile steelhead and increased passage through induction slots (secondary turbine intakes located upstream of the ogee on the spillway). Mean residence time of tagged fish inside the lighted spillbay was 14 min compared to 62 min inside the unlighted spillbay. Radio-tagged steelhead passed through induction slots at a higher proportion in the lighted spillbay (55%) than in the unlighted spillbay (26%). Recent studies have suggested that strobe lights can induce torpor in juvenile salmonids. We believe that strobe light exposure affected fish in our study at a location where they were susceptible to high flows thereby reducing mean residence time and increasing the proportion of tagged fish entering induction slots in the lighted spillbay. Our results suggest that factors such as deployment location, exposure, and flow are important variables that should be considered when evaluating strobe lights as a potential fish-deterring management tool.
C1 [Kock, Tobias J.; Evans, Scott D.; Liedtke, Theresa L.; Rondorf, Dennis W.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
   [Kohn, Mike] Cowlitz Falls Project, Morton, WA 98356 USA.
RP Kock, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
EM tkock@usgs.gov
FU Public Utility District No. 1 of Lewis County, Washington
FX We thank our colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey's Columbia River
   Research Laboratory whose efforts contributed to the success of this
   study. Reviews by Steve Hiebert, Ken Tiffan, John Serl and an anonymous
   reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the
   Public Utility District No. 1 of Lewis County, Washington. The use of
   trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the
   information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not
   constitute-an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of
   the Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to
   the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 12
PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV
PI PULLMAN
PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD FAL
PY 2009
VL 83
IS 4
BP 308
EP 314
PG 7
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 508KQ
UT WOS:000270930100002
ER

PT J
AU Carter, GA
   Lucas, KL
   Blossom, GA
   Lassitter, CL
   Holiday, DM
   Mooneyhan, DS
   Fastring, DR
   Holcombe, TR
   Griffith, JA
AF Carter, Gregory A.
   Lucas, Kelly L.
   Blossom, Gabriel A.
   Lassitter, Cheryl L.
   Holiday, Dan M.
   Mooneyhan, David S.
   Fastring, Danielle R.
   Holcombe, Tracy R.
   Griffith, Jerry A.
TI Remote Sensing and Mapping of Tamarisk along the Colorado River, USA: A
   Comparative Use of Summer-Acquired Hyperion, Thematic Mapper and
   QuickBird Data
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE invasive species; Hyperion; Thematic Mapper; QuickBird; image resolution
AB Tamarisk (Tamarix spp., saltcedar) is a well-known invasive phreatophyte introduced from Asia to North America in the 1800s. This report compares the efficacy of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM5), QuickBird (QB) and EO-1 Hyperion data in discriminating tamarisk populations near De Beque, Colorado, USA. As a result of highly correlated reflectance among the spectral bands provided by each sensor, relatively standard image analysis methods were employed. Multispectral data at high spatial resolution (QB, 2.5 m Ground Spatial Distance or GSD) proved more effective in tamarisk delineation than either multispectral (TM5) or hyperspectral (Hyperion) data at moderate spatial resolution (30 m GSD).
C1 [Carter, Gregory A.; Lucas, Kelly L.; Blossom, Gabriel A.; Holiday, Dan M.; Mooneyhan, David S.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Geospatial Ctr, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA.
   [Carter, Gregory A.; Griffith, Jerry A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Geog & Geol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
   [Lassitter, Cheryl L.; Holiday, Dan M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
   [Fastring, Danielle R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
   [Holcombe, Tracy R.] United States Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Carter, GA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Geospatial Ctr, Gulfport, MS 39501 USA.
EM greg.carter@gcgcusm.org; kelly.lucas@gcgcusm.org;
   gblossom2020@yahoo.com; cheryl.lassitter@noaa.gov; dan.holiday@usm.edu;
   david.mooneyhan@gcgcusm.org; danielle.fastring@gmail.com;
   holcombet@usgs.gov; griffith@usm.edu
FU NASA Earth Science Division, Applied Sciences Program
FX The authors thank Rodney McKellip, Steve Tate, Jeff Morisette and Tom
   Stohlgren for assistance in the initial phases of this project. This
   project was sponsored by the NASA Earth Science Division, Applied
   Sciences Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
   descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
   Government.
NR 25
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 13
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 1
IS 3
BP 318
EP 329
DI 10.3390/rs1030318
PG 12
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA V24HC
UT WOS:000208400500011
ER

PT J
AU Evangelista, PH
   Stohlgren, TJ
   Morisette, JT
   Kumar, S
AF Evangelista, Paul H.
   Stohlgren, Thomas J.
   Morisette, Jeffrey T.
   Kumar, Sunil
TI Mapping Invasive Tamarisk (Tamarix): A Comparison of Single-Scene and
   Time-Series Analyses of Remotely Sensed Data
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Landsat 7 ETM+; Maxent; phenology; remote sensing; spatial modeling;
   Tamarix; time-series
AB In this study, we tested the Maximum Entropy model (Maxent) for its application and performance in remotely sensing invasive Tamarix sp. Six Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite scenes and a suite of vegetation indices at different times of the growing season were selected for our study area along the Arkansas River in Colorado. Satellite scenes were selected for April, May, June, August, September, and October and tested in single-scene and time-series analyses. The best model was a time-series analysis fit with all spectral variables, which had an AUC = 0.96, overall accuracy = 0.90, and Kappa = 0.79. The top predictor variables were June tasselled cap wetness, September tasselled cap wetness, and October band 3. A second time-series analysis, where the variables that were highly correlated and demonstrated low predictive strengths were removed, was the second best model. The third best model was the October single-scene analysis. Our results may prove to be an effective approach for mapping Tamarix sp., which has been a challenge for resource managers. Of equal importance is the positive performance of the Maxent model in handling remotely sensed datasets.
C1 [Evangelista, Paul H.; Kumar, Sunil] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Morisette, Jeffrey T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Evangelista, PH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM paulevan@nrel.colostate.edu; thomas.stohlgren@usgs.gov;
   jeff.morisette@usgs.gov; sunil@nrel.colostate.edu
RI Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016; Kumar, Sunil/A-6730-2009
NR 64
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 3
U2 26
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 1
IS 3
BP 519
EP 533
DI 10.3390/rs1030519
PG 15
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA V24HC
UT WOS:000208400500022
ER

PT J
AU Kokaly, RF
   Asner, GP
   Ollinger, SV
   Martin, ME
   Wessman, CA
AF Kokaly, Raymond F.
   Asner, Gregory P.
   Ollinger, Scott V.
   Martin, Mary E.
   Wessman, Carol A.
TI Characterizing canopy biochemistry from imaging spectroscopy and its
   application to ecosystem studies
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Session on the State of Science of Environmental Applications of Imaging
   Spectroscopy held in honor of Alexander FH Goetz
CY 2006
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE
DE Canopy chemistry; Imaging spectroscopy; Nitrogen; Lignin; Cellulose;
   AVIRIS; Water; Hyperspectral; Net primary production; NPP
ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; VEGETATION
   WATER-CONTENT; LEAF OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION;
   REMOTE-SENSING DATA; FOREST CANOPY; AVIRIS DATA; ABSORPTION FEATURES;
   FOLIAR CHEMISTRY
AB For two decades, remotely sensed data from imaging spectrometers have been used to estimate non-pigment biochemical constituents of vegetation, including water, nitrogen, cellulose, and lignin. This interest has been motivated by the important role that these substances play in physiological processes such as photosynthesis, their relationships with ecosystem processes such as litter decomposition and nutrient cycling, and their use in identifying key plant species and functional groups. This paper reviews three areas of research to improve the application of imaging spectrometers to quantify non-pigment biochemical constituents of plants. First, we examine recent empirical and modeling studies that have advanced our understanding of leaf and canopy reflectance spectra in relation to plant biochemistry. Next, we present recent examples of how spectroscopic remote sensing methods are applied to characterize vegetation canopies, communities and ecosystems. Third, we highlight the latest developments in using imaging spectrometer data to quantify net primary production (NPP) over large geographic areas. Finally, we discuss the major challenges in quantifying non-pigment biochemical constituents of plant canopies from remotely sensed spectra. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Kokaly, Raymond F.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Ollinger, Scott V.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Martin, Mary E.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Wessman, Carol A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Wessman, Carol A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Kokaly, RF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM raymond@usgs.gov
RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; Kokaly,
   Raymond/A-6817-2017
OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431;
   Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101
NR 105
TC 181
Z9 186
U1 3
U2 103
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 113
BP S78
EP S91
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.018
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 478CG
UT WOS:000268564800009
ER

PT J
AU Moser, KF
   Ahn, C
   Noe, GB
AF Moser, Kurt F.
   Ahn, Changwoo
   Noe, Gregory B.
TI The Influence of Microtopography on Soil Nutrients in Created Mitigation
   Wetlands
SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE created wetland; disking; microtopography; soil nutrients; surface
   roughness; wetland mitigation
ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SPECIES RICHNESS; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN;
   VEGETATION; PLANTS; BIODIVERSITY; LIMITATION; DIVERSITY; MEHLICH-3
AB This study explores the relationship between microtopography and soil nutrients (and trace elements), comparing results for created and reference wetlands in Virginia, and examining the effects of disking during wetland creation. Replicate multiscale tangentially conjoined circular transects were used to quantify microtopography both in terms of elevation and by two microtopographic indices. Corresponding soil samples were analyzed for moisture content, total C and N, KCl-extractable NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N, and Mehlich-3 extractable P, Ca, Mg, K, Al, Fe, and Mn. Means and variances of soil nutrient/element concentrations were compared between created and natural wetlands and between disked and nondisked created wetlands. Natural sites had higher and more variable soil moisture, higher extractable P and Fe, lower Mn than created wetlands, and comparatively high variability in nutrient concentrations. Disked sites had higher soil moisture, NH(4)-N, Fe, and Mn than did nondisked sites. Consistently low variances (Levene test for inequality) suggested that nondisked sites had minimal nutrient heterogeneity. Across sites, low P availability was inferred by the molar ratio (Mehlich-3 [P/(Al + Fe)] < 0.06); strong intercorrelations among total C, total N, and extractable Fe, Al, and P suggested that humic-metal-P complexes may be important for P retention and availability. Correlations between nutrient/element concentrations and microtopographic indices suggested increased Mn and decreased K and Al availability with increased surface roughness. Disking appears to enhance water and nutrient retention, as well as nutrient heterogeneity otherwise absent from created wetlands, thus potentially promoting ecosystem development.
C1 [Moser, Kurt F.; Ahn, Changwoo] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
   [Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Ahn, C (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM cahn@gmu.edu
RI Noe, Gregory/A-1365-2010; 
OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646
FU Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc.; Cosmos Club Foundation of
   Washington, D.C.; NIWR/USGS National Competitive Grant Program
   [06HQGR0189]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of R. Andrews and S.
   Coleman in surveying and sample/data collection, as well as the help of
   J. O'Reilly, M. Doughten, and D. Hogan in lab analyses. For site access,
   map data, and guidance, thanks to D. Lawlor and G. Roisum of the Fairfax
   County Park Authority and L. Giese, F. Graziano, and M. Rolband of
   Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc. We also thank two anonymous
   reviewers for suggested improvements to the original manuscript. The
   study was supported by Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc., the Cosmos
   Club Foundation of Washington, D.C., and 2006 NIWR/USGS National
   Competitive Grant Program (06HQGR0189).
NR 52
TC 23
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 23
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1061-2971
J9 RESTOR ECOL
JI Restor. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 17
IS 5
BP 641
EP 651
DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00393.x
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 496MO
UT WOS:000269978600009
ER

PT J
AU Meinke, CW
   Knick, ST
   Pyke, DA
AF Meinke, Cara W.
   Knick, Steven T.
   Pyke, David A.
TI A Spatial Model to Prioritize Sagebrush Landscapes in the Intermountain
   West (USA) for Restoration
SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Artemisia; Cheatgrass; Greater Sage-Grouse; Intermountain West;
   Sagebrush; spatial modeling
ID INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN; GREATER SAGE-GROUSE; HABITAT; STEPPE;
   ESTIMATORS; SITES; GIS
AB The ecological integrity of Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in the Intermountain West (U.S.A.) has been diminished by synergistic relationships among human activities, spread of invasive plants, and altered disturbance regimes. An aggressive effort to restore Sagebrush habitats is necessary if we are to stabilize or improve current habitat trajectories and reverse declining population trends of dependent wildlife. Existing economic resources, technical impediments, and logistic difficulties limit our efforts to a fraction of the extensive area undergoing fragmentation, degradation, and loss. We prioritized landscapes for restoring Sagebrush habitats within the intermountain western region of the United States using geographic information system (GIS) modeling techniques to identify areas meeting a set of conditions based on (1) optimum abiotic and biotic conditions favorable for revegetation of Sagebrush; (2) potential to increase connectivity of Sagebrush habitats in the landscape to benefit wildlife; (3) location of population strongholds for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, a species of conservation concern); and (4) potential impediments to successful restoration created by Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum, an invasive exotic annual grass). Approximately 5.8 million ha in southwestern Idaho, northern Nevada, and eastern Oregon met our criteria for restoring Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) and 5.1 million ha had high priority for restoring Mountain big sagebrush (A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana). Our results represent an integral component in a hierarchical framework after which site-specific locations for treatments can be focused within high-priority areas. Using this approach, long-term restoration strategies can be implemented that combine local-scale treatments and objectives with large-scale ecological processes and priorities.
C1 [Meinke, Cara W.; Knick, Steven T.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
   [Pyke, David A.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Knick, ST (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
EM steve_knick@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Bureau of Land Management; USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem
   Science Center
FX We appreciate funding provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and
   ancillary support from the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science
   Center. J. W. Connelly, D. J. Major, M. Pellant, and A. R. Sands
   reviewed an earlier draft of the paper. M. Pellant provided support and
   advice during all phases of our project. K. Fesenmyer provided
   assistance with the GIS figures. We especially acknowledge the
   interactions with managers, biologists, and instructors in the
   Restoration of Sagebrush Ecosystems course taught at the U.S. Bureau of
   Land Management National Training Center that formed the foundation for
   this effort.
NR 45
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 8
U2 51
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1061-2971
J9 RESTOR ECOL
JI Restor. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 17
IS 5
BP 652
EP 659
DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00400.x
PG 8
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 496MO
UT WOS:000269978600010
ER

PT J
AU Paukert, CP
   Makinster, AS
AF Paukert, Craig P.
   Makinster, Andrew S.
TI LONGITUDINAL PATTERNS IN FLATHEAD CATFISH RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND LENGTH
   AT AGE WITHIN A LARGE RIVER: EFFECTS OF AN URBAN GRADIENT
SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE flathead catfish; river; growth; abundance
ID STREAM FISH ASSEMBLAGES; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; ST-JOSEPH RIVER;
   BIOTIC INTEGRITY; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; GROWTH; COMMUNITIES;
   POPULATIONS; MORTALITY
AB We investigated the spatial variation of flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) relative abundance and growth in the 274 km long Kansas River to determine if population dynamics of catfish are related to urbanization. Electrofishing was conducted at 462 random sites throughout the river in summer, 2005-2006 to collect fish. Relative abundance of age 1 fish (<= 200 mm), subadult (>200-400 mm) and adult fish (>400 mm) ranged from 0.34 to 14.67 fish h(-1), mean length at age 1 was 165 (range: 128-195) mm total length (TL) and mean length at age 3 was 376 mm TL (range: 293-419 mm TL). The proportion of land use within 200 in of the river edge was between 0 and 0.54 urban. River reaches with high relative abundance of age 1 flathead catfish had high relative abundance of subadult and adult catfish. River reaches with fast flathead catfish growth to age 1 had fast growth to age 3. High urban land use and riprap in the riparian area were evident in river reaches near the heavily populated Kansas City and Topeka, Kansas, USA. Reaches with increased number of log jams and islands had decreased riparian agriculture. Areas of low urbanization had faster flathead catfish growth (r = 0.67, p = 0.005). Relative abundance of flathead catfish was higher in more agricultural areas (r = -0.57, p = 0.02). Changes in land use in riverine environments may alter population dynamics of a fish species within a river. Spatial differences in population dynamics need to be considered when evaluating riverine fish populations. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons
C1 [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Paukert, CP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
EM cpaukert@ksu.edu
FU Kansas Departti-ient of Wildlife and Parks [F50R]; Kansas Cooperative
   Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Kansas Department of Wildlife and
   Parks; Kansas State University; US Geological Survey; Wildlife
   Management Institute
FX We thank J. Eitzmann and M. Thompson for their extensive help with field
   and laboratory data collection. Also, D. Nygren and T. Mosher with the
   Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks for assistance with project
   development and comments, and K. Gido, W. Dodds and two anonymous
   reviewers with comments on early drafts of this manuscript. Funding for
   this project was provided by the Kansas Departti-ient of Wildlife and
   Parks through Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration F50R. The Kansas
   Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the
   Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Kansas State University, the US
   Geological Survey and the Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 44
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 14
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1535-1459
J9 RIVER RES APPL
JI River Res. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 7
BP 861
EP 873
DI 10.1002/rra.1089
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 497HJ
UT WOS:000270049100005
ER

PT J
AU Hayes, GP
   Rivera, L
   Kanamori, H
AF Hayes, Gavin P.
   Rivera, Luis
   Kanamori, Hiroo
TI Source Inversion of the W-Phase: Real-time Implementation and Extension
   to Low Magnitudes
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOMENT-TENSOR SOLUTIONS; GLOBAL SEISMICITY; EARTHQUAKES
C1 [Hayes, Gavin P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA.
   [Rivera, Luis] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
   [Kanamori, Hiroo] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Hayes, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, POB 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM ghayes@usgs.gov
NR 5
TC 34
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0895-0695
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2009
VL 80
IS 5
BP 817
EP 822
DI 10.1785/gssrl.80.5.817
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 503FT
UT WOS:000270519500014
ER

PT J
AU Skoruppa, MK
   Woodin, MC
   Blacklock, G
AF Skoruppa, Mary Kay
   Woodin, Marc C.
   Blacklock, Gene
TI SPECIES RICHNESS, RELATIVE ABUNDANCE, AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF
   NOCTURNAL BIRDS ALONG THE RIO GRANDE IN SOUTHERN TEXAS
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID OWLS
AB The segment of the Rio Grande between International Falcon Reservoir and Del Rio, Texas (distance ca. 350 km), remains largely unexplored ornithologically. We surveyed nocturnal birds monthly during February June 1998 at. 19 stations along the Rio Grande (n = 6) and at upland stock ponds (n = 13) in Webb County, Texas. We conducted 10-min point counts (n = 89) after sunset and before moonset. Four species of owls and five species of nightjars were detected, Nightjars, as a group, were nearly five times more abundant (mean number/count = 2.63) than owls (mean number = 0.55). The most common owl, the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), had a mean number of 0.25/point count. The mean for elf cowls (Micrathene whitneyi) was 0.16/point count. The most common nightjars were the common poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallir; 1.21/point count) and lesser nighthawk (Chordeiles acutipennis, 1.16/point count). Survey sites on the river supported more species (mean = 2.2) than did upland stock ponds (mean = 1.4). However, only one species (common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis) showed a preference for the river sites. Our results establish this segment of the Rio Grande in southern Texas as all area of high diversity of nightjars in the United States, matched (in numbers of specics) only by southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico.
C1 [Skoruppa, Mary Kay; Woodin, Marc C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
   [Blacklock, Gene] Coastal Bend Bays & Estuaries Program Inc, Corpus Christi, TX 78401 USA.
RP Skoruppa, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
EM mary_kay_skoruppa@usgs.gov
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2
FX We thank the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2, for
   funding this project, and the Ed Rachal Foundation for access to Galvan
   Ranch. We are especially grateful to C. D'Unger who was instrumental in
   fostering this research. We also thank R. Batey, S. Bretz Riggs, J.
   Gardner, W. Sekula, Jr., and M. Jenkins for field assistance. G.
   Proudfoot and R. Benson provided field techniques. Helpful reviews were
   given by G. Schnell, K. Arnold, T. Maxwell, T. Brush, P. Clements, and
   J. Mays. M. Mora provided the Spanish translation of the abstract. Any
   mention of trade names does not constitute government endorsement.
NR 49
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 8
U2 22
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
   TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 54
IS 3
BP 317
EP 323
DI 10.1894/MD-04.1
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 496WI
UT WOS:000270010200010
ER

PT J
AU Phillips, CT
   Gibson, JR
   Fries, JN
AF Phillips, Catherine T.
   Gibson, James R.
   Fries, Joe N.
TI AGONISTIC AND COURTSHIP BEHAVIORS IN DIONDA DIABOLI, THE DEVILS RIVER
   MINNOW
SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; SOUND PRODUCTION; CYPRINIDAE
AB Reproductively mature male Dionda diaboli, the Devils River minnow, exhibited agonistic and courtship behavior in presence of con specifics under laboratory conditions. Dionda diaboli spawned over small trays of gravel and did not use a cavity or a crevice. Devils River minnows were noncommunal territorial, broadcast spawners and agonistic behavior Consisted of chases, parallel swims, lateral displays, circle swims, and head butts. Courtship behavior consisted of a male approaching a female and pushing her (down toward the substrate (male-female approach) prior to spawning. Spawning did not occur until a male had established dominance in the hierarchy.
C1 [Phillips, Catherine T.; Gibson, James R.; Fries, Joe N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
RP Phillips, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA.
EM Catherine_Phillips@fws.gov
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS
PI SAN MARCOS
PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS,
   TX 78666 USA
SN 0038-4909
J9 SOUTHWEST NAT
JI Southw. Natural.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 54
IS 3
BP 341
EP 344
DI 10.1894/GG-34.1
PG 4
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 496WI
UT WOS:000270010200013
ER

PT J
AU Muhlfeld, CC
   McMahon, TE
   Boyer, MC
   Gresswell, RE
AF Muhlfeld, Clint C.
   McMahon, Thomas E.
   Boyer, Matthew C.
   Gresswell, Robert E.
TI Local Habitat, Watershed, and Biotic Factors Influencing the Spread of
   Hybridization between Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout and Introduced
   Rainbow Trout
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKII-LEWISI; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; NORTH-AMERICA; BULL
   TROUT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; INVASION
   SUCCESS; MONTANA STREAMS; RIVER DRAINAGE; UNITED-STATES
AB The invasion of nonnative fishes in freshwater systems is often facilitated by the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors operating at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We evaluated the association of local habitat features (width. gradient, and elevation), watershed characteristics (mean and maximum summer water temperatures. the number of road crossings, and road density). and biotic factors (the distance to the Source of hybridization and trout density) with the spread of hybridization between native westslope Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi and introduced rainbow trout O. mykiss in tire upper Flathead River system in Montana and British Columbia. The presence of hybridization and lite proportion of rainbow trout admixture were estimated using, seven diagnostic microsatellite loci. We defined logistic and linear regression models including various combinations of spatial and environmental factors and used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate the relative plausibility of these models. Models combining measures of water temperature, disturbance, and source connectivity were the best-approximating ones for the presence of hybridization. Hybridization was positively associated with mean summer water temperature and the number of upstream road crossings and negatively associated with the distance to the main Source of hybridization. The best-approximating models associated with the level of introgression among hybridized sites included measures of temperature, source Connectivity, and the density of trout. The proportion of rainbow trout admixture was negatively related to the distance to tire source and positively related to mean summer water temperature and density. Our results suggests that hybridization is more likely to Occur and spread in streams with warm water temperatures, increased land use disturbance. and proximity to the main Source of hybridization. However, habitat features alone may not limit the spread of hybridization: populations with high proportions of admixture and high densities may have to be reduced or eliminated.
C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
   [McMahon, Thomas E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Boyer, Matthew C.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA.
   [Gresswell, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov
FU The Bonneville Power Administration; Montana Fish; Wildlife and Parks;
   U.S. Geological Survey
FX The Bonneville Power Administration, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks,
   and the U.S. Geological Survey provided funding for this work. We thank
   Rob Leary for assistance with the genetic analyses conducted at the
   Conservation Genetics Laboratory, Missoula, Montana. We thank Steven
   Kalinowski, Brian Marotz, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful
   suggestions and comments and Mark L. Taper for assistance with the
   statistical analysis. Field data were collected by Steve Glutting, Rick
   Hunt, John Wachsmuth, Matthew Boyer, Durae Belcer, arid Nathaniel Hitt.
   We thank Brian Marotz and Joel Tohtz for logistical and administrative
   support arid Steve Glutting for providing Figure 1.
NR 61
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 3
U2 28
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 5
BP 1036
EP 1051
DI 10.1577/T08-235.1
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UX
UT WOS:000272025600010
ER

PT J
AU Patrick, HK
   Sutton, TM
   Swink, WD
AF Patrick, Holly K.
   Sutton, Trent M.
   Swink, William D.
TI Lethality of Sea Lamprey Parasitism on Lake Sturgeon
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PETROMYZON-MARINUS PREDATION; SURVIVAL;
   ATTACK; GROWTH; SIZE; PROSPECTS; SELECTION; ONTARIO; HOSTS
AB Parasitism by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus in ay contribute to the delayed recovery of imperiled populations of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in the Great Lakes. Our study objectives were to examine the survival, growth, and condition of four size-classes of lake Sturgeon following a single sea lamprey attack. Lake Sturgeon front one of four size-groups (1: 470-570 mm fork length; II: 570-650 mm III: 650-760 mm; and IV: 950-1,500 mm) were individually subjected to it sea lamprey attack in it series of 55 experimental trials. Direct mortality of lake sturgeon, resulting from acute anemia after an attack, was greatest for smaller lake sturgeon (I: 11%; II: 31%; III: 8%; IV: 0%). Similarly, indirect mortality resulting from secondary fungal infection was also size dependent (I: 11%; II: 19%; III: 8% IV: 0%). No direct relationship was found between attachment duration and host survival; short intense attachments were as likely to result in host mortality as longer attachments. More than 50% of sea lamprey attacks occurred on the ventral Surface of the rostrum or pectoral fin axils, and attachment at these locations resulted in the mortality of the host more often than did attachments at other locations. Declines in lake sturgeon growth and condition after an attack were more pronounced for smaller (size-classes I-III) than larger (size-class IV) lake sturgeon hosts. Although much uncertainty remains about the effects of sea lamprey parasitism on lake sturgeon, the levels of mortality observed in this study suggest that the no-observable-effect lampricide treatment protocol, which is designed to protect larval lake sturgeon at the expense of increased production of sea lampreys, may not be the optimal strategy for the concurrent rehabilitation of self-sustaining lake sturgeon populations and sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes.
C1 [Patrick, Holly K.; Sutton, Trent M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Swink, William D.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA.
RP Sutton, TM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM tsutton@sfos.uaf.edu
RI Sutton, Trent/E-9281-2010
FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Department of Forestry and Natural
   Resources at Purdue University
FX We thank the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hammond Bay Biological
   Station at Millersburg, Michigan, for providing the sea lampreys used in
   our study. We also thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National
   Fish Hatchery at Genoa, Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Department of Natural
   Resources (DNR) Wild Rose State Fish Hatchery, and the Michigan DNR Wolf
   Lake State Fish Hatchery for providing the hatchery-reared lake
   sturgeon, and Purdy's Fishery of Point Edward, Ontario, for providing
   the wild-caught lake sturgeon. We thank A. Muir and R. Mollenhauer for
   their assistance in the laboratory. The experimental procedures used in
   this research were approved by the Purdue University Animal Care and Use
   Committee as protocol 04-109. This project was funded by the Great Lakes
   Fishery Commission and the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources
   at Purdue University. This research is contribution 1541 of the USGS
   Great Lakes Science Center. Use of trade names does not imply U.S.
   Government endorsement of commercial products.
NR 43
TC 10
Z9 9
U1 6
U2 29
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 5
BP 1065
EP 1075
DI 10.1577/T08-058.1
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UX
UT WOS:000272025600012
ER

PT J
AU Peterson, JT
   Jackson, CR
   Shea, CP
   Li, GY
AF Peterson, James T.
   Jackson, C. Rhett
   Shea, Colin P.
   Li, Guoyuan
TI Development and Evaluation of a Stream Channel Classification for
   Estimating Fish Responses to Changing Streamflow
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SMALLMOUTH BASS; SPATIAL SCALES; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; MODELS;
   DISTRIBUTIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; HYDRAULICS; REGIONS
AB Current approaches to assessing the potential effects of river regulation and water use on stream fish communities are based on physical habitat simulation and are not feasible for estimating these effects over large spatial scales. We developed a channel classification for streams in the lower Flint River basin, Georgia, based on gross channel morphology and geology and evaluated its usefulness at 23 study sites representing the four channel types in the basin. Our channel classification separated stream channel types based oil dominant geology (upland residuum versus Ocala limestone) and channel form (confined versus unconfined). Fish were sampled and habitat measured at the study sites in spring, summer, and winter from 2001 to 2004, a period that included some of the lowest and highest seasonal flows ever recorded. The channel types differed with respect to diurnal variability in temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration as well as habitat characteristics (substrate, large wood). Statistical habitat modeling indicated that channel unit (e.g., pool, riffle) availability could be predicted accurately for each channel type using streamflow, with errors rates that averaged 0.7% across channel unit types. Comparisons between the accuracy of species presence and fish abundance models fit using habitat characteristics to those fit using geomorphic channel characteristics indicated similar model accuracy with slightly less bias (6% on average) for the geomorphic channel characteristics models. Our results indicate that the channel types were useful for predicting changes in habitats and stream fish presence and abundance in response to changing streamflow. Channel classification is potentially a useful and cost-effective approach to quantifying changes in the physical environment in response to varying streamflow. Additionally, channel classification Could be combined with dynamic fish population models to evaluate the effects of river regulation and water use across large spatial scales.
C1 [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   [Jackson, C. Rhett; Shea, Colin P.; Li, Guoyuan] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM peterson@warnell.uga.edu
OI Jackson, C. Rhett/0000-0001-6165-3556
FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Georgia
   Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Wildlife
   Management Institute
FX This project was funded by it grant front the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
   Service and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. A number of
   people were instrumental in providing assistance with this project. We
   ire particularly indebted to the many technicians, Volunteers, and
   graduate Students, including Nolan Banish, Bryant Bowen, Denise Carroll,
   Scott Craven, Shane Hawthorne, Brent Henry, Chris Holliday, Jeremy
   McCargo. Dale McPherson, Jason McGee, Patrick O'Rouke, John Ruiz, and
   Drew Taylor. Additionally, we thank Anne Wimberly for assisting with
   obtaining GIS maps and figures. The manuscript was improved with
   suggestions from T. Kwak, M. Freeman, and anonymous reviewers. The use
   of trade, product, industry or firm names Or products is for informative
   purposes only and does not constitute all endorsement by the U.S.
   Government or the U.S. Geological Survey. The Georgia Cooperative Fish
   and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological
   Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Georgia Department of
   Natural Resources. the University of Georgia, and the Wildlife
   Management Institute.
NR 60
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 5
BP 1123
EP 1137
DI 10.1577/T08-146.1
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UX
UT WOS:000272025600016
ER

PT J
AU Miller, MR
   Burns, EG
   Wickland, BE
   Eadie, JM
AF Miller, Michael R.
   Burns, Edward G.
   Wickland, Bruce E.
   Eadie, John M.
TI Diet and Body Mass of Wintering Ducks in Adjacent Brackish and
   Freshwater Habitats
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas acuta; Anas platyrhynchos; body mass; brackish water; California;
   diet; food habits; freshwater; Mallard; Northern Pintail
ID TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; BLUE-WINGED TEAL; NORTHERN PINTAILS;
   SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; FEEDING ECOLOGY; NUTRIENT RESERVES; WOOD DUCKS; FOOD
   USE; CALIFORNIA; MALLARDS
AB Field-collected and hunter-donated ducks obtained during September-January of 1997-98 and 1998-99 were used to determine if food habits and body mass of Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) and Mallards (A. Platyrhynchos) wintering in Suisun Marsh (Suisun), California, a managed estuarine brackish marsh, differed from values in the adjacent Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (the Delta), a freshwater region of grain fields flooded after harvest. Ducks in Suisun fed primarily oil seeds of Sea Purslane (Sesuvium verrucosum), followed by Alkali Bulrush (Schoenoplectus maritimus) and Wild Millet (Echinochloa crusgalli), together forming 73-90% (aggregate % dry mass) of the diets. Ducks in the Delta fed primarily on seeds of Smartweed (Polygonum spp.), followed by corn (Zea mays) and tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum), together forming 62-88% of the diets. Pintails and Mallards collected in Suisun each had similar (5 of 11 seasonal comparisons) or greater (6 of the 11 comparisons) body mass compared to their conspecifics collected front the Delta (90% confidence interval analyses), despite a composite diet in the Delta having about 39% greater metabolizable energy content (ME) and 24% greater protein content than in Suisun. Therefore, diet quality alone was not a predictor of body mass in these two areas. Other factors must have been involved, such as greater food abundance and density, lower waterfowl abundance and density, or lower daily energy costs in Suisun. Direct measurement of these factors should explain the apparent inconsistencies in body mass relative to food quality in these brackish and freshwater habitats. Received 28 June 2008, accepted 23 February 2009.
C1 [Miller, Michael R.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
   [Burns, Edward G.; Eadie, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Wickland, Bruce E.] Suisun Resource Conservat Dist, Suisun City, CA 94585 USA.
RP Miller, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
EM michael_r_miller@usgs.gov
RI Eadie, John/E-4820-2011
FU California Department of Water Resources; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation;
   Central Valley Joint Venture; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.
FX We thank P. Finfrock and B.J. Grewell (California Department of Water
   Resources) and W. Keck (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation) for assistance with
   project development and funding. We thank L. C. Lehman (Suisun Resource
   Conservation District) and D. R. Becker (California Department of Fish
   and Game, Grizzly Island Wildlife Area) for facilitating collections in
   Suisun Marsh. We thank D. G. Paullin (Central Valley Joint Venture) and
   M. A. Bias (Ducks Unlimited, Inc.) for assisting with study development
   and funding for the Delta studies. J. Shanks and S. Shanks provided
   access to Staten Island for collecting ducks, M. L. Quartaroli provided
   access to Empire Tract, R. Boeck (California Department of Water
   Resources) provided access to Twitchell Island, and R. Cooper (Bureau of
   Land Management) granted access to CRP. K. L. Petrik (Ducks Unlimited,
   Inc.) provided GIS data for CRP. We thank R. Eddings (California
   Waterfowl Association) for Suisun Mallard hand recovery data. M. L.
   Casazza, B. M. Ballard, T Suchanek and two anonymous referees provided
   reviews of the manuscript.
NR 66
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 19
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 32
IS 3
BP 374
EP 387
DI 10.1675/063.032.0302
PG 14
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 491GU
UT WOS:000269567400002
ER

PT J
AU Eisenhower, MD
   Parrish, DL
AF Eisenhower, Marc D.
   Parrish, Donna L.
TI Double-crested Cormorant and Fish Interactions in a Shallow Basin of
   Lake Champlain
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Double-crested Cormorants; Lake Champlain; foraging flocks; Perca
   flavescens; Phalacrocorax auritus; submerged aquatic vegetation; Yellow
   Perch
ID YELLOW PERCH; ONEIDA LAKE; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; LITTORAL FISHES;
   LARGEMOUTH BASS; EASTERN BASIN; HABITAT USE; NEW-YORK; PREY; PREDATION
AB Interactions of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and fish in a constricted shallow basin near a cormorant nesting site (Young Island) in Lake Champlain, Vermont were studied. Much of the basin was dominated by submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), which led to the investigation of how fish residing among SAV could affect cormorant foraging. Data were collected on foraging flocks, individual birds and their stomach contents, the fish comm unity, and SAV from May to September. Fish were most abundant in August and September; they did not migrate from the basin during the warmest time periods or the greatest densities of SAV. Although many fish species (N=28) were collected, Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) numbers comprised almost half of the fish community and were the major prey, based on numbers, in cormorant stomachs. Double-crested Cormorants regularly foraged in the basin until early August When they began foraging in more distant areas. The shift occurred soon after the peak in SAV biomass and height, which covered essentially the entire area previously frequented by foraging birds. The results indicate that. cormorants expand their foraging range when prey become less available. Thus, dense SAV can indirectly contribute to the expansion of Double-crested Comorants, adding complexity to strategies for managing cormorant numbers throughout the lake. Received 17 April 2008, accepted 19 March 2009.
C1 [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
RP Parrish, DL (reprint author), Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
EM Donna.Parrish@uvm.edu
FU Lake Champlain Sea Grant [LCSG-09-01]; U.S. Geological Survey; Vermont
   Fish and Wildlife; University of Vermont; Wildlife Management Institute
FX We thank D. Capen,T. Donovan, C. Paris, and A. Duerr for their research
   and review contributions, E. Buford and K. Omland for assistance With
   data analysis, and J. Burt, B. Frater, P. Hyde, H. Keller, and P. Meier
   for technical support. Cormorant collecting permit (MB042595-0) from
   U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was issued to D. E. Capen on 15 April
   2001, for two years. All procedures related to birds and fish were
   approved by the University of Vermont Animal Care Committee. Use of
   brand names does not confer endorsement of the U.S. federal government.
   This is contribution LCSG-09-01 of Lake Champlain Sea Grant. The Vermont
   Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by the
   U.S. Geological Survey, Vermont Fish and Wildlife, the University of
   Vermont, and the Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 46
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
EI 1938-5390
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 32
IS 3
BP 388
EP 399
DI 10.1675/063.032.0303
PG 12
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 491GU
UT WOS:000269567400003
ER

PT J
AU Poe, AJ
   Goldstein, MI
   Brown, BA
   Andres, BA
AF Poe, Aaron J.
   Goldstein, Michael I.
   Brown, Bridget A.
   Andres, Brad A.
TI Black Oystercatchers and Campsites in Western Prince William Sound,
   Alaska
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE habitat; human use; shoreline recreation; disturbance; Prince William
   Sound; Chugach National Forest; Alaska
ID DISTURBANCE; OIL
AB Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) have been identified as a species of concern by government agencies and conservation organizations because they have small populations and are sensitive to disturbance caused by shoreline and near-shore human activity. Expanding human recreation in Prince William Sound (PWS) may have potential negative consequences on Black Oystercatcher reproduction and on the population as a whole. Almost 2000 kin of shoreline in western PWS was inventoried to assess density, distribution and habitat use of breeding Black Oystercatchers each June and July from 2001 to 2004. These efforts identified 94 territories (density 0.03-0.38 pairs/km). Black Oystercatcher territories were preferentially located on wave-cut platforms and rocky islets as well as gravel beaches but they avoided salt marsh, tide flats and sheltered rocky shores. Within western PWS 186 shoreline campsites were documented and people preferred to camp on gravel beaches. The association between campsites and territories was evaluated, and although there was a positive correlation at the landscape level, direct overlap only occurred on four sites and territories were separated from campsites, on average, by 1.8 km. Impacts associated with direct overlap (e.g., trampling of nests or direct displacement of pairs) may be rare for this remote area. Received 29 July 2008, accepted 24 February 2009.
C1 [Goldstein, Michael I.] US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA.
   [Poe, Aaron J.; Brown, Bridget A.] US Forest Serv, Girdwood, AK 99587 USA.
   [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Goldstein, MI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 21628, Juneau, AK 99802 USA.
EM mgoldstein@fs.fed.us
FU The Chugach National Forest
FX The Chugach National Forest provided the funding for this study. Babkin
   Charters provided safe and comfortable accommodations as well as
   logistical support to complete the surveys. J. Urbanus, J Booz, C.
   Heaton, M. Kjick, J. Garrard and R. Venable assisted with field data
   collection. Comments from P. Guertin, F. Huettmann, R. Lanctot, D.
   Nysewander and an anonymous reviewer improved this manuscript.
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 32
IS 3
BP 423
EP 429
DI 10.1675/063.032.0307
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 491GU
UT WOS:000269567400007
ER

PT J
AU Hamilton, BT
   Nowak, EM
AF Hamilton, Bryan T.
   Nowak, Erika M.
TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INSOLATION AND RATTLESNAKE HIBERNACULA
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE black-tailed rattlesnake; Great Basin rattlesnake; western diamondback
   rattlesnake; communal hibernacula; insolation; Crotalus molossus;
   Crotalus lutosus; Crotalus atrox; dens
ID CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; WESTERN RATTLESNAKE; SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO; HABITAT USE;
   VIPERIDAE; MODEL; GIS; INFORMATION; HORRIDUS; ECOLOGY
AB We examined the relationships between insolation, climate, and hibernacula of black-tailed (Crotalus molossus), Great Basin (Crotalus lutosus), and western diamondback (Crotalus atrox) rattlesnakes at 4 sites ill Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. Hibernacula were located through a combination of visual searches and radio telemetry from 1995 to 2003. We used global information systems to calculate and compared hibernaculum insolation values with random points representing available insolation of the surrounding habitat. Insolation reflects soil temperatures, and we predicted that hibernacula ill cool climates, at high elevations, and at high latitudes would have higher insolation relative to their surroundings, while hibernacula in warmer climates would not differ from their surroundings in insolation. Coolest temperatures, highest elevations, and highest latitudes occurred oil the C. lutosus and C. molossus sites, where hibernaculum insolation was higher than surrounding insolation. Temperatures were intermediate oil the high-elevation C. atrox site, where hibernaculum insolation did not differ from random-point insolation. Temperatures were highest on the low-elevation C. atrox site, where hibernaculum insolation was unexpectedly lower than random-point insolation. Our observations suggest that rattlesnakes in cool climates utilize hibernacula with insolation values higher than those of their surroundings. Rattlesnakes in warm climates utilize hibernacula with insolation values lower than or similar to those of their surroundings.
C1 [Hamilton, Bryan T.] Great Basin Natl Pk, Baker, NV 89311 USA.
   [Nowak, Erika M.] No Arizona Univ, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Hamilton, BT (reprint author), Great Basin Natl Pk, Baker, NV 89311 USA.
EM bryan_hamilton@nps.gov
FU MOCA/TUZI; TONTO; National Park Service's NRPP program; USGS SIWD
   program; USGS Southwest Biological Science Center; Western National
   Parks Association
FX We thank the following people for their help with this Project: jenny
   Hamilton, Matt Spille, Jim Fox, Doug Wynn, Daryl Hanks, Dan Carpenter,
   Dan Mulcahy, Jered Hansen, Terry Arundel, Roger Repp, Krupa Patel, Bell
   Roberts, Bart Wright, Rob) Colvin, Gordon Schuett, Chuck Peterson,
   Josiah Hansen, Preston Hanks, Andrew Stock, W.H.. Martin, Trevor
   Persons, Karl Sieglaff, Jack Sites, Kamiakin Richards, Jenny Richards,
   Carol Simpson, Jon Bortle, Christy Baumgartner, Ann DaVega, Kathy M.
   Davis, Paul Deshler, Shirley Roll, Amyann and Patrick Madara-Yagla, John
   Reid, Manuel Santana-Bendix, Gretchen Baker, Neal Darby, Justin Schofer,
   and numerous National Park Service employees. Funding for the telemetry
   research at MOCA/TUZI. and TONTO was provided by the monuments, the
   National Park Service's NRPP program, the USGS SIWD program, the USGS
   Southwest Biological Science Center, and the western National Parks
   Association. We would particularly like to thank all the reviewers of
   this paper for their thorough reviews and thoughtful suggestions.
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 21
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 69
IS 3
BP 319
EP 328
DI 10.3398/064.069.0305
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 514QA
UT WOS:000271408700005
ER

PT J
AU Newell, RL
   Hossack, BR
AF Newell, Robert L.
   Hossack, Blake R.
TI LARGE, WETLAND-ASSOCIATED MAYFLIES (EPHEMEROPTERA) OF GLACIER NATIONAL
   PARK, MONTANA
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Ephemeroptera; mayfly; wetland; Ameletus; Baetis; Callibaetis;
   Ephemerella; Leptophlebia; macroinvertebrates; Parameletus; Siphlonurus
ID RESPONSES; COLONIZATION; VARIABILITY; OCCUPANCY; POND; USA
AB We describe species richness and habitat associations of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) collected during amphibian surveys of 355 water bodies in Glacier National Park (NP), Montana, in 2006-2008. We collected 9 taxa (in 7 genera) of mayflies that were identifiable to species. Callibaetis, ferrugineus hageni was collected most frequently, followed by Siphlonurus occidentalis, S. phyllis, Ameletus celer, A. similior, Parameletus columbiae, Ephemerella dorothea infrequens, Baetis bicaudatus, and Leptophlebia cupida. Siphlonurus phyllis bad not been reported ill the western United States prior to our surveys, and P. columbiae is I species of concern in the region. The identifications of 4 additional taxa were uncertain due to file poor condition of specimens found at only one site (Centroptilum sp. and Paraleptophlebia sp.) or because nymphal specimens could not be confidently identified (Cinygma sp. and Cinygmula sp.). Species richness of mayflies in wetlands seems low compared to that in streams and lakes in Glacier National Park. We found the most species of mayflies in beaver ponds, where we detected sonic species not commonly associated with lentie water bodies. Our survey was the first extensive survey of wetland invertebrates in Glacier NP and only file second that we are aware of in western Montana.
C1 [Newell, Robert L.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA.
   [Hossack, Blake R.] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
RP Newell, RL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, 32125 BioStn Lane, Polson, MT 59860 USA.
EM bob.newell@umontana.edu
FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative
FX Information on abundance and diversity of western Montana invertebrates
   was from collections of the senior author or from collections housed at
   the University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station (FLBS).
   Surveys were funded by the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring
   Initiative. All specimens collected during this study are the property
   of the National Park Service and are archived it the FLBS. We appreciate
   support from Glacier NP as well as support from J. Stanford, Director of
   the FLBS, for the use of records in the station's reference collection.
   Comments by C. Caudill, D. Rockwell, M. Kohler, and D. Ruiter improved
   the manuscript.
NR 43
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 69
IS 3
BP 335
EP 342
DI 10.3398/064.069.0307
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 514QA
UT WOS:000271408700007
ER

PT J
AU Bischoff-Mattson, Z
   Mattson, D
AF Bischoff-Mattson, Zachary
   Mattson, David
TI EFFECTS OF SIMULATED MOUNTAIN LION CACHING ON DECOMPSITION OF UNGULATE
   CARCASSES
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Puma concolor; caching; decomposition; carcass; odor; Arizona; mountain
   lion
ID EXPOSED RABBIT CARRION; ARTHROPOD SUCCESSION; WILDLIFE CARCASSES;
   NATIONAL-PARK; ARCTIC FOXES; DECOMPOSITION; PREY; BEHAVIOR;
   COLONIZATION; LOUISIANA
AB Caching of animal remains is Common among carnivorous species of all sizes, yet the effects of caching on larger prey are unstudied. We conducted a summer field experiment designed to test the effects of simulated mountain lion (Puma concolor) caching on mass loss, relative temperature, and odor dissemination of 9 prey-like carcasses. We deployed all but one of the carcasses in pairs, with one of each pair exposed and the other shaded and shallowly buried (cached). Caching Substantially reduced wastage during dry and hot (drought) but not wet and cool (monsoon) periods, and it also reduced temperature and discernable odor to some degree during both seasons. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that caching serves to both reduce competition from arthropods and microbes and reduce odds of detection by larger vertebrates such its bears (Ursus spp.), wolves (Canis lupus), or other lions.
C1 [Mattson, David] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
   [Bischoff-Mattson, Zachary] Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97219 USA.
RP Mattson, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Res Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM david.mattson@nau.edu
FU USGS Southwest Biological Science Center; Ecological Monitoring and
   Assessment Program at Northern Arizona University
FX Funding for this study was provided by the USGS Southwest Biological
   Science Center and by the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Program
   at Northern Arizona University. We appreciate the assistance of Jan
   Hart, Terry Arundel, and Karan English with logistics and funding; the
   assistance of Sky Bischoff-Mattson and Susan Bischoff with data
   collection; the assistance of Richard Keller of the Arizona Game and
   Fish Department with locating carcasses; and the assistance of Charles
   Drost, Tad Theimer, and Jan Hart with manuscript reviews. Paulette
   Bierzychudek and Ken Clifton of Lewis and Clark College provided
   guidance for aspects of this project.
NR 48
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 13
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 69
IS 3
BP 343
EP 350
DI 10.3398/064.069.0308
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 514QA
UT WOS:000271408700008
ER

PT J
AU Valdez, EW
   Ritzi, CM
   Whitaker, JO
AF Valdez, Ernest W.
   Ritzi, Christopher M.
   Whitaker, John O., Jr.
TI ECTOPARASITES OF THE OCCULT BAT, MYOTIS OCCULTUS (CHIROPTERA:
   VESPERTILIONIDAE)
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE ectoparasites; Myotis occultus; hosts; museum; specimen; Colorado; New
   Mexico
ID NEW-MEXICO; MITES ACARI; HOST; TEXAS
AB Only a single previous study has examined ectoparasites of the occult bat (Myotis occultus), from which only 2 species of fleas were identified. For nor study, we examined 202 individuals, 52 fresh hosts and 150 museum specimens, from New Mexico and southern Colorado for ectoparasites. We recorded 2158 ectoparasites, 634 from fresh hosts and 1524 from museum specimens. Ectoparasites belonged to 10 families and 13 genera of insect or acari and represent new host and locality records. In general, ectoparasites collected from fresh hosts and museum specimens were represented by 4 major species of mite: Macronyssus crosbyi, Alabidocarpus calcaratus, Acanthophthirius lucifugus, and Alabidocarpus nr. eptesicus. From our study, we found fresh hosts to have significantly greater prevalence values. for Myodopsylla gentilis (flea), Chiroptonyssus robustipes (mite), and Leptotrombidium myotis (chigger), whereas museum specimens hall significantly greater prevalence values for A. calcaratus (mite) and A. nr. eptesicus (mite). There were no significant differences between prevalence values for 4 mites including M. crosbyi, A. lucifugus, Pteracarus nr. minutus, and Cryptonyssus sp. Our study represents the only extensive study of ectoparasites on M. occultus and provides evidence for the importance of examining fresh hosts and museum specimens ill future, ectoparasite studies.
C1 [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   [Ritzi, Christopher M.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Biol, Apline, TX 79832 USA.
   [Whitaker, John O., Jr.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Ecol & Organismal Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA.
RP Valdez, EW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
EM ernie@usgs.gov
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 8
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 69
IS 3
BP 364
EP 370
DI 10.3398/064.069.0310
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 514QA
UT WOS:000271408700010
ER

PT J
AU Buys, DJ
   Hilderbrand, RH
   Kershner, JL
AF Buys, David J.
   Hilderbrand, Robert H.
   Kershner, Jeffrey L.
TI THE EFFECTS OF VARIED DENSITIES ON THE GROWTH AND EMIGRATION OF ADULT
   CUTTHROAT TROUT AND BROOK TROUT IN FENCED STREAM ENCLOSURES
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE competition; cutthroat trout; brook trout; habitat
ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROWN TROUT; COMPETITIVE
   INTERACTIONS; CLARKI; PERFORMANCE; HABITAT; IDAHO; CHARR; STEELHEAD
AB We evaluated the effects of various density treatments oil adult fish growth and emigration rates between Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki utah and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in stream enclosures in Beaver Creek, Idaho. We used 3 density treatments (low, ambient, and high fish densities) to evaluate density-related effects and to ensure a response. Intraspecific ambient-density tests using cutthroat trout only were also performed. Results indicated an absence of cage effects in the stream enclosures and no differences in fish growth between ambient-density stream-enclosure fish and Free-range fish. Brook trout outgrew and moved less than cutthroat trout in the stream enclosures, especially as density increased. I it all 3 density treatments, brook trout gained more weight than cutthroat trout, with brook trout gaining weight in each density treatment and cutthroat trout losing weight at the highest density. At high densities, cutthroat trout attempted to emigrate more frequently than brook trout in sympatry and allopatry. We observed a negative correlation between growth and emigration for interspecific cutthroat trout, indicating a possible competitive response due to the presence of brook trout. We observed similar responses for weight and emigration in trials of allopatric cutthroat trout, indicating strong intraspecific effects as density increased. While cutthroat trout showed a response to experimental manipulation with brook trout at different densities, there has been long-term coexistence between these species in Beaver Creek. This system presents a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms that lead cutthroat trout to coexist with rather than be replaced by nonnative brook trout.
C1 [Buys, David J.] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   [Buys, David J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   [Hilderbrand, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA.
   [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] Utah State Univ, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, USDA Forest Serv, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Kershner, JL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 211 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM jkershner@usgs.gov
RI Hilderbrand, Robert/H-9807-2013
OI Hilderbrand, Robert/0000-0003-0923-7699
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's; USDA Forest Service Fish and
   Aquatic Ecology Unit
FX Thanks go to Susan Durham for her assistance with statistical analysis
   and to Drs. Jim McMahon and Todd Crowl for their helpful reviews on
   previous versions of this manuscript. Thanks also go to biologist Hans
   Berge who contributed greatly to this work through his advice and field
   assistance. Funding was graciously provided by the National Fish and
   Wildlife Foundation's "Bring Back the Natives" program and also by the
   USDA Forest Service Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit.
NR 42
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 12
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 69
IS 3
BP 371
EP 381
DI 10.3398/064.069.0311
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 514QA
UT WOS:000271408700011
ER

PT J
AU Valdez, EW
   Geluso, K
   Foote, J
   Allison-Kosior, G
   Roemer, DM
AF Valdez, Ernest W.
   Geluso, Keith
   Foote, Jennifer
   Allison-Kosior, Gosia
   Roemer, David M.
TI SPRING AND WINTER RECORDS OF THE EASTERN PIPISTRELLE (PERIMYOTIS
   SUBFLAVUS) IN SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO
SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE cave; New Mexico; Perimyotis subflavus; record
AB Eastern pipistrelles (Perimyotis subflavus) were first documented front South Dakota, western Texas, and New Mexico during recent years, suggesting that the distribution of this species is expanding westward across central parts of North America. In New Mexico, only 2 records of P. subflavus previously were known-one from summer and One from autumn. Here we report on 3 new records of P. subflavus front southeastern New Mexico, including the first 2 records from winter and the first record from spring. One individual in winter was observed hibernating in a cave in Chaves County. Our records and previous ones from autumn and summer suggest that this species is resident throughout the year in New Mexico.
C1 [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Arid Lands Field Stn,Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   [Geluso, Keith] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA.
   [Roemer, David M.] Carlshad Gaverns Natl Pk, Carlshad, NM 88220 USA.
RP Valdez, EW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Arid Lands Field Stn,Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
EM ernie@usgs.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 10
PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV
PI PROVO
PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA
SN 1527-0904
J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST
JI West. North Am. Naturalist
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 69
IS 3
BP 396
EP 398
DI 10.3398/064.069.0315
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 514QA
UT WOS:000271408700015
ER

PT J
AU Faulkner, SP
   Bhattarai, P
   Allen, Y
   Barras, J
   Constant, G
AF Faulkner, Stephen P.
   Bhattarai, Prajwol
   Allen, Yvonne
   Barras, John
   Constant, Glenn
TI IDENTIFYING BALDCYPRESS-WATER TUPELO REGENERATION CLASSES IN FORESTED
   WETLANDS OF THE ATCHAFALAYA BASIN, LOUISIANA
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrology; Landsat; remote sensing; swamps
ID DISTICHUM L RICH; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NATURAL REGENERATION; MISSISSIPPI
   DELTA; INVENTORY MAPS; UNITED-STATES; SWAMP FOREST; TAXODIUM;
   PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION
AB Baldcypress-water tupelo (cypress-tupelo) swamps are critically important coastal forested wetlands found throughout the southeastern U. S. The long-term survival and sustainability of these swamp forests is unknown due to large-scale changes in hydrologic regimes that prevent natural regeneration following logging or mortality. We used NWI wetland maps and remotely sensed hydrologic data to map cypress-tupelo communities, surface water, and the extent and location of proposed regeneration condition classes for cypress-tupelo swamps in the Atchafalaya Basin, LA. Only 6,175 ha (5.8%) of the 106,227 ha of cypress-tupelo forest in the Lower Atchafalaya Basin Floodway was classified as capable of naturally regenerating. Over 23% (24,525 ha) of the forest area was mapped as unable to regenerate either naturally or artificially. The loss and conversion of nearly 25,000 ha of cypress-tupelo forest would have significant and long-lasting impacts on ecosystem services such as wildlife habitat for birds and Louisiana black bears. Given the landscape-scale changes in surface elevations and flooding depths and durations throughout southern Louisiana, similar conditions and impacts are likely applicable to all coastal cypress-tupelo forests in Louisiana. Better data on flooding during the growing season are needed to more accurately identify and refine the location and spatial extent of the regeneration condition classes.
C1 [Faulkner, Stephen P.; Allen, Yvonne; Barras, John] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
   [Bhattarai, Prajwol] IAP World Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
   [Constant, Glenn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Baton Rouge Fisheries Resource Off, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Faulkner, SP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
EM sfaulkner@usgs.gov
NR 64
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 3
BP 809
EP 817
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 535CO
UT WOS:000272944400003
ER

PT J
AU DesRochers, DW
   McWilliams, SR
   Silbernagle, MD
   Reed, JM
AF DesRochers, David W.
   McWilliams, Scott R.
   Silbernagle, Michael D.
   Reed, J. Michael
TI MACRONUTRIENT PROFILES OF WETLAND PLANTS CONSUMED BY THE HAWAIIAN
   MOORHEN (GALLINULA CHLOROPUS SANDVICENSIS)
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE endangered species; energetics; food value; forage; Hawaiian waterbirds;
   moist-soil management; nutritional value
ID CARRYING-CAPACITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; SEEDLING
   EMERGENCE; GEESE; SOIL; ENERGETICS; SEEDS; CONSERVATION; CONSTRAINTS
AB Understanding the nutritional quality of wildlife foods is important for management and conservation efforts. We report the gross energy and macronutrient content of 10 plant species consumed by endangered Hawaiian Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) along with gross energy and macronutrient content of three plant species not known to be consumed by moorhen. We also report the same information for Urochloa mutica that is consumed when it is, 10 cm tall, but not when it is taller. We also compared macronutrient composition of plant species collected from sites with different soil moisture levels. Energy density, fat, ash, nitrogen, protein, carbohydrates, and fiber of these wetland plants were similar across soil moisture categories, but differed among plant species. We tested for rank consistency of nutrient values across species to determine if some were consistently high across measures, and we tested whether there were differences in energy and protein content between natives and non-natives, and between species consumed versus not eaten. Rank values of macronutrients were inconsistent across species, and we found no differences in energy or protein across groups of species. Information on Hawaiian Moorhen nutritional requirements and the species' ability to metabolize these different plants will help inform wetland managers.
C1 [DesRochers, David W.; Reed, J. Michael] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
   [McWilliams, Scott R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Coastal Inst Kingston, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
   [Silbernagle, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Haleiwa, HI 96712 USA.
RP DesRochers, DW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
EM DavidW.DesRochers@gmail.com
RI McWilliams, Scott/B-8728-2013
OI McWilliams, Scott/0000-0002-9727-1151
FU Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences; Hawaii Division of Forestry
   and Wildlife; Nuttall Ornithological Club; National Science Foundation
   [DEB-0710119]
FX We thank K. Winiarski in SRM's laboratory for overseeing the analyses;
   C. Daehler and D. Webb at U. Hawaii, Manoa, for allowing us access to
   drying ovens; and B. Casler at Waimea Valley for providing Egeria densa
   samples. We also thank C. Orians, W. Einhorn, M. Berbeco, N. Cyr, and J.
   DesRochers for helping us process plant samples. This work was supported
   by Tufts Institute for the Environment, a Tufts University Graduate
   Student Association Research Award, a Kathleen S. Anderson Award from
   the Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Hawaii Division of
   Forestry and Wildlife, the Blake Fund of the Nuttall Ornithological
   Club, and a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant to DWD (#
   DEB-0710119) from the National Science Foundation. L. Fredrickson and N.
   Wilson-Rich provided valuable feedback on earlier drafts of this
   manuscript, as did one anonymous reviewer.
NR 68
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 3
BP 845
EP 853
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 535CO
UT WOS:000272944400007
ER

PT J
AU Moss, RC
   Blumenshine, SC
   Yee, J
   Fleskes, JP
AF Moss, Richard C.
   Blumenshine, Steven C.
   Yee, Julie
   Fleskes, Joseph P.
TI EMERGENT INSECT PRODUCTION IN POST-HARVEST FLOODED AGRICULTURAL FIELDS
   USED BY WATERBIRDS
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE California; flooding depth; flooding duration; Tulare Lake Basin;
   waterbird food; waterfowl
ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SONORAN DESERT STREAM; NORTHERN PINTAILS; AQUATIC
   INSECTS; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; MANAGED WETLANDS; FEEDING ECOLOGY;
   CALIFORNIA; INVERTEBRATES; CHIRONOMIDAE
AB California's Tulare Lake Basin (TLB) is one of the most important waterbird areas in North America even though most wetlands there have been converted to cropland. To guide management programs promoting waterbird beneficial agriculture, which includes flooding fields between growing periods, we measured emergence rates of insects, an important waterbird food, in three crop types (tomato, wheat, alfalfa) in the TLB relative to water depth and days flooded during August-October, 2003 and 2004. We used corrected Akaike's Information Criterion values to compare a set of models that accounted for our repeated measured data. The best model included crop type and crop type interacting with days flooded and depth flooded. Emergence rates (mg m(-2) day(-1)) were greater in tomato than wheat or alfalfa fields, increased with days flooded in alfalfa and tomato but not wheat fields, and increased with water depth in alfalfa and wheat but not tomato fields. To investigate the relationship between the range of diel water temperatures and insect emergence rates, we reared Chironomus dilutus larvae in environmental chambers under high (15-32 degrees C) and low fluctuation (20-26 degrees C) temperature regimes that were associated with shallow and deep (respectively) sampling sites in our fields. Larval survival (4x) and biomass (2x) were greater in the low thermal fluctuation treatment suggesting that deeply flooded areas would support greater insect production.
C1 [Moss, Richard C.; Blumenshine, Steven C.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol MS SB73, Fresno, CA 93740 USA.
   [Yee, Julie] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
   [Fleskes, Joseph P.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA.
RP Moss, RC (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol MS SB73, Fresno, CA 93740 USA.
EM sblumens@csufresno.edu
FU Division of Graduate Studies
FX We thank Bob Shaffer and Rob Holbrook with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
   Service-Central Valley Joint Venture, Dean Kwasny, Joe Hobbs, and Dave
   Smith of the California Department of Fish and Game. The California
   State University-Fresno Agriculture Research Initiative, the Dean of the
   College of Science and Mathematics, and the Department of Biology, and
   Division of Graduate Studies provided funding and support to make this
   research possible. Dr. Bruce Roberts, California State
   University-Fresno, Department of Agriculture helped us gain access to
   farmland for study. Nathan Heeringa and Michael Mullion of JG Boswell
   Corporation, Mark Hansen and other staff of Hansen Ranches, and Steve
   Laymon of the U. S. Bureau of Land Management provided their time and
   support to help facilitate our work in their fields. Eugene Greer of
   USGS supplied chironomid eggs for our lab work. Nick Blanchard and Zak
   Hoover helped collect and process field and laboratory data. Mary Ellen
   Komnath provided GIS support and Nichole Watson provided graphics
   support.
NR 42
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 3
BP 875
EP 883
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 535CO
UT WOS:000272944400010
ER

PT J
AU Morton, RA
   Bernier, JC
   Buster, NA
AF Morton, Robert A.
   Bernier, Julie C.
   Buster, Noreen A.
TI SIMPLE METHODS FOR EVALUATING ACCOMMODATION SPACE FORMATION IN COASTAL
   WETLANDS
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE core shortening; erosion; subsidence; wetland loss
ID SEDIMENTS; ELEVATION
AB Land-surface subsidence and erosion are the principal processes that form accommodation space in interior coastal wetlands when they are converted to open water. The relative contribution of subsidence and erosion to wetland loss can be estimated by comparing elevations and vertical offsets of stratigraphic contacts that are correlated between adjacent sediment cores. Accommodation-space measurements assume that wetland-sediment thicknesses and the elevation of stratigraphic contacts were originally nearly uniform over short horizontal distances (tens to hundreds of meters). The accommodation space attributable to erosion equals the difference in wetland-sediment thickness between wetland cores and adjacent open-water cores taken at formerly emergent wetland sites. The accommodation space attributable to subsidence equals the elevation difference of a stratigraphic marker correlated between the two cores using the wetland core as the reference standard. Together, subsidence plus erosion at an open-water core location equals the accommodation space created by land loss, which is the difference between the adjacent emergent wetland elevation and the existing water depth.
C1 [Morton, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
   [Bernier, Julie C.; Buster, Noreen A.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 130, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
EM rmorton@usgs.gov
FU U. S. Geological Survey
FX Funding for this study was provided by the U. S. Geological Survey
   Coastal and Marine Geology Program and Energy Resources Program. We
   thank Tom J. Smith III, Jeffrey Vincent, and three anonymous reviewers
   for constructive comments that improved the paper's content and clarity.
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 3
BP 997
EP 1003
PG 7
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 535CO
UT WOS:000272944400021
ER

PT J
AU Bantilan-Smith, M
   Bruland, GL
   MacKenzie, RA
   Henry, AR
   Ryder, CR
AF Bantilan-Smith, Meris
   Bruland, Gregory L.
   MacKenzie, Richard A.
   Henry, Adonia R.
   Ryder, Christina R.
TI A COMPARISON OF THE VEGETATION AND SOILS OF NATURAL, RESTORED, AND
   CREATED COASTAL LOWLAND WETLANDS IN HAWAI'I
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE creation; hydrologic gradient; invasive species; mitigation; restoration
ID ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER WETLANDS; SALT-MARSH; MITIGATION; RESTORATION;
   SALINITY; PLANT; URBANIZATION; PENNSYLVANIA; PHOSPHORUS
AB The loss of coastal wetlands throughout the Hawaiian Islands has increased the numbers of created (CW) and restored (RW) wetlands. An assessment of these wetlands has yet to occur, and it has not been determined whether CWs and RWs provide the same functions as natural wetlands (NWs). To address these concerns, vegetation and soil characteristics of 35 wetlands were compared within sites along hydrologic gradients and among sites with different surface water salinity and status (i.e., CW, RW, NW). Only 16 of 85 plant species identified were native and three of the four most abundant species were exotic. Vegetative characteristics differed primarily across salinity classes, then along hydrologic zones, and to a lesser extent among CWs, RWs, and NWs. Soil properties exhibited fewer differences across salinity classes and along hydrologic zones and greater differences among CWs, RWs, and NWs. The dominant presence of invasive species in coastal Hawaiian wetlands suggests that it will be difficult to locate reference sites that can be used as restoration targets. Differences in edaphic characteristics suggested that RWs/CWs do not exhibit the same functions as NWs. Future restoration and creation should include planting of native vegetation, controlling invasive vegetation, and alleviating inadequate soil conditions.
C1 [Bantilan-Smith, Meris; Bruland, Gregory L.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Bantilan-Smith, Meris] US Army Corps Engineers, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA.
   [MacKenzie, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
   [Henry, Adonia R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
   [Ryder, Christina R.] Ducks Unltd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Bantilan-Smith, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM bruland@hawaii.edu
FU EPA
FX We thank K. Peyton, Dr. D. Burney, M. Mitchell, T. Ka'iakapu, G. Blaich,
   Dr. D. Drigot, M. Silbernagle, S. Pelizza, D. Smith, J. Redunzle, G.
   Koob, H. deVries, A. Dibben- Young, S. Berkson, Dr. S. Fischer, G.
   Nakai, Dr. F. Duvall, D. Ivy, Dr. S. Beavers, R. Boston, J. Replogle, D.
   Riordan, and Propane Pete for help with sampling, site selection, and
   access, and Dr. D. Vasudevan, C. Browning, G. DeMent, D. Dunkell, C.
   Unser, B. Matatumua, and B. Bordeaux for field and laboratory
   assistance. N. Harbottle and the Bishop Museum Staff generously assisted
   with the plant identifications. Funding for this project was provided by
   the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region IX Wetland
   Program Development Grant program. Although this research has been
   funded by the EPA, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and
   therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no
   official endorsement should be inferred.
NR 54
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 4
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 3
BP 1023
EP 1035
PG 13
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 535CO
UT WOS:000272944400024
ER

PT J
AU Campbell, BD
   Haro, RJ
   Richardson, WB
AF Campbell, Benjamin D.
   Haro, Roger J.
   Richardson, William B.
TI EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE ON CHIRONOMID COMMUNITIES: COMPARISONS
   AMONG NATURAL WETLANDS AND FARM PONDS
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE cattle grazing; Driftless Area Ecoregion; invertebrates; southeastern
   Minnesota; taxonomic richness
ID NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; MACROINVERTEBRATES; EMERGENCE;
   PREDATION; SHALLOW; DIPTERA; BIOMASS; STREAMS; MARSH
AB Constructed farm ponds represent a major wetland habitat type in southeastern Minnesota. Farm ponds are subject to a variety of disturbances associated with agricultural land use, especially sedimentation and eutrophication. Chironomid community structure often reflects environmental changes in aquatic ecosystems. However, chironomid communities in farm ponds are poorly understood and their response to short-term increases in sedimentation and eutrophication remains undetermined. We studied relationships between pond-land cover condition and chironomid community structure. Of the 40 ponds selected for the study, 10 were natural, permanent palustrine wetlands. The remaining ponds were constructed habitats (i.e., farm ponds) with 10 in each of the following categories: non-grazed grassland, grazed grassland, and row crop agriculture. Larval chironomids and water quality parameters were collected during early, mid-, and late summer 2001. Total nitrogen concentrations were significantly greater and turbidity was generally greater in grazed grassland ponds as compared to all other pond types. Chironomid communities of grazed grassland ponds were characterized by lower taxonomic richness and abundant chironomids tolerant of increased sedimentation and nutrient enrichment (i.e., Chironomus and Glyptotendipes). This study determined that agricultural land use, particularly cattle grazing, can markedly affect pond water quality, thereby influencing the chironomid community structure in farm ponds.
C1 [Campbell, Benjamin D.; Haro, Roger J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA.
   [Campbell, Benjamin D.; Richardson, William B.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA.
RP Campbell, BD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA.
EM haro.roge@uwlax.edu
FU Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund; University of
   Wisconsin-La Crosse Office of Graduate Studies; Wisconsin Laboratory
   Association
FX Foundation work was funded by the Minnesota Environment and Natural
   Resources Trust Fund, as recommended by the Legislative Commission on
   Minnesota Resources, the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences
   Center, and the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative.
   Additional funding for this study was provided by the University of
   Wisconsin-La Crosse Office of Graduate Studies and the Wisconsin
   Laboratory Association. We thank M. Knutson, D. Sutherland, J. Saros, M.
   Brantner, S. Weick, S. Bourassa, J. Jahimiak, A. Kimball and N. Lexvold
   for their contributions to this study. In addition, we thank L.
   Ferrington from the University of Minnesota for his assistance with
   larval chironomid identification. B. Ickes and J. Sauer reviewed earlier
   drafts of our manuscript.
NR 46
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 26
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 3
BP 1070
EP 1080
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 535CO
UT WOS:000272944400028
ER

PT J
AU Herman-Brunson, KM
   Jensen, KC
   Kaczor, NW
   Swanson, CC
   Rumble, MA
   Klaver, RW
AF Herman-Brunson, Katie M.
   Jensen, Kent C.
   Kaczor, Nicholas W.
   Swanson, Christopher C.
   Rumble, Mark A.
   Klaver, Robert W.
TI Nesting ecology of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus at the
   eastern edge of their historic distribution
SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Centrocercus urophasianus; eastern range; edge of distribution; habitat;
   nesting; sage-grouse
ID VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; INFORMATION-THEORY; SURVIVAL;
   HABITAT; POPULATION; COVER; PREDATION; MONTANA; OREGON
AB Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus populations in North Dakota declined approximately 67% between 1965 and 2003, and the species is listed its a Priority Level I Species of Special Concern by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The habitat and ecology of the species at the eastern edge of its historical range is largely unknown. We investigated nest site selection by greater sage-grouse and nest survival in North Dakota during 2005 - 2006. Sage-grouse selected nest sites in sagebrush Artemisia spp. with more total vegetative cover, greater sagebrush density, and greater I-M Visual obstruction from the nest than at random sites. Height of grass and shrub (sagebrush) at nest sites were shorter than at random sites, because areas where sagebrush was common were sites in low seral condition or dense clay or clay-pan soils with low productivity. Constant survival estimates of incubated nests were 33% in 2005 and 30% in 2006. Variables that described the resource selection function for nests were not those that modeled nest survival. Nest Survival was positively influenced by percentage of shrub (sagebrush) cover and grass height. Daily nest survival decreased substantially when percentage of shrub cover declined below about 9% and when grass heights were less than about 16 cm. Daily nest Survival rates decreased with increased daily precipitation.
C1 [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA.
   [Herman-Brunson, Katie M.; Jensen, Kent C.; Kaczor, Nicholas W.; Swanson, Christopher C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
   [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Rumble, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 8221 S Highway 16, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA.
EM kherman20@hotmail.com; Kent.Jensen@sdstate.edu; Nicholas_Kaczor@blm.gov;
   christopher.swanson@sdstate.edu; mrumble@fs.fed.us; bklaver@usgs.gov
FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act [W-67-R]; North Dakota Game and
   Fish Department, Bureau of Land Management [ESA000013]; U.S. Forest
   Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [05-JV-11221609-127]; U.S.
   Forest Service Dakota prairie National Grasslands [05-CS-11011800-022];
   South Dakota State University
FX funding for our study was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife
   Restoration Act (W-67-R) through North Dakota Game and Fish Department,
   Bureau of Land Management (ESA000013), U.S. Forest Service, Rocky
   Mountain Research Station (05-JV-11221609-127), U.S. Forest Service
   Dakota prairie National Grasslands (05-CS-11011800-022) and support from
   South Dakota State University. Field assistance was provided by A.
   Geigle, D. Gardner, C. Berdan and T. Zachmeier. A number Of Volunteers
   assisted during capture and radio-collaring of hens and chicks. T. Apa
   assisted with training on trapping techniques. We also acknowledge and
   appreciate the landowners who granted LIS permission to conduct this
   study on their lands. R. King provided statistical advice and Support,
   and J. Connelly and C. Hagen provided comments to earlier drafts of this
   manuscript.
NR 56
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
PI RONDE
PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK
SN 0909-6396
J9 WILDLIFE BIOL
JI Wildlife Biol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 15
IS 3
BP 237
EP 246
DI 10.2981/09-005
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 511JK
UT WOS:000271160100002
ER

PT J
AU Wilkinson, FA
AF Wilkinson, Fiona A.
TI OBSERVATIONS ON THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE SILKY-TAILED NIGHTJAR
   (CAPRIMULGUS SERICOCAUDATUS MENGELI)
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB I found 15 nests of the Silky-tailed Nightjar (Caprimulgus sericocaudatus mengeli) from 1994 to 2004 at Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Mann National Park, Peru. Females and mates shared incubation and brooding duties with females on the nest during the day and males on at night. Nest relief occurred between 0300-0600 and 1800-2100 hrs. Two-egg clutches were placed on bare ground or on leaf-litter in more mature strands of forest. The semi-precocial young were mobile within 24 hrs of hatching and remained in the area with an adult through the fledgling stage. Both males and females feigned injury during incubation and brooding if disturbed. Three nesting sites were used for 5 years and another for 10 years, suggesting strong site fidelity and possibly a strong pair bond among long-lived individuals.
C1 Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
RP Wilkinson, FA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
EM wilkinsf@si.edu
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
EI 1938-5447
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 121
IS 3
BP 498
EP 505
DI 10.1676/05-103.1
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 492TM
UT WOS:000269682500006
ER

PT J
AU Griffin, AD
   Durbian, FE
   Easterla, DA
   Bell, RL
AF Griffin, Amanda D.
   Durbian, Francis E.
   Easterla, David A.
   Bell, Ronald L.
TI SPATIAL ECOLOGY OF BREEDING LEAST BITTERNS IN NORTHWEST MISSOURI
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TERRITORY SIZE; HOME-RANGE; DENSITY
AB We examined the spatial ecology of breeding Least Bitterns (Ixobrychus exilis) on Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge in northwest Missouri using radiotelemetry. We collected 1,585 locations for 60 individuals (28 males, 32 females) during 23 May-2 August 2005 and 6 June-18 July 2006. Pooled data for both males and females, and both years resulted in mean 50 and 95% fixed kernel home range use distributions of 37.6 (n = 25) and 223.2 ha (n = 25) for all individuals with >= 30 locations. The mean maximum distance traveled between telemetry observations was 2,147.1 m (n = 28). There were no differences in home range size or mobility between male and female Least Bitterns, although there were great variations between years with birds in 2006 using home ranges five time,, larger than those in 2005. Habitat use was disproportionate to availability with birds using sites with cattail (Typha spp.) and arrowhead (Sagittaria spp.) to a greater extent than available in both 2005 and 2006. One of eight pairs monitored successfully reared young, while females of seven other pairs renested with new mates. Apparent nesting success was low due to severe weather events and nest depredation. We did not observe double brooding. Our Study demonstrates that Least Bitterns are capable of using much larger home ranges than previously observed.
C1 [Griffin, Amanda D.; Easterla, David A.] NW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Maryville, MO 64468 USA.
   [Durbian, Francis E.; Bell, Ronald L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mound City, MO 64470 USA.
RP Durbian, FE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 158, Mound City, MO 64470 USA.
EM frank_durbian@fws.gov
FU Audubon Society of Missouri; Burroughs Audubon Society; Friends of Squaw
   Creek; Midland Empire Audubon Society; Missouri Department of
   Conservation; Mound City Foods; Mound City Kiwanis Club; Northwest
   Missouri State University; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Squaw Creek
   National Wildlife Refuge
FX Funding for this project was provided by The Audubon Society of
   Missouri, Burroughs Audubon Society, Friends of Squaw Creek, Midland
   Empire Audubon Society, Missouri Department of Conservation, Mound City
   Foods, Mound City Kiwanis Club, Northwest Missouri State University, and
   the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Squaw Creek National Wildlife
   Refuge. We are grateful for the assistance of Brian Lomas who aided in
   both years of research and helped shape the project. We are also greatly
   indebted to Northwest Missouri State interns, Justin Hamilton, Chris
   Owen, Jeremy Swope, and Erin Zorn for their efforts and long hours, as
   well as volunteers Nathan Peterson, Heather Bankie, and Andrea Cole as
   this project would not have been possible without their perseverance.
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 8
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 121
IS 3
BP 521
EP 527
DI 10.1676/07-164.1
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 492TM
UT WOS:000269682500009
ER

PT J
AU Handel, CM
   Swanson, SA
   Nigro, DA
   Matsuoka, SM
AF Handel, Colleen M.
   Swanson, Shelli A.
   Nigro, Debora A.
   Matsuoka, Steven M.
TI ESTIMATION OF AVIAN POPULATION SIZES AND SPECIES RICHNESS ACROSS A
   BOREAL LANDSCAPE IN ALASKA
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITY; BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; POINT-COUNT
   SURVEYS; HABITAT USE; RELATIVE-ABUNDANCE; FOREST; NORTH; DIVERSITY;
   WESTERN; VEGETATION
AB We studied the distribution of birds breeding within five ecological landforms in Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, a 10,194-km(2) roadless conservation unit on the Alaska-Canada border in the boreal forest zone. Passerines dominated the avifauna numerically, comprising 97% of individuals surveyed but less than half of the 115 species recorded in the Preserve. We used distance-sampling and discrete-removal models to estimate detection probabilities, densities, and population sizes across the Preserve for 23 species of migrant passerines and five species of resident passerines. Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica coronata) and Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) were the most abundant species, together accounting for 41% of the migrant passerine populations estimated. White-winged Crossbills (Loxia leucoptera), Boreal Chickadees (Poecile hudsonica), and Gray Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) were the most abundant residents. Species richness was greatest in the Floodplain/Terrace landform flanking the Yukon River but densities were highest in the Subalpine landform. Species composition was related to past glacial history and current physiography of the region and differed notably from other areas of the northwestern boreal forest. Point-transect surveys, augmented with auxiliary observations, were well suited to sampling the largely passerine avifauna across this rugged landscape and could be used across the boreal forest region to monitor changes in northern bird distribution and abundance.
C1 [Handel, Colleen M.; Matsuoka, Steven M.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
   [Swanson, Shelli A.; Nigro, Debora A.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
RP Handel, CM (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM cmhandel@usgs.gov
OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408
FU National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program; USGS Alaska
   Science Center
FX Funding for this study was provided through the National Park Service
   Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the USGS Alaska Science Center. We
   thank S. E. Andersen, J. S. Bolis, S. J. Cashen, S. A. Cox, R. G. Drum,
   G. V. Frost, N. X. Guldager, P. C. McKee, J. R. Porter, T. A. Rinaldi,
   and T. R. Walker for assistance in conducting surveys. We thank John
   Terenzi for assistance in preparing maps. D. K. Swanson provided
   unpublished data, valuable support, analytical help, and editorial
   comments on this paper. J. L. Britton, M. N. Cady, C. S. Machtans, R. E.
   Gill Jr., J. A. Johnson, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful
   comments on earlier drafts.
NR 91
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 17
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
EI 1938-5447
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 121
IS 3
BP 528
EP 547
DI 10.1676/08-067.1
PG 20
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 492TM
UT WOS:000269682500010
ER

PT J
AU Rosenfield, RN
   Bielefeldt, J
   Rosenfield, LJ
   Booms, TL
   Bozek, MA
AF Rosenfield, Robert N.
   Bielefeldt, John
   Rosenfield, Laura J.
   Booms, Travis L.
   Bozek, Michael A.
TI SURVIVAL RATES AND LIFETIME REPRODUCTION OF BREEDING MALE COOPER'S HAWKS
   IN WISCONSIN, 1980-2005
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; SUCCESS; BIOLOGY; GOSHAWK; AGE
AB There are few published data on annual survival and no reports of lifetime reproduction for breeding Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii). Breeding males (n = 105) in central and southeastern Wisconsin had an annual mortality rate of 19%, or a survival rate of 81% for birds <= 10 years of age. We did not detect significant differences in mortality rates between urban and rural habitats, nor between the earlier 13 years and later 13 years of this study. Male Cooper's Hawks produced from zero to 32 nestlings during their lifetimes. Body mass or size appeared unrelated to annual survivorship and lifetime reproduction, although lifetime reproduction was correlated strongly with longevity of breeding males. Fifteen of 66 males (23%) produced most (53%) of the nestlings. Our studies occurred in an area where breeding populations may be increasing with some of the highest reported productivity indices and nesting densities for this species. Habitat used for nesting on our Wisconsin study areas may be less important for survivorship and lifetime reproduction than acquisition of a nesting area in which a male will breed throughout his life.
C1 [Rosenfield, Robert N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
   [Rosenfield, Laura J.] Univ Wisconsin, Admiss Off, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
   [Booms, Travis L.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Nongame Program, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
   [Bozek, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
RP Rosenfield, RN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
EM rrosenfi@uwsp.edu
FU Biology Department, Personnel Development Committee, Letters and Science
   Foundation; Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at the
   University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point; Bureau of Endangered Resources
   at the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Society for
   Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus, Ltd.; Great Lakes Falconers Association
FX We thank D. A. Grosshuesch, M. J. Gibson, C. M. Morasky, J. M. Papp, S.
   A. Sonsthagen, and K. L. Taft for their longterm support and field
   assistance, and Tim Ginnett and E. R. Keyel for advice. The entire staff
   of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Wisconsin Department of Natural
   Resources aided our work in many ways. Funding was provided by the
   Biology Department, Personnel Development Committee, Letters and Science
   Foundation, and the Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at the
   University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point, the Bureau of Endangered
   Resources at the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Society
   for Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus, Ltd., and the Great Lakes Falconers
   Association. This paper was improved by the comments of R. W. Mannan,
   Karen Steenhof, and an anonymous reviewer.
NR 35
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 9
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 121
IS 3
BP 610
EP 617
DI 10.1676/08-149.1
PG 8
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 492TM
UT WOS:000269682500017
ER

PT J
AU Wong, MML
   Fedy, BC
   Wilson, S
   Martin, KM
AF Wong, Mark M. L.
   Fedy, Brad C.
   Wilson, Scott
   Martin, Kathy M.
TI Adoption in Rock and White-tailed Ptarmigan
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INTRASPECIFIC NEST PARASITISM; BROOD AMALGAMATION; POULT ADOPTION;
   GOOSE; YOUNG; ABANDONMENT; HYPOTHESES; SURVIVAL; CANADA; GROUSE
AB Reports of adoption in birds are widespread, but few studies report rates of adoption or possible mechanisms for this phenomenon, particularly in the Order Galliformes. We report incidents of adoption in Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and White-tailed Ptarmigan (L. leucura) from two sites in western Canada. Adoption rates for White-tailed Ptarmigan on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and the Ruby Ranges, Yukon Territory were 13% (n = 16 broods) and 4% (n = 27), respectively, while rates for Rock Ptarmigan were 14% (n = 29) in the Ruby Ranges. Low brood densities may result in lower rates of adoption for ptarmigan.
C1 [Wong, Mark M. L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
   [Fedy, Brad C.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   [Wilson, Scott] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA.
   [Martin, Kathy M.] Univ British Columbia, Forest Sci Ctr, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Wong, MML (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
EM mmwong1@ualberta.ca
OI Fedy, Bradley/0000-0003-3933-4043
FU Upland Birds Society; Northern Scientific Training Program; Natural
   Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
FX We thank Danielle Dagenais, Amy Wilson, Sabine Nouvet, and Alana Clason
   for assistance in the field. We are also grateful to D. S. Hik, Andy and
   Sian Williams, and Lance Goodwin for logistical support at Pika Camp and
   the Arctic Institute of North America at Kluane Lake. Financial support
   was provided by the Upland Birds Society, Northern Scientific Training
   Program, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
   grants to Kathy Martin, B. C. Fedy, and Scott Wilson,
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 121
IS 3
BP 638
EP 641
DI 10.1676/08-029.1
PG 4
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 492TM
UT WOS:000269682500024
ER

PT J
AU Rosenfield, RN
   Taft, SJ
   Stout, WE
   Driscoll, TG
   Evans, DL
   Bozek, MA
AF Rosenfield, Robert N.
   Taft, Stephen J.
   Stout, William E.
   Driscoll, Timothy G.
   Evans, David L.
   Bozek, Michael A.
TI Low Prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in Urban and Migratory Cooper's
   Hawks in Northcentral North America
SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WISCONSIN; ARIZONA
AB Trichomoniasis is a digestive tract disease caused by ingestion of the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae. This disease can be a significant source of mortality. No deaths of nestlings could be attributed to trichomoniasis in Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) breeding in urban and rural environs in Wisconsin, North Dakota, and British Columbia. We detected T. gallinae in four (5.2%) of 77 nestling Cooper's Hawks during 2006 and 2007 among 42 urban nests on new study areas in southeast Wisconsin and eastern North Dakota/western Minnesota. All four infected young fledged. We did not detect T. gallinae in 52 breeding adult Cooper's Hawks on two urban study sites, nor in 28 migrant hatching year (it = 24) and adult (n = 4) Cooper's Hawks at Hawk Ridge Bird Observatory, Duluth, Minnesota in 2006-2007. Overall, we detected T. gallinae in only 2.5% of 157 Cooper's Hawks in northcentral North America. These results suggest a low prevalence of T. gallinae in Cooper's Hawks in the northern part of this hawk's breeding range.
C1 [Rosenfield, Robert N.; Taft, Stephen J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
   [Driscoll, Timothy G.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Sociol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
   [Evans, David L.] Hawk Ridge Bird Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
   [Bozek, Michael A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
RP Rosenfield, RN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
EM rrosenfi@uwsp.edu
FU Wisconsin Society for Ornithology and the Biology Department; Personnel
   Development Committee; Letters and Science Enhancement Fund; Wisconsin
   Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at the University of Wisconsin,
   Stevens Point
FX We thank C. L. Floden, K. A. Rundquist, and R. B. Stephens for field
   assistance, and the many citizens and landowners of Grand Forks, North
   Dakota, East Grand Forks, Minnesota, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin for
   support and/or access to their lands. Funding for our field work was
   provided by the Wisconsin Society for Ornithology and the Biology
   Department, the Personnel Development Committee, the Letters and Science
   Enhancement Fund, and the Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit at
   the University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. This manuscript was improved
   by the comments of John Bielefeldt, J. H. Enderson, and R. W. Mannan.
NR 12
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA
SN 1559-4491
J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL
JI Wilson J. Ornithol.
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 121
IS 3
BP 641
EP 644
DI 10.1676/08-148.1
PG 4
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 492TM
UT WOS:000269682500025
ER

PT J
AU Poulson, SR
   Sullivan, AB
AF Poulson, Simon R.
   Sullivan, Annett B.
TI Assessment of diel chemical and isotopic techniques to investigate
   biogeochemical cycles in the upper Klamath River, Oregon, USA
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Diel; Cycle; Dissolved; oxygen; Carbon; Isotopes
ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; SURFICIAL OXYGEN-TRANSFER; STABLE-ISOTOPES;
   COMMUNITY RESPIRATION; AQUATIC METABOLISM; GAS TRANSFER; FRESH-WATER;
   LAKE-ERIE; FRACTIONATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS
AB The upper Klamath River experiences a cyanobacterial algal bloom and poor water quality during the summer. Diel chemical and isotopic techniques have been employed in order to investigate the rates of biogeochemical processes.
   Four diel measurements of field parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and alkalinity) and stable isotope compositions (dissolved oxygen-delta(18)O and dissolved inorganic carbon-delta(13)C) have been performed between June 2007 and August 2008. Significant diel variations of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and DO-delta(18)O were observed, due to varying rates of primary productivity vs. respiration vs. gas exchange with air. Diel cycles are generally similar to those previously observed in river systems. although there are also differences compared to previous studies. In large part, these different diel signatures are the result of the low turbulence of the upper Klamath River. Observed changes in the diel signatures vs. sampling date reflect the evolution of the status of the algal bloom over the course of the summer. Results indicate the potential utility of applying diel chemical and stable isotope techniques to investigate the rates of biogeochemical cycles in slow-moving rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, but also illustrate the increased complexity of stable isotope dynamics in these low-turbulence systems compared to well-mixed aquatic systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Poulson, Simon R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
   [Sullivan, Annett B.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
RP Poulson, SR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, MS-172,1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
EM poulson@mines.unr.edu
FU NSF [EAR-0738912]; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Geological Survey
FX This research has been supported by funding from NSF grant EAR-0738912,
   from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and from the U.S. Geological
   Survey. Use of the provisional data from the mid-river sonde deployed by
   the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is gratefully acknowledged. Any use of
   trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
   not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The manuscript has
   benefited from reviews by Stephen Hinkle, David Nimick, Steve Silva and
   an anonymous reviewer. The authors are extremely grateful to Tim Drever
   for his wise guidance, infectious enthusiasm, boundless energy, and
   collegial camaraderie that they both enjoyed during their time at the
   University of Wyoming, as a post-doctoral researcher (SRP) and as a PhD
   graduate student (ABS).
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD AUG 30
PY 2009
VL 266
IS 3-4
BP 114
EP 122
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.016
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 500ZS
UT WOS:000270346400002
ER

PT J
AU Barnes, RT
   Raymond, PA
AF Barnes, Rebecca T.
   Raymond, Peter A.
TI The contribution of agricultural and urban activities to inorganic
   carbon fluxes within temperate watersheds
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Dissolved inorganic carbon; delta(13)C; Land use change; Watersheds;
   Weathering; Nitrification; Riverine flux
ID RIVER-BASIN; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; DIOXIDE;
   STREAM; CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; IMPACT
AB The lateral transport of bicarbonate as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the oceans is an integral component of the global carbon budget and can represent the sequestration of CO(2) from the atmosphere. Recently studies have implicated land use change, in particular agricultural development, as an accelerator of bicarbonate export. However, due to the co-variation of land use, bedrock and surficial geologies, and the relationship between bicarbonate export and climate, the impact of anthropogenic activities on DIC export remains an important research question. In order to examine the land use controls on DIC export from small temperate watersheds we sampled 19 streams draining catchments of varying land uses with similar bedrock and surficial geologies. In addition to an agricultural effect, there was a strong correlation between the percent of watershed in urban development and DIC concentrations and DIC yields. Urban watersheds exported 7.8 times more DIC than their nearby forested counterparts and 2.0 times more DIC than nearby agricultural catchments. Isotopic data suggest that excess DIC export from altered systems results from increased chemical weathering, enhanced CO(2) production within urban green spaces, and as a result of organic matter loading from septic systems and leaky sewer lines. Furthermore, we found that nitrogen additions (e.g. fertilizers and manure) are aiding in the dissolution of lime, increasing the total export of DIC from agricultural watersheds. Calculated anthropogenic loading rates ranged from 0.43 to 0.86 mol C m(-2) yr(-1). These loading rates suggest that a significant portion of global DIC export might be attributable to human activities, although the impacts on CO(2) sequestration are difficult to determine. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Barnes, Rebecca T.; Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
RP Barnes, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM becca.barnes@gmail.com
RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Barnes, Rebecca/A-2659-2011
OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Barnes, Rebecca/0000-0001-6385-1062
FU EPA STAR Fellowship [FP-91637501-1]; QLF/The Sound Conservancy; NSF
   [DEB-0614282, OCE-0423565, BCS-0709685]
FX We would like to thank G. Olack for his assistance with the measurement
   of delta<SUP>13</SUP>C and K. Mull, D. Butman, D. Karwan, M. Bozeman, B.
   Feingold, and C. May for assistance in the field; and J.I. Drever for
   providing valuable comments on an earlier draft. Funding for this work
   was provided by an EPA STAR Fellowship (FP-91637501-1) and a grant from
   QLF/The Sound Conservancy to RTB and the following NSF grants to the
   PIE-LTER: DEB-0614282, OCE-0423565, BCS-0709685.
NR 58
TC 54
Z9 69
U1 10
U2 55
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD AUG 30
PY 2009
VL 266
IS 3-4
BP 318
EP 327
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.06.018
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 500ZS
UT WOS:000270346400019
ER

PT J
AU Major, JJ
   Dzurisin, D
   Schilling, SP
   Poland, MP
AF Major, J. J.
   Dzurisin, D.
   Schilling, S. P.
   Poland, M. P.
TI Monitoring lava-dome growth during the 2004-2008 Mount St. Helens,
   Washington, eruption using oblique terrestrial photography
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mount St. Helens; eruption monitoring; lava dome; oblique terrestrial
   photogrammetry; growth kinematics
ID GROUND DEFORMATION; ENDOGENOUS GROWTH; MERAPI VOLCANO; UNZEN; JAPAN;
   SATELLITE; STRAIN; GPS
AB We present an analysis of lava dome growth during the 2004-2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens using oblique terrestrial images from a network of remotely placed cameras. This underutilized monitoring tool augmented more traditional monitoring techniques, and was used to provide a robust assessment of the nature, pace, and state of the eruption and to quantify the kinematics of dome growth. Eruption monitoring using terrestrial photography began with a single camera deployed at the mouth of the volcano's crater during the first year of activity. Analysis of those images indicates that the average lineal extrusion rate decayed approximately logarithmically from about 8 m/d to about 2 m/d (+/-2 m/d) from November 2004 through December 2005, and suggests that the extrusion rate fluctuated on time scales of days to weeks. From May 2006 through September 2007, imagery from multiple cameras deployed around the volcano allowed determination of 3-dimensional motion across the dome complex. Analysis of the multi-camera imagery shows spatially differential, but remarkably steady to gradually slowing, motion, from about 1-2 m/d from May through October 2006, to about 0.2-1.0 m/d from May through September 2007. In contrast to the fluctuations in lineal extrusion rate documented during the first year of eruption, dome motion from May 2006 through September 2007 was monotonic (+/-0.10 m/d) to gradually slowing on time scales of weeks to months. The ability to measure spatial and temporal rates of motion of the effusing lava dome from oblique terrestrial photographs provided a significant, and sometimes the sole, means of identifying and quantifying dome growth during the eruption, and it demonstrates the utility of using frequent, long-term terrestrial photography to monitor and study volcanic eruptions. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Major, J. J.; Dzurisin, D.; Schilling, S. P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Major, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
EM jjmajor@usgs.gov
OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123; Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466
NR 48
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD AUG 30
PY 2009
VL 286
IS 1-2
BP 243
EP 254
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.034
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 504WB
UT WOS:000270647500023
ER

PT J
AU Chesser, RT
   Claramunt, S
   Derryberry, E
   Brumfield, RT
AF Chesser, R. Terry
   Claramunt, Santiago
   Derryberry, Elizabeth
   Brumfield, Robb T.
TI Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes:
   Furnariidae)
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Letter
ID UPUCERTHIA; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION
C1 [Chesser, R. Terry] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
   [Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Elizabeth; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Claramunt, Santiago; Derryberry, Elizabeth; Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
RI Derryberry, Elizabeth/C-2396-2011; 
OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD AUG 28
PY 2009
IS 2213
BP 64
EP 68
PG 5
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 489SK
UT WOS:000269442500004
ER

PT J
AU Poland, MP
   Sutton, AJ
   Gerlach, TM
AF Poland, Michael P.
   Sutton, A. Jeff
   Gerlach, Terrence M.
TI Magma degassing triggered by static decompression at Kilauea Volcano,
   Hawai'i
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUMMIT RESERVOIR; EMISSIONS; CALDERA; STORAGE; SULFUR; CARBON
AB During mid-June 2007, the summit of Kiwlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, deflated rapidly as magma drained from the subsurface to feed an east rift zone intrusion and eruption. Coincident with the deflation, summit SO(2) emission rates rose by a factor of four before decaying to background levels over several weeks. We propose that SO(2) release was triggered by static decompression caused by magma withdrawal from Kilauea's shallow summit reservoir. Models of the deflation suggest a pressure drop of 0.5-3 MPa, which is sufficient to trigger exsolution of the observed excess SO(2) from a relatively small volume of magma at the modeled source depth beneath Kilauea's summit. Static decompression may also explain other episodes of deflation accompanied by heightened gas emission, including the precursory phases of Kilauea's 2008 summit eruption. Hazards associated with unexpected volcanic gas emission argue for increased awareness of magma reservoir pressure fluctuations. Citation: Poland, M. P., A. J. Sutton, and T. M. Gerlach (2009), Magma degassing triggered by static decompression at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16306, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039214.
C1 [Poland, Michael P.; Sutton, A. Jeff] US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
   [Gerlach, Terrence M.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Poland, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA.
EM mpoland@usgs.gov; ajsutton@usgs.gov; tgerlach@usgs.gov
OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123
NR 24
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 27
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L16306
DI 10.1029/2009GL039214
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 488KM
UT WOS:000269348500004
ER

PT J
AU Prettyman, TH
   Feldman, WC
   Titus, TN
AF Prettyman, Thomas H.
   Feldman, William C.
   Titus, Timothy N.
TI Characterization of Mars' seasonal caps using neutron spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARTIAN SURFACE; GROUND ICE; ODYSSEY; TES; CO2; PRESSURE; CYCLE;
   TEMPERATURES; SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY
AB Mars' seasonal caps are characterized during Mars years 26 and 27 (April 2002 to January 2006) using data acquired by the 2001 Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. Time-dependent maps of the column abundance of seasonal CO2 surface ice poleward of 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres are determined from spatially deconvolved, epithermal neutron counting data. Sources of systematic error are analyzed, including spatial blurring by the spectrometer's broad footprint and the seasonal variations in the abundance of noncondensable gas at high southern latitudes, which are found to be consistent with results reported by Sprague et al. (2004, 2007). Corrections for spatial blurring are found to be important during the recession, when the column abundance of seasonal CO2 ice has the largest latitude gradient. The measured distribution and inventory of seasonal CO2 ice is compared to simulations by a general circulation model (GCM) calibrated using Viking lander pressure data, cap edge functions determined by thermal emission spectroscopy, and other nuclear spectroscopy data sets. On the basis of the amount of CO2 cycled through the caps during years 26 and 27, the gross polar energy balance has not changed significantly since Viking. The distribution of seasonal CO2 ice is longitudinally asymmetric: in the north, deposition rates of CO2 ice are elevated in Acidalia, which is exposed to katabatic winds from Chasma Borealis; in the south, CO2 deposition is highest near the residual cap. During southern recession, CO2 ice is present longer than calculated by the GCM, which has implications for the local polar energy balance.
C1 [Prettyman, Thomas H.; Feldman, William C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
   [Titus, Timothy N.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Prettyman, TH (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM prettyman@psi.edu
OI Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831
FU NASA Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist program; NASA Ames Research
   Center; Jim Murphy of New Mexico State University, Department of
   Astronomy
FX Funding was provided by the NASA Mars Odyssey Participating Scientist
   program. The ongoing development and maintenance of the Mars GCM by the
   NASA Ames Research Center is greatly appreciated. GCM simulations
   reported here were carried out by Jim Murphy of New Mexico State
   University, Department of Astronomy. This work benefited considerably
   from thorough reviews by David J. Lawrence of the Johns Hopkins
   University Applied Physics Laboratory and an anonymous referee. The
   neutron spectrometer is a subsystem of the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on
   2001 Mars Odyssey.
NR 61
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD AUG 27
PY 2009
VL 114
AR E08005
DI 10.1029/2008JE003275
PG 25
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 488MM
UT WOS:000269353900001
ER

PT J
AU Das, T
   Hidalgo, HG
   Dettinger, MD
   Cayan, DR
   Pierce, DW
   Bonfils, C
   Barnett, TP
   Bala, G
   Mirin, A
AF Das, T.
   Hidalgo, H. G.
   Dettinger, M. D.
   Cayan, D. R.
   Pierce, D. W.
   Bonfils, C.
   Barnett, T. P.
   Bala, G.
   Mirin, A.
TI Structure and Detectability of Trends in Hydrological Measures over the
   Western United States
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE TRENDS; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN;
   CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; GREENHOUSE-GAS;
   SOIL-MOISTURE; MODEL; PRECIPITATION
AB This study examines the geographic structure of observed trends in key hydrologically relevant variables across the western United States at (1)/(8)degrees spatial resolution during the period 1950-99. Geographical regions, latitude bands, and elevation classes where these trends are statistically significantly different from trends associated with natural climate variations are identified. Variables analyzed include late-winter and spring temperature, winter-total snowy days as a fraction of winter-total wet days, 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) as a fraction of October-March (ONDJFM) precipitation total [precip(ONDJFM)], and seasonal [JFM] accumulated runoff as a fraction of water-year accumulated runoff. Observed changes were compared to natural internal climate variability simulated by an 850-yr control run of the finite volume version of the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3-FV), statistically downscaled to a (1)/(8)degrees grid using the method of constructed analogs. Both observed and downscaled model temperature and precipitation data were then used to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model to obtain the hydrological variables analyzed in this study. Large trends (magnitudes found less than 5% of the time in the long control run) are common in the observations and occupy a substantial part (37%-42%) of the mountainous western United States. These trends are strongly related to the large-scale warming that appears over 89% of the domain. The strongest changes in the hydrologic variables, unlikely to be associated with natural variability alone, have occurred at medium elevations [750-2500 m for JFM runoff fractions and 500-3000 m for SWE/Precip(ONDJFM)] where warming has pushed temperatures from slightly below to slightly above freezing. Further analysis using the data on selected catchments indicates that hydroclimatic variables must have changed significantly (at 95% confidence level) over at least 45% of the total catchment area to achieve a detectable trend in measures accumulated to the catchment scale.
C1 [Das, T.] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA.
   [Bonfils, C.; Bala, G.; Mirin, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Das, T (reprint author), UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM tadas@ucsd.edu
RI Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012; 
OI Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742
FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory through a LDRD
FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and Guido Salvucci, editor for the
   Journal of Hydrometeorology, for their constructive suggestions. This
   work was supported by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory through
   a LDRD grant to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) via the
   San Diego Supercomputer Center for the LUCiD project. The USGS provided
   salary support for MD and DC. The Scripps Institution of Oceanography
   and the California Energy Com-mission PIER Program, through the
   California Climate Change Center, provided partial salary support for
   DC, DP, and HH. The NOAA RISA Program provided partial salary support
   for DC, Mary Tyree, and Jennifer Johns at SIO. The Programfor
   ClimateModel Diagnosis and Intercomparison ( PCMDI) supported CB and GB
   ( the former via a DOE Distinguished Scientist Fellowship awarded to B.
   Santer). TD was partially supported by a CALFED Bay-Delta Program-funded
   postdoctoral fellowship grant. We thank Andrew W. Wood, Alan Hamlet,
   Dennis Lettenmaier at the University of Washington, and Edwin P. Maurer
   at Santa Clara University for sharing VIC and VIC input data. The
   authors thank Mary Tyree for her support in processing some of the data.
   We thank Jennifer Johns for her comments on the initial version of the
   manuscript.
NR 64
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD AUG 25
PY 2009
VL 10
IS 4
BP 871
EP 892
DI 10.1175/2009JHM1095.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 487HO
UT WOS:000269262800003
ER

PT J
AU Thomas, JN
   Love, JJ
   Johnston, MJS
   Yumoto, K
AF Thomas, Jeremy N.
   Love, Jeffrey J.
   Johnston, Malcolm J. S.
   Yumoto, Kiyohumi
TI On the reported magnetic precursor of the 1993 Guam earthquake
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; FIELD MEASUREMENTS; ELECTROMAGNETIC PRECURSORS;
   EPICENTER; PERIOD; JAPAN
AB Using 1-second magnetometer data recorded 67 km from the epicenter of the 1993 M(w) 7.7 Guam earthquake, Hayakawa et al. (1996) and Miyahara et al. (1999) identify anomalous precursory changes in ultra-low frequency magnetic polarization (the ratio of vertical to horizontal field components). In a check of their results, we compare their data (GAM) with 1-second data from the Kakioka observatory (KAK) in Japan and the global magnetic activity index Kp. We also examine log books kept by USGS staff working on the Guam magnetic observatory. We find (1) analysis problems with both Hayakawa et al. and Miyahara et al., (2) significant correlation between the GAM, KAK, and Kp data, and (3) an absence of identifiable localized anomalous signals occurring prior to the earthquake. The changes we do find in polarization are part of normal global magnetic activity; they are unrelated to the earthquake. Citation: Thomas, J. N., J. J. Love, M. J. S. Johnston, and K. Yumoto (2009), On the reported magnetic precursor of the 1993 Guam earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16301, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039020.
C1 [Thomas, Jeremy N.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Thomas, Jeremy N.; Love, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Johnston, Malcolm J. S.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Yumoto, Kiyohumi] Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan.
RP Thomas, JN (reprint author), Bard High Sch Early Coll Queens, Dept Phys, 30-20 Thomson Ave, Long Isl City, NY 11101 USA.
EM jnt@u.washington.edu
RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013
OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348
FU USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship
FX We thank S. Abe for providing the GAM 1-second data from the
   210-Magnetic Meridian sensor on Guam. We thank M. Nose and T. Iyemori of
   the Kyoto World Data Center for supplying the Kakioka data, and we
   express our appreciation to the Japan Meteorological Agency for
   supporting the long-term operation of the Kakioka magnetic observatory.
   We thank R. W. Briggs, A. J. Crone, and J. W. Dewey for reviewing a
   draft manuscript. We thank P. M. Hattori for his support in operating
   the Guam USGS observatory. J. N. T. was supported by a USGS Mendenhall
   Postdoctoral Fellowship.
NR 26
TC 30
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 21
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L16301
DI 10.1029/2009GL039020
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 487AZ
UT WOS:000269244100003
ER

PT J
AU Noble, M
   Jones, B
   Hamilton, P
   Xu, JP
   Robertson, G
   Rosenfeld, L
   Largier, J
AF Noble, Marlene
   Jones, Burt
   Hamilton, Peter
   Xu, Jingping
   Robertson, George
   Rosenfeld, Leslie
   Largier, John
TI Cross-shelf transport into nearshore waters due to shoaling internal
   tides in San Pedro Bay, CA
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Internal tides; Nonlinear internal waves; Stratification; Cross-shelf
   transport; Continental shelf processes; USA; San Pedro Shelf
ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; SURF ZONE; SOUTHERN
   CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF;
   TIDAL CURRENTS; OCEAN OUTFALL; RUN-UP
AB In the summer of 2001, a coastal ocean measurement program in the southeastern portion of San Pedro Bay, CA, was designed and carried out. One aim of the program was to determine the strength and effectiveness of local cross-shelf transport processes. A particular objective was to assess the ability of semidiurnal internal tidal currents to move suspended material a net distance a cross the shelf. Hence, a dense array of moorings was deployed across the shelf to monitor the transport patterns associated with fluctuations in currents, temperature and salinity. An associated hydrographic program periodically monitored synoptic changes in the spatial patterns of temperature, salinity, nutrients and bacteria. This set of measurements show that a series of energetic internal tide scan, but do not always, transport subthermocline water, dissolved and suspended material from the middle of the shelf into the surfzone. Effective cross-shelf transport occurs only when (1) internal tides at the shelf break are strong and (2) subtidal currents flow strongly down coast. The subtidal down coast flow causes isotherms to tilt upward toward the coast, which allows energetic, nonlinear internal tidal currents to carry subthermocline waters into the surfzone. During these events, which may last for several days, the transported water remains in the surfzone until the internal tidal current pulses and/or the down coast subtidal currents disappear. This nonlinear internal tide cross-shelf transport process was capable of carrying water and the associated suspended or dissolved material from the mid-shelf into the surfzone, but there were no observation of transport from the shelf break into the surfzone. Dissolved nutrients and suspended particulates (such as phytoplankton) transported from the mid-shelf into the near shore region by nonlinear internal tides may contribute to near shore algal blooms, including harmful algal blooms that occur off local beaches. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Noble, Marlene; Xu, Jingping] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Jones, Burt] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Hamilton, Peter] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC USA.
   [Robertson, George] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Huntington Beach, CA USA.
   [Rosenfeld, Leslie] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
   [Largier, John] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Noble, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mnoble@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey; National Ocean Service; Naval Postgraduate School,
   University of Southern California; Scripps Institution of Oceanography;
   US Geological Survey and Science Applications International Corporation
FX Many agencies and institutions participated in portions of the above
   studies. The authors would like to thank the Orange County Sanitation
   District, which funded much of the field work and analysis in this
   study, the US Geological Survey, which also contributed resources to
   this study, and the National Ocean Service for some of the sea-level
   data. Many individuals at the Naval Postgraduate School, University of
   Southern California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US Geological
   Survey and Science Applications International Corporation, also
   contributed to the multifaceted and successful field program.
NR 42
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD AUG 20
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 15
BP 1768
EP 1785
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2009.04.008
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 536RP
UT WOS:000273061800002
ER

PT J
AU Reifel, KM
   Johnson, SC
   DiGiacomo, PM
   Mengel, MJ
   Nezlin, NP
   Warrick, JA
   Jones, BH
AF Reifel, Kristen M.
   Johnson, Scott C.
   DiGiacomo, Paul M.
   Mengel, Michael J.
   Nezlin, Nikolay P.
   Warrick, Jonathan A.
   Jones, Burton H.
TI Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight:
   Relationships among plume constituents
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Colored dissolved organic matter; Fecal indicator bacteria; Beam
   attenuation; Water quality; Remote sensing; Southern California Bight;
   32 degrees 00 ' N-34 degrees 30 ' N; 120 degrees 00 ' W-117 degrees 00 '
   W
ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INDICATOR BACTERIA;
   SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; DETECTION LIMITS; RIVER PLUME; MONICA BAY; WATER;
   OCEAN; COLOR
AB The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight '03 program during February 2004 and February-March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river discharges: the Santa Clara River, Ballona Creek, the San Pedro Shelf (including the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers), the San Diego River, and the Tijuana River. Exceedances of bacterial standards were observed in most of the systems. However, the areas of impact were generally spatially limited, and contaminant concentrations decreased below California Ocean Plan standards typically within 2-3 days. The largest bacterial concentrations occurred in the Tijuana River system where exceedances of fecal indicator bacteria were noted well away from the river mouth. Maximum nitrate concentrations (similar to 40 mu M) occurred in the San Pedro Shelf region near the mouth of the Los Angeles River. Based on the results of general linear models, individual sources of storm water differ in both nutrient concentrations and the concentration and composition of fecal indicator bacteria. While nutrients appeared to decrease in plume waters due to simple mixing and dilution, the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria inplumes depends on more than loading and dilution rates. The relationships between contaminants (nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria) and plume indicators (salinity and total suspended solids) were not strong indicating the presence of other potentially important sources and/or sinks of both nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria. California Ocean Plan standards were of ten exceeded in waters containing greater than 10% storm water (<28-30 salinity range). The median concentration dropped below the standard in the 32-33 salinity range (1-4% stormwater) for total coliforms and Enterococcus spp. and in the 28-30 salinity range (10-16% stormwater) for fecal coliforms. Nutrients showed a similar pattern with the highest median concentrations in water with greater than 10% stormwater. Relationships between colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and salinity and between total suspended solids and beam attenuation indicate that readily measurable, optically active variables can be used as proxies to provide at least a qualitative, if not quantitative, evaluation of the distribution of the dissolved, as well as the particulate, components of stormwater plumes. In this context, both CDOM absorption and the beam attenuation coefficient can be derived from satellite ocean color measurements of inherent optical properties suggesting that remote sensing of ocean color should be useful in mapping the spatial are as and durations of impacts from these contaminants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Reifel, Kristen M.; Jones, Burton H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Johnson, Scott C.] Aquat Bioassay & Consulting Labs, Ventura, CA 93001 USA.
   [DiGiacomo, Paul M.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
   [Mengel, Michael J.] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA.
   [Nezlin, Nikolay P.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA.
   [Warrick, Jonathan A.] USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Reifel, KM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM kreifel@usc.edu
RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Liu, Cheng-Chien/E-4859-2011; Reifel,
   Kristen/J-7052-2014
OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; Reifel, Kristen/0000-0002-2394-9185
NR 56
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 5
U2 24
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
EI 1873-6955
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD AUG 20
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 15
BP 1821
EP 1835
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.011
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 536RP
UT WOS:000273061800007
ER

PT J
AU Sileny, J
   Hill, DP
   Eisner, L
   Cornet, FH
AF Sileny, Jan
   Hill, David P.
   Eisner, Leo
   Cornet, Francois H.
TI Non-double-couple mechanisms of microearthquakes induced by hydraulic
   fracturing
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID VALLEY GAS-FIELD; FLUID INJECTION; MOMENT TENSORS; EARTHQUAKES; SITE;
   MICROSEISMICITY; PERMEABILITY; STIMULATION; SEISMICITY; INVERSION
AB We have inverted polarity and amplitude information of representative microearthquakes to investigate source mechanisms of seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing in the Carthage Cotton Valley, east Texas, gas field. With vertical arrays of four and eight three-component geophones in two monitoring wells, respectively, we were able to reliably determine source mechanisms of the strongest events with the best signal-to-noise ratio. Our analysis indicates predominantly non-double-couple source mechanisms with positive volumetric component consistent with opening cracks oriented close to expected hydraulic fracture orientation. Our observations suggest the induced events are directly the result of opening cracks by fluid injection, in contrast to many previous studies where the seismicity is interpreted to be primarily shearing caused by pore pressure diffusion into the surrounding rock or associated with shear stresses created at the hydraulic fracture tip.
C1 [Sileny, Jan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geophys, CR-14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
   [Hill, David P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Eisner, Leo] Schlumberger Cambridge Res Ltd, Cambridge CB3 0HG, England.
   [Cornet, Francois H.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
RP Sileny, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geophys, Bocni 2-1401, CR-14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
RI Sileny, Jan/H-6388-2014; Eisner, Leo/G-6456-2014
OI Sileny, Jan/0000-0001-7840-7677; 
FU Agency of the Academy of Sciences [IAA300120502]; Agency of the Czech
   Republic [205/09/0724]; European Union [MTKI-CT-2004-517242]
FX The Grant Agencies of the Academy of Sciences and of the Czech Republic
   supported the project under grants IAA300120502 and 205/09/0724,
   respectively. P. Bulant from the Charles University, Prague, kindly
   evaluated ray Green's functions. We also thank the European Union for
   funding the IMAGES Transfer of Knowledge project (MTKI-CT-2004-517242).
NR 27
TC 47
Z9 48
U1 2
U2 29
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD AUG 18
PY 2009
VL 114
AR B08307
DI 10.1029/2008JB005987
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487CA
UT WOS:000269246900003
ER

PT J
AU Gustafson, DI
   Frey, JW
   Matlock, MD
   Jones, RL
   Hendley, P
   Jackson, SH
   Russell, MH
AF Gustafson, David I.
   Frey, Jeffrey W.
   Matlock, Marty D.
   Jones, Russell L.
   Hendley, Paul
   Jackson, Scott H.
   Russell, Mark H.
TI Study on fermentation of Red Bayberry (Myrica rubra) dry wine with
   immobilized Angel TM cells
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Gustafson, David I.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA.
   [Frey, Jeffrey W.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA.
   [Matlock, Marty D.] Univ Arkansas, Eddystone, PA USA.
   [Jones, Russell L.] Bayer CropSci, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA.
   [Hendley, Paul] Syngenta Crop Protect, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA.
   [Jackson, Scott H.] BASF Corp, Regulatory Stewardship & Strategy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   [Russell, Mark H.] EI du Pont Nemours & Co, Newark, DE 19711 USA.
EM david.i.gustafson@monsanto.com; russell.jones@bayercropscience.com;
   paul.hendley@syngenta.com; scott.jackson@basf.com;
   Mark.H.Russell@usa.dupont.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 180-AGFD
BP 360
EP 360
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861900320
ER

PT J
AU Barbash, JE
   Capel, PD
   Hancock, TC
   Rice, KC
AF Barbash, Jack E.
   Capel, Paul D.
   Hancock, Tracy Connell
   Rice, Karen C.
TI Hierarchical approach for obtaining values of physical and chemical
   parameters controlling the transport and fate of pesticides and their
   transformation products in the hydrologic system
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment NAWQA Pesticide Natl S, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
   [Capel, Paul D.; Hancock, Tracy Connell; Rice, Karen C.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM jbarbash@usgs.gov
RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 103-AGRO
BP 375
EP 375
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861900335
ER

PT J
AU Hladik, ML
   Kuivila, K
AF Hladik, Michelle L.
   Kuivila, Kathryn
TI Pyrethroid partitioning between water and suspended sediments in urban
   and agricultural creeks
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Kuivila, Kathryn] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM mhladik@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 195-AGRO
BP 467
EP 467
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861900427
ER

PT J
AU Stone, WW
   Gilliom, RJ
AF Stone, Wesley W.
   Gilliom, Robert J.
TI Update of Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for predicting
   atrazine concentration in streams
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Stone, Wesley W.; Gilliom, Robert J.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA.
EM wwstone@usgs.gov; rgilliom@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 259-AGRO
BP 513
EP 513
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861900473
ER

PT J
AU Thorn, KA
AF Thorn, Kevin A.
TI Use of N-15 NMR in studies on the reaction of aromatic amines with soil
   organic matter to form bound residues
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM kathorn@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 278-AGRO
BP 529
EP 529
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861900489
ER

PT J
AU Vogel, JR
   Sandstrom, M
   Jackson, SH
AF Vogel, Jason R.
   Sandstrom, Mark
   Jackson, Scott H.
TI Foliar fungicide occurrence in urban and agricultural streams
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Vogel, Jason R.; Sandstrom, Mark] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA.
   [Jackson, Scott H.] BASF Corp, Regulatory Stewardship & Strategy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
EM jrvogel@usgs.gov; scott.jackson@basf.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 218-AGRO
BP 540
EP 540
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861900500
ER

PT J
AU Vogel, JR
   Frankforter, JD
   Rus, DL
AF Vogel, Jason R.
   Frankforter, Jill D.
   Rus, David L.
TI Organic wastewater compounds in combined sewer overflows, stormwater,
   and receiving streams in Omaha, Nebraska
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Vogel, Jason R.; Frankforter, Jill D.; Rus, David L.] US Geol Survey, Nebraska Water Sci Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA.
EM jrvogel@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 223-AGRO
BP 546
EP 546
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861900506
ER

PT J
AU Aiken, GR
   Krabbenhoft, DP
AF Aiken, George R.
   Krabbenhoft, David P.
TI GEOC 38-Dissolved organic matter and mercury in aquatic systems
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53562 USA.
EM graiken@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 38-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861902804
ER

PT J
AU Alvarez, D
   Rosen, M
AF Alvarez, David
   Rosen, Michael
TI ENVR 2-Innovative sampling techniques to determine contaminant flux in
   Las Vegas Bay
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Alvarez, David; Rosen, Michael] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM dalvarez@usgs.gov; mrosen@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 2-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861903620
ER

PT J
AU Bemis, DW
   Kinney, C
   Brownawell, BJ
   Kelly, C
   Furlong, ET
   Kolpin, DW
   Zaugg, SD
AF Bemis, David W.
   Kinney, Chad
   Brownawell, Bruce J.
   Kelly, Carolyn
   Furlong, Edward T.
   Kolpin, Dana W.
   Zaugg, Steven D.
TI ENVR 143-Mitigation of anthropogenic organic contaminants using
   vermiculture
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Bemis, David W.; Kinney, Chad] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA.
   [Brownawell, Bruce J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Kelly, Carolyn] Gaia Inst Wellness Ctr, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA.
   [Furlong, Edward T.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Zaugg, Steven D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM dw.bemis@colostate-pueblo.edu; chad.kinney@colostate-pueblo.edu;
   bbrownawell@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; gaiawellnesscenter@earthlink.net;
   efurlong@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov; sdzaugg@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 143-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861903632
ER

PT J
AU Davis, JA
   Fox, PM
   Campbell, KM
   Hyun, SP
   Hayes, KF
   Williams, KH
   Long, P
AF Davis, J. A.
   Fox, Patricia M.
   Campbell, Kate M.
   Hyun, Sung Pil
   Hayes, Kim F.
   Williams, Kenneth Hurst
   Long, Philip
TI Influence of redox cycling on the natural attenuation of uranium
   transport in groundwater
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Davis, J. A.; Fox, Patricia M.; Campbell, Kate M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Hyun, Sung Pil; Hayes, Kim F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Williams, Kenneth Hurst] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Long, Philip] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM jadavis@usgs.gov; pfox@usgs.gov; sphyun@umich.edu; ford@umich.edu;
   khwilliams@lbl.gov; philip.long@pnl.gov
RI Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Fox,
   Patricia/I-2208-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015
OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682;
   Fox, Patricia/0000-0002-5264-1876; 
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 76-NUCL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861904470
ER

PT J
AU Jackson, A
   Orris, GJ
AF Jackson, Andrew
   Orris, Greta J.
TI ENVR 57-Occurrence of perchlorate across the world and the implication
   for human health impact
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Jackson, Andrew] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
   [Orris, Greta J.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM Andrew.jackson@ttu.edu; greta@swfo.arizona.edu
RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 57-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861903777
ER

PT J
AU Kent, DB
   Curtis, GP
AF Kent, Douglas B.
   Curtis, Gary P.
TI GEOC 36-Phosphate-induced mobilization of arsenic examined in laboratory
   and field experiments in a well-characterized aquifer
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Kent, Douglas B.; Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM dbkent@usgs.gov; gpcurtis@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 36-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861902810
ER

PT J
AU Kinney, C
   Furlong, ET
   Kolpin, DW
   Bemis, DW
   Kelly, C
   Hay, A
   Zaugg, SD
AF Kinney, Chad
   Furlong, Edward T.
   Kolpin, Dana W.
   Bemis, David W.
   Kelly, Carolyn
   Hay, Anthony
   Zaugg, Steven D.
TI ENVR 82-Biosolids and earthworms: Bioaccumulation, toxicity, and removal
   of anthropogenic organic contaminants
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Kinney, Chad; Bemis, David W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA.
   [Furlong, Edward T.; Kolpin, Dana W.; Zaugg, Steven D.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Kelly, Carolyn] Gaia Inst Wellness Ctr, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA.
   [Hay, Anthony] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM chad.kinney@colostate-pueblo.edu; efurlong@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov;
   dw.bemis@colostate-pueblo.edu; gaiawellnesscenter@earthlink.net;
   agh5@cornell.edu; sdzaugg@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 82-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861903630
ER

PT J
AU Latch, DE
   Daumit, KE
   Whidbey, CM
   Gray, JL
   Aiken, GR
AF Latch, Douglas E.
   Daumit, Kelly E.
   Whidbey, Christopher M.
   Gray, James L.
   Aiken, George R.
TI GEOC 68-Natural organic matter's role in the photodegradation of
   endocrine-disrupting contaminants
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Latch, Douglas E.; Daumit, Kelly E.; Whidbey, Christopher M.] Seattle Univ, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98122 USA.
   [Gray, James L.; Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM latchd@seattleu.edu; daumitk@seattleu.edu; jlgray@usgs.gov;
   graiken@usgs.gov
RI Gray, James/I-8136-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 68-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861902759
ER

PT J
AU Mackey, EA
   Christopher, SJ
   Day, RD
   Long, SE
   Marlow, A
   Molloy, JL
   Murphy, K
   Paul, RL
   Popelka-Filcoff, RS
   Rabb, SA
   Sieber, JR
   Spatz, RO
   Tomlin, BE
   Wood, L
   Yu, LL
   Zeisler, R
   Wilson, SA
   Jones, C
   Nebelsick, J
AF Mackey, Elizabeth A.
   Christopher, Steven J.
   Day, Russell D.
   Long, Stephen E.
   Marlow, Anthony
   Molloy, John L.
   Murphy, Karen
   Paul, Rick L.
   Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S.
   Rabb, Savelas A.
   Sieber, John R.
   Spatz, Rabia Oflaz
   Tomlin, Bryan E.
   Wood, Laura
   Yu, Lee L.
   Zeisler, Rolf
   Wilson, Stephen A.
   Jones, Clifton
   Nebelsick, John
TI ENVR 144-Certification of three soil Standard Reference Materials (R)
   for inorganic environmental measurements
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Christopher, Steven J.; Day, Russell D.; Long, Stephen E.; Marlow, Anthony; Molloy, John L.; Murphy, Karen; Paul, Rick L.; Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S.; Rabb, Savelas A.; Sieber, John R.; Tomlin, Bryan E.; Wood, Laura; Yu, Lee L.; Zeisler, Rolf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Spatz, Rabia Oflaz] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Team, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Jones, Clifton] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Grp, Las Vegas, NV 89120 USA.
   [Nebelsick, John] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
EM steven.christopher@nist.gov; russell.day@nist.gov;
   stephen.long@nist.gov; anthony.marlow@nist.gov; john.molloy@nist.gov;
   rachel.popelka-filcoff@nist.gov; savelas.rabb@nist.gov; Rabia@nist.gov;
   bryan.tomlin@nist.gov; laura.wood@nist.gov; lee.yu@nist.gov;
   swilson@usgs.gov
RI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/I-4546-2014; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015
OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 144-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861903613
ER

PT J
AU Marvin-DiPasquale, M
   Kakouros, E
   Agee, JL
   Kieu, LH
   Windham-Myers, L
AF Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark
   Kakouros, Evangelos
   Agee, Jennifer L.
   Kieu, Le H.
   Windham-Myers, Lisamarie
TI GEOC 52-Methylmercury production across San Francisco Bay regional
   habitats: Balancing benthic microbial activity and inorganic mercury
   availability
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark; Kakouros, Evangelos; Agee, Jennifer L.; Kieu, Le H.; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mmarvin@usgs.gov; kakouros@usgs.gov; jlagee@usgs.gov; lkieu@usgs.gov;
   lwindham@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 52-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861902767
ER

PT J
AU Phillips, PJ
   Kolpin, DW
AF Phillips, Patrick J.
   Kolpin, Dana W.
TI ENVR 81-Characterizing poorly understood sources of organic wastewater
   compounds
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Phillips, Patrick J.; Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
EM pjphilli@usgs.gov; dwkolpin@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 81-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861903690
ER

PT J
AU Rostad, CE
   Schmitt, CJ
   Schumacher, JG
AF Rostad, Colleen E.
   Schmitt, Christopher J.
   Schumacher, John G.
TI ENVR 8-Polar organic compounds in surface waters collected near
   lead-zinc mine and milling operations
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Rostad, Colleen E.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
   [Schmitt, Christopher J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
   [Schumacher, John G.] US Geol Survey, Missouri Water Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.
EM cerostad@usgs.gov; cjschmitt@usgs.gov; jschu@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 8-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861903553
ER

PT J
AU Stoliker, DL
   Kent, DB
   Davis, JA
   Zachara, JM
AF Stoliker, Deborah L.
   Kent, Douglas B.
   Davis, J. A.
   Zachara, John M.
TI GEOC 78-Processes controlling fate and transport of uranium(VI) in
   Hanford's 300-Area
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Stoliker, Deborah L.; Kent, Douglas B.; Davis, J. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Zachara, John M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM dlstoliker@usgs.gov; dbkent@usgs.gov; jadavis@usgs.gov;
   john.zachara@pnl.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 78-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861902795
ER

PT J
AU Warren, E
AF Warren, Ean
TI CEI 1-Crude: The Incredible Journey of Oil
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Warren, Ean] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM ewarren@scvacs.org
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 16
PY 2009
VL 238
MA 1-CEI
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA V16HY
UT WOS:000207861901871
ER

PT J
AU Byappanahalli, MN
   Whitman, RL
AF Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.
   Whitman, Richard L.
TI Response to Comment on "Environmental Occurrence of the Enterococcal
   Surface Protein (esp) Gene is an Unreliable Indicator of Human Fecal
   Contamination"
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID PREVALENCE; POLLUTION; FAECALIS; FAECIUM; ANIMALS; MARKER
C1 [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.; Whitman, Richard L.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA.
RI PRAZERES, KELLY/O-7715-2015
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 15
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 16
BP 6436
EP 6437
DI 10.1021/es901795g
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 482RZ
UT WOS:000268907700054
ER

PT J
AU Storlazzi, CD
   Field, ME
   Bothner, MH
   Presto, MK
   Draut, AE
AF Storlazzi, C. D.
   Field, M. E.
   Bothner, M. H.
   Presto, M. K.
   Draut, A. E.
TI Sedimentation processes in a coral reef embayment: Hanalei Bay, Kauai
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE coral reefs; winds; waves; currents; sediment traps; sedimentation; USA;
   Hawaii; Kauai
ID SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SOUTHERN MOLOKAI; TRAPS; RIVER;
   RESUSPENSION; GROWTH; FLUX; FLUORESCENCE; ORGANISMS
AB Oceanographic measurements and sediment samples were collected during the summer of 2006 as part of a multi-year study of coastal circulation and the fate of terrigenous sediment on coral reefs in Hanalei Bay, Kauai. The goal of this study was to better understand sediment dynamics in a coral reef-lined embayment where winds, ocean surface waves, and river floods are important processes. During a summer period that was marked by two wave events and one river flood, we documented significant differences in sediment trap collection rates and the composition, grain size, and magnitude of sediment transported in the bay. Sediment trap collection rates were well correlated with combined wave-current near-bed shear stresses during the non-flood periods but were not correlated during the flood. The flood's delivery of fine-grained sediment to the bay initially caused high turbidity and sediment collection rates off the river mouth but the plume dispersed relatively quickly. Over the next month, the flood deposit was reworked by mild waves and currents and the fine-grained terrestrial sediment was advected around the bay and collected in sediment traps away from the river mouth, long after the turbid surface plume was gone. The reworked flood deposits, due to their longer duration of influence and proximity to the seabed, appear to pose a greater long-term impact to benthic coral reef communities than the flood plumes themselves. The results presented here display how spatial and temporal differences in hydrodynamic processes, which result from variations in reef morphology and orientation, cause substantial variations in the deposition, residence time, resuspension, and advection of both reef-derived and fluvial sediment over relatively short spatial scales in a coral reef embayment. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Storlazzi, C. D.; Field, M. E.; Presto, M. K.; Draut, A. E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Survey Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
   [Bothner, M. H.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Survey Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM cstorlazzi@usgs.gov
OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490; East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460
NR 53
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 15
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 3-4
BP 140
EP 151
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.05.002
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 485GM
UT WOS:000269109200002
ER

PT J
AU George, DA
   Hill, PS
AF George, D. A.
   Hill, P. S.
TI Reply to the Comment on "Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of
   the sand-mud transition: A global survey" by DA George and PS Hill
   [Marine Geology 254 (2008) 121-128]
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE sand-mud transition; Ebro continental shelf; wave energy; bed shear
   stress
AB An analysis of concepts presented by George and Hill [George, D.A., Hill, P.S., 2008. Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey. Marine Geology, 254,121-128.] regarding the depth of the sand-mud transition (h(SMT)) was performed by Guillen and Jimenez [Jorge Guillen and Jose A. Jimenez, Comment on "Wave climate, sediment supply and the depth of the sand-mud transition: A global survey" by D.A. George and P.S. Hill [Marine Geology 254 (2008) 121-128], Marine Geology. in press]. We are pleased that our proposed definition of the h(SMT) was confirmed to be appropriate. We are encouraged that the authors agree that wave period and wave height should both be used to determine h(SMT) as we demonstrated in our Eq. (1), which calculates the bed shear stress at h(SMT). More in-depth research should focus on characterizing the role of sediment supply in determining h(SMT). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [George, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
   [Hill, P. S.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada.
RP George, DA (reprint author), Calif Ocean Protect Council, Oakland, CA USA.
EM doug.george@gmail.com
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 15
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 3-4
BP 262
EP 263
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.06.007
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 485GM
UT WOS:000269109200012
ER

PT J
AU Miller, PJ
   Kim, LM
   Ip, HS
   Afonso, CL
AF Miller, Patti J.
   Kim, L. Mia
   Ip, Hon S.
   Afonso, Claudio L.
TI Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus
SO VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Newcastle disease virus; Evolution; Recombination; Selection; Virulence;
   APMV-1
ID CODON-SUBSTITUTION MODELS; DETECTING MOLECULAR ADAPTATION; MULTIPLE
   SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; AMINO-ACID SITES; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION;
   MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; LARGE PHYLOGENIES; MOSAIC STRUCTURE; RECOMBINATION;
   DNA
AB A comprehensive dataset of NDV genome sequences was evaluated using bioinformatics to characterize the evolutionary forces affecting NDV genomes. Despite evidence of recombination in most genes, only one event in the fusion gene of genotype V viruses produced evolutionarily viable progenies. The codon-associated rate of change for the six NDV proteins revealed that the highest rate of change occurred at the fusion protein. All proteins were under strong purifying (negative) selection; the fusion protein displayed the highest number of amino acids under positive selection. Regardless of the phylogenetic grouping or the level of virulence, the cleavage site motif was highly conserved implying that mutations at this site that result in changes of virulence may not be favored. The coding sequence of the fusion gene and the genomes of viruses from wild birds displayed higher yearly rates of change in virulent viruses than in viruses of low virulence, suggesting that an increase in virulence may accelerate the rate of NDV evolution. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Miller, Patti J.; Kim, L. Mia; Afonso, Claudio L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, SE Poultry Res Labs, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
   [Ip, Hon S.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, SE Poultry Res Labs, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
EM claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov
NR 51
TC 69
Z9 74
U1 0
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0042-6822
J9 VIROLOGY
JI Virology
PD AUG 15
PY 2009
VL 391
IS 1
BP 64
EP 72
DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033
PG 9
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 482DA
UT WOS:000268863000009
PM 19564032
ER

PT J
AU Osorio, JE
   Iams, KP
   Meteyer, CU
   Rocke, TE
AF Osorio, Jorge E.
   Iams, Keith P.
   Meteyer, Carol U.
   Rocke, Tonie E.
TI Comparison of Monkeypox Viruses Pathogenesis in Mice by In Vivo Imaging
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SMALLPOX VACCINE; EXPRESSION VECTORS;
   ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PRAIRIE DOGS; CONGO BASIN; DISEASE; PROTECTION;
   SQUIRRELS; TRANSMISSION
AB Monkeypox viruses (MPXV) cause human monkeypox, a zoonotic smallpox-like disease endemic to Africa, and are of worldwide public health and biodefense concern. Using viruses from the Congo (MPXV-2003-Congo-358) and West African (MPXV-2003-USA-044) clades, we constructed recombinant viruses that express the luciferase gene (MPXV-Congo/Luc+ and MPXV-USA-Luc+) and compared their viral infection in mice by biophotonic imaging. BALB/c mice became infected by both MPXV clades, but they recovered and cleared the infection within 10 days post-infection (PI). However, infection in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) BALB/c mice resulted in 100% lethality. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of both MPXV-Congo and MPXV-Congo/ Luc+resulted in a systemic clinical disease and the same mean time-to-death at 9 (+/- 0) days post-infection. Likewise, IP injection of SCID-BALB/ c mice with MPXV-USA or the MPXV-USA-Luc+, resulted in similar disease but longer (P, 0.05) mean time-to-death (11 +/- 60 days) for both viruses compared to the Congo strains. Imaging studies in SCID mice showed luminescence in the abdomen within 24 hours PI with subsequent spread elsewhere. Animals infected with the MPXV-USA/ Luc+had less intense luminescence in tissues than those inoculated with MPXV-Congo/ Luc+, and systemic spread of the MPXV-USA/ Luc+ virus occurred approximately two days later than the MPXV-Congo/ Luc+. The ovary was an important target for viral replication as evidenced by the high viral titers and immunohistochemistry. These studies demonstrate the suitability of a mouse model and biophotonic imaging to compare the disease progression and tissue tropism of MPX viruses.
C1 [Osorio, Jorge E.; Iams, Keith P.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Meteyer, Carol U.; Rocke, Tonie E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
RP Osorio, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM osorio@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563
FU Region V 'Great Lakes' RCE (NIH) [1-U54-AI-057153]
FX The authors wish to acknowledge membership within and support from the
   Region V 'Great Lakes' RCE (NIH award 1-U54-AI-057153). The sponsors had
   no role in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection,
   analysis, and interpretation of the data, and in the preparation,
   review, or approval of the manuscript.
NR 40
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD AUG 11
PY 2009
VL 4
IS 8
AR e6592
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0006592
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 483BA
UT WOS:000268935600017
PM 19668372
ER

PT J
AU Dohm, JM
   Williams, JP
   Anderson, RC
   Ruiz, J
   McGuire, PC
   Komatsu, G
   Davila, AF
   Ferris, JC
   Schulze-Makuch, D
   Baker, VR
   Boynton, WV
   Fairen, AG
   Hare, TM
   Miyamoto, H
   Tanaka, KL
   Wheelock, SJ
AF Dohm, James M.
   Williams, Jean-Pierre
   Anderson, Robert C.
   Ruiz, Javier
   McGuire, Patrick C.
   Komatsu, Goro
   Davila, Alfonso F.
   Ferris, Justin C.
   Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
   Baker, Victor R.
   Boynton, William V.
   Fairen, Alberto G.
   Hare, Trent M.
   Miyamoto, Hirdy
   Tanaka, Kennth L.
   Wheelock, Shawn J.
TI New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris,
   Mars
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE Mars; Valles Marineris; Tharsis; plume; superplume; magma; water; canyon
   system; life
ID WEST CANDOR CHASMA; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; LAYERED DEPOSITS;
   WEATHERING PRODUCTS; SOUTHERN SIBERIA; THAUMASIA REGION; MERIDIANI
   PLANUM; LANDING SITE; SURFACE; THARSIS
AB In this paper, we show that the complex geological evolution of Valles Marineris, Mars, has been highly influenced by the manifestation of magmatism (e.g., possible plume activity). This is based on a diversity of evidence, reported here, for the central part, Melas Chasma, and nearby regions, including uplift, loss of huge volumes of material, flexure, volcanism, and possible hydrothermal and endogenic-induced outflow channel activity. Observations include: (1) the identification of a new >50 km-diameter caldera/vent-like feature on the southwest flank of Melas, which is spatially associated with a previously identified center of tectonic activity using Viking data; (2) a prominent topographic rise at the central part of Valles Marineris, which includes Melas Chasma, interpreted to mark an uplift, consistent with faults that are radial and concentric about it; (3) HiRISE-identified landforms along the floor of the southeast part of Melas Chasma that are interpreted to reveal a volcanic field; (4) CRISM identification of sulfate-rich outcrops, which could be indicative of hydrothermal deposits; (5) GRS K/Th signature interpreted as water-magma interactions and/or variations in rock composition; and (6) geophysical evidence that may indicate partial compensation of the canyon and/or higher density intrusives beneath it. Long-term magma, tectonic, and water interactions (Late Noachian into the Amazonian), albeit intermittent, point to an elevated life potential, and thus Valles Marineris is considered a prime target for future life detection missions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.; Wheelock, Shawn J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.; Boynton, William V.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Williams, Jean-Pierre; Anderson, Robert C.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Anderson, Robert C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Ruiz, Javier] Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
   [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
   [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
   [Komatsu, Goro] Univ Annunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65421 Pescara, Italy.
   [Davila, Alfonso F.; Fairen, Alberto G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
   [Ferris, Justin C.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
   [Schulze-Makuch, Dirk] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   [Hare, Trent M.; Tanaka, Kennth L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
   [Miyamoto, Hirdy] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu
RI Wheelock, Shawn/A-7627-2010; Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto,
   Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Davila, Alfonso/A-2198-2013; McGuire,
   Patrick/D-2962-2013; Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Dohm,
   James/A-3831-2014; Ruiz, Javier/P-3975-2015; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012
OI Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; Schulze-Makuch,
   Dirk/0000-0002-1923-9746; Davila, Alfonso/0000-0002-0977-9909; McGuire,
   Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760;
   Ruiz, Javier/0000-0002-3937-8380; Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X
FU O. K. Earl Postdoctoral Fellowship; National Science Foundations
   Astronomy and Astrophysics Research [AST-0709151]; McDonnell Center for
   the Space Sciences; NASA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) [1277793]; Oak
   Ridge Associated Universities
FX The authors are indebted to two technical reviewers, Alvaro Marquez and
   Patrick McGovern, as well as two U.S. Geological Survey internal
   reviewers, James Skinner and an anonymous reviewer, for their thoughtful
   reviews, which have resulted in a significantly improved manuscript.
   James Dohm was supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program, Javier
   Ruiz by a contract I3P with the CSIC, co-financed from the European
   Social Fund, Jean-Pierre Williams by the California Institute of
   Technology through the O. K. Earl Postdoctoral Fellowship and the
   National Science Foundations Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants
   program(AST-0709151), Patrick McGuire by a Robert M. Walker senior
   research fellowship from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences,
   and by NASA funds through the Applied Physics Laboratory, under
   subcontract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL Contract #1277793),
   and both Alberto G. Fairen and Alfonso F. Davila were supported by the
   Oak Ridge Associated Universities and the NASA Post-Doctoral Program. We
   would also express our gratitude to the Gamma Ray Spectrometer Team
   whose diligent efforts have yielded tremendous fruit.
NR 114
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD AUG 10
PY 2009
VL 185
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 12
EP 27
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.029
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 486AF
UT WOS:000269167000003
ER

PT J
AU Dohm, JM
   Anderson, RC
   Williams, JP
   Ruiz, J
   McGuire, PC
   Buczkowski, DL
   Wang, RY
   Scharenbroich, L
   Hare, TM
   Connerney, JEP
   Baker, VR
   Wheelock, SJ
   Ferris, JC
   Miyamoto, H
AF Dohm, James M.
   Anderson, Robert C.
   Williams, Jean-Pierre
   Ruiz, Javier
   McGuire, Patrick C.
   Buczkowski, Debra L.
   Wang, Ruye
   Scharenbroich, Lucas
   Hare, Trent M.
   Connerney, J. E. P.
   Baker, Victor R.
   Wheelock, Shawn J.
   Ferris, Justin C.
   Miyamoto, Hirdy
TI Claritas rise, Mars: Pre-Tharsis magmatism?
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE Mars; Claritas rise; Tharsis; Claritas Fossae; Syria Planum; Thaumasia
   highlands; superplume; plume; tectonism; hydrothermal; dynamo;
   magnetosphere
ID EMISSION SPECTROMETER DATA; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; EARLY DIFFERENTIATION;
   OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; THAUMASIA REGION; MARTIAN
   SURFACE; TOPOGRAPHY; GRAVITY; ENVIRONMENT
AB Claritas rise is a prominent ancient (Noachian) center of tectonism identified through investigation of comprehensive paleotectonic information of the western hemisphere of Mars. This center is interpreted to be the result of magmatic-driven activity, including uplift and associated tectonism, as well as possible hydrothermal activity. Coupled with its ancient stratigraphy, high density of impact craters, and complex structure, a possible magnetic signature may indicate that it formed during an ancient period of Mars' evolution, such as when the dynamo was in operation. As Tharsis lacks magnetic signatures, Claritas rise may pre-date the development of Tharsis or mark incipient development, since some of the crustal materials underlying Tharsis and older parts of the magmatic complex, respectively, could have been highly resurfaced, destroying any remanent magnetism. Here, we detail the significant characteristics of the Claritas rise, and present a case for why it should be targeted by the Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and Mars Express spacecrafts, as well as be considered as a prime target for future tier-scalable robotic reconnaissance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.; Wheelock, Shawn J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Anderson, Robert C.; Scharenbroich, Lucas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Anderson, Robert C.; Williams, Jean-Pierre] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Ruiz, Javier] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
   [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
   [McGuire, Patrick C.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
   [Buczkowski, Debra L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
   [Wang, Ruye] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Engn, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
   [Hare, Trent M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
   [Connerney, J. E. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Ferris, Justin C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Palmer, AK 99645 USA.
   [Miyamoto, Hirdy] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu
RI Wheelock, Shawn/A-7627-2010; Ruiz, Javier/P-3975-2015; Miyamoto,
   Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; McGuire,
   Patrick/D-2962-2013; connerney, john/I-5127-2013; Williams,
   Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014
OI Ruiz, Javier/0000-0002-3937-8380; McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966;
   Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; Williams,
   Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; 
FU NASA; European Social Fund; California Institute of Technology; National
   Science Foundations Astronomy and Astrophysics Research [AST-0709151];
   McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
   [1277793]
FX The authors are indebted to two technical reviewers, Daniel Mege and an
   anonymous reviewer, whose efforts have resulted in a significantly
   improved manuscript. We are also appreciative of helpful inputs by H.
   Jay Melosh, as well as machine learning-related information contributed
   by Rebecca Castano and Brad Dalton (Section 3.1). James Dohm was
   supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program, Javier Ruiz by a
   contract I3P with the CSIC, co-financed from the European Social Fund,
   Jean-Pierre Williams by the California Institute of Technology through
   the O. K. Earl Postdoctoral Fellowship and the National Science
   Foundations Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants program
   (AST-0709151), Patrick McGuire by a Robert M. Walker senior research
   fellowship from the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, and by NASA
   funds through the Applied Physics Laboratory, under subcontract from the
   Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL Contract #1277793).
NR 100
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
EI 1872-6097
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD AUG 10
PY 2009
VL 185
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 139
EP 156
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.03.012
PG 18
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 486AF
UT WOS:000269167000011
ER

PT J
AU Maus, S
   Barckhausen, U
   Berkenbosch, H
   Bournas, N
   Brozena, J
   Childers, V
   Dostaler, F
   Fairhead, JD
   Finn, C
   von Frese, RRB
   Gaina, C
   Golynsky, S
   Kucks, R
   Luhr, H
   Milligan, P
   Mogren, S
   Muller, RD
   Olesen, O
   Pilkington, M
   Saltus, R
   Schreckenberger, B
   Thebault, E
   Tontini, FC
AF Maus, S.
   Barckhausen, U.
   Berkenbosch, H.
   Bournas, N.
   Brozena, J.
   Childers, V.
   Dostaler, F.
   Fairhead, J. D.
   Finn, C.
   von Frese, R. R. B.
   Gaina, C.
   Golynsky, S.
   Kucks, R.
   Luehr, H.
   Milligan, P.
   Mogren, S.
   Mueller, R. D.
   Olesen, O.
   Pilkington, M.
   Saltus, R.
   Schreckenberger, B.
   Thebault, E.
   Tontini, F. Caratori
TI EMAG2: A 2-arc min resolution Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid compiled from
   satellite, airborne, and marine magnetic measurements
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE magnetic anomaly; magnetic grid; magnetic model
ID CRUSTAL; OCEAN; FIELD; MAP
AB A global Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (EMAG2) has been compiled from satellite, ship, and airborne magnetic measurements. EMAG2 is a significant update of our previous candidate grid for the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map. The resolution has been improved from 3 arc min to 2 arc min, and the altitude has been reduced from 5 km to 4 km above the geoid. Additional grid and track line data have been included, both over land and the oceans. Wherever available, the original shipborne and airborne data were used instead of precompiled oceanic magnetic grids. Interpolation between sparse track lines in the oceans was improved by directional gridding and extrapolation, based on an oceanic crustal age model. The longest wavelengths (>330 km) were replaced with the latest CHAMP satellite magnetic field model MF6. EMAG2 is available at http://geomag.org/models/EMAG2 and for permanent archive at http://earthref.org/ cgi-bin/er.cgi?s=erda.cgi?n=970.
C1 [Maus, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Barckhausen, U.; Schreckenberger, B.] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany.
   [Berkenbosch, H.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
   [Bournas, N.] Geotech Ltd, Aurora, ON L4G 4C4, Canada.
   [Brozena, J.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
   [Childers, V.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Dostaler, F.; Pilkington, M.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9, Canada.
   [Fairhead, J. D.] GETECH, Leeds LS8 2LJ, W Yorkshire, England.
   [Fairhead, J. D.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
   [Finn, C.; Kucks, R.; Saltus, R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [von Frese, R. R. B.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Gaina, C.; Olesen, O.] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
   [Golynsky, S.] All Russian Res Inst Geol & Mineral Resources Wor, St Petersburg 190121, Russia.
   [Luehr, H.] German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Milligan, P.] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
   [Mogren, S.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
   [Mueller, R. D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
   [Thebault, E.] Inst Phys Globe, F-75252 Paris, France.
   [Tontini, F. Caratori] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-19020 Fezzano, Italy.
RP Maus, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov
RI Berkenbosch, Heidi/D-3969-2011; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; Gaina,
   Carmen/I-5213-2015; 
OI Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X
FU Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
FX Last but not least, the operational support of the CHAMP mission by the
   German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the financial support for the data
   processing by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) are
   gratefully acknowledged.
NR 31
TC 115
Z9 129
U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD AUG 7
PY 2009
VL 10
AR Q08005
DI 10.1029/2009GC002471
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 481NK
UT WOS:000268818100001
ER

PT J
AU Ferrer, I
   Barber, LB
   Thurman, EM
AF Ferrer, Imma
   Barber, Larry B.
   Thurman, E. Michael
TI Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric fragmentation study of
   phytoestrogens as their trimethylsilyl derivatives: Identification in
   soy milk and wastewater samples
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
DE Phytoestrogens; Ion-trap GC-MS; Wastewater; Mass spectrometry
ID AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; NATURAL-WATERS;
   RIVER WATER; BISPHENOL-A; QUANTIFICATION; ISOFLAVONES; FOODS;
   FLAVONOIDS; GENISTEIN
AB An analytical method for the identification of eight plant phytoestrogens (biochanin A. coumestrol, daidzein, equol, formononetin, glycitein, genistein and prunetin) in soy products and wastewater samples was developed using gas chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/MS-MS). The phytoestrogens were derivatized as their trimethylsilyl ethers with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The phytoestrogens were isolated from all samples with liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. Daidzein-d(4) and genistein-d(4) labeled standards were used as internal standards before extraction and derivatization. The fragmentation patterns of the phytoestrogens were investigated by isolating and fragmenting the precursor ions in the ion-trap and a typical fragmentation involved the loss of a methyl and a carbonyl group. Two characteristic fragment ions for each analyte were chosen for identification and confirmation. The developed methodology was applied to the identification and confirmation of phytoestrogens in soy milk, in wastewater effluent from a soy-milk processing plant, and in wastewater (influent and effluent) from a treatment plant. Detected concentrations of genistein ranged from 50,000 mu g/L and 2000 mu g/L in soy milk and in wastewater from a soy-plant, respectively, to 20 mu g/L and <1 mu g/L for influent and effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ferrer, Imma; Thurman, E. Michael] Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Mass Spectrometry, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Barber, Larry B.; Thurman, E. Michael] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Ferrer, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Engn, Ctr Environm Mass Spectrometry, ECOT 441, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM imferrer@ono.com
RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008
OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851
FU Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia; U.S. Geological Survey
FX The use of brand, trade, or firm names in this paper is for
   identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the
   U.S. Geological Survey. I.F. acknowledges travel support from the
   Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia ("Jose Castillejo" Program) in Spain.
   This work was partly supported by the Toxics Substances Hydrology
   Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and authors want to thank our
   colleagues, Mike Focazio and Herb Buxton of the USGS.
NR 21
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 3
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD AUG 7
PY 2009
VL 1216
IS 32
BP 6024
EP 6032
DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.042
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 477LO
UT WOS:000268520800013
PM 19577238
ER

PT J
AU Clark, PU
   Dyke, AS
   Shakun, JD
   Carlson, AE
   Clark, J
   Wohlfarth, B
   Mitrovica, JX
   Hostetler, SW
   McCabe, AM
AF Clark, Peter U.
   Dyke, Arthur S.
   Shakun, Jeremy D.
   Carlson, Anders E.
   Clark, Jorie
   Wohlfarth, Barbara
   Mitrovica, Jerry X.
   Hostetler, Steven W.
   McCabe, A. Marshall
TI The Last Glacial Maximum
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID MILLENNIAL TIME SCALES; SEA-LEVEL HISTORIES; ICE-SHEET;
   SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE;
   ANTARCTICA; PERIOD; GREENLAND
AB We used 5704 C-14, Be-10, and He-3 ages that span the interval from 10,000 to 50,000 years ago (10 to 50 ka) to constrain the timing of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in terms of global ice-sheet and mountain-glacier extent. Growth of the ice sheets to their maximum positions occurred between 33.0 and 26.5 ka in response to climate forcing from decreases in northern summer insolation, tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, and atmospheric CO2. Nearly all ice sheets were at their LGM positions from 26.5 ka to 19 to 20 ka, corresponding to minima in these forcings. The onset of Northern Hemisphere deglaciation 19 to 20 ka was induced by an increase in northern summer insolation, providing the source for an abrupt rise in sea level. The onset of deglaciation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet occurred between 14 and 15 ka, consistent with evidence that this was the primary source for an abrupt rise in sea level similar to 14.5 ka.
C1 [Clark, Peter U.; Shakun, Jeremy D.; Clark, Jorie] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Dyke, Arthur S.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada.
   [Carlson, Anders E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Wohlfarth, Barbara] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
   [Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Hostetler, Steven W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [McCabe, A. Marshall] Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland.
RP Clark, PU (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM clarkp@onid.orst.edu
OI Wong, Yuk Fai/0000-0002-3756-1237
FU NSF; Geological Survey of Canada Climate Change Program; University of
   Wisconsin; Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co.; Canadian
   Institute for Advanced Research
FX This work was supported by NSF (P.U.C., J.D.S., A.E.C., and S.W.H.), the
   Geological Survey of Canada Climate Change Program (A.S.D.), the
   University of Wisconsin (A.E.C.), the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste
   Management Co. (B.W.), and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
   (J.X.M.).
NR 52
TC 848
Z9 878
U1 58
U2 363
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 7
PY 2009
VL 325
IS 5941
BP 710
EP 714
DI 10.1126/science.1172873
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 480HF
UT WOS:000268723700039
PM 19661421
ER

PT J
AU Fienen, M
   Hunt, R
   Krabbenhoft, D
   Clemo, T
AF Fienen, M.
   Hunt, R.
   Krabbenhoft, D.
   Clemo, T.
TI Obtaining parsimonious hydraulic conductivity fields using head and
   transport observations: A Bayesian geostatistical parameter estimation
   approach
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SANDY SILICATE AQUIFER; ESTIMATING GROUNDWATER EXCHANGE;
   PRECIPITATION-DOMINATED LAKE; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; MODEL CALIBRATION;
   INVERSE PROBLEM; MINERALOGIC CONTROLS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; WATER;
   CHEMISTRY
AB Flow path delineation is a valuable tool for interpreting the subsurface hydrogeochemical environment. Different types of data, such as groundwater flow and transport, inform different aspects of hydrogeologic parameter values (hydraulic conductivity in this case) which, in turn, determine flow paths. This work combines flow and transport information to estimate a unified set of hydrogeologic parameters using the Bayesian geostatistical inverse approach. Parameter flexibility is allowed by using a highly parameterized approach with the level of complexity informed by the data. Despite the effort to adhere to the ideal of minimal a priori structure imposed on the problem, extreme contrasts in parameters can result in the need to censor correlation across hydrostratigraphic bounding surfaces. These partitions segregate parameters into facies associations. With an iterative approach in which partitions are based on inspection of initial estimates, flow path interpretation is progressively refined through the inclusion of more types of data. Head observations, stable oxygen isotopes (O-18/O-16 ratios), and tritium are all used to progressively refine flow path delineation on an isthmus between two lakes in the Trout Lake watershed, northern Wisconsin, United States. Despite allowing significant parameter freedom by estimating many distributed parameter values, a smooth field is obtained.
C1 [Fienen, M.; Hunt, R.; Krabbenhoft, D.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
   [Clemo, T.] Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA.
RP Fienen, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
EM mnfienen@usgs.gov
RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009
OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651
FU National Academies Research Associateship Program; USGS Office of
   Groundwater; USGS Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB)
FX This work was funded by the National Academies Research Associateship
   Program, which provided postdoctoral research funding for the first
   author. The USGS Office of Groundwater and the USGS Water, Energy and
   Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program provided further funding. The
   authors wish to thank Bob Michel, Daniel Feinstein, Dave Saad, John
   Walker, John Doherty, and Wolfgang Nowak for their support and
   consultation. The personnel of the NSF North Temperate Lakes Long-Term
   Ecological Research Trout Lake Site also provided valuable support.
   Critical reviews by John Walker, Anna Michalak, and three anonymous
   reviewers also greatly improved this manuscript.
NR 78
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD AUG 6
PY 2009
VL 45
AR W08405
DI 10.1029/2008WR007431
PG 23
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 481PY
UT WOS:000268825000001
ER

PT J
AU Wendt, J
   Oglesby, DD
   Geist, EL
AF Wendt, James
   Oglesby, David D.
   Geist, Eric L.
TI Tsunamis and splay fault dynamics
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE PROPAGATION; BRANCHED FAULT; SLIP FAULTS;
   EARTHQUAKE; GENERATION; PRESTRESS; VELOCITY; COMPLEX; STRESS; THRUST
AB The geometry of a fault system can have significant effects on tsunami generation, but most tsunami models to date have not investigated the dynamic processes that determine which path rupture will take in a complex fault system. To gain insight into this problem, we use the 3D finite element method to model the dynamics of a plate boundary/splay fault system. We use the resulting ground deformation as a time-dependent boundary condition for a 2D shallow-water hydrodynamic tsunami calculation. We find that if the stress distribution is homogeneous, rupture remains on the plate boundary thrust. When a barrier is introduced along the strike of the plate boundary thrust, rupture propagates to the splay faults, and produces a significantly larger tsunami than in the homogeneous case. The results have implications for the dynamics of megathrust earthquakes, and also suggest that dynamic earthquake modeling may be a useful tool in tsunami research. Citation: Wendt, J., D. D. Oglesby, and E. L. Geist (2009), Tsunamis and splay fault dynamics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15303, doi:10.1029/2009GL038295.
C1 [Wendt, James] Pomona Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
   [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Oglesby, David D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
RP Wendt, J (reprint author), Pomona Coll, Dept Phys, 333 N Coll Way, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
EM david.oglesby@ucr.edu
FU Undergraduate Research Program of the Southern California Earthquake
   Center (SCEC); National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement
   [EAR-0106924]
FX This work was supported by the Undergraduate Research Program of the
   Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). SCEC is funded by the
   National Science Foundation (NSF) Cooperative Agreement EAR-0106924.
   This manuscript was improved by thoughtful conversations with James
   Rice, Uri ten Brink, and many others.
NR 33
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 4
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L15303
DI 10.1029/2009GL038295
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 481NW
UT WOS:000268819400001
ER

PT J
AU Villarini, G
   Smith, JA
   Serinaldi, F
   Bales, J
   Bates, PD
   Krajewski, WF
AF Villarini, Gabriele
   Smith, James A.
   Serinaldi, Francesco
   Bales, Jerad
   Bates, Paul D.
   Krajewski, Witold F.
TI Flood frequency analysis for nonstationary annual peak records in an
   urban drainage basin
SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Nonstationarity; Urbanization; GAMLSS; Flood frequency analysis
ID ADDITIVE-MODELS; EXTREME EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; MIXED
   MODELS; TIME-SERIES; URBANIZATION; HYDROLOGY; DURATION; RAINFALL
AB Flood frequency analysis in urban watersheds is complicated by nonstationarities of annual peak records associated with land use change and evolving urban stormwater infrastructure. In this study, a framework for flood frequency analysis is developed based on the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape parameters (GAMLSS), a tool for modeling time series under nonstationary conditions. GAMLSS is applied to annual maximum peak discharge records for Little Sugar Creek, a highly urbanized watershed which drains the urban core of Charlotte, North Carolina. It is shown that GAMLSS is able to describe the variability in the mean and variance of the annual maximum peak discharge by modeling the parameters of the selected parametric distribution as a smooth function of time via cubic splines. Flood frequency analyses for Little Sugar Creek (at a drainage area of 110 km(2)) show that the maximum flow with a 0.01-annual probability (corresponding to 100-year flood peak under stationary conditions) over the 83-year record has ranged from a minimum unit discharge of 2.1 m(3) s(-1) km(-2) to a maximum of 5.1 m(3) s(-1) km(-2). An alternative characterization can be made by examining the estimated return interval of the peak discharge that would have an annual exceedance probability of 0.01 under the assumption of stationarity (3.2 m(3) s(-1) km(-2)). Under nonstationary conditions, alternative definitions of return period should be adapted. Under the GAMLSS model, the return interval of an annual peak discharge of 3.2 m(3) s(-1) km(-2) ranges from a maximum value of more than 5000 years in 1957 to a minimum value of almost 8 years for the present time (2007). The GAMLSS framework is also used to examine the links between population trends and flood frequency, as well as trends in annual maximum rainfall. These analyses are used to examine evolving flood frequency over future decades. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Smith, James A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Villarini, Gabriele] Willis Res Network, London, England.
   [Serinaldi, Francesco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Hydraul Transportat & Highways, Rome, Italy.
   [Serinaldi, Francesco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Italian Univ, CU Honors Ctr H2, Rome, Italy.
   [Bales, Jerad] USGS, N Carolina Water Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA.
   [Bates, Paul D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geol Sci, Bristol, Avon, England.
   [Krajewski, Witold F.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA.
RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM gvillari@princeton.edu
RI Bates, Paul/C-8026-2012; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016
OI Bates, Paul/0000-0001-9192-9963; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370
FU Willis Research Network; National Science Foundation [EF-0709538]; NASA
FX This research was funded in part by the Willis Research Network, the
   National Science Foundation (Grant No. EF-0709538), and NASA. The
   authors would like to thank Dr. Stasinopoulos, Dr. Rigby, and Dr.
   Akantziliotou for making the gamlss package [56] freely available in R
   [44].
NR 68
TC 124
Z9 135
U1 6
U2 68
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0309-1708
J9 ADV WATER RESOUR
JI Adv. Water Resour.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 32
IS 8
BP 1255
EP 1266
DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.05.003
PG 12
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 483PV
UT WOS:000268980700012
ER

PT J
AU Harding, AMA
   Kitaysky, AS
   Hamer, KC
   Hall, ME
   Welcker, J
   Talbot, SL
   Karnovsky, NJ
   Gabrielsen, GW
   Gremillet, D
AF Harding, A. M. A.
   Kitaysky, A. S.
   Hamer, K. C.
   Hall, M. E.
   Welcker, J.
   Talbot, S. L.
   Karnovsky, N. J.
   Gabrielsen, G. W.
   Gremillet, D.
TI Impacts of experimentally increased foraging effort on the family:
   offspring sex matters
SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
LA English
DT Review
DE Alle alle; compensatory care; dovekie; little auk; parental investment;
   provisioning decision; sex allocation theory
ID AUK ALLE-ALLE; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS-RESPONSE;
   BIASED MATERNAL INVESTMENT; BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; PARENTAL EFFORT; FOOD
   AVAILABILITY; BODY CONDITION; SIZE DIMORPHISM; MASS-LOSS
AB We examined how short-term impacts of experimentally increased foraging effort by one parent reverberate around the family in a monomorphic seabird (little auk, Alle alle), and whether these effects depend on offspring sex. In many species, more effort is required to rear sons successfully than daughters. However, undernourishment may have stronger adverse consequences for male offspring, which could result in a lower fitness benefit of additional parental effort when rearing a son. We tested two alternative hypotheses concerning the responses of partners to handicapping parents via feather clipping: partners rearing a son are (1) more willing or able to compensate for the reduced contribution of their mate, or (2) less willing or able to compensate, compared to those rearing a daughter. Hypothesis 1 predicts that sons will be no more adversely affected than daughters, and the impact on parents will be greater when rearing a son. Hypothesis 2 predicts that sons will be more adversely affected than daughters, and parents raising a son less affected. Although experimental chicks of both sexes. edged in poorer condition than controls, sons attained higher mass and more rapid growth than daughters in both groups. Clipped parents lost a similar proportion of their initial mass regardless of chick sex, whereas partners of clipped birds lost more mass when rearing a son. These results support hypothesis 1: impacts of increased foraging effort by one parent were felt by offspring, regardless of their sex, and by the partners of manipulated birds, particularly when the offspring was male. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Harding, A. M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Harding, A. M. A.; Hamer, K. C.] Univ Leeds, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
   [Kitaysky, A. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Hall, M. E.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England.
   [Welcker, J.; Gabrielsen, G. W.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
   [Talbot, S. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
   [Karnovsky, N. J.] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
   [Gremillet, D.] CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France.
RP Harding, AMA (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM aharding@usgs.gov
RI Hall, Maggie/C-7906-2009
FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor [388]; National Science
   Foundation [0612504]; USGS-Alaska Science Center; NPRB [RO320]; NSF
   EPSCoR NSF [0346770]
FX Many thanks to H. Routti, J. Fort, R. Orben, E. Weston, M. Anne
   Pella-Donnelly and K. Holser for their energy and assistance in the
   field, and M. Munck, NANU Travel, C. Egevang, F. Delbart, T. and T.
   Fischbach, and R. and J. Harding for their logistical support. We thank
   Z. Kitaiskaia for her expertly performed hormonal assays. This project
   was funded by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (Grant 388 to
   D. G.), and the National Science Foundation (grant 0612504 to A. M. A.
   H. and N.J.K.), and was supported by USGS-Alaska Science Center.
   Additional funding was provided by NPRB grant no. RO320 and NSF EPSCoR
   NSF no. 0346770 to A. S. K. The manuscript benefited from helpful
   reviews by A. Gall and S. Wang. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
   is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
   U. S. Government.
NR 101
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 20
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0003-3472
J9 ANIM BEHAV
JI Anim. Behav.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 78
IS 2
BP 321
EP 328
DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.05.009
PG 8
WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
GA 482QD
UT WOS:000268902900013
ER

PT J
AU Chaudhary, A
   Haack, SK
   Duris, JW
   Marsh, TL
AF Chaudhary, Anita
   Haack, Sheridan Kidd
   Duris, Joseph W.
   Marsh, Terence L.
TI Bacterial and Archaeal Phylogenetic Diversity of a Cold Sulfur-Rich
   Spring on the Shoreline of Lake Erie, Michigan
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PEARLS-LIKE MORPHOLOGY; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; SULFIDE-RICH; MOLECULAR
   CHARACTERIZATION; NATURAL COMMUNITIES; SUBMERGED SINKHOLE; TOXIC
   MICROCYSTIS; CRUDE-OIL; CAVE; WATER
AB Studies of sulfidic springs have provided new insights into microbial metabolism, groundwater biogeochemistry, and geologic processes. We investigated Great Sulphur Spring on the western shore of Lake Erie and evaluated the phylogenetic affiliations of 189 bacterial and 77 archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences from three habitats: the spring origin (11-m depth), bacterial-algal mats on the spring pond surface, and whitish filamentous materials from the spring drain. Water from the spring origin water was cold, pH 6.3, and anoxic (H(2), 5.4 nM; CH(4), 2.70 mu M) with concentrations of S(2-) (0.03 mM), SO(4)(2-) (14.8 mM), Ca(2-) (15.7 mM), and HCO(3)(-) (4.1 mM) similar to those in groundwater from the local aquifer. No archaeal and few bacterial sequences were >95% similar to sequences of cultivated organisms. Bacterial sequences were largely affiliated with sulfur-metabolizing or chemolithotrophic taxa in Beta-, Gamma-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. Epsilonproteobacteria sequences similar to those obtained from other sulfidic environments and a new clade of Cyanobacteria sequences were particularly abundant (16% and 40%, respectively) in the spring origin clone library. Crenarchaeota sequences associated with archaeal-bacterial consortia in whitish filaments at a German sulfidic spring were detected only in a similar habitat at Great Sulphur Spring. This study expands the geographic distribution of many uncultured Archaea and Bacteria sequences to the Laurentian Great Lakes, indicates possible roles for epsilonproteobacteria in local aquifer chemistry and karst formation, documents new oscillatorioid Cyanobacteria lineages, and shows that uncultured, cold-adapted Crenarchaeota sequences may comprise a significant part of the microbial community of some sulfidic environments.
C1 [Haack, Sheridan Kidd; Duris, Joseph W.] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI 48911 USA.
   [Chaudhary, Anita; Marsh, Terence L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
RP Haack, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA.
EM skhaack@usgs.gov
OI Duris, Joseph/0000-0002-8669-8109
FU National Agricultural Technical Project (NATP); Indian Council of
   Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
FX A. C. gratefully acknowledges funding from the National Agricultural
   Technical Project (NATP), Indian Council of Agricultural Research
   (ICAR), New Delhi, India. This study was funded in part by the U. S.
   Geological Survey Eastern Region Integrated Science Program and by
   support from the Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State
   University, to T. L. M.
NR 58
TC 13
Z9 18
U1 21
U2 35
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 75
IS 15
BP 5025
EP 5036
DI 10.1128/AEM.00112-09
PG 12
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 474VE
UT WOS:000268311600013
PM 19542341
ER

PT J
AU Smith, DB
AF Smith, David B.
TI Geochemical studies of North American soils: Results from the pilot
   study phase of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project
   Preface
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID HUMAN HEALTH
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Smith, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM dsmith@usgs.gov
NR 8
TC 14
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1355
EP 1356
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.006
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300001
ER

PT J
AU Smith, DB
   Woodruff, LG
   O'Leary, RM
   Cannon, WF
   Garrett, RG
   Kilburn, JE
   Goldhaber, MB
AF Smith, David B.
   Woodruff, Laurel G.
   O'Leary, Richard M.
   Cannon, William F.
   Garrett, Robert G.
   Kilburn, James E.
   Goldhaber, Martin B.
TI Pilot studies for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project
   - Site selection, sampling protocols, analytical methods, and quality
   control protocols
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HUMAN HEALTH; METALS
AB In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada sampled and chemically analyzed soils along two transects across Canada and the USA in preparation for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America. This effort was a pilot study to test and refine sampling protocols, analytical methods, quality control protocols, and field logistics for the continental survey. A total of 220 sample sites were selected at approximately 40-km intervals along the two transects. The ideal sampling protocol at each site called for a sample from a depth of 0-5 cm and a composite of each of the 0, A, and C horizons. The <2-mm fraction of each sample was analyzed for Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y. and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO(3), HClO(4), and HE Separate methods were used for Hg, Se, total C, and carbonate-C on this same size fraction. Only Ag, In, and Te had a large percentage of concentrations below the detection limit. Quality control (QC) of the analyses was monitored at three levels: the laboratory performing the analysis, the USGS QC officer, and the principal investigator for the study. This level of review resulted in an average of one QC sample for every 20 field samples, which proved to be minimally adequate for such a large-scale survey. Additional QC samples should be added to monitor within-batch quality to the extent that no more than 10 samples are analyzed between a QC sample. Only Cr (77%), Y (82%), and Sb (80%) fell outside the acceptable limits of accuracy (% recovery between 85 and 115%) because of likely residence in mineral phases resistant to the acid digestion. A separate sample of 0-5-cm material was collected at each site for determination of organic compounds. A subset of 73 of these samples was analyzed for a suite of 19 organochlorine pesticides by gas chromatography. Only three of these samples had detectable pesticide concentrations.
   A separate sample of A-horizon soil was collected for microbial characterization by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), soil enzyme assays, and determination of selected human and agricultural pathogens. Collection, preservation and analysis of samples for both organic compounds and microbial characterization add a great degree of complication to the sampling and preservation protocols and a significant increase to the cost for a continental-scale survey. Both these issues must be considered carefully prior to adopting these parameters as part of the soil geochemical survey of North America. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Smith, David B.; O'Leary, Richard M.; Kilburn, James E.; Goldhaber, Martin B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Woodruff, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55112 USA.
   [Cannon, William F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Garrett, Robert G.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada.
RP Smith, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM dsmith@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada
FX This study was jointly funded by the US Geological Survey and the
   Geological Survey of Canada. Thoughtful reviews by John Gray (USGS) and
   Paul Larnothe (USGS) greatly improved the manuscript.
NR 56
TC 39
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 18
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1357
EP 1368
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.008
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300002
ER

PT J
AU Woodruff, LG
   Cannon, WF
   Eberl, DD
   Smith, DB
   Kilburn, JE
   Horton, JD
   Garrett, RG
   Klassen, RA
AF Woodruff, Laurel G.
   Cannon, William F.
   Eberl, Dennis D.
   Smith, David B.
   Kilburn, James E.
   Horton, John D.
   Garrett, Robert G.
   Klassen, Rodney A.
TI Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy: Results
   from two transects across the United States and Canada
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC-MATTER; MERCURY; WISCONSIN; CHINA; DDT; USA
AB In 2004, the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) initiated a pilot study that involved collection of more than 1500 soil samples from 221 sites along two continental transects across Canada and the United States. The pilot study was designed to test and refine protocols for a soil geochemical survey of North America. The two transects crossed a wide array of soil parent materials, soil ages, climatic conditions, landforms, land covers and land uses. Sample sites were selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals from a population defined as all soils of the continent. At each site, soils representing 0 to 5 cm depth, and the 0, A, and C horizons, if present, were collected and analyzed for their near-total content of over 40 major and trace elements. Soils from 0-5 cm depth were also collected for analysis of organic compounds. Results from the transects confirm that soil samples collected at a 40-km spacing reveal coherent, continental- to subcontinental-scale geochemical and mineralogical patterns that can be correlated to aspects of underlying soil parent material, soil age and climate influence. The geochemical data also demonstrate that at the continental-scale the dominance of any of these major factors that control soil geochemistry can change across the landscape. Along both transects, soil mineralogy and geochemistry change abruptly with changes in soil parent materials. However, the chemical influence of a soil's parent material can be obscured by changing climatic conditions. For the transects, increasing precipitation from west to east and increasing temperature from north to south affect both soil mineralogy and geochemistry because of climate effects on soil weathering and leaching, and plant productivity. Regional anomalous metal concentrations can be linked to natural variations in soil parent materials, such as high Ni and Cr in soils developed on ultramafic rocks in California or high P in soils formed on weathered Ordovician limestones in central Kentucky. On local scales, anomalous metal concentrations recognized in soil profiles, such as high P in soils from animal confinement sites, are consistent with local anthropogenic disturbances. At a larger scale, the distribution of Hg across the west to east transect demonstrates that it can be difficult to distinguish between natural or anthropogenic contributions and that many factors can contribute to an element's spatial distribution.
   Only three samples in a subset of seventy-three 0-5 cm depth soil samples from the north to south transect had organochlorine pesticides values above the method detection limit, apparently related to historic usage of the pesticides DDT and dieldrin. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Woodruff, Laurel G.] US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55112 USA.
   [Cannon, William F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Eberl, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Smith, David B.; Kilburn, James E.; Horton, John D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Garrett, Robert G.; Klassen, Rodney A.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada.
RP Woodruff, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2280 Woodale Dr, St Paul, MN 55112 USA.
EM woodruff@usgs.gov
NR 61
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 31
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1369
EP 1381
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.009
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300003
ER

PT J
AU Eberl, DD
   Smith, DB
AF Eberl, D. D.
   Smith, David B.
TI Mineralogy of soils from two continental-scale transects across the
   United States and Canada and its relation to soil geochemistry and
   climate
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID LOESS
AB Quantitative mineralogy correlates with major, minor- and trace-element chemistry for 387 samples of A-horizon and deeper soils collected from east-west and north-south transects across the USA and Canada, where the deeper soils were collected beneath the A-horizon samples. Concentrations of the major elements correlate with specific mineral phases. Minor- and trace-element concentrations correlate with the same phases as the major elements with which they share similar geochemical behavior. Concentrations of quartz and feldspar correlate with precipitation trends east of the Rocky Mountains, and are independent of the underlying rock type and age, indicating that the weathering of soils in this region may have reached a steady-state mineralogy. Other trends in mineralogy relate to physiographic province. The combination of quantitative mineralogy and chemical analysis yields a much richer portrait of soils than can be gained from chemistry alone, because the origins of chemical trends and the chemical availability of specific elements are related to mineralogy. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Eberl, D. D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Eberl, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM ddeberl@usgs.gov
NR 24
TC 21
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1394
EP 1404
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.010
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300005
ER

PT J
AU Bern, CR
AF Bern, Carleton R.
TI Soil chemistry in lithologically diverse datasets: The quartz dilution
   effect
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; SEDIMENTS; ELEMENTS
AB National- and continental-scale soil geochemical datasets are likely to move our understanding of broad soil geochemistry patterns forward significantly. Patterns of chemistry and mineralogy delineated from these datasets are strongly influenced by the composition of the soil parent material, which itself is largely a function of lithology and particle size sorting. Such controls present a challenge by obscuring subtler patterns arising from subsequent pedogenic processes. Here the effect of quartz concentration is examined in moist-climate soils from a pilot dataset of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project. Due to variable and high quartz contents (6.2-81.7 wt.%), and its residual and inert nature in soil, quartz is demonstrated to influence broad patterns in soil chemistry. A dilution effect is observed whereby concentrations of various elements are significantly and strongly negatively correlated with quartz. Quartz content drives artificial positive correlations between concentrations of some elements and obscures negative correlations between others. Unadjusted soil data show the highly mobile base cations Ca, Mg, and Na to be often strongly positively correlated with intermediately mobile Al or Fe, and generally uncorrelated with the relatively immobile high-field-strength elements (HFS) Ti and Nb. Both patterns are contrary to broad expectations for soils being weathered and leached. After transforming bulk soil chemistry to a quartz-free basis, the base cations are generally uncorrelated with Al and Fe, and negative correlations generally emerge with the HFS elements. Quartz-free element data may be a useful tool for elucidating patterns of weathering or parent-material chemistry in large soil datasets. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Bern, Carleton R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Bern, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cbern@usgs.gov
OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781
NR 43
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1429
EP 1437
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.013
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300008
ER

PT J
AU Morman, SA
   Plumlee, GS
   Smith, DB
AF Morman, Suzette A.
   Plumlee, Geoffrey S.
   Smith, David B.
TI Application of in vitro extraction studies to evaluate element
   bioaccessibility in soils from a transect across the United States and
   Canada
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY; MINE-WASTE; LEAD;
   VALIDATION; SPECIATION; TRANSPORT; CR(III); CADMIUM; CR(VI)
AB In vitro bioaccessibility tests (IVBA) are inexpensive, physiologically-based extraction tests designed to estimate the bioaccessibility of elements along ingestion exposure pathways. Published IVBA protocols call for the testing to be done on the <250-mu m fraction of soil, as these particles are most likely to adhere to the hands of children and be ingested. Most IVBA in the literature to date have been applied to soil samples from highly contaminated sites or to spiked samples, and relatively little work has been done to evaluate bioaccessibility of elements in a wide variety of uncontaminated 'background' soils. In 2004, the US Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada sampled soils along north-south and east-west transects across the two countries to test and refine sampling and analytical protocols recommended for the planned soil geochemical survey of North America. Samples were collected at 220 sites selected randomly at approximately 40-km intervals. The focus of the investigation presented in this paper was twofold: (1) to begin to examine variations in bioaccessibility of As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in a number of 'background' (i.e., unpolluted) soils from around North America and (2) to determine if there are significant differences that would preclude using the standard size fraction of <2 mm for extraction with a simulated gastric fluid as an expeditious and inexpensive bioaccessibility screening tool for the large numbers of future samples to be collected by this continental-scale project. A subset of 20 soil samples collected along the north-south transect at a depth of 0-5 cm was used for this study. Two separate size fractions (<2 mm and <250 mu m) were extracted using a simulated human gastric fluid consisting of a solution of HCl and glycine adjusted to a pH of 1.5. In general, the leachate results for the <2-mm size fraction were not substantially different than those for the <250-mu m size fraction for concentrations of As. Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb. Leachate concentrations for Cd, Ni and Pb appear to be controlled to some extent by the total concentration of the element in soil. Bioaccessibility of the elements in this study decreased in the order, Cd > Pb > Ni > As > Cr. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Morman, Suzette A.; Plumlee, Geoffrey S.; Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Morman, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM smorman@usgs.gov
NR 39
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1454
EP 1463
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.015
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300010
ER

PT J
AU Griffin, DW
   Petrosky, T
   Morman, SA
   Luna, VA
AF Griffin, Dale W.
   Petrosky, Terry
   Morman, Suzette A.
   Luna, Vicki A.
TI A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils
   over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID NATIONAL-PARK; LETHAL TOXIN; DIVERSITY; SPORES; RESISTANCE;
   IDENTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTS; INFORMATION; PERSISTENCE; OUTBREAKS
AB Soil samples were collected along a north-south transect extending from Manitoba, Canada, to the US-Mexico border near El Paso, Texas in 2004 (104 samples), a group of sites within New Orleans, Louisiana following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 (19 samples), and a Gulf Coast transect extending from Sulphur, Louisiana, to DeFuniak Springs, Florida, in 2007 (38 samples). Samples were collected from the top 40 cm of soil and were screened for the presence of total Bacillus species and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), specifically using multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using an assay with a sensitivity of similar to 170 equivalent colony-forming units (CFU) g(-1) field moist soil, the prevalence rate of Bacillus sp./B. anthracis in the north-south transect and the 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina sample set were 20/5% and 26/26%, respectively. Prevalence in the 2007 Gulf Coast sample set using an assay with a sensitivity of similar to 4 CFU g(-1) of soil was 63/0%. Individual transect-set data indicate a positive relation between occurrences of species and soil moisture or soil constituents (i.e., Zn and Cu content). The 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina data indicated that B. anthracis is readily detectable in Gulf Coast soils following flood events. The data also indicated that occurrence, as it relates to soil chemistry, may be confounded by flood-induced dissemination of germinated cells and the mixing of soil constituents for short temporal periods following an event. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Griffin, Dale W.; Petrosky, Terry] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
   [Morman, Suzette A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Luna, Vicki A.] Univ S Florida, Ctr Biol Def, Tampa, FL 33612 USA.
RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2010 Levy Ave,Suite 100, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
EM dgriffin@usgs.gov
NR 57
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1464
EP 1471
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.016
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300011
ER

PT J
AU Reeves, JB
   Smith, DB
AF Reeves, James B., III
   Smith, David B.
TI The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
   for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a
   geochemical survey of North America
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS;
   PREDICTION; CARBON; CALIBRATIONS; REGRESSION; FOURIER
AB In 2004, soils were collected at 220 sites along two transects across the USA and Canada as a pilot study for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America (North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project). The objective of the current study was to examine the potential of diffuse reflectance (DR) Fourier Transform (FT) mid-infrared (mid-IR) and near-infrared (NIRS) spectroscopy to reduce the need for conventional analysis for the determination of major and trace elements in such continental-scale surveys. Soil samples (n = 720) were collected from two transects (east-west across the USA, and north-south from Manitoba. Canada to El Paso, Texas (USA), n = 453 and 267, respectively). The samples came from 19 USA states and the province of Manitoba in Canada. They represented 31 types of land use (e.g., national forest, rangeland, etc.), and 123 different land covers (e.g., soybeans, oak forest, etc.). The samples represented a combination of depth-based sampling (0-5 cm) and horizon-based sampling (0, A and C horizons) with 123 different depths identified. The set was very diverse with few samples similar in land use, land cover, etc. All samples were analyzed by conventional means for the near-total concentration of 49 analytes (C(total), C(carbonate) and C(organic), and 46 major and trace elements). Spectra were obtained using dried, ground samples using a Digilab FTS-7000 FT spectrometer in the mid- (4000-400 cm(-1)) and near-infrared (10,000-4000 cm(-1)) at 4 cm(-1) resolution (64 co-added scans per spectrum) using a Pike AutoDIFF DR autosampler. Partial least squares calibrations were develop using: (1) all samples as a calibration set; (2) samples evenly divided into calibration and validation sets based on spectral diversity; and (3) samples divided to have matching analyte concentrations in calibration and validation sets. In general, results supported the conclusion that neither mid-IR nor NIRS would be particularly useful in reducing the need for conventional analysis of soils from this continental-scale geochemical survey. The extreme sample diversity, likely caused by the widely varied parent material, land use at the site of collection (e.g., grazing, recreation, agriculture, etc.), and climate resulted in poor calibrations even for C(total), C(organic) and C(carbonate). The results indicated potential for mid-IR and NIRS to differentiate soils containing high concentrations (>100 mg/kg) of some metals (e.g., Co, Cr, Ni) from low-level samples (<50 mg/kg). However, because of the small number of high-level samples, it is possible that differentiation was based on factors other than metal concentration. Results for Mg and Sr were good, but results for other metals examined were fair to poor, at best. In essence, it appears that the great variation in chemical and physical properties seen in soils from this continental-scale survey resulted in each sample being virtually unique. Thus, suitable spectroscopic calibrations were generally not possible. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Reeves, James B., III] USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   [Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM James.Reeves@ars.usda.gov
NR 47
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 2
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1472
EP 1481
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300012
ER

PT J
AU Goldhaber, MB
   Morrison, JM
   Holloway, JM
   Wanty, RB
   Helsel, DR
   Smith, DB
AF Goldhaber, Martin B.
   Morrison, Jean M.
   Holloway, JoAnn M.
   Wanty, Richard B.
   Helsel, Dennis R.
   Smith, David B.
TI A regional soil and sediment geochemical study in northern California
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID GREAT VALLEY GROUP; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FORE-ARC BASIN; SACRAMENTO
   VALLEY; MINE DRAINAGE; CHRONOSEQUENCE; ALLUVIUM; MERCURY; ROCKS;
   GEOMORPHOLOGY
AB Regional-scale variations in soil geochemistry were investigated in a 20,000-km(2) study area in northern California that includes the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, the southern Sacramento Valley and the northern Coast Ranges. Over 1300 archival soil samples collected from the late 1970s to 1980 in El Dorado, Placer, Sutter, Sacramento, Yolo and Solano counties were analyzed for 42 elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry following a near-total dissolution. These data were supplemented by analysis of more than 500 stream-sediment samples from higher elevations in the Sierra Nevada from the same study site. The relatively high-density data (1 sample per 15 km(2) for much of the study area) allows the delineation of regional geochemical patterns and the identification of processes that produced these patterns. The geochemical results segregate broadly into distinct element groupings whose distribution reflects the interplay of geologic, hydrologic, geomorphic and anthropogenic factors. One such group includes elements associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks including Cr, Ni, V, Co, Cu and Mg. Using Cr as an example, elevated concentrations occur in soils overlying ultrarnafic rocks in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada (median Cr = 160 mg/kg) as well as in the northern Coast Ranges. Low concentrations of these elements occur in soils located further upslope in the Sierra Nevada overlying Tertiary volcanic, metasedimentary and plutonic rocks (granodiorite and diorite). Eastern Sacramento Valley soil samples, defined as those located east of the Sacramento River, are lower in Cr (median Cr = 84 mg/kg), and are systematically lower in this suite compared to soils from the west side of the Sacramento Valley (median Cr = 130 mg/kg). A second group of elements showing a coherent pattern, including Ca, K, Sr and REE, is derived from relatively silicic rocks types. This group occurs at elevated concentrations in soils overlying volcanic and plutonic rocks at higher elevations in the Sierras (e.g. median La = 28 mg/kg) and the east side of the Sacramento Valley (median 20 mg/kg) compared to soils overlying ultrarnafic rocks in the Sierra Nevada foothills (median 15 mg/kg) and the western Sacramento Valley (median 14 mg/kg). The segregation of soil geochemistry into distinctive groupings across the Sacramento River arises from the former presence of a natural levee (now replaced by an artificial one) along the banks of the river. This levee has been a barrier to sediment transport. Sediment transport to the Valley by glacial outwash from higher elevations in the Sierra Nevada and, more recently, debris from placer Au mining has dominated sediment transport to the eastern Valley. High content of mafic elements (and low content of silicic elements) in surface soil in the west side of the valley is due to a combination of lack of silicic source rocks, transport of ultrarnafic rock material from the Coast Ranges, and input of sediment from the late Mesozoic Great Valley Group, which is itself enriched in mafic elements. A third group of elements (Zn, Cd, As and Cu) reflect the impact of mining activity. Soil with elevated content of these elements occurs along the Sacramento River in both levee and adjacent flood basin settings. It is interpreted that transport of sediment down the Sacramento River from massive sulfide mines in the Klamath Mountains to the north has caused this pattern.
   The Pb, and to some extent Zn, distribution patterns are strongy impacted by anthropogenic inputs. Elevated Pb content is localized in major cites and along major highways due to inputs from leaded gasoline. Zinc has a similar distribution pattern but the source is tire wear. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Goldhaber, Martin B.; Morrison, Jean M.; Holloway, JoAnn M.; Wanty, Richard B.; Helsel, Dennis R.; Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Goldhaber, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mgold@usgs.gov
RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012
OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668
NR 66
TC 28
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 18
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1482
EP 1499
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.018
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300013
ER

PT J
AU Morrison, JM
   Goldhaber, MB
   Lee, L
   Holloway, JM
   Wanty, RB
   Wolf, RE
   Ranville, JF
AF Morrison, Jean M.
   Goldhaber, Martin B.
   Lee, Lopaka
   Holloway, JoAnn M.
   Wanty, Richard B.
   Wolf, Ruth E.
   Ranville, James F.
TI A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern
   California, USA
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; SERPENTINE SOILS; OXIDATION;
   GEOCHEMISTRY; GROUNDWATER; MANGANESE; BEHAVIOR; GENESIS; VALLEY
AB A soil geochemical survey was conducted in a 27,000-km(2) study area of northern California that includes the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the Sacramento Valley, and the northern Coast Range. The results show that soil geochemistry in the Sacramento Valley is controlled primarily by the transport and weathering of parent material from the Coast Range to the west and the Sierra Nevada to the east. Chemically and mineralogically distinctive ultramafic (UM) rocks (e.g. serpentinite) outcrop extensively in the Coast Range and Sierra Nevada. These rocks and the soils derived from them have elevated concentrations of Cr and Ni. Surface soil samples derived from UM rocks of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range contain 1700-10,000 mg/kg Cr and 1300-3900 mg/kg Ni. Valley soils west of the Sacramento River contain 80-1420 mg/kg Cr and 65-224 mg/kg Ni, reflecting significant contributions from UM sources in the Coast Range. Valley soils on the east side contain 30-370 mg/kg Cr and 16-110 mg/kg Ni. Lower Cr and Ni concentrations on the east side of the valley are the result of greater dilution by granitic sources of the Sierra Nevada.
   Chromium occurs naturally in the Cr(Ill) and Cr(VI) oxidation states. Trivalent Cr is a non-toxic micronutrient, but Cr(VI) is a highly soluble toxin and carcinogen. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of soils with an UM parent show Cr primarily occurs within chromite and other mixed-composition spinels (Al, Mg, Fe, Cr). Chromite contains Cr(III) and is highly refractory with respect to weathering. Comparison of a 4-acid digestion (HNO(3), HCl, HF, HClO(4)), which only partially dissolves chromite, and total digestion by lithium metaborate (LiBO(3)) fusion, indicates a lower proportion of chromite-bound Cr in valley soils relative to UM source soils. Groundwater on the west side of the Sacramento Valley has particularly high concentrations of dissolved Cr ranging up to 50 mu g L(-1) and averaging 16.4 mu g L(-1). This suggests redistribution of Cr during weathering and oxidation of Cr(III)-bearing minerals. It is concluded that regional-scale transport and weathering of ultramafic-derived constituents have resulted in enrichment of Cr and Ni in the Sacramento Valley and a partial change in the residence of Cr. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Morrison, Jean M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Holloway, JoAnn M.; Wanty, Richard B.; Wolf, Ruth E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Ranville, James F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Morrison, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jmorrison@usgs.gov
RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011; Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012; 
OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668; ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885
FU US Geological Survey's Geochemical Landscapes Project
FX This study is part of the US Geological Survey's Geochemical Landscapes
   Project (Project Chiefs David B. Smith and Martin B. Goldhaber). The
   authors would like to acknowledge George Breit, Monique Adams and
   Heather Lowers for their contributions to this research. Randy Southard
   and Toby O'Geen provided assistance in obtaining soil archives from
   University of California, Davis. We also thank David Smith and Robert
   Zielinski for thoughtful reviews that improved this manuscript.
NR 43
TC 41
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1500
EP 1511
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.027
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300014
ER

PT J
AU Wanty, RB
   Goldhaber, MB
   Morrison, JM
   Lee, L
AF Wanty, Richard B.
   Goldhaber, Martin B.
   Morrison, Jean M.
   Lee, Lopaka
TI Regional variations in water quality and relationships to soil and
   bedrock weathering in the southern Sacramento Valley, California, USA
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; GRANITIC ALLUVIUM; CHRONOSEQUENCE; AQUIFER;
   RATES; AREA
AB Regional patterns in ground- and surface-water chemistry of the southern Sacramento Valley in California were evaluated using publicly available geochemical data from the US Geological Survey's National Water Information System (NWIS). Within the boundaries of the study area, more than 2300 groundwater analyses and more than 20,000 surface-water analyses were available. Ground-waters from the west side of the Sacramento Valley contain greater concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, B, Cl and SO(4), while the east-side ground-waters contain greater concentrations of silica and K. These differences result from variations in surface-water chemistry as well as from chemical reactions between water and aquifer materials. Sediments that fill the Sacramento Valley were derived from highlands to the west (the Coast Ranges) and east (the Sierra Nevada Mountains), the former having an oceanic provenance and the latter continental. These geologic differences are at least in part responsible for the observed patterns in ground-water chemistry. Thermal springs that are common along the west side of the Sacramento Valley appear to have an effect on surface-water chemistry, which in turn may affect the ground-water chemistry. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Wanty, Richard B.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Morrison, Jean M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Wanty, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM rwanty@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey
FX The Mineral Resources Program of the US Geological Survey provided
   funding for this study. The authors would especially like to thank
   reviewers P.L. Verplanck and W.M. Edmunds for their insightful comments.
NR 47
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1512
EP 1523
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.019
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300015
ER

PT J
AU McCafferty, AE
   Van Gosen, BS
AF McCafferty, A. E.
   Van Gosen, B. S.
TI Airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly signatures of serpentinite in
   relation to soil geochemistry, northern California
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; CHROMIUM
AB Serpentinized ultramafic rocks and associated soils in northern California are characterized by high concentrations of Cr and Ni, low levels of radioelements (K, Th, and U) and high amounts of ferrimagnetic minerals (primarily magnetite). Geophysical attributes over ultramafic rocks, which include airborne gamma-ray and magnetic anomaly data, are quantified and provide indirect measurements on the relative abundance of radioelements and magnetic minerals, respectively. Attributes are defined through a statistical modeling approach and the results are portrayed as probabilities in chart and map form. Two predictive models are presented, including one derived from the aeromagnetic anomaly data and one from a combination of the airborne K, Th and U gamma-ray data. Both models distinguish preferential values within the aerogeophysical data that coincide with mapped and potentially unmapped ultramafic rocks. The magnetic predictive model shows positive probabilities associated with magnetic anomaly highs and, to a lesser degree. anomaly lows, which accurately locate many known ultramafic outcrops, but more interestingly, locate potentially unmapped ultramafic rocks, possible extensions of ultramafic bodies that dip into the shallow subsurface, as well as prospective buried ultramafic rocks. The airborne radiometric model shows positive probabilities in association with anomalously low gamma radiation measurements over ultramafic rock, which is similar to that produced by gabbro, metavolcanic rock, and water bodies. All of these features share the characteristic of being depleted in K, Th and U. Gabbro is the only rock type in the study area that shares similar magnetic properties with the ultramafic rock. The aerogeophysical model results are compared to the distribution of ultramafic outcrops and to Cr, Ni, K. Th and U concentrations and magnetic susceptibility measurements from soil samples. Analysis of the soil data indicates high positive correlation between magnetic susceptibilities and concentration of Cr and Ni. Although the study focused on characterizing the geophysical properties of ultramafic rocks and associated soils, it has also yielded information on other rock types in addition to ultramafic rocks, which can also locally host naturally-occurring asbestos; specifically, gabbro and metavolcanic rocks. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [McCafferty, A. E.; Van Gosen, B. S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP McCafferty, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM anne@usgs.gov
OI Van Gosen, Bradley/0000-0003-4214-3811
NR 45
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1524
EP 1537
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.007
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300016
ER

PT J
AU Holloway, JM
   Goldhaber, MB
   Morrison, JM
AF Holloway, JoAnn M.
   Goldhaber, Martin B.
   Morrison, Jean M.
TI Geomorphic controls on mercury accumulation in soils from a historically
   mined watershed, Central California Coast Range, USA
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ALMADEN MINING DISTRICT; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SEDIMENTS; NORTHERN;
   SPECIATION; EMISSIONS; WASTES; SPAIN; AREA
AB Historic Hg mining in the Cache Creek watershed in the Central California Coast Range has contributed to the downstream transport of Hg to the San Francisco Bay-Delta. Different aspects of Hg mobilization in soils, including pedogenesis, fluvial redistribution of sediment, volatilization and eolian transport were considered. The greatest soil concentrations (>30 mg Hg kg(-1)) in Cache Creek are associated with mineralized serpentinite, the host rock for Hg deposits. Upland soils with non-mineralized serpentine and sedimentary parent material also had elevated concentrations (0.9-3.7 mg Hg kg(-1)) relative to the average concentration in the region and throughout the conterminous United States (0.06 mg kg(-1)). Erosion of soil and destabilized rock and mobilization of tailings and calcines into surrounding streams have contributed to Hg-rich alluvial soil forming in wetlands and floodplains. The concentration of Hg in floodplain sediment shows sediment dispersion from low-order catchments (5.6-9.6 mg Hg kg(-1) in Sulphur Creek; 0.5-61 mg Hg kg(-1) in Davis Creek) to Cache Creek (0.1-0.4 mg Hg kg(-1)). These sediments, deposited onto the floodplain during high-flow storm events, yield elevated Hg concentrations (0.2-55 mg Hg kg(-1)) in alluvial soils in upland watersheds. Alluvial soils within the Cache Creek watershed accumulate Hg from upstream mining areas, with concentrations between 0.06 and 0.22 mg Hg kg(-1) measured in soils similar to 90 km downstream from Hg mining areas. Alluvial soils have accumulated Hg released through historic mining activities, remobilizing this Hg to streams as the soils erode. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Holloway, JoAnn M.; Goldhaber, Martin B.; Morrison, Jean M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jholloway@usgs.gov
RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012
OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668
FU US Geological Survey
FX This work was funded in part through the US Geological Survey Mendenhall
   Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Toby O'Geen (University of California -
   Davis) and Susan Southard (Natural Resources Conservation Service)
   contributed their time and expertise in pedology, with additional field
   assistance provided by Isabel Montanez and Kate Scow (both University of
   California - Davis) and David B. Smith (US Geological Survey).
   Permission to access the Davis Creek area was granted by the University
   of California Donald and Sylvia McLaughlin Natural Reserve and the
   Barrick Mining Corporation's McLaughlin Mine remediation staff. Access
   to the Sulphur Creek area was through the kind permission of the owner
   and staff of Wilbur Hot Springs. We thank John Gray (US Geological
   Survey) and Susan Southard for their input on a previous version of this
   manuscript.
NR 50
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1538
EP 1548
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.020
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300017
ER

PT J
AU Tuttle, MLW
   Breit, GN
AF Tuttle, Michele L. W.
   Breit, George N.
TI Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky, USA: I. Weathering zones
   defined by mineralogy and major-element composition
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK-SHALE; METAL ENRICHMENT; ROCK;
   GEOCHEMISTRY; PEDOGENESIS; DISSOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; VERTISOL; DRAINAGE
AB Comprehensive understanding of chemical and mineralogical changes induced by weathering is valuable information when considering the supply of nutrients and toxic elements from rocks. Here minerals that release and fix major elements during progressive weathering of a bed of Devonian New Albany Shale in eastern Kentucky are documented. Samples were collected from unweathered core (parent shale) and across an outcrop excavated into a hillside 40 year prior to sampling. Quantitative X-ray diffraction mineralogical data record progressive shale alteration across the outcrop. Mineral compositional changes reflect subtle alteration processes such as incongruent dissolution and cation exchange. Altered primary minerals include K-feldspars, plagioclase, calcite, pyrite, and chlorite. Secondary minerals include jarosite, gypsum, goethite, amorphous Fe(III) oxides and Fe(II)-Al sulfate salt (efflorescence). The mineralogy in weathered shale defines four weathered intervals on the outcrop-Zones A-C and soil. Alteration of the weakly weathered shale (Zone A) is attributed to the 40-a exposure of the shale. In this zone, pyrite oxidization produces acid that dissolves calcite and attacks chlorite, forming gypsum, jarosite, and minor efflorescent salt. The pre-excavation, active weathering front (Zone B) is where complete pyrite oxidation and alteration of feldspar and organic matter result in increased permeability. Acidic weathering solutions seep through the permeable shale and evaporate on the surface forming abundant efflorescent salt, jarosite and minor goethite. intensely weathered shale (Zone C) is depleted in feldspars, chlorite, gypsum, jarosite and efflorescent salts, but has retained much of its primary quartz, illite and illite-smectite. Goethite and amorphous FE(111) oxides increase due to hydrolysis of jarosite. Enhanced permeability in this zone is due to a 14% loss of the original mass in parent shale. Denudation rates suggest that characteristics of Zone C were acquired over I Ma. Compositional differences between soil and Zone C are largely attributed to illuvial processes, formation of additional Fe(Ill) oxides and incorporation of modern organic matter. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Tuttle, Michele L. W.; Breit, George N.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80215 USA.
RP Tuttle, MLW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964D,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80215 USA.
EM mtuttle@usgs.gov
NR 60
TC 37
Z9 40
U1 4
U2 27
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1549
EP 1564
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.021
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300018
ER

PT J
AU Tuttle, MLW
   Breit, GN
   Goldhaber, MB
AF Tuttle, Michele L. W.
   Breit, George N.
   Goldhaber, Martin B.
TI Weathering of the New Albany Shale, Kentucky: II. Redistribution of
   minor and trace elements
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK-SHALE; ATMOSPHERIC O-2; USA;
   CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; INDIANA; SULFUR; ENVIRONMENTS; DIAGENESIS
AB During weathering, elements enriched in black shale are dispersed in the environment by aqueous and mechanical transport. Here a unique evaluation of the differential release, transport, and fate of Fe and 15 trace elements during progressive weathering of the Devonian New Albany Shale in Kentucky is presented. Results of chemical analyses along a weathering profile (unweathered through progressively weathered shale to soil) describe the chemically distinct pathways of the trace elements and the rate that elements are transferred into the broader, local environment. Trace elements enriched in the unweathered shale are in massive or framboidal pyrite, minor sphalerite, CuS and NiS phases, organic matter and clay minerals. These phases are subject to varying degrees and rates of alteration along the profile. Cadmium, Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn are removed from weathered shale during sulfide-mineral oxidation and transported primarily in aqueous solution. The aqueous fluxes for these trace elements range from 0.1 g/ha/a (Cd) to 44 g/ha/a (Mn). When hydrologic and climatic conditions are favorable, solutions seep to surface exposures, evaporate, and form Fe-sulfate efflorescent salts rich in these elements. Elements that remain dissolved in the low pH (<4) streams and groundwater draining New Albany Shale watersheds become fixed by reactions that increase pH. Neutralization of the weathering solution in local streams results in elements being adsorbed and precipitated onto sediment surfaces, resulting in trace element anomalies.
   Other elements are strongly adsorbed or structurally bound to solid phases during weathering. Copper and U initially are concentrated in weathering solutions, but become fixed to modern plant litter in soil formed on New Albany Shale. Molybdenum, Ph, Sb, and Se are released from sulfide minerals and organic matter by oxidation and accumulate in Fe-oxyhydroxide clay coatings that concentrate in surface soil during illuviation. Chromium, Ti, and V are strongly correlated with clay abundance and considered to be in the structure of illitic clay. Illite undergoes minimal alteration during weathering and is concentrated during illuvial processes. Arsenic concentration increases across the weathering profile and is associated with the succession of secondary Fe(Ill) minerals that form with progressive weathering. Detrital fluxes of particle-bound trace elements range from 0.1 g/ha/a (Sb) to 8 g/ha/a (Mo). Although many of the elements are concentrated in the stream sediments, changes in pH and redox conditions along the sediment transport path could facilitate their release for aqueous transport. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Tuttle, Michele L. W.; Breit, George N.; Goldhaber, Martin B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80215 USA.
RP Tuttle, MLW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964D,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80215 USA.
EM mtuttle@usgs.gov
NR 74
TC 45
Z9 47
U1 3
U2 37
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1565
EP 1578
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.034
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300019
ER

PT J
AU Cannon, WF
   Horton, JD
AF Cannon, W. F.
   Horton, John D.
TI Soil geochemical signature of urbanization and industrialization -
   Chicago, Illinois, USA
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID URBAN AIR; LEAD; MICHIGAN; CADMIUM; ZINC; DEPOSITION; MERCURY; METALS;
   COPPER; NICKEL
AB The concentrations of 45 elements in ambient (not obviously disturbed) surface soils were determined for 57 sites distributed throughout the city of Chicago, Illinois in the upper Midwestern United States. These concentrations were compared to soils from 105 sites from a largely agricultural region within a 500-km radius surrounding the city and to soils collected from 90 sites across the state of Illinois. Although the bulk composition of the Chicago urban soils reflects largely natural sources, the soils are significantly enriched in many trace elements, apparently from anthropogenic sources. The median concentration of Pb in Chicago soils is 198 mg/kg, a 13-fold enrichment compared to regional concentrations. Zinc (median 235 mg/kg), Cu (59 mg/kg), and Ni (31 mg/kg) are also enriched from 2- to 4-fold in Chicago soils and all four elements show strong mutual correlations. These elevated concentrations are most likely related to vehicular and roadway sources and represent uneven distribution across the city as airborne material. Other airborne particulate material from a combination of fossil fuel combustion, waste incineration, and steel production may contribute to apparent elevated concentrations in Chicago soil of Fe (median 2.9%), Mo (5 mg/kg), V (82 mg/kg) and S (0.09%). Chicago soils are enriched from about 1.6- to 3-fold in these elements. Enrichments in P and Se may be caused by direct addition of phosphate fertilizer to parklands, lawns and gardens. The density of the sampling (1 site per 10 km(2)) is inadequate to define the distribution of the observed enrichments within the city or to predict soil compositions for most of the areas between sample sites, but does provide a statistically significant signature of the history of urban and industrial activity within the city in contrast to the surrounding agricultural lands. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Cannon, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Horton, John D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Cannon, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM wcannon@usgs.gov
NR 34
TC 19
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 51
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1590
EP 1601
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.023
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300021
ER

PT J
AU Grunsky, EC
   Drew, LJ
   Sutphin, DM
AF Grunsky, Eric C.
   Drew, Lawrence J.
   Sutphin, David M.
TI Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment
   geochemical data
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PARENT MATERIAL
AB Stream-sediment and soil geochemical data from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains of South Carolina (USA) were studied to determine relationships between soils and stream sediments. From multi-element associations, characteristic compositions were determined for both media. Primary associations of elements reflect mineralogy, including heavy minerals, carbonates and clays, and the effects of groundwater. The effects of groundwater on element concentrations are more evident in soils than stream sediments. A "winnowing index" was created using ratios of Th to Al that revealed differing erosional and depositional environments. Both soils and stream sediments from the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains show derivation from similar materials and subsequent similar multi-element relationships, but have some distinct differences. In the Lower Coastal Plain, soils have high values of elements concentrated in heavy minerals (Ce, Y, Th) that grade into high values of elements concentrated into finer-grain-size, lower-density materials, primarily comprised of carbonates and feldspar minerals (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al). These gradational trends in mineralogy and geochemistry are inferred to reflect reworking of materials during marine transgressions and regressions. Upper Coastal Plain stream-sediment geochemistry shows a higher winnowing index relative to soil geochemistry. A comparison of the 4 media (Upper Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments and Lower Coastal Plain soils and stream sediments) shows that Upper Coastal Plain stream sediments have a higher winnowing index and a higher concentration of elements contained within heavy minerals, whereas Lower Coastal Plain stream sediments show a strong correlation between elements typically contained within clays. It is not possible to calculate a functional relationship between stream sediment-soil compositions for all elements due to the complex history of weathering, deposition, reworking and re-deposition. However, depending on the spatial separation of the stream-sediment and soil samples, some elements are more highly correlated than others. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Grunsky, Eric C.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada.
   [Drew, Lawrence J.; Sutphin, David M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Grunsky, EC (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada.
EM egrunsky@NRCan.gc.ca
NR 24
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 8
BP 1602
EP 1616
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.024
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487QQ
UT WOS:000269290300022
ER

PT J
AU Ingersoll, CG
   Kemble, NE
   Kunz, JL
   Brumbaugh, WG
   MacDonald, DD
   Smorong, D
AF Ingersoll, Christopher G.
   Kemble, Nile E.
   Kunz, James L.
   Brumbaugh, William G.
   MacDonald, Donald D.
   Smorong, Dawn
TI Toxicity of Sediment Cores Collected from the Ashtabula River in
   Northeastern Ohio, USA, to the Amphipod Hyalella azteca
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; QUALITY
   GUIDELINES; WATER; TESTS; MONTANA
AB This study was conducted to support a Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration project associated with the Ashtabula River in Ohio. The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemistry and toxicity of 50 sediment samples obtained from five cores collected from the Ashtabula River (10 samples/core, with each 10-cm-diameter core collected to a total depth of about 150 cm). Effects of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) measured in the sediment samples were evaluated by measuring whole-sediment chemistry and whole-sediment toxicity in the sediment samples (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], organochlorine pesticides, and metals). Effects on the amphipod Hyalella azteca at the end of a 28-day sediment toxicity test were determined by comparing survival or length of amphipods in individual sediment samples in the cores to the range of responses of amphipods exposed to selected reference sediments that were also collected from the cores. Mean survival or length of amphipods was below the lower limit of the reference envelope in 56% of the sediment samples. Concentrations of total PCBs alone in some samples or concentrations of total PAHs alone in other samples were likely high enough to have caused the reduced survival or length of amphipods (i.e., concentrations of PAHs or PCBs exceeded mechanistically based and empirically based sediment quality guidelines). While elevated concentrations of ammonia in pore water may have contributed to the reduced length of amphipods, it is unlikely that the reduced length was caused solely by elevated ammonia (i.e., concentrations of ammonia were not significantly correlated with the concentrations of PCBs or PAHs and concentrations of ammonia were elevated both in the reference sediments and in the test sediments). Results of this study show that PAHs, PCBs, and ammonia are the primary COPCs that are likely causing or substantially contributing to the toxicity to sediment-dwelling organisms.
C1 [Ingersoll, Christopher G.; Kemble, Nile E.; Kunz, James L.; Brumbaugh, William G.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
   [MacDonald, Donald D.; Smorong, Dawn] MacDonald Environm Sci Ltd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1W6, Canada.
RP Ingersoll, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA.
EM cingersoll@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and
   Restoration Program
FX We thank Dave DeVault and Jeromy Applegate of the USFWS for identifying
   the sampling locations and for collecting the sediment samples. The
   assistance of Phil Williams, Brent Kuenzli, and Regan (Sig) Williams of
   the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency during sample collection and
   processing is also appreciated. We also thank Eric Brunson, Doug
   Hardesty, Eugene Greer, Chris Ivey, Ning Wang, Dave Whites, and Kathy
   Echols of the CERC for technical assistance provided during the study.
   Jay Field and Jeromy Applegate provided helpful review comments on the
   manuscript. This study was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the
   Interior Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program. The
   manuscript was reviewed in accordance with U. S. Geological Survey
   policy. References to trade names or manufacturers do not imply
   government endorsements of commercial products.
NR 31
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 57
IS 2
BP 315
EP 329
DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9332-9
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 462EL
UT WOS:000267329800013
PM 19468666
ER

PT J
AU Fredricks, TB
   Fedynich, AM
   Benn, S
   Ford, L
AF Fredricks, Timothy B.
   Fedynich, Alan M.
   Benn, Steve
   Ford, Larisa
TI Environmental Contaminants in White-Winged Doves (Zenaida asiatica
   asiatica) from the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, USA
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; METAL CONTAMINATION; METHYL PARATHION;
   HEAVY-METALS; LEAD; EXPOSURE; SELENIUM; DUCKS; BIRDS; ORGANOCHLORINE
AB Our study determined if white-winged doves (WWDs; Zenaida asiatica asiatica) breeding in locations where environmentally persistent contaminants occur in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas have levels of contaminants that can hinder reproduction. During summer 2003, 70 (32 males, 38 females) adult WWDs were collected from 8 at-risk sites. Liver tissues were analyzed for ten major and trace elements and muscle tissues were analyzed for 20 organochlorine compounds, 21 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, and toxaphene. Samples were compared to ten (five male, five female) captive-raised control WWDs. Arsenic, chromium, and lead were not detected or were below the detection limit, whereas copper, zinc, selenium, mercury, nickel, cadmium, and silver were detected in 70 (100%), 70 (100%), 52 (74%), 21 (30%), 4 (6%), 1 (1%), and 1 (1%) WWDs, respectively. None of the detected elements had significant sampling site, bird gender, or Site x Gender interactions, and each occurred at background levels. Toxaphene and polychlorinated biphenyls were not detected, whereas DDE, dieldrin, gamma-BHC, and chlordane were detected in 13 (19%), 5 (7%), 2 (3%), and 1 (1%) field-collected WWDs, respectively, but all concentrations occurred at background levels. Concentrations of elements and compounds in field-collected WWDs did not significantly differ from those of the controls. Correlations between leukocyte counts and detectable contaminants generally indicated no correlation between each percentage of leukocyte type present and levels of selenium, copper, zinc, mercury, or DDE detected. One sample that had 0.072 mu g/g dieldrin exhibited a low lymphocyte percentage (66%) out of only five samples. Comparisons could not be made with gamma-BHC, chlordane, or the other elements that had a low number of samples with detectable levels. Overall, concentrations of elements and organochlorines found in WWDs were below levels known to impair reproduction and survival in birds.
C1 [Fredricks, Timothy B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Fredricks, Timothy B.; Fedynich, Alan M.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA.
   [Benn, Steve] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA.
   [Ford, Larisa] Texas A&M Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
RP Fredricks, TB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, 203 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM fredri29@msu.edu
FU Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute [08-125]
FX Funding for this research was provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife
   Department with proceeds from the white-winged dove hunting stamp. The
   authors thank Jaclyn Canas, Ed Scollon, George Cobb, and Gopal
   Coimbatore for assistance with analytical method development and
   elements analyses. This is manuscript No. 08-125 of the Caesar Kleberg
   Wildlife Research Institute.
NR 58
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 57
IS 2
BP 387
EP 396
DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9274-7
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 462EL
UT WOS:000267329800020
PM 19112559
ER

PT J
AU Jones, BM
   Kolden, CA
   Jandt, R
   Abatzoglou, JT
   Urban, F
   Arp, CD
AF Jones, Benjamin M.
   Kolden, Crystal A.
   Jandt, Randi
   Abatzoglou, John T.
   Urban, Frank
   Arp, Christopher D.
TI Fire Behavior, Weather, and Burn Severity of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River
   Tundra Fire, North Slope, Alaska
SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SEWARD PENINSULA; VEGETATION; FOREST
AB In 2007, the Anaktuvuk River Fire (ARF) became the largest recorded tundra fire Oil the North Slope of Alaska. The ARF burned for nearly three months. consuming more than 100,000 ha. At its peak in early September, the ARF burned at a rate of 7000 ha d(-1). The conditions potentially responsible for this large tundra fire include modeled record high summer temperature and record low summer precipitation, I late-season high-pressure system located over the Beaufort Sea, extremely dry soil conditions throughout the summer, and Sustained Southerly winds during the period of vegetation senescence. Burn severity mapping revealed that more than 80% of the ARF burned at moderate to extreme severity, while the nearby Kuparuk River Fire remained small and burned at predominantly (80%) low severity. While this study provides information that may aid in the prediction of Future large tundra Fires in northern Alaska, the fact that three other tundra fires that occurred in 2007 combined to burn less than 1000 ha Suggests site specific complexities associated with tundra fires on the North Slope, which may hamper the development Of tundra fire forecasting models.
C1 [Jones, Benjamin M.; Kolden, Crystal A.; Arp, Christopher D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Jandt, Randi] Bur Land Management, Alaska Fire Serv, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA.
   [Abatzoglou, John T.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA.
   [Urban, Frank] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Earth Surface Proc Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
   [Jones, Benjamin M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Jones, BM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM bjones@usgs.gov
RI Abatzoglou, John/C-7635-2012; Jandt, Randi/E-9018-2013; 
OI Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750; Arp,
   Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225
FU U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center; Bureau of Land Management
FX We kindly thank James Snyder, Jon Keeley, and two anonymous reviewers
   for their helpful comments. The NOAA merged land air and sea surface
   temperature data set was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder,
   Colorado, U.S.A., from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/.
   Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey
   Alaska Science Center, and the Bureau of Land Management.
NR 27
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 27
PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES
PI BOULDER
PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA
SN 1523-0430
EI 1938-4246
J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES
JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 41
IS 3
BP 309
EP 316
DI 10.1657/1938-4246-41.3.309
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 484BU
UT WOS:000269019100003
ER

PT J
AU Klimstra, JD
   Stebbins, KR
   Heinz, GH
   Hoffman, DJ
   Kondrad, SR
AF Klimstra, Jon D.
   Stebbins, Katherine R.
   Heinz, Gary H.
   Hoffman, David J.
   Kondrad, Shannon R.
TI Factors related to the artificial incubation of wild bird eggs
SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE artificial incubation; avian egg; hatching success; moisture loss
ID WATER-VAPOR CONDUCTANCE; HATCHING SUCCESS; AVIAN EGG; TEMPERATURE;
   RESTORATION; EMBRYOS
AB Attempts to artificially incubate the eggs of wild birds have failed in many respects in duplicating the success of natural incubation. As part of a larger study we had the opportunity to artificially incubate the eggs of 22 species of birds (three domestic and 19 wild species). We report the successes and failures associated with artificial incubation of these eggs. Moisture loss varied widely, not only for Orders of birds but for similar species within an Order. Overall hatching success and success through to 90% of incubation varied for different Orders and for similar species. Humidity and temperature are critical elements in the artificial incubation of wild bird eggs and must be closely monitored throughout incubation to ensure the best possible chance of hatching. Even when these elements are addressed, artificial incubation still can not duplicate the success of incubation by the parent.
C1 [Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   [Kondrad, Shannon R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Klimstra, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM jon_klimstra@fws.gov
FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center [ERP-O2D-C12]
FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem
   Restoration Program (grant number ERP-O2D-C12) with additional support
   from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.
NR 29
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 14
PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD
PI ST ALBANS
PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND
SN 1758-1559
J9 AVIAN BIOL RES
JI Avian Biol. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 2
IS 3
BP 121
EP 131
DI 10.3184/175815509X12473903090713
PG 11
WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology
SC Agriculture; Zoology
GA 492VW
UT WOS:000269691400002
ER

PT J
AU Allen, TI
   Wald, DJ
   Earle, PS
   Marano, KD
   Hotovec, AJ
   Lin, K
   Hearne, MG
AF Allen, Trevor I.
   Wald, David J.
   Earle, Paul S.
   Marano, Kristin D.
   Hotovec, Alicia J.
   Lin, Kuowan
   Hearne, Michael G.
TI An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake
   loss modeling
SO BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE ShakeMap Atlas; PAGER; Loss modeling; Hazard; Risk; Time-of-day
ID SEISMIC HAZARD MAP; GSHAP; GROWTH; ASIA
AB We present an Atlas of ShakeMaps and a catalog of human population exposures to moderate-to-strong ground shaking (EXPO-CAT) for recent historical earthquakes (1973-2007). The common purpose of the Atlas and exposure catalog is to calibrate earthquake loss models to be used in the US Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER). The full ShakeMap Atlas currently comprises over 5,600 earthquakes from January 1973 through December 2007, with almost 500 of these maps constrained-to varying degrees-by instrumental ground motions, macroseismic intensity data, community internet intensity observations, and published earthquake rupture models. The catalog of human exposures is derived using current PAGER methodologies. Exposure to discrete levels of shaking intensity is obtained by correlating Atlas ShakeMaps with a global population database. Combining this population exposure dataset with historical earthquake loss data, such as PAGER-CAT, provides a useful resource for calibrating loss methodologies against a systematically-derived set of ShakeMap hazard outputs. We illustrate two example uses for EXPO-CAT; (1) simple objective ranking of country vulnerability to earthquakes, and; (2) the influence of time-of-day on earthquake mortality. In general, we observe that countries in similar geographic regions with similar construction practices tend to cluster spatially in terms of relative vulnerability. We also find little quantitative evidence to suggest that time-of-day is a significant factor in earthquake mortality. Moreover, earthquake mortality appears to be more systematically linked to the population exposed to severe ground shaking (Modified Mercalli Intensity VIII+). Finally, equipped with the full Atlas of ShakeMaps, we merge each of these maps and find the maximum estimated peak ground acceleration at any grid point in the world for the past 35 years. We subsequently compare this "composite ShakeMap" with existing global hazard models, calculating the spatial area of the existing hazard maps exceeded by the combined ShakeMap ground motions. In general, these analyses suggest that existing global, and regional, hazard maps tend to overestimate hazard. Both the Atlas of ShakeMaps and EXPO-CAT have many potential uses for examining earthquake risk and epidemiology. All of the datasets discussed herein are available for download on the PAGER Web page (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/pager/prodandref/)
C1 [Allen, Trevor I.] Geosci Australia, Risk & Impact Anal Grp, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
   [Allen, Trevor I.; Wald, David J.; Earle, Paul S.; Marano, Kristin D.; Hotovec, Alicia J.; Lin, Kuowan; Hearne, Michael G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA.
RP Allen, TI (reprint author), Geosci Australia, Risk & Impact Anal Grp, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
EM trevor.allen@ga.gov.au
OI Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia/0000-0003-1917-0205; Wald,
   David/0000-0002-1454-4514
FU USAID
FX Keith Porter and Kishor Jaiswal are thanked for many discussions that
   helped outline the development of EXPO-CAT. Vince Quitoriano and Bruce
   Worden are also thanked for providing ShakeMap development support
   throughout this work. Reviews of earlier related material and the
   present paper by Mary Lou Zoback, Jim Dewey, Charles Mueller, Andrew
   McPherson and Hyeuk Ryu helped improve this manuscript. Comments from
   two anonymous reviewers also led to valuable improvements to the
   manuscript. Finite-fault, ground-motion, and intensity constraints used
   in the ShakeMap Atlas are the aggregated sum of numerous post-earthquake
   reconnaissance reports, published earthquake studies, and strong-motion
   monitoring network efforts, all of which help build a comprehensive view
   of individual events. Citations to these sources are found in Allen et
   al. (2008). Funding for this research was provided in part by a grant
   from USAID. Figures 5, 6, and 7 were produced using Generic Mapping
   Tools (Wessel and Smith 1991).
NR 45
TC 19
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1570-761X
J9 B EARTHQ ENG
JI Bull. Earthq. Eng.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 7
IS 3
BP 701
EP 718
DI 10.1007/s10518-009-9120-y
PG 18
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 461TD
UT WOS:000267293500007
ER

PT J
AU Field, EH
   Dawson, TE
   Felzer, KR
   Frankel, AD
   Gupta, V
   Jordan, TH
   Parsons, T
   Petersen, MD
   Stein, RS
   Weldon, RJ
   Wills, CJ
AF Field, E. H.
   Dawson, T. E.
   Felzer, K. R.
   Frankel, A. D.
   Gupta, V.
   Jordan, T. H.
   Parsons, T.
   Petersen, M. D.
   Stein, R. S.
   Weldon, R. J., II
   Wills, C. J.
TI Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2 (UCERF 2)
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Review
ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; FRANCISCO BAY-REGION;
   SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SEISMIC-HAZARD; UNITED-STATES; JACINTO FAULT; SLIP
   RATES; MODEL; MAGNITUDE
AB The 2007 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP, 2007) presents the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2 (UCERF 2). This model comprises a time-independent (Poisson-process) earthquake rate model, developed jointly with the National Seismic Hazard Mapping Program and a time-dependent earthquake-probability model, based on recent earthquake rates and stress-renewal statistics conditioned on the date of last event. The models were developed from updated statewide earthquake catalogs and fault deformation databases using a uniform methodology across all regions and implemented in the modular, extensible Open Seismic Hazard Analysis framework. The rate model satisfies integrating measures of deformation across the plate-boundary zone and is consistent with historical seismicity data. An overprediction of earthquake rates found at intermediate magnitudes (6: 5 <= M <= 7: 0) in previous models has been reduced to within the 95% confidence bounds of the historical earthquake catalog. A logic tree with 480 branches represents the epistemic uncertainties of the full time-dependent model. The mean UCERF 2 time-dependent probability of one or more M >= 6: 7 earthquakes in the California region during the next 30 yr is 99.7%; this probability decreases to 46% for M >= 7: 5 and to 4.5% for M >= 8: 0. These probabilities do not include the Cascadia subduction zone, largely north of California, for which the estimated 30 yr, M >= 8: 0 time-dependent probability is 10%. The M >= 6: 7 probabilities on major strike-slip faults are consistent with the WGCEP (2003) study in the San Francisco Bay Area and the WGCEP (1995) study in southern California, except for significantly lower estimates along the San Jacinto and Elsinore faults, owing to provisions for larger multi-segment ruptures. Important model limitations are discussed.
C1 [Field, E. H.; Felzer, K. R.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
   [Frankel, A. D.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.
   [Gupta, V.; Jordan, T. H.; Parsons, T.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Stein, R. S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Weldon, R. J., II] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
EM field@usgs.gov
RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; 
OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338
FU California Earthquake Authority; USGS; California Geological Survey;
   Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC); National Science
   Foundation under Cooperative Agreement [EAR0529922]; USGS [07HQAG0008];
   CGS Special Report [203]; SCEC [1138]
FX We dedicate this publication to the memory of C. Allin Cornell, who
   guided this study as a member of our scientific review panel and was a
   sage to many of us. We will miss his uniquely warm, frank, and
   trustworthy advice.; The authors are grateful to the members of the
   Scientific Review Panel: W. Ellsworth (chair), M. Blanpied, L. Cluff, A.
   Cornell, A. Frankel, D. Jackson, D. Schwartz, and S. Wesnousky, who
   reviewed all aspects of this study and provided innumerable suggestions
   for its improvement. Generous advice and reviews were also provided by
   the National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Committee (J. Dieterich,
   chair), the California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Committee (J.
   Parrish, chair), the California Earthquake Authority Multidisciplinary
   Research Team (R. Anderson, B. Rowshandel), and a number of individual
   reviewers of the main report's many appendices. Tran Huynh cheerfully
   assisted all of the authors throughout the entire production and handled
   the many technical issues with great skill. Bill Ellsworth guided the
   entire publication process through the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS)
   labyrinth. We also obtained very thoughtful review comments from the two
   BSSA referees Domenico Giardini and Kenneth Campbell, who had to go
   through the 16 appendices in addition to this manuscript. This study was
   sponsored by the California Earthquake Authority, the USGS, the
   California Geological Survey, and the Southern California Earthquake
   Center (SCEC). SCEC acknowledges the support of the National Science
   Foundation under Cooperative Agreement EAR0529922 and the USGS under
   Cooperative Agreement 07HQAG0008. This document is registered as USGS
   Open File Report 2007-1437, CGS Special Report # 203, and SCEC
   Contribution # 1138.
NR 107
TC 96
Z9 98
U1 4
U2 13
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 99
IS 4
BP 2053
EP 2107
DI 10.1785/0120080049
PG 55
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 476RA
UT WOS:000268459800001
ER

PT J
AU Kalkan, E
   Gulkan, P
   Yilmaz, N
   Celebi, M
AF Kalkan, Erol
   Guelkan, Polat
   Yilmaz, Nazan
   Celebi, Mehmet
TI Reassessment of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard in the Marmara Region
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; AVERAGE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT; GROUND-MOTION
   PREDICTION; AUGUST 1999 IZMIT; RESPONSE SPECTRA; WESTERN TURKEY; ACTIVE
   FAULTS; SLIP RATES; SEA REGION; EARTHQUAKE
AB In 1999, the eastern coastline of the Marmara region (Turkey) witnessed increased seismic activity on the North Anatolian fault (NAF) system with two damaging earthquakes (M 7.4 Kocaeli and M 7.2 Duzce) that occurred almost three months apart. These events have reduced stress on the western segment of the NAF where it continues under the Marmara Sea. The undersea fault segments have been recently explored using bathymetric and reflection surveys. These recent findings helped scientists to understand the seismotectonic environment of the Marmara basin, which has remained a perplexing tectonic domain. On the basis of collected new data, seismic hazard of the Marmara region is reassessed using a probabilistic approach. Two different earthquake source models: (1) the smoothed-gridded seismicity model and (2) fault model and alternate magnitude-frequency relations, Gutenberg-Richter and characteristic, were used with local and imported ground-motion-prediction equations. Regional exposure is computed and quantified on a set of hazard maps that provide peak horizontal ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration at 0.2 and 1.0 sec on uniform firm- rock site condition (760 m/sec average shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m). These acceleration levels were computed for ground motions having 2% and 10% probabilities of exceedance in 50 yr, corresponding to return periods of about 2475 and 475 yr, respectively. The maximum PGA computed (at rock site) is 1.5g along the fault segments of the NAF zone extending into the Marmara Sea. The new maps generally show 10% to 15% increase for PGA, 0.2 and 1.0 sec spectral acceleration values across much of Marmara compared to previous regional hazard maps. Hazard curves and smooth design spectra for three site conditions: rock, soil, and soft-soil are provided for the Istanbul metropolitan area as possible tools in future risk estimates.
C1 [Kalkan, Erol; Guelkan, Polat; Yilmaz, Nazan; Celebi, Mehmet] US Geol Survey, Western Reg Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Kalkan, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Reg Earthquake Hazards Team, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM ekalkan@usgs.gov
NR 57
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 4
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 99
IS 4
BP 2127
EP 2146
DI 10.1785/0120080285
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 476RA
UT WOS:000268459800003
ER

PT J
AU Catchings, RD
   Rymer, MJ
   Goldman, MR
   Gandhok, G
AF Catchings, R. D.
   Rymer, M. J.
   Goldman, M. R.
   Gandhok, G.
TI San Andreas Fault Geometry at Desert Hot Springs, California, and Its
   Effects on Earthquake Hazards and Groundwater
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; COACHELLA VALLEY;
   SEISMIC-WAVES; ZONE; RESOLUTION; FLOW; VELOCITIES; SEQUENCE; RUPTURE
AB The Mission Creek and Banning faults are two of the principal strands of the San Andreas fault zone in the northern Coachella Valley of southern California. Structural characteristics of the faults affect both regional earthquake hazards and local groundwater resources. We use seismic, gravity, and geological data to characterize the San Andreas fault zone in the vicinity of Desert Hot Springs. Seismic images of the upper 500 m of the Mission Creek fault at Desert Hot Springs show multiple fault strands distributed over a 500 m wide zone, with concentrated faulting within a central 200 m wide area of the fault zone. High-velocity (up to 5000 m/sec) rocks on the northeast side of the fault are juxtaposed against a low-velocity (< 2000 m/sec) basin on the southwest side within the upper few hundred meters. Near-surface strands of the Mission Creek fault dip steeply southwestward and northeastward and merge at depth to form a narrower, steeply southwestward-dipping or near-vertical (80 degrees to 90 degrees) fault zone. The Banning fault, in contrast, dips northeastward (45 degrees to 70 degrees) toward the Mission Creek fault, and the two faults likely merge into a single San Andreas fault zone at depth, indicating a transtensional fault system. Mainshock hypocenters for two of the historically largest (M > 6: 0) earthquakes in the area (in 1948 and 1986) occurred at or near the depths (similar to 10 to 12 km) of the merged (San Andreas) fault. Large-magnitude earthquakes that nucleate at or below the merged fault will likely generate strong shaking from guided waves along both fault zones and from amplified seismic waves in the low-velocity basin between the two fault zones. The Mission Creek fault zone is a groundwater barrier with the top of the water table varying by 60 m in depth and the aquifer varying by about 50 m in thickness across a 200 m wide zone of concentrated faulting.
C1 [Catchings, R. D.; Rymer, M. J.; Goldman, M. R.; Gandhok, G.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Catchings, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mississippi 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM catching@usgs.gov; mrymer@usgs.gov; goldman@usgs.gov; gg@weiss.com
NR 49
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 99
IS 4
BP 2190
EP 2207
DI 10.1785/0120080117
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 476RA
UT WOS:000268459800008
ER

PT J
AU Aron, A
   Hardebeck, JL
AF Aron, Allegra
   Hardebeck, Jeanne L.
TI Seismicity Rate Changes along the Central California Coast due to Stress
   Changes from the 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon and 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield
   Earthquakes
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID HAZARD
AB We investigated the relationship between seismicity rate changes and modeled Coulomb static stress changes from the 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon and the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquakes in central California. Coulomb stress modeling indicates that the San Simeon mainshock loaded parts of the Rinconada, Hosgri, and San Andreas strike-slip faults, along with the reverse faults of the southern Los Osos domain. All of these loaded faults, except for the San Andreas, experienced a seismicity rate increase at the time of the San Simeon mainshock. The Parkfield earthquake occurred 9 months later on the loaded portion of the San Andreas fault. The Parkfield earthquake unloaded the Hosgri fault and the reverse faults of the southern Los Osos domain, which both experienced seismicity rate decreases at the time of the Parkfield event, although the decreases may be related to the decay of San Simeon-triggered seismicity. Coulomb stress unloading from the Parkfield earthquake appears to have altered the aftershock decay rate of the southern cluster of San Simeon aftershocks, which is deficient compared to the expected number of aftershocks from the Omori decay parameters based on the pre-Parkfield aftershocks. Dynamic stress changes cannot explain the deficiency of aftershocks, providing evidence that static stress changes affect earthquake occurrence. However, a burst of seismicity following the Parkfield earthquake at Ragged Point, where the static stress was decreased, provides evidence for dynamic stress triggering. It therefore appears that both Coulomb static stress changes and dynamic stress changes affect the seismicity rate.
C1 [Aron, Allegra] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
   [Hardebeck, Jeanne L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Aron, A (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
OI Hardebeck, Jeanne/0000-0002-6737-7780
NR 20
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 99
IS 4
BP 2280
EP 2292
DI 10.1785/0120080239
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 476RA
UT WOS:000268459800014
ER

PT J
AU Boore, DM
   Skarlatoudis, AA
   Margaris, BN
   Papazachos, CB
   Ventouzi, C
AF Boore, David M.
   Skarlatoudis, Andreas A.
   Margaris, Basil N.
   Papazachos, Costas B.
   Ventouzi, Chrisa
TI Along-Arc and Back-Arc Attenuation, Site Response, and Source Spectrum
   for the Intermediate-Depth 8 January 2006 M 6.7 Kythera, Greece,
   Earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; HELLENIC ARC; DELTA-SIGMA;
   S-WAVES; PERIOD; AREA; DISPLACEMENTS; ACCELERATION; PREDICTION
AB An M6.7 intermediate-depth (66 km), in-slab earthquake occurring near the island of Kythera in Greece on 8 January 2006 was well recorded on networks of stations equipped with acceleration sensors and with broadband velocity sensors. All data were recorded digitally using recording instruments with resolutions ranging from almost 11 to 24 bits. We use data from these networks to study the distance dependence of the horizontal-component Fourier acceleration spectra (FAS) and horizontal-component pseudoabsolute response spectral acceleration (PSA). For purposes of simulating motions in the future, we parameterize the distance decay using several forms of the geometrical-spreading function, for each of which we derive Q as a function of frequency. By extrapolating the distance decay back to 1 km, we obtain a reference spectrum that can be used in future simulations. This spectrum requires a more complicated spectral shape than the classic single-corner-frequency model; in particular, there appears to be an enhancement of motion around 0.2-0.3 Hz that may be due to the radiation of a 3-5 sec pulse from the source. We infer kappa(0) value of about 0.055 sec for rock stations and a stress parameter in the range of 400-600 bars. We also find distinctive differences in the site response of stations on soft soil and soil; both the FAS and the 5% damped PSA amplifications have similar peak amplitudes (about 2 and 4 for soil and soft-soil sites, respectively, relative to the rock sites) at similar frequencies (between about 0.4 and 2.0 Hz, with the soft-soil amplifications peaking at somewhat lower frequencies than the soil amplifications). One of the most distinctive features of the data is the clear difference in the motions for along-arc and back-arc stations, with the former being significantly higher than the latter over a broad range of frequencies at distances beyond about 250 km. The motions from the Kythera earthquake are roughly comparable to those from intermediate-depth earthquakes elsewhere, but they appear to be significantly higher than those from recordings of shallow earthquakes in Greece of comparable magnitude and hypocentral distance.
C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Skarlatoudis, Andreas A.; Papazachos, Costas B.; Ventouzi, Chrisa] Univ Thessaloniki, Geophys Lab, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
   [Margaris, Basil N.] Inst Engn Seismol & Earthquake Engn ITSAK, GR-55102 Thessaloniki, Greece.
RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM boore@usgs.gov; askarlat@geo.auth.gr; margaris@itsak.gr;
   kpapaza@geo.auth.gr
RI GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012
FU EC Project "ITSAK-GR" [MTKD-CT-2005 029627]
FX This work was partially supported by the EC Project "ITSAK-GR" Project
   Number MTKD-CT-2005 029627.
NR 66
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 5
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 99
IS 4
BP 2410
EP 2434
DI 10.1785/0120080229
PG 25
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 476RA
UT WOS:000268459800022
ER

PT J
AU Bakun, WH
AF Bakun, William H.
TI Comment on "Revisiting the 1872 Owens Valley, California, Earthquake" by
   Susan E. Hough and Kate Hutton
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; MAGNITUDES
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Bakun, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 99
IS 4
BP 2589
EP 2590
DI 10.1785/0120080148
PG 2
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 476RA
UT WOS:000268459800036
ER

PT J
AU Hough, SE
   Hutton, K
AF Hough, Susan E.
   Hutton, Kate
TI Reply to "Comment on 'Revisiting the 1872 Owens Valley, California,
   Earthquake' by Susan E. Hough and Kate Hutton" by William H. Bakun
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID INTENSITY DATA; NORTH-AMERICA; BASIN
C1 [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
   [Hutton, Kate] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM
JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 99
IS 4
BP 2591
EP 2593
DI 10.1785/0120090026
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 476RA
UT WOS:000268459800037
ER

PT J
AU Sisson, TW
   Vallance, JW
AF Sisson, T. W.
   Vallance, J. W.
TI Frequent eruptions of Mount Rainier over the last similar to 2,600 years
SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mount Rainier; Eruptions; Holocene; Tephra; Glass; Lahar; Hazards
ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; DEBRIS-FLOW; WASHINGTON; VOLCANO; MUDFLOW;
   PROGRAM; EXTENT; ROCKS
AB Field, geochronologic, and geochemical evidence from proximal fine-grained tephras, and from limited exposures of Holocene lava flows and a small pyroclastic flow document ten-12 eruptions of Mount Rainier over the last 2,600 years, contrasting with previously published evidence for only 11-12 eruptions of the volcano for all of the Holocene. Except for the pumiceous subplinian C event of 2,200 cal year BP, the late-Holocene eruptions were weakly explosive, involving lava effusions and at least two block-and-ash pyroclastic flows. Eruptions were clustered from similar to 2,600 to similar to 2,200 cal year BP, an interval referred to as the Summerland eruptive period that includes the youngest lava effusion from the volcano. Thin, fine-grained tephras are the only known primary volcanic products from eruptions near 1,500 and 1,000 cal year BP, but these and earlier eruptions were penecontemporaneous with far-traveled lahars, probably created from newly erupted materials melting snow and glacial ice. The most recent magmatic eruption of Mount Rainier, documented geochemically, was the 1,000 cal year BP event. Products from a proposed eruption of Mount Rainier between AD 1820 and 1854 (X tephra of Mullineaux (US Geol Surv Bull 1326:1-83, 1974)) are redeposited C tephra, probably transported onto young moraines by snow avalanches, and do not record a nineteenth century eruption. We found no conclusive evidence for an eruption associated with the clay-rich Electron Mudflow of similar to 500 cal year BP, and though rare, non-eruptive collapse of unstable edifice flanks remains as a potential hazard from Mount Rainier.
C1 [Sisson, T. W.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Vallance, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Sisson, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM tsisson@usgs.gov; jvallance@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey; Volcano Hazards
   Program
FX J Byman and C Harpell assisted JV in the field. D Champion provided
   advice on paleomagnetic results. R Oscarson expertly maintained the
   USGSWestern Region electronmicroprobe facility. Wholerock analyses were
   performed by J Budahn (INAA) and by the lateDSeims (XRF). J Fierstein,
   M- A Longpre P Pringle, and K Wallace provided constructive manuscript
   reviews, and J Stix edited the manuscript for the Bulletin. P Pringle
   supplied key samples for the Zehfuss et al. (2003) study. This study was
   supported by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey,
   Volcano Hazards Program.
NR 32
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0258-8900
J9 B VOLCANOL
JI Bull. Volcanol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 71
IS 6
BP 595
EP 618
DI 10.1007/s00445-008-0245-7
PG 24
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 474OO
UT WOS:000268294000001
ER

PT J
AU Widiwijayanti, C
   Voight, B
   Hidayat, D
   Schilling, SP
AF Widiwijayanti, C.
   Voight, B.
   Hidayat, D.
   Schilling, S. P.
TI Objective rapid delineation of areas at risk from block-and-ash
   pyroclastic flows and surges
SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pyroclastic flow; Pyroclastic surge; Hazard maps; Volcano hazards;
   Montserrat; Merapi
ID UNZEN VOLCANO JAPAN; 22 NOVEMBER 1994; MERAPI VOLCANO; NUEES ARDENTES;
   DOME-COLLAPSE; CLOUD SURGES; INDONESIA; ERUPTION; JAVA; HAZARDS
AB Assessments of pyroclastic flow (PF) hazards are commonly based on mapping of PF and surge deposits and estimations of inundation limits, and/or computer models of varying degrees of sophistication. In volcanic crises a PF hazard map may be sorely needed, but limited time, exposures, or safety aspects may preclude fieldwork, and insufficient time or baseline data may be available for reliable dynamic simulations. We have developed a statistically constrained simulation model for block-and-ash type PFs to estimate potential areas of inundation by adapting methodology from Iverson et al. (Geol Soc America Bull 110:972-984, 1998) for lahars. The predictive equations for block-and-ash PFs are calibrated with data from several volcanoes and given by A = (0.05 to 0.1)V (2/3), B = (35 to 40)V (2/3), where A is cross-sectional area of inundation, B is planimetric area and V is deposit volume. The proportionality coefficients were obtained from regression analyses and comparison of simulations to mapped deposits. The method embeds the predictive equations in a GIS program coupled with DEM topography, using the LAHARZ program of Schilling (1998). Although the method is objective and reproducible, any PF hazard zone so computed should be considered as an approximate guide only, due to uncertainties on the coefficients applicable to individual PFs, the authenticity of DEM details, and the volume of future collapses. The statistical uncertainty of the predictive equations, which imply a factor of two or more in predicting A or B for a specified V, is superposed on the uncertainty of forecasting V for the next PF to descend a particular valley. Multiple inundation zones, produced by simulations using a selected range of volumes, partly accommodate these uncertainties. The resulting maps show graphically that PF inundation potentials are highest nearest volcano sources and along valley thalwegs, and diminish with distance from source and lateral distance from thalweg. The model does not explicitly consider dynamic behavior, which can be important. Ash-cloud surge impact limits must be extended beyond PF hazard zones and we provide several approaches to do this. The method has been used to supply PF and surge hazard maps in two crises: Merapi 2006; and Montserrat 2006-2007.
C1 [Widiwijayanti, C.; Voight, B.; Hidayat, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Voight, B.; Schilling, S. P.] USGS Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Voight, B (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM voight@ems.psu.edu
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-04-08709]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation EAR-04-08709
   to BV. A special motivation for these studies arose from BV's
   associations with Dick Janda and Harry Glicken; Janda and BV mapped PF
   and surge hazard zones at Galeras volcano in 1989, and Glicken, with the
   Kraffts, was killed by an ash-cloud surge at Unzen in 1991. Our research
   follows the seminal approach of R. M. Iverson, S. P. Schilling, and J.
   W. Vallance in regard to delineation of lahar- inundation zones. We
   thank others at USGS for comments on our generation of maps for the
   Merapi crisis, including C. Newhall, J. Pallister, W. Scott, J. J.
   Major, and J. Griswold. With regard to Montserrat, we thank G. Wadge, R.
   Herd, and MVO staff for valuable discussions and updated DEM data. USGS
   internal reviews for this paper were kindly provided by J. J. Major, D.
   Dzurisin, W. E. Scott and R. M. Iverson. Reviews for the journal were
   contributed by A. Neri and S. C. Loughlin. We are grateful to all
   reviewers for numerous insightful comments that improved our paper. The
   opinions expressed in the paper are those of the authors alone.
NR 44
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0258-8900
J9 B VOLCANOL
JI Bull. Volcanol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 71
IS 6
BP 687
EP 703
DI 10.1007/s00445-008-0254-6
PG 17
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 474OO
UT WOS:000268294000007
ER

PT J
AU Warner, DM
   Schaeffer, JS
   O'Brien, TP
AF Warner, David M.
   Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.
   O'Brien, Timothy P.
TI The Lake Huron pelagic fish community: persistent spatial pattern along
   biomass and species composition gradients
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; CAPELIN
   MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; SITU TARGET-STRENGTH; WIRE
   TAG RECOVERIES; RAINBOW-SMELT; CHINOOK SALMON; NORTH CHANNEL;
   FRESH-WATER
AB Spatial patterns in the biomass of pelagic fish in Lake Huron have persisted over 10 years even though biomass decreased 86% and the fish community shifted from dominance by non-native species (rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax) to dominance by native species (bloater, Coregonus hoyi). Based on multivariate analyses of acoustic biomass data and abiotic variables from the years 1997, 2004, 2005, and 2007, the strength of relationships between abiotic variables ( primarily bottom depth) and fish community composition gradients decreased with fish biomass, suggesting that at high biomass, the influence of the measured abiotic variables is minimal. We observed consistently higher biomass in the North Channel and Georgian Bay than in the Main Basin, and as a result, we conclude that these smaller basins are likely important contributors to lakewide fish biomass, production, and dynamics. These results suggest that at current biomass levels, efforts to understand ecology, population dynamics, and lakewide abundance need to incorporate the effects of depth and geographic variation on fish distributions and ecology.
C1 [Warner, David M.; Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.; O'Brien, Timothy P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Warner, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM dmwarner@usgs.gov
RI Warner, David/C-8858-2009
FU Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR); Michigan Department of
   Natural Resources (MDNR); MDNR; USGS Great Lakes Science Center
FX We thank the many individuals from Lake Huron resources agencies who
   supported and were involved in this research since 1997. These agencies
   include Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR), which provided
   partial funding for the surveys in 2004, 2005, and 2007, and Michigan
   Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). We especially appreciate the
   contribution of the MDNR captain Jerry Ranville. Similarly, we thank
   USGS vessel crew members, researchers, and technicians, including Phil
   Pepper, Mike McCann, Joe Spicciani, Ed Perry, Tom Girard, Guy Fleischer,
   Ray Argyle (retired), and Rich Stickel. We also thank Ed Roseman of GLSC
   and Stephen Gile of OMNR for their assistance in the field. We thank Dan
   Yule and Lloyd Mohr for useful comments on an early draft of this
   article and two anonymous reviewers for comments on later drafts. This
   article is contribution 1527 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center.
NR 62
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 3
U2 22
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 8
BP 1199
EP 1215
DI 10.1139/F09-072
PG 17
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 488FY
UT WOS:000269335800001
ER

PT J
AU Bacheler, NM
   Buckel, JA
   Hightower, JE
   Paramore, LM
   Pollock, KH
AF Bacheler, Nathan M.
   Buckel, Jeffrey A.
   Hightower, Joseph E.
   Paramore, Lee M.
   Pollock, Kenneth H.
TI A combined telemetry - tag return approach to estimate fishing and
   natural mortality rates of an estuarine fish
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID REPORTING RATE ESTIMATION; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; SUBADULT RED DRUM;
   CATCH-AT-AGE; CAROLINA WATERS; TAGGING MODELS; SOUTH-CAROLINA;
   MARK-RECAPTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; ONE-COMPONENT
AB A joint analysis of tag return and telemetry data should improve estimates of mortality rates for exploited fishes; however, the combined approach has thus far only been tested in terrestrial systems. We tagged subadult red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) with conventional tags and ultrasonic transmitters over 3 years in coastal North Carolina, USA, to test the efficacy of the combined telemetry - tag return approach. There was a strong seasonal pattern to monthly fishing mortality rate (F) estimates from both conventional and telemetry tags; highest F values occurred in fall months and lowest levels occurred during winter. Although monthly F values were similar in pattern and magnitude between conventional tagging and telemetry, information on F in the combined model came primarily from conventional tags. The estimated natural mortality rate (M) in the combined model was low (estimated annual rate +/- standard error: 0.04 +/- 0.04) and was based primarily upon the telemetry approach. Using high-reward tagging, we estimated different tag reporting rates for state agency and university tagging programs. The combined telemetry - tag return approach can be an effective approach for estimating F and M as long as several key assumptions of the model are met.
C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
   [Hightower, Joseph E.] N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Paramore, Lee M.] N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Wanchese, NC 27981 USA.
RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nat & Appl Sci ES 317,2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA.
EM bachelen@uwgb.edu
FU N.C. Sea [R/MRD-48, R/MRD-52]; N.C. Beautiful; Raleigh Saltwater
   Sportfishing Club; North Carolina, and Federal Aid in Sport Fish
   Restoration
FX Funding for fieldwork, data collection, and analyses was supported by
   N.C. Sea Grant (Nos. R/MRD-48 and R/MRD-52), N.C. Beautiful, the Raleigh
   Saltwater Sportfishing Club, the state of North Carolina, and Federal
   Aid in Sport Fish Restoration. We thank T. Averett, S. Burdick, J.
   Edwards, T. Ellis, A. Flynt, M. Fox, D. Heithaus, M. May, J. Merrell, J.
   Morley, P. Rudershausen, and A. Waggener for field assistance. In
   addition, we thank M. Hamric, D. Skinner, L. Judy, and C. Etheridge of
   NCDMF. We also thank J. Gilliam, L. Daniel, and two anonymous reviewers
   for comments on previous versions of this manuscript. The use of trade,
   product, industry, or firm names, products, software, or models, whether
   commercially available or not, is for informative purposes only and does
   not constitute an endorsement by the US Government or the US Geological
   Survey.
NR 56
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 34
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 8
BP 1230
EP 1244
DI 10.1139/F09-076
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 488FY
UT WOS:000269335800003
ER

PT J
AU Mazdab, FK
AF Mazdab, Frank K.
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF FLUX-GROWN TRACE-ELEMENT-DOPED TITANITE USING THE
   HIGH-MASS-RESOLUTION ION MICROPROBE (SHRIMP-RG)
SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE titanite; "sphene"; ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG); trace elements;
   flux-growth synthesis
ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE DATA; BEARING TITANITE; SPHENE
   TITANITE; SIMS; ZIRCON; ROCKS; REE; ZR; ABUNDANCES
AB Crystals of titanite can be readily grown under ambient pressure from a mixture of CaO, TiO(2) and SiO(2) in the presence of molten sodium tetraborate. The crystals produced are euhedral and prismatic, lustrous and transparent, and up to 5 mm in length. Titanite obtained by this method contains approximately 4300 ppm Na and 220 ppm B contributed from the flux. In addition to dopant-free material, titanite containing trace alkali and alkaline earth metals (K, Sr, Ba), transition metals (Sc, Cr, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta), rare-earth elements (REE), actinides (Th, U) and p-block elements (F, S, Cl, Ge, Sn and Pb) have been prepared using the same procedure. Back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging accompanied by ion-microprobe (SHRIMP-RG) analysis confirms significant incorporation of selected trace-elements at structural sites. Regardless of some zonation, the large size of the crystals and broad regions of chemical homogeneity make these crystals useful as experimental starting material, and as matrix-matched trace-element standards for a variety of microbeam analytical techniques where amorphous titanite glass, heterogeneous natural titanite or a non-titanite standard may be less than satisfactory. Trace-element-doped synthetic crystals can also provide a convenient proxy for a better understanding of trace-element incorporation in natural titanite. Comparisons with igneous, authigenic and high-temperature metasomatic titanite are examined. The use of high-mass-resolution SIMS also demonstrates the analytical challenges inherent to any in situ mass-spectrometry-based analysis of titanite, owing to the production of difficult-to-resolve molecular interferences. These interferences are dominated by Ca-Ca, Ca-Ti and Ti-Ti dimers that are significant in the mass range of 80-100, affecting all isotopes of Sr and Zr, as well as (89)Y and (93)Nb. Methods do exist for the evaluation of interferences by these dimers and of polyatomic interferences on the LREE.
C1 [Mazdab, Frank K.] US Geol Survey, Stanford Ion Probe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Mazdab, FK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM fmazdab@email.arizona.edu
NR 40
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 10
PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO
   K2E 1B1, CANADA
SN 0008-4476
J9 CAN MINERAL
JI Can. Mineral.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 47
IS 4
BP 813
EP 831
DI 10.3749/canmin.47.4.813
PG 19
WC Mineralogy
SC Mineralogy
GA 493HD
UT WOS:000269726000007
ER

PT J
AU Sharma, B
   Patino, R
AF Sharma, Bibek
   Patino, Reynaldo
TI Effects of cadmium on growth, metamorphosis and gonadal sex
   differentiation in tadpoles of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE Cadmium; Amphibian; Metamorphosis; Sex differentiation; Sex ratio
ID MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; LARVAL DENSITY; RANA-PIPIENS; EXPOSURE;
   ESTROGEN; ATRAZINE; FEMINIZATION; ENDOCRINE; SURVIVAL; TOADS
AB Xenopus laevis larvae were exposed to cadmium (Cd) at 0, 1, 8. 85 or 860 mu g L(-1) in FETAX medium from 0 to 86 d postfertilization. Premetamorphic tadpoles were sampled on day 3 1; pre and prometamorphic tadpoles on day 49; and frogs (NF stage 66) between days 50 and 86. Survival, snout-vent length (SVL), tail length, total length, hindlimb length (HLL), initiation of metamorphic climax, size at and completion of metamorphosis, and gonadal condition and sex ratio (assessed histologically) were determined. Survival was unaffected by Cd until day 49, but increased mortality was observed after day 49 at 860 mu g Cd L(-1). On day 31, when tadpoles were in early premetamorphosis, inhibitory effects on tadpole growth were observed only at 860 mu g Cd L(-1). On day 49, when most tadpoles where in late premetamorphosis/early prometamorphosis, reductions in SVL, HLL and total length were observed at 8 and 860 but not 85 mu g L(-1), thus creating a U-shaped size distribution at 0-85 mu g Cd L(-1). However, this U-shaped size pattern was not evident in postmetamorphic individuals. In fact, frog size at completion of metamorphosis was slightly smaller at 85 mu g Cd L(-1) relative to control animals. These observations confirmed a recent report of a Cd concentration-dependent bimodal growth pattern in late-premetamorphic Xenopus tadpoles, but also showed that growth responses to varying Cd concentrations change with development. The fraction of animals initiating or completing metamorphosis during days 50-86 was reduced in a Cd concentration-dependent manner. Testicular histology and population sex ratios were unaffected by Cd suggesting that, unlike mammals, Cd is not strongly estrogenic in Xenopus tadpoles. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
   [Sharma, Bibek] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM reynaldo.patino@ttu.edu
FU Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (TCFWRU); Texas Tech
   University Association of Biologists
FX We acknowledge Drs. George Cobb and Mike Hooper for their assistance
   during Cd analysis and Cristobal Cruz for his help with animal
   husbandry. This study was facilitated by funds from the Texas
   Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (TCFWRU) and the Texas Tech
   University Association of Biologists. Drs. James Carr and Sandeep Mukhi
   provided comments on an early draft of the manuscript. TCFWRU
   cooperators include Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife
   Department, US Geological Survey, the Wildlife Management Institute, and
   US Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 33
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 4
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 76
IS 8
BP 1048
EP 1055
DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.043
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 487SE
UT WOS:000269294900006
PM 19457541
ER

PT J
AU Moyle, RG
   Chesser, RT
   Brumfield, RT
   Tello, JG
   Marchese, DJ
   Cracraft, J
AF Moyle, Robert G.
   Chesser, R. Terry
   Brumfield, Robb T.
   Tello, Jose G.
   Marchese, Daniel J.
   Cracraft, Joel
TI Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the antbirds, ovenbirds,
   woodcreepers, and allies (Aves: Passeriformes: infraorder Furnariides)
SO CLADISTICS
LA English
DT Review
ID LENGTH DIFFERENCE TEST; DNA SEQUENCE DATA; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS;
   PASSERINE BIRDS; NUCLEAR-DNA; BIOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS; NEST
   ARCHITECTURE; BAYES FACTORS; AVIAN FAMILY; INCONGRUENCE
AB The infraorder Furnariides is a diverse group of suboscine passerine birds comprising a substantial component of the Neotropical avifauna. The included species encompass a broad array of morphologies and behaviours, making them appealing for evolutionary studies, but the size of the group (ca. 600 species) has limited well-sampled higher-level phylogenetic studies. Using DNA sequence data from the nuclear RAG-1 and RAG-2 exons, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of the Furnariides sampling 124 (more than 88%) of the genera. Basal relationships among family-level taxa differed depending on phylogenetic method, but all topologies had little nodal support, mirroring the results from earlier studies in which discerning relationships at the base of the radiation was also difficult. In contrast, branch support for family-rank taxa and for many relationships within those clades was generally high. Our results support the Melanopareidae and Grallariidae as distinct from the Rhinocryptidae and Formicariidae, respectively. Within the Furnariides our data contradict some recent phylogenetic hypotheses and suggest that further study is needed to resolve these discrepancies. Of the few genera represented by multiple species, several were not monophyletic, indicating that additional systematic work remains within furnariine families and must include dense taxon sampling. We use this study as a basis for proposing a new phylogenetic classification for the group and in the process erect new family-group names for clades having high branch support across methods.
C1 [Moyle, Robert G.; Tello, Jose G.; Marchese, Daniel J.; Cracraft, Joel] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, New York, NY 10024 USA.
   [Moyle, Robert G.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
   [Moyle, Robert G.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
   [Chesser, R. Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
   [Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Brumfield, Robb T.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Tello, Jose G.] Long Isl Univ, Dept Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA.
RP Moyle, RG (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, Cent Pk W & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA.
EM moyle@ku.edu
OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0228693, NSF DEB-0543562]; L. J. and L.
   C. Sanford Funds; Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular
   Systematic Studies; New York Botanical Gardens and the American Museum
   of Natural History; Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, AMNH
FX We thank the following institutions for generous tissue loans: Field
   Museum of Natural History, US National Museum of Natural History, and
   the Zoological Museum at the University of Copenhagen. We also thank all
   of the field collectors whose efforts made this project possible.
   Richard C. Banks (Smithsonian Institution) provided invaluable comments
   and advice on nomenclatural issues for which we are deeply grateful.
   This research was supported by grants from the National Science
   Foundation ("Assembling the Tree of Life" EAR-0228693, and NSF
   DEB-0543562). These studies were also supported by the L. J. and L. C.
   Sanford Funds, and the Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for
   Molecular Systematic Studies, a joint initiative of the New York
   Botanical Gardens and the American Museum of Natural History, as well as
   by the Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, AMNH.
NR 102
TC 38
Z9 40
U1 2
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0748-3007
EI 1096-0031
J9 CLADISTICS
JI Cladistics
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 4
BP 386
EP 405
DI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00259.x
PG 20
WC Evolutionary Biology
SC Evolutionary Biology
GA 471IY
UT WOS:000268051800003
ER

PT J
AU Smith, PA
   Bart, J
   Lanctot, RB
   McCaffery, BJ
   Brown, S
AF Smith, Paul A.
   Bart, Jonathan
   Lanctot, Richard B.
   McCaffery, Brian J.
   Brown, Stephen
TI PROBABILITY OF DETECTION OF NESTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SURVEY DESIGN
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE breeding; double sampling; detection ratio; nest searching; shorebird;
   surveys
ID POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; ESTIMATE DENSITY; BIRD SURVEYS; ABUNDANCE
AB Surveys based on double sampling include a correction for the probability of detection by assuming complete enumeration of birds in an intensively surveyed subsample of plots. To evaluate this assumption, we calculated the probability of detecting active shorebird nests by using information from observers who searched the same plots independently. Our results demonstrate that this probability varies substantially by species and stage of the nesting cycle but less by site or density of nests. Among the species we studied, the estimated single-visit probability of nest detection during the incubation period varied from 0.21 for the White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis), the most difficult species to detect, to 0.64 for the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri), the most easily detected species, with a mean across species of 0.46. We used these detection probabilities to predict the fraction of persistent nests found over repeated nest searches. For a species with the mean value for detectability, the detection rate exceeded 0.85 after four visits. This level of nest detection was exceeded in only three visits for the Western Sandpiper, but six to nine visits were required for the White-rumped Sandpiper, depending on the type of survey employed. Our results suggest that the double-sampling method's requirement of nearly complete counts of birds in the intensively surveyed plots is likely to be met for birds with nests that survive over several visits of nest searching. Individuals with nests that fail quickly or individuals that do not breed can be detected with high probability only if territorial behavior is used to identify likely nesting pairs.
C1 [Smith, Paul A.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
   [Bart, Jonathan] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
   [Lanctot, Richard B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
   [McCaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bethel, AK 99559 USA.
   [Brown, Stephen] Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA.
RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
EM paulallen.smith@ec.gc.ca
FU Canadian Wildlife Service Prairie; Northern Region and the Polar
   Continental Shelf Project; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S.
   Geological Survey Forest and Rangelands Ecosystem Science Center
FX We are grateful to those who contributed in the field, including Travis
   Booms, Marie-Helene Burle, Mike Denega, Susan Earnst, Chadd Fitzpatrick,
   Kyle Elliott, Guillermo Fernandez Aceves, Randy Hill, Metta McGarvey,
   Michael Swaim, Heather Swenson, Audrey Taylor, Gavin Thomas, Blake
   Trask, Hope Woodward, and especially Brad Andres. Funding for work in
   Canada was provided by the Canadian Wildlife Service Prairie and
   Northern Region and the Polar Continental Shelf Project. Vicky Johnston
   assisted with the design of the surveys. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife
   Service provided logistical and financial support for the Barrow and
   Yukon Delta Refuge sites. The U.S. Geological Survey Forest and
   Rangelands Ecosystem Science Center provided support for J. Bart to
   participate in the study. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is
   for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
   government.
NR 40
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 16
PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
EI 1938-5129
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 111
IS 3
BP 414
EP 423
DI 10.1525/cond.2009.090002
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 507LI
UT WOS:000270854600002
ER

PT J
AU Luscier, JD
   Thompson, WL
AF Luscier, Jason D.
   Thompson, William L.
TI SHORT-TERM RESPONSES OF BREEDING BIRDS OF GRASSLAND AND EARLY
   SUCCESSIONAL HABITAT TO TIMING OF HAYING IN NORTHWESTERN ARKANSAS
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Agelaius phoeniceus; density; Dickcissel; Eastern Meadowlark; Field
   Sparrow; haying; grassland birds; nest survival; Red-winged Blackbird;
   Spiza americana; Spizella pusilla; Sturnella magna
ID NORTHERN BOBWHITE; MANAGEMENT; SONGBIRDS; SURVIVAL; FIELDS; ABUNDANCE;
   MISSOURI; QUALITY; PLOTS; NESTS
AB In 2003, we evaluated nest survival and density of the Dickcissel (Spiza americana), Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla), and Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) in four unhayed, two early-hayed (26-31 May) and three late-hayed (17-25 June) fields in northwestern Arkansas. Rope dragging and observations revealed 89 nests. Daily nest-survival rates (SE) prior to haying ranged from 0.94 (0.03) to 0.97 (0.02). Early haying affected both nest-survival rates and bird densities negatively, whereas late haying had minimal effects. Fifteen nests in hayed portions of early-hayed fields were destroyed, whereas only 2 of 52 nests were affected by late haying. Density was at least 0.98 birds ha(-1) higher in unhayed than in early-hayed fields and 1.03 birds ha(-1) higher in late-hayed than in early-hayed fields. In northwestern Arkansas, postponing haying until mid- to late June would allow time for nestlings to fledge, would have little effect on bird densities, and would affect hay nutrition and regrowth minimally.
C1 [Luscier, Jason D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
   [Thompson, William L.] Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
RP Luscier, JD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
EM jluscie@uark.edu
FU Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC); United States Geological
   Survey (USGS); University of Arkansas; Wildlife Management Institute
FX We are grateful to the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC) and the
   United States Geological Survey (USGS) for funding this project. The
   Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is supported
   jointly by the USGS, AGFC, University of Arkansas, and Wildlife
   Management Institute. We also thank the following people for their
   assistance with various aspects of this project: R. Ahlert, H. Birch, C.
   Butcher, J. Fleming, J. Gentry, P. Hornsby, A. James, F. Kirk, D.
   Krementz, L. Moore, J. Neal, R. Odegard, B. Orr, L. Powell, T.
   Rotenberry, K. Rowe, B. Shoffier, K. Smith, the Arkansas Cooperative
   Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and University of Arkansas students.
   Finally, we gratefully acknowledge our technicians: R. Barnhill, E.
   Brothers, J. Millikin, C. Morris, N. Schubert, and S. Spurrier. Field
   methods used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal
   Care and Use Committee at the University of Arkansas (protocol #02030).
   The use of trade, product, industry or firm names or products is for
   informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by the
   U.S. government or the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 40
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 10
PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 111
IS 3
BP 538
EP 544
DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080019
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 507LI
UT WOS:000270854600016
ER

PT J
AU Wiltermuth, MT
   Anteau, MJ
   Sherfy, MH
   Shaffer, TL
AF Wiltermuth, Mark T.
   Anteau, Michael J.
   Sherfy, Mark H.
   Shaffer, Terry L.
TI NEST MOVEMENT BY PIPING PLOVERS IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING HABITAT
   CONDITIONS
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Charadrius melodus; egg movement; nest flooding; nest-site selection;
   nest survival; Piping Plover; prospective action
ID LAKE DIEFENBAKER; FEMALE MALLARD; EGG RETRIEVAL; SELECTION; GADWALLS;
   GEESE
AB Birds that nest along reservoir or river shorelines may face fluctuating water levels that threaten nest survival. On Lake Sakakawea of the upper Missouri River, 37 and 70% of Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) nests found in 2007 and 2008, respectively, were initiated at elevations inundated prior to projected hatch date. We describe eight events at seven nests in which adult Piping Plovers appeared to have moved active nests threatened by rising water or gathered eggs apparently displaced by rising water on Lake Sakakawea and the Garrison reach of the upper Missouri River. Additionally, we describe one nest that was moved after the habitat at the nest site had been disturbed by domestic cattle. Our observations and evidence indicate that adult Piping Plovers are capable of moving eggs and establishing nests at new sites during incubation. Furthermore, our results suggest that Piping Plovers evaluate their reproductive investment under potential threat of nest loss and may be capable of acting prospectively (moving nests prior to inundation) and reactively (regathering eggs after inundation) to avoid nest failure.
C1 [Wiltermuth, Mark T.; Anteau, Michael J.; Sherfy, Mark H.; Shaffer, Terry L.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
RP Wiltermuth, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA.
EM mwiltermuth@usgs.gov
OI Wiltermuth, Mark/0000-0002-8871-2816
FU Corps' Omaha District Threatened; Endangered Species Section; Garrison
   Project Office
FX This study was conducted under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers'
   Missouri River Recovery Program. We are grateful for financial and
   logistical support of the Corps' Omaha District Threatened and
   Endangered Species Section and Garrison Project Office, and for
   technical support by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
   Missouri River Least Tern and Piping Plover Research Team. Our field
   protocols were approved by the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research
   Center Animal Care and Use Committee. We thank Andrea Anteau, Alisa
   Bartos, Phil Brown, Ray Buchhelit, Colin Dovichin, Anthony Hipp, Coral
   Huber, Brenda Jarski-Weber, Casey Kruse, Michael Morris, Nickolas Smith,
   Marsha Sovada, and Jennifer Stucker for help with project planning and
   logistics, and the many field technicians for their assistance with data
   collection. Last, we are indebted to Lawrence IgI, Abby Powell, and
   anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript.
NR 30
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 16
PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
EI 1938-5129
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 111
IS 3
BP 550
EP 555
DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080106
PG 6
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 507LI
UT WOS:000270854600018
ER

PT J
AU Fausch, KD
   Rieman, BE
   Dunham, JB
   Young, MK
   Peterson, DP
AF Fausch, Kurt D.
   Rieman, Bruce E.
   Dunham, Jason B.
   Young, Michael K.
   Peterson, Douglas P.
TI Invasion versus Isolation: Trade-Offs in Managing Native Salmonids with
   Barriers to Upstream Movement
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE biological invasions; corridors; habitat fragmentation; isolation;
   salmonids; stream fish
ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; INTRODUCED
   RAINBOW-TROUT; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION;
   SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT;
   RESTORATION ECOLOGY; FISH INTRODUCTIONS
AB Conservation biologists often face the trade-off that increasing connectivity in fragmented landscapes to reduce extinction risk of native species can foster invasion by non-native species that enter via the corridors created, which can then increase extinction risk. This dilemma is acute for stream fishes, especially native salmonids, because their populations are frequently relegated to fragments of headwater habitat threatened by invasion from downstream by 3 cosmopolitan non-native salmonids. Managers often block these upstream invasions with movement barriers, but isolation of native salmonids in small headwater streams can increase the threat of local extinction. We propose a conceptual framework to address this worldwide problem that focuses on 4 main questions. First, are populations of conservation value present (considering evolutionary legacies, ecological functions, and socioeconomic benefits as distinct values)? Second, are populations vulnerable to invasion and displacement by non-native salmonids? Third, would these populations be threatened with local extinction if isolated with barriers? And, fourth, how should management be prioritized among multiple populations? We also developed a conceptual model of the joint trade-off of invasion and isolation threats that considers the opportunities for managers to make strategic decisions. We illustrated use of this framework in an analysis of the invasion-isolation trade-off for native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) in 2 contrasting basins in western North America where invasion and isolation are either present and strong or farther away and apparently weak. These cases demonstrate that decisions to install or remove barriers to conserve native salmonids are often complex and depend on conservation values, environmental context (which influences the threat of invasion and isolation), and additional socioeconomic factors. Explicit analysis with tools such as those we propose can help managers make sound decisions in such complex circumstances.
C1 [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
   [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
   [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
RP Fausch, KD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM kurtf@warnercnr.colostate.edu
RI Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010
NR 90
TC 113
Z9 115
U1 11
U2 71
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 4
BP 859
EP 870
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01159.x
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 471BS
UT WOS:000268028800016
PM 19210302
ER

PT J
AU Stephenson, JJ
   Campbell, MR
   Hess, JE
   Kozfkay, C
   Matala, AP
   McPhee, MV
   Moran, P
   Narum, SR
   Paquin, MM
   Schlei, O
   Small, MP
   Van Doornik, DM
   Wenburg, JK
AF Stephenson, Jeff J.
   Campbell, Matt R.
   Hess, Jon E.
   Kozfkay, Chris
   Matala, Andrew P.
   McPhee, Megan V.
   Moran, Paul
   Narum, Shawn R.
   Paquin, Melanie M.
   Schlei, Ora
   Small, Maureen P.
   Van Doornik, Donald M.
   Wenburg, John K.
TI A centralized model for creating shared, standardized, microsatellite
   data that simplifies inter-laboratory collaboration
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Microsatellites; Standardization; Steelhead; Oncorhynchus mykiss
ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; PACIFIC SALMON; MINISATELLITE LOCI;
   ATLANTIC SALMON
AB We demonstrate an efficient model for standardizing microsatellite DNA data among laboratories studying Oncorhynchus mykiss. Eight laboratories standardized 13 microsatellite loci following allele nomenclature of a central laboratory (average inter-laboratory genotyping concordance > 98%). Following this central model, we have currently standardized 298 alleles from throughout the species native range. Although we focus here on O. mykiss, our experiences and recommendation apply equally to other broadly distributed species that may benefit from multi-laboratory collaborative data collection.
C1 [Stephenson, Jeff J.; Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA.
   [Campbell, Matt R.; Kozfkay, Chris] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, ID 83616 USA.
   [Hess, Jon E.; Moran, Paul; Paquin, Melanie M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
   [Matala, Andrew P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Abernathy, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA.
   [McPhee, Megan V.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA.
   [Schlei, Ora; Wenburg, John K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
   [Small, Maureen P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Div Sci, Fish Program, Conservat Biol Unit, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
   [Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA.
RP Stephenson, JJ (reprint author), Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA.
EM stej@critfc.org
RI Hess, Jon/F-5124-2012
OI Hess, Jon/0000-0002-3643-202X
NR 18
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 10
IS 4
BP 1145
EP 1149
DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9729-4
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 459LN
UT WOS:000267104000056
ER

PT J
AU Wesson, RL
   Perkins, DM
   Luco, N
   Karaca, E
AF Wesson, Robert L.
   Perkins, David M.
   Luco, Nicolas
   Karaca, Erdem
TI Direct Calculation of the Probability Distribution for Earthquake Losses
   to a Portfolio
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
DE earthquake engineering; hazards; Monte Carlo methods; probability
ID GROUND-MOTION; SEISMIC HAZARD; CALIFORNIA
AB We demonstrate a direct method for the calculation of the annual frequency of exceedance for earthquake losses (or the probability distribution for annual losses) to a portfolio. This method parallels the classic method of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for the calculation of the annual frequency of exceedance for earthquake ground motions. The method assumes conditional independence of the random component of ground motions and losses at different sites for each earthquake, given magnitude, distance to the sites, and so-called interevent epsilon. Examples show that the method is realizable, and can take into account different loss functions and site conditions in the portfolio. The main advantage of this method is that it does not require a separate set of scenario earthquakes, as do Monte Carlo-based approaches, but can be calculated directly from the inputs used for hazard maps.
C1 [Wesson, Robert L.; Perkins, David M.; Luco, Nicolas; Karaca, Erdem] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Karaca, Erdem] Swiss Re, Armonk, NY 10504 USA.
RP Wesson, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 33
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 3
BP 687
EP 706
DI 10.1193/1.3159475
PG 20
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 481KS
UT WOS:000268809600010
ER

PT J
AU Huang, YN
   Whittaker, AS
   Luco, N
AF Huang, Yin-Nan
   Whittaker, Andrew S.
   Luco, Nicolas
TI Orientation of Maximum Spectral Demand in the Near-Fault Region
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-MOTION
AB An orientation-dependent parameter, (R) over bar (Sa) (theta), is used to investigate the orientation of maximum elastic spectral demand for near-fault ground motions. The upper bound on (R) over bar (Sa)(theta), equal to 1, occurs when the spectral demands for an orientation theta are equal to the maximum demands at all periods considered. One hundred forty-seven pairs of near-fault ground motions were used to identify the orientation associated with the maximum value of (R) over bar (Sa) for each pair of ground motions. The maximum value of (R) over bar (Sa) is greater than 0.9 for over 80% of the records in the dataset, meaning that there is generally an axis where the spectral demands are equal or very close to the maximum spectral demands for a wide range of period. The strike-normal direction should not be used as a surrogate for the direction of maximum shaking for a) closest site-to-source distance less than 5 km and periods less than 1 second, and b) closest site-to-source distance greater than 5 km. [DOI: 10.1193/1.3158997]
C1 [Huang, Yin-Nan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
   [Whittaker, Andrew S.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.
RP Huang, YN (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Blk N1,N Spine,Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
RI Huang, Yin-Nan/H-9914-2012
FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) [08HQGR0017]
FX Financial support for the study described herein was provided by the
   U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Award Number 08HQGR0017. We acknowledge
   and thank Drs. David Boore and John Douglas and two anonymous reviewers
   for their careful evaluation of the manuscript.
NR 4
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 3
BP 707
EP 717
DI 10.1193/1.3158997
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 481KS
UT WOS:000268809600011
ER

PT J
AU Large, RR
   Danyushevsky, L
   Hollit, C
   Maslennikov, V
   Meffre, S
   Gilbert, S
   Bull, S
   Scott, R
   Emsbo, P
   Thomas, H
   Singh, B
   Foster, J
AF Large, Ross R.
   Danyushevsky, Leonid
   Hollit, Chris
   Maslennikov, Valeriy
   Meffre, Sebastien
   Gilbert, Sarah
   Bull, Stuart
   Scott, Rob
   Emsbo, Poul
   Thomas, Helen
   Singh, Bob
   Foster, Jeffrey
TI Gold and Trace Element Zonation in Pyrite Using a Laser Imaging
   Technique: Implications for the Timing of Gold in Orogenic and
   Carlin-Style Sediment-Hosted Deposits
SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; CENTRAL VICTORIA; ARSENIAN PYRITE; INVISIBLE
   GOLD; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; PROTON-MICROPROBE; FRAMBOIDAL PYRITE;
   AUSTRALIA; SULFIDE; NEVADA
AB Laser ablation ICP-MS imaging of gold and other trace elements in pyrite from four different sediment hosted gold-arsenic deposits has revealed two distinct episodes of gold enrichment in each deposit: an early synsedimentary stage where invisible gold is concentrated in arsenian diagenetic pyrite along with other trace elements, in particular, As, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ag, Mo, Te, V, and Se; and a later hydrothermal stage where gold forms as either free gold grains in cracks in overgrowth metamorphic and/or hydrothermal pyrite or as narrow, gold-arsenic rims on the outermost parts of the overgrowth hydrothermal pyrite. Compared to the diagenetic pyrites, the hydrothermal pyrites are commonly depleted in Ni, V, Zn, Pb, and Ag with cyclic zones of Co, Ni, and As concentration. The outermost hydrothermal pyrite rims are either As-Au rich, as in moderate- to high-grade deposits such as Carlin and Bendigo, or Co-Ni rich and As-Au poor as in moderate- to low-grade deposits such as Sukhoi Log and Spanish Mountain. The early enrichment of gold in arsenic-bearing syngenetic to diagenetic pyrite, within black shale facies of sedimentary basins, is proposed as a critical requirement for the later development of Carlin-style and orogenic gold deposits in sedimentary environments. The best grade sediment-hosted deposits appear to have the gold climax event, toward the final stages of deformation-related hydrothermal pyrite growth and fluid flow.
C1 [Large, Ross R.; Danyushevsky, Leonid; Hollit, Chris; Meffre, Sebastien; Gilbert, Sarah; Bull, Stuart; Scott, Rob; Thomas, Helen; Foster, Jeffrey] Univ Tasmania, CODES ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   [Maslennikov, Valeriy] Russian Acad Sci, Urals Branch, Inst Mineral, Miass, Russia.
   [Emsbo, Poul] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Singh, Bob] Skygold Ventures, Vancouver, BC V6C 2V6, Canada.
RP Large, RR (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, CODES ARC Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Private Bag 126, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
EM Ross.Large@utas.edu.au
RI Large, Ross/C-5365-2009; Danyushevsky, Leonid/C-5346-2013; Meffre,
   Sebastien/J-8700-2014
OI Danyushevsky, Leonid/0000-0003-4050-6850; Meffre,
   Sebastien/0000-0003-2741-6076
FU Barrick; Newcrest' Newmont; St. Barbara; Perserverence; Golden Gryphon;
   Bendigo Mining; Skygold Ventures; ARC Centre of Excellence
FX Part of this research Wits undertaken in an AMIRA
   International-Australian Research Council (AMIRA-ARC) project (P923) on
   Trace Element Signatures of Sediment-Hosted Gold Deposits. The sponsor
   companies, Barrick, Newcrest' Newmont, St. Barbara, Perserverence, and
   Golden Gryphon are thanked for their support and commitment to the
   project. Bendigo Mining and Skygold Ventures are also thanked for their
   support of research at Bendigo and Spanish Mountain. jean Cline, Artur
   Deditius, Larry Meinert, and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their
   very detailed and valuable comments on the manuscript. This research was
   conducted under the ARC Centre of Excellence funding program.
NR 73
TC 190
Z9 206
U1 11
U2 92
PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC
PI LITTLETON
PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA
SN 0361-0128
J9 ECON GEOL
JI Econ. Geol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 104
IS 5
BP 635
EP 668
PG 34
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 491RZ
UT WOS:000269598400003
ER

PT J
AU Noe, GB
   Hupp, CR
AF Noe, Gregory B.
   Hupp, Cliff R.
TI Retention of Riverine Sediment and Nutrient Loads by Coastal Plain
   Floodplains
SO ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE floodplain; sediment; nitrogen; phosphorus; retention; wetland; river
ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITROGEN-RETENTION;
   ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE-WATER; PHOSPHORUS; STORAGE; USA; NITRATE;
   QUALITY
AB Despite the frequent citation of wetlands as effective regulators of water quality, few quantitative estimates exist for their cumulative retention of the annual river loads of nutrients or sediments. Here we report measurements of sediment accretion and associated carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus accumulation as sedimentation over feldspar marker horizons placed on floodplains of the non-tidal, freshwater Coastal Plain reaches of seven rivers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. We then scale these accumulation rates to the entire extent of non-tidal floodplain in the Coastal Plain of each river, defined as riparian area extending from the Fall Line to the upper limit of tidal influence, and compare them to annual river loads. Floodplains accumulated a very large amount of material compared to their annual river loads of sediment (median among rivers = 119%), nitrogen (24%), and phosphorus (59%). Systems with larger floodplain areas and longer floodplain inundation retained greater proportions of riverine loads of nitrogen and phosphorus, but systems with larger riverine loads retained a smaller proportion of that load on floodplains. Although the source and long-term fate of deposited sediment and associated nutrients are uncertain, these fluxes represent the interception of large amounts of material that otherwise could have been exported downstream. Coastal Plain floodplain ecosystems are important regulators of sediment, carbon, and nutrient transport in watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay.
C1 [Noe, Gregory B.; Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Noe, GB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM gnoe@usgs.gov
RI Noe, Gregory/A-1365-2010; 
OI Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646
FU USGS
FX This study was funded by the Chesapeake Bay Priority Ecosystem Science
   Program, the National Research Program, and the Hydrologic Networks and
   Analysis Program of the USGS. The authors would like to thank Dan Kroes,
   Tommy Donelson, Josh Ewell, and Hana Sanei for assistance in the field;
   Kathy Conko, Mike Doughten, and Jimmy Bae for help in the laboratory; Ed
   Schenk for estimating floodplain areas and inundation; Allen Gellis for
   providing sediment load data; Rich Alexander for providing SPARROW
   predictions; Lauren McPhillips for generating the map; and Rich
   Alexander, Charlie Demas, Dorothy Tepper, Des Walling, and two anonymous
   reviewers for comments on drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade,
   product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
   imply endorsement of the US Government.
NR 57
TC 60
Z9 61
U1 3
U2 44
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1432-9840
J9 ECOSYSTEMS
JI Ecosystems
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 12
IS 5
BP 728
EP 746
DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9253-5
PG 19
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 477BO
UT WOS:000268492000003
ER

PT J
AU Liu, JL
   Li, YL
   Zhang, B
   Cao, JL
   Cao, ZG
   Domagalski, J
AF Liu, Jingling
   Li, Yongli
   Zhang, Bao
   Cao, Jinling
   Cao, Zhiguo
   Domagalski, Joseph
TI Ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the Luan River source
   water
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Workshop on Environmental Health and Pollution Control
CY OCT, 2006
CL Nanjing Univ Peoples R China, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
HO Nanjing Univ Peoples R China
DE Luan River; Sediment; Heavy metal; Ecological risk assessment
ID POLLUTION; CHINA; SOILS; LEAD; FRACTIONATION; CONTAMINATION;
   MULTIVARIATE; SPECIATION; RESERVOIR; TOXICITY
AB Distribution and characteristics of heavy metals enrichment in sediment were surveyed including the bio-available form analyzed for assessment of the Luan River source water quality. The approaches of sediment quality guidelines (SQG), risk assessment code and Hakanson potential ecological risk index were used for the ecological risk assessment. According to SQG, The results show that in animal bodies, Hg at the sampling site of Wuliehexia was 1.39 mg/kg, Cr at Sandaohezi was 152.37 mg/kg and Cu at Hanjiaying was 178.61 mg/kg exceeding the severe effect screening level. There were 90% of sampling sites of Cr and Pb and 50% sites of Cu exceeded the lowest effect screening level. At Boluonuo and Wuliehexia, the exchangeable and carbonate fractions for above 50% of sites were at high risk levels and that for above 30% of sites at Xiahenan and Wulieheshang were also at high risk levels. Other sites were at medium risk level. Compared to soil background values of China, Hg and Cd showed very strong ecological risk, and the seven heavy metals of Hg, Cd, Cu, As, Pb, Cr, Zn at ecological risk levels were in the descending order. The results could give insight into risk assessment of environmental pollution and decision-making for water source security.
C1 [Liu, Jingling; Li, Yongli; Zhang, Bao; Cao, Jinling; Cao, Zhiguo] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Domagalski, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
   [Liu, Jingling; Li, Yongli; Zhang, Bao; Cao, Jinling; Cao, Zhiguo] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
RP Liu, JL (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM jingling@bnu.edu.cn
NR 42
TC 72
Z9 89
U1 2
U2 46
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0963-9292
J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY
JI Ecotoxicology
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 6
BP 748
EP 758
DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0345-y
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 466NS
UT WOS:000267669500016
PM 19499329
ER

PT J
AU Liu, JL
   Ma, MY
   Zhang, FL
   Yang, ZF
   Domagalski, J
AF Liu, Jingling
   Ma, Muyuan
   Zhang, Fengling
   Yang, Zhifeng
   Domagalski, Joseph
TI The ecohealth assessment and ecological restoration division of urban
   water system in Beijing
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Workshop on Environmental Health and Pollution Control
CY OCT, 2006
CL Nanjing Univ Peoples R China, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA
HO Nanjing Univ Peoples R China
DE Beihuan water system; Health; Diagnosis; Assessment
ID RIVER HEALTH; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; RUNNING WATERS; INDEX; CLASSIFICATION;
   CHINA
AB Evaluating six main rivers and six lakes in Beihuan water system (BWS) and diagnosing the limiting factors of eco-health were conducted for the ecohealth assessment and ecological restoration division of urban water system (UWS) for Beijing. The results indicated that Jingmi River and Nanchang River were in a healthy state, the degree of membership to unhealthy were 0.358, 0.392, respectively; while Yongding River, Beihucheng River, Liangma River, Tongzi River and six lakes were in an unhealthy state, their degree of membership to unhealthy were between 0.459 and 0.927. The order of that was Liangma > Beihucheng > Tongzi > Yongding > six lakes > Jingmi > Nanchang, in which Liangma Rivers of that was over 0.8. The problems of Rivers and lakes in BWS are different. Jingmi River and Nanchang River were ecotype limiting; Yongding River, Tongzi River and six lakes were water quality and ecotype limiting. Beihucheng River and Liangma River were water quantity, water quality and ecotype limiting. BWS could be divided into 3 restoration divisions, pollution control division including Yongding River, Tongzi River and six lakes; Jingmi River and Nanchang River were ecological restoration zone, while Beihucheng River and Liangma River were in comprehensive improvement zone. Restoration potentiality of Jingmi River and Nanchang River were higher, and Liangma River was hardest to restore. The results suggest a new idea to evaluate the impact of human and environmental factors on UWS.
C1 [Liu, Jingling; Ma, Muyuan; Zhang, Fengling; Yang, Zhifeng] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Domagalski, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
RP Liu, JL (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM jingling@bnu.edu.cn
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0963-9292
EI 1573-3017
J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY
JI Ecotoxicology
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 6
BP 759
EP 767
DI 10.1007/s10646-009-0342-1
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 466NS
UT WOS:000267669500017
PM 19513828
ER

PT J
AU DeMartini, EE
   Zgliczynski, BJ
   Boland, RC
   Friedlander, AM
AF DeMartini, Edward E.
   Zgliczynski, Brian J.
   Boland, Raymond C.
   Friedlander, Alan M.
TI Influences of wind-wave exposure on the distribution and density of
   recruit reef fishes at Kure and Pearl and Hermes Atolls, Northwestern
   Hawaiian Islands
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Reef fish recruitment; Labroids; Larval dispersal; Wind transport;
   Post-settlement factors; Habitat selection; Piscivory
ID CORAL-REEF; PRESETTLEMENT FISHES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; LARVAL FISHES;
   POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; ENDEMISM; PACIFIC; OCEAN; REPLENISHMENT
AB This paper describes the results of a field survey designed to test the prediction that the density of benthic juveniles of shallow-reef fishes is greater on wind-wave "exposed" sectors of a pair of isolated oceanic atolls (Kure, Pearl and Hermes) at the far northwestern end of the Hawaiian Islands, an archipelago in which east-northeasterly trade winds dominate onshore water flow and transport by surface currents. The densities of recruits (juveniles a parts per thousand currency sign5 cm total length) were higher overall on windward versus leeward sectors of carbonate rock-rubble back reefs at both atolls, and the pattern was stronger for smaller (likely younger, more recently settled) recruits of four of the five most abundant species and the remainder pooled as an "Other" taxon. The windward-leeward disparity was four-fold greater at Pearl Hermes (the atoll with a three-fold longer perimeter) than at Kure. Resident predator biomass also was correlated with recruit densities, but habitat (benthic substratum) effects were generally weak. The distribution and abundance of recruits and juveniles of the primarily endemic reef fishes on shallow back reefs at these atolls appear partly influenced by relative rates of water flow over windward vs. leeward sectors of barrier reef and by the size, shape, and orientation of habitat parcels that filter out postlarval fishes with relatively weak swimming capabilities like labroids. Whole-reef geomorphology as well as fine-scale habitat heterogeneity and rugosity should be considered among the suite of many factors used to interpret observed spatial patterns of post-settlement juvenile fish distribution at atolls and perhaps some other tropical reefs.
C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
   [Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
   [Boland, Raymond C.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Friedlander, Alan M.] US Geol Survey, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Hts Res Facil, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov
NR 50
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 85
IS 4
BP 319
EP 332
DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9514-3
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 480XY
UT WOS:000268771800010
ER

PT J
AU Silva, L
   Oliveira, M
   da Boit, KM
   Finkelman, RB
AF Silva, L. F. O.
   Oliveira, M. L. S.
   da Boit, K. M.
   Finkelman, R. B.
TI Characterization of Santa Catarina (Brazil) coal with respect to human
   health and environmental concerns
SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Brazil coal mining; Health; Trace elements; The environment
ID GEOLOGICAL CONTROLS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MINERAL MATTER; PARANA BASIN;
   SEAMS; RANK
AB The current paper presents the concentration, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements of 13 coals from south Brazil. The samples were collected in the state of Santa Catarina. Chemical analyses and the high ash yields indicate that all studied coals are rich in mineral matter, with SiO(2) and Al(2)O(3) dominating as determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Quartz is the main mineral species and is associated with minor levels of feldspars, kaolinite, hematite, and iron-rich carbonates. The contents of trace elements, including As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Be, V, U, Zn, Li, Cu, Tl, and Ni, in coals were determined. A comparison of ranges and means of elemental concentrations in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and world coals shows that the ranges of most elements in Santa Catarina coal are very close to the usual worldwide concentration ranges in coal.
C1 [Silva, L. F. O.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Organ, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
   [Oliveira, M. L. S.] Univ S Santa Catarina, Dept Technol Sci & Accurate Sci, Tubarao, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
   [da Boit, K. M.] Univ Santiago, Fac Med, Dept Fisiol, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
   [Finkelman, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Silva, L (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Organ, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
EM felipeqma@yahoo.com.br
NR 44
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0269-4042
J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH
JI Environ. Geochem. Health
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 31
IS 4
BP 475
EP 485
DI 10.1007/s10653-008-9200-y
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public,
   Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental &
   Occupational Health; Water Resources
GA 466KN
UT WOS:000267661200006
PM 18677575
ER

PT J
AU Vincent, KR
   Friedman, JM
   Griffin, ER
AF Vincent, Kirk R.
   Friedman, Jonathan M.
   Griffin, Eleanor R.
TI Erosional Consequence of Saltcedar Control
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bank stability; Erosion; LIDAR; Phreatophyte removal; Saltcedar control;
   Sediment transport
ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; NEW-MEXICO; WATER SALVAGE;
   PECOS RIVER; RIO-GRANDE; CHANNEL; TAMARIX; RESTORATION; STABILITY
AB Removal of nonnative riparian trees is accelerating to conserve water and improve habitat for native species. Widespread control of dominant species, however, can lead to unintended erosion. Helicopter herbicide application in 2003 along a 12-km reach of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico, eliminated the target invasive species saltcedar (Tamarix spp.), which dominated the floodplain, as well as the native species sandbar willow (Salix exigua Nuttall), which occurred as a fringe along the channel. Herbicide application initiated a natural experiment testing the importance of riparian vegetation for bank stability along this data-rich river. A flood three years later eroded about 680,000 m(3) of sediment, increasing mean channel width of the sprayed reach by 84%. Erosion upstream and downstream from the sprayed reach during this flood was inconsequential. Sand eroded from channel banks was transported an average of 5 km downstream and deposited on the floodplain and channel bed. Although vegetation was killed across the floodplain in the sprayed reach, erosion was almost entirely confined to the channel banks. The absence of dense, flexible woody stems on the banks reduced drag on the flow, leading to high shear stress at the toe of the banks, fluvial erosion, bank undercutting, and mass failure. The potential for increased erosion must be included in consideration of phreatophyte control projects.
C1 [Vincent, Kirk R.; Griffin, Eleanor R.] US Geol Survey, WRD, BRR CR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Friedman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Griffin, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, BRR CR, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM kvincent28@mac.com; freidmanj@usgs.gov; egriffin@usgs.gov
OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-1329-0663
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This research was funded by the Central Region Integrated Science
   Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. LIDAR acquisition was overseen by
   Vivian Queija and carried out by Spectrum Mapping, LLC. Terry Waddle and
   Julie Roth assisted with the 2007 GPS survey, and Zack Bowen and Jason
   Kean assisted with the 2002 topographic surveys. Larry Benson, Chris
   Holmquist-Johnson, Ray Watts, Juliette Wilson, and four anonymous
   referees provided constructive reviews. Use of trade names or company
   names does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 54
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
EI 1432-1009
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 44
IS 2
BP 218
EP 227
DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9314-8
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 477BP
UT WOS:000268492100002
PM 19548024
ER

PT J
AU Gunson, KE
   Clevenger, AP
   Ford, AT
   Bissonette, JA
   Hardy, A
AF Gunson, Kari E.
   Clevenger, Anthony P.
   Ford, Adam T.
   Bissonette, John A.
   Hardy, Amanda
TI A Comparison of Data Sets Varying in Spatial Accuracy Used to Predict
   the Occurrence of Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Banff National Park; Data collection; Mortality; Road ecology; Spatial
   accuracy; Ungulate; Variable selection; Wildlife-vehicle collision
ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; INTERSTATE HIGHWAY; NATIONAL-PARKS;
   ACCIDENTS; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; AUSTRALIA; LOCATIONS; IMPACTS
AB Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) pose a significant safety and conservation concern in areas where high-traffic roads are situated adjacent to wildlife habitat. Improving transportation safety, accurately planning highway mitigation, and identifying key habitat linkage areas may all depend on the quality of WVC data collection. Two common approaches to describe the location of WVCs are spatially accurate data derived from global positioning systems (GPS) or vehicle odometer measurements and less accurate road-marker data derived from reference points (e.g., mile-markers or landmarks) along the roadside. In addition, there are two common variable types used to predict WVC locations: (1) field-derived, site-specific measurements and (2) geographic information system (GIS)-derived information. It is unclear whether these different approaches produce similar results when attempting to identify and explain the location of WVCs. Our first objective was to determine and compare the spatial error found in road-marker data (in our case the closest mile-marker) and landmark-referenced data. Our second objective was to evaluate the performance of models explaining high- and low-probability WVC locations, using congruent, spatially accurate (< 3-m) and road-marker (< 800-m) response variables in combination with field- and GIS-derived explanatory variables. Our WVC data sets were comprised of ungulate collisions and were located along five major roads in the central Canadian Rocky Mountains. We found that spatial error (mean +/- A SD) was higher for WVC data referenced to nearby landmarks (516 +/- A 808 m) than for data referenced to the closest mile-marker data (401 +/- A 219 m). The top-performing model using the spatially accurate WVC locations contained all explanatory variable types, whereas GIS-derived variables were only influential in the best road-marker model and the spatially accurate reduced model. Our study showed that spatial error and sample size, using road-marker data for ungulate species, are important to consider for model output interpretation, which will impact the appropriate scale on which to apply modeling results. Using road-marker references < 1.6 km or GPS-derived data locations may represent an optimal compromise between data acquisition costs and analytical performance.
C1 [Gunson, Kari E.] Ecokare Int, Toronto, ON M4E 1C0, Canada.
   [Clevenger, Anthony P.; Ford, Adam T.; Hardy, Amanda] Montana State Univ, Western Transportat Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Bissonette, John A.] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources,Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Clevenger, AP (reprint author), 138 Birch Ave, Harvie Hts, AB T1W 2W2, Canada.
EM kegunson@eco-kare.com; apclevenger@gmail.com
NR 45
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 3
U2 45
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
EI 1432-1009
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 44
IS 2
BP 268
EP 277
DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9303-y
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 477BP
UT WOS:000268492100006
PM 19452205
ER

PT J
AU Battaglin, WA
   Rice, KC
   Focazio, MJ
   Salmons, S
   Barry, RX
AF Battaglin, William A.
   Rice, Karen C.
   Focazio, Michael J.
   Salmons, Sue
   Barry, Robert X.
TI The occurrence of glyphosate, atrazine, and other pesticides in vernal
   pools and adjacent streams in Washington, DC, Maryland, Iowa, and
   Wyoming, 2005-2006
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Atrazine; Glyphosate; Nonindigenous plants; Pesticides; Vernal pools
ID FROGS RANA-PIPIENS; 2 LIFE STAGES; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; VISION(R) HERBICIDE;
   FOREST WETLANDS; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS;
   GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; AMPHIBIAN LARVAE
AB Vernal pools are sensitive environments that provide critical habitat for many species, including amphibians. These small water bodies are not always protected by pesticide label requirements for no-spray buffer zones, and the occurrence of pesticides in them is poorly documented. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of glyphosate, its primary degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid, and additional pesticides in vernal pools and adjacent flowing waters. Most sampling sites were chosen to be in areas where glyphosate was being used either in production agriculture or for nonindigenous plant control. The four site locations were in otherwise protected areas (e.g., in a National Park). When possible, water samples were collected both before and after glyphosate application in 2005 and 2006. Twenty-eight pesticides or pesticide degradation products were detected in the study, and as many as 11 were identified in individual samples. Atrazine was detected most frequently and concentrations exceeded the freshwater aquatic life standard of 1.8 micrograms per liter (mu g/l) in samples from Rands Ditch and Browns Ditch in DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge. Glyphosate was measured at the highest concentration (328 mu g/l) in a sample from Riley Spring Pond in Rock Creek National Park. This concentration exceeded the freshwater aquatic life standard for glyphosate of 65 mu g/l. Aminomethylphosphonic acid, triclopyr, and nicosulfuron also were detected at concentrations greater than 3.0 mu g/l.
C1 [Battaglin, William A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
   [Rice, Karen C.] US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
   [Focazio, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Salmons, Sue] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA.
   [Barry, Robert X.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alamo, TX 78516 USA.
RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046 MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM wbattagl@usgs.gov
RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; 
OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443
FU USGS Toxics Substances Hydrology Program; USGS Amphibian Research and
   Monitoring Initiative
FX The authors are thankful of the support they received from the project
   collaborators who helped with site selection, sample collection, and
   other aspects of this project. The project collaborators included: Robin
   Jung, Priya Nanjappa, and Evan Grant, USGS, Laurel, MD; Betty Scribner,
   USGS, Lawrence, KS; Terry Cacek, NPS, Ft Collins, CO; Tiffany Parson, US
   FWS, Arlington, VA; Bill Yeaman and Ken Ferebee, NPS, VA; and Bob Barry,
   US FWS, IA. This project was supported by the USGS Toxics Substances
   Hydrology Program http://toxics.usgs.gov/) and the USGS Amphibian
   Research and Monitoring Initiative (http://armi.usgs.gov/).
NR 88
TC 56
Z9 58
U1 4
U2 43
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 155
IS 1-4
BP 281
EP 307
DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0435-y
PG 27
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 469HL
UT WOS:000267887000023
PM 18677547
ER

PT J
AU Schmutz, JA
   Trust, KA
   Matz, AC
AF Schmutz, Joel A.
   Trust, Kimberly A.
   Matz, Angela C.
TI Red-throated loons (Gavia stellata) breeding in Alaska, USA, are exposed
   to PCBs while on their Asian wintering grounds
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Red-throated loons; Metals; PCBs; Alaska
ID PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; COMMON LOONS;
   ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PHALACROCORAX-CARBO; MIGRATORY BIRDS;
   WESTERN ALASKA; TRACE-ELEMENTS; EMPEROR GEESE; HEAVY-METALS
AB Red-throated loons (Gavia stellata) breeding in Alaska declined 53% during 1977-1993. We compare concentrations of environmental contaminants in red-throated loons among four nesting areas in Alaska and discuss potential ramifications of exposure on reproductive success and population trends. Eggs from the four areas had similar total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations, but eggs from the Arctic coastal plain had different congener profiles and greater toxic equivalents (TEQs) than eggs from elsewhere. Satellite telemetry data indicate that red-throated loons from the Arctic coastal plain in northern Alaska winter in southeast Asia, while those breeding elsewhere in Alaska winter in North America. Different wintering areas may lead to differential PCB accumulation among red-throated loon populations. For eggs from the Arctic coastal plain, TEQs were great enough to postulate PCB-associated reproductive effects in piscivores. The correlation between migration patterns and PCB profiles suggests that red-throated loons breeding in northern Alaska are exposed to PCBs while on their Asian wintering grounds. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Trust, Kimberly A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
   [Matz, Angela C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
RP Schmutz, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM jschmutz@usgs.gov; kim_trust@fws.gov; angela_matz@fws.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Environmental Contaminants; U.S. Fish
   and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Management-Region 7; Western Arctic
   National Parklands; U.S. Geological Survey's Species at Risk;
   Park-Oriented Research; Quick Response programs; National Fish and
   Wildlife Foundation
FX Funding support was provided by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's
   Environmental Contaminants program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
   Migratory Bird Management-Region 7, Western Arctic National Parklands,
   U.S. Geological Survey's Species at Risk, Park-Oriented Research, and
   Quick Response programs, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.
   We are indebted to S. Earnst (ACP) and T. Fondell (Copper River), who
   graciously hosted us in their field camps and guided us to known nest
   and brood locations. Transport of personnel to field sites was
   accomplished by Chugach National Forest, Yukon Delta National Wildlife
   Refuge, and Western Arctic National Parklands. Many individuals helped
   with field efforts, including T. Arensberg, J. Ball, J. Beagley, N.
   Chelgren, P. Cotter, A. Gorrill, J. Kiesau, P. Lemons, D. Mather, D.
   Miller, S. Pavey, J. Reed, C. VanHemert, E. Wald, and M. Weiss. J.
   Pelayo compiled data sets for analysis.
NR 65
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
EI 1873-6424
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD AUG-SEP
PY 2009
VL 157
IS 8-9
BP 2386
EP 2393
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.020
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 465LM
UT WOS:000267586200026
PM 19371988
ER

PT J
AU Bohlke, JK
   Hatzinger, PB
   Sturchio, NC
   Gu, BH
   Abbene, I
   Mroczkowski, SJ
AF Bohlke, John Karl
   Hatzinger, Paul B.
   Sturchio, Neil C.
   Gu, Baohua
   Abbene, Irene
   Mroczkowski, Stanley J.
TI Atacama Perchlorate as an Agricultural Contaminant in Groundwater:
   Isotopic and Chronologic Evidence from Long Island, New York
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; SANDY AQUIFER; HIGH-PLAINS;
   NEW-MEXICO; NITRATE; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; BIODEGRADATION;
   IDENTIFICATION
AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a common groundwater constituent with both synthetic and natural sources. A potentially important source of ClO4- is past agricultural application of ClO4--bearingnatural NO3- fertilizer imported from the Atacama Desert, Chile, but evidence for this has been largely circumstantial. Here we report ClO4- stable isotope data (delta(CI)-C-37, delta O-18, and Delta O-17), along with other supporting chemical and isotopic environmental tracer data, to document groundwater ClO4- contamination sources and history in parts of Long Island, New York. Sampled groundwaters were oxic and ClO4- apparently was not affected by biodegradation within the aquifers. Synthetic ClO4- was indicated by the isotopic method in groundwater near a fireworks disposal site at a former missile base, Atacama ClO4- was indicated in agricultural and urbanizing areas in groundwaters with apparent ages >20 years. In an agricultural area, ClO4- concentrations and ClO4-/NO3- ratios increased with groundwater age, possibly because of decreasing application rates of Atacama NO3- fertilizers and/or decreasing ClO4- concentrations in Atacama NO3- fertilizers in recent years. Because ClO4-/NO3- ratios of Atacama NO3- fertilizers imported in the past (similar to 2 x 10(-3) mol mol(-1)) were much higher than the ClO4-/NO3- ratio of recommended drinking-water limits (7 X 10(-5) mol mol(-1) in New York), ClO4- could exceed drinking-water limits even where NO3- does not, and where Atacama NO3- was only a minor source of N. Groundwater ClO4- with distinctive isotopic composition was a sensitive indicator of past Atacama NO3- fertilizer use on Long Island and may be common in other areas that received NO3- fertilizers from the late 19th century through the 20th century.
C1 [Mroczkowski, Stanley J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Hatzinger, Paul B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA.
   [Sturchio, Neil C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
   [Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA.
   [Abbene, Irene] US Geol Survey, Coram, NY 11727 USA.
EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov
RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012
OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956
FU U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology
   Certification Program [ER-0509, DE-AC05-0001122725]; USGS National
   Research Program in Water Resources; Suffolk County Department of Health
   Services,; Suffolk County Water Authority (SCWA)
FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental
   Security Technology Certification Program (ER-0509), USGS National
   Research Program in Water Resources, Suffolk County Department of Health
   Services, and Suffolk County Water Authority (SCWA). Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory was managed by UT-Battelle TIC for the U.S. Department of
   Energy under Contract DE-AC05-0001122725. Stephen Terracciano (USGS) and
   members of the SCWA contributed to planning and execution of the
   project. Andrew Jackson (Texas Tech University) provided low-level
   perchlorate concentration data. Linnea Heraty (University of Illinois at
   Chicago) measured Cl isotope ratios. Helpful reviews were provided by
   Andrew Jackson, Peter McMahon (USGS), and three anonymous reviewers. Use
   of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive
   purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government.
NR 47
TC 29
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 15
BP 5619
EP 5625
DI 10.1021/es9006433
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 476XR
UT WOS:000268480600014
PM 19731653
ER

PT J
AU Griffith, DR
   Barnes, RT
   Raymond, PA
AF Griffith, David R.
   Barnes, Rebecca T.
   Raymond, Peter A.
TI Inputs of Fossil Carbon from Wastewater Treatment Plants to US Rivers
   and Oceans.
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; C-14 DATA; FOOD WEB; FATE; ESTUARINE; MARINE;
   DOC; SEDIMENTS; ECOSYSTEM; ISOTOPES
AB Every day more than 500 million cubic meters of treated wastewater are discharged into rivers, estuaries, and oceans, an amount slightly less than the average flow of the Danube River. Typically, wastewaters have high organic carbon [OC) concentrations and represent a large fraction of total river flow and a higher fraction of river OC in densely populated watersheds. Here, we report the first direct measurements of radiocarbon ((14)C) in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. The radiocarbon ages of particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOC) in effluent are old and relatively uniform across a range of WWTPs in New York and Connecticut. Wastewater DOC has a mean radiocarbon age of 1630 +/- 500 years B.P. and a mean delta(13)C of -26.0 +/- 1 parts per thousand. Mass balance calculations indicate that 25% of wastewater DOC is fossil carbon, which is likely derived from petroleum-based household products such as detergents and pharmaceuticals. These findings warrant reevaluation of the "apparent age" of riverine DOC, the total flux of petroleum carbon to U.S. oceans, and OC source assignments in waters impacted by sewage.
C1 [Griffith, David R.; Barnes, Rebecca T.; Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
   [Griffith, David R.] MIT WHOI Joint Program Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Barnes, Rebecca T.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Griffith, DR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
EM griffdr@mit.edu
RI Barnes, Rebecca/A-2659-2011; Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009
OI Barnes, Rebecca/0000-0001-6385-1062; Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0403962, OCE-0526075]; Hudson
   River Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program
   [FP-91637501-2]
FX We thank Kari Mull, Timothy Eglinton, and Ann McNichol for their
   generosity and expertise, as well as tile staff of the National Ocean
   Sciences AMS facility in Woods Hole, the NSF-Arizona AMS Laboratory, and
   the Yale Center for Stable Isotopic Studies. This work was supported by
   the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-0403962 and OCE-0526075), the
   Hudson River Foundation (Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship), and the U.S.
   Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program (FP-91637501-2).
NR 51
TC 54
Z9 56
U1 2
U2 44
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 15
BP 5647
EP 5651
DI 10.1021/es9004043
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 476XR
UT WOS:000268480600018
PM 19731657
ER

PT J
AU Mahler, BJ
   Van Metre, PC
   Wilson, JT
   Musgrove, M
   Zaugg, SD
   Burkhardt, MR
AF Mahler, Barbara J.
   Van Metre, Peter C.
   Wilson, Jennifer T.
   Musgrove, Marylynn
   Zaugg, Steven D.
   Burkhardt, Mark R.
TI Fipronil and its Degradates in Indoor and Outdoor Dust
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HOUSE-DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; FIELD; PESTICIDES; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY;
   CHILDREN; HAZARDS
AB Fipronil is a potent insecticide used for control of termites, fleas, roaches, ants, and other posts. We measured fipronil, fipronil sulfide, and desulfinyl fipronil concentrations in indoor and outdoor dust from 24 residences in Austin, Texas. At least one of these three fipronil compounds was detected in every sample. Fipronil accounted for most of the total fipronil (T-fipronil; fipronil + desulfinylfipronil + fipronil sulfide), followed by desulfinyl fipronil and fipronil sulfide, Nineteen of 24 samples of indoor dust had T-fipronil concentrations less than 270 mu g/kg; the remaining five had concentrations from 1320 to 14,200 mu g/kg. All three of the residences with a dog on which a flea-control product containing fipronil was used were among the five residences with elevated fipronil concentrations. In outdoor dust all concentrations of T-fipronil were less than 70 mu g/kg with one exception (430 mu g/kg). For every residence, the concentration of T-fipronil in indoor dust exceeded that in outdoor dust and the median concentration of T-fipronil was 15 times higher indoors than outdoors.
C1 [Mahler, Barbara J.; Van Metre, Peter C.; Wilson, Jennifer T.; Musgrove, Marylynn] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA.
   [Zaugg, Steven D.; Burkhardt, Mark R.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80403 USA.
RP Mahler, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA.
EM bjmahler@usgs.gov
OI musgrove, marylynn/0000-0003-1607-3864; Wilson,
   Jennifer/0000-0003-4481-6354; Mahler, Barbara/0000-0002-9150-9552; Van
   Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814
NR 26
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 15
BP 5665
EP 5670
DI 10.1021/es901292a
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 476XR
UT WOS:000268480600021
PM 19731660
ER

PT J
AU Miles, AK
   Ricca, MA
   Anthony, RG
   Estes, JA
AF Miles, A. Keith
   Ricca, Mark A.
   Anthony, Robert G.
   Estes, James A.
TI ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS IN FISHES FROM COASTAL WATERS WEST OF AMUKTA
   PASS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fishes; Organochlorines; Polychlorinated biphenyls congeners;
   Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; Stable isotopes
ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; BALD EAGLES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; BERING SEA;
   ARCHIPELAGO; RESIDUES; SEABIRDS; NITROGEN; CARBON; GULF
AB Organochlorines were examined in liver and stable isotopes in muscle of fishes from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, in relation to islands or locations affected by military occupation. Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and rock greenling (Hexagrammos lagocephalus) were collected from nearshore waters at contemporary (decommissioned) and historical (World War II) military locations, as well as at reference locations. Total (Sigma) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) dominated the suite of organochlorine groups (Sigma DDTs, Sigma chlordane cyclodienes, Sigma other cyclodienes, and Sigma chlorinated benzenes and cyclohexanes) detected in fishes at all locations, followed by Sigma DDTs and Sigma chlordanes; dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'DDE) composed 52 to 66% of Sigma DDTs by species. Organochlorine concentrations were higher or similar in cod compared to halibut and lowest in greenling; they were among the highest for fishes in Arctic or near Arctic waters. Organochlorine group concentrations varied among species and locations, but Sigma PCB concentrations in all species were consistently higher at military locations than at reference locations. Moreover, all organochlorine group concentrations were higher in halibut from military locations than those from reference locations. A wide range of molecular weight organochlorines was detected at all locations, which implied regional or long-range transport and deposition, as well as local point-source contamination. Furthermore, a preponderance of higher-chlorinated PCB congeners in fishes from contemporary military islands implied recent exposure. Concentrations in all organochlorine groups increased with delta(15)N enrichment in fishes, and analyses of residual variation provided further evidence of different sources of Sigma PCBs and p,p'DDE among species and locations.
C1 [Miles, A. Keith; Ricca, Mark A.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Miles, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM keith_miles@usgs.gov
FU John Muir Institute for the Environment, University of California, Davis
FX Sincere thanks to those that assisted with logistics, sampling, and
   sample preparation, including University of California, Santa Cruz: E.
   Danner, M. Edwards, M. Kenner, B. Konar, S. Reisewitz, J. Watson, T.
   Tinker, and J. Tinker; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Alaska
   Maritime National Wildlife Refuge: D. Boone, J. Williams, V. Byrd, and
   K. Bell (posthumous); U. S. Geological Survey: J. Bodkin, G. Esslinger,
   B. Hatfield, A. Meckstroth, S. Reese, and S. Spring; University of Utah:
   W. Jarman; and volunteers G. Silovsky, C. Meslow, and E. Forsman. Thanks
   to A. Meckstroth, M. Sakai, S. Spring, and J. Yee for helpful comments
   on the manuscript. The present study was supported with funding from the
   USFWS Ecological Services Office: A. Rappaporte and S. Devries; and the
   U. S. Navy: M. Murphy. Thanks to the John Muir Institute for the
   Environment, University of California, Davis, for on-campus support.
   Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S.
   government.
NR 38
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 8
BP 1643
EP 1654
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 470WX
UT WOS:000268014200010
PM 19374473
ER

PT J
AU Sparling, DW
   Fellers, GM
AF Sparling, Donald W.
   Fellers, Gary M.
TI TOXICITY OF TWO INSECTICIDES TO CALIFORNIA, USA, ANURANS AND ITS
   RELEVANCE TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Endosulfan; Chlorpyrifos; Amphibian population declines; Rana boylii;
   Pseudacris regilla
ID CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; NEVADA MOUNTAIN-RANGE; SIERRA-NEVADA; ORGANIC
   CONTAMINANTS; TADPOLES; FROG; CHLORPYRIFOS; ENDOSULFAN; DISAPPEARANCE;
   MALATHION
AB Contaminants have been associated with population declines of several amphibian species in California ( USA). Pesticides from the Central Valley of California are transported by winds into the Sierra Nevada Mountains and precipitate into wet meadows where amphibians breed. The present study examined the chronic toxicity of two of the insecticides most commonly used in the Central Valley and found in the mountains, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan, to larval Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) and foothill yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) and discusses the implications of this toxicity to declining amphibian populations. Larvae were exposed to the pesticides from Gosner stages 25 to 26 through metamorphosis. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) for chlorpyrifos was 365 mu g/L in P. regilla and 66.5 mu g/L for R. boylii. Time to metamorphosis increased with concentration of chlorpyrifos in both species, and cholinesterase activity declined with exposure concentration in metamorphs of both species at Gosner stages 42 to 46. For endosulfan, the estimated LC50 was 15.6 mu g/L for P. regilla and 0.55 mu g/L for R. boylii. All R. boylii exposed to concentrations of greater than 0.8 mu g/L died before they entered metamorphosis. Pseudacris regilla remains relatively abundant and is broadly distributed throughout California. In contrast, R. boylii is among the species experiencing severe population declines. The present study adds to the increasing evidence that pesticides are very harmful to amphibians living in areas that are miles from sources of pesticide application.
C1 [Sparling, Donald W.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
   [Fellers, Gary M.] Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Pt Reyes, CA 94956 USA.
RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
EM dsparl@siu.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX Hui-lin Ju for their assistance in the field, laboratory, and in
   chemical analyses. Julie Lee and Thomas Suchanek provided excellent
   comments on an earlier draft. Funding for the project was provided by
   the U.S. Geological Survey.
NR 40
TC 63
Z9 65
U1 2
U2 31
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 8
BP 1696
EP 1703
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 470WX
UT WOS:000268014200016
PM 19290680
ER

PT J
AU Murie, DJ
   Parkyn, DC
   Nico, LG
   Herod, JJ
   Loftus, WF
AF Murie, D. J.
   Parkyn, D. C.
   Nico, L. G.
   Herod, J. J.
   Loftus, W. F.
TI Age, differential growth and mortality rates in unexploited populations
   of Florida gar, an apex predator in the Florida Everglades
SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE age validation; branchiostegal ray; Lepisosteus platyrhincus; sexual
   dimorphism
ID LEPISOSTEUS-OCULATUS; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; WHITE GRUNT; SPOTTED GAR;
   VARIABILITY; DEMOGRAPHY; LOUISIANA; COAST; FISH
AB P>Florida gar, Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay, were sampled in two canal systems in south Florida during 2000-2001 to estimate age, growth and mortality as part of the Everglades ecosystem-restoration effort. Tamiami (C-4) and L-31W canal systems had direct connections to natural wetlands of the Everglades and harboured large Florida gar populations. Of 476 fish aged, maximum ages were 19 and 10 years for females and males, respectively. Maximum sizes were also larger for females compared with males (817 vs 602 mm total length). Overall, female Florida gar from both Tamiami and L-31W were larger at age than males from L-31W that, in turn, were larger at any given age than males from Tamiami. Females also had lower rates of annual mortality (Z = 0.21) than males from L-31W (Z = 0.31) or males from Tamiami (Z = 0.54). As a large and long-lived apex predator in the Everglades, Florida gar may structure lower trophic levels. Regional- and sex-specific population parameters for Florida gar will contribute to the simulation models designed to evaluate Everglades restoration alternatives.
C1 [Murie, D. J.; Parkyn, D. C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
   [Nico, L. G.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA.
   [Herod, J. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Invas Species Program, Honolulu, HI USA.
   [Loftus, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk Field Stn, Homestead, FL USA.
RP Murie, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Food & Agr Sci, 7922 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
EM dmurie@ufl.edu
FU US Geological Survey's South Florida; University of Florida
FX Many individuals provided assistance with this project. We are
   especially grateful to G. R. Best, M. Brown, C. Diel, D. Elswick, P.
   George, G. Hill, H. Jelks, E. Leonard, R. Lewis, M. Perry and A. Torres.
   Others helping with field work included L. Albert, F. Aranzamendi, A.
   Benson, J. Curnutt, D. Doroshef, K. Fitzpatrick, N. Flavin, T. L.
   Fullbright, P. Fuller, G. Hogue, S. Howarter, J. Kline, A. Martin, M.
   Raley, E. Rolla, W. Starnes, R. Taylor, J. Williams and S. Vincent. S.
   Bostick assisted in formatting the manuscript. Funding and
   administration for this study was provided by G. Ronnie Best through the
   US Geological Survey's South Florida Place-based Science Program, the US
   Geological Survey-Florida Integrated Science Center and the Department
   of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, IFAS, University of Florida. Any use
   of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and
   does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 41
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0969-997X
J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL
JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 16
IS 4
BP 315
EP 322
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00678.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 469FR
UT WOS:000267881800007
ER

PT J
AU Sanderson, TB
   Hubert, WA
AF Sanderson, T. B.
   Hubert, W. A.
TI Movements by adult cutthroat trout in a lotic system: implications for
   watershed-scale management
SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE barriers; fragmentation; habitat; migration; movements; telemetry
ID SUMMER STREAM TEMPERATURES; SNAKE RIVER; HABITAT USE; SPAWNING ECOLOGY;
   SPRING STREAMS; TRANSMITTERS; HYPOTHESIS; MONTANA; ICE
AB P>Movements by adult cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson), were assessed from autumn to summer in the Salt River watershed, Wyoming-Idaho, USA by radio telemetry. Adult cutthroat trout were captured during September and October 2005 in the main stem of the Salt River, surgically implanted with radio transmitters, and tracked through to August 2006. Adult cutthroat trout were relatively sedentary and resided primarily in pools from October to March, but their movement rates increased during April. Higher movement rates were observed among tagged fish during May and early June. Among 43 fish residing in the Salt River during April 2006, 44% remained in the river, 37% moved into mountain tributaries and 19% moved into spring streams during the spawning season. Fish did not use segments of mountain tributaries or the upstream Salt River where fish passage was blocked by anthropogenic barriers or the channel was dewatered during summer. Almost all the fish that moved into spring streams used spring streams where pools and gravel-cobble riffles had been constructed by landowners. The results suggest that adult Snake River cutthroat move widely during May and early June to use spawning habitat in mountain tributaries and improved spring streams. Maintaining the ability of adult fish to move into mountain streams with spawning habitat, preserving spawning habitat in accessible mountain tributaries and removing barriers to upstream movements, and re-establishing summer stream flows in mountain tributaries affected by dams appear to be habitat management alternatives to preserve the Snake River cutthroat trout fishery in the Salt River.
C1 [Hubert, W. A.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, US Geol Survey, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
EM whubert@uwyo.edu
FU State Wildlife Grants programme
FX We thank K. Gelwicks, R. Gipson, D. Rhea, L. Sweeney, T. Stephens and R.
   Whaley with the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for their help in
   planning the project and conducting the field work; C. Frome for his
   hard work and reliability during the summer field work; and A. Larson
   and L. Ohler for their administrative assistance. The research was
   funded by the State Wildlife Grants programme through the Wyoming Game
   and Fish Department. Any use of trade, product or firm names was for
   descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
   Government.
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0969-997X
EI 1365-2400
J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL
JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 16
IS 4
BP 329
EP 336
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00669.x
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 469FR
UT WOS:000267881800009
ER

PT J
AU Stapanian, MA
   Kocovsky, PM
   Adams, JV
AF Stapanian, Martin A.
   Kocovsky, Patrick M.
   Adams, Jean V.
TI Change in diel catchability of young-of-year yellow perch associated
   with establishment of dreissenid mussels
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Akaike's Information Criterion; diel catchability; Dreissena spp.; Lake
   Erie; yellow perch Perca flavescens
ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; ZEBRA MUSSEL; GREAT-LAKES; ONEIDA LAKE; POLYMORPHA
   PALLAS; PREDATORY FISH; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER-QUALITY; NEW-YORK; IMPACTS
AB 1. Non-native mussels have increased water clarity in many lakes and streams in North America and Europe. Diel variation in catchability of some fish species has been linked to visibility during survey trawls (used to measure escapement).
   2. Water clarity increased in nearshore areas of western Lake Erie by the early 1990s, following passage of legislation in 1972 to improve water quality (e. g. reduce phosphorus loading) and the invasion of dreissenid mussels (Dreissena spp.) beginning in 1987.
   3. We hypothesised that increased water clarity in Lake Erie resulted in decreased catchability of young-of-year (age-0) yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) during daylight compared to during night. We used a two-tiered modelling approach to test this hypothesis on the ratio (R) of catch per hour (CPH) during night to CPH during daylight in bottom trawl surveys conducted during 1961-2005.
   4. First, we examined seven a priori models. The first model, the 'null' model, represented no change in R over time. Three more models tested whether the timing of the change in R was associated with passage of water quality legislation only, dreissenids only (two-period models) and both legislation and dreissenids (three-periodmodels). Three additional models included a 3-year lag before the effects of legislation, dreissenids or both occurred. Secondly, all possible two- and three-period models with a minimum of 2 years per time period were explored a posteriori. The a posteriori procedure determined the temporal transitions to higher R that were best supported by the data, without regard to a priori hypotheses.
   5. Night CPH was greater than daylight CPH in 3 of 11 years during 1961-72, in 10 of 15 years during 1973-87, and in 14 of 18 years during 1988-2005. During 1991-2005 night CPH exceeded daylight CPH in all years except one, and night CPH was more than twice daylight CPH in 10 years during this period.
   6. The best a priori model had two periods, with a break between 1990 and 1991, corresponding to 3 years after the dreissenid invasion. Similarly, the best two- and three-period a posteriori models both had breaks between 1990 and 1991. The results supported our hypothesis that age-0 yellow perch exhibited a transition to lower catchability during daylight compared to night, and the timing of the transition coincided with the establishment of dreissenid mussels.
   7. The most plausible mechanism for our results was increased visibility of the trawl during daylight, resulting in increased avoidance of the trawl. These results have potential applications wherever non-native mussels have increased water clarity.
C1 [Stapanian, Martin A.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
   [Adams, Jean V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA.
EM mstapanian@usgs.gov
OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273
NR 61
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0046-5070
EI 1365-2427
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 54
IS 8
BP 1593
EP 1604
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02186.x
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 468PK
UT WOS:000267831300001
ER

PT J
AU Henebry, GM
   Richardson, AD
   Breshears, DD
   Abatzoglou, J
   Fisher, JI
   Graham, EA
   Hanes, JM
   Knapp, A
   Liang, L
   Wilson, BE
   Morisette, JT
AF Henebry, G. M.
   Richardson, A. D.
   Breshears, D. D.
   Abatzoglou, J.
   Fisher, J. I.
   Graham, E. A.
   Hanes, J. M.
   Knapp, A.
   Liang, L.
   Wilson, B. E.
   Morisette, J. T.
TI Phenological trend estimation: a reply to Sagarin
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Henebry, G. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
   [Richardson, A. D.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Breshears, D. D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
   [Abatzoglou, J.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
   [Fisher, J. I.] Synapse Energy Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA.
   [Graham, E. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Hanes, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
   [Knapp, A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Liang, L.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA.
   [Wilson, B. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Morisette, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Henebry, GM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
EM Geoffrey.Henebry@sdstate.edu
RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Abatzoglou, John/C-7635-2012; Breshears,
   David/B-9318-2009; 
OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Abatzoglou,
   John/0000-0001-7599-9750; Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; Graham,
   Eric/0000-0002-7495-4056; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 10
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1540-9295
J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON
JI Front. Ecol. Environ.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 7
IS 6
BP 296
EP 296
DI 10.1890/09.WB.021
PG 1
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 480WF
UT WOS:000268767000016
ER

PT J
AU Wittkop, CA
   Teranes, JL
   Dean, WE
   Guilderson, TP
AF Wittkop, Chad A.
   Teranes, Jane L.
   Dean, Walter E.
   Guilderson, Thomas P.
TI A lacustrine carbonate record of Holocene seasonality and climate
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LAKE-SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; MICHIGAN; VARIABILITY; INSOLATION;
   SYSTEM; CYCLE; EVENT; LEVEL; USA
AB Annually laminated (varved) Holocene sediments from Derby Lake, Michigan, display variations in endogenic calcite abundance reflecting a long-term (millennial-scale) decrease in burial punctuated with frequent short-term (decadal-scale) oscillations due to carbonate dissolution. Since 6000 cal yr B. P., sediment carbonate abundance has followed a decreasing trend while organic-carbon abundance has increased. The correlation between organic-carbon abundance and the sum of March-April-October-November insolation has an r(2) value of 0.58. We interpret these trends to represent a precession-driven lengthening of the Holocene growing season that has reduced calcite burial by enhancing net annual organic-matter production and associated calcite dissolution. Correlations with regional paleoclimate records suggest that changes in temperature and moisture balance have impacted the distribution of short-term oscillations in carbonate and organic-matter abundance superimposed on the precession-driven trends.
C1 [Wittkop, Chad A.] Minnesota State Univ, Dept Chem & Geol, Mankato, MN 56001 USA.
   [Teranes, Jane L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Geol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Wittkop, CA (reprint author), Minnesota State Univ, Dept Chem & Geol, Mankato, MN 56001 USA.
EM chad.wittkop@mnsu.edu
FU National Science Foundation-Division of Atmospheric Sciences [NSF-ATM
   9980380]; U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation-Division of
   Atmospheric Sciences grant NSF-ATM 9980380 (to Kerry Kelts), and by the
   U.S. Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program (Dean).
   Discussions with Thomas C. Johnson and H. E. Wright Jr. shaped key
   portions of this work. We thank David Chapman, Lesleigh Anderson, Randy
   Schumann, and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved the
   manuscript significantly.
NR 37
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 13
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 37
IS 8
BP 695
EP 698
DI 10.1130/G30056A.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 477DR
UT WOS:000268498600006
ER

PT J
AU Swayze, GA
   Kokaly, RF
   Higgins, CT
   Clinkenbeard, JP
   Clark, RN
   Lowers, HA
   Sutley, SJ
AF Swayze, G. A.
   Kokaly, R. F.
   Higgins, C. T.
   Clinkenbeard, J. P.
   Clark, R. N.
   Lowers, H. A.
   Sutley, S. J.
TI Mapping potentially asbestos-bearing rocks using imaging spectroscopy
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIFORNIA
AB Rock and soil that may contain naturally occurring asbestos (NOA), a known human carcinogen, were mapped in the Sierra Nevada, California, using the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to determine if these materials could be uniquely identified with spectroscopy. Such information can be used to prepare or refine maps of areas that may contain minerals that can be asbestiform, such as serpentine and tremolite-actinolite, which were the focus of this study. Although thick vegetation can conceal underlying rock and soil, use of linear-mixture spectra calculated from spectra of dry grass and serpentine allowed detection of serpentine in some parts of the study area with up to similar to 80% dry-grass cover. Chaparral vegetation, which was dominantly, but not exclusively, found in areas underlain by serpentinized ultramafic rocks, was also mapped. Overall, field checking at 201 sites indicated highly accurate identification by AVIRIS of mineral (94%) and vegetation (89%) categories. Practical applications of AVIRIS to mapping areas that may contain NOA include locating roads that are surfaced with serpentine aggregate, identifying sites that may require enhanced dust control or other safety measures, and filling gaps in geologic mapping where field access is limited.
C1 [Swayze, G. A.; Kokaly, R. F.; Clark, R. N.; Lowers, H. A.; Sutley, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Higgins, C. T.; Clinkenbeard, J. P.] Calif Geol Survey, Calif Dept Conservat, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
RP Swayze, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RI Kokaly, Raymond/A-6817-2017
OI Kokaly, Raymond/0000-0003-0276-7101
NR 12
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 8
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 37
IS 8
BP 763
EP 766
DI 10.1130/G30114A.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 477DR
UT WOS:000268498600023
ER

PT J
AU Barall, M
AF Barall, Michael
TI A grid-doubling finite-element technique for calculating dynamic
   three-dimensional spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Earthquake dynamics; Computational seismology
ID CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WAVE-PROPAGATION; ROCK
   FRICTION; SIMULATIONS; CRACK
AB P>We present a new finite-element technique for calculating dynamic 3-D spontaneous rupture on an earthquake fault, which can reduce the required computational resources by a factor of six or more, without loss of accuracy. The grid-doubling technique employs small cells in a thin layer surrounding the fault. The remainder of the modelling volume is filled with larger cells, typically two or four times as large as the small cells. In the resulting non-conforming mesh, an interpolation method is used to join the thin layer of smaller cells to the volume of larger cells. Grid-doubling is effective because spontaneous rupture calculations typically require higher spatial resolution on and near the fault than elsewhere in the model volume. The technique can be applied to non-planar faults by morphing, or smoothly distorting, the entire mesh to produce the desired 3-D fault geometry. Using our FaultMod finite-element software, we have tested grid-doubling with both slip-weakening and rate-and-state friction laws, by running the SCEC/USGS 3-D dynamic rupture benchmark problems. We have also applied it to a model of the Hayward fault, Northern California, which uses realistic fault geometry and rock properties. FaultMod implements fault slip using common nodes, which represent motion common to both sides of the fault, and differential nodes, which represent motion of one side of the fault relative to the other side. We describe how to modify the traction-at-split-nodes method to work with common and differential nodes, using an implicit time stepping algorithm.
C1 [Barall, Michael] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Barall, Michael] Invisible Software Inc, San Jose, CA USA.
RP Barall, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mbinv@invisiblesoft.com
FU U.S. Geological Survey; Earthquake Hazards Program
FX Development of FaultMod is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey,
   Earthquake Hazards Program. Some of the computation is supported by the
   Southern California Earthquake Center and by the University of Southern
   California Center for High-Performance Computing and Communications. The
   author thanks Ruth Harris and Joe Andrews for many helpful discussions
   and suggestions. And also thanks Joe Andrews, Robert Simpson, and an
   anonymous reviewer for reviewing the manuscript.
NR 33
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0956-540X
EI 1365-246X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 178
IS 2
BP 845
EP 859
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04190.x
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 471JN
UT WOS:000268053700018
ER

PT J
AU Walls, SC
AF Walls, Susan C.
TI The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian
   salamanders
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Appalachian Mountains; climate; distribution; elevation shifts; hybrid
   zone; Plethodon shermani; Plethodon teyahalee; precipitation;
   salamanders; temperature
ID BLUE-RIDGE MOUNTAINS; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; FOREST
   ROADS; GENE FLOW; PLETHODON; TERRESTRIAL; POPULATION; EXTINCTION;
   DISEASE
AB I examined the potential influence of climate change on the dynamics of a previously studied hybrid zone between a pair of terrestrial salamanders at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, in the Nantahala Mountains of North Carolina, USA. A 16-year study led by Nelson G. Hairston, Sr. revealed that Plethodon teyahalee and Plethodon shermani hybridized at intermediate elevations, forming a cline between 'pure' parental P. teyahalee at lower elevations and 'pure' parental P. shermani at higher elevations. From 1974 to 1990 the proportion of salamanders at the higher elevation scored as 'pure' P. shermani declined significantly, indicating that the hybrid zone was spreading upward. To date there have been no rigorous tests of hypotheses for the movement of this hybrid zone. Using temperature and precipitation data from Coweeta, I re-analyzed Hairston's data to examine whether the observed elevational shift was correlated with variation in either air temperature or precipitation from the same time period. For temperature, my analysis tracked the results of the original study: the proportion of 'pure' P. shermani at the higher elevation declined significantly with increasing mean annual temperature, whereas the proportion of 'pure' P. teyahalee at lower elevations did not. There was no discernable relationship between proportions of 'pure' individuals of either species with variation in precipitation. From 1974 to 1990, low-elevation air temperatures at the Coweeta Laboratory ranged from annual means of 11.8 to 14.2 degrees C, compared with a 55-year average (1936-1990) of 12.6 degrees C. My re-analyses indicate that the upward spread of the hybrid zone is correlated with increasing air temperatures, but not precipitation, and provide an empirical test of a hypothesis for one factor that may have influenced this movement. My results aid in understanding the potential impact that climate change may have on the ecology and evolution of terrestrial salamanders in montane regions.
C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Walls, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
EM susan_walls@usgs.gov
OI Walls, Susan/0000-0001-7391-9155
FU US National Science Foundation [DEB-9632854]; US Geological Survey's
   Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative
FX Climate data were collected by the US Forest Service, Coweeta Hydrologic
   Laboratory, supported by the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research grant
   (DEB-9632854) from the US National Science Foundation. I thank personnel
   at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory for permission to use their data. I
   thank Blackwell Publishing and R.H. Wiley for permission to use and
   modify material from the original Hairston et al.. (1992) publication.
   This research was funded by the US Geological Survey's Amphibian
   Research and Monitoring Initiative. I thank W.J. Barichivich, P.S. Corn,
   C.K. Dodd, Jr., M. Griffey, E.B. Harper, R.G. Jaeger, K. Langdon, J.J.
   Lawler, J.C. Mitchell, D.H. Olson and J.H.K. Pechmann for insightful
   discussions and suggestions. I respectfully acknowledge the pioneering
   research of Nelson G. Hairston, Sr. (1917-2008) and his contributions to
   knowledge about the ecology and evolution of salamanders in the southern
   Appalachian Mountains. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
   descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
   Government.
NR 55
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 6
U2 34
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 15
IS 8
BP 1903
EP 1910
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01867.x
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 466XL
UT WOS:000267698400005
ER

PT J
AU Kirwan, ML
   Guntenspergen, GR
   Morris, JT
AF Kirwan, Matthew L.
   Guntenspergen, Glenn R.
   Morris, James T.
TI Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the
   response of coastal marshes to global change
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE biomass; climate; sea level; temperature; warming; wetland
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GEORGIA SALT-MARSH; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TIDAL MARSH; CO2;
   GROWTH; BAY; TEMPERATURES; CORDGRASS; ELEVATION
AB Marshes worldwide are actively degrading in response to increased sea level rise rates and reduced sediment delivery, though the growth rate of vegetation plays a critical role in determining their stability. We have compiled 56 measurements of aboveground annual productivity for Spartina alterniflora, the dominant macrophyte in North American coastal wetlands. Our compilation indicates a significant latitudinal gradient in productivity, which we interpret to be determined primarily by temperature and/or the length of growing season. Simple linear regression yields a 27 g m(-2) yr(-1) increase in productivity with an increase of mean annual temperature by 1 degrees C. If temperatures warm 2-4 degrees C over the next century, then marsh productivity may increase by 10-40%, though physiological research suggests that increases in the north could potentially be offset by some decreases in the south. This increase in productivity is roughly equivalent to estimates of marsh lost due to future sea level change. If a warming-induced stimulation of vegetation growth will enhance vertical accretion and limit erosion, then the combined effects of global change may be to increase the total productivity and ecosystem services of tidal wetlands, at least in northern latitudes.
C1 [Kirwan, Matthew L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
   [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA.
   [Morris, James T.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Kirwan, ML (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM mkirwan@usgs.gov
RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011
FU USGS Global Change Research Program; National Science Foundation [OCE
   0423565, DEB 0316429]
FX We appreciate the helpful reviews of Johan van de Koppel and an
   anonymous reviewer. This work was supported by the USGS Global Change
   Research Program and the National Science Foundation (OCE 0423565 and
   DEB 0316429).
NR 49
TC 65
Z9 66
U1 11
U2 90
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 15
IS 8
BP 1982
EP 1989
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01834.x
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 466XL
UT WOS:000267698400010
ER

PT J
AU Stiles, BW
   Hensley, S
   Gim, Y
   Bates, DM
   Kirk, RL
   Hayes, A
   Radebaugh, J
   Lorenz, RD
   Mitchell, KL
   Callahan, PS
   Zebker, H
   Johnson, WTK
   Wall, SD
   Lunine, JI
   Wood, CA
   Janssen, M
   Pelletier, F
   West, RD
   Veeramacheneni, C
AF Stiles, Bryan W.
   Hensley, Scott
   Gim, Yonggyu
   Bates, David M.
   Kirk, Randolph L.
   Hayes, Alex
   Radebaugh, Jani
   Lorenz, Ralph D.
   Mitchell, Karl L.
   Callahan, Philip S.
   Zebker, Howard
   Johnson, William T. K.
   Wall, Stephen D.
   Lunine, Jonathan I.
   Wood, Charles A.
   Janssen, Michael
   Pelletier, Frederic
   West, Richard D.
   Veeramacheneni, Chandini
CA Cassini RADAR Team
TI Determining Titan surface topography from Cassini SAR data
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Titan; Radar observations
ID RADAR
AB A technique, referred to as SARTopo, has been developed for obtaining surface height estimates with 10 km horizontal resolution and 75 m vertical resolution of the surface of Titan along each Cassini Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) swath. We describe the technique and present maps of the co-located data sets. A global map and regional maps of Xanadu and the northern hemisphere hydrocarbon lakes district are included in the results. A strength of the technique is that it provides topographic information co-located with SAR imagery. Having a topographic context vastly improves the interpretability of the SAR imagery and is essential for understanding Titan.
   SARTopo is capable of estimating surface heights for most of the SAR-imaged surface of Titan. Currently nearly 30% of the surface is within 100 km of a SARTopo height profile. Other competing techniques provide orders of magnitude less coverage.
   We validate the SARTopo technique through comparison with known geomorphological features such as mountain ranges and craters, and by comparison with co-located nadir altimetry, including a 3000 km strip that had been observed by SAR a month earlier. In this area, the SARTopo and nadir altimetry data sets are co-located tightly (within 5-10 km for one 500 km section), have similar resolution, and as expected agree closely in surface height. Furthermore the region contains prominent high spatial resolution topography, so it provides an excellent test of the resolution and precision of both techniques. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stiles, Bryan W.; Hensley, Scott; Gim, Yonggyu; Bates, David M.; Mitchell, Karl L.; Callahan, Philip S.; Johnson, William T. K.; Wall, Stephen D.; Janssen, Michael; Pelletier, Frederic; West, Richard D.; Veeramacheneni, Chandini] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
   [Hayes, Alex] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Radebaugh, Jani] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
   [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
   [Zebker, Howard] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Zebker, Howard] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Lunine, Jonathan I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Wood, Charles A.] Wheeling Jesuit Univ, Ctr Educ Technol, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA.
RP Stiles, BW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Bryan.W.Stiles@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Hayes, Alexander/P-2024-2014; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016
OI Hayes, Alexander/0000-0001-6397-2630; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644
NR 14
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 202
IS 2
BP 584
EP 598
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.032
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 474GW
UT WOS:000268271600017
ER

PT J
AU Wang, YJ
   Lyapustin, AI
   Privette, JL
   Morisette, JT
   Holben, B
AF Wang, Yujie
   Lyapustin, Alexei I.
   Privette, Jeffery L.
   Morisette, Jeffery T.
   Holben, Brent
TI Atmospheric Correction at AERONET Locations: A New Science and
   Validation Data Set
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerosols; remote sensing
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER PROBLEM; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SKY RADIANCE
   MEASUREMENTS; NON-LAMBERTIAN SURFACE; GREENS-FUNCTION METHOD; MODIS-LAI
   PRODUCT; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; ALBEDO; REFLECTANCE; RETRIEVAL
AB This paper describes an Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)-based Surface Reflectance Validation Network (ASRVN) and its data set of spectral surface bidirectional reflectance and albedo based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) TERRA and AQUA data. The ASRVN is an operational data collection and processing system. It receives 50 x 50 km(2) subsets of MODIS level 1B (L1B) data from MODIS adaptive processing system and AERONET aerosol and water-vapor information. Then, it performs an atmospheric correction (AC) for about 100 AERONET sites based on accurate radiative-transfer theory with complex quality control of the input data. The ASRVN processing software consists of an L1B data gridding algorithm, a new cloud-mask (CM) algorithm based on a time-series analysis, and an AC algorithm using ancillary AERONET aerosol and water-vapor data. The AC is achieved by fitting the MODIS top-of-atmosphere measurements, accumulated for a 16-day interval, with theoretical reflectance parameterized in terms of the coefficients of the Li Sparse-Ross Thick (LSRT) model of the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF). The ASRVN takes several steps to ensure high quality of results: 1) the filtering of opaque clouds by a CM algorithm; 2) the development of an aerosol filter to filter residual semitransparent and subpixel clouds, as well as cases with high inhomogeneity of aerosols in the processing area; 3) imposing the requirement of the consistency of the new solution with previously retrieved BRF and albedo; 4) rapid adjustment of the 16-day retrieval to the surface changes using the last day of measurements; and 5) development of a seasonal backup spectral BRF database to increase data coverage. The ASRVN provides a gapless or near-gapless coverage for the processing area. The gaps, caused by clouds, are filled most naturally with the latest solution for a given pixel. The ASRVN products include three parameters of the LSRT model (k(L), k(G), and k(V)), surface albedo, normalized BRF (computed for a standard viewing geometry, VZA = 0 degrees, SZA = 45 degrees), and instantaneous BRF (or one-angle BRF value derived from the last day of MODIS measurement for specific viewing geometry) for the MODIS 500-m bands 1-7. The results are produced daily at a resolution of 1 km in gridded format. We also provide a cloud mask, a quality flag, and a browse bitmap image. The ASRVN data set, including 6 years of MODIS TERRA and 1.5 years of MODIS AQUA data, is available now as a standard MODIS product (MODASRVN) which can be accessed through the Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System website (http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/data/search.html). It can be used for a wide range of applications including validation analysis and science research.
C1 [Wang, Yujie; Lyapustin, Alexei I.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
   [Wang, Yujie; Lyapustin, Alexei I.; Holben, Brent] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Privette, Jeffery L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Satellite & Informat Serv, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
   [Morisette, Jeffery T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RI Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014
OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Lyapustin,
   Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739
FU NASA; NPP
FX The work of A. I. Lyapustin and Y. Wang was supported by NASA EOS
   Science (Dr. D. Wickland) and NPP (Dr. J. Gleason) Grants.
NR 32
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 47
IS 8
BP 2450
EP 2466
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2016334
PN 1
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
   Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
   & Photographic Technology
GA 472XM
UT WOS:000268166500005
ER

PT J
AU Kolker, A
   Panov, BS
   Panov, YB
   Landa, ER
   Conko, KM
   Korchemagin, VA
   Shendrik, T
   McCord, JD
AF Kolker, Allan
   Panov, Boris S.
   Panov, Yuri B.
   Landa, Edward R.
   Conko, Kathryn M.
   Korchemagin, Viktor A.
   Shendrik, Tatiana
   McCord, Jamey D.
TI Mercury and trace element contents of Donbas coals and associated mine
   water in the vicinity of Donetsk, Ukraine
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mercury; Coal; Ukraine; Mine water; Surface water; Trace elements
ID SEISMIC-REFLECTION; BASIN; GEOCHEMISTRY; PALEOECOLOGY; BIOMARKERS;
   EVOLUTION; FOLDBELT; CINNABAR; MODES; SEAMS
AB Mercury-rich coals in the Donets Basin (Donbas region) of Ukraine were sampled in active underground mines to assess the levels of potentially harmful elements and the potential for dispersion of metals through use of this coal. For 29 samples representing c(11) to m(3) Carboniferous coals, mercury contents range from 0.02 to 3.5 ppm (whole-coal dry basis). Mercury is well correlated with pyritic sulfur (0.01 to 3.2 wt.%), with an r(2) of 0.614 (one outlier excluded). Sulfides in these samples show enrichment of minor constituents in late-stage pyrite formed as a result of interaction of coal with hydrothermal fluids. Mine water sampled at depth and at surface collection points does not show enrichment of trace metals at harmful levels, indicating pyrite stability at subsurface conditions.
   Four samples of coal exposed in the defunct open-cast Nikitovka mercury mines in Gorlovka have extreme mercury contents of 12.8 to 25.5 ppm. This coal was formerly produced as a byproduct of extracting sandstone-hosted cinnabar ore. Access to these workings is unrestricted and small amounts of extreme mercury-rich coal are collected for domestic use, posing a limited human health hazard. More widespread hazards are posed by the abandoned Nikitovka mercury Processing plant, the extensive mercury mine tailings, and mercury enrichment of soils extending into residential areas of Gorlovka. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Kolker, Allan; Landa, Edward R.; Conko, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Panov, Boris S.; Panov, Yuri B.; Korchemagin, Viktor A.; Shendrik, Tatiana] Donetsk Natl Tech Univ, Dept Mineral Deposits & Ecol Geol, UA-83000 Donetsk, Ukraine.
   [McCord, Jamey D.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Kolker, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM akolker@usgs.gov
OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921
FU NATO Science Program [977829]; U.S. Civilian Research and Development
   Foundation [UKG1-2633-GO-04]
FX Field visits to Ukraine in 2001 and 2005 were supported by grants from
   the NATO Science Program (Collaborative Linkage Grant 977829) and the
   U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (Cooperative Grant
   UKG1-2633-GO-04), awarded jointly to Allan Kolker, USGS and Prof. Boris
   S. Panov, Donetsk National Technical University. Analytical results for
   coal samples were obtained as part of the following USGS project work -
   World Coal Quality, and Health Effects of Energy Resources. Curtis
   Palmer, Casey Soniera, Joe East, and Eric Morrissey (USGS) helped with
   aspects of manuscript preparation. We thank Prof. Vitaliy Privalov
   (Donetsk National Technical University) who helped provide information
   on mine names and locations. Initial reviews by Curtis Palmer and Sue
   Tewalt (USGS) helped improve the manuscript, as did reviews by two
   journal reviewers. We are grateful to the operators of the Glubokaya,
   Oktyabrskaya, and Artema mines for allowing us underground, and to the
   other mines for providing the sample material.
NR 35
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-5162
J9 INT J COAL GEOL
JI Int. J. Coal Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 79
IS 3
BP 83
EP 91
DI 10.1016/j.coal.2009.06.003
PG 9
WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Energy & Fuels; Geology
GA 479HG
UT WOS:000268649700003
ER

PT J
AU Zipkin, EF
   Dewan, A
   Royle, JA
AF Zipkin, Elise F.
   DeWan, Amielle
   Royle, J. Andrew
TI Impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness: a hierarchical
   approach to community modelling
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE biodiversity; fragmentation; hierarchical modelling; imperfect
   detection; occupancy modelling; species richness
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; BREEDING BIRDS;
   DIVERSITY; AREA; DETECTABILITY; HETEROGENEITY; PROBABILITIES;
   ACCUMULATION; SURROGATES
AB P> Species richness is often used as a tool for prioritizing conservation action. One method for predicting richness and other summaries of community structure is to develop species-specific models of occurrence probability based on habitat or landscape characteristics. However, this approach can be challenging for rare or elusive species for which survey data are often sparse.
   Recent developments have allowed for improved inference about community structure based on species-specific models of occurrence probability, integrated within a hierarchical modelling framework. This framework offers advantages to inference about species richness over typical approaches by accounting for both species-level effects and the aggregated effects of landscape composition on a community as a whole, thus leading to increased precision in estimates of species richness by improving occupancy estimates for all species, including those that were observed infrequently.
   We developed a hierarchical model to assess the community response of breeding birds in the Hudson River Valley, New York, to habitat fragmentation and analysed the model using a Bayesian approach.
   The model was designed to estimate species-specific occurrence and the effects of fragment area and edge (as measured through the perimeter and the perimeter/area ratio, P/A), while accounting for imperfect detection of species.
   We used the fitted model to make predictions of species richness within forest fragments of variable morphology. The model revealed that species richness of the observed bird community was maximized in small forest fragments with a high P/A. However, the number of forest interior species, a subset of the community with high conservation value, was maximized in large fragments with low P/A.
   Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the responses of both individual, and groups of species, to environmental heterogeneity while illustrating the utility of hierarchical models for inference about species richness for conservation. This framework can be used to investigate the impacts of land-use change and fragmentation on species or assemblage richness, and to further understand trade-offs in species-specific occupancy probabilities associated with landscape variability.
C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Royle, J. Andrew] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
   [DeWan, Amielle] Cornell Univ, Hudson River Estuary Program, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA.
RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM ezipkin@usgs.gov
NR 61
TC 90
Z9 92
U1 15
U2 86
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8901
EI 1365-2664
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 4
BP 815
EP 822
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01664.x
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 466ZW
UT WOS:000267706000010
ER

PT J
AU Work, TM
   Dagenais, J
   Balazs, GH
   Schumacher, J
   Lewis, TD
   Leong, JAC
   Casey, RN
   Casey, JW
AF Work, Thierry M.
   Dagenais, Julie
   Balazs, George H.
   Schumacher, Joanne
   Lewis, Teresa D.
   Leong, Jo-Ann C.
   Casey, Rufina N.
   Casey, James W.
TI In vitro biology of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus and
   host cells in Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas)
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA;
   SIMPLEX-VIRUS; CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; TISSUE-CULTURE; MAREKS-DISEASE; LYTIC
   CYCLE; REACTIVATION; REPLICATION
AB Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of green turtles has a global distribution and causes debilitating tumours of the skin and internal organs in several species of marine turtles. FP is associated with a presently non-cultivable alphaherpesvirus Chelonid fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV). Our aims were to employ quantitative PCR targeted to pol DNA of CFPHV to determine (i) if DNA sequesters by tumour size and/or cell type, (ii) whether subculturing of cells is a viable strategy for isolating CFPHV and (iii) whether CFPHV can be induced to a lytic growth cycle in vitro using chemical modulators of replication (CMRs), temperature variation or co-cultivation. Additional objectives included determining whether non-tumour and tumour cells behave differently in vitro and confirming the phenotype of cultured cells using cell-type-specific antigens. CFPHV pol DNA was preferentially concentrated in dermal fibroblasts of skin tumours and the amount of viral DNA per cell was independent of tumour size. Copy number of CFPHV pol DNA per cell rapidly decreased with cell doubling of tumour-derived fibroblasts in culture. Attempts to induce viral replication in known CFPHV-DNA-positive cells using temperature or CMR failed. No significant differences were seen in in vitro morphology or growth characteristics of fibroblasts from tumour cells and paired normal skin, nor from CFPHV pol-DNA-positive intestinal tumour cells. Tumour cells were confirmed as fibroblasts or keratinocytes by positive staining with anti-vimentin and anti-pancytokeratin antibodies, respectively. CFPHV continues to be refractory to in vitro cultivation.
C1 [Work, Thierry M.; Dagenais, Julie; Schumacher, Joanne] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
   [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Lewis, Teresa D.; Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
   [Casey, Rufina N.; Casey, James W.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA.
EM thierry_work@usgs.gov
RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015
OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090
NR 44
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 11
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG,
   BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1317
J9 J GEN VIROL
JI J. Gen. Virol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 90
BP 1943
EP 1950
DI 10.1099/vir.0.011650-0
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
GA 479YX
UT WOS:000268699400018
PM 19386781
ER

PT J
AU Innes, RJ
   Van Vuren, DH
   Kelt, DA
   Wilson, JA
   Johnson, ML
AF Innes, Robin J.
   Van Vuren, Dirk H.
   Kelt, Douglas A.
   Wilson, James A.
   Johnson, Micael L.
TI SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF DUSKY-FOOTED WOODRATS (NEOTOMA FUSCIPES)
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dusky-footed woodrat; home range; Neotoma fuscipes; Sierra Nevada;
   spatial organization
ID HOME-RANGE; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; SMALL MAMMALS; POPULATION; MOVEMENT;
   SIZE; RADIOTELEMETRY; TRIANGULATION; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE
AB We studied the spatial organization of dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) in mixed-conifer forest of the northern Sierra Nevada, California, by radiotracking 63 adult woodrats at 2 study sites during May-October 2004-2006. Estimates of home-range and core-area size differed between study sites, but they were within the range reported elsewhere; variability in home-range size was explained in part by density. Home ranges of woodrats overlapped those of multiple neighboring woodrats, both same sex and opposite sex, suggesting that foraging areas were shared. However, core areas showed little overlap between same-sex neighbors. Woodrats occupied multiple houses and frequently moved among them, and sharing of houses (either simultaneously or nonsimultaneously) with neighboring woodrats was common but occurred mostly between male-female pairs. Females typically shared their core area and houses with I male, whereas males shared core areas and houses with multiple females; further, males moved more than females. Our results suggest that dusky-footed woodrats are semi territorial, maintaining near-exclusive use of their core area and houses against same-sex conspecifics, and that the mating system likely is polygynous.
C1 [Johnson, Micael L.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Aquat Ecosyst Anal Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Innes, Robin J.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.; Kelt, Douglas A.; Wilson, James A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Innes, RJ (reprint author), Lee Metcalf Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dept Interior, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA.
EM rjinnes@yahoo.com
FU Joint Fire Sciences Program; United States Department of Agriculture,
   Forest Service
FX We thank the dedicated field crews of 2004-2006, particularly S.
   Connelly, the field crew leader during 2005-2006. We also thank S.
   Bigelow, J. Keane, P. Shaklee, and P. Stine of the United States
   Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research
   Station, Sierra Nevada Research Center, Davis, California, and G. Rotta,
   S. Cosmaker, and K. Felker of the United States Department of
   Agriculture, Forest Service, Mt. Hough Ranger District, Quincy,
   California, for providing logistical support in the field. We gratefully
   acknowledge the members of the Quincy Library Group, Quincy, California.
   This work was supported by the Joint Fire Sciences Program and the
   United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (Region 5).
NR 60
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 13
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 4
BP 811
EP 818
PG 8
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 489AL
UT WOS:000269391700004
ER

PT J
AU Laidre, KL
   Jameson, RJ
   Gurarie, E
   Jeffries, SJ
   Allen, H
AF Laidre, Kristin L.
   Jameson, Ronald J.
   Gurarie, Eliezer
   Jeffries, Steven J.
   Allen, Harriet
TI SPATIAL HABITAT USE PATTERNS OF SEA OTTERS IN COASTAL WASHINGTON
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dispersal; range expansion; sea otter; site fidelity; Washington
ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; TIME BUDGETS; FORAGING PATTERNS; CARRYING-CAPACITY;
   RANGE EXPANSION; HOME RANGE; CALIFORNIA; POPULATION; MOVEMENTS; MAMMALS
AB Sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) movements, home range, and activity budgets were described from data collected during very-high-frequency radiotelemetry studies of 75 individuals on the outer coast of Washington State between 1992 and 1999. Sea otters were located at least once per week from 22 accessible sites along the coast. Over the 7-year study period, range expansion occurred from the core range north and east into the Strait of Juan de Fuca (SJF) as well as southward on the outer coast. Forty-three percent of the sea otters moved into the SJF at least once, most often in winter, using habitat that had not been occupied by sea otters since their extirpation 100 years ago. All sea otters spent portions of their time in the vicinity of Cape Alava, and many animals demonstrated consistent periodic seasonal shifts between specific portions of the coastline over several years. Ninety-five percent annual linear home ranges differed between sex and age classes. Adult males used the largest amount of coastline (50 km +/- 9 SD) and subadult females used the least (24 +/- 9 km). Both adult males and females demonstrated high seasonal periodicity in range use in summer and winter. Twenty-four-hour Lime budgets in the core portion of the range revealed on average sea otters spent 41% +/- 14% SD of the time foraging and 45% +/- 13% of the time resting (age and sex classes pooled). Adult and subadult female sea otters were most frequently found resting and foraging close to shore (< 1,000 m) and in shallow water (0-10 m), whereas adult and subadult males rested and foraged >1,000 m offshore and at depths between 10 and 30 m. Given current rates of population growth and observed mobility, sea otters in Washington have high potential for range expansion into unoccupied habitat Such as Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, the SJF, or along Vancouver Island.
C1 [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   [Jameson, Ronald J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA.
   [Gurarie, Eliezer] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
   [Jeffries, Steven J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Sci Program, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA.
   [Allen, Harriet] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Divers Program, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM klaidre@apl.washington.edu
OI Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674
FU United States Geological Survey; Washington Department of Fish and
   Wildlife
FX The results presented here would not have been possible without the
   dedication of field assistants monitoring radiotagged otters, M.
   Stafford and B. Krause, assisted by personnel from the United States
   Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington
   Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Olympic Coast National Marine
   Sanctuary. Capture, tagging, and tracking of sea otters were funded by
   the United States Geological Survey and the Washington Department of
   Fish and Wildlife. Capture and tagging activities were conducted under
   Marine Mammal Protection Act research permit PRT-777239. Data analysis
   was partially funded by the Wildlife Conservation and Restoration
   Program and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. The United
   States Park Service provided logistic support and access to areas within
   Olympic National Park. Thanks to O. Shelton and E. Grey for useful
   discussions about the analysis. Portions of this document include
   intellectual property of the Washington Department of Natural Resources
   and are used herein by permission. Two anonymous reviewers improved the
   manuscript.
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 5
U2 30
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 4
BP 906
EP 917
PG 12
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 489AL
UT WOS:000269391700014
ER

PT J
AU Thatcher, CA
   van Manen, FT
   Clark, JD
AF Thatcher, Cindy A.
   van Manen, Frank T.
   Clark, Joseph D.
TI A HABITAT ASSESSMENT FOR FLORIDA PANTHER POPULATION EXPANSION INTO
   CENTRAL FLORIDA
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Caloosahatchee River; Florida panther; habitat evaluation; Mahalanobis
   distance; Puma concolor; radiotelemetry
ID CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; MODELS
AB One of the goals of the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) recovery plan is to expand panther range north of the Caloosahatchee River in central Florida. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of that region to Support panthers. We used a geographic information system and the Mahalanobis distance statistic to develop a habitat model based on landscape characteristics associated with panther home ranges. We used cross-validation and an independent telemetry data set to test the habitat model. We also conducted a least-cost path analysis to identify potential habitat linkages and to provide a relative measure of connectivity among habitat patches. Variables in our model were paved road density, major highways, human population density, percentage of the area permanently or semipermanently flooded, and percentage of the area in natural land cover. Our model clearly identified habitat typical of that found within panther home ranges based on model testing with recent telemetry data. We identified 4 potential translocation sites that may support a total of approximately 36 panthers. Although we identified potential habitat linkages, out least-cost path analyses highlighted the extreme isolation of panther habitat in portions of the study area. Human intervention will likely be required if the goal is to establish female panthers north of the Caloosahatchee in the near term.
C1 [van Manen, Frank T.; Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Thatcher, Cindy A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Clark, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, 274 Ellington Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM jclark1@utk.edu
OI Thatcher, Cindy/0000-0003-0331-071X
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service
FX This study was funded by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. We
   thank the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the
   National Park Service for providing telemetry data. We thank C. Belden
   for his help and support throughout the study. He, along with C.
   Schultz, and B. Rieck of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and
   D. Land of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
   provided helpful suggestions and comments on earlier versions of the
   habitat model. Finally, we thank the associate editor and 2 anonymous
   reviewers for their thoughtful comments on this manuscript.
NR 40
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 33
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 4
BP 918
EP 925
PG 8
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 489AL
UT WOS:000269391700015
ER

PT J
AU Padeletti, AT
   Kreeger, DA
   Gatenby, CM
   Hughes, SG
   Thomas, RL
   Malfi, R
   Wood-Tucker, H
AF Padeletti, Angela T.
   Kreeger, Danielle A.
   Gatenby, Catherine M.
   Hughes, Steven G.
   Thomas, Roger L.
   Malfi, Rosemary
   Wood-Tucker, Heidi
TI RESTORING OUR PAST WITH MUSSEL POWER IN THE FRESHWATER PORTION OF THE
   DELAWARE ESTUARY WATERSHED
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Padeletti, Angela T.; Kreeger, Danielle A.] Partnership Delaware Estuary, Wilmington 19801, DE USA.
   [Gatenby, Catherine M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, White Sulphur Springs, WV 24986 USA.
   [Hughes, Steven G.; Wood-Tucker, Heidi] Cheyney Univ Penn, Cheyney, PA 19319 USA.
   [Thomas, Roger L.; Malfi, Rosemary] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI GROTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD,
   GROTON, CT 06340 USA
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 3
BP 718
EP 719
PG 2
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 546HK
UT WOS:000273801700218
ER

PT J
AU Horowitz, AJ
AF Horowitz, Arthur J.
TI Monitoring suspended sediments and associated chemical constituents in
   urban environments: lessons from the city of Atlanta, Georgia, USA Water
   Quality Monitoring Program
SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Annual fluxes; Major elements; Nutrients; Suspended sediment; Trace
   elements; Urban hydrology
ID TRACE-ELEMENT FLUXES; WEST YORKSHIRE; RIVER-BASIN; METHODOLOGICAL
   CONSIDERATIONS; SAMPLING FREQUENCY; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT; NUTRIENT FLUXES;
   DRAINAGE BASINS; STORM-RUNOFF; CATCHMENT
AB The City of Atlanta, Georgia (COA) is part of the ninth largest metropolitan area in the USA and one of the fastest growing (e.g., > 24% between 2000 and 2007). Since 2003, the US Geological Survey has been operating an extensive long-term water-quantity and water-quality monitoring network for the COA. The experience gained in operating this network has provided insights into the challenges as well as some solutions associated with determining urban effects on water quality, especially in terms of estimating the annual fluxes of suspended sediment, trace/major elements, and nutrients.
   The majority (> 90%) of the annual fluxes of suspended sediment and discharge (> 60%) from the COA occur in conjunction with stormflow. Typically, stormflow averages a parts per thousand currency sign20% of the year. Normally, annual flux calculations employ a daily time-step; however, due to the "flashy" nature of the COA's streams, this approach can produce substantial underestimates (from 25% to 64%). Greater accuracy requires time-steps as short as every 2 to 3 h. The annual fluxes of a parts per thousand yen75% of trace elements (e.g., Cu, Pb, Zn), major elements (e.g., Fe, Al), and total P occur in association with suspended sediment; in turn, a parts per thousand yen90% of the transport of these constituents occurs in conjunction with stormflow. With the possible exception of nitrogen, baseflow sediment-associated and both baseflow and stormflow dissolved contributions represent relatively insignificant portions of the total annual load; hence, nonpoint (diffuse) sources are the dominant contributors to the fluxes of almost all of these constituents.
C1 US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA.
RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, 3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA.
EM horowitz@usgs.gov
NR 50
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1439-0108
J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT
JI J. Soils Sediments
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 9
IS 4
BP 342
EP 363
DI 10.1007/s11368-009-0092-y
PG 22
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture
GA 476HO
UT WOS:000268430400006
ER

PT J
AU Stewart, JP
   Hu, JP
   Kayen, RE
   Lembo, AJ
   Collins, BD
   Davis, CA
   O'Rourke, TD
AF Stewart, Jonathan P.
   Hu, Jianping
   Kayen, Robert E.
   Lembo, Arthur J., Jr.
   Collins, Brian D.
   Davis, Craig A.
   O'Rourke, Thomas D.
TI Use of Airborne and Terrestrial Lidar to Detect Ground Displacement
   Hazards to Water Systems
SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER ALTIMETRY; EROSION; EARTHQUAKE; ELEVATION; DEMS
AB We investigate the use of multiepoch airborne and terrestrial lidar to detect and measure ground displacements of sufficient magnitude to damage buried pipelines and other water system facilities that might result, for example, from earthquake or rainfall-induced landslides. Lidar scans are performed at three sites with coincident measurements by total station surveying. Relative horizontal accuracy is evaluated by measurements of lateral dimensions of well defined objects such as buildings and tanks; we find misfits ranging from approximately 5 to 12 cm, which is consistent with previous work. The bias and dispersion of lidar elevation measurements, relative to total station surveying, is assessed at two sites: (1) a power plant site (PP2) with vegetated steeply sloping terrain; and (2) a relatively flat and unvegetated site before and after trenching operations were performed. At PP2, airborne lidar showed minimal elevation bias and a standard deviation of approximately 70 cm, whereas terrestrial lidar did not produce useful results due to beam divergence issues and inadequate sampling of the study region. At the trench site, airborne lidar showed minimal elevation bias and reduced standard deviation relative to PP2 (6-20 cm), whereas terrestrial lidar was nearly unbiased with very low dispersion (4-6 cm). Pre- and posttrench bias-adjusted normalized residuals showed minimal to negligible correlation, but elevation change was affected by relative bias between epochs. The mean of elevation change bias essentially matches the difference in means of pre- and posttrench elevation bias, whereas elevation change standard deviation is sensitive to the dispersion of individual epoch elevations and their correlation coefficient. The observed lidar bias and standard deviations enable reliable detection of damaging ground displacements for some pipelines types (e.g., welded steel) but not all (e.g., concrete with unwelded, mortared joints).
C1 [Stewart, Jonathan P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Hu, Jianping; Davis, Craig A.] City Los Angeles, Dept Water & Power, Los Angeles, CA 90051 USA.
   [Kayen, Robert E.; Collins, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Lembo, Arthur J., Jr.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Geog, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA.
   [O'Rourke, Thomas D.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Stewart, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM jstewart@seas.ucla.edu
RI hu, jiangping /C-3320-2014
FU National Science Foundation [EEC-970147]
FX The work of writers J. P. S.,R. E. K., T. S. H., and T. D. O. was
   supported by grants from the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake
   Engineering Research, which in turn is supported by Master Agreement No.
   EEC-970147 from the National Science Foundation. The City of Los Angeles
   Department of Water and Power funded the surveying and airborne lidar
   work. This support is appreciated. The views and opinions expressed in
   this document represent those of the writers and do not reflect the
   policy of the federal government. Dr. Ronald Eguchi of Imagecat is
   thanked for facilitating contractual matters related to the work of J.
   P. S., T. S. H., and R. E. K. Carolin Ferwerda is thanked for her work
   on processing airborne lidar data. The writers also thank the two
   anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.
NR 35
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 9
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9453
J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE
JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 135
IS 3
BP 113
EP 124
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2009)135:3(113)
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 471OD
UT WOS:000268066900004
ER

PT J
AU Feng, TT
   van Manen, FT
   Zhao, NX
   Li, M
   Wei, FW
AF Feng, Tian-Tian
   van Manen, Frank T.
   Zhao, Na-Xun
   Li, Ming
   Wei, Fu-Wen
TI Habitat Assessment for Giant Pandas in the Qinling Mountain Region of
   China
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ailuropoda melanoleuca; China; Geographic Information System (GIS);
   giant panda; habitat conservation; habitat model; habitat use;
   Mahalanobis distance; Qinling Mountains
ID NATURE-RESERVE; BAMBOO; LANDSCAPES; SEPARATION; DYNAMICS; FOREST; NORTH;
   MODEL
AB Because habitat loss and fragmentation threaten giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), habitat protection and restoration are important conservation measures for this endangered species. However, distribution and value of potential habitat to giant pandas on a regional scale are not fully known. Therefore, we identified and ranked giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve, Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, and adjacent areas in the Qinling Mountains of China. We used Mahalanobis distance and 11 digital habitat layers to develop a multivariate habitat signature associated with 247 surveyed giant panda locations, which we then applied to the study region. We identified approximately 128 km(2) of giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve (43.6% of the reserve) and 49 km(2) in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (33.6% of the reserve). We defined core habitat areas by incorporating a minimum patch-size criterion (5.5 km(2)) based on home-range size. Percentage of core habitat area was higher in Foping Nature Reserve (41.8% of the reserve) than Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (26.3% of the reserve). Within the larger analysis region, Foping Nature Reserve contained 32.7% of all core habitat areas we identified, indicating regional importance of the reserve. We observed a negative relationship between distribution of core areas and presence of roads and small villages. Protection of giant panda habitat at lower elevations and improvement of habitat linkages among core habitat areas are important in a regional approach to giant panda conservation. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 852-858; 2009)
C1 [Feng, Tian-Tian; Li, Ming; Wei, Fu-Wen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Feng, Tian-Tian] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
   [van Manen, Frank T.] Univ Tennessee, Leetown Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [van Manen, Frank T.; Wei, Fu-Wen] Memphis Zool Soc, Memphis, TN 38112 USA.
   [Zhao, Na-Xun] Foping Nat Reserve, Foping Cty 723400, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
RP Feng, TT (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM weifw@ioz.ac.cn
FU Memphis Zoological Society; United States Forest Service International
   Programs; Memphis Zoo
FX We thank the staff of Foping Nature Reserve and Guanyinshan Nature
   Reserve and field assistant Jiulin for their support of the field work.
   We thank C. Thatcher, L. Thompson, J. Laufenberg, Z. Zhang, H. Wu, X.
   Zhan, T. Meng, and D. Qi for help with GIS and statistical analyses. Our
   research was funded by the Memphis Zoological Society and the United
   States Forest Service International Programs. We thank A. Kouba from the
   Memphis Zoo for his support throughout this project. Any use of trade,
   product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
   imply endorsement by the United States government.
NR 41
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 6
BP 852
EP 858
DI 10.2193/2008-186
PG 7
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 480HJ
UT WOS:000268724200006
ER

PT J
AU Gregg, MA
   Crawford, JA
AF Gregg, Michael A.
   Crawford, John A.
TI Survival of Greater Sage-Grouse Chicks and Broods in the Northern Great
   Basin
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE brood; Centrocercus urophasianus; chick; forbs; greater sage-grouse;
   insects; Lepidoptera; radiotelemetry; survival
ID HABITAT USE; PARTRIDGE CHICKS; BUTTERFLY NUMBERS; BREEDING SUCCESS;
   FEEDING ECOLOGY; PHEASANT CHICKS; ARABLE FARMLAND; PERDIX-PERDIX;
   SELECTION; MANAGEMENT
AB Reduced annual recruitment because of poor habitat quality has been implicated as one of the causative factors in the rangewide decline of sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations since the 1950s. Because chick and brood survival are directly linked to annual recruitment and may be the primary factors that limit sage-grouse population growth, we estimated 28-day survival rates of radiomarked chicks and broods from 2000 to 2003. We examined relationships between survival and several habitat variables measured at brood sites, including food availability (insects and forbs); horizontal cover of sagebrush, grasses, and forbs; and vertical cover of sagebrush and grass. We monitored 506 radiomarked chicks from 94 broods; chick survival was 0.392 (SE = 0.024). We found evidence that both food and cover variables were positively associated with chick survival, including Lepidoptera availability, slender phlox (Phlox gracilis) frequency, total forb cover, and grass cover. The effect of total grass cover on chick survival was dependent on the proportion of short grass. The hazard of an individual chick's death decreased 8.6% (95% CI = -1.0 to 18.3) for each percentage point increase in total grass cover when the proportion of short grass was >70%. Survival of 83 radiomarked broods was 0.673 (SE = 0.055). Lepidoptera availability and slender phlox frequency were the only habitat variables related to brood survival. Risk of total brood loss decreased by 11.8% (95% CI = 1.2-22.5) for each additional Lepidoptera individual and 2.7% (95% CI = 20.4 to 5.8) for each percentage point increase in the frequency of slender phlox found at brood sites. Model selection results revealed that temporal differences in brood survival were associated with variation in the availability of Lepidoptera and slender phlox. Years with high brood survival corresponded with years of high Lepidoptera availability and high slender phlox frequency. These foods likely provided high-quality nutrition for chicks during early growth and development and enhanced survival. Habitat management that promotes Lepidoptera and slender phlox abundance during May and June (i.e., early brood rearing) should have a positive effect on chick and brood survival in the short term and potentially increase annual recruitment. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 904-913; 2009)
C1 [Gregg, Michael A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Burbank, WA 99323 USA.
   [Crawford, John A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Gregg, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mid Columbia River Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,6, Burbank, WA 99323 USA.
EM mike_gregg@fws.gov
FU USFWS; Bureau of Land Management; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation;
   Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Nevada Division of Wildlife;
   Nevada Bighorns Unlimited; Nevada Chukar Foundation
FX This research was funded by the USFWS, Bureau of Land Management,
   National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Oregon Department of Fish and
   Wildlife, Nevada Division of Wildlife, Nevada Bighorns Unlimited, and
   Nevada Chukar Foundation. We thank J. T. Forbes and V. Stofleth of the
   Bureau of Land Management and J. Lane of the Beatys Butte Grazing
   Association for logistic and technical support, and we thank numerous
   field technicians and volunteers for assistance with data collection. J.
   W. Connelly and M. D. Pope provided comments on earlier versions of this
   manuscript.
NR 64
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 6
BP 904
EP 913
DI 10.2193/2007-410
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 480HJ
UT WOS:000268724200012
ER

PT J
AU Martin, KH
   Lindberg, MS
   Schmutz, JA
   Bertram, MR
AF Martin, Kate H.
   Lindberg, Mark S.
   Schmutz, Joel A.
   Bertram, Mark R.
TI Lesser Scaup Breeding Probability and Female Survival on the Yukon
   Flats, Alaska
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Aythya affinis; boreal forest; breeding probability; female
   survival; lesser scaup; Yukon Flats
ID NUTRIENT-RESERVE DYNAMICS; BOREAL FOREST; NEST SUCCESS; REPRODUCTIVE
   EFFORT; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; SEASON SURVIVAL; SHOT MALLARDS; WILD
   MALLARDS; DECOY TRAP; DUCKS
AB Information on the ecology of waterfowl breeding in the boreal forest is lacking, despite the boreal region's importance to continental waterfowl populations and to duck species that are currently declining, such as lesser scaup (Aythya affinis). We estimated breeding probability and breeding season survival of female lesser scaup on the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, USA, in 2005 and 2006. We captured and marked 93 lesser scaup with radiotransmitters during prelaying and nesting periods. Although all marked lesser scaup females were paired throughout prelaying and incubation periods, we estimated breeding probability over both years as 0.12 (SE = 0.05, n = 67) using telemetry. Proportion of lesser scaup females undergoing rapid follicle growth at capture in 2006 was 0.46 (SE = 0.11, n = 37), based on concentration of yolk precursors in blood plasma. By combining methods based on telemetry, yolk precursors, and postovulatory follicles, we estimated maximum breeding probability as 0.68 (SE = 0.08, n = 37) in 2006. Notably, breeding probability was positively related to female body mass. Survival of female lesser scaup during the nesting and brood-rearing periods was 0.92 (SE = 0.05) in 2005 and 0.86 (SE = 0.08) in 2006. Our results suggest that breeding probability is lower than expected for lesser scaup. In addition, the implicit assumption of continental duck-monitoring programs that all paired females attempt to breed should be reevaluated. Recruitment estimates based on annual breeding-pair surveys may overestimate productivity of scaup pairs in the boreal forest. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 914-923; 2009)
C1 [Martin, Kate H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Schmutz, Joel A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
   [Bertram, Mark R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
RP Martin, KH (reprint author), Oregon Nat Desert Assoc, 201 SE Fairview St, Prineville, OR 97754 USA.
EM kate.h.martin@gmail.com
FU Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge; Delta Waterfowl Foundation;
   University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research
   Fund; Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; UAF Department
   of Biology; UAF Institute of Arctic Biology
FX Financial support for this project was provided by the Yukon Flats
   National Wildlife Refuge, the Delta Waterfowl Foundation, the University
   of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Angus Gavin Migratory Bird Research Fund, the
   Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the UAF Department
   of Biology, and the UAF Institute of Arctic Biology. The staff of Yukon
   Flats National Wildlife Refuge assisted with all aspects of field
   logistics; we especially thank N. Guldager, M. Hinkes, and M. Vivion. We
   are indebted to all of the hard- working field assistants and
   volunteers, including C. VanStratt, J. Wells, D. Safine, C. Hisaoka, J.
   Kopanke, E. Smith, J. Minerva, T. Heuer, B. Whitehill, J. Fox, P.
   Williams, J. Akaran, S. Dufford, L. Devaney, A. Martin, T. Tanner, P.
   Barboza, T. Welsh, J. Schmidt, and M. Petrula. We also thank the staff
   at the UAF Animal Quarters for maintenance of captive birds, and M.
   MacCluskie, D. Esler, and T. Williams for lab analyses. Comments from 2
   anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript.
NR 88
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 20
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 6
BP 914
EP 923
DI 10.2193/2007-587
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 480HJ
UT WOS:000268724200013
ER

PT J
AU Bentzen, RL
   Powell, AN
   Suydam, RS
AF Bentzen, Rebecca L.
   Powell, Abby N.
   Suydam, Robert S.
TI Strategies for Nest-Site Selection by King Eiders
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE concealment; king eider; nesting associations; nest-site choice;
   seclusion; Somateria spectabilis
ID BREEDING BIOLOGY; NORTHERN ALASKA; OIL-DEVELOPMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
   ARCTIC FOX; PREDATION; SUCCESS; AVAILABILITY; ASSOCIATION; PROTECTION
AB Nest site selection is a critical component of reproduction and has presumably evolved in relation to predation, local resources, and microclimate. We investigated nest-site choice by king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) on the coastal plain of northern Alaska, USA, 2003-2005. We hypothesized that nest-site selection is driven by predator avoidance and that a variety of strategies including concealment, seclusion, and conspecific or inter-specific nest defense might lead to improved nesting success. We systematically searched wetland basins for king eider nests and measured habitat and social variables at nests (n = 212) and random locations (n = 493). King eiders made use of both secluded and concealed breeding strategies; logistic regression models revealed that females selected nests close to water, on islands, and in areas with high willow (Salix spp.) cover but did not select sites near conspecific or glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) nests. The most effective nest-placement strategy may vary depending on density and types of nest predators; seclusion is likely a mammalian-predator avoidance tactic whereas concealment may provide protection from avian predators. We recommend that managers in northern Alaska attempt to maintain wetland basins with islands and complex shorelines to provide potential nest sites in the vicinity of water. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 932-938; 2009)
C1 [Bentzen, Rebecca L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Suydam, Robert S.] Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA.
RP Bentzen, RL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM ftrlm@uaf.edu
OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X
FU Minerals Management Service; Coastal Marine Institute; Bureau of Land
   Management; ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc.; United States Geological Survey
   Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; North Slope
   Borough's Department of Wildlife Management; North Slope Borough Search
   and Rescue; State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and
   Economic Development
FX This study would not be possible without the financial and logistical
   support of the Minerals Management Service, Coastal Marine Institute,
   Bureau of Land Management, ConocoPhillips Alaska Inc., United States
   Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit,
   North Slope Borough's Department of Wildlife Management and Grants
   Office, and the North Slope Borough Search and Rescue. The North Slope
   Borough provided funding through the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska
   Impact Mitigation Program from the State of Alaska Department of
   Commerce, Community and Economic Development. We thank L. Phillips for
   help with the initial planning and execution of this study and all the
   many field technicians. Comments by P. Flint, A. Kitaysky, D. Thomas, T.
   Arnold, and 2 anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated and improved
   previous versions of the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm
   names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not
   imply endorsement by the United States government.
NR 51
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 14
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 6
BP 932
EP 938
DI 10.2193/2008-411
PG 7
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 480HJ
UT WOS:000268724200015
ER

PT J
AU Ellis, LA
   Stump, SD
   Weddle, DM
AF Ellis, Lisa A.
   Stump, Shaylon D.
   Weddle, Dominique M.
TI Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Population and Habitat Response to
   Reservoir Inundation
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Empidonax traillii extimus; nest success; productivity; reservoir
   inundation; riparian habitat; Roosevelt Lake; southwestern willow
   flycatcher
ID SITE FIDELITY; SEEDLINGS; COTTONWOOD
AB One of the largest known populations of the federally endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) occurs at Roosevelt Lake, Arizona, USA. Modifications to Roosevelt Dam, completed in 1996, raised the height of the dam and resulted in a high probability of willow flycatcher habitat inundation within the reservoir's conservation pool. We collected habitat measurements and monitored 922 willow flycatcher nests from 1996 to 2006 to investigate effects of inundation on willow flycatcher habitat and subsequent changes in nest success, productivity, and distribution. Inundation of willow flycatcher habitat at Roosevelt Lake occurred in 2005, changing the location and amount of suitable breeding habitat and significantly altering habitat structure (e. g., thinner vegetation, more canopy gaps) of formally occupied nest sites. The willow flycatcher population at Roosevelt Lake decreased 47% from 209 territories in 2004 to 111 territories in 2006 in response to habitat changes. Willow flycatchers made fewer nesting attempts and nest success rates were significantly lower during inundation (2005 and 2006: 45%) than preinundation (1996-2004: 57%). Combined, these factors negatively affected the population's productivity during inundation. Although inundation caused extensive vegetation die-off, we did observe regeneration of vegetation in some areas at Roosevelt Lake in 2006. The Roosevelt Lake population remains one of the largest willow flycatcher populations in the state and territory numbers remain high enough that the population may not suffer long-term effects if sufficient suitable habitat continues to exist during the cycle of inundation and regeneration. Reservoir managers may be able to develop dam management guidelines that reduce damage to habitat, encourage habitat growth, and mimic the dynamic nature of unaltered riparian habitat. These guidelines can be implemented, as appropriate, at reservoirs throughout the willow flycatcher's range. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 946-954; 2009)
C1 [Ellis, Lisa A.; Stump, Shaylon D.; Weddle, Dominique M.] Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA.
RP Ellis, LA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Field Off, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA.
EM lisa_ellis@fws.gov
FU United States Bureau of Reclamation; USFWS
FX The United States Bureau of Reclamation and USFWS provided funding for
   our study. We especially thank S. Sferra and H. Messing of the United
   States Bureau of Reclamation, M. Sogge and E. Paxton of the United
   States Geological Society (USGS), and G. Beatty of USFWS for their
   invaluable support. We thank S. Sferra, H. Messing, A. Graber, H.
   English, G. Beatty, M. Sogge, E. Paxton, E. Ray, and R. Ockenfels for
   providing valuable comments and contributions to this manuscript. We
   thank all of the Arizona Game & Fish Department (AGFD) field-crew
   leaders and personnel; in particular, we thank B. Allen, R. Davidson, J.
   Dockens, P. Dockens, T. McCarthey, R. Meyer, B. Muiznieks, O. Munzer, C.
   Paradzick, J. Rourke, A. Smith, J. Spencer, M. Sumner, H. Telle, A.
   Tudor, and A. Wartell. We also thank all of the numerous AGFD and USGS
   field-crew members for their dedicated and conscientious efforts in the
   field.
NR 41
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 6
BP 946
EP 954
DI 10.2193/2008-297
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 480HJ
UT WOS:000268724200017
ER

PT J
AU Lauber, TB
   Taylor, EJ
   Decker, DJ
AF Lauber, T. Bruce
   Taylor, Eric J.
   Decker, Daniel J.
TI Factors Influencing Membership of Federal Wildlife Biologists in The
   Wildlife Society
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE federal agencies; membership; organizational commitment; participation;
   professional commitment; scientific societies
ID PERCEIVED BEHAVIORAL-CONTROL; LATENT SOCIAL ROLES; ORGANIZATIONAL
   COMMITMENT; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT; CONFLICT;
   COSMOPOLITANS; ATTITUDES; TURNOVER; EFFICACY
AB Membership in scientific societies is an avenue wildlife professionals may use to maintain and enhance their professional capabilities. We studied factors influencing United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and United States Geological Survey (USGS) biologists' membership in scientific societies in general and The Wildlife Society (TWS) in particular. We conducted an internet census survey of 3,755 USFWS professionals and 932 USGS Biological Resource Division professionals. The survey collected data on membership and participation in scientific societies as well as other variables that we theorized could influence membership. We used logistic regressions to identify factors correlated with the membership of wildlife biologists in TWS. A greater proportion of USGS biologists (90.2%) than USFWS biologists (51.8%) were members of scientific societies, and the likelihood of wildlife biologists belonging to TWS was higher in USGS. Factors most consistently correlated with membership in TWS included minimal external constraints (e. g., family responsibilities and costs), supervisor support for membership, and membership of friends, peers, and supervisors in scientific societies. Our results suggest that membership in scientific societies is heavily influenced by the organizational culture of employing agencies. Agencies seeking to increase their employees' membership, and thus benefits from participation, in scientific societies will be most successful if they create a culture in which involvement in scientific societies is expected and in which peers and supervisors also participate. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 980-988; 2009)
C1 [Lauber, T. Bruce; Decker, Daniel J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Taylor, Eric J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
RP Lauber, TB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Human Dimens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM TBL3@cornell.edu
FU TWS; USGS Biological Resources Discipline; USFWS Office of the Science
FX Our study was funded by TWS via funding provided by the USGS Biological
   Resources Discipline and the USFWS Office of the Science Advisor. D.
   Ashe, W. Knapp, J. Fleming, and T. Franklin offered timely advice and
   feedback throughout our study.
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 7
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 6
BP 980
EP 988
DI 10.2193/2008-064
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 480HJ
UT WOS:000268724200021
ER

PT J
AU Diefenbach, DR
   Casalena, MJ
   Schiavone, MV
   Swanson, D
   Reynolds, M
   Boyd, RC
   Eriksen, R
   Swift, B
AF Diefenbach, Duane R.
   Casalena, Mary Jo
   Schiavone, Michael V.
   Swanson, David
   Reynolds, Michael
   Boyd, Robert C.
   Eriksen, Robert
   Swift, Bryan
TI Loss of Butt-End Leg Bands on Male Wild Turkeys
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE band loss; butt-end band; leg band; Meleagris gallapavo; rivet band;
   wild turkey
ID WEST-VIRGINIA; TAG LOSS; SURVIVAL
AB We estimated loss of butt-end leg bands on male wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo) captured in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania (USA) during December-March, 2006-2008. We used aluminum rivet leg bands as permanent marks to estimate loss of regular aluminum, enameled aluminum, anodized aluminum, and stainless steel butt-end leg bands placed below the spur. We used band loss information from 887 turkeys recovered between 31 days and 570 days after release ((x) over bar = 202 days). Band loss was greater for turkeys banded as adults (>1 yr old) than juveniles and was greater for aluminum than stainless steel bands. We estimated band retention was 79-96%, depending on age at banding and type of band, for turkeys recovered 3 months after release. Band retention was <50% for all age classes and band types 15 months after banding. We concluded that use of butt-end leg bands on male wild turkeys is inappropriate for use in mark-recapture studies. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 996-999; 2009)
C1 [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Casalena, Mary Jo; Boyd, Robert C.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA.
   [Schiavone, Michael V.; Swift, Bryan] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Albany, NY 12233 USA.
   [Swanson, David; Reynolds, Michael] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
   [Eriksen, Robert] Natl Wild Turkey Federat, Edgefield, SC 29824 USA.
RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM ddiefenbach@psu.edu
FU New York State Department of Environmental Conservation [WE-173-G]; Ohio
   Department of Natural Resources; Pennsylvania Game Commission; National
   Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF); New York Chapter of NWTF; Pennsylvania
   Chapter of NWTF
FX Support for this project was provided by the New York State Department
   of Environmental Conservation (Federal Assistance in Wildlife
   Restoration Grant WE-173-G), Ohio Department of Natural Resources,
   Pennsylvania Game Commission, National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF),
   New York Chapter of NWTF, and Pennsylvania Chapter of NWTF. National
   Band and Tag (Newport, KY) donated butt-end bands. We thank the many
   agency personnel and volunteers who assisted with capture of wild
   turkeys. Also, we thank W. C. Vreeland for managing the banding database
   and contacting hundreds of hunters who reported bands and K. L.
   Christine for administrative assistance. Use of trade names does not
   imply endorsement by the federal government. Reviews by J. L. Laake, W.
   M. Tzilkowski, and 2 anonymous referees improved the manuscript.
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 6
BP 996
EP 999
DI 10.2193/2008-477
PG 4
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 480HJ
UT WOS:000268724200023
ER

PT J
AU Herring, G
   Gawlik, DE
AF Herring, Garth
   Gawlik, Dale E.
TI Stability of Avian Fecal Corticosterone Metabolite Levels in Frozen
   Avian Feces
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE avian ecology; corticosterone; fecal metabolites; fecal steroids;
   glucocorticoids; sample storage
ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; BIRDS; DROPPINGS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; QUALITY;
   SAMPLES; CHICKS; SIZE
AB Fecal corticosterone metabolites are commonly used in avian ecology as a measure of response to stress. Recent research on mammals suggested that the manner in which samples are stored could be critical to alleviating any storage handling bias. Cross-reacting metabolites can increase glucocorticoid metabolites even after samples are frozen and, thus, result in an overestimation of hormone levels as the time increases between when samples were collected and when levels are measured. We examined effects of sample storage time on fecal corticosterone metabolites for 2 avian species across 165 days. We observed no change in fecal corticosterone metabolites across the sampling periods in either fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) or white ibis (Eudocimus albus). Results suggest that avian fecal corticosterone metabolite levels do not change when samples are frozen for long periods of time and that there were no differences in the response between the 2 species we compared. This study demonstrated that avian fecal corticosterone samples are accurate even after freezing and, thus, studies that seek to address conservation questions may rely on these data. Studies of additional bird species are needed to generalize our findings to other avian taxa. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6): 1010-1013; 2009)
C1 [Herring, Garth; Gawlik, Dale E.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA.
RP Herring, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM gherring@ucdavis.edu
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service
FX Funding for research that led to testing of potential storage sample
   time bias was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
   We thank T. F. Dean for his support in implementing this study. H. K.
   Herring, S. M. Lantz, S. L. Milton, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided
   valuable comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. We appreciate
   the support and cooperation of P. C. Frederick for allowing samples to
   be collected from his experimental flock, and N. Jayasena for conducting
   collections. We thank R. Stanek and T. Williams at the Palm Beach Zoo
   for collecting samples from their avian collection.
NR 32
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 13
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 6
BP 1010
EP 1013
DI 10.2193/2008-398
PG 4
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 480HJ
UT WOS:000268724200025
ER

PT J
AU ten Brink, US
AF ten Brink, Uri S.
TI Tsunami hazard along the US Atlantic coast Preface
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM utenbrink@usgs.gov
RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008
OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001
NR 21
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
EI 1872-6151
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 3
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.03.011
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 481TQ
UT WOS:000268835200001
ER

PT J
AU Twichell, DC
   Chaytor, JD
   ten Brink, US
   Buczkowski, B
AF Twichell, David C.
   Chaytor, Jason D.
   ten Brink, Uri S.
   Buczkowski, Brian
TI Morphology of late Quaternary submarine landslides along the US Atlantic
   continental margin
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE landslides; continental margin; Atlantic Ocean; sediments; slope
   processes
ID UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; MASS-TRANSPORT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; NEW-JERSEY;
   SEA-FLOOR; SLOPE FAILURE; SLIDE; TSUNAMI; SHELF
AB The nearly complete coverage of the U.S. Atlantic continental slope and rise by multibeam bathymetry and backscatter imagery provides an opportunity to reevaluate the distribution of submarine landslides along the margin and reassess the controls on their formation. Landslides can be divided into two categories based on their source areas: those sourced in submarine canyons and those sourced on the open continental slope and rise. Landslide distribution is in part controlled by the Quaternary history of the margin. They cover 33% of the continental slope and rise of the glacially influenced New England margin, 16% of the sea floor offshore of the fluvially dominated Middle Atlantic margin, and 13% of the sea floor south of Cape Hatteras. The headwall scarps of open-slope sourced landslides occur mostly on the lower slope and upper rise while they occur mostly on the upper slope in the canyon-sourced ones. The deposits from both landslide categories are generally thin (mostly 20-40 m thick) and comprised primarily of Quaternary material, but the volumes of the open-slope sourced landslide deposits can be larger (1-392 km(3)) than the canyon-sourced ones (1-10 km(3)). The largest failures are located seaward of shelf-edge deltas along the southern New England margin and near salt domes that breach the sea floor south of Cape Hatteras. The spatial distribution of landslides indicates that earthquakes associated with rebound of the glaciated part of the margin or earthquakes associated with salt domes were probably the primary triggering mechanism although other processes may have pre-conditioned sediments for failure. The largest failures and those that have the potential to generate the largest tsunamis are the open-slope sourced landslides. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Twichell, David C.; ten Brink, Uri S.; Buczkowski, Brian] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Chaytor, Jason D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Twichell, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM dtwichell@usgs.gov
RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; 
OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677
NR 72
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 4
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-2
BP 4
EP 15
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.009
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 481TQ
UT WOS:000268835200002
ER

PT J
AU Chaytor, JD
   ten Brink, US
   Solow, AR
   Andrews, BD
AF Chaytor, Jason D.
   ten Brink, Uri S.
   Solow, Andrew R.
   Andrews, Brian D.
TI Size distribution of submarine landslides along the US Atlantic margin
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bathymetry; inverse power-law; log-normal distribution; submarine
   geomorphology; landslide volume
ID STOREGGA SLIDE; POWER LAWS; TSUNAMI; VOLUME; FREQUENCY; SCALE;
   MAGNITUDE; EVOLUTION; MODEL
AB Assessment of the probability for destructive landslide-generated tsunamis depends on the knowledge of the number, size, and frequency of large submarine landslides. This paper investigates the size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental slope and rise using the size of the landslide source regions (landslide failure scars). Landslide scars along the margin identified in a detailed bathymetric Digital Elevation Model (DEM) have areas that range between 0.89 km(2) and 2410 km(2) and volumes between 0.002 km(3) and 179 km(3). The area to volume relationship of these failure scars is almost linear (inverse power-law exponent close to 1), suggesting a fairly uniform failure thickness of a few 10s of meters in each event, with only rare, deep excavating landslides. The cumulative volume distribution of the failure scars is very well described by a log-normal distribution rather than by an inverse power-law, the most commonly used distribution for both subaerial and submarine landslides. A log-normal distribution centered on a volume of 0.86 km(3) may indicate that landslides preferentially mobilize a moderate amount of material (on the order of 1 km(3)), rather than large landslides or very small ones. Alternatively, the log-normal distribution may reflect an inverse power law distribution modified by a size-dependent probability of observing landslide scars in the bathyrnetry data. If the latter is the case, an inverse power-law distribution with an exponent of 1.3 +/- 0.3, modified by a size-dependent conditional probability of identifying more failure scars with increasing landslide size, fits the observed size distribution. This exponent value is similar to the predicted exponent of 1.2 +/- 0.3 for subaerial landslides in unconsolidated material. Both the log-normal and modified inverse power-law distributions of the observed failure scar volumes suggest that large landslides, which have the greatest potential to generate damaging tsunamis, occur infrequently along the margin. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chaytor, Jason D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [ten Brink, Uri S.; Andrews, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Solow, Andrew R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Chaytor, JD (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, MS 24, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM jason.chaytor@whoi.edu
RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008; 
OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677;
   Andrews, Brian/0000-0003-1024-9400
NR 49
TC 55
Z9 61
U1 3
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
EI 1872-6151
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-2
BP 16
EP 27
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 481TQ
UT WOS:000268835200003
ER

PT J
AU Locat, J
   Lee, H
   ten Brink, US
   Twichell, D
   Geist, E
   Sansoucy, M
AF Locat, Jacques
   Lee, Homa
   ten Brink, Uri S.
   Twichell, David
   Geist, Eric
   Sansoucy, Mylene
TI Geomorphology, stability and mobility of the Currituck slide
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Currituck; submarine slides; mobility; stability; yield strength; flow
ID ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; LANDSLIDES; FLOW;
   EARTHQUAKES; GENERATION; SEDIMENTS; CAROLINA; SAND
AB Over the last 100,000 years, the U.S. Atlantic continental margin has experienced various types of mass movements some of which are believed to have taken place at times of low sea level. At one of these times of low sea level a significant trigger caused a major submarine mass movement off the coast of Virginia: the Currituck slide which is believed to have taken place between 24 and 50 ka ago. This slide removed a total volume of about 165 km(3) from this section of the continental slope. The departure zone still shows a very clean surface that dips at 4 degrees and is only covered by a thin veneer of postglacial sediment. Multibeam bathymetric and seismic survey data suggest that this slide took place along three failures surfaces. The morphology of the source area suggests that the sediments were already at least normally consolidated at the time of failure. The slide debris covers an area as much as 55 km wide that extends 180 km from the estimated toe of the original slope. The back analysis of slide initiation indicates that very high pore pressure, a strong earthquake, or both had to be generated to trigger slides on such a low failure plane angle. The shape of the failure plane, the fact that the surface is almost clear of any debris, and the mobility analysis, all support the argument that the slides took place nearly simultaneously. Potential causes for the generation of high pore pressures could be seepage forces from coastal aquifers, delta construction and related pore pressure generation due to the local sediment loading, gas hydrates, and earthquakes. This slide, and its origin, is a spectacular example of the potential threat that submarine mass movements can pose to the US Atlantic coast and underline the need to further assess the potential for the generation of such large slides, like the Grand Banks 1927 landslide of similar volume. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Locat, Jacques; Sansoucy, Mylene] Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
   [Lee, Homa; Geist, Eric] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [ten Brink, Uri S.; Twichell, David] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Locat, J (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
EM jacques.locat@ggl.ulaval.ca
RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008
OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001
NR 41
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-2
BP 28
EP 40
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.12.005
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 481TQ
UT WOS:000268835200004
ER

PT J
AU Geist, EL
   Lynett, PJ
   Chaytor, JD
AF Geist, Eric L.
   Lynett, Patrick J.
   Chaytor, Jason D.
TI Hydrodynamic modeling of tsunamis from the Currituck landslide
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE tsunami; landslide; hydrodynamic; runup; numerical model; sensitivity
   analysis
ID SUBMARINE SLIDES; SOURCE PARAMETERS; LOCAL TSUNAMIS; RUN-UP; GENERATION;
   PROPAGATION; AMPLITUDES; EQUATIONS; SLUMPS; MECHANISMS
AB Tsunami generation from the Currituck landslide offshore North Carolina and propagation of waves toward the U.S. coastline are modeled based on recent geotechnical analysis of slide movement. A long and intermediate wave modeling package (COULWAVE) based on the non-linear Boussinesq equations are used to simulate the tsunami. This model includes procedures to incorporate bottom friction, wave breaking, and overland flow during runup. Potential tsunamis generated from the Currituck landslide are analyzed using four approaches: (1) tsunami wave history is calculated from several different scenarios indicated by geotechnical stability and mobility analyses: (2) a sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the effects of both landslide failure duration during generation and bottom friction along the continental shelf during propagation; (3) wave history is calculated over a regional area to determine the propagation of energy oblique to the slide axis: and (4) a high-resolution I D model is developed to accurately model wave breaking and the combined influence of nonlinearity and dispersion during nearshore propagation and runup. The primary source parameter that affects tsunami severity for this case study is landslide volume, with failure duration having a secondary influence. Bottom friction during propagation across the continental shelf has a strong influence on the attenuation of the tsunami during propagation. The high-resolution I D model also indicates that the tsunami undergoes nonlinear fission prior to wave breaking, generating independent, short-period waves. Wave breaking occurs approximately 40-50 km offshore where a tsunami bore is formed that persists during runup. These analyses illustrate the complex nature of landslide tsunamis, necessitating the use of detailed landslide stability/mobility models and higher-order hydrodynamic models to determine their hazard. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Geist, Eric L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Lynett, Patrick J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Chaytor, Jason D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM egeist@usgs.gov
RI Lynett, Patrick/A-1458-2011; Lynett, Patrick/B-5932-2014; 
OI Lynett, Patrick/0000-0002-2856-9405; Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677
NR 42
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
EI 1872-6151
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-2
BP 41
EP 52
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.005
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 481TQ
UT WOS:000268835200005
ER

PT J
AU Lee, HJ
AF Lee, Homa J.
TI Timing of occurrence of large submarine landslides on the Atlantic Ocean
   margin
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE tsunami; submarine landslide; Atlantic Ocean; timing; earthquakes;
   glacial cycles
ID CENTRAL SCOTIAN SLOPE; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; CANARY-ISLANDS; STOREGGA
   SLIDE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DEBRIS FLOW; SEA-LEVEL; LA-PALMA; TRIGGERING
   MECHANISMS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
AB Submarine landslides are distributed unevenly both in space and time. Spatially, they occur most commonly in fjords, active river deltas, submarine canyon-fan systems, the open continental slope and on the flanks of oceanic volcanic islands. Temporally, they are influenced by the size, location, and sedimentology of migrating depocenters, changes in seafloor pressures and temperatures, variations in seismicity and volcanic activity, and changes in groundwater flow conditions. The dominant factor influencing the timing of submarine landslide occurrence is glaciation. A review of known ages of submarine landslides along the margins of the Atlantic Ocean, augmented by a few ages from other submarine locations shows a relatively even distribution of large landslides with time from the last glacial maximum until about five thousand years after the end of glaciation. During the past 5000 yr, the frequency of occurrence is less by a factor of 1.7 to 3.5 than during or shortly after the last glacial/deglaciation period. Such an association likely exists because of the formation of thick deposits of sediment on the upper continental slope during glacial periods and increased seismicity caused by isostatic readjustment during and following deglaciation. Hydrate dissociation may play a role, as suggested previously in the literature, but the connection is unclear. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM hjlee@usgs.gov
NR 100
TC 77
Z9 78
U1 4
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-2
BP 53
EP 64
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.09.009
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 481TQ
UT WOS:000268835200006
ER

PT J
AU ten Brink, US
   Lee, HJ
   Geist, EL
   Twichell, D
AF ten Brink, Uri S.
   Lee, Homa J.
   Geist, Eric L.
   Twichell, David
TI Assessment of tsunami hazard to the US East Coast using relationships
   between submarine landslides and earthquakes
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE submarine landslide; landslide tsunami; 1929 Grand Banks earthquake;
   continental slope; slope stability
ID GRAND-BANKS EARTHQUAKE; SOURCE MECHANISM; SIDESCAN SONAR; NORTH-AMERICA;
   SEDIMENT; PREDICTION; EPICENTER; SLOPE; FLOW
AB Submarine landslides along the continental slope of the U.S. Atlantic margin are potential sources for tsunamis along the U.S. East coast. The magnitude of potential tsunamis depends on the volume and location of the landslides, and tsunami frequency depends on their recurrence interval. However, the size and recurrence interval of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin is poorly known. Well-studied landslide-generated tsunamis in other parts of the world have been shown to be associated with earthquakes. Because the size distribution and recurrence interval of earthquakes is generally better known than those for submarine landslides, we propose here to estimate the size and recurrence interval of submarine landslides from the size and recurrence interval of earthquakes in the near vicinity of the said landslides. To do so, we calculate maximum expected landslide size for a given earthquake magnitude, use recurrence interval of earthquakes to estimate recurrence interval of landslide, and assume a threshold landslide size that can generate a destructive tsunami. The maximum expected landslide size for a given earthquake magnitude is calculated in 3 ways: by slope stability analysis for catastrophic slope failure on the Atlantic continental margin, by using land-based compilation of maximum observed distance from earthquake to liquefaction, and by using land-based compilation of maximum observed area of earthquake-induced landslides. We find that the calculated distances and failure areas from the slope stability analysis is similar or slightly smaller than the maximum triggering distances and failure areas in subaerial observations. The results from all three methods compare well with the slope failure observations of the M(w) = 7.2, 1929 Grand Banks earthquake, the only historical tsunamigenic earthquake along the North American Atlantic margin. The results further suggest that a M(w) = 7.5 earthquake (the largest expected earthquake in the eastern U.S.) must be located offshore and within 100 km of the continental slope to induce a catastrophic slope failure. Thus, a repeat of the 1755 Cape Anne and 1881 Charleston earthquakes are not expected to cause landslides on the continental slope. The observed rate of seismicity offshore the U. S. Atlantic coast is very low with the exception of New England, where some microseismicity is observed. An extrapolation of annual strain rates from the Canadian Atlantic continental margin suggests that the New England margin may experience the equivalent of a magnitude 7 earthquake on average every 600-3000 yr. A minimum triggering earthquake magnitude of 5.5 is suggested for a sufficiently large submarine failure to generate a devastating tsunami and only if the epicenter is located within the continental slope. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [ten Brink, Uri S.; Twichell, David] USGS, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA.
   [Lee, Homa J.; Geist, Eric L.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA.
RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), USGS, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA.
EM utenbrink@usgs.gov
RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008
OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001
NR 44
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 4
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-2
BP 65
EP 73
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.011
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 481TQ
UT WOS:000268835200007
ER

PT J
AU Geist, EL
   Parsons, T
AF Geist, Eric L.
   Parsons, Tom
TI Assessment of source probabilities for potential tsunamis affecting the
   US Atlantic coast
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE tsunami; probability; Atlantic Ocean; earthquake; landslide; hazard
ID EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICAN
   EARTHQUAKES; SEISMIC GAP HYPOTHESIS; GRAND-BANKS EARTHQUAKE; SIZE
   DISTRIBUTIONS; GUTENBERG-RICHTER; SLOPE INSTABILITY; HAZARD ASSESSMENT;
   SUBDUCTION ZONES
AB Estimating the likelihood of tsunamis occurring along the U.S. Atlantic coast critically depends on knowledge of tsunami source probability. We review available information on both earthquake and landslide probabilities from potential sources that could generate local and transoceanic tsunamis. Estimating source probability includes defining both size and recurrence distributions for earthquakes and landslides. For the former distribution, source sizes are often distributed according to a truncated or tapered power-law relationship. For the latter distribution, sources are often assumed to occur in time according to a Poisson process, simplifying the way tsunami probabilities from individual sources can be aggregated. For the U.S. Atlantic coast, earthquake tsunami sources primarily occur at transoceanic distances along plate boundary faults. Probabilities for these sources are constrained from previous statistical studies of global seismicity for similar plate boundary types. In contrast, there is presently little information constraining landslide probabilities that may generate local tsunamis. Though there is significant uncertainty in tsunami source probabilities for the Atlantic, results from this study yield a comparative analysis of tsunami source recurrence rates that can form the basis for future probabilistic analyses. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Geist, Eric L.; Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM egeist@usgs.gov
RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; 
OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338
NR 127
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
EI 1872-6151
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-2
BP 98
EP 108
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.005
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 481TQ
UT WOS:000268835200009
ER

PT J
AU Barkan, R
   ten Brink, US
   Lin, J
AF Barkan, Roy
   ten Brink, Uri S.
   Lin, Jian
TI Far field tsunami simulations of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake:
   Implications for tsunami hazard to the US East Coast and the Caribbean
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE tsunami modeling; 1755 Lisbon earthquake; Azores-Gibraltar plate
   boundary; US East Coast; Caribbean tsunami
ID PLATE BOUNDARY; COMPRESSIONAL DEFORMATION; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; FOCAL
   MECHANISMS; SW IBERIA; GIBRALTAR; PORTUGAL; ATLANTIC; MARGIN; PARAMETERS
AB The great Lisbon earthquake of November 1st, 1755 with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.5-9.0 was the most destructive earthquake in European history. The associated tsunami run-up was reported to have reached 5-15 m along the Portuguese and Moroccan coasts and the run-up was significant at the Azores and Madeira Island. Run-up reports from a trans-oceanic tsunami were documented in the Caribbean, Brazil and Newfoundland (Canada). No reports were documented along the U.S. East Coast. Many attempts have been made to characterize the 1755 Lisbon earthquake source using geophysical surveys and modeling the near-held earthquake intensity and tsunami effects. Studying far held effects, as presented in this paper. is advantageous in establishing constraints on source location and strike orientation because trans-oceanic tsunamis are less influenced by near source bathymetry and are unaffected by triggered submarine landslides at the source. Source location, fault orientation and bathymetry are the main elements governing transatlantic tsunami propagation to sites along the U.S. East Coast, much more than distance from the source and continental shelf width. Results of our far and near-field tsunami simulations based on relative amplitude comparison limit the earthquake source area to a region located south of the Gorringe Bank in the center of the Horseshoe Plain. This is in contrast with previously suggested sources such as Marques de Pombal Fault, and Gulf of Cadiz Fault, which are farther east of the Horseshoe Plain. The earthquake was likely to be a thrust event on a fault striking similar to 345 degrees and dipping to the ENE as opposed to the suggested earthquake source of the Gorringe Bank Fault, which trends NE-SW. Gorringe Bank, the Madeira-Tore Rise (MTR), and the Azores appear to have acted as topographic scatterers for tsunami energy, shielding most of the U.S. East Coast from the 1755 Lisbon tsunami. Additional simulations to assess tsunami hazard to the U.S. East Coast from possible future earthquakes along the Azores-Iberia plate boundary indicate that sources west of the MTR and in the Gulf of Cadiz may affect the southeastern coast of the U.S. The Azores-Iberia plate boundary west of the MTR is characterized by strike-slip faults, not thrusts, but the Gulf of Cadiz may have thrust faults. Southern Florida seems to be at risk from sources located east of MTR and South of the Gorringe Bank, but it is mostly shielded by the Bahamas. Higher resolution near-shore bathymetry along the U.S. East Coast and the Caribbean as well as a detailed study of potential tsunami sources in the central west part of the Horseshoe Plain are necessary to verify our simulation results. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [ten Brink, Uri S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Barkan, Roy] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
   [Lin, Jian] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM utenbrink@usgs.gov
RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008
OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001
NR 50
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-2
BP 109
EP 122
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.10.010
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 481TQ
UT WOS:000268835200010
ER

PT J
AU Stone, TC
AF Stone, Thomas C.
TI Absolute stellar photometry on moderate-resolution FPA images
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in
   Optical Radiometry
CY OCT 12-16, 2008
CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA
ID CALIBRATION; MOON; IRRADIANCE
AB An extensive database of star (and Moon) images has been collected by the ground-based RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) as part of the US Geological Survey program for lunar calibration. The stellar data are used to derive nightly atmospheric corrections for the observations from extinction measurements, and absolute calibration of the ROLO sensors is based on observations of Vega and published reference flux and spectrum data. The ROLO telescopes were designed for imaging the Moon at moderate resolution, thus imposing some limitations for the stellar photometry. Attaining accurate stellar photometry with the ROLO image data has required development of specialized processing techniques. A key consideration is consistency in discriminating the star core signal from the off-axis point spread function. The analysis and processing methods applied to the ROLO stellar image database are described.
C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM tstone@usgs.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 46
IS 4
BP S224
EP S227
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/4/S17
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 453AQ
UT WOS:000266582700018
ER

PT J
AU Bouabdellah, M
   Beaudoin, G
   Leach, DL
   Grandia, F
   Cardellach, E
AF Bouabdellah, Mohammed
   Beaudoin, Georges
   Leach, David L.
   Grandia, Fidel
   Cardellach, Esteve
TI Genesis of the Assif El Mal Zn-Pb (Cu, Ag) vein deposit. An
   extension-related Mesozoic vein system in the High Atlas of Morocco.
   Structural, mineralogical, and geochemical evidence
SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA
LA English
DT Article
DE Zn-Pb vein deposits; Stable isotopes; Fluid inclusions; Assif El Mal;
   Morocco
ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION;
   VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS; CL-BR SYSTEMATICS; FLUID INCLUSIONS; MINERALIZING
   BRINES; ORE DEPOSITION; ORIGIN; CONSTRAINTS; CARBONATE
AB The Assif El Mal Zn-Pb (Cu-Ag) vein system, located in the northern flank of the High Atlas of Marrakech (Morocco), is hosted in a Cambro-Ordovician volcaniclastic and metasedimentary sequence composed of graywacke, siltstone, pelite, and shale interlayered with minor tuff and mudstone. Intrusion of synorogenic to postorogenic Late Hercynian peraluminous granitoids has contact metamorphosed the host rocks giving rise to a metamorphic assemblage of quartz, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite, chlorite, amphibole, chloritoid, and garnet. The Assif El Mal Zn-Pb (Cu-Ag) mineralization forms subvertical veins with ribbon, fault breccia, cockade, comb, and crack and seal textures. Two-phase liquid-vapor fluid inclusions that were trapped during several stages occur in quartz and sphalerite. Primary inclusion fluids exhibit T (h) mean values ranging from 104A degrees C to 198A degrees C. Final ice-melting temperatures range from -8.1A degrees C to -12.8A degrees C, corresponding to salinities of similar to 15 wt.% NaCl equiv. Halogen data suggest that the salinity of the ore fluids was largely due to evaporation of seawater. Late secondary fluid inclusions have either Ca-rich, saline (26 wt.% NaCl equiv.), or very dilute (3.5 wt.% NaCl equiv.) compositions and homogenization temperatures ranging from 75A degrees C to 150A degrees C. The delta(18)O and delta D fluid values suggest an isotopically heterogeneous fluid source involving mixing between connate seawater and black-shale-derived organic waters. Low delta(13)C(VPDB) values ranging from -7.5aEuro degrees to -7.7aEuro degrees indicate a homogeneous carbon source, possibly organic matter disseminated in black shale hosting the Zn-Pb (Cu-Ag) veins. The calculated delta(34)S(H2S) values for reduced sulfur (22.5aEuro degrees to 24.3aEuro degrees) are most likely from reduction of SO(4) (2-) in trapped seawater sulfate or evaporite in the host rocks. Reduction of sulfate probably occurred through thermochemical sulfate reduction in which organic matter was oxidized to produce CO(2) which ultimately led to precipitation of saddle dolomite with isotopically light carbon. Lead isotope compositions are consistent with fluid-rock interaction that leached metals from the immediate Cambro-Ordovician volcaniclastic and metasedimentary sequence or from the underlying Paleo-Neoproterozoic crustal basement. Geological constraints suggest that the vein system of Assif El Mal formed during the Jurassic opening of the central Atlantic Ocean.
C1 [Bouabdellah, Mohammed] Lab Gites Mineraux Hydrogeol & Environm, Fac Sci, Oujda 60000, Morocco.
   [Beaudoin, Georges] Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Genie Geol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada.
   [Leach, David L.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Grandia, Fidel; Cardellach, Esteve] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
RP Bouabdellah, M (reprint author), Lab Gites Mineraux Hydrogeol & Environm, Fac Sci, Oujda 60000, Morocco.
EM mbouabdellah2002@yahoo.fr
RI Beaudoin, Georges/B-7108-2009
FU Programme d'Appui a la Recherche Scientifique of Morocco [PROTARS
   II/P23/33]; Moroccan-Spanish Scientific Research Program [188/04/RE];
   NATO Fellowship [EST.CLG.979371]; Fulbright postdoctoral fellowship
FX Funding for this research was provided through grants from the Programme
   d'Appui a la Recherche Scientifique of Morocco (PROTARS II/P23/33), the
   Moroccan-Spanish Scientific Research Program (188/04/RE), and the NATO
   Fellowship (EST.CLG.979371) and was supported by a Fulbright
   postdoctoral fellowship awarded to the first author.
NR 61
TC 9
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0026-4598
J9 MINER DEPOSITA
JI Miner. Depos.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 44
IS 6
BP 689
EP 704
DI 10.1007/s00126-009-0232-8
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 474SK
UT WOS:000268304100004
ER

PT J
AU Brothers, DS
   Driscoll, NW
   Kent, GM
   Harding, AJ
   Babcock, JM
   Baskin, RL
AF Brothers, D. S.
   Driscoll, N. W.
   Kent, G. M.
   Harding, A. J.
   Babcock, J. M.
   Baskin, R. L.
TI Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection
   data
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID PULL-APART BASINS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 1987 SUPERSTITION HILLS;
   SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; SLIP;
   BRAWLEY; SYSTEM; ZONE
AB Oblique extension across strike-slip faults causes subsidence and leads to the formation of pull-apart basins such as the Salton Sea in southern California. The formation of these basins has generally been studied using laboratory experiments or numerical models(1-4). Here we combine seismic reflection data and geological observations from the Salton Sea to understand the evolution of this nascent pull-apart basin. Our data reveal the presence of a northeast-trending hinge zone that separates the sea into northern and southern sub-basins. Differential subsidence (>10 mm yr(-1)) in the southern sub-basin suggests the existence of northwest-dipping basin-bounding faults near the southern shoreline, which may control the spatial distribution of young volcanism. Rotated and truncated strata north of the hinge zone suggest that the onset of extension associated with this pull-apart basin began after similar to 0.5 million years ago. We suggest that slip is partitioned spatially and temporally into vertical and horizontal domains in the Salton Sea. In contrast to previous models based on historical seismicity patterns(5), the rapid subsidence and fault architecture that we document in the southern part of the sea are consistent with experimental models for pull-apart basins(1).
C1 [Brothers, D. S.; Driscoll, N. W.; Kent, G. M.; Harding, A. J.; Babcock, J. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Baskin, R. L.] US Geol Survey, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA.
RP Brothers, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM dbrother@ucsd.edu
RI Brothers, Daniel/D-5565-2009
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0112058, EAR-0545250]; Southern
   California Earthquake Center [2008-08127]
FX Funding for this work was provided by the California Department of Water
   Resources, California Department of Fish and Game, UCSD Academic Senate,
   Scripps Institution of Oceanography, National Science Foundation (grants
   OCE-0112058 and EAR-0545250) and Southern California Earthquake Center
   (grant 2008-08127). We would like to thank B.Philibosian, D.S and well
   and D.Kilb for discussions, and V.Langenheim for a review.
NR 30
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 21
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 2
IS 8
BP 581
EP 584
DI 10.1038/NGEO590
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 497LU
UT WOS:000270061800019
ER

PT J
AU Brosten, TR
   Bradford, JH
   McNamara, JP
   Gooseff, MN
   Zarnetske, JP
   Bowden, WB
   Johnston, ME
AF Brosten, Troy R.
   Bradford, John H.
   McNamara, James P.
   Gooseff, Michael N.
   Zarnetske, Jay P.
   Bowden, William B.
   Johnston, Morgan E.
TI Multi-offset GPR methods for hyporheic zone investigations
SO NEAR SURFACE GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on High-resolution Geophysics for Shallow Water
CY JUN 10, 2007
CL London, ENGLAND
ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; SHORT-PULSE RADAR;
   REFLECTION TOMOGRAPHY; STREAMBED TOPOGRAPHY; ACTIVE LAYER; PERMAFROST;
   ALASKA; RIVER; SURFACE
AB Porosity of stream sediments has a direct effect on hyporheic exchange patterns and rates. Improved estimates of porosity heterogeneity will yield enhanced simulation of hyporheic exchange processes. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) velocity measurements are strongly controlled by water content thus accurate measures of GPR velocity in saturated sediments provides estimates of porosity beneath stream channels using petrophysical relationships. Imaging the substream system using surface based reflection measurements is particularly challenging due to large velocity gradients that occur at the transition from open water to saturated sediments. The continuous multi-offset method improves the quality of subsurface images through stacking and provides measurements of vertical and lateral velocity distributions. We applied the continuous multi-offset method to stream sites on the North Slope, Alaska and the Sawtooth Mountains near Boise, Idaho, USA. From the continuous multi-offset data, we measure velocity using reflection tomography then estimate water content and porosity using the Topp equation. These values provide detailed measurements for improved stream channel hydraulic and thermal modelling
C1 [Brosten, Troy R.; Bradford, John H.; McNamara, James P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA.
   [Gooseff, Michael N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Zarnetske, Jay P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Bowden, William B.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, George D Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
   [Johnston, Morgan E.] Stone Environm Inc, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA.
RP Brosten, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM tbrosten@usgs.gov
RI Zarnetske, Jay/F-4685-2010; Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; McNamara,
   James/F-1993-2011; Bowden, William/J-9219-2014; Gooseff,
   Michael/N-6087-2015
OI Zarnetske, Jay/0000-0003-2777-5378; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315
NR 54
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 16
PU EUROPEAN ASSOC GEOSCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS
PI 3990 DB, HOUTEN
PA PO BOX 59, 3990 DB, HOUTEN, 00000, NETHERLANDS
SN 1569-4445
J9 NEAR SURF GEOPHYS
JI Near Surf. Geophys.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 7
IS 4
BP 247
EP 257
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 481IX
UT WOS:000268802900003
ER

PT J
AU Ketola, HG
   Johnson, JH
   Rinchard, J
   Verdoliva, FJ
   Penney, ME
   Greulich, AW
   Lloyd, RC
AF Ketola, H. George
   Johnson, James H.
   Rinchard, Jacques
   Verdoliva, Francis J.
   Penney, Mary E.
   Greulich, Andreas W.
   Lloyd, Russell C.
TI Effect of Thiamine Status on Probability of Lake Ontario Chinook Salmon
   Spawning in the Upper or Lower Sections of Salmon River, New York
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; ATLANTIC SALMON; EGG-THIAMINE;
   CAYUGA-SYNDROME; MICHIGAN; TROUT; FISH; MIGRATION
AB Consumption of thiaminase-containing forage fishes reduces egg and muscle thiamine content and impairs the spawning migration of Cayuga Lake (New York) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Because some Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from Lake Ontario have been shown to produce eggs low in thiamine, we examined the relationship between the migration of Chinook salmon and the thiamine content of their eggs spawned in the lower and upper sections of the Salmon River, a major tributary to Lake Ontario, in 2003-2006. Eggs from the upper section of the river were collected from 79 salmon returning to the state hatchery 25 river kilometers from the mouth. Eggs from 25 salmon in the lower section were collected from redds or females angled on redds approximately 1-3 km from the mouth. For all years combined, we found the mean thiamine concentration in eggs spawned in the lower section to be significantly lower than that for eggs spawned in the upper section; however, the annual differences in thiamine content of eggs between the upper and lower sections were significant only in 2003 and 2006. Binary logistic regression showed that the odds of spawning in the upper section was increased by 96% (95% confidence interval, 21-217%) for every nanomole of increase in the thiamine content of eggs. Therefore, the migratory achievement of Chinook salmon was significantly dependent on their thiamine status.
C1 [Ketola, H. George; Johnson, James H.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
   [Rinchard, Jacques] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
   [Rinchard, Jacques] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
   [Verdoliva, Francis J.; Penney, Mary E.; Greulich, Andreas W.] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Altmar, NY 13302 USA.
   [Lloyd, Russell C.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Sch Hotel Adm, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Ketola, HG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA.
EM gketola@usgs.gov
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 4
BP 895
EP 902
DI 10.1577/M08-021.1
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UR
UT WOS:000272025000007
ER

PT J
AU Dawson, HA
   Jones, ML
   Scribner, KT
   Gilmore, SA
AF Dawson, Heather A.
   Jones, Michael L.
   Scribner, Kim T.
   Gilmore, Stacy A.
TI An Assessment of Age Determination Methods for Great Lakes Larval Sea
   Lampreys
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; POPULATIONS; PRECISION; GROWTH; VALIDATION;
   STATOLITHS; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; OTOLITHS; ELEMENTS
AB Estimating the age composition and recruitment of populations of invasive sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus necessitates the validation and improvement of age assessment methods that rely on statoliths and length-frequency data. Determining age based on length-frequency distributions is subjective because of heterogeneity in the growth rates of larval sea lampreys (ammocoetes) within and across streams and the resulting overlap in lengths between age-classes. Statolith-based age assessment methods have never been validated for more than I year. We established "known-age" ammocoete populations in two streams by introducing a single cohort of spawners above barriers and compared estimates of ammocoete age based on statoliths with the true ages. In five additional streams, we used microsatellite data from adults and ammocoetes to assign parents to ammocoetes produced the same year and compared the age determined by statolith-based interpretation with the age based on parentage assignment. We combined length-frequency data with age composition data from streams having known-age populations and evaluated likelihood-based statistical models used to estimate the age composition of the ammocoete population. Multiple independent age readings of statoliths from known-age sea lampreys indicated that the age assessment bias (average percent error) was 24.3-36.2%. Genotype-based ages differed from statolith-based ages in 36.1% of cases across all streams. Bias-corrected statolith ages, when combined with length-frequency data, substantially increased age assessment accuracy in a known-age population stream and increased precision in a randomly selected stream; their use, however, requires knowledge of the magnitude of the bias of statolith-based age assessment in study streams. Further effort is needed to quantify these biases and generalize to different types of streams before a reliable methodology for age assessment will be available for sea lamprey management.
C1 [Dawson, Heather A.; Jones, Michael L.; Scribner, Kim T.; Gilmore, Stacy A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Dawson, HA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 3090 Wright St, Marquette, MI 49855 USA.
EM heather_dawson@fws.gov
FU Partnership for Ecosystem Research and Management program; Michigan
   Department of Natural Resources; Michigan State University; Michigan
   Agricultural Experiment Station
FX We are grateful to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission for funding and
   actively supporting this research. Further support was provided by the
   Partnership for Ecosystem Research and Management program, a joint
   program of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan State
   University, and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. A Michigan
   State University dissertation completion fellowship helped support the
   primary author during this research. We thank Anna (Hollett) Cuthbertson
   and Mike Steeves for training the primary author in statolith extraction
   and in age assessment using statoliths. Cuthbertson also assigned ages
   to statoliths in the genetic assessment study. We appreciate Kendra
   Porath for her time and patience in assigning ages to statoliths from
   "known-age" samples. Mike Wilberg and Brian Linton helped with model
   modification and interpretation of results. We thank Steve Campana and
   two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of
   the manuscript. This is contribution P-2009-2 of the U.S. Fish and
   Wildlife Service, Region 3 fisheries program, and publication 2009-12 of
   the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan State University.
NR 32
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 32
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 4
BP 914
EP 927
DI 10.1577/M08-139.1
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UR
UT WOS:000272025000009
ER

PT J
AU Ratcliff, DR
   Wurtsbaugh, WA
   Zustak, J
AF Ratcliff, Donald R.
   Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.
   Zustak, Joseph
TI Evaluating the Effectiveness of Grassbed Treatments as Habitat for
   Juvenile Black Bass in a Drawdown Reservoir
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDATION RISK; LITTORAL-ZONE; UNITED-STATES; LAKE; FISHES; COMPLEXITY;
   GROWTH; PREY
AB Many reservoirs in arid regions experience highly variable water levels caused by seasonal inflow fluctuations and designated outflow requirements. At Shasta Lake, California, managers plant cereal-grain grassbeds on exposed drawdown shorelines to increase juvenile fish habitat, localize productivity, and increase invertebrate fish prey. To determine the efficacy of these plantings, the abundance of juvenile black basses Micropterus spp. (20-55 mm standard length) and the amount of periphyton and macroinvertebrate prey were compared among three treatment types: (1) planted grassbeds of cereal barley Hordeum vulgare; (2) artificial rope grassbeds, which eliminated physical deterioration and nutrient release; and (3) nonplanted control sites with predominately sand and gravel substrates. In comparison with control areas, juvenile black bass abundance averaged 54 times higher in planted grassbeds and 230 times higher in artificial grassbeds. Periphyton (chlorophyll a) and benthic invertebrate biomass did not differ significantly between planted grassbeds and control sites. In artificial grassbeds, periphyton was more than two times the control levels, and benthic invertebrate biomass was more than 12 times tire control levels. We conclude that the long-term availability of physical structure, rather than nutrient release associated with decomposition of grassbed materials, drives use and effectiveness of grassbed treatments. Future management decisions in drawdown reservoirs should emphasize increasing long-term availability and integrity of physical habitat for juvenile fishes in the littoral zone.
C1 [Ratcliff, Donald R.; Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   [Ratcliff, Donald R.; Wurtsbaugh, Wayne A.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   [Zustak, Joseph] US Forest Serv, USDA, Shasta Trinity Natl Forest, Redding, CA 96003 USA.
RP Ratcliff, DR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anadromous Fish Restorat Program, 4001 N Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 95205 USA.
EM donald_ratcliff@fws.gov
RI Wurtsbaugh, Wayne/G-6856-2011
FU U.S. Forest Service; Utah State University Ecology Center
FX Jacie Knight, Gaylon Wilcox, and Kevin Hansen provided field and
   laboratory assistance. Jennifer Gervais and Jeff Kershner reviewed the
   manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Forest
   Service and the Utah State University Ecology Center. Reference to trade
   names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 39
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1119
EP 1129
DI 10.1577/M08-101.1
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UR
UT WOS:000272025000026
ER

PT J
AU Lyons, J
   Zorn, T
   Stewart, J
   Seelbach, P
   Wehrly, K
   Wang, LZ
AF Lyons, John
   Zorn, Troy
   Stewart, Jana
   Seelbach, Paul
   Wehrly, Kevin
   Wang, Lizhu
TI Defining and Characterizing Coolwater Streams and Their Fish Assemblages
   in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMAL TOLERANCE; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; TEMPERATURE SELECTION;
   SPECIES COMPOSITION; HEADWATER STREAMS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LARGEMOUTH
   BASS; LOWER PENINSULA; NORTHERN LAKES; JOHNNY DARTER
AB Coolwater streams, which are intermediate in character between coldwater "trout" streams and more diverse warmwater streams, occur widely in temper-ate regions but are poorly understood. We used modeled water temperature data and fish assemblage samples from 371 stream sites in Michigan and Wisconsin to define, describe, and map coolwater streams and their fish assemblages. We defined coolwater streams as ones having summer water temperatures suitable for both coldwater and warmwater species and used the observed distributions of the 99 fish species at our sites to identify coolwater thermal boundaries. Coolwater streams had June-through-August mean water temperatures of 17.0-20.5 degrees C, July mean temperatures of 17.5-21.0 degrees C, and maximum daily mean temperatures of 20.7-24.6 degrees C. We delineated two subclasses of coolwater streams: "cold transition" (having July mean water temperatures of 17.5-19.5 degrees C) and "warm transition" (having July mean temperatures of 19.5-21.0 degrees C). Fish assemblages in coolwater streams were variable and lacked diagnostic species but were generally intermediate in species richness and overlapped in composition with coldwater and warmwater streams. In cold-transition streams, coldwater (e.g., salmonids and cottids) and transitional species (e.g.. creek chub Semotilus atromaculatus, eastern blacknose dace Rhynichthys atratulus, white sucker Catostomus commersonii, and johnny darter Etheostoma nigrum) were common and warmwater species (e.g., ictalurids and centrarchids) were uncommon: in warm-transition streams warmwater and transitional species were common and coldwater species were uncommon. Coolwater was the most widespread and abundant thermal class in Michigan and Wisconsin, comprising 65% of the combined total stream length in the two states (cold-transition streams being more common than warm-transition ones). Our approach can be used to identify and characterize coolwater streams elsewhere in the temperate region, benefiting many aspects of fisheries management and environmental protection.
C1 [Lyons, John] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA.
   [Zorn, Troy] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA.
   [Stewart, Jana] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Aquat Gap Program, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
   [Seelbach, Paul; Wehrly, Kevin; Wang, Lizhu] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Lyons, J (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA.
EM john.lyons@wisconsin.gov
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the National Center
   [R830596]; U.S. Geological Survey, National GAP Analysis Program; Fish
   Protection Fund Project [230552]; Sport Fish Restoration Project
   [F-80-R, 230738]; SSMP [F-95-P]; Michigan and Wisconsin Departments of
   Natural Resources
FX We thank the many biologists and technicians who helped collect the fish
   assemblage data, especially Chuck Bassett and Paul Kanehl. We also
   recognize the assistance of Travis Brenden, Arthur Cooper, Karen Koval,
   Alex Martin, Matthew Mitro, Chris Smith, Paul Steen, and Steve
   Westenbrock in data processing, database management, and temperature
   model development. Helpful comments on earlier versions of this
   manuscript were provided by Amanda Bell, Mark Hazuga, Greg Searle, Dan
   Sullivan, Brian Weigel, and four anonymous reviewers. Support for this
   study was provided by a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency "Science to
   Achieve Results" grant (R830596) through the National Center for
   Environmental Research; the U.S. Geological Survey, National GAP
   Analysis Program, Great Lakes Aquatic Gap Project,- Game and Fish
   Protection Fund Project 230552 for Michigan; Federal Aid in Sport Fish
   Restoration Project F-80-R, study 230738 for Michigan and Project
   F-95-P, study SSMP, for Wisconsin; and the Michigan and Wisconsin
   Departments of Natural Resources. Reference to trade names does not
   imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 67
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1130
EP 1151
DI 10.1577/M08-118.1
PG 22
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 522UR
UT WOS:000272025000027
ER

PT J
AU Ogonowski, MS
   Conway, CJ
AF Ogonowski, Mark S.
   Conway, Courtney J.
TI Migratory decisions in birds: extent of genetic versus environmental
   control
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Avian migration; Behavioral plasticity; Condition dependence;
   Heritability; Migratory tendency
ID OWL AEGOLIUS-FUNEREUS; ROBIN ERITHACUS-RUBECULA; SEED-EATING BIRDS;
   CLIMATE-CHANGE; IRRUPTIVE MIGRATION; DIFFERENT HABITATS; EUROPEAN
   WARBLERS; BURROWING OWLS; JUNCO-HYEMALIS; POPULATION
AB Migration is one of the most spectacular of animal behaviors and is prevalent across a broad array of taxa. In birds, we know much about the physiological basis of how birds migrate, but less about the relative contribution of genetic versus environmental factors in controlling migratory tendency. To evaluate the extent to which migratory decisions are genetically determined, we examined whether individual western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) change their migratory tendency from one year to the next at two sites in southern Arizona. We also evaluated the heritability of migratory decisions by using logistic regression to examine the association between the migratory tendency of burrowing owl parents and their offspring. The probability of migrating decreased with age in both sexes and adult males were less migratory than females. Individual owls sometimes changed their migratory tendency from one year to the next, but changes were one-directional: adults that were residents during winter 2004-2005 remained residents the following winter, but 47% of adults that were migrants in winter 2004-2005 became residents the following winter. We found no evidence for an association between the migratory tendency of hatch-year owls and their male or female parents. Migratory tendency of hatch-year owls did not differ between years, study sites or sexes or vary by hatching date. Experimental provision of supplemental food did not affect these relationships. All of our results suggest that heritability of migratory tendency in burrowing owls is low, and that intraspecific variation in migratory tendency is likely due to: (1) environmental factors, or (2) a combination of environmental factors and non-additive genetic variation. The fact that an individual's migratory tendency can change across years implies that widespread anthropogenic changes (i.e., climate change or changes in land use) could potentially cause widespread changes in the migratory tendency of birds.
C1 [Ogonowski, Mark S.; Conway, Courtney J.] Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Ogonowski, MS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, USGS Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM mogo@email.arizona.edu
NR 79
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 4
U2 52
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 161
IS 1
BP 199
EP 207
DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1356-3
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 462IT
UT WOS:000267345500018
PM 19437042
ER

PT J
AU Dutra, D
   Kane, ME
   Adams, CR
   Richardson, L
AF Dutra, Daniela
   Kane, Michael E.
   Adams, Carrie Reinhardt
   Richardson, Larry
TI Reproductive biology of Cyrtopodium punctatum in situ: implications for
   conservation of an endangered Florida orchid
SO PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE breeding system; Cyrtopodium punctatum; Orchidaceae; pollination
ID YELLOW-FRINGED ORCHID; PLATANTHERA-CILIARIS; BREEDING SYSTEMS;
   POLLINATION; GERMINATION; SEED; BEE; VIABILITY; RARITY; NEED
AB Cyrtopodium punctatum (Linnaeus) Lindley is an endangered epiphytic orchid restricted in the USA to southern Florida. This species has been extensively collected from the wild since the early 1900s, and today only a few plants remain in protected areas. As part of a conservation plan, a reproductive biology study was conducted to better understand the ecology of this species in Florida. Cyrtopodium punctatum relies on a deceit pollination system using aromatic compounds to attract pollinators. Nine aromatic compounds were identified as components of the fragrance of C. punctatum inflorescences, including two compounds that are known to be Euglossine bee attractants. However, this group of bees is not native to Florida. Of the four bee species observed to visit C. punctatum flowers in the present study, carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) are likely to be the main pollinators. Pollination experiments demonstrated that C. puntatum is self-compatible, but requires a pollinator and thus does not exhibit spontaneous autogamy. In addition, the rates of fruit set were significantly higher for flowers that were outcrossed (xenogamy) than for those that were self-crossed. Thus, the species has evolved a degree of incompatibility. Examples of natural pollination and fruit set were observed during the present study (2007-2008), but the rates of reproduction were modest as a consequence of the low plant numbers and possible changes in insect densities as a result of anthropogenic influences.
C1 [Dutra, Daniela; Kane, Michael E.; Adams, Carrie Reinhardt] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Richardson, Larry] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Naples, FL 34114 USA.
RP Dutra, D (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, 3190 Maile Way,Room 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM ddutra@hawaii.edu
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; American Orchid Society
FX We thank Hans Alborn (USDA) for his help with the fragrance analysis,
   Jim Wiley (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services) for
   his help with insect identification and the Florida Panther National
   Wildlife Refuge staff for logistical support in the field. Special
   thanks to Nancy Philman, Timothy Johnson, Scott Stewart and Philip
   Kauth. This project was supported by both the US Fish and Wildlife
   Service and the American Orchid Society.
NR 52
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0913-557X
J9 PLANT SPEC BIOL
JI Plant Spec. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 2
BP 92
EP 103
DI 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2009.00242.x
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 483JK
UT WOS:000268960000004
ER

PT J
AU Oppel, S
   Powell, AN
AF Oppel, Steffen
   Powell, Abby N.
TI Does winter region affect spring arrival time and body mass of king
   eiders in northern Alaska?
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; Carry-over effect; King eider; Migration; Stable isotopes;
   Winter region
ID BERING-SEA; BREEDING GROUNDS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; COMMON
   EIDERS; SPECTACLED EIDERS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; SNOW GEESE; PACK ICE;
   POPULATION
AB Events during the non-breeding season may affect the body condition of migratory birds and influence performance during the following breeding season. Migratory birds nesting in the Arctic often rely on endogenous nutrients for reproductive efforts, and are thus potentially subject to such carry-over effects. We tested whether king eider (Somateria spectabilis) arrival time and body mass upon arrival at breeding grounds in northern Alaska were affected by their choice of a winter region in the Bering Sea. We captured birds shortly after arrival on breeding grounds in early June 2002-2006 at two sites in northern Alaska and determined the region in which individuals wintered using satellite telemetry or stable isotope ratios of head feathers. We used generalized linear models to assess whether winter region explained variation in arrival body mass among individuals by accounting for sex, site, annual variation, and the date a bird was captured. We found no support for our hypothesis that either arrival time or arrival body mass of king eiders differed among winter regions. We conclude that wintering in different regions in the Bering Sea is unlikely to have reproductive consequences for king eiders in our study areas.
C1 [Oppel, Steffen] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Powell, Abby N.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Oppel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 211 Irving 1, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM steffen.oppel@gmail.com
OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X; Oppel, Steffen/0000-0002-8220-3789
NR 56
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 32
IS 8
BP 1203
EP 1209
DI 10.1007/s00300-009-0618-1
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 481DP
UT WOS:000268787700011
ER

PT J
AU Thomas, RJ
   De Waele, B
   Schofield, DI
   Goodenough, KM
   Horstwood, M
   Tucker, R
   Bauer, W
   Annells, R
   Howard, K
   Walsh, G
   Rabarimanana, M
   Rafahatelo, JM
   Ralison, AV
   Randriamananjara, T
AF Thomas, R. J.
   De Waele, B.
   Schofield, D. I.
   Goodenough, K. M.
   Horstwood, M.
   Tucker, R.
   Bauer, W.
   Annells, R.
   Howard, K.
   Walsh, G.
   Rabarimanana, M.
   Rafahatelo, J. M.
   Ralison, A. V.
   Randriamananjara, T.
TI Geological evolution of the Neoproterozoic Bemarivo Belt, northern
   Madagascar
SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Madagascar; Bemarivo; Neoproterozoic; Gondwana; Geochronology
ID MC-ICP-MS; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; GEOCHRONOLOGY;
   GONDWANA; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; AGE; SEYCHELLES; PROVENANCE; HISTORY
AB The broadly east-west trending, Late Neoproterozoic Bemarivo Belt in northern Madagascar has been re-surveyed at 1: 100 000 scale as part of a large multi-disciplinary World Bank-sponsored project. The work included acquisition of 14 U-Pb zircon dates and whole-rock major and trace element geochemical data of representative rocks. The belt has previously been modelled as a juvenile Neoproterozoic arc and our findings broadly support that model. The integrated datasets indicate that the Bemarivo Belt is separated by a major ductile shear zone into northern and southern "terranes", each with different lithostratigraphy and ages. However, both formed as Neoproterozoic arc/marginal basin assemblages that were translated southwards over the north-south trending domains of "cratonic" Madagascar, during the main collisional phase of the East African Orogeny at ca. 540 Ma. The older, southern terrane consists of a sequence of high-grade paragneisses (Sahantaha Group), which were derived from a Palaeoproterozoic source and formed a marginal sequence to the Archaean cratons to the south. These rocks are intruded by an extensive suite of arc-generated metamorphosed plutonic rocks, known as the Antsirabe Nord Suite. Four samples from this suite yielded U-Pb SHRIMP ages at ca. 750 Ma. The northern terrane consists of three groups of metamorphosed supracrustal rocks, including a possible Archaean sequence (Betsiaka Group: maximum depositional age approximately 2477 Ma) and two volcano-sedimentary sequences (high-grade Milanoa Group: maximum depositional age approximately 750 Ma; low grade Daraina Group: extrusive age = 720-740 Ma). These supracrustal rocks are intruded by another suite of arc-generated metamorphosed plutonic rocks, known as the Manambato Suite, 4 samples of which gave U-Pb SHRIMP ages between 705 and 718 Ma.
   Whole-rock geochemical data confirm the calc-alkaline, arc-related nature of the plutonic rocks. The volcanic rocks of the Daraina and Milanoa groups also show characteristics of arc-related magmatism, but include both calc-alkaline and tholeiitic compositions. It is not certain when the two Bemarivo terranes were juxtaposed, but ages from metamorphic rims on zircon suggest that both the northern and southern terranes were accreted to the northern cratonic margin of Madagascar at about 540-530 Ma. Terrane accretion included the assembly of the Archaean Antongil and Antananarivo cratons and the high-grade Neoproterozoic Anaboriana Belt. Late- to post-tectonic granitoids of the Maevarano Suite, the youngest plutons of which gave ca. 520 Ma ages, intrude all terranes in northern Madagascar showing that terrane accretion was completed by this time. (C) 2009 Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Goodenough, K. M.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Thomas, R. J.; De Waele, B.; Schofield, D. I.; Bauer, W.; Annells, R.] British Geol Survey, Kingsley Dunham Ctr, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England.
   [Horstwood, M.] NERC, Isotope Geosci Lab, Kingsley Dunham Ctr, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England.
   [Tucker, R.; Howard, K.; Walsh, G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA.
   [Rabarimanana, M.; Rafahatelo, J. M.; Ralison, A. V.; Randriamananjara, T.] Projet Gouvernance Ressources Minerales, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
RP Goodenough, KM (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM kmgo@bgs.ac.uk
RI Goodenough, Kathryn/E-8469-2014; 
OI Goodenough, Kathryn/0000-0001-5912-4831; Schofield,
   David/0000-0002-2669-5627; Horstwood, Matthew/0000-0003-4200-8193
FU Australian Research Council
FX The authors wish to thank the many BGS, USGS and Malagasy colleagues who
   were members of the field mapping and sampling teams during the field
   seasons in 2005, 6 and 7. BGS authors thank the Executive Director of
   BGS (NERC) for permission to publish. The Perth Consortium SHRIMP
   facilities at the John de Laeter Center for Mass Spectrometry (Curtin
   University of Technology) are funded by the Australian Research Council.
   The authors are grateful to Paul Macey and an anonymous referee for
   thorough reviews which materially improved this paper.
NR 60
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-9268
J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES
JI Precambrian Res.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 172
IS 3-4
BP 279
EP 300
DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2009.04.008
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 486HO
UT WOS:000269187100005
ER

PT J
AU Arnold, LJ
   Roberts, RG
   Galbraith, RF
   DeLong, SB
AF Arnold, L. J.
   Roberts, R. G.
   Galbraith, R. F.
   DeLong, S. B.
TI A revised burial dose estimation procedure for optical dating of young
   and modern-age sediments
SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Optically stimulated luminescence dating; Single-grain; Un-logged age
   models; Minimum age model; Fluvial sediments; Arroyo
ID JINMIUM ROCK SHELTER; STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; SINGLE GRAINS;
   SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT; STATISTICAL-MODELS;
   NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; COSMIC-RAY; QUARTZ; DEPOSITS
AB The presence of genuinely zero-age or near-zero-age grains in modern-age and very young samples poses a problem for many existing burial dose estimation procedures used in optical (optically stimulated luminescence, OSL) dating. This difficulty currently necessitates consideration of relatively simplistic and statistically inferior age models. In this study, we investigate the potential for using modified versions of the statistical age models of Galbraith et al. [Galbraith, R.F., Roberts, R.G., Laslett, G.M., Yoshida, H., Olley, J.M., 1999. Optical dating of single and multiple grains of quartz from Jinmium rock shelter, northern Australia: Part I, experimental design and statistical models. Archaeometry 41, 339-364.] to provide reliable equivalent dose (D-e) estimates for young and modern-age samples that display negative, zero or near-zero D-e estimates. For this purpose, we have revised the original versions of the central and minimum age models, which are based on log-transformed D-e values, so that they can be applied to un-logged D-e estimates and their associated absolute standard errors. The suitability of these 'un-logged' age models is tested using a series of known-age fluvial samples deposited within two arroyo systems from the American Southwest. The un-logged age models provide accurate burial doses and final OSL ages for roughly three-quarters of the total number of samples considered in this study. Sensitivity tests reveal that the un-logged versions of the central and minimum age models are capable of producing accurate burial dose estimates for modern-age and very young (<350 yr) fluvial samples that contain (i) more than 20% of well-bleached grains in their D-e distributions, or (ii) smaller sub-populations of well-bleached grains for which the D-e values are known with high precision. Our results indicate that the original (log-transformed) versions of the central and minimum age models are still preferable for most routine dating applications, since these age models are better suited to the statistical properties of typical single-grain and multi-grain single-aliquot D-e datasets. However, the unique error properties of modernage samples, combined with the problems of calculating natural logarithms of negative or zero-Gy D-e values, mean that the un-logged versions of the central and minimum age models currently offer the most suitable means of deriving accurate burial dose estimates for very young and modern-age samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Arnold, L. J.; Roberts, R. G.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
   [Galbraith, R. F.] UCL, Dept Stat Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   [DeLong, S. B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Arnold, LJ (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
EM larnold@uow.edu.au
RI Roberts, Richard/B-8245-2013; 
OI Roberts, Richard/0000-0002-0128-4119; Arnold, Lee/0000-0001-9603-3824;
   DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172
FU Australian Research Council Post-doctoral Fellowship [DP0878604];
   Australian Research Council Professorial Fellowship [DP0880675]
FX The un-logged versions of the MAM-3 and MAM-4 used in this study were
   written in S-Plus 4.0 and are available from the corresponding author
   upon request. We offer these scripts as freeware but accept no liability
   or support for their independent use. This research was supported by an
   Australian Research Council Post-doctoral Fellowship (DP0878604) awarded
   to LJ.A. and an Australian Research Council Professorial Fellowship
   (DP0880675) awarded to R.G.R. LJ.A. is grateful to C.V. Haynes for his
   guidance and kind assistance in collecting OSL samples from Murray
   Springs during 2002.
NR 59
TC 76
Z9 77
U1 3
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1871-1014
EI 1878-0350
J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL
JI Quat. Geochronol.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 4
IS 4
BP 306
EP 325
DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2009.02.017
PG 20
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 460PA
UT WOS:000267198400005
ER

PT J
AU Horton, BP
   Peltier, WR
   Culver, SJ
   Drummond, R
   Engelhart, SE
   Kemp, AC
   Mallinson, D
   Thieler, ER
   Riggs, SR
   Ames, DV
   Thomson, KH
AF Horton, B. P.
   Peltier, W. R.
   Culver, S. J.
   Drummond, R.
   Engelhart, S. E.
   Kemp, A. C.
   Mallinson, D.
   Thieler, E. R.
   Riggs, S. R.
   Ames, D. V.
   Thomson, K. H.
TI Holocene sea-level changes along the North Carolina Coastline and their
   implications for glacial isostatic adjustment models
SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Biennial Meeting of the American-Quaternary-Association
CY JUN, 2008
CL Pennsylvania State Univ, University Pk, PA
SP Amer Quaternary Assoc, UNESCO Int Goesci Programme
HO Pennsylvania State Univ
ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; CAL KYR BP; ROTATING EARTH; OUTER-BANKS;
   ICE-SHEET; ALBEMARLE EMBAYMENT; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; C-13/C-12 RATIOS;
   GREAT-BRITAIN; INNER SHELF
AB We have synthesized new and existing relative sea-level (RSL) data to produce a quality-controlled, spatially comprehensive database from the North Carolina coastline. The RSL database consists of 54 sea-level index points that are quantitatively related to an appropriate tide level and assigned an error estimate, and a further 33 limiting dates that confine the maximum and minimum elevations of RSL The temporal distribution of the index points is very uneven with only five index points older than 4000 cal a BP, but the form of the Holocene sea-level trend is constrained by both terrestrial and marine limiting dates. The data illustrate RSL rapidly rising during the early and mid Holocene from an observed elevation of -35.7 +/- 1.1 m MSL at 11062-10576 cal a BP to -4.2 m +/- 0.4 m MSL at 4240-3592 cal a BP. We restricted comparisons between observations and predictions from the ICE-5G(VM2) with rotational feedback Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) model to the Late Holocene RSL (last 4000 cal a BP) because of the wealth of sea-level data during this time interval. The ICE-5G(VM2) model predicts significant spatial variations in RSL across North Carolina, thus we subdivided the observations into two regions. The model forecasts an increase in the rate of sea-level rise in Region 1 (Albemarle, Currituck, Roanoke, Croatan, and northern Pamlico sounds) compared to Region 2 (southern Pamlico, Core and Bogue sounds, and farther south to Wilmington). The observations show Late Holocene sea-level rising at 1.14 +/- 0.03 mm year(-1) and 0.82 +/- 0.02 mm year(-1) in Regions 1 and 2, respectively. The ICE-5G(VM2) predictions capture the general temporal trend of the observations, although there is an apparent misfit for index points older than 2000 cal a BR It is presently unknown whether these misfits are caused by possible tectonic uplift associated with the mid-Carolina Platform High or a flaw in the CIA model. A comparison of local tide gauge data with the Late Holocene RSL trends from Regions 1 and 2 support the spatial variation in RSL across North Carolina, and imply an additional increase of mean sea level of greater than 2 mm year(-1) during the latter half of the 20th century; this is in general agreement with historical tide gauge and satellite altimetry data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Horton, B. P.; Engelhart, S. E.; Kemp, A. C.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Peltier, W. R.; Drummond, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
   [Culver, S. J.; Mallinson, D.; Riggs, S. R.; Ames, D. V.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
   [Thieler, E. R.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Thomson, K. H.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
RP Horton, BP (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM bphorton@sas.upenn.edu
RI Engelhart, Simon/A-2501-2008; Peltier, William/A-1102-2008; 
OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717; Engelhart, Simon/0000-0002-4431-4664
NR 108
TC 46
Z9 47
U1 2
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0277-3791
J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV
JI Quat. Sci. Rev.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 17-18
BP 1725
EP 1736
DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.002
PG 12
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 484ZD
UT WOS:000269088900012
ER

PT J
AU Kirwan, M
   Temmerman, S
AF Kirwan, Matthew
   Temmerman, Stijn
TI Coastal marsh response to historical and future sea-level acceleration
SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Biennial Meeting of the American-Quaternary-Association
CY JUN, 2008
CL Pennsylvania State Univ, University Pk, PA
SP Amer Quaternary Assoc, UNESCO Int Goesci Programme
HO Pennsylvania State Univ
ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA;
   CHESAPEAKE BAY; RISE; GROWTH; MODEL; EVOLUTION; SURVIVAL; EROSION
AB We consider the response of marshland to accelerations in the rate of sea-level rise by utilizing two previously described numerical models of marsh elevation. In a model designed for the Scheldt Estuary (Belgium-SW Netherlands), a feedback between inundation depth and suspended sediment concentrations allows marshes to quickly adjust their elevation to a change in sea-level rise rate. In a model designed for the North Inlet Estuary (South Carolina), a feedback between inundation and vegetation growth allows similar adjustment. Although the models differ in their approach, we find that they predict surprisingly similar responses to sea-level change. Marsh elevations adjust to a step change in the rate of sea-level rise in about 100 years. In the case of a continuous acceleration in the rate of sea-level rise, modeled accretion rates lag behind sea-level rise rates by about 20 years, and never obtain equilibrium. Regardless of the style of acceleration, the models predict approximately 6-14 cm of marsh submergence in response to historical sea-level acceleration, and 3-4 cm of marsh submergence in response to a projected scenario of sea-level rise over the next century. While marshes already low in the tidal frame would be susceptible to these depth changes, our modeling results suggest that factors other than historical sea-level acceleration are more important for observations of degradation in most marshes today. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kirwan, Matthew] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
   [Temmerman, Stijn] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
RP Kirwan, M (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, US Geol Survey, POB 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM mkirwan@usgs.gov; stijn.temmerman@ua.ac.be
RI Kirwan, Matthew/F-1806-2011; Temmerman, Stijn/C-5521-2009
NR 57
TC 61
Z9 64
U1 1
U2 49
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0277-3791
J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV
JI Quat. Sci. Rev.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 17-18
SI SI
BP 1801
EP 1808
DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.022
PG 8
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 484ZD
UT WOS:000269088900018
ER

PT J
AU Vogelmann, JE
   Tolk, B
   Zhu, ZL
AF Vogelmann, James E.
   Tolk, Brian
   Zhu, Zhiliang
TI Monitoring forest changes in the southwestern United States using
   multitemporal Landsat data
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Forest change; Time series; Landsat
ID DROUGHT; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; MORTALITY; DAMAGE; POPULATIONS; REGION;
   ETM+; TM
AB Landsat time series data sets were acquired for the Santa Fe National Forest in New Mexico. This area includes the San Pedro Parks Wilderness area, which was designated as an official wilderness in 1964. Eight autumnal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TMI) scenes acquired from 1988 to 2006 were analyzed to determine whether significant changes have occurred throughout the region during the past 18 years and, if so, to assess whether the changes are long-term and gradual or short-term and abrupt. It was found that, starting in about 1995, many of the conifer stands within the Wilderness area showed consistently gradual and marked increases in the Shortwave Infrared/Near Infrared Index. These trends generally imply decreases in canopy greenness or increases in mortality. Other high-elevation conifer forests located outside of the Wilderness area showed similar spectral trends, indicating that changes are potentially widespread. The spatial patterns of forest damage as inferred from the image analyses were very similar to the general patterns of insect defoliation damage mapped via aerial sketch mapping by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring Program. A field visit indicated that zones of spectral change are associated with high levels of forest damage and mortality, likely caused by a combination of insects and drought. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using historical Landsat data for providing objective and consistent long-term assessments of the gradual ecosystem changes that are occurring within the western United States. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Vogelmann, James E.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
   [Tolk, Brian] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
   [Zhu, Zhiliang] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Vogelmann, JE (reprint author), USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM vogel@usgs.gov
OI Vogelmann, James/0000-0002-0804-5823
NR 31
TC 70
Z9 74
U1 7
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 8
BP 1739
EP 1748
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.04.014
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 460CR
UT WOS:000267163200014
ER

PT J
AU Olea, RA
   Pawlowsky-Glahn, V
AF Olea, Ricardo A.
   Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera
TI Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for spatially correlated data
SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Probability distribution; Statistic; Test; Bootstrap; Simulated
   annealing
ID DECLUSTERING WEIGHTS; HISTOGRAM; INFERENCE; NORMALITY
AB The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is a convenient method for investigating whether two underlying univariate probability distributions can be regarded as undistinguishable from each other or whether an underlying probability distribution differs from a hypothesized distribution. Application of the test requires that the sample be unbiased and the outcomes be independent and identically distributed, conditions that are violated in several degrees by spatially continuous attributes, such as topographical elevation. A generalized form of the bootstrap method is used here for the purpose of modeling the distribution of the statistic D of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The innovation is in the resampling, which in the traditional formulation of bootstrap is done by drawing from the empirical sample with replacement presuming independence. The generalization consists of preparing resamplings with the same spatial correlation as the empirical sample. This is accomplished by reading the value of unconditional stochastic realizations at the sampling locations, realizations that are generated by simulated annealing. The new approach was tested by two empirical samples taken from an exhaustive sample closely following a lognormal distribution. One sample was a regular, unbiased sample while the other one was a clustered, preferential sample that had to be preprocessed. Our results show that the p-value for the spatially correlated case is always larger that the p-value of the statistic in the absence of spatial correlation, which is in agreement with the fact that the information content of an uncorrelated sample is larger than the one for a spatially correlated sample of the same size.
C1 [Olea, Ricardo A.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera] Univ Girona, Dept Informat & Matemat Aplicada, Girona 17071, Spain.
RP Olea, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM olea@usgs.gov; vera.pawlowsky@udg.edu
RI Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera/B-6569-2009
OI Pawlowsky-Glahn, Vera/0000-0001-9775-6434
NR 24
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1436-3240
EI 1436-3259
J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A
JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 6
BP 749
EP 757
DI 10.1007/s00477-008-0255-1
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences;
   Statistics & Probability; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water
   Resources
GA 461UV
UT WOS:000267298600005
ER

PT J
AU Kelley, SW
AF Kelley, Samuel W.
TI MIXED INFECTIONS OF NASOPHARYNGEAL BOTS, CEPHENEMYIA SPP. (OESTRIDAE) IN
   WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) AND MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS
   HEMIONUS) OF TEXAS
SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB Cephenemyia spp. are widespread oestrid flies whose larvae parasitize various cervid hosts, yet attempts to pathologize their significance as well as delineate their taxonomy, dispersal potential, and distribution remain ambiguous. This report provides new records of mixed Cephenemyia spp. infections in both mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in west and north-central Texas, including C. jellisoni, C. phobifer, and C. pratti, thereby filling a substantial void in previous southern distribution reports. Possible ecological and pathological implications are discussed including the need for a taxonomic review of the genus Cephenemyia plus dispersal, hybridization, and vector potential for chronic wasting disease in cervid hosts.
C1 US Geol Survey, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA.
RP Kelley, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wichita Falls, TX 76308 USA.
EM skelley@usgs.gov
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 10
PU TEXAS ACAD SCI
PI KERRVILLE
PA CMB 6252, SCHREINER UNIV, KERRVILLE, TX 78028-5697 USA
SN 0040-4403
J9 TEX J SCI
JI Tex. J. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 61
IS 3
BP 187
EP 194
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 637YG
UT WOS:000280854000003
ER

PT J
AU Niswonger, RG
   Prudic, DE
AF Niswonger, R. G.
   Prudic, D. E.
TI Comment on "Evaluating Interactions between Groundwater and Vadose Zone
   Using the HYDRUS-Based Flow Package for MODFLOW" by Navin Kumar C.
   Twarakavi, Jirka Simunek, and Sophia Seo
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Niswonger, R. G.; Prudic, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA.
RP Niswonger, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV USA.
EM rniswon@usgs.gov
NR 5
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 10
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 8
IS 3
BP 818
EP 819
DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0155
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 482GE
UT WOS:000268871900029
ER

PT J
AU Chiu, YC
   Sun, NZ
   Nishikawa, T
   Yeh, WWG
AF Chiu, Yung-Chia
   Sun, Ne-Zheng
   Nishikawa, Tracy
   Yeh, William W. -G.
TI Development of an objective-oriented groundwater model for
   conjunctive-use planning of surface water and groundwater
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID PARAMETER STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION; MONITORING NETWORK DESIGN; INVERSE
   PROBLEM; OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; TRANSPORT; PREDICTIONS; HYDROLOGY;
   DIMENSION; SYSTEMS
AB In this paper we construct an objective-oriented model for conjunctive-use planning of surface water and groundwater for the Warren groundwater basin in southern California. The goal of conjunctive-use planning is to decrease high-nitrate concentration while maintaining groundwater levels at desired elevations and meeting water demand. We formulate a management problem that minimizes the total cost over the proper choices of the time-varying pumping and recharge rates at prespecified wells and surface ponds. To make the solution of the management problem reliable, we must have an accurate simulation model to predict groundwater level and nitrate concentration distributions under different management alternatives. The objective-oriented model construction approach seeks a representative parameter that has the simplest structure and requires the minimum data for identification but can produce reliable results for a given model application. With the data from the Warren groundwater basin, we show how to incorporate management objectives into the construction of an objective-oriented model, identify the parameter structure and its corresponding parameter values, solve the generalized inverse problem effectively by finding the worst-case parameter (WCP), evaluate the sufficiency of existing data, and find a robust experiment design when the existing data are insufficient. Results of this case study show that the presented methodology is useful in practice because (1) data sufficiency can be judged before conducting actual field experiments and (2) the identified WCP drastically reduces the computation time for constructing an objective-oriented model.
C1 [Chiu, Yung-Chia; Sun, Ne-Zheng; Yeh, William W. -G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Nishikawa, Tracy] US Geol Survey, San Diego Project Off, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
   [Sun, Ne-Zheng] Shandong Univ, Sch Civil & Hydrol Engn, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China.
RP Chiu, YC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731-5732 Boelter Hall,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM williamy@seas.ucla.edu
RI Sun, Nezheng/B-9977-2011
FU NSF [EAR-0336952]; USGS [05HQGR0161]
FX This material is based on work supported by NSF under award EAR-0336952
   and USGS under grant 05HQGR0161. We would like to thank three anonymous
   reviewers and the Associate Editor for their in-depth and constructive
   reviews.
NR 45
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUL 31
PY 2009
VL 45
AR W00B17
DI 10.1029/2007WR006662
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 479BN
UT WOS:000268633900001
ER

PT J
AU Tuttle, MLW
   Breit, GN
   Cozzarelli, IM
AF Tuttle, Michele L. W.
   Breit, George N.
   Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.
TI Processes affecting delta S-34 and delta O-18 values of dissolved
   sulfate in alluvium along the Canadian River, central Oklahoma, USA
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alluvial aquifer; delta S-34 sulfate; delta O-18 sulfate; Bacterial
   sulfate reduction; Sulfate isotope fractionation; Oxygen isotope
   exchange
ID SULFUR ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER;
   LANDFILL LEACHATE; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; GROUNDWATER SYSTEM; SULFIDE
   OXIDATION; CHALK AQUIFER; WATER; PYRITE
AB The delta S-34 and delta O-18 values for dissolved sulfate in groundwater are commonly used in aquifer studies to identify sulfate reservoirs and describe biogeochemical processes. The utility of these data, however, often is compromised by mixing of sulfate sources within reservoirs and isotope fractionation during sulfur redox cycling. Our study shows that, after all potential sulfate sources are identified and isotopically characterized, the delta S-34(SO4) and delta O-18(SO4) values differentiate processes such as sulfate-source mixing, sulfide oxidation, barite dissolution, and organosulfur decomposition. During bacterial reduction of sulfate, the values reflect kinetic sulfur isotope fractionation and exchange of oxygen isotopes between sulfate and water. Detailed analysis of the chemistry (Cl and SO4 concentrations) and isotopic composition (delta H-2(H2O) and delta O-18(H2O)) of groundwater in an alluvial aquifer in Central Oklahoma, USA allowed the identification of five distinct end members that supply water to the aquifer (regional groundwater flowing into the study area, river water, leachate from a closed landfill that operated within the site, rain, and surface runoff). The delta S-34(SO4) and delta O-18(SO4) values in each end member differentiated three sources of sulfate: sulfate dissolved from Early to Late Permian rocks within the drainage basin (delta S-34(SO4) = 8-12 parts per thousand and delta O-18(SO4) = 10 parts per thousand), iron sulfides oxidized by molecular oxygen during low water-table levels (delta S-34(SO4) = -16 parts per thousand and delta O-18(SO4) = 10 parts per thousand), and organosulfur compounds (predominately ester sulfates) from decomposition of vegetation on the surface and from landfill trash buried in the alluvium (delta S-34(SO4) = 8 parts per thousand and delta O-18(SO4) = 6 parts per thousand). During bacterial reduction of these sulfate sources, similar isotope fractionation processes are recorded in the parallel trends of increasing delta S-34(SO4) and delta O-18(SO4) values. When extensive reduction occurs, the kinetic sulfur isotope fractionation (estimated by epsilon(H2S-SO4) = -23 parts per thousand) results in the steady increase of delta S-34(SO4) values to greater than 70 parts per thousand. Equilibrium isotope fractionation during exchange of sulfate oxygen and water oxygen, a process not commonly observed in field-based studies, is documented in delta O-18(SO4) values asymptotically approaching 21 parts per thousand, the value predicted for conditions at the study site (epsilon(SO4-H2O) = 27 parts per thousand). These results show that recognition of all potential sulfate sources is a critical first step to resolving complexities in delta S-34(SO4) and delta O-18(SO4) data. The approach taken in this study can be used in other aquifer systems where the identification of multiple sulfate sources and sulfur redox cycling is important to understanding natural processes and anthropogenic influences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80215 USA.
   US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Tuttle, MLW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mtuttle@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX The Toxic Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey
   funded this study. The authors thank Scott Christensen and Dale Ferree
   for their logistical support in the field; Jeanne Jaeschke, Cyrus Berry,
   Cayce Gulbransen, and Cyndi Kester for chemical and isotopic analyses.
   This manuscript benefited greatly from discussions with Scott
   Christensen and Martha Scholl, and thoughtful reviews by Craig Johnson,
   Phil Verplanck, Simon Bottrell, and one anonymous reviewer.
NR 85
TC 30
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD JUL 30
PY 2009
VL 265
IS 3-4
BP 455
EP 467
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.009
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 483IY
UT WOS:000268958800019
ER

PT J
AU Hoos, AB
   McMahon, G
AF Hoos, Anne B.
   McMahon, Gerard
TI Spatial analysis of instream nitrogen loads and factors controlling
   nitrogen delivery to streams in the southeastern United States using
   spatially referenced regression on watershed attributes (SPARROW) and
   regional classification frameworks
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE nutrients; total nitrogen; spatially referenced regression; watershed
   models; landscape attenuation
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; ECOLOGICAL REGIONS; AQUATIC
   ECOSYSTEMS; SCALE; DENITRIFICATION; TRANSPORT; BUDGETS; FLUXES; MODEL
AB Understanding how nitrogen transport across the landscape varies with landscape characteristics is important for developing sound nitrogen management policies. We used a spatially referenced regression analysis (SPARROW) to examine landscape characteristics influencing delivery of nitrogen from sources in a watershed to stream channels. Modelled landscape delivery ratio varies widely (by a factor of 4) among watersheds in the Southeastern United States-higher in the western part (Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi) than in the eastern part, and the average value for the region is lower compared to other parts of the nation. When we model landscape delivery ratio as a continuous function of local-scale landscape characteristics, we estimate a spatial pattern that varies as a function of soil and climate characteristics but exhibits spatial structure in residuals (observed load minus predicted load). The spatial pattern of modelled landscape delivery ratio and the spatial pattern of residuals coincide spatially with Level III ecoregions and also with hydrologic landscape regions. Subsequent incorporation into the model of these frameworks as regional scale variables improves estimation of landscape delivery ratio, evidenced by reduced spatial bias in residuals, and suggests that cross-scale processes affect nitrogen attenuation on the landscape. The model-fitted coefficient values are logically consistent with the hypothesis that broad-scale classifications of hydrologic response help to explain differential rates of nitrogen attenuation, controlling for local-scale landscape characteristics. Negative model coefficients for hydrologic landscape regions where the primary flow path is shallow ground water suggest that a lower fraction of nitrogen mass will be delivered to streams this relation is reversed for regions where the primary flow path is overland flow. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Hoos, Anne B.] US Geol Survey, Nashville, TN 37211 USA.
   [McMahon, Gerard] US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC USA.
RP Hoos, AB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 640 Grassmere Pk,Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37211 USA.
EM abhoos@usgs.gov
OI Hoos, Anne/0000-0001-9845-7831
FU National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the US Geological
   Survey
FX We are grateful to David Wolock, Gregory Schwarz, Jerad Bales, and
   William Wolfe of the US Geological Survey and two anonymous reviewers
   for their comments and suggestions on the manuscript. This work was
   supported by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of
   the US Geological Survey.
NR 47
TC 46
Z9 48
U1 2
U2 24
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0885-6087
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD JUL 30
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 16
BP 2275
EP 2294
DI 10.1002/hyp.7323
PG 20
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 479YB
UT WOS:000268697000001
ER

PT J
AU Slater, LD
   Day-Lewis, FD
   Ntarlagiannis, D
   O'Brien, M
   Yee, N
AF Slater, L. D.
   Day-Lewis, F. D.
   Ntarlagiannis, D.
   O'Brien, M.
   Yee, N.
TI Geoelectrical measurement and modeling of biogeochemical breakthrough
   behavior during microbial activity
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We recorded bulk electrical conductivity (sigma(b)) along a soil column during microbially-mediated selenite oxyanion reduction. Effluent fluid electrical conductivity and early time sigma(b) were modeled according to classic advective-dispersive transport of the nutrient medium. However, sigma(b) along the column exhibited strongly bimodal breakthrough which cannot be explained by changes in the electrical conductivity of the pore fluid. We model the anomalous breakthrough by adding a conduction path in parallel with the fluid phase, with a time dependence described by a microbial population-dynamics model. We incorporate a delay time to show that breakthrough curves along the column satisfy the same growth model parameters and offer a possible explanation based on biomass-limited growth that is delayed with distance from influent of the nutrient medium. Although the mechanism causing conductivity enhancement in the presence of biomass is uncertain, our results strongly suggest that biogeochemical breakthrough curves have been captured in geoelectrical datasets. Citation: Slater, L. D., F. D. Day-Lewis, D. Ntarlagiannis, M. O'Brien, and N. Yee (2009), Geoelectrical measurement and modeling of biogeochemical breakthrough behavior during microbial activity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14402, doi:10.1029/2009GL038695.
C1 [Day-Lewis, F. D.] USGS, Branch Geophys, Off Groundwater, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
   [Yee, N.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
   [Slater, L. D.; Ntarlagiannis, D.; O'Brien, M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
RP Slater, LD (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
EM lslater@andromeda.rutgers.edu
OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0433729]; USGS Toxic Substances
   Hydrology Program
FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science
   Foundation under grant EAR-0433729, with additional support from the
   USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank Chi Zhang
   (Rutgers-Newark) for valuable assistance in laboratory work. We thank
   Sue Brantley (Pennsylvania State University) for enlightening
   discussions at the AGU Chapman Conference on Biogeophysics, Portland,
   Maine, Oct. 13-16, 2008. We also thank Burke Minsley and Rory Henderson
   for constructive comments that improved this manuscript.
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUL 28
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L14402
DI 10.1029/2009GL038695
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 479AM
UT WOS:000268631100002
ER

PT J
AU Leache, AD
   Koo, MS
   Spencer, CL
   Papenfuss, TJ
   Fisher, RN
   McGuire, JA
AF Leache, Adam D.
   Koo, Michelle S.
   Spencer, Carol L.
   Papenfuss, Theodore J.
   Fisher, Robert N.
   McGuire, Jimmy A.
TI Quantifying ecological, morphological, and genetic variation to delimit
   species in the coast horned lizard species complex (Phrynosoma)
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE evolution; geometric morphometrics; niche modeling; phylogeography;
   speciation
ID PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; MIXED MODELS; CALIFORNIA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY;
   EVOLUTIONARY; CORONATUM; TREES; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATISM; NETWORKS
AB Lineage separation and divergence form a temporally extended process whereby populations may diverge genetically, morphologically, or ecologically, and these contingent properties of species provide the operational criteria necessary for species delimitation. We inferred the historical process of lineage formation in the coast horned lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum) species complex by evaluating a diversity of operational species criteria, including divergence in mtDNA (98 specimens; 2,781 bp) and nuclear loci (RAG-1, 1,054 bp; BDNF 529 bp), ecological niches (11 bioclimatic variables; 285 unique localities), and cranial horn shapes (493 specimens; 16 landmarks). A phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA recovers 5 phylogeographic groups arranged latitudinally along the Baja California Peninsula and in California. The 2 southern phylogeographic groups exhibit concordance between genetic, morphological, and ecological divergence; however, differentiation is weak or absent at more recent levels defined by phylogeographic breaks in California. Interpreting these operational species criteria together suggests that there are 3 ecologically divergent and morphologically diagnosable species within the P. coronatum complex. Our 3-species taxonomic hypothesis invokes a deep coalescence event when fitting the mtDNA genealogy into the species tree, which is not unexpected for populations that have diverged recently. Although the hypothesis that the 3 phylogeographic groups distributed across California each represent distinctive species is not supported by all of the operational species criteria evaluated in this study, the conservation status of the imperiled populations represented by these genealogical units remains critical.
C1 [Leache, Adam D.; Koo, Michelle S.; Spencer, Carol L.; Papenfuss, Theodore J.; McGuire, Jimmy A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Fisher, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA.
RP Leache, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM aleache@ucdavis.edu
RI Munguia-Vega, Adrian/G-8417-2012
NR 60
TC 97
Z9 100
U1 4
U2 58
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD JUL 28
PY 2009
VL 106
IS 30
BP 12418
EP 12423
DI 10.1073/pnas.0906380106
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 476KV
UT WOS:000268440200040
PM 19625623
ER

PT J
AU Griffiths, PG
   Magirl, CS
   Webb, RH
   Pytlak, E
   Troch, PA
   Lyon, SW
AF Griffiths, Peter G.
   Magirl, Christopher S.
   Webb, Robert H.
   Pytlak, Erik
   Troch, Peter A.
   Lyon, Steve W.
TI Spatial distribution and frequency of precipitation during an extreme
   event: July 2006 mesoscale convective complexes and floods in
   southeastern Arizona
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN ITALIAN ALPS; FLASH-FLOOD; BIG THOMPSON; RAINFALL; RADAR; STORM;
   THUNDERSTORM; REGION
AB An extreme, multiday rainfall event over southeastern Arizona during 27-31 July 2006 caused record flooding and a historically unprecedented number of slope failures and debris flows in the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson. An unusual synoptic weather pattern induced repeated nocturnal mesoscale convective systems over southeastern Arizona for five continuous days, generating multiday rainfall totals up to 360 mm. Analysis of point rainfall and weather radar data yielded storm totals for the southern Santa Catalina Mountains at 754 grid cells approximately 1 km x 1 km in size. Precipitation intensity for the 31 July storms was not unusual for typical monsoonal precipitation in this region (recurrence interval (RI) < 1 year), but multiday rainfall where slope failures occurred had RI > 50 years and individual grid cells had RI exceeding 1000 years. The 31 July storms caused the watersheds to be essentially saturated following 4 days of rainfall.
C1 [Griffiths, Peter G.; Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
   [Lyon, Steve W.] Stockholm Univ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
   [Magirl, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
   [Pytlak, Erik] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
   [Troch, Peter A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Griffiths, PG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
EM pggriffi@usgs.gov
RI Lyon, Steve/B-6802-2009; 
OI Lyon, Steve/0000-0002-1137-648X; Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549
FU Pima County Regional Flood Control District; National Weather Service;
   U. S. Geological Survey
FX We thank NWS meteorologists Craig Shoemaker and Glenn Lader, whose
   poststorm documentation greatly aided the synoptic discussion. We also
   thank Jeffrey Kennedy of the U. S. Geological Survey, Evan Canfield of
   the Pima County Regional Flood Control District, and David Goodrich of
   the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service for
   reviewing the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the
   Pima County Regional Flood Control District, the National Weather
   Service, and the U. S. Geological Survey.
NR 46
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUL 23
PY 2009
VL 45
AR W07419
DI 10.1029/2008WR007380
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 475KS
UT WOS:000268358000003
ER

PT J
AU Perkins, K
   Nimmo, J
AF Perkins, Kim
   Nimmo, John
TI High-quality unsaturated zone hydraulic property data for hydrologic
   applications
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BULK-DENSITY;
   PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; NEURAL-NETWORKS; OVEN DRYNESS; CONDUCTIVITY;
   PREDICTION; SATURATION; EQUATION
AB In hydrologic studies, especially those using dynamic unsaturated zone moisture modeling, calculations based on property transfer models informed by hydraulic property databases are often used in lieu of measured data from the site of interest. Reliance on database-informed predicted values has become increasingly common with the use of neural networks. High-quality data are needed for databases used in this way and for theoretical and property transfer model development and testing. Hydraulic properties predicted on the basis of existing databases may be adequate in some applications but not others. An obvious problem occurs when the available database has few or no data for samples that are closely related to the medium of interest. The data set presented in this paper includes saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention, particle-size distributions, and bulk properties. All samples are minimally disturbed, all measurements were performed using the same state of the art techniques and the environments represented are diverse.
C1 [Perkins, Kim; Nimmo, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Perkins, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM kperkins@usgs.gov
FU USGS Groundwater Resources Program; USGS National Water Quality
   Assessment ( NAWQA) Program; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs;
   USGS Idaho National Laboratory Project Office in cooperation with the
   Department of Energy; USGS Department of the Interior Landscapes
   Initiative; U. S. Bureau of Reclamation; Washington County Water
   Conservancy District of Utah
FX Funding for the work that produced this data was provided by the USGS
   Groundwater Resources Program, USGS National Water Quality Assessment (
   NAWQA) Program, USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs, USGS Idaho
   National Laboratory Project Office in cooperation with the Department of
   Energy, USGS Department of the Interior Landscapes Initiative, U. S.
   Bureau of Reclamation, and Washington County Water Conservancy District
   of Utah.
NR 32
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUL 22
PY 2009
VL 45
AR W07417
DI 10.1029/2008WR007497
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 475KQ
UT WOS:000268357800002
ER

PT J
AU Statz-Boyer, P
   Thurber, C
   Pesicek, J
   Prejean, S
AF Statz-Boyer, Patrick
   Thurber, Clifford
   Pesicek, Jeremy
   Prejean, Stephanie
TI High precision relocation of earthquakes at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE volcano seismicity; waveform correlation; double-difference location
ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; HAYWARD FAULT; CALIFORNIA; BENEATH; SEISMICITY;
   ALGORITHM; SEQUENCE; ERUPTION; HAWAII; SWARMS
AB In August 1996, a period of elevated seismicity commenced beneath Iliamna Volcano, Alaska. This activity lasted until early 1997, consisted of over 3000 earthquakes, and was accompanied by elevated emissions of volcanic gases. No eruption occurred and seismicity returned to background levels where it has remained since. We use waveform alignment with bispectrum-verified cross-correlation and double-difference methods to relocate over 2000 earthquakes from 1996 to 2005 with high precision (similar to 100 m). The results of this analysis greatly clarify the distribution of seismic activity, revealing distinct features previously hidden by location scatter. A set of linear earthquake clusters diverges upward and southward from the main group of earthquakes. The events in these linear clusters show a clear southward migration with time. We suggest that these earthquakes represent either a response to degassing of the magma body, circulation of fluids due to exsolution from magma or heating of ground water, or possibly the intrusion of new dikes beneath Iliamna's southern flank. In addition, we speculate that the deeper, somewhat diffuse cluster of seismicity near and south of Iliamna's summit indicates the presence of an underlying magma body between about 2 and 4 km depth below sea level, based on similar features found previously at several other Alaskan volcanoes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Statz-Boyer, Patrick; Thurber, Clifford; Pesicek, Jeremy] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Prejean, Stephanie] Alaska Volcano Observ, USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Thurber, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM thurber@geology.wisc.edu
FU NSF [EAR-0409291]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the staff of the Alaska Volcano Observatory,
   especially Jim Dixon, for their long-term monitoring efforts and for
   providing access to their waveform archive. We thank Diana Roman and
   Jackie Caplan-Auerbach for reviews of an earlier version of this
   manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
   Numerous figures were generated using GMT (Wessel and Smith, 1991). This
   material was based on research supported by NSF grant EAR-0409291.
NR 35
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD JUL 20
PY 2009
VL 184
IS 3-4
BP 323
EP 332
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.04.016
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 477MB
UT WOS:000268522100007
ER

PT J
AU Jiao, Y
   Lapointe, NWR
   Angermeier, PL
   Murphy, BR
AF Jiao, Yan
   Lapointe, Nicolas W. R.
   Angermeier, Paul L.
   Murphy, Brian R.
TI Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of
   non-indigenous species: An example using northern snakehead (Channa
   argus)
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Hierarchical demographic approach; Non-indigenous species; Risk
   assessment; Northern snakehead
ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RISK; MODEL; MANAGEMENT;
   GROWTH; VARIABILITY; ELASTICITY; PARAMETERS; AMERICA
AB Models of species' demographic features are commonly used to understand population dynamics and inform management tactics. Hierarchical demographic models are ideal for the assessment of non-indigenous species because our knowledge of non-indigenous populations is usually limited, data on demographic traits often come from a species' native range, these traits vary among populations, and traits are likely to vary considerably over time as species adapt to new environments. Hierarchical models readily incorporate this spatiotemporal variation in species' demographic traits by representing demographic parameters as multi-level hierarchies. As is done for traditional non-hierarchical matrix models, sensitivity and elasticity analyses are used to evaluate the contributions of different life stages and parameters to estimates of population growth rate. We applied a hierarchical model to northern snakehead (Channa argus), a fish currently invading the eastern United States. We used a Monte Carlo approach to simulate uncertainties in the sensitivity and elasticity analyses and to project future population persistence under selected management tactics. We gathered key biological information on northern snakehead natural mortality, maturity and recruitment in its native Asian environment. We compared the model performance with and without hierarchy of parameters. Our results suggest that ignoring the hierarchy of parameters in demographic models may result in poor estimates of population size and growth and may lead to erroneous management advice. In our case, the hierarchy used multi-level distributions to simulate the heterogeneity of demographic parameters across different locations or situations. The probability that the northern snakehead population will increase and harm the native fauna is considerable. Our elasticity and prognostic analyses showed that intensive control efforts immediately prior to spawning and/or juvenile-dispersal periods would be more effective (and probably require less effort) than year-round control efforts. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering the hierarchy of parameters in estimating population growth rate and evaluating different management strategies for non-indigenous invasive species. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Jiao, Yan; Lapointe, Nicolas W. R.; Angermeier, Paul L.; Murphy, Brian R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Jiao, Y (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM yjiao@vt.edu
FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Hatch
   [0210510]; U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species Program
FX This project was supported in part by the USDA Cooperative State
   Research, Education and Extension Service, Hatch project #0210510 to
   Y.J. and by a grant from the U.S. Geological Survey Invasive Species
   Program to P.L.A. et al. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does
   not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 46
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 39
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD JUL 17
PY 2009
VL 220
IS 13-14
BP 1681
EP 1689
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.008
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 465LE
UT WOS:000267585300013
ER

PT J
AU Lee, MW
   Collett, TS
AF Lee, M. W.
   Collett, T. S.
TI Gas hydrate saturations estimated from fractured reservoir at Site
   NGHP-01-10, Krishna-Godavari Basin, India
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID NATURAL-GAS; SEDIMENTS
AB During the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (NGHP-01), one of the richest marine gas hydrate accumulations was discovered at Site NGHP-01-10 in the Krishna-Godavari Basin. The occurrence of concentrated gas hydrate at this site is primarily controlled by the presence of fractures. Assuming the resistivity of gas hydrate bearing sediments is isotropic, the conventional Archie analysis using the logging while drilling resistivity log yields gas hydrate saturations greater than 50% (as high as similar to 80%) of the pore space for the depth interval between similar to 25 and similar to 160 m below seafloor. On the other hand, gas hydrate saturations estimated from pressure cores from nearby wells were less than similar to 26% of the pore space. Although intrasite variability may contribute to the difference, the primary cause of the saturation difference is attributed to the anisotropic nature of the reservoir due to gas hydrate in high-angle fractures. Archie's law can be used to estimate gas hydrate saturations in anisotropic reservoir, with additional information such as elastic velocities to constrain Archie cementation parameters m and the saturation exponent n. Theory indicates that m and n depend on the direction of the measurement relative to fracture orientation, as well as depending on gas hydrate saturation. By using higher values of m and n in the resistivity analysis for fractured reservoirs, the difference between saturation estimates is significantly reduced, although a sizable difference remains. To better understand the nature of fractured reservoirs, wireline P and S wave velocities were also incorporated into the analysis.
C1 [Lee, M. W.; Collett, T. S.] US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Lee, MW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Energy Resources Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM mlee@usgs.gov
NR 33
TC 73
Z9 75
U1 6
U2 31
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD JUL 16
PY 2009
VL 114
AR B07102
DI 10.1029/2008JB006237
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 471YR
UT WOS:000268095000002
ER

PT J
AU Fulton, PM
   Saffer, DM
   Bekins, BA
AF Fulton, Patrick M.
   Saffer, Demian M.
   Bekins, Barbara A.
TI A critical evaluation of crustal dehydration as the cause of an
   overpressured and weak San Andreas Fault
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE San Andreas Fault; dehydration; metamorphism; overpressure; pore
   pressure; fault strength
ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FLUID-FLOW; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM;
   CONTINENTAL-CRUST; UNITED-STATES; HEAT-FLOW; ZONE; PRESSURE; COMPLEX;
   STRESS
AB Many plate boundary faults, including the San Andreas Fault, appear to slip at unexpectedly low shear stress. One long-standing explanation for a "weak" San Andreas Fault is that fluid release by dehydration reactions during regional metamorphism generates elevated fluid pressures that are localized within the fault, reducing the effective normal stress. We evaluate this hypothesis by calculating realistic fluid production rates for the San Andreas Fault system, and incorporating them into 2-D fluid flow models. Our results show that for a wide range of permeability distributions, fluid sources from crustal dehydration are too small and short-lived to generate, sustain, or localize fluid pressures in the fault sufficient to explain its apparent mechanical weakness. This suggests that alternative mechanisms, possibly acting locally within the fault zone, such as shear compaction or thermal pressurization, may be necessary to explain a weak San Andreas Fault. More generally, our results demonstrate the difficulty of localizing large fluid pressures generated by regional processes within near-vertical fault zones. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fulton, Patrick M.; Saffer, Demian M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Fulton, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM pfulton@coas.oregonstate.edu
OI Fulton, Patrick/0000-0002-6259-2369
FU NSF [EAR 0125189]
FX This project was supported by NSF Grant EAR 0125189 to Saffer and
   Bekins. We thank D. Andrews, S. Kirby, D. Moore, C. Neuzil, H. Savage,
   and J.Townend for helpful comments and reviews and C. Guzofski and K.
   Furlong for a digital version of their thermal model results.
NR 51
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 284
IS 3-4
BP 447
EP 454
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.009
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 487NY
UT WOS:000269282700018
ER

PT J
AU Young, MB
   McLaughlin, K
   Kendall, C
   Stringfellow, W
   Rollog, M
   Elsbury, K
   Donald, E
   Paytan, A
AF Young, Megan B.
   McLaughlin, Karen
   Kendall, Carol
   Stringfellow, William
   Rollog, Mark
   Elsbury, Katy
   Donald, Elizabeth
   Paytan, Adina
TI Characterizing the Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Phosphate Sources to
   Aquatic Ecosystems
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOGENIC APATITES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PRECISE METHOD; PHOSPHORUS; WATER;
   DELTA-O-18; MATTER; CYCLE
AB The oxygen isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic phosphate (delta(18)O(p)) in many aquatic ecosystems is not in isotopic equilibrium with ambient water and, therefore, may reflect the source delta(18)O(p). Identification of phosphate sources to water bodies is critical for designing best management practices for phosphate load reduction to control eutrophication. In order for delta(18)O(p) to be a useful tool for source tracking, the delta(18)O(p) of phosphate sources must be distinguishable from one another; however, the delta(18)O(p) of potential sources has not been well characterized. We measured the delta(18)O(p) of a variety of known phosphate sources, including fertilizers, semiprocessed phosphorite ore, particulate aerosols, detergents, leachates of vegetation, soil, animal feces, and wastewater treatment plant effluent We found a considerable range of delta(18)O(p) values (from +8.4 to +24.9 parts per thousand) for the various sources, and statistically significant differences were found between several of the source types. delta(18)O(p) measured in three different fresh water systems was generally not in equilibrium with ambient water. Although there is overlap in delta(18)O(p) values among the groups of samples, our results indicate that some sources are isotopically distinct and delta(18)O(p) can be used for identifying phosphate to aquatic systems.
C1 [Young, Megan B.; Kendall, Carol; Rollog, Mark] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [McLaughlin, Karen] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92620 USA.
   [Stringfellow, William] Univ Pacific, Ecol Engn Res Program, Stockton, CA 95211 USA.
   [Elsbury, Katy; Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Donald, Elizabeth] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Young, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mbyoung@usgs.gov; karenm@sccwrp.org; ckendall@usgs.gov;
   wstringfellow@lbl.gov; mrollog@gmail.com; katy.elsbury@gmail.com;
   lizi.donald@gmail.com; apaytan@ucsc.edu
RI Stringfellow, William/O-4389-2015
OI Stringfellow, William/0000-0003-3189-5604
FU CALFED; National Science Foundation [0354319, 0749908]; CALTRANS
FX This research was supported by a CALFED Prop 50 Grant, National Science
   Foundation Grants (No. 0354319 and No. 0749908), and a CALTRANS research
   grant. We thank the SJR DO TMDL field team at the University of the
   Pacific, the Paytan & Kendall laboratories, the staff of the Palo Alto
   Regional Water Quality Control Plant, Robert Bennett, Dorene MacCoy, Ami
   Nishri, Nathaniel Ostrom, Iris Zohar, Sue Watson, the crew of the Lake
   Guardian, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, the Great Lakes
   Environmental Research Lab, and Environment Canada for assistance with
   sample collection and preparation.
NR 32
TC 28
Z9 33
U1 6
U2 76
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 14
BP 5190
EP 5196
DI 10.1021/es900337q
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 472NE
UT WOS:000268138000007
PM 19708340
ER

PT J
AU Cushing, GE
   Titus, TN
   Soderblom, LA
   Kirk, RL
AF Cushing, G. E.
   Titus, T. N.
   Soderblom, L. A.
   Kirk, R. L.
TI THEMIS high-resolution digital terrain: Topographic and thermophysical
   mapping of Gusev Crater, Mars
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; TES; TEMPERATURES; SURFACE; ROVER
AB We discuss a new technique to generate high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) and to quantitatively derive and map slope-corrected thermophysical properties such as albedo, thermal inertia, and surface temperatures. This investigation is a continuation of work started by Kirk et al. (2005), who empirically deconvolved Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) visible and thermal infrared data of this area, isolating topographic information that produced an accurate DTM. Surface temperatures change as a function of many variables such as slope, albedo, thermal inertia, time, season, and atmospheric opacity. We constrain each of these variables to construct a DTM and maps of slope-corrected albedo, slope- and albedo-corrected thermal inertia, and surface temperatures across the scene for any time of day or year and at any atmospheric opacity. DTMs greatly facilitate analyses of the Martian surface, and the MOLA global data set is not finely scaled enough (128 pixels per degree, similar to 0.5 km per pixel near the equator) to be combined with newer data sets (e.g., High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, Context Camera, and Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars at similar to 0.25, similar to 6, and similar to 20 m per pixel, respectively), so new techniques to derive high-resolution DTMs are always being explored. This paper discusses our technique of combining a set of THEMIS visible and thermal infrared observations such that albedo and thermal inertia variations within the scene are eliminated and only topographic variations remain. This enables us to produce a high-resolution DTM via photoclinometry techniques that are largely free of albedo-induced errors. With this DTM, THEMIS observations, and a subsurface thermal diffusion model, we generate slope-corrected maps of albedo, thermal inertia, and surface temperatures. In addition to greater accuracy, these products allow thermophysical properties to be directly compared with topography.
C1 [Cushing, G. E.; Titus, T. N.; Soderblom, L. A.; Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Cushing, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM gcushing@usgs.gov
FU Mars Data Analysis Program; THEMIS science mission
FX Special thanks for valuable input from Phil Christensen, Steve Ruff,
   Robin Fergason, Moses Millazo, Nathaniel Putzig, and one anonymous
   reviewer. Funding for this research was provided by the Mars Data
   Analysis Program and by the THEMIS science mission. This project used
   digital cartographic processing software and radiometrically calibrated
   THEMIS images produced by teams at both Arizona State University and
   Cornell University. The U. S. Geological Survey's Integrated Software
   for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) environment [Eliason, 1997; Gaddis
   et al., 1997; Torson and Becker, 1997; Anderson et al., 2004] can be
   freely downloaded from the USGS Web site
   (http://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/).
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 114
AR E07002
DI 10.1029/2008JE003292
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 512OG
UT WOS:000271258900001
ER

PT J
AU Douglas, EM
   Jacobs, JM
   Sumner, DM
   Ray, RL
AF Douglas, Ellen M.
   Jacobs, Jennifer M.
   Sumner, David M.
   Ray, Ram L.
TI A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for
   Florida land cover types
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Potential evapotranspiration; Daily evapotranspiration; Net radiation;
   Florida
ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE CONTENT; WATER-VAPOR; ENVIRONMENTAL
   CONTROLS; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; EVAPORATION;
   FLUX; ECOSYSTEM
AB We analyzed observed daily evapotranspiration (DET) at 18 sites having measured DET and ancillary climate data and then used these data to compare the performance of three common methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration (PET): the Turc method (Tc), the Priestley-Taylor method (PT) and the Penman-Monteith method (PM). The sites were distributed throughout the State of Florida and represent a variety of land cover types: open water (3), marshland (4), grassland/pasture (4), citrus (2) and forest (5). Not surprisingly, the highest DET values occurred at the open water sites, ranging from an average of 3.3 mm d(-1) in the winter to 5.3 mm d(-1) in the spring. DET at the marsh sites was also high, ranging from 2.7 mm, d(-1) in winter to 4.4 mm d(-1) in summer. The lowest DET occur-red in the winter and fall seasons at the grass sites (1.3 mm d(-1) and 2.0 mm d(-1), respectively) and at the forested sites (1.8 mm d(-1) and 2.3 mm d(-1), respectively). The performance of the three methods when applied to conditions close to PET (Bowen ratio <= 1) was used to judge relative merit. Under such PET conditions, annually aggregated Tc and PT methods perform comparably and outperform the PM method, possibly due to the sensitivity of the PM method to the limited transferability of previously determined model parameters. At a daily scale, the PT performance appears to be superior to the other two methods for estimating PET for a variety of land covers in Florida. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
C1 [Douglas, Ellen M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
   [Jacobs, Jennifer M.; Ray, Ram L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Sumner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Orlando, FL 32826 USA.
RP Douglas, EM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
EM ellen.douglas@umb.edu
NR 35
TC 46
Z9 51
U1 4
U2 40
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 373
IS 3-4
BP 366
EP 376
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.029
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 475ZL
UT WOS:000268406400008
ER

PT J
AU Rosenberry, DO
   Pitlick, J
AF Rosenberry, Donald O.
   Pitlick, John
TI Effects of sediment transport and seepage direction on hydraulic
   properties at the sediment-water interface of hyporheic settings
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ground water; Hydraulic conductivity; Seepage; Hyporheic; Fluvial
ID SAND-BED CHANNELS; SLUG TEST; RIVER; EXCHANGE; SURFACE; FLOW;
   FILTRATION; STREAM; CONDUCTIVITY; INTERSTICES
AB Relations between seepage flux and hydraulic properties are difficult to quantify in fluvial settings because of the difficulty in measuring these variables in situ. Tests conducted in a 1.5-m diameter by 1.5-m tall sediment-filled tank indicate that hydraulic gradient increased and hydraulic conductivity (K) decreased following the onset of downward seepage but both parameters were little changed following the onset of upward seepage. Reductions in K during downward seepage were more pronounced when surface-water current was sufficient to mobilize sediment on the bed. Averaged ratios of K determined during upward seepage to K determined during downward seepage (K(up)/K(down)) through a sand-and-gravel bed increased from 1.4 to 1.7 with increasing surface-water velocity, and decreased to slightly greater than I when the sediment bed became fully mobile. K(up)/K(down) for tests conducted with a silt veneer on the bed surface was greater than 2 for all but the fastest surface-water velocities. Substantial reductions in K also were associated with a silt floc that formed on the bed surface during and following test runs. Although the silt floc was typically less than 0.5 mm in thickness, most of the hydraulic gradient was distributed across this thin layer. K of the thin silt floc was reduced by two to three orders of magnitude relative to the underlying sediment. Directional bias in K and relation between K and surface-water velocity require the presence or absence of a layer of lower-K sediment at or near the bed surface, without which no reduction in K and corresponding increase in hydraulic gradient can occur at the bed surface. The lack of prior observation of the consistent bias in K associated with seepage direction is somewhat surprising given the numerous studies where K has been measured in fluvial settings, but may be explained by the small value of the bias relative to the typical uncertainty associated with field determinations of K. If shown to exist in field settings. this bias and its relation to fluvial processes will be relevant to many studies conducted in hyporheic settings that require determination of fluxes across the sediment-water interface. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Rosenberry, Donald O.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Water Resources Discipline, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
   [Pitlick, John] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Rosenberry, DO (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Water Resources Discipline, DFC, MS 413,Bldg 53, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM rosenber@usgs.gov
RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013; 
OI Rosenberry, Donald/0000-0003-0681-5641
NR 45
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 3
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 373
IS 3-4
BP 377
EP 391
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.030
PG 15
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 475ZL
UT WOS:000268406400009
ER

PT J
AU Brosten, TR
   Bradford, JH
   McNamara, JP
   Gooseff, MN
   Zarnetske, JP
   Bowden, WB
   Johnston, ME
AF Brosten, Troy R.
   Bradford, John H.
   McNamara, James P.
   Gooseff, Michael N.
   Zarnetske, Jay P.
   Bowden, William B.
   Johnston, Morgan E.
TI Estimating 3D variation in active-layer thickness beneath arctic streams
   using ground-penetrating radar
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE 3D ground-penetrating radar; Permafrost; Thaw bulb; Arctic streams;
   Hyporheic
ID SHORT-PULSE RADAR; NORTHERN ALASKA; ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES;
   3-DIMENSIONAL GEORADAR; PERMAFROST THICKNESS; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; SW
   GERMANY; RIVER; ARCHITECTURE; RESOLUTION
AB We acquired three-dimensional (3D) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data across three stream sites on the North Slope, AK, in August 2005, to investigate the dependence of thaw depth on channel morphology. Data were migrated with mean velocities derived from multi-offset GPR profiles collected across a stream section within each of the 31) survey areas. GPR data interpretations from the alluvial-lined stream site illustrate greater thaw depths beneath riffle and gravel bar features relative to neighboring pool features. The peat-lined stream sites indicate the opposite; greater thaw depths beneath pools and shallower thaw beneath the connecting runs. Results provide detailed 3D geometry of active-layer thaw depths that can support hydrological studies seeking to quantify transport and biogeochemical processes that occur within the hyporheic zone. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Brosten, Troy R.] US Geol Survey, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
   [Bradford, John H.; McNamara, James P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA.
   [Gooseff, Michael N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Zarnetske, Jay P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Bowden, William B.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05401 USA.
   [Johnston, Morgan E.] Stone Environm Inc, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA.
RP Brosten, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM tbrosten@usgs.gov
RI Zarnetske, Jay/F-4685-2010; Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; McNamara,
   James/F-1993-2011; Bowden, William/J-9219-2014; Gooseff,
   Michael/N-6087-2015
OI Zarnetske, Jay/0000-0003-2777-5378; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315
FU The US National Science Foundation [OPP 03-27440]; USDA [NRI
   2004-35102-14802]; The Department of Geosciences, Boise State University
FX We are grateful to the Arctic LTER program, Toolik Field Station camp
   personnel, VECO Polar Resources, and Air Logistics for assistance with
   field logistics. The US National Science Foundation (Grant No. OPP
   03-27440) and the USDA (Grant NRI 2004-35102-14802) provided funding for
   this work. The Department of Geosciences, Boise State University,
   provided additional financial support. Boise State University
   acknowledges support of this research by Landmark Graphics Corp. via the
   Landmark University Grant Program. The opinions, findings, and
   conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of
   the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National
   Science Foundation, USDA, or Landmark Graphics Corp.
NR 41
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 373
IS 3-4
BP 479
EP 486
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.05.011
PG 8
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 475ZL
UT WOS:000268406400018
ER

PT J
AU Bruna, JLG
   ten Brink, US
   Carbo-Gorosabel, A
   Munoz-Martin, A
   Ballesteros, MG
AF Granja Bruna, J. L.
   ten Brink, U. S.
   Carbo-Gorosabel, A.
   Munoz-Martin, A.
   Gomez Ballesteros, M.
TI Morphotectonics of the central Muertos thrust belt and Muertos Trough
   (northeastern Caribbean)
SO MARINE GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE morphotectonics; thrust belt; Muertos Trough; Caribbean plate
ID PUERTO-RICO; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; SANDBOX EXPERIMENTS; SUBDUCTION ZONE;
   VIRGIN-ISLANDS; PLATE MARGIN; SEISMIC DATA; FORE-ARC; DEFORMATION;
   REFLECTION
AB Multibeam bathymetry data acquired during the 2005 Spanish R/V Hesperides cruise and reprocessed multichannel seismic profiles provide the basis for the analysis of the morphology and deformation in the central Muertos Trough and Muertos thrust belt. The Muertos Trough is an elongated basin developed where the Venezuelan Basin crust is thrusted under the Muertos fold-and-thrust belt Structural variations along the Muertos Trough are suggested to be a consequence of the overburden of the asymmetrical thrust belt and by the variable nature of the Venezuelan Basin crust along the margin. The insular slope can be divided into three east-west trending slope provinces with high lateral variability which correspond to different accretion stages: 1) The lower slope is composed of an active sequence of imbricate thrust slices and closed fold axes, which form short and narrow accretionary ridges and elongated slope basins; 2) The middle slope shows a less active imbricate structure resulting in lower superficial deformation and bigger slope basins; 3) The upper slope comprises the talus region and extended terraces burying an island arc basement and an inactive imbricate structure. The talus region is characterized by a dense drainage network that transports turbidite flows from the islands and their surrounding carbonate platform areas to the slope basins and sometimes to the trough. In the survey area the accommodation of the ongoing east-west differential motion between the Hispaniola and the Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands blocks takes place by means of diffuse deformation. The asymmetrical development of the thrust belt is not related to the geological conditions in the foreland, but rather may be caused by variations in the geometry and movement of the backstop. The map-view curves of the thrust belt and the symmetry of the recesses suggest a main north-south convergence along the Muertos margin. The western end of the Investigator Fault Zone comprises a broad band of active normal faults which result in high instability of the upper insular slope. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Granja Bruna, J. L.; Carbo-Gorosabel, A.; Munoz-Martin, A.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Geodynam Dept, Appl Tectonophys Grp, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
   [ten Brink, U. S.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Gomez Ballesteros, M.] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Madrid 28002, Spain.
RP Bruna, JLG (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Geodynam Dept, Appl Tectonophys Grp, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
EM jlgranja@geo.ucm.es; utenbrink@usgs.gov; maria.gomez@md.ieo.es
RI Munoz-Martin, Alfonso/L-5811-2014; ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008
OI Munoz-Martin, Alfonso/0000-0002-5302-5119; ten Brink,
   Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001
FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [REN2003-08520-C02, REN2002-12855-E/
   MAR]; U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program; Puerto
   Rico Seismic Network
FX Fig. I was drafted using free software Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and
   Smith, 1998). Fig. 4a and b were drafted using free software SAGA GIS.
   We also thank Pilar Llanes, Jason Chaytor, Clauida Flores, Nina
   Kukowski, and Paul Mann for constructive comments at different stages of
   manuscript preparation.
NR 65
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3227
J9 MAR GEOL
JI Mar. Geol.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 263
IS 1-4
BP 7
EP 33
DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.03.010
PG 27
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Geology; Oceanography
GA 469PZ
UT WOS:000267913500002
ER

PT J
AU Svancara, LK
   Scott, JM
   Loveland, TR
   Pidgorna, AB
AF Svancara, Leona K.
   Scott, J. Michael
   Loveland, Thomas R.
   Pidgorna, Anna B.
TI Assessing the landscape context and conversion risk of protected areas
   using satellite data products
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Review
DE Conversion; Landscape context; Land cover; Parks; Refuges; Satellite
   data products; Risk; National Park Service; National Wildlife Refuge
   System; US Fish and Wildlife Service
ID SENSOR SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM; LAND-COVER DATA;
   HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; SPECIES RESPONSES;
   HUMAN-POPULATION; NATURE-RESERVES; NATIONAL-PARKS; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS
AB Since the establishment of the first national park (Yellowstone National Park in 1872) and the first wildlife refuge (Pelican Island in 1903), dramatic changes have occurred in both ecological and cultural landscapes across the U.S. The ability of these protected areas to maintain current levels of biodiversity depend, at least in part, on the integrity of the surrounding landscape. Our objective was to quantify and compare the extent and pattern of natural land cover, risk of conversion, and relationships with demographic and economic variables in counties near National Park Service units and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service refuges with those counties distant from either type of protected area in the coterminous United States. Our results indicate that landscapes in counties within 10 km of both parks and refuges and those within 10 km of just parks were more natural, more intact, and more protected than those in counties within 10 km of just refuges and counties greater than 10 km from either protected area system. However, they also had greater human population density and change in population, indicating potential conversion risk since the percent of landscape protected averaged <5% in both groups and human population dynamics are primary drivers of change in many landscapes. Conversion outweighed protection by at least two times (Conservation Risk Index >2) in 76% of counties near both parks and refuges, 81% of counties near just parks, 91% of counties near just refuges, and 93% of distant counties. Thirteen percent of counties in the coterminous U.S. had moderate to high amounts of natural land cover (>60%), low protection (<20%), and the greatest change in population (>20%). Although these areas are not the most critically endangered, they represent the greatest conservation opportunity, need, and urgency. Our approach is based on national level metrics that are simple, general, informative, and can be understood by broad audiences and by policy makers and managers to assess the health of lands surrounding parks and refuges. Regular monitoring of these metrics with satellite data products in counties surrounding protected areas provides a consistent, national level assessment of management opportunities and potentially adverse changes on adjacent lands. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Svancara, Leona K.; Scott, J. Michael] Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
   [Svancara, Leona K.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Moscow, ID USA.
   [Scott, J. Michael] US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID USA.
   [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
   [Pidgorna, Anna B.] Univ Idaho, Environm Sci Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
RP Svancara, LK (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 121 Sweet Ave, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
EM leonab@uidaho.edu
FU National Park Service
FX We thank Gary Davis, Jean McKendry, Ray Sauvajot, John Dennis, Mike
   Soukup, and John Gross for informative discussions. We also thank
   Charles Van Riper, William Halvorson, Gina Wilson, and 3 anonymous
   reviewers for comments on earlier drafts. Funding support for L. K.
   Svancara was provided by the National Park Service.
NR 126
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 7
BP 1357
EP 1369
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.11.015
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 455DJ
UT WOS:000266736900003
ER

PT J
AU Huang, CQ
   Goward, SN
   Schleeweis, K
   Thomas, N
   Masek, JG
   Zhu, ZL
AF Huang, Chengquan
   Goward, Samuel N.
   Schleeweis, Karen
   Thomas, Nancy
   Masek, Jeffrey G.
   Zhu, Zhiliang
TI Dynamics of national forests assessed using the Landsat record: Case
   studies in eastern United States
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE National forest; Vegetation change tracker; VCT; Time series; IFZ
ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; COVER CHANGES; DATA SET; ACCURACY; IMAGERY;
   REFLECTANCE; MISSION; MSS
AB The national forests (NFs) in the United States are protected areas managed for multiple purposes, and therefore are subject to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Monitoring forest changes arising from such disturbances and the post-disturbance recovery processes is essential for assessing the conditions of the NFs and the effectiveness of management approaches. In this study, we used time series stacks of Landsat images (LTSS) to evaluate the dynamics of seven NFs in eastern United States, including the De Soto NF the Talladega NF the Francis Marion NF and the Uwharrie NF in southeastern U.S., and the Chequamegon NF, the Hiawatha NF, and the Superior NF in northern U.S. Each LTSS consisted of 12-14 Landsat images acquired for the same location, spanning from 1984 to 2006 with a nominal interval of one image every 2 years. Each LTSS was analyzed using a vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm to map forest disturbance. Accuracy assessments of the derived disturbance maps revealed that they had overall accuracy values of about 80%, with most of the disturbance classes having user's accuracies ranging from 70% to 95%. The producer's accuracies were generally lower, with the majority being in the range between 50% and 70%. While this may suggest that the disturbance maps could slightly underestimate disturbances, a more detailed assessment of the omission errors revealed that the majority of the disagreements were due to minor disturbances like thinning or storm damages that were identified by the image analysts but were not captured by the VCT algorithm.
   The derived disturbance year maps revealed that while each of the seven NFs consisted of 90% or more forest land, significant portions of the forests were disturbed since 1984. Mapped disturbances accounted for about 30%-45% of total land area in the four NFs in southeastern U.S. and about 10%-20% in the three NFs in northern U.S. The disturbance rates were generally higher in the buffer zones surrounding each NF, and varied considerably over time. The time series approach employed in this study represents a new approach for monitoring forest resources using the Landsat or similar satellite data records. The disturbance products derived using this approach were spatially explicit and contained much more temporal details than conventional bi-temporal change products, and likely will be found more useful by many users including ecologists and resources managers. The high disturbance rates found in the southeastern U.S. suggest that this region may have a more significant role in modulating the atmospheric carbon budget than currently recognized. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Huang, Chengquan; Goward, Samuel N.; Schleeweis, Karen; Thomas, Nancy] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Huang, CQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM cqhuang@umd.edu
RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; 
OI Huang, Chengquan/0000-0003-0055-9798
NR 38
TC 71
Z9 83
U1 3
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 7
BP 1430
EP 1442
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.016
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 455DJ
UT WOS:000266736900009
ER

PT J
AU Reed, B
   Budde, M
   Spencer, P
   Miller, AE
AF Reed, Bradley
   Budde, Michael
   Spencer, Page
   Miller, Amy E.
TI Integration of MODIS-derived metrics to assess interannual variability
   in snowpack, lake ice, and NDVI in southwest Alaska
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Moderate Resolution Imaging; Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Snow cover; Lake
   ice; Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); Phenology; Ecosystem
   monitoring
ID VEGETATION INDEX; TIME-SERIES; COVER; PHENOLOGY; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE;
   SEASONALITY; DISTURBANCE; EXTRACTION; SUCCESS
AB Impacts of global climate change are expected to result in greater variation in the seasonality of snowpack, lake ice, and vegetation dynamics in southwest Alaska. All have wide-reaching physical and biological ecosystem effects in the region. We used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) calibrated radiance, snow cover extent, and vegetation index products for interpreting interannual variation in the duration and extent of snowpack, lake ice, and vegetation dynamics for southwest Alaska. The approach integrates multiple seasonal metrics across large ecological regions.
   Throughout the observation period (2001-2007), snow cover duration was stable within ecoregions, with variable start and end dates. The start of the lake ice season lagged the snow season by 2 to 3 months. Within a given lake, freeze-up dates varied in timing and duration, while break-up dates were more consistent. Vegetation phenology varied less than snow and ice metrics, with start-of-season dates comparatively consistent across years. The start of growing season and snow melt were related to one another as they are both temperature dependent. Higher than average temperatures during the El Nino winter of 2002-2003 were expressed in anomalous ice and snow season patterns. We are developing a consistent, MODIS-based dataset that will be used to monitor temporal trends of each of these seasonal metrics and to map areas of change for the study area. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Reed, Bradley] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA.
   [Budde, Michael] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
   [Spencer, Page; Miller, Amy E.] Natl Pk Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
RP Reed, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20191 USA.
EM reed@usgs.gov
FU National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, Southwest Alaska
   Network
FX We acknowledge the contributions of Jeanette and Jerry Mills, National
   Park Service volunteers-in-residence at Telaquana Lake, for their
   meticulous records of lake ice cover and associated weather records for
   the last 7 years. Their data have served as a gratifying confirmation of
   the ice season interpretations and provided explanations for unusual ice
   phenomena. We appreciate John Papineau, NOAA, for patient discussions
   about climate patterns in SW Alaska. This project was funded by the
   National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, Southwest Alaska
   Network.
NR 43
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 7
BP 1443
EP 1452
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.020
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 455DJ
UT WOS:000266736900010
ER

PT J
AU Dennison, PE
   Nagler, PL
   Hultine, KR
   Glenn, EP
   Ehleringer, JR
AF Dennison, Philip E.
   Nagler, Pamela L.
   Hultine, Kevin R.
   Glenn, Edward P.
   Ehleringer, James R.
TI Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration
   following saltcedar leaf beetle attack
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Insect defoliation; Change detection; MODIS; ASTER; Evapotranspiration;
   Colorado Plateau
ID MODIS VEGETATION INDEXES; COTTONWOOD POPULUS-FREMONTII; GYPSY-MOTH
   DEFOLIATION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; ENERGY-BALANCE; FLUX TOWERS; SAP FLOW;
   DAMAGE; RED; MOISTURE
AB Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) has invaded riparian ecosystems throughout the Western United States, including significant portions of riparian ecosystems within U.S. National Parks and Monuments. Recently, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) was released as a tamarisk biocontrol agent. Although initial releases have been monitored, no comprehensive program is currently in place to monitor the rapid spread of Diorhabda that has resulted from numerous subsequent releases by county and state agencies. Long term monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and its impacts on habitat and water resources is needed. This study examines the potential for using higher spatial resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and lower spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for monitoring defoliation caused by Diorhabda and subsequent changes in evapotranspiration (ET). Widespread tamarisk defoliation was observed in an eastern Utah study area during summer 2007. ASTER normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed only minor changes between 2005 and 2006, but a significant drop in NDVI was found within riparian areas between 2006 and 2007. The decrease in NDVI caused by defoliation was apparent despite partial refoliation within the study area. MODIS time series data revealed that absolute decline in EVI varied by site, but that the timing of EVI decline during summer 2007 was early with respect to phenological patterns from 2001 through 2006. Defoliation caused decreases in ET values estimated from both ASTER and MODIS data. MODIS estimated ET declined earlier than in previous years, although annual ET was not significantly different than ET in previous years due to high year-to-year variability. Challenges to detection and monitoring of tamarisk defoliation include spectral mixing of tamarisk and other cover types at subpixel spatial resolution, spatial coregistration of time series images, the timing of image acquisition, and changes unrelated to defoliation in non-tamarisk land cover over time. Continued development of the techniques presented in this paper may allow monitoring the spread of Diorhabda and assessment of potential water salvage resulting from biocontrol of tamarisk. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dennison, Philip E.] Univ Utah, Ctr Nat & Technol Hazards, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Dennison, Philip E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Hultine, Kevin R.; Ehleringer, James R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Dennison, PE (reprint author), Univ Utah, Ctr Nat & Technol Hazards, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM dennison@geog.utah.edu
OI Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917
NR 58
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 7
BP 1462
EP 1472
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.05.022
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 455DJ
UT WOS:000266736900012
ER

PT J
AU Nagler, PL
   Glenn, EP
   Hinojosa-Huerta, O
AF Nagler, Pamela L.
   Glenn, Edward P.
   Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel
TI Synthesis of ground and remote sensing data for monitoring ecosystem
   functions in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Riparian zone; Saltcedar; Native plants; Tamarix; Populus; Salix;
   Environmental monitoring; Evapotranspiration; MODIS; ETM; TM imagery
ID TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA STANDS; MODIS VEGETATION INDEXES; LEAF-AREA INDEX;
   LANDSAT TM DATA; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; UNITED-STATES; EDDY COVARIANCE;
   ENERGY-BALANCE; NATIVE TREES; TIME-SERIES
AB The delta of the Colorado River in Mexico supports a rich mix of estuarine, wetland and riparian ecosystems that provide habitat for over 350 species of birds as well as fish, marine mammals, and other wildlife. An important part of the delta ecosystem is the riparian corridor, which is supported by agricultural return flows and waste spills of water originating in the U.S. and Mexico. These flows may be curtailed in the future due to climate change and changing land use practices (out-of-basin water transfers, increased agricultural efficiency, and more optimal management of dams) in the U.S. and Mexico, and resource managers need to monitor the effects of their water management practices on these ecosystems. We developed ground-validated, remote sensing methods to monitor the vegetation status, habitat value, and water use of wetland and riparian ecosystems using multi-temporal, multi-resolution images. The integrated methodology allowed us to project species composition, leaf area index, fractional cover, habitat value, and evapotranspiration over seasons and years throughout the delta, in response to variable water flows from the U.S. to Mexico. Waste spills of water from the U.S. have regenerated native cottonwood and willow trees in the riparian corridor and created backwater and marsh areas that support birds and other wildlife. However, the main source of water supporting the riparian vegetation is the regional aquifer recharged by underflow from U.S. and Mexico irrigation districts. Native trees have a short half-life in the riparian zone due to human-set fires and harvesting for timber. Active management, monitoring, and restoration programs are needed to maintain the habitat value of this ecosystem for the future. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Nagler, Pamela L.; Glenn, Edward P.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel] Pronatura Noroeste, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Mexico.
RP Nagler, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, 1110 E South Campus Dr,Room 123, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM pnagler@usgs.gov
NR 67
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 48
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 113
IS 7
BP 1473
EP 1485
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.018
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 455DJ
UT WOS:000266736900013
ER

PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
   Hanchin, PA
   Chernyak, SM
   Begnoche, LJ
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
   Hanchin, Patrick A.
   Chernyak, Sergei M.
   Begnoche, Linda J.
TI Sexual difference in PCB concentrations of walleyes (Sander vitreus)
   from a pristine lake
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioenergetics modeling; Gross growth efficiency; "Hot spot" effect;
   Polychlorinated biphenyls; Sexual differences; Walleye
ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS;
   STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; MICHIGAN; GROWTH; FISH; DYNAMICS; TRENDS; BODY
AB We determined polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in 15 adult female walleyes (Sander vitreus) and 15 adult male walleyes from South Manistique Lake (Michigan, United States), a relatively pristine lake with no point source inputs of PCBs. By measuring PCB concentration in gonads and in somatic tissue of the South Manistique Lake fish, we also estimated the expected change in PCB concentration due to spawning for both sexes. To determine whether gross growth efficiency differed between the sexes, we applied bioenergetics modeling. Results showed that. on average, adult males were 34% higher in PCB concentration than adult females in South Manistique Lake. Results from the PCB determinations of the gonads and somatic tissues revealed that shedding of the gametes led to 1% and 5% increases in PCB concentration for males and females, respectively. Therefore, shedding of the gametes could not explain the higher PCB concentration in adult male walleyes. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that the sexual difference in PCB concentrations of South Manistique Lake walleyes was attributable, at least in part, to a sexual difference in gross growth efficiency (GGE). Adult female GGE was estimated to be up to 17% greater than adult male GGE. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; Begnoche, Linda J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
   [Hanchin, Patrick A.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Charlevoix Fisheries Res Stn, Charlevoix, MI 49720 USA.
   [Chernyak, Sergei M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
FU USGS Great Lakes Science Center [1533]
FX We thank C. Payment and F. Kolson for catching the walleyes in South
   Manistique Lake. We also thank J. Holuszko and R. Stickel for their
   assistance in the laboratory processing of the walleyes. R. Day, A.
   Fisk, K. Kidd, J. Savino, C. Stow, and T. Todd reviewed the manuscript
   and made helpful suggestions for its improvement. This article is
   Contribution 1533 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center.
NR 38
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD JUL 15
PY 2009
VL 407
IS 15
BP 4526
EP 4532
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.04.031
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 466AE
UT WOS:000267631700018
PM 19446308
ER

PT J
AU Savage, JC
AF Savage, J. C.
TI Comment on "Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along creeping section
   of the San Andreas Fault'' by F. Rolandone et al.
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jasavage@usgs.gov
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUL 14
PY 2009
VL 36
AR L13305
DI 10.1029/2009GL037964
PG 3
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 500HK
UT WOS:000270289300002
ER

PT J
AU Wu, FT
   Liang, WT
   Lee, JC
   Benz, H
   Villasenor, A
AF Wu, Francis T.
   Liang, Wen-Tzong
   Lee, Jian-Cheng
   Benz, Harley
   Villasenor, Antonio
TI A model for the termination of the Ryukyu subduction zone against
   Taiwan: A junction of collision, subduction/separation, and subduction
   boundaries
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HOLOCENE TECTONIC UPLIFT; EASTERN TAIWAN; PHILIPPINE SEA; OBLIQUE
   SUBDUCTION; ACTIVE DEFORMATION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; FOCAL MECHANISMS;
   NORTHERN TAIWAN; PLATE-BOUNDARY; COASTAL RANGE
AB The NW moving Philippine Sea plate (PSP) collides with the Eurasian plate (EUP) in the vicinity of Taiwan, and at the same time, it subducts toward the north along SW Ryukyu. The Ryukyu subduction zone terminates against eastern Taiwan. While the Ryukyu Trench is a linear bathymetric low about 100 km east of Taiwan, closer to Taiwan, it cannot be clearly identified bathymetrically owing to the deformation related to the collision, making the location of the intersection of the Ryukyu with Taiwan difficult to decipher. We propose a model for this complex of boundaries on the basis of seismicity and 3-D velocity structures. In this model the intersection is placed at the latitude of about 23.7 degrees N, placing the northern part of the Coastal Range on EUP. As PSP gets deeper along the subduction zone it collides with EUP on the Taiwan side only where they are in direct contact. Thus, the Eurasian plate on the Taiwan side is being pushed and compressed by the NW moving Philippine Sea plate, at increasing depth toward the north. Offshore of northeastern Taiwan the wedge-shaped EUP on top of the Ryukyu subducting plate is connected to the EUP on the Ryukyu side and coupled to the NW moving PSP by friction at the plate interface. The two sides of the EUP above the western end of the subduction zone are not subjected to the same forces, and a difference in motions can be expected. The deformation of Taiwan as revealed by continuous GPS measurements, geodetic movement along the east coast of Taiwan, and the formation of the Hoping Basin can be understood in terms of the proposed model.
C1 [Wu, Francis T.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.
   [Benz, Harley] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Liang, Wen-Tzong; Lee, Jian-Cheng] Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
   [Villasenor, Antonio] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Tierra Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
RP Wu, FT (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.
EM francis@binghamton.edu
RI Lee, Jian-Cheng/B-9347-2009; Villasenor, Antonio/A-8037-2008
OI Villasenor, Antonio/0000-0001-8592-4832
FU NSF [EAR-0410227]
FX Assistance in ANSYS and GIS modeling by En-Jui Lee and Hao Kuo-Chen of
   SUNY Binghamton is greatly appreciated. Joint research with Long-Chen
   Kuo on continuous GPS data in Taiwan is beneficial for understanding the
   tectonics of this area. We also would like to thank Rich Briggs and
   Gavin Hayes of USGS for their careful reading and constructive comments
   on the manuscript. Yosio Nakamura's comments on any early draft were
   most helpful. NSF EAR-0410227 (F. T. W.) supports this research.
NR 51
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD JUL 11
PY 2009
VL 114
AR B07404
DI 10.1029/2008JB005950
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 469YG
UT WOS:000267937300002
ER

PT J
AU Rashid, I
   Sharma, GP
   Esler, KJ
   Reshi, ZA
   Khuroo, AA
   Simpson, A
AF Rashid, Irfan
   Sharma, Gyan Prakash
   Esler, Karen J.
   Reshi, Zafar A.
   Khuroo, Anzar A.
   Simpson, Annie
TI A Standardized Response to Biological Invasions
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Rashid, Irfan; Reshi, Zafar A.; Khuroo, Anzar A.] Univ Kashmir, Dept Bot, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
   [Sharma, Gyan Prakash; Esler, Karen J.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Conservat Ecol & Entomol, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
   [Simpson, Annie] US Geol Survey, Natl Biol Informat Infrastruct, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Rashid, I (reprint author), Univ Kashmir, Dept Bot, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
EM ecoirfan@yahoo.co.in
RI Esler, Karen/A-1640-2008; Khuroo, Anzar/D-1216-2015
OI Esler, Karen/0000-0001-6510-727X; Khuroo, Anzar/0000-0002-0251-2793
NR 5
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUL 10
PY 2009
VL 325
IS 5937
BP 146
EP 146
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 468FK
UT WOS:000267802000012
PM 19589981
ER

PT J
AU Flint, PL
   Franson, JC
AF Flint, Paul L.
   Franson, J. Christian
TI Does influenza A affect body condition of wild mallard ducks, or vice
   versa?
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SPRING MIGRATION; IMMUNE FUNCTION; VIRUS
C1 [Flint, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Franson, J. Christian] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM pflint@usgs.gov
OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238; Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993
NR 10
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 7
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8452
J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI
JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD JUL 7
PY 2009
VL 276
IS 1666
BP 2345
EP 2346
DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.1962
PG 2
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
   Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 458CK
UT WOS:000266990700002
PM 19364748
ER

PT J
AU Benson, LV
   Pauketat, TR
   Cook, ER
AF Benson, Larry V.
   Pauketat, Timothy R.
   Cook, Edward R.
TI CAHOKIA'S BOOM AND BUST IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY
LA English
DT Article
ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; RECONSTRUCTION;
   RAINFALL; DROUGHT; HISTORY; PERIOD
AB During the early Mississippian Lohmann phase (A.D. 1050-1100), the American Bottom experienced a political and economic transformation. This transformation included the abrupt planned construction of central Cahokia, a large-scale influx of people to "downtown Cahokia," the abandonment of pre-Mississippian village settlements, the reorganization of farming in the Mississippi River floodplain, and the founding of the Richland farming complex in the Illinois uplands. New tree-ring-based records of climate change indicate that this rapid development occurred during one of the we rest 50-year periods during the last millennium. During the next 150 years, a series of persistent droughts occurred in the Cahokian area which may be related to the eventual abandonment of the American Bottom. By. A.D. 1150, in the latter part of a severe 15-year drought, the Richland farming complex was mostly abandoned, eliminating an integral part of Cahokia's agricultural base. At about the same time, a 20, 000-log palisade was erected a round Monks Mound and the Grand Plaza, indicating increased social unrest. During this time, people began exiting Cahokia and, by the end of the Stirling phase (A.D. 1200). Cahokia's population had decreased by about 50 percent and by A. D. 1350, Cahokia and in much of the central Mississippi valley had been abandoned.
C1 [Benson, Larry V.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Pauketat, Timothy R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Cook, Edward R.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM lbenson@usgs.gov
NR 82
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 5
U2 19
PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 900 SECOND ST., NE  STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA
SN 0002-7316
J9 AM ANTIQUITY
JI Am. Antiq.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 74
IS 3
BP 467
EP 483
PG 17
WC Anthropology; Archaeology
SC Anthropology; Archaeology
GA 480JR
UT WOS:000268731200004
ER

PT J
AU Docherty, DE
   Samuel, MD
   Egstad, KF
   Griffin, KM
   Nolden, CA
   Karwal, L
   Ip, HS
AF Docherty, Douglas E.
   Samuel, Michael D.
   Egstad, Kristina F.
   Griffin, Kathryn M.
   Nolden, Cherrie A.
   Karwal, Lovkesh
   Ip, Hon S.
TI Short Report: Changes in West Nile Virus Seroprevalence and Antibody
   Titers among Wisconsin Mesopredators 2003-2006
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID ST-LOUIS-ENCEPHALITIS; WILD MAMMALS; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; UNITED-STATES;
   SURVEILLANCE; PERSISTENCE; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE
AB After the 2001 occurrence of West Nile virus (WNV) in Wisconsin (WI), we collected sera, during 20032006, from south-central WI mesopredators. We tested these sera to determine WNV antibody prevalence and geometric mean antibody titer (GMAT). Four-fold higher antibody prevalence and 2-fold higher GMAT in 2003-2004 indicated greater exposure of mesopredators to WNV during the apparent epizootic phase. The period 2005-2006 was likely the enzootic phase because WNV antibody prevalence fell to a level similar to other flaviviruses. Our results suggest that, in mesopredators, vector-borne transmission is the primary route of infection and WNV antibodies persist for < 1 year. Mesopredators may be sensitive indicators of West Nile virus spill-over into humans and horses. Mesopredator sero-surveys may complement dead crow surveillance by providing additional data for the timing of public health interventions. Research is needed to clarify the dynamics of WNV infection in these mammals and their role as potential WNV amplifiers.
C1 [Docherty, Douglas E.; Samuel, Michael D.; Egstad, Kristina F.; Griffin, Kathryn M.; Karwal, Lovkesh; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
   [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI USA.
RP Docherty, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM ddocherty@usgs.gov; msamuel@usgs.gov; kegstad@usgs.gov;
   kgriffin@usgs.gov; sedwicknps@yahoo.com; lkarwal@usgs.gov; hip@usgs.gov
FU Wisconsin Trappers Association; Wisconsin Department of Natural
   Resources; Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory; Wisconsin
   Department of Health Services; U.S. Geological Survey; National Wildlife
   Health Center (NWHC); Max McGraw Wildlife Foundation
FX support:The study was supported by the Wisconsin Trappers Association,
   Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Veterinary
   Diagnostics Laboratory, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, U.S.
   Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC), and Max
   McGraw Wildlife Foundation.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 81
IS 1
BP 177
EP 179
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 464SI
UT WOS:000267526500030
PM 19556585
ER

PT J
AU Manjerovic, MB
   Wood, PB
   Edwards, JW
AF Manjerovic, Mary Beth
   Wood, Petra Bohall
   Edwards, John W.
TI Mast and Weather Influences on Population Trends of a Species of
   Concern: the Allegheny Woodrat
SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID NEOTOMA MAGISTER; WEST-VIRGINIA; RACCOON ROUNDWORM; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
   SPRUNG TRAPS; REPRODUCTION; PARASITES; MAMMALS; RODENT
AB Over the past 20-30 y, northern and western populations of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) have experienced large declines, whereas populations in the core of the range are assumed to be stable. We examined population trends at two Study areas in northcentral West Virginia along the western ridge of the central Appalachian Mountains. Temperature and precipitation parameters along with mast production were examined to determine if these environmental variables impacted the Population. Based on a 5 y dataset, our results indicate a yearly decrease in the overall population, with adult females most affected, Hard and soft mast availability related to adult female capture rates, whereas temperatures significantly affected juvenile, adult female and overall capture rates. juvenile summer capture rates increased with warmer temperatures the preceding winter. Female summer capture rates decreased with warmer temperatures the preceding spring suggesting that effects of warming should be added as a potential threat to the Allegheny woodrat.
C1 [Manjerovic, Mary Beth; Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
RP Wood, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
EM pbwood@wvu.edu
FU West Virginia Division of Natural Resources; USGS West Virginia
   Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Division of Foresty and
   Natural Resources at West Virginia University
FX Funding was provided by the Wildlife Diversity Program of the West
   Virginia Division of Natural Resources, the USGS West Virginia
   Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Division of Foresty
   and Natural Resources at West Virginia University. The authors thank the
   numerous students and colleagues at West Virginia University for their
   assistance in trapping over the years; in particularly, we thank Ryan
   Myers and Jolin Zuck for use of their trapping data.,J.D. Roth,.J.L Van
   Zant,J. Osbourne, colleagues at University of Central Florida and two
   anonymous provided helpful comments on this manuscript.
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST
PI NOTRE DAME
PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA
SN 0003-0031
J9 AM MIDL NAT
JI Am. Midl. Nat.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 162
IS 1
BP 52
EP 61
DI 10.1674/0003-0031-162.1.52
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 459GD
UT WOS:000267088500006
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, GX
   Dong, HL
   Jiang, HC
   Kukkadapu, RK
   Kim, J
   Eberl, D
   Xu, ZQ
AF Zhang, Gengxin
   Dong, Hailiang
   Jiang, Hongchen
   Kukkadapu, Ravi K.
   Kim, Jinwook
   Eberl, Dennis
   Xu, Zhiqin
TI Biomineralization associated with microbial reduction of Fe3+ and
   oxidation of Fe2+ in solid minerals
SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE CCSD; iron redox cycling; nontronite; subsurface; Thermoanaerobacter
   ethanolicus
ID NITRATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY;
   IRON-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; FERROUS IRON; DEEP SUBSURFACE; ILLITE REACTION;
   ORGANIC-MATTER; NEUTRAL PH; SP-NOV; OXIDE
AB Iron-reducing and oxidizing microorganisms gain energy through reduction or oxidation of iron, and by doing so play an important role in the geochemical cycling of iron. This study was undertaken to investigate mineral transformations associated with microbial reduction of Fe3+ and oxidation of Fe2+ in solid minerals. A fluid sample from the 2450 in depth of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project was collected, and Fe3+-reducing and Fe2+-oxidizing microorganisms were enriched. The enrichment Cultures displayed reduction of Fe3+ in nontronite and ferric citrate, and oxidation of Fe2+ in vivianite, siderite, and monosulfide (FeS). Additional experiments verified that the iron reduction and oxidation was biological. Oxidation of FeS resulted in the formation of goethite, lepidocrocite, and ferrihydrite as products. Although Our molecular microbiological analyses detected Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus as a predominant organism in the enrichment Culture, Fe3+ reduction and Fe2+ oxidation may be accomplished by a consortia of organisms. Our results have important environmental and ecological implications for iron redox cycling in solid minerals in natural environments, where iron mineral transformations may be related to the mobility and solubility of inorganic and organic contaminants.
C1 [Zhang, Gengxin; Dong, Hailiang] Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
   [Jiang, Hongchen] China Univ Geosci, Geomicrobiol Lab, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Kukkadapu, Ravi K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Kim, Jinwook] Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
   [Eberl, Dennis] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Xu, Zhiqin] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 10037, Peoples R China.
RP Zhang, GX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM dongh@muohio.edu
RI Jiang, Hongchen/I-5838-2016
FU CCSD project [2003CB716508]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0201609,
   EAR-0345307]; Ohio Board of Regents; Miami University (Hampton fund);
   National Science Foundation of China [40472064, 40672079]; Geological
   Society of America
FX The CCSD project provided partial support for the field operations (973
   project: 2003CB716508). we are grateful to Chris wood at The Center for
   Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at Miami University for his
   technical support. we thank John Morton for his help in geochemical
   analyses. This work was supported by grants EAR-0201609 and EAR-0345307
   from the National Science Foundation and a Research Challenge grant from
   the Ohio Board of Regents to H.D. An internal grant from Miami
   University (Hampton fund) and grants from National Science Foundation of
   China (40472064, 40672079) provided further support. A student grant
   from the Geological Society of America to G.Z. provided partial support
   for materials and supplies. J.W.K. publishes with NRL contribution
   number NRL/JA/7430-07-03. A portion of the research was performed using
   EMSL. a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of
   Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at
   Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. we are grateful to two anonymous
   reviewers whose constructive comments improved the quality of the
   manuscript.
NR 80
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 23
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 0003-004X
EI 1945-3027
J9 AM MINERAL
JI Am. Miner.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 94
IS 7
BP 1049
EP 1058
DI 10.2138/am.2009.3136
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 472RJ
UT WOS:000268149400023
ER

PT J
AU Levitan, DM
   Hammarstrom, JM
   Gunter, ME
   Seal, RR
   Chou, IM
   Piatak, NM
AF Levitan, Denise M.
   Hammarstrom, Jane M.
   Gunter, Mickey E.
   Seal, Robert R., II
   Chou, I-Ming
   Piatak, Nadine M.
TI Mineralogy of mine waste at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine, Belvidere
   Mountain, Vermont
SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Asbestos; chrysotile; amphibole; mine waste; Raman spectroscopy
ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CHRYSOTILE; AMPHIBOLES; QUEBEC
AB Samples from the surfaces of waste piles at the Vermont Asbestos Group mine in northern Vermont were studied to determine their mineralogy, particularly the presence and morphology of amphiboles. Analyses included powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and Raman spectroscopy. Minerals identified by XRD were serpentine-group minerals, magnetite, chlorite, quartz, olivine, pyroxene, and brucite; locally, mica and carbonates were also present. Raman spectroscopy distinguished antigorite and chrysotile, which could not be differentiated using XRD. Long-count, short-range XRD scans of the (110) amphibole peak showed trace amounts of amphibole in most samples. Examination of amphiboles in tailings by optical microscopy, SEM, and EPMA revealed non-fibrous amphiboles compositionally classified as edenite, magnesiohornblende, magnesiokatophorite, and pargasite. No fibrous amphibole was found in the tailings, although fibrous tremolite was identified in a sample of host rock. Knowledge of the mineralogy at the site may lead to better understanding of potential implications for human health and aid in designing a remediation plan.
C1 [Levitan, Denise M.; Hammarstrom, Jane M.; Seal, Robert R., II; Chou, I-Ming; Piatak, Nadine M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Gunter, Mickey E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Levitan, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM dlevitan@usgs.gov
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 0003-004X
J9 AM MINERAL
JI Am. Miner.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 94
IS 7
BP 1063
EP 1066
DI 10.2138/am.2009.3258
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 472RJ
UT WOS:000268149400025
ER

PT J
AU Bryant, JP
   Clausen, TP
   Swihart, RK
   Landhausser, SM
   Stevens, MT
   Hawkins, CDB
   Carriere, S
   Kirilenko, AP
   Veitch, AM
   Popko, RA
   Cleland, DT
   Williams, JH
   Jakubas, WJ
   Carlson, MR
   Bodony, KL
   Cebrian, M
   Paragi, TF
   Picone, PM
   Moore, JE
   Packee, EC
   Malone, T
AF Bryant, John P.
   Clausen, Thomas P.
   Swihart, Robert K.
   Landhaeusser, Simon M.
   Stevens, Michael T.
   Hawkins, Christopher D. B.
   Carriere, Suzanne
   Kirilenko, Andrei P.
   Veitch, Alasdair M.
   Popko, Richard A.
   Cleland, David T.
   Williams, Joseph H.
   Jakubas, Walter J.
   Carlson, Michael R.
   Bodony, Karin Lehmkuhl
   Cebrian, Merben
   Paragi, Thomas F.
   Picone, Peter M.
   Moore, Jeffrey E.
   Packee, Edmond C.
   Malone, Thomas
TI Fire Drives Transcontinental Variation in Tree Birch Defense against
   Browsing by Snowshoe Hares
SO AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE tree birch; snowshoe hare; forest fire; antibrowsing defense; selection
   mosaic
ID WINTER CHEMICAL DEFENSE; CARBON NUTRIENT BALANCE; BETULA-PENDULA ROTH;
   ALASKA PAPER BIRCH; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; POPULATION BIOLOGY;
   WOODY-PLANTS; SALT MARSHES; ARMS-RACE; SELECTION
AB Fire has been the dominant disturbance in boreal America since the Pleistocene, resulting in a spatial mosaic in which the most fire occurs in the continental northwest. Spatial variation in snowshoe hare ( Lepus americanus) density reflects the fire mosaic. Because fire initiates secondary forest succession, a fire mosaic creates variation in the abundance of early successional plants that snowshoe hares eat in winter, leading to geographic variation in hare density. We hypothesize that fire is the template for a geographic mosaic of natural selection: where fire is greatest and hares are most abundant, hare browsing has most strongly selected juvenile-phase woody plants for defense. We tested the hypothesis at multiple spatial scales using Alaska birch (Betula neoalaskana) and white birch (Betula papyrifera). We also examined five alternative hypotheses for geographic variation in antibrowsing defense. The fire-hare-defense hypothesis was supported at transcontinental, regional, and local scales; alternative hypotheses were rejected. Our results link transcontinental variation in species interactions to an abiotic environmental driver, fire. Intakes of defense toxins by Alaskan hares exceed those by Wisconsin hares, suggesting that the proposed selection mosaic may coincide with a geographic mosaic of coevolution.
C1 [Clausen, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Swihart, Robert K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Landhaeusser, Simon M.] Univ Alberta, Ctr Enhanced Forest Management, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
   [Stevens, Michael T.] Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Turlock, CA 95382 USA.
   [Hawkins, Christopher D. B.] Univ No British Columbia, Forestry Program, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada.
   [Carriere, Suzanne] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S8, Canada.
   [Kirilenko, Andrei P.] Univ N Dakota, Sch Aerosp Sci, Dept Earth Sci Sci & Policy, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
   [Veitch, Alasdair M.; Popko, Richard A.] Govt NW Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Norman Wells, NT X0E 0V0, Canada.
   [Cleland, David T.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Reg Off, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA.
   [Cleland, David T.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA.
   [Williams, Joseph H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Jakubas, Walter J.] Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Bangor, ME 04401 USA.
   [Carlson, Michael R.] Kalamalka Forestry Ctr, British Columbia Minist Forests & Range, Vernon, BC V1B 2C7, Canada.
   [Bodony, Karin Lehmkuhl] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Galena, AK 99741 USA.
   [Cebrian, Merben] US Dept Interior Bur Land Management, Glennallen Field Off, Glennallen, AK 99588 USA.
   [Paragi, Thomas F.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat Reg 3, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
   [Picone, Peter M.] Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Sess Woods Wildlife Management Area, Burlington, CT 06013 USA.
   [Moore, Jeffrey E.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
   [Packee, Edmond C.; Malone, Thomas] Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Sch Nat Resources & Agr Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Bryant, JP (reprint author), Box 306, Cora, WY 82825 USA.
EM ffjpb@wyoming.com
RI Williams, Joseph/E-2227-2011; Swihart, Rob/D-2787-2016; Landhausser,
   Simon/F-9910-2016; 
OI Landhausser, Simon/0000-0002-4466-1607; Stevens,
   Michael/0000-0003-3267-2285
FU National Science Foundation
FX M. Price and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on the
   manuscript. We thank the following organizations and individuals for
   providing fire data, birch collection coordinates, and birch twig
   samples: museums of the University of Alaska, University of Alberta,
   University of British Columbia, University of Toronto, University of
   Manitoba-Province of Manitoba; Daishowa-Marubeni International Peace
   River Pulp Division, Manitoba Forestry Association, Service Canadian des
   Forets/Centre de Foresterie des Laurentides, University of Alaska School
   of Natural Resources, U. S. Department of Interior Bureau of Land
   Management Alaska Fire Service, Manitoba Forestry Association, National
   Tree Seed Centre of Canada, Prince Albert National Park, Connecticut
   Department of Natural Resources, Whiteshell Nuclear Research
   Establishment, Lawyer's Nurseries, J. Agapow, M. Ayers, A. Batten, S.
   Brown, F. S. Chapin III, B. Charlton, R. Cross, B. Daigle, R. Decker, T.
   Dickenson, J. Dugle, D. Frandsen, S. Gauthier, L. Halladay, J. Klapecki,
   K. Knowles, F. Niemei, M. O'Donoghue, C. Parker, H. Piene, I. Pines, T.
   Powel, E. Punter, I. Waters, and J. Zasada. Alaska temperature data were
   provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing
   Laboratory under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation.
NR 84
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 4
U2 26
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0003-0147
J9 AM NAT
JI Am. Nat.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 174
IS 1
BP 13
EP 23
DI 10.1086/599304
PG 11
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 452UJ
UT WOS:000266566400002
PM 19422319
ER

PT J
AU Borrok, DM
   Wanty, RB
   Ridley, WI
   Lamothe, PJ
   Kimball, BA
   Verplanck, PL
   Runkel, RL
AF Borrok, David M.
   Wanty, Richard B.
   Ridley, W. Ian
   Lamothe, Paul J.
   Kimball, Briant A.
   Verplanck, Philip L.
   Runkel, Robert L.
TI Application of iron and zinc isotopes to track the sources and
   mechanisms of metal loading in a mountain watershed
SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; FE ISOTOPES; FRACTIONATION; ZN; FE(III); COLORADO;
   ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION; REDUCTION
AB Here the hydrogeochemical constraints of a tracer dilution study are combined with Fe and Zn isotopic measurements to pinpoint metal loading sources and attenuation mechanisms in an alpine watershed impacted by acid mine drainage. In the tested mountain catchment, delta(56) Fe and delta(66) Zn isotopic signatures of filtered stream water samples varied by similar to 3.5 parts per thousand. and 0.4 parts per thousand, respectively. The inherent differences in the aqueous geochemistry of Fe and Zn provided complimentary isotopic information. For example, variations in delta(56)Fe were linked to redox and precipitation reactions occurring in the stream, while changes in delta(66)Zn were indicative of conservative mixing of different Zn sources. Fen environments contributed distinctively light dissolved Fe (<-2.0 parts per thousand) and isotopically heavy suspended Fe precipitates to the watershed, while Zn from the fen was isotopically heavy (>+0.4 parts per thousand.). Acidic drainage from mine wastes contributed heavier dissolved Fe (similar to+0.5 parts per thousand) and lighter Zn (similar to+0.2 parts per thousand) isotopes relative to the fen. Upwelling of Fe-rich groundwater near the mouth of the catchment was the major source of Fe (delta(56)Fe similar to 0 parts per thousand.) leaving the watershed in surface flow, while runoff from mining wastes was the major source of Zn. The results suggest that given a strong framework for interpretation, Fe and Zn isotopes are useful tools for identifying and tracking metal sources and attenuation mechanisms in mountain watersheds. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Borrok, David M.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
   [Wanty, Richard B.; Ridley, W. Ian; Lamothe, Paul J.; Verplanck, Philip L.; Runkel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Kimball, Briant A.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
RP Borrok, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
EM dborrok@utep.edu
FU US Geological Survey's (USGS) Mineral and Crustal Resources Programs;
   Mendenhall Post-Doctotal Fellowship Program; Toxic Substances Hydrology
   Program
FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey's (USGS) Mineral and
   Crustal Resources Programs, Mendenhall Post-Doctotal Fellowship Program
   (for Borrok), and Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. We thank Katie
   Walton-Day, David Nimick, Ray Johnson, George Breit, Monique Adams, and
   Ruth Wolf for providing assistance with field sampling and/or laboratory
   analysis. Tom Bullen and Andy Manning provided helpful feedback on early
   drafts of the manuscript. The manuscript also benefited greatly from the
   input of two anonymous reviewers, and a thorough review provided by the
   Editor, Ron Fuge. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this paper
   is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement
   by the USGS.
NR 49
TC 27
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 29
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0883-2927
J9 APPL GEOCHEM
JI Appl. Geochem.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 7
BP 1270
EP 1277
DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.03.010
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 476BP
UT WOS:000268412100011
ER

PT J
AU Elsey-Quirk, T
   Middleton, BA
   Proffitt, CE
AF Elsey-Quirk, Tracy
   Middleton, Beth A.
   Proffitt, C. Edward
TI Seed flotation and germination of salt marsh plants: The effects of
   stratification, salinity, and/or inundation regime
SO AQUATIC BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
DE Dormancy; Flooding; Hydrochory; Seed morphology; Requirement
ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; DISPERSAL; REGENERATION;
   HALOPHYTES; DYNAMICS; GROWTH
AB We examined the effects of cold stratification and salinity on seed flotation of eight salt marsh species. Four of the eight species were tested for germination success under different stratification, salinity, and flooding conditions. Species were separated into two groups, four species received wet stratification and four dry stratification and fresh seeds of all species were tested for flotation and germination. Fresh seeds of seven out of eight species had flotation times independent of salinity, six of which had average flotation times of at least 50 d. Seeds of Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens had the shortest flotation times, averaging 24 and 26 d, respectively. Following wet stratification, the notation time of S. alterniflora seeds in higher salinity water (15 and 36 ppt) was reduced by over 75% and germination declined by more than 90%. Wet stratification reduced the flotation time of Distichlis spicata seeds in fresh water but increased seed germination from 2 to 16% in a fluctuating inundation regime. Fresh seeds of Iva frutescens and S. alternflora were capable of germination and therefore are non-dormant during dispersal. Fresh seeds of I. frutescens had similar germination to dry stratified seeds ranging 25-30%. Salinity reduced seed germination for all species except for S. alterniflora. A fluctuating inundation regime was important for seed germination of the low marsh species and for germination following cold stratification. The conditions that resulted in seeds sinking faster were similar to the conditions that resulted in higher germination for two of four species. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Elsey-Quirk, Tracy] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA.
   [Middleton, Beth A.] USGS Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
   [Proffitt, C. Edward] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA.
RP Elsey-Quirk, T (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, 700 Pilottown Rd,Smith Bldg, Lewes, DE 19958 USA.
EM telsey@udel.edu
OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326
FU US Geological Survey
FX The authors thank B. Quirk and A. Quirk for helping to establish
   experiments and D. Johnson for reviewing statistical analyses. The US
   Geological Survey provided funding, a greenhouse, and logistical support
   for this project. We thank Sabine National Wildlife Refuge for access to
   seed collection sites.
NR 37
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 5
U2 38
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3770
J9 AQUAT BOT
JI Aquat. Bot.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 91
IS 1
BP 40
EP 46
DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.02.001
PG 7
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 442DD
UT WOS:000265819200006
ER

PT J
AU Clark, KE
   Zhao, Y
   Kane, CM
AF Clark, Kathleen E.
   Zhao, Yuan
   Kane, Cynthia M.
TI Organochlorine Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins, and Metals in Postterm
   Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) Eggs from the Mid-Atlantic States,
   1993-1999
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE;
   MERCURY; BIRDS; PREY; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENTS; RESIDUES
AB Peregrine falcons were extirpated from the eastern United States by 1964 due to the effects of dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane (DDT) (Peakall and Kiff 1988). As a result of restoration efforts, peregrines have largely recovered in the region but remain a barometer of environmental contamination. In the course of monitoring nests, biologists in the mid-Atlantic states collected peregrine falcon eggs that failed to hatch. In the period 1993-1999, 93 eggs were collected from 66 nests in 31 locations in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. We analyzed eggs for organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and metals, and calculated toxic equivalencies (TEQs) for dioxins and furans. Organochlorine contaminants were detected in eggs from all parts of the region. Although nest success in all parts of the region was good, the PCB TEQ in the Atlantic-New Jersey region was significantly related to nest success, and the regionwide PCB TEQ was nearly significant for nest success across the five-state area. dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE), DDT, and total PCBs were negatively correlated with eggshell thickness, although eggshell thinning (10.4%) was not at a level associated with deleterious population effects. The five states represented in this study are productive for peregrine falcons and have contributed to the recovery of this species. However, the results suggest that Atlantic coastal peregrines might be subject to contaminant burdens that have the potential to decrease nest success and productivity.
C1 [Clark, Kathleen E.] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Woodbine, NJ 08270 USA.
   [Zhao, Yuan] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
   [Kane, Cynthia M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Virginia Field Off, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA.
RP Clark, KE (reprint author), New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, 2201 Route 631, Woodbine, NJ 08270 USA.
EM Kathy.Clark@hughes.net
FU US Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We wish to thank those who field-checked peregrine falcon nests and
   collected eggs in the five states that participated in this study,
   including coordinating biologists: D. Brauning, C. Heckscher, C. Koppie,
   and B. Watts. We also thank Dr. M C. Newman who provided guidance on
   statistical analysis. This study was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife
   Service with contributions from the states. We appreciate the
   improvements suggested by two anonymous reviewers.
NR 56
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 50
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 57
IS 1
BP 174
EP 184
DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9248-9
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 448MH
UT WOS:000266266200019
PM 18853082
ER

PT J
AU Tipton, HC
   Doherty, PF
   Dreitz, VJ
AF Tipton, Heather C.
   Doherty, Paul F., Jr.
   Dreitz, Victoria J.
TI ABUNDANCE AND DENSITY OF MOUNTAIN PLOVER (CHARADRIUS MONTANUS) AND
   BURROWING OWL (ATHENE CUNICULARIA) IN EASTERN COLORADO
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
DE abundance; Athene cunicularia; Burrowing Owl; Charadrius montanus;
   double-observer methods; Mountain Plover; shortgrass prairie
ID BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE; DETECTION PROBABILITY; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS;
   POPULATION-SIZE; DOG; MOVEMENTS; PLAINS
AB Because of continental-scale declines of grassland birds over the past century, conservation agendas are focused oil increasing understanding of grassland bird ecology and habitat associations. Shortgrass prairie is a unique grassland ecosystem maintained, in part, by Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). The Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) and western BurrowingOwl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) are species of conservation concern known to be associated with prairie dog colonies. We estimated abundance of Mountain Plovers and Burrowing Owls in three habitats within the Colorado shortgrass prairie ecosystem-prairie dog colonies, grassland not occupied by prairie dogs, and dryland agriculture. Further, we investigated habitat associations of Mountain Plovers and Burrowing Owls at multiple landscape scales. We estimated 8,577 Mountain Plovers (95% CI: 7,511-35,130) and 3,554 Burrowing Owls (95% CI: 3,298-8,445) in eastern Colorado. Mountain Plover density oil prairie dog colony plots ((D) over cap = 2.26 birds per 1.00 ha, 95% CI: 2.15-5.13) was significantly higher than densities oil either grassland ((D) over cap = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17-1.76) or dryland-agriculture plots ((D) over cap = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.44-0.53). Burrowing Owl density on prairie dog colony plots ((D) over cap = 3.04 birds per 100 ha, 95% Cl: 2.82-6.92) was significantly higher than densities on either grassland ((D) over cap = 0.044, 95% CI: 0.041-0.12) or dryland-agriculture plots (no Burrowing Owls detected). Our results suggest that increased prairie dog colonies Would positively influence the abundance of Mountain Plover and Burrowing Owl. Received 14 October 2007 accepted 9 January 2009.
C1 [Tipton, Heather C.; Doherty, Paul F., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Dreitz, Victoria J.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Tipton, HC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1339 20th St, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA.
EM heather_tipton@fws.gov
FU Colorado Division of Wildlife; Colorado State University; Colorado
   Chapter of The Wildlife Society
FX We thank the hundreds of private landowners throughout eastern Colorado
   who allowed access to their lands. We also thank the Colorado Division
   of Wildlife, Colorado State University, and the Colorado Chapter of The
   Wildlife Society for financial support. The Division of Wildlife Area
   and Wildlife Managers, the Shortgrass Steppe Long-term Ecological
   Research Center, and the U.S. Forest Service at the Pawnee and Comanche
   National Grasslands supplied additional logistic support. B. R. Noon and
   D. M. Theobald assisted with study design. GIS data were provided by M.
   Hattis, J. Kindler, G. Mason, S. McClean, S. McFarland, M. Menefee, and
   D. M. Theobald. Field assistance was provided by L. Dennis, M. Gilbert,
   P. Hargis, J. Hoffman, Z. Holderby, L. Juliusson, T. Paul, M. Prasek,
   and J. Waite. E. Bergman, B. Walker, two anonymous reviewers, and D. H.
   Johnson provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript.
NR 42
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 22
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
EI 1938-4254
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 126
IS 3
BP 493
EP 499
DI 10.1525/auk.2009.07172
PG 7
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 484BY
UT WOS:000269019500003
ER

PT J
AU Chesser, RT
   Banks, RC
   Barker, FK
   Cicero, C
   Dunn, JL
   Kratter, AW
   Lovette, IJ
   Rasmussen, PC
   Remsen, JV
   Rising, JD
   Stotz, DF
   Winker, K
AF Chesser, R. Terry
   Banks, Richard C.
   Barker, F. Keith
   Cicero, Carla
   Dunn, Jon L.
   Kratter, Andrew W.
   Lovette, Irby J.
   Rasmussen, Pamela C.
   Remsen, J. V., Jr.
   Rising, James D.
   Stotz, Douglas F.
   Winker, Kevin
TI FIFTIETH SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST OF
   NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; GENUS;
   PERSPECTIVE; MORPHOLOGY; THRUSHES; AVES
C1 [Chesser, R. Terry; Banks, Richard C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
   [Barker, F. Keith] Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   [Cicero, Carla] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Kratter, Andrew W.] Univ Florence, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Lovette, Irby J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
   [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Remsen, J. V., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Rising, James D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
   [Stotz, Douglas F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
   [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-111,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
EM chessert@si.edu
RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014; Lovette,
   Irby/P-3477-2014
OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104; 
NR 64
TC 16
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 126
IS 3
BP 705
EP 714
DI 10.1525/auk.2009.8709
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 484BY
UT WOS:000269019500028
ER

PT J
AU Schloegel, LM
   Picco, AM
   Kilpatrick, AM
   Davies, AJ
   Hyatt, AD
   Daszak, P
AF Schloegel, Lisa M.
   Picco, Angela M.
   Kilpatrick, A. Marm
   Davies, Angela J.
   Hyatt, Alex D.
   Daszak, Peter
TI Magnitude of the US trade in amphibians and presence of Batrachochytrium
   dendrobatidis and ranavirus infection in imported North American
   bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Chytridiomycosis; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Wildlife trade;
   Amphibian declines; Ranavirus
ID TIME TAQMAN PCR; POPULATION DECLINES; EMERGING PATHOGEN; CHYTRID FUNGUS;
   CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; FROGS; DISEASE; EXTINCTIONS; PREVALENCE; WIDESPREAD
AB Amphibians are globally threatened by anthropogenic habitat loss, the wildlife trade and emerging diseases. Previous authors have hypothesized that the spread of the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and amphibian ranaviruses are associated with the international trade in live amphibians. The North American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is thought to be a carrier of these pathogens, is globally traded as a live commodity, and is sold live in US markets. We obtained importation data for all live amphibians, and parts thereof, into three major US ports of entry (Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York) from 2000 to 2005. Importation of live amphibians into these ports totaled almost 28 million individuals over this 6-year period. We collected samples from freshly-imported market frogs and found infection with both pathogens in all three cities and all seasons, with an overall infection prevalence of 62% (306/493) and 8.5% (50/588) for B. dendrobatidis and ranaviruses, respectively, by PCR. This study definitively identifies these two important pathogens in recently imported live market frogs and suggests that the amphibian trade can contribute to introductions of these pathogens into new regions. It provides support for the recent listing of B. dendrobatidis and ranaviral diseases by the OIE, and provides evidence for measures to be taken to eradicate these pathogens from the trade. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Schloegel, Lisa M.; Kilpatrick, A. Marm; Daszak, Peter] Wildlife Trust, Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA.
   [Picco, Angela M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA.
   [Kilpatrick, A. Marm] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Schloegel, Lisa M.; Davies, Angela J.; Daszak, Peter] Kingston Univ, Sch Life Sci, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, Surrey, England.
   [Hyatt, Alex D.] CSIRO Livestock Ind, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia.
RP Schloegel, LM (reprint author), Wildlife Trust, Consortium Conservat Med, 460 W 34th St,17th Floor, New York, NY 10001 USA.
EM schloegel@wildlifetrust.org; Angela_Picco@fws.gov;
   marm@biology.ucsc.edu; ajdavies.russell@kingston.ac.uk;
   alex.hyatt@csiro.au; daszak@wildlifetrust.org
FU The New York Community Trust; The Eppley Foundation; National Science
   Foundation [DEB-02133851]; NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases
   [EF0622391]; US Fish and Wildlife Service
FX This study was funded by The New York Community Trust, The Eppley
   Foundation, the National Science Foundation (IRCEB Grant DEB-02133851;
   NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Grant EF0622391) and core
   fundingto the Consortium forConservation Medicine from the V. Kann
   Rasmussen Foundation. We would also like to thank Christine Schneider,
   Kari L. Schmidt and Nikkita Patel for assistance in sample collections
   and Gary Townsend at the US Fish and Wildlife Service for data
   acquisition and support. Also thanks to Dr. James P. Collins, Dr. Cheryl
   Briggs, Dr. O. Roger Anderson, Dr. David Porter, and Dr. Victoria
   Vazquez for use of laboratory resources.
NR 39
TC 92
Z9 100
U1 9
U2 79
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 142
IS 7
BP 1420
EP 1426
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.007
PG 7
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 455IP
UT WOS:000266752500018
ER

PT J
AU Niles, LJ
   Sitters, HP
   Dey, AD
   Bart, J
   Baker, AJ
   Morrison, RIG
   Kalasz, KS
   Clark, NA
AF Niles, Lawrence J.
   Sitters, Humphrey P.
   Dey, Amanda D.
   Bart, Jonathan
   Baker, Allan J.
   Morrison, R. I. Guy
   Kalasz, Kevin S.
   Clark, Nigel A.
TI An Incomplete Analysis Response
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Niles, Lawrence J.] Conserve Wildlife Fdn New Jersey, Bordentown, NJ USA.
   [Sitters, Humphrey P.] Int Wader Study Grp, Exeter, Devon, England.
   [Dey, Amanda D.] New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Endangered & Nongame Species Program, Trenton, NJ USA.
   [Bart, Jonathan] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID USA.
   [Baker, Allan J.] Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Morrison, R. I. Guy] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
   [Kalasz, Kevin S.] Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, Nat Heritage & Endangered Species Program, Dover, DE USA.
   [Clark, Nigel A.] British Trust Ornithol, Norfolk, VA USA.
RP Niles, LJ (reprint author), Conserve Wildlife Fdn New Jersey, Bordentown, NJ USA.
EM larry.niles@conservewildlifenj.org
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2009
VL 59
IS 7
BP 541
EP 542
DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.7.21
PG 2
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 470ZZ
UT WOS:000268022600003
ER

PT J
AU Smith, DR
   Hallerman, EM
   Millard, MJ
   Sweka, JA
   Weber, RG
AF Smith, David R.
   Hallerman, Eric M.
   Millard, Michael J.
   Sweka, John A.
   Weber, Richard G.
TI An Incomplete Analysis
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
ID DELAWARE BAY
C1 [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV USA.
   [Hallerman, Eric M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA.
   [Hallerman, Eric M.] Virginia Tech, Horseshoe Crab Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA USA.
   [Millard, Michael J.; Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA USA.
   [Weber, Richard G.] Delaware Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Dover, DE USA.
RP Smith, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV USA.
EM drsmith@usgs.gov
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2009
VL 59
IS 7
BP 541
EP 541
DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.7.20
PG 1
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 470ZZ
UT WOS:000268022600002
ER

PT J
AU Pausas, JG
   Keeley, JE
AF Pausas, Juli G.
   Keeley, Jon E.
TI A Burning Story: The Role of Fire in the History of Life
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE fire regime; fire history; fire ecology; plant evolution; human
   evolution
ID GESHER-BENOT-YAAQOV; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN; PERSISTENCE TRAITS;
   SEED-GERMINATION; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEMS; REGIMES; CLIMATE; FOREST;
   PLANTS
AB Ecologists, biogeographers, and paleobotanists have long thought that climate and soils controlled the distribution of ecosystems, with the role of fire getting only limited appreciation. Here we review evidence from different disciplines demonstrating that wildfire appeared concomitant with the origin of terrestrial plants and played an important role throughout the history of life. The importance of fire has waxed and waned in association with changes in climate and paleoatmospheric conditions. Well before the emergence of humans on Earth, fire played a key role in the origins of plant adaptations as well as in the distribution of ecosystems. Humans initiated a new stage in ecosystem fire, using it to make the Earth more suited to their lifestyle. However, as human populations have expanded their use of fire, their actions have come to dominate some ecosystems and change natural processes in ways that threaten the sustainability of some landscapes.
C1 [Pausas, Juli G.] Spanish Natl Res Council, Ctr Invest Desertificac, Valencia, Spain.
   [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA USA.
   [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Pausas, JG (reprint author), Spanish Natl Res Council, Ctr Invest Desertificac, Valencia, Spain.
EM juli.g.pausas@uv.es; jon_keeley@usgs.gov
RI Pausas, Juli/C-5794-2008
OI Pausas, Juli/0000-0003-3533-5786
FU PERSIST [CGL2006-07126/BOS]; GRACCIE [SCD2007-00067]; Consejo Superior
   de Investigaciones Cientificas; University of Valencia; Generalitat
   Valenciana
FX This work has been partially financed by the Spanish projects PERSIST
   (CGL2006-07126/BOS) and GRACCIE (SCD2007-00067, Consolider-Ingenio 2010,
   CEAM). Centro de Investigacion sobre Desertificacion is financed by
   Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, the University of
   Valencia, and Generalitat Valenciana. We thank the reviewers for their
   insights. This research was part of the US Geological Survey
   Multi-hazards Demonstration Project. Any use of trade, product, or firm
   names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not
   imply endorsement by the US government.
NR 62
TC 250
Z9 253
U1 21
U2 141
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2009
VL 59
IS 7
BP 593
EP 601
DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.7.10
PG 9
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 470ZZ
UT WOS:000268022600012
ER

PT J
AU Cunha-Lignon, M
   Mahiques, MM
   Schaeffer-Novelli, Y
   Rodrigues, M
   Klein, DA
   Goya, SC
   Menghini, RP
   Tolentino, CC
   Cintron-Molero, G
   Dahdouh-Guebas, F
AF Cunha-Lignon, Marilia
   Mahiques, Michel M.
   Schaeffer-Novelli, Yara
   Rodrigues, Marcelo
   Klein, Daniel A.
   Goya, Samara C.
   Menghini, Ricardo P.
   Tolentino, Clodoaldo C.
   Cintron-Molero, Gilberto
   Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid
TI ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE FOREST SUCCESSION, USING SEDIMENT CORES: A CASE
   STUDY IN THE CANANEIA-IGUAPE COASTAL SYSTEM, SAO PAULO-BRAZIL
SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Sediment cores; Mangrove; Zonation; Succession; Cananeia-Iguape Coastal
   System; Brazil
ID LONG-TERM RETROSPECTION; SEA-LEVEL; DYNAMICS; GEOMORPHOLOGY;
   COMMUNITIES; AUSTRALIA; ECOLOGY; ESTUARY; FLORIDA; MEXICO
AB Sediment cores are an essential tool for the analysis of the dynamics of mangrove succession. Coring was used to correlate changes in depositional environments and lateral sedimentary facies with discrete stages of forest succession at the Cananeia-Iguape Coastal System in southeastern Brazil. A local level successional pattern was examined based on four core series T1) a sediment bank; T2) a smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora bank; T3) an active mangrove progradation fringe dominated by Laguncularia racemosa, and; T4) a mature mangrove forest dominated by Avicennia schaueriana. Cores were macroscopically described in terms of color, texture, sedimentary structure and organic components. The base of all cores exhibited a similar pattern suggesting common vertical progressive changes in depositional conditions and subsequent successional colonization pattern throughout the forest. The progradation zone is an exposed bank, colonized by S. alterniflora. L. racemosa, replaces S. alterniflora as progradation takes place. As the substrate consolidates A. schaueriana replaces L. racemosa and attains the greatest structural development in the mature forest. Cores collected within the A. schaueriana dominated stand contained S. alterniflora fragments near the base, confirming that a smooth cordgrass habitat characterized the establishment and early seral stages. Cores provide a reliable approach to describe local-level successional sequences in dynamic settings subject to drivers operating on multiple temporal and spatial scales where spatial heterogeneity can lead to multiple equilibria and where similar successional end-points may be reached through convergent paths.
C1 [Cunha-Lignon, Marilia; Mahiques, Michel M.; Schaeffer-Novelli, Yara; Rodrigues, Marcelo; Klein, Daniel A.; Goya, Samara C.; Menghini, Ricardo P.; Tolentino, Clodoaldo C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, BR-05508120 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
   [Cunha-Lignon, Marilia] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Organismes, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
   [Cintron-Molero, Gilberto] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
   [Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid] Vrije Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
RP Cunha-Lignon, M (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Praca Oceanog,191, BR-05508120 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
EM cunham@usp.br
RI Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid/B-9154-2008; Mahiques, Michel/D-1526-2010; Cunha
   Lignon, Marilia/B-8953-2012
OI Mahiques, Michel/0000-0002-5249-5610; 
FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [01/13477-2];
   Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF)
FX This study was undertaken with the financial support of the Fundacao de
   Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo ( process No 01/13477-2) and
   Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF).
NR 46
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 19
PU INST OCEANOGRAFICO, UNIV SAO PAULO
PI SAO PAULO
PA PRACA DO OCEANOGRAFICO, 191, CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA, SAO PAULO, SP 00000,
   BRAZIL
SN 1679-8759
J9 BRAZ J OCEANOGR
JI Braz. J. Oceanogr.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2009
VL 57
IS 3
BP 161
EP 174
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 499OM
UT WOS:000270232800001
ER

PT J
AU Clague, DA
   Calvert, AT
AF Clague, David A.
   Calvert, Andrew T.
TI Postshield stage transitional volcanism on Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii
SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hawaii; Volcanism; Ar-Ar ages; Eruptive stages; He isotopes
ID NOBLE-GAS; EVOLUTION; LAVAS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GROWTH; ISLAND; RIDGE; AGES
AB Age spectra from (40)Ar/(39)Ar incremental heating experiments yield ages of 298 +/- 25 ka and 310 +/- 31 ka for transitional composition lavas from two cones on submarine Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii. These ages are younger than the inferred end of the tholeiitic shield stage and indicate that the volcano had entered the postshield alkalic stage before going extinct. Previously reported elevated helium isotopic ratios of lavas from one of these cones were incorrectly interpreted to indicate eruption during a preshield alkalic stage. Consequently, high helium isotopic ratios are a poor indicator of eruptive stage, as they occur in preshield, shield, and postshield stage lavas. Loihi Seamount and Kilauea are the only known Hawaiian volcanoes where the volume of preshield alkalic stage lavas can be estimated.
C1 [Clague, David A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
   [Calvert, Andrew T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Clague, DA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
EM clague@mbari.org
FU NSF [OCE-00-02470]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation
FX We thank Gabi Laske, chief scientist of cruise TUIM01 on the R/V
   Melville in 2005 for providing the time to complete the dredge after the
   PLUME seismometer array was deployed. Alice Davis provided the
   microprobe analyses of the D6 glasses, which were completed at the US
   Geological Survey in Menlo Park, CA. Argon geochronology was funded by
   the USGS Volcano Hazards Program, and James Saburomaru assisted with the
   analyses. The TUIM01 cruise was supported by NSF grant OCE-00-02470. DAC
   was supported by a grant to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
   from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Careful reviews by Tom
   Sisson, Bob Fleck, Tekeshi Hanyu, and associate editor Setsuya Nakada
   improved the manuscript.
NR 27
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0258-8900
J9 B VOLCANOL
JI Bull. Volcanol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 71
IS 5
BP 533
EP 539
DI 10.1007/s00445-008-0240-z
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 462EN
UT WOS:000267330000004
ER

PT J
AU Muhlfeld, CC
   McMahon, TE
   Belcer, D
   Kershner, JL
AF Muhlfeld, Clint C.
   McMahon, Thomas E.
   Belcer, Durae
   Kershner, Jeffrey L.
TI Spatial and temporal spawning dynamics of native westslope cutthroat
   trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, introduced rainbow trout,
   Oncorhynchus mykiss, and their hybrids
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; RIVER DRAINAGE;
   GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; O-MYKISS; MARKERS; SALMONIDS;
   MICROSATELLITE; CONSERVATION
AB We used radiotelemetry to assess spatial and temporal spawning distributions of native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi; WCT), introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; RBT), and their hybrids in the upper Flathead River system, Montana (USA) and British Columbia (Canada), from 2000 to 2007. Radio-tagged trout (N = 125) moved upriver towards spawning sites as flows increased during spring runoff and spawned in 29 tributaries. WCT migrated greater distances and spawned in headwater streams during peak flows and as flows declined, whereas RBT and RBT hybrids (backcrosses to RBT) spawned earlier during increasing flows and lower in the system. WCT hybrids (backcrosses to WCT) spawned intermediately in time and space to WCT and RBT and RBT hybrids. Both hybrid groups and RBT, however, spawned over time periods that produced temporal overlap with spawning WCT in most years. Our data indicate that hybridization is spreading via long-distance movements of individuals with high amounts of RBT admixture into WCT streams and stepping-stone invasion at small scales by later generation backcrosses. This study provides evidence that hybridization increases the likelihood of reproductive overlap in time and space, promoting extinction by introgression, and that the spread of hybridization is likely to continue if hybrid source populations are not reduced or eliminated.
C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
   [McMahon, Thomas E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Belcer, Durae] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA.
   [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Off, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov
FU Bonneville Power Administration; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks
FX Bonneville Power Administration and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks
   provided funding for this work. Genetic analysis was conducted at the
   Conservation Genetics Laboratory, Missoula, Montana. We thank Robb
   Leary, Sally Painter, Paul Spruell, and Kathy Knudsen for conducting the
   genetic analyses. We thank Bob Gresswell, Steven Kalinowski, Matthew
   Boyer, Brian Marotz, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful
   suggestions and comments. Field data were collected by Steve Glutting,
   Rick Hunt, John Wachsmuth, and Matthew Boyer. Brian Marotz and Joel
   Tohtz provided logistical and administrative support during this
   project. We thank Steve Glutting for providing Fig. 1.
NR 69
TC 34
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 31
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 7
BP 1153
EP 1168
DI 10.1139/F09-073
PG 16
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 469CY
UT WOS:000267874300012
ER

PT J
AU Schotthoefer, AM
   Bolek, MG
   Cole, RA
   Beasley, VR
AF Schotthoefer, Anna M.
   Bolek, Matthew G.
   Cole, Rebecca A.
   Beasley, Val R.
TI Parasites of the Mink Frog (Rana septentrionalis) from Minnesota, USA
SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Rana septentrionalis; mink frog; helminths; Minnesota; echinostomatid;
   Fibricola; plagiorchiid; Apharyngostrigea pipientis; Haematoloechus
   parviplexus; Haematoloechus longiplexus; Haematoloechus breviplexus;
   Gorgodera amplicava; Gorgoderina multilobata; Cephalogonimus americanus;
   Loxogenes arcanum; Oswaldocruzia pipiens; Cosmocercoides dukae;
   Trypanosoma pipientis
ID BUFO-AMERICANUS; UNITED-STATES; LIMB MALFORMATIONS; SEASONAL-CHANGES;
   ALGONQUIAN PARK; DEROCERAS-LAEVE; LEOPARD FROGS; NEW-BRUNSWICK; GREEN
   FROGS; NEMATODA
AB Twenty-two mink frogs, Rana septentrionalis, collected from two locations in Minnesota, United States, were examined for helminth and Protozoan blood parasites in July 1999. A total of 16 parasite taxa were recovered including 5 larval digenean trematodes, 7 adult digenean trematodes, 3 nematodes, and 1 Trypanosoma species. Infracommunities were dominated by the digeneans in terms of richness and abundance. In particular, echinostomatid metacercariae in the kidneys of frogs were the most common parasites found, infecting 100% of the frogs and consisting of about 90% of all helminth individuals recovered. Gorgodera amplicava, Gorgoderina multilobata, Haematoloechus parviplexus, Haematoloechus breviplexus, Cosmocercoides dukae, and Oswaldocruzia pipiens represent new host records. The survey presented here represents the second known helminth survey of mink frogs conducted in North America. A Summary of metazoan parasites reported from mink frogs is included.
C1 [Schotthoefer, Anna M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA.
   [Bolek, Matthew G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
   [Cole, Rebecca A.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
   [Beasley, Val R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA.
RP Schotthoefer, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, 3150 Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
EM gve3@cdc.gov; bolek@okstate.edu; RCole@usgs.gov; val@illinois.edu
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR [EPA: R82-5867]
FX We Would like to thank J. E. Murphy for collecting frogs, the late D. R.
   Sutherland for help in necropsying the frogs, and A. V. Koehler for
   reading blood films. We also greatly acknowledge A. Jim6nez-Ruiz of the
   Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska
   State Museum, for providing specimens of gorgoderids for comparisons.
   Additionally, M.G.B. thanks Cedar Point Biological Station, University
   of NebraskaLincoln, for use of facilities. Funding was provided by a
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR (EPA: R82-5867) grant to
   V.R.B. Although the research described in this article has been funded
   in part by the EPA, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and,
   therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no
   official endorsement should be inferred.
NR 58
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 12
PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON
PI LAWRENCE
PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS
   66044 USA
SN 1525-2647
J9 COMP PARASITOL
JI Comp. Parasitol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 76
IS 2
BP 240
EP 246
DI 10.1654/4353.1
PG 7
WC Parasitology; Zoology
SC Parasitology; Zoology
GA 485RP
UT WOS:000269141700011
ER

PT J
AU Nanus, L
   Williams, MW
   Campbell, DH
   Tonnessen, KA
   Blett, T
   Clow, DW
AF Nanus, L.
   Williams, M. W.
   Campbell, D. H.
   Tonnessen, K. A.
   Blett, T.
   Clow, D. W.
TI Assessment of lake sensitivity to acidic deposition in national parks of
   the Rocky Mountains
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE acidic solutes; alpine; atmospheric deposition; GIS; lake chemistry;
   monitoring; Rocky Mountains, USA; U. S. national parks
ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; UNITED-STATES; ALPINE/SUBALPINE BASINS; NITROGEN
   DEPOSITION; WILDERNESS AREA; ELEVATION; CHEMISTRY; PRECIPITATION;
   ACIDIFICATION; FLUXES
AB The sensitivity of high-elevation lakes to acidic deposition was evaluated in five national parks of the Rocky Mountains based on statistical relations between lake acid-neutralizing capacity concentrations and basin characteristics. Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) of 151 lakes sampled during synoptic surveys and basin-characteristic information derived from geographic information system (GIS) data sets were used to calibrate the statistical models. The explanatory basin variables that were considered included topographic parameters, bedrock type, and vegetation type. A logistic regression model was developed, and modeling results were cross-validated through lake sampling during fall 2004 at 58 lakes. The model was applied to lake basins greater than 1 ha in area in Glacier National Park (n = 244 lakes), Grand Teton National Park (n = 106 lakes), Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (n = 11 lakes), Rocky Mountain National Park (n = 114 lakes), and Yellowstone National Park (n = 294 lakes). Lakes that had a high probability of having an ANC concentration <100 mu eq/L, and therefore sensitive to acidic deposition, are located in basins with elevations >3000 m, with <30% of the catchment having northeast aspect and with >80% of the catchment bedrock having low buffering capacity. The modeling results indicate that the most sensitive lakes are located in Rocky Mountain National Park and Grand Teton National Park. This technique for evaluating the lake sensitivity to acidic deposition is useful for designing long-term monitoring plans and is potentially transferable to other remote mountain areas of the United States and the world.
C1 [Nanus, L.; Campbell, D. H.; Clow, D. W.] US Geol Survey, WRD, MS 415, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Nanus, L.; Williams, M. W.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Tonnessen, K. A.] Univ Montana, Natl Pk Serv, RM CESU, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
   [Blett, T.] Natl Pk Serv, ARD, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Nanus, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, MS 415, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM lnanus@usgs.gov
OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824
FU National Park Service-Air Resources Division; Rocky Mountains
   Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit; Greater Yellowstone Inventory and
   Monitoring Network; U.S. Geological Survey Colorado Water Science
   Center; Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research Program
FX This project was supported by the National Park Service-Air Resources
   Division. The authors thank Lucas Zukiewicz and Daniel Tullos for field
   assistance, Chris Seibold for chemical analyses, and the National Park
   Service-Air Resources Division, the Rocky Mountains Cooperative
   Ecosystem Studies Unit, the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring
   Network, the U.S. Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center, and
   the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research Program for their support.
   Many thanks for research permits and logistical assistance to Glacier
   National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Yellowstone National Park,
   Rocky Mountain National Park, and Great Sand Dunes National Park and
   Preserve. We thank M. A. Mast, N. Berg, and two anonymous reviewers for
   their helpful comments, which improved the manuscript.
NR 52
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 14
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 4
BP 961
EP 973
DI 10.1890/07-1091.1
PG 13
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 448SD
UT WOS:000266281400012
PM 19544737
ER

PT J
AU Euskirchen, ES
   McGuire, AD
   Chapin, FS
   Yi, S
   Thompson, CC
AF Euskirchen, E. S.
   McGuire, A. D.
   Chapin, F. S., III
   Yi, S.
   Thompson, C. C.
TI Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate
   change, 2003-2100: implications for climate feedbacks
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE arctic; biogeochemistry model; boreal; climate feedbacks; dynamic
   vegetation model; future climate; plant functional type; soil thermal
   model; terrestrial ecosystems
ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; ARCTIC TUNDRA;
   SNOW-COVER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITY RESPONSE; BOREAL FORESTS;
   UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; WHITE SPRUCE
AB Assessing potential future changes in arctic and boreal plant species productivity, ecosystem composition, and canopy complexity is essential for understanding environmental responses under expected altered climate forcing. We examined potential changes in the dominant plant functional types (PFTs) of the sedge tundra, shrub tundra, and boreal forest ecosystems in ecotonal northern Alaska, USA, for the years 2003-2100. We compared energy feedbacks associated with increases in biomass to energy feedbacks associated with changes in the duration of the snow-free season. We based our simulations on nine input climate scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and a new version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) that incorporates biogeochemistry, vegetation dynamics for multiple PFTs (e. g., trees, shrubs, grasses, sedges, mosses), multiple vegetation pools, and soil thermal regimes. We found mean increases in net primary productivity (NPP) in all PFTs. Most notably, birch (Betula spp.) in the shrub tundra showed increases that were at least three times larger than any other PFT. Increases in NPP were positively related to increases in growing-season length in the sedge tundra, but PFTs in boreal forest and shrub tundra showed a significant response to changes in light availability as well as growing-season length. Significant NPP responses to changes in vegetation uptake of nitrogen by PFT indicated that some PFTs were better competitors for nitrogen than other PFTs. While NPP increased, heterotrophic respiration (R-H) also increased, resulting in decreases or no change in net ecosystem carbon uptake. Greater aboveground biomass from increased NPP produced a decrease in summer albedo, greater regional heat absorption (0.34 +/- 0.23 W.m(-2).10 yr(-1) [mean +/- SD]), and a positive feedback to climate warming. However, the decrease in albedo due to a shorter snow season (-5.1 +/- 1.6 d/10 yr) resulted in much greater regional heat absorption (3.3 +/- 1.24 W.m(-2).10 yr(-1)) than that associated with increases in vegetation. Through quantifying feedbacks associated with changes in vegetation and those associated with changes in the snow season length, we can reach a more integrated understanding of the manner in which climate change may impact interactions between high-latitude ecosystems and the climate system.
C1 [Euskirchen, E. S.; McGuire, A. D.; Chapin, F. S., III; Yi, S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Thompson, C. C.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA.
RP Euskirchen, ES (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM ffese@uaf.edu
RI Yi, Shuhua/E-7976-2011; 
OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910; Yi, Shuhua/0000-0003-4932-8237
FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0327664]
FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation for the Arctic
   Biota/Vegetation portion of the Climate of the Arctic: Modeling and
   Processes project (OPP-0327664). Mike Waddington, Merritt Turetsky,
   David Kicklighter, and Syndonia Bret-Harte read a previous version of
   this manuscript and provided valuable comments. Jeff McAllister helped
   with model programming and the development of the future data sets used
   in the model simulations.
NR 78
TC 106
Z9 111
U1 11
U2 133
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 4
BP 1022
EP 1043
DI 10.1890/08-0806.1
PG 22
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 448SD
UT WOS:000266281400016
PM 19544741
ER

PT J
AU Martin, J
   Runge, MC
   Nichols, JD
   Lubow, BC
   Kendall, WL
AF Martin, Julien
   Runge, Michael C.
   Nichols, James D.
   Lubow, Bruce C.
   Kendall, William L.
TI Structured decision making as a conceptual framework to identify
   thresholds for conservation and management
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptive resource management; ecological thresholds; patch occupancy
   models; stochastic dynamic programming; structured decision making
ID ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT;
   UNCERTAINTY; POPULATIONS; OPTIMIZATION; EXTINCTION; HARVESTS
AB Thresholds and their relevance to conservation have become a major topic of discussion in the ecological literature. Unfortunately, in many cases the lack of a clear conceptual framework for thinking about thresholds may have led to confusion in attempts to apply the concept of thresholds to conservation decisions. Here, we advocate a framework for thinking about thresholds in terms of a structured decision making process. The purpose of this framework is to promote a logical and transparent process for making informed decisions for conservation.
   Specification of such a framework leads naturally to consideration of definitions and roles of different kinds of thresholds in the process. We distinguish among three categories of thresholds. Ecological thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes bring about substantial changes in system dynamics. Utility thresholds are components of management objectives (determined by human values) and are values of state or performance variables at which small changes yield substantial changes in the value of the management outcome. Decision thresholds are values of system state variables at which small changes prompt changes in management actions in order to reach specified management objectives. The approach that we present focuses directly on the objectives of management, with an aim to providing decisions that are optimal with respect to those objectives. This approach clearly distinguishes the components of the decision process that are inherently subjective (management objectives, potential management actions) from those that are more objective (system models, estimates of system state). Optimization based on these components then leads to decision matrices specifying optimal actions to be taken at various values of system state variables. Values of state variables separating different actions in such matrices are viewed as decision thresholds. Utility thresholds are included in the objectives component, and ecological thresholds may be embedded in models projecting consequences of management actions. Decision thresholds are determined by the above-listed components of a structured decision process. These components may themselves vary over time, inducing variation in the decision thresholds inherited from them. These dynamic decision thresholds can then be determined using adaptive management. We provide numerical examples (that are based on patch occupancy models) of structured decision processes that include all three kinds of thresholds.
C1 [Martin, Julien] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Martin, Julien; Runge, Michael C.; Nichols, James D.; Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
   [Lubow, Bruce C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Martin, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM julienm@ufl.edu
RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011
OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X
FU U. S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of Biological Resource Program
FX The authors thank the U. S. Geological Survey Status and Trends of
   Biological Resource Program for funding this project. We are
   particularly grateful to Paul Geissler for sponsoring and coordinating
   funding for this research. We appreciate the comments from Evan Cooch,
   Michael Conroy, Larissa Bailey, Beth Gardner, Sarah Haas, Allan
   O'Connell, Ken Williams, and one anonymous reviewer.
NR 44
TC 95
Z9 100
U1 4
U2 95
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 5
BP 1079
EP 1090
DI 10.1890/08-0255.1
PG 12
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 458KW
UT WOS:000267020200001
PM 19688917
ER

PT J
AU Shinneman, DJ
   Baker, WL
AF Shinneman, Douglas J.
   Baker, William L.
TI Historical fire and multidecadal drought as context for pinon-juniper
   woodland restoration in western Colorado
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; climate teleconnections; disturbance
   dynamics; ecological restoration; Juniperus osteosperma; Pacific Decadal
   Oscillation; pinon-juniper woodland; Pinus edulis; regeneration
ID UNITED-STATES; PINUS-EDULIS; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST;
   NORTH-AMERICA; LATE HOLOCENE; TREE AGE; TRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION;
   ESTABLISHMENT
AB Fire is known to structure tree populations, but the role of broad-scale climate variability is less clear. For example, the influence of climatic "teleconnections'' (the relationship between oceanic-atmospheric fluctuations and anomalous weather patterns across broad scales) on forest age structure is relatively unexplored. We sampled semiarid pinon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands in western Colorado, USA, to test the hypothesis that woodland age structures are shaped by climate, including links to oceanic-atmospheric fluctuations, and by past. res and livestock grazing. Low-severity surface. re was lacking, as. re scars were absent, and did not influence woodland densities, but stand-replacing. res served as long-rotation (>400-600 years), stand-initiating events. Old-growth stands (>300 years old) were found in 75% of plots, consistent with a long. re rotation. Juniper and pinon age structures suggest contrasting responses during the past several centuries to dry and wet episodes linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Juniper density increased slightly during periods of drought, positive (warm) AMO (after similar to 10-year lag), and negative (cool) PDO. In contrast, pinon populations may still be recovering from a long, drought-filled period (AD 1620-1820), with pulses of recovery favored during cool AMO, warm PDO, and above-average moisture periods. Analysis of 20th-century tree establishment and instrumental climate data corroborate the long-term relationships between age structure and climate. After Euro-American settlement (AD 1881), livestock grazing reduced understory grasses and forbs, reducing competition with tree seedlings and facilitating climate-induced increases in pinons. Thus tree populations in these woodlands are in flux, affected by drought and wet periods linked to oceanic-atmospheric variability, Euro-American livestock grazing, and long-rotation, high-severity. res. Reductions in livestock grazing levels may aid ecological restoration efforts. However, given long-term fluctuations in tree density and composition, and expected further drought, thinning or burning to reduce tree populations may be misdirected.
C1 [Shinneman, Douglas J.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
   [Baker, William L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
   [Baker, William L.] Univ Wyoming, Ecol Program, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Shinneman, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA.
EM dshinneman@usgs.gov
RI Baker, William/A-7008-2008
FU U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management [ESA020016]; USDA
   Forest Service Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA
FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of
   Land Management, under Agreement No. ESA020016. We appreciate the
   assistance of Bob Welch and Amanda Clements at the Uncompahgre Field
   Office and Harley Metz with the Grand Junction Field Office. We also
   acknowledge support provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern
   Research Station, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA.
NR 73
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 16
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 5
BP 1231
EP 1245
DI 10.1890/08-0846.1
PG 15
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 458KW
UT WOS:000267020200014
PM 19688930
ER

PT J
AU Russell, RE
   Royle, JA
   Saab, VA
   Lehmkuhl, JF
   Block, WM
   Sauer, JR
AF Russell, Robin E.
   Royle, J. Andrew
   Saab, Victoria A.
   Lehmkuhl, John F.
   Block, William M.
   Sauer, John R.
TI Modeling the effects of environmental disturbance on wildlife
   communities: avian responses to prescribed fire
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE composite analysis; fuel treatments; hierarchical Bayes; point count
   survey; ponderosa pine; presence-absence data; species richness; WinBUGS
ID ESTIMATING SPECIES RICHNESS; BREEDING BIRD COMMUNITIES; PONDEROSA PINE
   FORESTS; BOREAL FOREST; FUEL-REDUCTION; OCCUPANCY; LANDSCAPES;
   DIVERSITY; SEVERITY; NORTHERN
AB Prescribed fire is a management tool used to reduce fuel loads on public lands in forested areas in the western United States. Identifying the impacts of prescribed fire on bird communities in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests is necessary for providing land management agencies with information regarding the effects of fuel reduction on sensitive, threatened, and migratory bird species Recent developments in occupancy modeling have established a framework for quantifying the impacts of management practices on wildlife community dynamics. We describe a Bayesian hierarchical model of multi-species occupancy accounting for detection probability, and we demonstrate the model's usefulness for identifying effects of habitat disturbances on wildlife communities. Advantages to using the model include the ability to estimate the effects of environmental impacts on rare or elusive species, the intuitive nature of the modeling, the incorporation of detection probability, the estimation of parameter uncertainty, the flexibility of the model to suit a variety of experimental designs, and the composite estimate of the response that applies to the collection of observed species as opposed to merely a small subset of common species. Our modeling of the impacts of prescribed fire on avian communities in a ponderosa pine forest in Washington indicate that prescribed fire treatments result in increased occupancy rates for several bark-insectivore, cavity-nesting species including a management species of interest, Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus). Three aerial insectivore species, and the ground insectivore, American Robin (Turdus migratorius), also responded positively to prescribed fire, whereas three foliage insectivores and two seed specialists, Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) and the Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus), declined following treatments. Land management agencies interested in determining the effects of habitat manipulations on wildlife communities can use these methods to provide guidance for future management activities.
C1 [Block, William M.] US Forest Serv, Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
   [Russell, Robin E.; Saab, Victoria A.] Montana State Univ Campus, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Royle, J. Andrew; Sauer, John R.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
   [Lehmkuhl, John F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA.
RP Russell, RE (reprint author), Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk Wildlife Div, 1400 S 19th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA.
EM RRussell@mt.gov
OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167
FU Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest; U.S. Forest Service, Pacific
   Northwest Research Station's National Fire Plan; U.S. Forest Service
   Rocky Mountain Research Station
FX K. Woodruff, Methow Valley Ranger District, was instrumental in leading
   the field effort. The Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest funded and
   implemented prescribed burning treatments and provided administrative,
   logistical, and staff support. Additional funding was provided by the
   U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station's National Fire
   Plan research project on "Fuel reduction and forest restoration
   strategies that also sustain key habitats, species, and ecological
   processes in. re-prone ecosystems in the interior Northwest''
   (#01.PNW.C.2), Joint Fire Science Program, the U.S. Forest Service Rocky
   Mountain Research Station, and USGS Patuxent. R. M. King, E. Zipkin, and
   W. L. Thompson provided helpful reviews. R. Robertson, J. Lindsey, D.
   Harrington, M. Akker, B. Akker, S. Bondi, S. Farmer, L. Beyer, D.
   Russell, M. Haggard, K. Kistler, J. Jakubowski, and A. Button collected
   field data.
NR 60
TC 66
Z9 68
U1 9
U2 91
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 5
BP 1253
EP 1263
DI 10.1890/08-0910.1
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 458KW
UT WOS:000267020200016
PM 19688932
ER

PT J
AU Osnas, EE
   Heisey, DM
   Rolley, RE
   Samuel, MD
AF Osnas, Erik E.
   Heisey, Dennis M.
   Rolley, Robert E.
   Samuel, Michael D.
TI Spatial and temporal patterns of chronic wasting disease: fine-scale
   mapping of a wildlife epidemic in Wisconsin
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE age prevalence; chronic wasting disease; CWD; direct standardization;
   disease mapping; emerging disease; epidemiology; hierarchical Bayesian
   model; Odocoileus virginianus; prion; space-time interaction;
   white-tailed deer
ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; MULE DEER;
   PRION TRANSMISSION; MODELS; PREVALENCE; HARVEST; SPREAD; INFECTION;
   DYNAMICS
AB Emerging infectious diseases threaten wildlife populations and human health. Understanding the spatial distributions of these new diseases is important for disease management and policy makers; however, the data are complicated by heterogeneities across host classes, sampling variance, sampling biases, and the space-time epidemic process. Ignoring these issues can lead to false conclusions or obscure important patterns in the data, such as spatial variation in disease prevalence. Here, we applied hierarchical Bayesian disease mapping methods to account for risk factors and to estimate spatial and temporal patterns of infection by chronic wasting disease (CWD) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of Wisconsin, USA. We found significant heterogeneities for infection due to age, sex, and spatial location. Infection probability increased with age for all young deer, increased with age faster for young males, and then declined for some older animals, as expected from disease-associated mortality and age-related changes in infection risk. We found that disease prevalence was clustered in a central location, as expected under a simple spatial epidemic process where disease prevalence should increase with time and expand spatially. However, we could not detect any consistent temporal or spatiotemporal trends in CWD prevalence. Estimates of the temporal trend indicated that prevalence may have decreased or increased with nearly equal posterior probability, and the model without temporal or spatiotemporal effects was nearly equivalent to models with these effects based on deviance information criteria. For maximum interpretability of the role of location as a disease risk factor, we used the technique of direct standardization for prevalence mapping, which we develop and describe. These mapping results allow disease management actions to be employed with reference to the estimated spatial distribution of the disease and to those host classes most at risk. Future wildlife epidemiology studies should employ hierarchical Bayesian methods to smooth estimated quantities across space and time, account for heterogeneities, and then report disease rates based on an appropriate standardization.
C1 [Samuel, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Osnas, Erik E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Rolley, Robert E.] Bur Sci Serv, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA.
   [Heisey, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
RP Osnas, EE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM erik.osnas@gmail.com
FU WDNR; Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit
FX This paper could not be possible without the hard work from many
   volunteers and staff in the WDNR. Comments from Matt Farnsworth, Tim
   Linksvayer, Dan Storm, Stacie Robinson, Delwyn Keane, and two anonymous
   reviewers improved this work. Funding was provided by the WDNR and the
   Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. Mention of trade names or
   commercial products does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government.
NR 59
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 3
U2 22
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 19
IS 5
BP 1311
EP 1322
DI 10.1890/08-0578.1
PG 12
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 458KW
UT WOS:000267020200021
PM 19688937
ER

PT J
AU Konrad, CP
AF Konrad, Christopher P.
TI Simulating the recovery of suspended sediment transport and river-bed
   stability in response to dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington
SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE River restoration; Sediment transport; Dam removal; Aquatic habitat;
   Recovery
ID GRAVEL CHANNELS; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS;
   MORPHOLOGY; MODEL; SCALE
AB U.S. Department of the Interior is planning to remove two high dams (30 and 60 m) from the Elwha River, which will allow the river to erode sediment deposits in the reservoirs, and ultimately restore the river ecosystem. Fluvial sediment transport and deposition paradoxically represent ecological disturbance and restoration. A one-dimensional, movable boundary sediment-transport model was applied at a daily time step to simulate changes in river-bed elevations and particle-size distributions and concentrations of suspended sediment. The simulations included a three-year dam removal period and a four-year recovery period. Simulated concentrations of suspended sediment recover rapidly during the recovery period. Simulated bed elevation and particle-size distributions are stable for much of the river during the recovery period, but high flows periodically disturb the river bed, causing changes in river-bed elevation and particle-size distribution, especially during autumn, when summer/autumn chinook salmon are incubating in redds. Although the river bed will become increasingly stable after dam removal, episodic high flows will interrupt recovery trends. Productivity and diversity of the ecosystem may be lower because of excess sediment immediately after dam removal but should increase during recovery above current levels as the river. Monitoring of the recovery of the Elwha River ecosystem can target ecologically significant physical parameters indicating the transition from a sediment transport-limited state to a supply-limited state. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Konrad, Christopher P.] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Konrad, Christopher P.] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Konrad, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1917 1st Ave, Seattle, WA USA.
EM cpkonrad@usgs.gov
OI Konrad, Christopher/0000-0002-7354-547X
FU U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service; Olympic National Park.
   Jennifer Bountry, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
FX This investigation was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and
   National Park Service Water Quality Partnership with cooperation from
   Olympic National Park. Jennifer Bountry, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
   graciously provided topographic and bathymetric data that were essential
   to this project. I appreciate thoughtful reviews from Tim Randle, U.S.
   Bureau of Reclamation, Rich McDonald, U.S. Geological Survey, and two
   anonymous reviewers.
NR 51
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 61
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-8574
J9 ECOL ENG
JI Ecol. Eng.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 7
BP 1104
EP 1115
DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.018
PG 12
WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering
GA 462MN
UT WOS:000267357400010
ER

PT J
AU Keating, KA
   Cherry, S
AF Keating, Kim A.
   Cherry, Steve
TI Modeling utilization distributions in space and time
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bighorn sheep; Glacier National Park, Montana, USA; home range; kernel
   density estimation; Metropolis-Hastings algorithm; nonparametric; Ovis
   canadensis; product kernel estimator
ID KERNEL DENSITY ESTIMATORS; SQUARES CROSS-VALIDATION; HOME-RANGE
   ANALYSIS; SELECTION; SIZE
AB W. Van Winkle defined the utilization distribution (UD) as a probability density that gives an animal's relative frequency of occurrence in a two-dimensional (x, y) plane. We extend Van Winkle's work by redefining the UD as the relative frequency distribution of an animal's occurrence in all four dimensions of space and time. We then describe a product kernel model estimation method, devising a novel kernel from the wrapped Cauchy distribution to handle circularly distributed temporal covariates, such as day of year. Using Monte Carlo simulations of animal movements in space and time, we assess estimator performance. Although not unbiased, the product kernel method yields models highly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.975) with true probabilities of occurrence and successfully captures temporal variations in density of occurrence. In an empirical example, we estimate the expected UD in three dimensions (x, y, and t) for animals belonging to each of two distinct bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) social groups in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Results show the method can yield ecologically informative models that successfully depict temporal variations in density of occurrence for a seasonally migratory species. Some implications of this new approach to UD modeling are discussed.
C1 [Keating, Kim A.] Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Cherry, Steve] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Keating, KA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
EM kkeating@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey, Montana State University; Glacier National Park
   Fund; U.S. National Park Service (NPS)
FX The U.S. Geological Survey, Montana State University, the Glacier
   National Park Fund, and the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) supported
   this work. We thank NPS veterinarians J. Powers and M. Wild for
   assistance and advice and for lending their field staff, V. Jameson and
   S. Ratchford, whose hard work and sacrificial knees are, likewise,
   appreciated. We benefited from an exceptional field crew that at various
   times included V. Boccadori, J. Brown, C. Dickenson, P. Lundberg, S.
   Schmitz, J. Shrum, and R. Yates. We also thank the many volunteers who
   contributed countless hours, and the GNP employees who aided our study,
   particularly J. Potter, S. Gniadek, R. Menicke, and the many rangers and
   maintenance workers at the Hudson Bay District Office. Former Park
   Superintendent S. Lewis lent a vital voice of support. Not least, we
   greatly appreciate the comments of D. W. Scott, M. L. Taper, J. Fieberg,
   and C. Calenge, who all helped improve this paper. Any use of trade,
   product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not
   imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 25
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 43
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
EI 1939-9170
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 90
IS 7
BP 1971
EP 1980
DI 10.1890/08-1131.1
PG 10
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 467NO
UT WOS:000267745800025
PM 19694144
ER

PT J
AU Hogan, DM
   Walbridge, MR
AF Hogan, Dianna M.
   Walbridge, Mark R.
TI Recent Land Cover History and Nutrient Retention in Riparian Wetlands
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sediment; Iron; Land cover; Land use; Riparian
   wetland; Microstegium vimenium; Japanese stiltgrass; Invasive plant
   species
ID SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS; URBAN; SOIL; SEDIMENT;
   NITROGEN; URBANIZATION; POLLUTION; RESPONSES
AB Wetland ecosystems are profoundly affected by altered nutrient and sediment loads received from anthropogenic activity in their surrounding watersheds. Our objective was to compare a gradient of agricultural and urban land cover history during the period from 1949 to 1997, with plant and soil nutrient concentrations in, and sediment deposition to, riparian wetlands in a rapidly urbanizing landscape. We observed that recent agricultural land cover was associated with increases in Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) concentrations in a native wetland plant species. Conversely, recent urban land cover appeared to alter receiving wetland environmental conditions by increasing the relative availability of P versus N, as reflected in an invasive, but not a native, plant species. In addition, increases in surface soil Fe content suggests recent inputs of terrestrial sediments associated specifically with increasing urban land cover. The observed correlation between urban land cover and riparian wetland plant tissue and surface soil nutrient concentrations and sediment deposition, suggest that urbanization specifically enhances the suitability of riparian wetland habitats for the invasive species Japanese stiltgrass [Microstegium vimenium (Trinius) A. Camus].
C1 [Hogan, Dianna M.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Walbridge, Mark R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Hogan, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MSN 521, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM dhogan@usgs.gov
FU US Environmental Protection Agency [CD 98319701]; USEPA
FX This research was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency
   through the State Wetland Grant Program (Assistance #CD 98319701), by
   collaborative agreement between the Fairfax County Government Center and
   M. R. Walbridge at George Mason University, and by the US Geological
   Survey in Reston, VA, through the Human Resource Initiative. Although
   the research described in this article has been funded in part by the
   USEPA, it has not been subjected to the Agency's peer and policy review
   and therefore does not reflect the view of the Agency and no official
   endorsement should be inferred.
NR 64
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0364-152X
J9 ENVIRON MANAGE
JI Environ. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 44
IS 1
BP 62
EP 72
DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9313-9
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 462GM
UT WOS:000267339100006
PM 19484285
ER

PT J
AU Mahmoud, M
   Liu, YQ
   Hartmann, H
   Stewart, S
   Wagener, T
   Semmens, D
   Stewart, R
   Gupta, H
   Dominguez, D
   Dominguez, F
   Hulse, D
   Letcher, R
   Rashleigh, B
   Smith, C
   Street, R
   Ticehurst, J
   Twery, M
   van Delden, H
   Waldick, R
   White, D
   Winter, L
AF Mahmoud, Mohammed
   Liu, Yuqiong
   Hartmann, Holly
   Stewart, Steven
   Wagener, Thorsten
   Semmens, Darius
   Stewart, Robert
   Gupta, Hoshin
   Dominguez, Damian
   Dominguez, Francina
   Hulse, David
   Letcher, Rebecca
   Rashleigh, Brenda
   Smith, Court
   Street, Roger
   Ticehurst, Jenifer
   Twery, Mark
   van Delden, Hedwig
   Waldick, Ruth
   White, Denis
   Winter, Larry
TI A formal framework for scenario development in support of environmental
   decision-making
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
LA English
DT Article
DE Alternative futures; Decision-making; Scenario analysis; Scenarios;
   Scenario planning; Uncertainty
ID WATER-RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; RIVER-BASIN; UNCERTAINTY; FUTURE; MODEL;
   LAND; TOOL; METHODOLOGY; ASIA
AB Scenarios are possible future states of the world that represent alternative plausible conditions under different assumptions. Often, scenarios are developed in a context relevant to stakeholders involved in their applications since the evaluation of scenario outcomes and implications can enhance decision-making activities. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of scenario development and proposes a formal approach to scenario development in environmental decision-making. The discussion of current issues in scenario studies includes advantages and obstacles in utilizing a formal scenario development framework, and the different forms of uncertainty inherent in scenario development, as well as how they should be treated. An appendix for common scenario terminology has been attached for clarity. Major recommendations for future research in this area include proper consideration of uncertainty in scenario studies in particular in relation to stakeholder relevant information, construction of scenarios that are more diverse in nature, and sharing of information and resources among the scenario development research community. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mahmoud, Mohammed; Stewart, Steven; Gupta, Hoshin; Dominguez, Francina] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Liu, Yuqiong] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   [Hartmann, Holly] Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Informat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
   [Wagener, Thorsten] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Semmens, Darius] USGS Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
   [Stewart, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Inst Environm Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Dominguez, Damian] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
   [Dominguez, Damian] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Hulse, David] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture 5234, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
   [Letcher, Rebecca] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
   [Rashleigh, Brenda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
   [Smith, Court] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Street, Roger] UKCIP OUCE, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.
   [Ticehurst, Jenifer] Australian Natl Univ, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
   [Twery, Mark] USDA Forest Serv Sci Technol & Appl Results, No Res Stn Program, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA.
   [van Delden, Hedwig] RIKS, NL-6200 AL Maastricht, Netherlands.
   [Waldick, Ruth] Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.
   [White, Denis] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
   [Winter, Larry] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Mahmoud, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, 1133 E James Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM mahmoud@email.arizona.edu
RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; Ticehurst, Jenifer/B-7707-2011; Wagener,
   Thorsten/C-2062-2008; Liu, Yuqiong/B-4318-2012; Dominguez,
   Francina/D-4412-2012; 
OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; Wagener,
   Thorsten/0000-0003-3881-5849; Stewart, Robert/0000-0002-8186-7559
FU US National Science Foundation Science; Technology Center for
   Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA)
   [EAR-9876800]
FX Support for this research was provided by the US National Science
   Foundation Science and Technology Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid
   Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA) under Grant EAR-9876800. The
   research described in this article has been subjected to the US
   Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review and
   approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents
   reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
   commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
NR 55
TC 107
Z9 113
U1 3
U2 59
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-8152
EI 1873-6726
J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW
JI Environ. Modell. Softw.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 7
BP 798
EP 808
DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.11.010
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
   Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 435KC
UT WOS:000265341800003
ER

PT J
AU Munn, MD
   Waite, IR
   Larsen, DP
   Herlihy, AT
AF Munn, Mark D.
   Waite, Ian R.
   Larsen, David P.
   Herlihy, Alan T.
TI The relative influence of geographic location and reach-scale habitat on
   benthic invertebrate assemblages in six ecoregions
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Benthic invertebrates; Ecoregions; Habitat; Geographic location
ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAMS; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS;
   MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; LANDSCAPE CLASSIFICATIONS; RIVER-BASIN;
   LAND-USE; USA; COMMUNITIES; MICRODISTRIBUTION
AB The objective of this study was to determine the relative influence of reach-specific habitat variables and geographic location on benthic invertebrate assemblages within six ecoregions across the Western USA. This study included 417 sites from six ecoregions. A total of 301 taxa were collected with the highest richness associated with ecoregions dominated by streams with coarse substrate (19-29 taxa per site). Lowest richness (seven to eight taxa per site) was associated with ecoregions dominated by fine-grain substrate. Principle component analysis (PCA) on reach-scale habitat separated the six ecoregions into those in high-gradient mountainous areas (Coast Range, Cascades, and Southern Rockies) and those in lower-gradient ecoregions (Central Great Plains and Central California Valley). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) models performed best in ecoregions dominated by coarse-grain substrate and high taxa richness, along with coarse-grain substrates sites combined from multiple ecoregions regardless of location. In contrast, ecoregions or site combinations dominated by fine-grain substrate had poor model performance (high stress). Four NMS models showed that geographic location (i.e. latitude and longitude) was important for: (1) all ecoregions combined, (2) all sites dominated by coarse-grain sub strate combined, (3) Cascades Ecoregion, and (4) Columbia Ecoregion. Local factors (i.e. substrate or water temperature) seem to be overriding factors controlling invertebrate composition across the West, regardless of geographic location.
C1 [Munn, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
   [Waite, Ian R.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA.
   [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, WED, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA.
   [Herlihy, Alan T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Munn, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 934 Broadway,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
EM mdmunn@usgs.gov
FU USEPA EMAP; NAWQA
FX The research used in this paper was funded in part by the USEPA EMAP
   program and the USEPA star grant, along with the U. S. Geological Survey
   NAWQA program. The authors thank the EMAP and NAWQA teams involved in
   the collection of data within the six ecoregions. We also thank
   PatrickMoran and Jason May for their colleague review, along with the
   anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript.
NR 42
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 154
IS 1-4
BP 1
EP 14
DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0372-9
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 468MT
UT WOS:000267824400001
PM 18629444
ER

PT J
AU Eagles-Smith, CA
   Ackerman, JT
   De La Cruz, SEW
   Takekawa, JY
AF Eagles-Smith, Collin A.
   Ackerman, Joshua T.
   De La Cruz, Susan E. W.
   Takekawa, John Y.
TI Mercury bioaccumulation and risk to three waterbird foraging guilds is
   influenced by foraging ecology and breeding stage
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Mercury; Bird; Bioaccumulation; Habitat; Breeding
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; SPACE USE; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; AVIAN
   COMMUNITIES; AMERICAN AVOCETS; NORTH-AMERICA; COMMON LOONS; CALIFORNIA;
   CONTAMINATION; SEDIMENTS
AB We evaluated mercury (Hg) in five waterbird species representing three foraging guilds in San Francisco Bay, CA. Fish-eating birds (Forster's and Caspian terns) had the highest Hg concentrations in thier tissues, but concentrations in an invertebrate-foraging shorebird (black-necked stilt) were also elevated. Foraging habitat was important for Hg exposure as illustrated by within-guild differences, where species more associated with marshes and salt ponds had higher concentrations than those more associated with open-bay and tidal mudflats. Importantly, Hg concentrations increased with time spent in the estuary. Surf scoter concentrations tripled over six months, whereas Forster's terns showed an up to 5-fold increase between estuary arrival and breeding. Breeding waterbirds were at elevated risk of Hg-induced reproductive impairment, particularly Forster's terns, in which 48% of breeding birds were at high risk due to their Hg levels. Our results highlight the importance of habitat and exposure timing, in addition to trophic position, on waterbird Hg bioaccumulation and risk. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [De La Cruz, Susan E. W.; Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
RP Eagles-Smith, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM ceagles-smith@usgs.gov
OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285
FU USGS Western Ecological Research Center; CALFED Ecosystem Restoration
   Program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX This research was funded by the USGS Western Ecological Research Center
   and CALFED Ecosystem Restoration Program through the U.S. Fish and
   Wildlife Service. We thank Steve Schwarzbach, Tom Suchanek, Terry
   Adelsbach and all those who assisted in the field and lab. We also thank
   U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game,
   San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory and PRBO Conservation Science for
   logistical support. We appreciate the reviews and comments of Mark
   Ricca, Isa Woo, Garth Herring, and two anonymous reviewers. The use of
   trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive
   purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government.
NR 47
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 43
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
EI 1873-6424
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 157
IS 7
BP 1993
EP 2002
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.030
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 449SR
UT WOS:000266350800004
PM 19398255
ER

PT J
AU Barber, LB
   Keefe, SH
   Leblanc, DR
   Bradley, PM
   Chapelle, FH
   Meyer, MT
   Loftin, KA
   Kolpin, DW
   Rubio, F
AF Barber, Larry B.
   Keefe, Steffanie H.
   Leblanc, Denis R.
   Bradley, Paul M.
   Chapelle, Francis H.
   Meyer, Michael T.
   Loftin, Keith A.
   Kolpin, Dana W.
   Rubio, Fernando
TI Fate of Sulfamethoxazole, 4-Nonylphenol, and 17 beta-Estradiol in
   Groundwater Contaminated by Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; MALE FATHEAD MINNOWS; CAPE-COD; NATURAL-GRADIENT;
   LINEAR ALKYLBENZENESULFONATE; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE;
   ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; STREAM SEDIMENTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; SURFACE-WATER
AB Organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) were measured in samples collected from monitoring wells located along a 4.5-km transect of a plume of groundwater contaminated by 60 years of continuous rapid infiltration disposal of wastewater treatment plant effluent. Fifteen percent of the 212 OWCs analyzed were detected, including the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SX), the nonionic surfactant degradation product 4-nonylphenol (SX), the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE), and the disinfectant 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB). Comparison of the 2005 sampling results to data collected from the same wells in 1985 indicates that PCE and DCB are transported more rapidly in the aquifer than NP, consistent with predictions based on compound hydrophobicity. Natural gradient in situ tracer experiments were conducted to evaluate the subsurface behavior of SX, NP, and the female sex hormone 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in two oxic zones in the aquifer. (1) a downgradient transition zone at the interface between the contamination plume and the overlying uncontaminated. groundwater and (2) a contaminated zone located beneath the infiltration beds, which have not been loaded for 10 years. In both zones, breakthrough curves for the conservative tracer bromide (Br(-)) and SX were nearly coincident whereas NP and E2 were retarded relative to Br- and showed mass loss. Retardation was greater in the contaminated zone than in the transition zone. Attenuation of NP and E2 in the aquifer was attributed to biotransformation, and oxic laboratory microcosm experiments using sediments from the transition and contaminated zones show that uniform-ring-labeled (14)C 4-normal-NP was biodegraded more rapidly (30-60% recovered as (14)CO(2) in 13 days) than 4-(14)C E2 (20-90% recovered as (14)CO(2) in 54 days). There was little difference in mineralization potential between sites.
C1 [Barber, Larry B.; Keefe, Steffanie H.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Leblanc, Denis R.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA.
   [Bradley, Paul M.; Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
   [Meyer, Michael T.; Loftin, Keith A.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
   [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA.
   [Rubio, Fernando] Abraxis, Warminster, PA 18974 USA.
RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM lbbarber@usgs.gov
NR 65
TC 62
Z9 64
U1 7
U2 82
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 13
BP 4843
EP 4850
DI 10.1021/es803292v
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 463ME
UT WOS:000267435500036
PM 19673274
ER

PT J
AU Croteau, MN
   Luoma, SN
AF Croteau, Marie-Noele
   Luoma, Samuel N.
TI Predicting Dietborne Metal Toxicity from Metal Influxes
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBCELLULAR COMPARTMENTALIZATION; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; TROPHIC
   TRANSFER; DETOXIFICATION; ASSIMILATION; ACCUMULATION; CADMIUM; DIETARY;
   COPPER; TROUT
AB Dietborne metal uptake prevails for many species in nature. However, the links between dietary metal exposure and toxicity are not well understood. Sources of uncertainty include the lack of suitable tracers to quantify exposure for metals such as copper, the difficulty to assess dietary processes such as food ingestion rate, and the complexity to link metal bioaccumulation and effects. We characterized dietborne copper, nickel, and cadmium influxes in a freshwater gastropod exposed to diatoms labeled with enriched stable metal isotopes. Metal influxes in Lymnaea stagnalis correlated linearly with dietborne metal concentrations over a range encompassing most environmental exposures. Dietary Cd and Ni uptake rate constants (k(uf)) were, respectively, 3.3 and 2.3 times higher than that for Cu. Detoxification rate constants (k(detox)) were similar among metals and appeared 100 times higher than efflux rate constants (k(e)), Extremely high Cu concentrations reduced feeding rates, causing the relationship between exposure and influx to deviate from linearity; i.e., Cu uptake rates leveled off between 1500 and 1800 nmol g(-1) day(-1). L. stagnalis rapidly takes up Cu, Cd, and Ni from food but detoxifies the accumulated metals, instead of reducing uptake or intensifying excretion. Above a threshold uptake rate, however, the detoxification capabilities of L. stagnalis are overwhelmed.
C1 [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM mcroteau@usgs.gov
NR 25
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 2
U2 34
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 13
BP 4915
EP 4921
DI 10.1021/es9007454
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 463ME
UT WOS:000267435500047
PM 19673285
ER

PT J
AU Graydon, JA
   St Louis, VL
   Hintelmann, H
   Lindberg, SE
   Sandilands, KA
   Rudd, JWM
   Kelly, CA
   Tate, MT
   Krabbenhoft, DP
   Lehnherr, I
AF Graydon, Jennifer A.
   St Louis, Vincent L.
   Hintelmann, Holger
   Lindberg, Steve E.
   Sandilands, Ken A.
   Rudd, John W. M.
   Kelly, Carol A.
   Tate, Michael T.
   Krabbenhoft, Dave P.
   Lehnherr, Igor
TI Investigation of Uptake and Retention of Atmospheric Hg(II) by Boreal
   Forest Plants Using Stable Hg Isotopes
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY; DEPOSITION; EXCHANGE; SOILS;
   BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM; CANOPY; METHYL
AB Although there is now a general consensus among mercury (Hg) biogeochemists that increased atmospheric inputs of inorganic Hg(II) to lakes and watersheds can result in increased methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in fish, researchers still lack kinetic data describing the movement of Hg from the atmosphere, through watershed and lake ecosystems, and into fish. The use of isotopically enriched Hg species in environmental studies now allows experimentally applied new Hg to be distinguished from ambient Hg naturally present in the system. Four different enriched stable Hg(II) isotope "spikes" were applied sequentially over four years to the ground vegetation of a microcatchment at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in the remote boreal forest of Canada to examine retention of Hg(II) following deposition. Areal masses of the spikes and ambient THg (all forms of Hg in a sample) were monitored for eight years, and the pattern of spike retention was used to estimate retention of newly deposited ambient Hg within the ground vegetation pool. Fifty to eighty percent of applied spike Hg was initially retained by ground vegetation. The areal mass of spike Hg declined exponentially over time and was best described by a first-order process with constants (k) ranging between 9.7 x 10(-4) day(-1) and 11.6 x 10(-4) day(-1). Average half-life (t(1/2)) of spike Hg within the ground vegetation pool (+/- S.D.) was 704 +/- 52 days. This retention of. new atmospheric Hg(II) by vegetation delays movement of new Hg(II) into soil, runoff, and finally into adjacent lakes. Ground-applied Hg(II) spikes were not detected in tree foliage and litterfall, indicating that stomatal and/or root uptake of previously deposited H (i.e., "recycled" from ground vegetation or soil Hg pools) were likely not large sources of foliar Hg under these experimental conditions.
C1 [Graydon, Jennifer A.; St Louis, Vincent L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
   [Hintelmann, Holger; Lehnherr, Igor] Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
   [Sandilands, Ken A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
   [Rudd, John W. M.; Kelly, Carol A.] R&K Res Inc, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2J3, Canada.
   [Tate, Michael T.; Krabbenhoft, Dave P.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
RP Graydon, JA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
EM jgraydon@ualberta.ca
RI St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; Lehnherr, Igor/D-5707-2012; St. Louis,
   Vincent/A-3757-2014; Graydon, Jennifer/G-6853-2011; 
OI Lehnherr, Igor/0000-0002-4618-7128; Hintelmann,
   Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X
FU Mercury Experiment to Assess Atmospheric Loading in Canada [37]; U.S.
   (METAALICUS); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
   Canada (NSERC); Collaborative Mercury Research Network (COMERN);
   Canadian Circumpolar Institute; Electric Power Research Institute
   (EPRI); Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Alberta Heritage
   Fund; University of Alberta; EPA STAR [RD833378010]
FX Contribution No. 37 of the Mercury Experiment to Assess Atmospheric
   Loading in Canada and the U.S. (METAALICUS). We thank summer students
   Shawn Harriman, Jasmin Finch, Joanna Januszkiewicz, Eric Ong, Sarah
   Downey, and Linnea Mowat. We also greatly appreciate field and
   laboratory help from Justin Shead, Brian Dimock, Sara Berkel, Z
   McLatcher, Po Yee Chan, April Zembal, Caroline Lee, and Khaled
   Al-Badani. This project was funded through grants from the Natural
   Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC),
   Collaborative Mercury Research Network (COMERN), Canadian Circumpolar
   Institute, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Department of
   Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Alberta Heritage Fund, and University of
   Alberta. Steve Lindberg was supported in part by EPA STAR Grant
   RD833378010.
NR 26
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 49
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 13
BP 4960
EP 4966
DI 10.1021/es900357s
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 463ME
UT WOS:000267435500054
PM 19673292
ER

PT J
AU Hartman, JS
   Weisberg, PJ
   Pillai, R
   Ericksen, JA
   Kuiken, T
   Lindberg, SE
   Zhang, H
   Rytuba, JJ
   Gustin, MS
AF Hartman, Jelena S.
   Weisberg, Peter J.
   Pillai, Rekha
   Ericksen, Jody A.
   Kuiken, Todd
   Lindberg, Steve E.
   Zhang, Hong
   Rytuba, James J.
   Gustin, Mae S.
TI Application of a Rule-Based Model to Estimate Mercury Exchange for Three
   Background Biomes in the Continental United States
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; GASEOUS
   MERCURY; NATURAL SOURCES; NORTH-AMERICA; GAS-EXCHANGE; SOILS; EMISSION;
   FLUXES
AB Ecosystems that have low mercury (Hg) concentrations (i.e., not enriched or impacted by geologic or anthropogenic processes) cover most of the terrestrial surface area of the earth yet their role as a net source or sink for atmospheric Hg is uncertain Here we use empirical data to develop a rule-based model implemented within a geographic information system framework to estimate the spatial and temporal patterns of Hg flux for semiarid deserts, grasslands, and deciduous forests representing 45% of the continental United States. This exercise provides an indication of whether these ecosystems are a net source or sink for atmospheric Hg as well as a basis for recommendation of data to collect in future field sampling campaigns. Results indicated that soil alone was a small net source of atmospheric Hg and that emitted Hg could be accounted for based on Hg input by wet deposition. When foliar assimilation and wet deposition are added to the area estimate of soil Hg flux these biomes are a sink for atmospheric Hg.
C1 [Hartman, Jelena S.; Weisberg, Peter J.; Pillai, Rekha; Ericksen, Jody A.; Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
   [Kuiken, Todd; Zhang, Hong] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
   [Lindberg, Steve E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Rytuba, James J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Gustin, MS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1664 N Virginia St,MS 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
EM mgustin@cabnr.unr.edu
RI Kuiken, Todd/A-3784-2016
OI Kuiken, Todd/0000-0001-7851-6232
FU National Science Foundation, Atmospheric Sciences Division [0214765];
   Environmental Protection Agency [R_82980001_0]; United States Geological
   Survey; Electric Power Research Institute; Environmental Sciences
   Graduate Program at University of Nevada, Reno
FX This study was made possible by grants from the National Science
   Foundation, Atmospheric Sciences Division (0214765), the Environmental
   Protection Agency (STAR grant R_82980001_0), and funding from United
   States Geological Survey, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the
   Environmental Sciences Graduate Program at University of Nevada, Reno.
   Opinions presented herein do not represent views of these agencies. We
   thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive
   comments.
NR 54
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD JUL 1
PY 2009
VL 43
IS 13
BP 4989
EP 4994
DI 10.1021/es900075q
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 463ME
UT WOS:000267435500058
PM 19673296
ER

PT J
AU Heinz, GH
   Stebbins, KR
   Klimstra, JD
   Hoffman, DJ
AF Heinz, Gary H.
   Stebbins, Katherine R.
   Klimstra, Jon D.
   Hoffman, David J.
TI A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR CORRECTING CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS IN EGGS
   FOR MOISTURE LOSS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Moisture loss; Eggs; Toxicity; Contaminant residues
ID WEIGHT
AB We developed a simplified and highly accurate method for correcting contaminant concentrations in eggs for the moisture that is lost from an egg during incubation. To make the correction, one injects water into the air cell of the egg until overflowing. The amount of water injected corrects almost perfectly for the amount of water lost during incubation or when an egg is left in the nest and dehydrates and deteriorates over time. To validate the new method we weighed freshly laid chicken (Gallus gallus) eggs and then incubated sets of fertile and dead eggs for either 12 or 19 d. We then injected water into the air cells of these eggs and verified that the weights after water injection were almost identical to the weights of the eggs when they were fresh. The advantages of the new method are its speed, accuracy, and simplicity: It does not require the calculation of a correction factor that has to be applied to each contaminant residue.
C1 [Heinz, Gary H.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Klimstra, Jon D.; Hoffman, David J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM gheinz@usgs.gov
FU U. S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center [ERP-02D-C12]
FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem
   Restoration Program (grant ERP-02D-C12) with additional support from the
   U. S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. We thank
   Jessica Nagel for preparing the figure.
NR 6
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 7
BP 1425
EP 1428
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 457XM
UT WOS:000266969500009
PM 19220076
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, LL
   Pollard, AI
   Carlisle, DM
AF Yuan, Lester L.
   Pollard, Amina I.
   Carlisle, Daren M.
TI USING PROPENSITY SCORES TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES ON
   STREAM INVERTEBRATES FROM OBSERVATIONAL DATA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Insecticides; Observational data; Propensity scores; Streams;
   Macroinvertebrates
ID FEDERALLY-MANDATED BAN; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY; CAUSAL INFERENCE;
   SURFACE WATERS; LAND-USE; RESPONSES; RECOVERY; CONTAMINATION;
   CHLORPYRIFOS; DISTURBANCE
AB Analyses of observational data can provide insights into relationships between environmental conditions and biological responses across a broader range of natural conditions than experimental studies, potentially complementing insights gained from experiments. However, observational data must be analyzed carefully to minimize the likelihood that confounding variables bias observed relationships. Propensity scores provide a robust approach for controlling for the effects of measured confounding variables when analyzing observational data. Here, we use propensity scores to estimate changes in mean invertebrate taxon richness in streams that have experienced insecticide concentrations that exceed aquatic life use benchmark concentrations. A simple comparison of richness in sites exposed to elevated insecticides with those that were not exposed suggests that exposed sites had on average 6.8 fewer taxa compared to unexposed sites. The presence of potential confounding variables makes it difficult to assert a causal relationship from this simple comparison. After controlling for confounding factors using propensity scores, the difference in richness between exposed and unexposed sites was reduced to 4.1 taxa, a difference that was still statistically significant. Because the propensity score analysis controlled for the effects of a wide variety of possible confounding variables, we infer that the change in richness observed in the propensity score analysis was likely caused by insecticide exposure.
C1 [Yuan, Lester L.; Pollard, Amina I.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
   [Carlisle, Daren M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Yuan, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave NW,Mail Code 8623P, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
EM yuan.lester@epa.gov
NR 43
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
EI 1552-8618
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 28
IS 7
BP 1518
EP 1527
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 457XM
UT WOS:000266969500021
PM 19215187
ER

PT J
AU Baesman, SM
   Stolz, JF
   Kulp, TR
   Oremland, RS
AF Baesman, S. M.
   Stolz, J. F.
   Kulp, T. R.
   Oremland, Ronald S.
TI Enrichment and isolation of Bacillus beveridgei sp nov., a facultative
   anaerobic haloalkaliphile from Mono Lake, California, that respires
   oxyanions of tellurium, selenium, and arsenic
SO EXTREMOPHILES
LA English
DT Article
DE Alkaliphile ecology, systematics; Anaerobic bacteria; Halophile:
   ecology, biotechnology, phylogeny, genetics, taxonomy; enzymes;
   Isolation and characterization; Metal oxidation and reduction;
   Alkaliphiles: systematics, ecology, phylogeny
ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; BACTERIA; GROWTH; RESPIRATION; REDUCTION; SULFIDE;
   NANOCRYSTALS; NANOTUBES; RESISTANT; OXIDATION
AB Mono Lake sediment slurries incubated with lactate and tellurite [Te(IV)] turned progressively black with time because of the precipitation of elemental tellurium [Te(0)]. An enrichment culture was established from these slurries that demonstrated Te(IV)-dependent growth. The enrichment was purified by picking isolated black colonies from lactate/Te(IV) agar plates, followed by repeated streaking and picking. The isolate, strain MLTeJB, grew in aqueous Te(IV)-medium if provided with a small amount of sterile solid phase material (e.g., agar plug; glass beads). Strain MLTeJB grew at high concentrations of Te(IV) (similar to 8 mM) by oxidizing lactate to acetate plus formate, while reducing Te(IV) to Te(0). Other electron acceptors that were found to sustain growth were tellurate, selenate, selenite, arsenate, nitrate, nitrite, fumarate and oxygen. Notably, growth on arsenate, nitrate, nitrite and fumarate did not result in the accumulation of formate, implying that in these cases lactate was oxidized to acetate plus CO(2). Strain MLTeJB is a low G + C Gram positive motile rod with pH, sodium, and temperature growth optima at 8.5-9.0, 0.5-1.5 M, and 40A degrees C, respectively. The epithet Bacillus beveridgei strain MLTeJB(T) is proposed.
C1 [Baesman, S. M.; Kulp, T. R.; Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Stolz, J. F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA.
RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM roremlan@usgs.gov
RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010
FU USGS; NASA Exobiology Program
FX R. Bansal for 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing and J. Patterson for
   transmission electron microscopy. We are grateful to J. T. Hollibaugh
   for providing his dataset of other dissolved constituents of this
   ecosystem and thank S. E. Hoeft for advice in the choice of buffers for
   the pH experiments and L. G. Miller for technical assistance. This work
   was funded in part by the USGS and by a grant from the NASA Exobiology
   Program.
NR 40
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 3
U2 35
PU SPRINGER TOKYO
PI TOKYO
PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN
SN 1431-0651
J9 EXTREMOPHILES
JI Extremophiles
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 13
IS 4
BP 695
EP 705
DI 10.1007/s00792-009-0257-z
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology
GA 467ZA
UT WOS:000267781200012
PM 19536453
ER

PT J
AU Gard, M
AF Gard, Mark
TI Demonstration Flow Assessment and 2-D Modeling: Perspectives Based on
   Instream Flow Studies and Evaluation of Restoration Projects
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID RIVER
AB Railsback and Kadvany (2008) make a compelling case for the use of demonstration flow assessments (DFA) for instream flow assessments as a more robust method than traditional one-dimensional habitat simulation techniques, such as the Physical Habitat Simulation System. But, based on experience with DFAs used for instream flow assessments and evaluation of stream restoration projects, the methods presented by Railsback and Kadvany (2008) may not give reproducible results, and DFAs have significant drawbacks relative to two-dimensional (2-D) hydraulic and habitat modeling. Application of the DFA methodology presented in Railsback and Kadvany (2008) to assess a stream restoration project on the Trinity River, California, did not give reproducible results, with substantial disparity between replicate surveys in the total quantity and spatial distribution of habitat. As an empirical two-dimensional habitat modeling method, DFAs have several drawbacks. Compared to 2-D models, DFAs require interpolation and extrapolation of results from the observed flows, and lack biological realism because they use categorical (binary) habitat suitability criteria. Further, 2-D modeling offers significant benefits over DFA in the context of adaptive management. Advantages of DFAs cited by Railsback and Kadvany (2008), namely the feasibility of assessing habitat with complex hydraulics, the ease in using mechanistic and theoretical conceptual models, and the ability to assess long reaches, also apply to 2-D models. Modification of the DFA methods presented in Railsback and Kadvany (2008) to give reproducible results may increase the cost of DFAs or reduce the length of stream that can be assessed with DFAs to the point where 2-D modeling may be a more cost-effective technique than DFAs.
C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA.
RP Gard, M (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA.
EM Mark_Gard@fws.gov
NR 26
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 7
BP 320
EP 329
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-34.7.320
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477NF
UT WOS:000268525100002
ER

PT J
AU Bonar, SA
   Hubert, WA
   Willis, DW
AF Bonar, Scott A.
   Hubert, Wayne A.
   Willis, David W.
TI The North American Freshwater Fish Standard Sampling Project: Improving
   Fisheries Communication
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Bonar, Scott A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
   [Willis, David W.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.
RP Bonar, SA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM sbonar@ag.arizona.edu
RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 7
BP 340
EP 344
PG 5
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477NF
UT WOS:000268525100004
ER

PT J
AU Mather, ME
   Finn, JT
   Ferry, KH
   Deegan, LA
   Nelson, GA
AF Mather, Martha E.
   Finn, John T.
   Ferry, Kristen H.
   Deegan, Linda A.
   Nelson, Gary A.
TI Use of non-natal estuaries by migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis)
   in summer
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; SITE FIDELITY; MARKOV-CHAIN;
   HABITAT; SALMON; MOVEMENT; POPULATION; PATTERNS; CANADA
AB For most migratory fish, little is known about the location and size of foraging areas or how long individuals remain in foraging areas, even though these attributes may affect their growth, survival, and impact on local prey. We tested whether striped bass (Morone saxatilis Walbaum), found in Massachusetts in summer, were migratory, how long they stayed in non-natal estuaries, whether observed spatial patterns differed from random model predictions, whether fish returned to the same area across multiple years, and whether fishing effort could explain recapture patterns. Anchor tags were attached to striped bass that were caught and released in Massachusetts in 1999 and 2000, and recaptured between 1999 and 2007. In fall, tagged striped bass were caught south of where they were released in summer, confirming that fish were coastal migrants. In the first summer, 77% and 100% of the recaptured fish in the Great Marsh and along the Massachusetts coast, respectively, were caught in the same place where they were released. About two thirds of all fish recaptured near where they were released were caught 2-7 years after tagging. Our study shows that smaller (400-500 mm total length) striped bass migrate hundreds of kilometers along the Atlantic Ocean coast, cease their mobile lifestyle in summer when they use a relatively localized area for foraging (<20 km(2)), and return to these same foraging areas in subsequent years.
C1 [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Mather, Martha E.; Finn, John T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Mather, Martha E.; Ferry, Kristen H.] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Deegan, Linda A.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Ferry, Kristen H.; Nelson, Gary A.] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA.
RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, 160 Holdsworth Way,Room 226, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM mather@nrc.umass.edu
NR 31
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 6
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 107
IS 3
BP 329
EP 338
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 476KZ
UT WOS:000268440700007
ER

PT J
AU Albanese, B
   Angermeier, PL
   Peterson, JT
AF Albanese, Brett
   Angermeier, Paul L.
   Peterson, James T.
TI Does mobility explain variation in colonisation and population recovery
   among stream fishes?
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dispersal; extirpation; fish assemblage; movement; persistence
ID UPPER COASTAL-PLAIN; FRESH-WATER FISHES; INTERMITTENT-STREAM; PRAIRIE
   STREAM; EXTINCTION; ASSEMBLAGES; MOVEMENT; RECOLONIZATION; CONSERVATION;
   DISTURBANCE
AB 1. Colonisation and population recovery are crucial to species persistence in environmentally variable ecosystems, but are poorly understood processes. After documenting movement rates for several species of stream fish, we predicted that this variable would influence colonisation rates more strongly than local abundance, per cent occupancy, body size and taxonomic family. We also predicted that populations of species with higher movement rates would recover more rapidly than species with lower movement rates and that assemblage structure would change accordingly.
   2. To test these predictions, we removed fishes from a headwater and a mainstem creek in southwest Virginia and monitored colonisation over a 2-year period. Using an information-theoretic approach, we evaluated the relative plausibility of 15 alternative models containing different combinations of our predictor variables. Our best-supported model contained movement rate and abundance and was 41 times more likely to account for observed patterns in colonisation rates than the next-best model. Movement rate and abundance were both positively related to colonisation rates and explained 88% of the variation in colonisation rates among species.
   3. Population recovery, measured as the per cent of initial abundance restored, was also positively associated with movement rate. One species recovered within 3 months, most recovered within 2 years, but two species still had not recovered after 2 years. Despite high variation in recovery, the removal had only a slight impact on assemblage structure because species that were abundant in pre-removal samples were also abundant in post-removal samples.
   4. The significance of interspecific variation in colonisation and recovery rates has been underappreciated because of the widely documented recovery of stream fish assemblages following fish kills and small-scale experimental defaunations. Our results indicate that recovery of the overall assemblage does not imply recovery of each component species. Populations of species that are rare and less mobile will recover more slowly and will be more vulnerable to extinction in systems where chemical spills, hydrological alteration, extreme droughts and other impacts are frequent.
C1 [Albanese, Brett] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, Social Cirlce, GA 30025 USA.
   [Angermeier, Paul L.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   [Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Albanese, B (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Resources Div, Nongame Conservat Sect, 2065 US Highway,278 SE, Social Cirlce, GA 30025 USA.
EM brett.albanese@dnr.state.ga.us
FU Virginia Department of Game; Inland Fisheries; U.S. Army Corps of
   Engineers; U.S. Geological Survey; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
   State University; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries and
   Wildlife Management Institute
FX The project was supported in part by the Virginia Department of Game and
   Inland Fisheries and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. C. Cook, G.
   Davideanu, M. Dugo, G. Galbreath, J. Grist, G. Lintecum, D. Nuckols, J.
   Roberts, A. Rosenberger, D. Whitaker, L. Zimmerman and many others
   assisted with fieldwork. A. Dolloff, C. Gowan, C. Haas, D. Orth, C.
   Taylor and C. Skelton provided valuable comments on the manuscript. C.
   Anderson-Cook provided statistical consultation. The use of trade names
   does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. The Virginia
   Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by U.S.
   Geological Survey, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
   Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Management
   Institute. The Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is
   jointly sponsored by U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
   Service, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, University of Georgia
   and Wildlife Management Institute.
NR 64
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 3
U2 36
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0046-5070
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 54
IS 7
BP 1444
EP 1460
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02194.x
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 453UC
UT WOS:000266637400005
ER

PT J
AU Gamage, SSN
   Umino, N
   Hasegawa, A
   Kirby, SH
AF Gamage, Shantha S. N.
   Umino, Norihito
   Hasegawa, Akira
   Kirby, Stephen H.
TI Offshore double-planed shallow seismic zone in the NE Japan forearc
   region revealed by sP depth phases recorded by regional networks
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Seismicity and tectonics; Body waves; Wave propagation; Subduction zone
   processes; Intra-plate processes; Asia
ID SMALL EPICENTRAL DISTANCES; SUBDUCTING PLATE BOUNDARY; NORTHEASTERN
   JAPAN; P-WAVE; ATTENUATION STRUCTURE; EARTHQUAKE LOCATION; STRUCTURE
   BENEATH; OKI EARTHQUAKE; DEEP-STRUCTURE; FOCAL DEPTHS
AB We detected the sP depth phase at small epicentral distances of about 150 km or more in the seismograms of shallow earthquakes in the NE Japan forearc region. The focal depths of 1078 M > 3 earthquakes that occurred from 2000 to 2006 were precisely determined using the time delay of the sP phase from the initial P-wave arrival. The distribution of relocated hypocentres clearly shows the configuration of a double-planed shallow seismic zone beneath the Pacific Ocean. The upper plane has a low dip angle near the Japan Trench, increasing gradually to similar to 30 degrees at approximately 100 km landward of the Japan Trench. The lower plane is approximately parallel to the upper plane, and appears to be the near-trench counterpart of the lower plane of the double-planed deep seismic zone beneath the land area. The distance between the upper and lower planes is 28-32 km, which is approximately the same as or slightly smaller than that of the double-planed deep seismic zone beneath the land area. Focal mechanism solutions of the relocated earthquakes are determined from P-wave initial motion data. Although P-wave initial motion data for these offshore events are not ideally distributed on the focal sphere, we found that the upper-plane events that occur near the Japan Trench are characterized by normal faulting, whereas lower-plane events are characterized by thrust faulting. This focal mechanism distribution is the opposite to that of the double-planed deep seismic zone beneath the land area. The characteristics of these focal mechanisms for the shallow and deep doubled-planed seismic zones can be explained by a bending-unbending model of the subducting Pacific plate. Some of relocated earthquakes took place in the source area of the 1933 Mw8.4 Sanriku earthquake at depths of 10-23 km. The available focal mechanisms for these events are characterized by normal faulting. Given that the 1933 event was a large normal-fault event that occurred along a fault plane dipping landward, the earthquakes that currently occur just beneath or oceanwards of the Japan Trench are probably its aftershocks, suggesting that aftershock activity continues to the present day, 70 years after the main shock.
C1 [Gamage, Shantha S. N.; Umino, Norihito; Hasegawa, Akira] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
   [Kirby, Stephen H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Gamage, SSN (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
EM umino@aob.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp
NR 54
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0956-540X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 178
IS 1
BP 195
EP 214
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04048.x
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 457ZV
UT WOS:000266979600014
ER

PT J
AU Polyak, L
   Bischof, J
   Ortiz, JD
   Darby, DA
   Channell, JET
   Xuan, C
   Kaufman, DS
   Lovlie, R
   Schneider, DA
   Eberl, DD
   Adler, RE
   Council, EA
AF Polyak, Leonid
   Bischof, Jens
   Ortiz, Joseph D.
   Darby, Dennis A.
   Channell, James E. T.
   Xuan, Chuang
   Kaufman, Darrell S.
   Lovlie, Reidar
   Schneider, David A.
   Eberl, Dennis D.
   Adler, Ruth E.
   Council, Edward A.
TI Late Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentation patterns in the western
   Arctic Ocean
SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
DE Arctic Ocean; sediment stratigraphy; sedimentary environments; Late
   Quaternary; glaciations
ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; ICE-SHEET HISTORY; LATE PLEISTOCENE; SEA-ICE;
   NORTHERN EURASIA; MELTWATER EVENTS; LOMONOSOV RIDGE; NORTHWIND RIDGE;
   COLOR CYCLES; CHUKCHI SEA
AB Sediment cores from the western Arctic Ocean obtained on the 2005 HOTRAX and some earlier expeditions have been analyzed to develop a stratigraphic correlation from the Alaskan Chukchi margin to the Northwind and Mendeleev-Alpha ridges. The correlation was primarily based on terrigenous sediment composition that is not affected by diagenetic processes as strongly as the biogenic component, and paleomagnetic inclination records. Chronostratigraphic control was provided by C-14 dating and amino-acid racemization ages, as well as correlation to earlier established Arctic Ocean stratigraphies. Distribution of sedimentary units across the western Arctic indicates that sedimentation rates decrease from tens of centimeters per kyr on the Alaskan margin to a few centimeters on the southern ends of Northwind and Mendeleev ridges and just a few millimeters on the ridges in the interior of the Amerasia basin. This sedimentation pattern suggests that Late Quaternary sediment transport and deposition, except for turbidites at the basin bottom, were generally controlled by ice concentration (and thus melt-out rate) and transportation distance from sources, with local variances related to subsurface currents. In the long term, most sediment was probably delivered to the core sites by icebergs during glacial periods, with a significant contribution from sea ice. During glacial maxima very fine-grained sediment was deposited with sedimentation rates greatly reduced away from the margins to a hiatus of several kyr duration as shown for the Last Glacial Maximum. This sedimentary environment was possibly related to a very solid ice cover and reduced melt-out over a large part of the western Arctic Ocean. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Polyak, Leonid; Adler, Ruth E.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Bischof, Jens; Darby, Dennis A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
   [Ortiz, Joseph D.] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
   [Channell, James E. T.; Xuan, Chuang] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Kaufman, Darrell S.] No Univ Arizona, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
   [Lovlie, Reidar] Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
   [Schneider, David A.] IEEE Spectrum, New York, NY 10016 USA.
   [Eberl, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Council, Edward A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
RP Polyak, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM polyak.1@osu.edu
RI Xuan, Chuang/E-2039-2011; Darby, Dennis/A-9219-2010; Kaufman,
   Darrell/A-2471-2008; Ortiz, Joseph/E-1144-2011
OI Xuan, Chuang/0000-0003-4043-3073; Darby, Dennis/0000-0002-3112-9072;
   Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Ortiz, Joseph/0000-0002-6583-3850
FU US NSF-OPP [ARC-0612473/0612493/0612384]
FX Work on this paper was supported by the US NSF-OPP awards
   ARC-0612473/0612493/0612384 to LP, DD, and JO. We thank the HOTRAX'05
   team for help with collection and processing of the HLY0503 cores. R.L.
   Phillips provided descriptions for P1-92/93-AR cores. M. Torresan helped
   with additional sampling.
NR 86
TC 64
Z9 81
U1 1
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8181
J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE
JI Glob. Planet. Change
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 68
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 5
EP 17
DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.014
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 489DW
UT WOS:000269401100002
ER

PT J
AU Ortiz, JD
   Polyak, L
   Grebmeier, JM
   Darby, D
   Eberl, DD
   Naidu, S
   Nof, D
AF Ortiz, Joseph D.
   Polyak, Leonid
   Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.
   Darby, Dennis
   Eberl, Dennis D.
   Naidu, Sathy
   Nof, Doron
TI Provenance of Holocene sediment on the Chukchi-Alaskan margin based on
   combined diffuse spectral reflectance and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction
   analysis
SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
DE mid-Holocene paleoclimate; Arctic Ocean; clay and silt mineral
   provenance; Bering Strait; diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR); RockJock
   quantitative XRD; Principal Component Analysis
ID CLAY-MINERAL DISTRIBUTION; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; TRANSPORT
   PATHWAYS; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; LAST DEGLACIATION; CLIMATE CHANGES;
   ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BERING STRAIT; SHELF
AB Sediment clay and silt mineral assemblages provide an excellent means of assessing the provenance of fine-grained Arctic sediment especially when a unique mineral assemblage can be tied to specific source areas. The diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) first derivative measurements and quantitative X-Ray Diffraction (qXRD) on a high-resolution sediment core from the continental slope north of Alaska constrain the sediment mineralogy. DSR results are augmented by measurements on several adjacent cores and compared to surface sediment samples from the northern Alaskan shelf and slope. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we infer that the three leading DSR modes relate to mixtures of smectite + dolomite, illite + goethite, and chlorite+ muscovite. This interpretation is consistent with the down core qXRD results. While the smectite + dolomite, and illite + goethite factors show increased variability down core, the chlorite+ muscovite factor had highest positive loadings in the middle Holocene, between ca. 6.0 and 3.6 ka. Because the most likely source of the chlorite + muscovite suite in this vicinity lies in the North Pacific, we argue that the oscillations in chlorite + muscovite values likely reflect an increase in the inflow of Pacific water to the Arctic through the Bering Strait. The time interval of this event is associated in other parts of the globe with a non-linear response of the climate system to the decrease in insolation, which may be related to changes in water exchange between the Pacific and Arctic Ocean. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ortiz, Joseph D.] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
   [Polyak, Leonid] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
   [Darby, Dennis] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
   [Eberl, Dennis D.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
   [Naidu, Sathy] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Nof, Doron] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Ortiz, JD (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
EM jortiz@kent.edu
RI Darby, Dennis/A-9219-2010; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013; Ortiz,
   Joseph/E-1144-2011
OI Darby, Dennis/0000-0002-3112-9072; Grebmeier,
   Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568; Ortiz, Joseph/0000-0002-6583-3850
FU National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs [ARC-0612384,
   ARC-0612473, ARC-0612493, ODP-0525881]; Kent State University Research
   Council
FX We thank the Captain and Crew of the icebreaker USCGC Healy. This study
   was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation's Office of
   Polar Programs (grants ARC-0612384 to Ortiz; ARC-0612473 to Polyak; and
   ARC-0612493 and ODP-0525881 to Darby) and by a grant from the Kent State
   University Research Council to Ortiz. Chelsea Orsburn and Renee Crane
   assisted with sample preparation. We thank Lloyd Keigwin for providing
   us with access to the cores collected during HLY0205 cruise aboard the
   USCGC Healy. We are grateful to Prof Robert Spielhagen and an anonymous
   reviewer whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. This
   publication is dedicated to Mr. Carlos D. Ortiz (1933-2009), the lead
   author's father who supported him in all his endeavors.
NR 51
TC 36
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8181
EI 1872-6364
J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE
JI Glob. Planet. Change
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 68
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 71
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.03.020
PG 14
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 489DW
UT WOS:000269401100008
ER

PT J
AU Baron, JS
   Schmidt, TM
   Hartman, MD
AF Baron, Jill S.
   Schmidt, Travis M.
   Hartman, Melannie D.
TI Climate-induced changes in high elevation stream nitrate dynamics
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric deposition; climate change; Loch Vale; microbial activity;
   nitrogen; rock glaciers; Rocky Mountain National Park; weathering
ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN
   DEPOSITION; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; ROCK GLACIER OUTFLOW; SUB-ALPINE
   FOREST; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SPRING SNOWMELT; UNITED-STATES; NEW-HAMPSHIRE
AB Mountain terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are responsive to external drivers of change, especially climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N). We explored the consequences of a temperature-warming trend on stream nitrate in an alpine and subalpine watershed in the Colorado Front Range that has long been the recipient of elevated atmospheric N deposition. Mean annual stream nitrate concentrations since 2000 are higher by 50% than an earlier monitoring period of 1991-1999. Mean annual N export increased by 28% from 2.03 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) before 2000 to 2.84 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in Loch Vale watershed since 2000. The substantial increase in N export comes as a surprise, since mean wet atmospheric N deposition from 1991 to 2006 (3.06 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) did not increase. There has been a period of below average precipitation from 2000 to 2006 and a steady increase in summer and fall temperatures of 0.12 degrees C yr(-1) in both seasons since 1991. Nitrate concentrations, as well as the weathering products calcium and sulfate, were higher for the period 2000-2006 in rock glacier meltwater at the top of the watershed above the influence of alpine and subalpine vegetation and soils. We conclude the observed recent N increases in Loch Vale are the result of warmer summer and fall mean temperatures that are melting ice in glaciers and rock glaciers. This, in turn, has exposed sediments from which N produced by nitrification can be flushed. We suggest a water quality threshold may have been crossed around 2000. The phenomenon observed in Loch Vale may be indicative of N release from ice features such as rock glaciers worldwide as mountain glaciers retreat.
C1 [Baron, Jill S.; Schmidt, Travis M.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   [Baron, Jill S.; Hartman, Melannie D.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Schmidt, Travis M.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resource Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Baron, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA.
EM jill@nrel.colostate.edu
RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016
OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251
FU USGS Western Mountain Initiative
FX Efforts of Loch Vale field crews over many years are gratefully
   acknowledged, with special thanks to Eric Allstott, Jorin Botte, and
   Austin Krcmarik. Thanks to Dave Clow for the base map of Loch Vale, and
   Rich Wanty for helping with modifications. Mark Williams and Christina
   Tague provided valuable reviews of an early version of the manuscript.
   We are grateful for the constructive comments of four anonymous
   reviewers. This is a product of the USGS Western Mountain Initiative.
NR 74
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 5
U2 56
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 15
IS 7
BP 1777
EP 1789
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01847.x
PG 13
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 454RK
UT WOS:000266700000016
ER

PT J
AU Oberle, B
   Grace, JB
   Chase, JM
AF Oberle, Brad
   Grace, James B.
   Chase, Jonathan M.
TI Beneath the veil: plant growth form influences the strength of species
   richness-productivity relationships in forests
SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Actual evapotranspiration; competition; growth form; species richness;
   structural equation modelling; temperate forests; USA
ID EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; TROPICAL FORESTS; GLOBAL PATTERNS; DIVERSITY;
   ENERGY; MODEL; SCALE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; AVAILABILITY; CALIFORNIA
AB Aim Species richness has been observed to increase with productivity at large spatial scales, though the strength of this relationship varies among functional groups. In forests, canopy trees shade understorey plants, and for this reason we hypothesize that species richness of canopy trees will depend on macroclimate, while species richness of shorter growth forms will additionally be affected by shading from the canopy. In this study we test for differences in species richness-productivity relationships (SRPRs) among growth forms (canopy trees, shrubs, herbaceous species) in small forest plots.
   Location We analysed 231 plots ranging from 34.0 degrees to 48.3 degrees N latitude and from 75.0 degrees to 124.2 degrees W longitude in the United States.
   Methods We analysed data collected by the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis program for plant species richness partitioned into different growth forms, in small plots. We used actual evapotranspiration as a macroclimatic estimate of regional productivity and calculated the area of light-blocking tissue in the immediate area surrounding plots for an estimate of the intensity of local shading. We estimated and compared SRPRs for different partitions of the species richness dataset using generalized linear models and we incorporated the possible indirect effects of shading using a structural equation model.
   Results Canopy tree species richness increased strongly with regional productivity, while local shading primarily explained the variation in herbaceous plant richness. Shrub species richness was related to both regional productivity and local shading.
   Main conclusions The relationship between total forest plant species richness and productivity at large scales belies strong effects of local interactions. Counter to the pattern for overall richness, we found that understorey herbaceous plant species richness does not respond to regional productivity gradients, and instead is strongly influenced by canopy density, while shrub species richness is under multivariate control.
C1 [Oberle, Brad; Chase, Jonathan M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
   [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
RP Oberle, B (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
EM bjoberle@artsci.wustl.edu
FU USGS Climate Change Program
FX We thank the Chase lab group, the Schaal lab group, S. Zarnoch and J.
   Hess for critical comments and discussion, R. Field, T. Michot, L.
   Randall and two anonymous referees for comments on an earlier version of
   the manuscript, Brian Cordova and Beth Shultz for access to the FIA
   data, the University of New Hampshire, EOS-WEBSTER Earth Science
   Information Partner (ESIP), for distributing the AET dataset and
   Washington University in St Louis for funding. Funding was provided by
   the USGS Climate Change Program. The use of trade names is for
   descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US
   Government.
NR 49
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1466-822X
J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR
JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 18
IS 4
BP 416
EP 425
DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00457.x
PG 10
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 457JA
UT WOS:000266923100003
ER

PT J
AU Woolfenden, LR
   Ginn, TR
AF Woolfenden, Linda R.
   Ginn, Timothy R.
TI Modeled Ground Water Age Distributions
SO GROUND WATER
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVECTIVE-DISPERSIVE SYSTEMS; GENERALIZED RESERVOIR THEORY; TRANSIT-TIME
   DISTRIBUTIONS; LIFE EXPECTANCY; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; AQUIFER; FLOW
AB The age of ground water in any given sample is a distributed quantity representing distributed provenance (in space and time) of the water. Conventional analysis of tracers such as unstable isotopes or anthropogenic chemical species gives discrete or binary measures of the presence of water of a given age. Modeled ground water age distributions provide a continuous measure of contributions from different recharge sources to aquifers. A numerical solution of the ground water age equation of Ginn (1999) was tested both on a hypothetical simplified one-dimensional flow system and under real world conditions. Results from these simulations yield the first continuous distributions of ground water age using this model. Complete age distributions as a function of one and two space dimensions were obtained from both numerical experiments. Simulations in the test problem produced mean ages that were consistent with the expected value at the end of the model domain for all dispersivity values tested, although the mean ages for the two highest dispersivity values deviated slightly from the expected value. Mean ages in the dispersionless case also were consistent with the expected mean ages throughout the physical model domain. Simulations under real world conditions for three dispersivity values resulted in decreasing mean age with increasing dispersivity. This likely is a consequence of an edge effect. However, simulations for all three dispersivity values tested were mass balanced and stable demonstrating that the solution of the ground water age equation can provide estimates of water mass density distributions over age under real world conditions.
C1 [Woolfenden, Linda R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
   [Ginn, Timothy R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Woolfenden, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM lrwoolfe@usgs.gov
FU San Bernardino Valley Municipal; UC Water Resources Center [WR-1025]
FX Cooperative funding by the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water
   District is greatly appreciated. The authors also would like to
   acknowledge the UC Water Resources Center for funding under grant
   WR-1025. The authors are grateful to Clara Castro, Gary Weissmann, and
   an anonymous reviewer for their thorough and helpful comments, which
   greatly improved this manuscript.
NR 19
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0017-467X
J9 GROUND WATER
JI Ground Water
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2009
VL 47
IS 4
BP 547
EP 557
DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00550.x
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 466YA
UT WOS:000267700200017
PM 19245542
ER

PT J
AU Yager, RM
   Voss, CI
   Southworth, S
AF Yager, Richard M.
   Voss, Clifford I.
   Southworth, Scott
TI Comparison of alternative representations of hydraulic-conductivity
   anisotropy in folded fractured-sedimentary rock: modeling groundwater
   flow in the Shenandoah Valley (USA)
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE USA; Fractured rocks; Numerical modeling; Bedrock structure; Anisotropy
ID AQUIFER
AB A numerical representation that explicitly represents the generalized three-dimensional anisotropy of folded fractured-sedimentary rocks in a groundwater model best reproduces the salient features of the flow system in the Shenandoah Valley, USA. This conclusion results from a comparison of four alternative representations of anisotropy in which the hydraulic-conductivity tensor represents the bedrock structure as (model A) anisotropic with variable strikes and dips, (model B) horizontally anisotropic with a uniform strike, (model C) horizontally anisotropic with variable strikes, and (model D) isotropic. Simulations using the US Geological Survey groundwater flow and transport model SUTRA are based on a representation of hydraulic conductivity that conforms to bedding planes in a three-dimensional structural model of the valley that duplicates the pattern of folded sedimentary rocks. In the most general representation, (model A), the directions of maximum and medium hydraulic conductivity conform to the strike and dip of bedding, respectively, while the minimum hydraulic-conductivity direction is perpendicular to bedding. Model A produced a physically realistic flow system that reflects the underlying bedrock structure, with a flow field that is significantly different from those produced by the other three models.
C1 [Yager, Richard M.] US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
   [Voss, Clifford I.; Southworth, Scott] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Yager, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 30 Brown Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
EM ryager@usgs.gov; cvoss@usgs.gov; ssouthwo@usgs.gov
NR 38
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 17
IS 5
BP 1111
EP 1131
DI 10.1007/s10040-008-0431-x
PG 21
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 459LU
UT WOS:000267104800007
ER

PT J
AU Heilweil, VM
   Solomon, DK
   Gingerich, SB
   Verstraeten, IM
AF Heilweil, Victor M.
   Solomon, D. Kip
   Gingerich, Stephen B.
   Verstraeten, Ingrid M.
TI Oxygen, hydrogen, and helium isotopes for investigating groundwater
   systems of the Cape Verde Islands, West Africa
SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Cape Verde Islands; Groundwater age; Ocean island basalts (OIBs); Mantle
   helium; Stable isotopes
ID CANARY-ISLANDS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; SANTO-ANTAO; NEW-ZEALAND; TENERIFE;
   SEEPAGE; BASALTS; SPAIN; LAVAS; HE-3
AB Stable isotopes (delta(18)O, delta(2)H), tritium ((3)H), and helium isotopes ((3)He, (4)He) were used for evaluating groundwater recharge sources, flow paths, and residence times of three watersheds in the Cape Verde Islands (West Africa). Stable isotopes indicate the predominance of high-elevation precipitation that undergoes little evaporation prior to groundwater recharge. In contrast to other active oceanic hotspots, environmental tracers show that deep geothermal circulation does not strongly affect groundwater. Low tritium concentrations at seven groundwater sites indicate groundwater residence times of more than 50 years. Higher tritium values at other sites suggest some recent recharge. High (4)He and (3)He/(4)He ratios precluded (3)H/(3)He dating at six sites. These high (3)He/(4)He ratios (R/R(a) values of up to 8.3) are consistent with reported mantle derived helium of oceanic island basalts in Cape Verde and provided end-member constraints for improved dating at seven other locations. Tritium and (3)H/(3)He dating shows that So Nicolau Island's Ribeira Faj Basin has groundwater residence times of more than 50 years, whereas Fogo Island's Mosteiros Basin and Santo Anto Island's Ribeira Paul Basin contain a mixture of young and old groundwater. Young ages at selected sites within these two basins indicate local recharge and potential groundwater susceptibility to surface contamination and/or salt-water intrusion.
C1 [Heilweil, Victor M.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
   [Solomon, D. Kip] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Gingerich, Stephen B.] US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
   [Verstraeten, Ingrid M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Heilweil, VM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA.
EM heilweil@usgs.gov
RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016; 
OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Gingerich,
   Stephen/0000-0002-4381-0746
NR 71
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 4
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1431-2174
J9 HYDROGEOL J
JI Hydrogeol. J.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 17
IS 5
BP 1157
EP 1174
DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0434-2
PG 18
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 459LU
UT WOS:000267104800010
ER

PT J
AU Ruthrauff, DR
   Keller, JN
   Rizzolo, DJ
AF Ruthrauff, Daniel R.
   Keller, Juliette N.
   Rizzolo, Daniel J.
TI Ecological factors regulating brood attendance patterns of the Western
   Sandpiper Calidris mauri
SO IBIS
LA English
DT Article
DE breeding phenology; latitudinal variation; migration distance; migratory
   connectivity; parental attendance
ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; YUKON-KUSKOKWIM DELTA; PARENTAL CARE;
   SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; OFFSPRING DESERTION; BREEDING GROUNDS; KENTISH
   PLOVER; PACIFIC COAST; ANNUAL CYCLE; WING LENGTH
AB Parental brood attendance patterns vary greatly among shorebird species. For monogamous calidridine species, biparental care with female-first brood departure is most common. It is believed that adult sandpipers balance potential individual survival costs associated with extended parental care against the benefit gained by their brood of prolonged parental care. These costs and benefits are difficult to quantify and factors affecting the termination of parental brood attendance are unclear. We compared clutch size, nesting phenology, and parental attendance patterns of Western Sandpipers Calidris mauri at Nome and Kanaryarmiut, Alaska, sites separated by three degrees of latitude. The sites differed in breeding density and duration of breeding season, but the distribution of clutch sizes did not differ between sites or between nesting attempts. Parental attendance patterns were similar between sites, suggesting that parental attendance is a highly conserved life-history trait in Western Sandpipers. Male Western Sandpipers attended broods longer than females, and the duration of parental attendance decreased at a similar rate for both sexes as the season progressed. Male and female Western Sandpipers undertake differential migrations to their non-breeding grounds, with males typically settling at more northerly locations and females at more southerly sites, a migration pattern shared by certain other monogamous calidridine species. These same species exhibit similar parental brood attendance patterns, suggesting the strong role of overall migration distance in shaping the expression of parental attendance behaviours. A contrast of more geographically disjunct sites coupled with a better understanding of the migratory connectivity between Western Sandpiper breeding and non-breeding populations would elucidate the role of cross-seasonal effects on parental brood attendance decisions.
C1 [Ruthrauff, Daniel R.; Rizzolo, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Keller, Juliette N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Keller, Juliette N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Ruthrauff, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM druthrauff@usgs.gov
NR 66
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 13
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0019-1019
J9 IBIS
JI Ibis
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 151
IS 3
BP 523
EP 534
PG 12
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 462PX
UT WOS:000267369200009
ER

PT J
AU Prosser, DJ
   Takekawa, JY
   Newman, SH
   Yan, BP
   Douglas, DC
   Hou, YS
   Xing, Z
   Zhang, DH
   Li, TX
   Li, YD
   Zhao, DL
   Perry, WM
   Palm, EC
AF Prosser, Diann J.
   Takekawa, John Y.
   Newman, Scott H.
   Yan, Baoping
   Douglas, David C.
   Hou, Yuansheng
   Xing, Zhi
   Zhang, Dehai
   Li, Tianxian
   Li, Yongdong
   Zhao, Delong
   Perry, William M.
   Palm, Eric C.
TI Satellite-marked waterfowl reveal migratory connection between H5N1
   outbreak areas in China and Mongolia
SO IBIS
LA English
DT Article
DE highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1; satellite telemetry; waterfowl;
   wild birds
ID AVIAN INFLUENZA H5N1; WILD BIRDS; HONG-KONG; A H5N1; LAKE QINGHAI;
   VIRUS; SPREAD; ASIA; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB The role of wild birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 has been greatly debated and remains an unresolved question. However, analyses to determine involvement of wild birds have been hindered by the lack of basic information on their movements in central Asia. Thus, we initiated a programme to document migrations of waterfowl in Asian flyways to inform hypotheses of H5N1 transmission. As part of this work, we studied migration of waterfowl from Qinghai Lake, China, site of the 2005 H5N1 outbreak in wild birds. We examined the null hypothesis that no direct migratory connection existed between Qinghai Lake and H5N1 outbreak areas in central Mongolia, as suggested by some H5N1 phylogeny studies. We captured individuals in 2007 from two of the species that died in the Qinghai Lake outbreaks and marked them with GPS satellite transmitters: Bar-headed Geese Anser indicus (n = 14) and Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea (n = 11). Three of 25 marked birds (one Goose and two Shelducks) migrated to breeding grounds near H5N1 outbreak areas in Mongolia. Our results describe a previously unknown migratory link between the two regions and offer new critical information on migratory movements in the region.
C1 [Prosser, Diann J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   [Prosser, Diann J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Takekawa, John Y.; Perry, William M.; Palm, Eric C.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA.
   [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Anim Prod & Hlth Div, EMPRES Wildlife Unit, Anim Hlth Serv, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
   [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
   [Yan, Baoping] Chinese Acad Sci, Comp Network Informat Ctr, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
   [Hou, Yuansheng; Xing, Zhi; Zhang, Dehai] Qinghai Lake Natl Nat Reserve, Xining 810003, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tianxian; Li, Yongdong] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan Inst Virol, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Delong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
RP Prosser, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM dprosser@usgs.gov; litx@wh.iov.cn
OI Prosser, Diann/0000-0002-5251-1799
FU United States Geological Survey (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center;
   Western Ecological Research Center; Alaska Science Center; Avian
   Influenza Program; United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization;
   Animal Production and Health Division; EMPRES Wildlife Unit; National
   Science Foundation [0713027]; Government of Sweden through donation
   [OSRO/GLO/GO1/SWE]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [2007FY210700,
   INFO-115-D02, KSCX2-YW-N-063, 2005CB523007]; Qinghai Lake National
   Nature Reserve staff; Qinghai Forestry Bureau; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; U.S. Embassy
FX This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey (Patuxent
   Wildlife Research Center, Western Ecological Research Center, Alaska
   Science Center, and Avian Influenza Program), the United Nations Food
   and Agriculture Organization, Animal Production and Health Division,
   EMPRES Wildlife Unit, National Science Foundation Small Grants for
   Exploratory Research (No. 0713027), the Government of Sweden through
   donation OSRO/GLO/GO1/SWE, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.
   2007FY210700, INFO-115-D02, KSCX2-YW-N-063 and 2005CB523007). We thank
   S. Haseltine, R. Kearney, P. Bright, S. Schwarzbach, and J. Howell of
   USGS for support of this project. We are grateful to the Qinghai Lake
   National Nature Reserve staff, Qinghai Forestry Bureau (S. Li), Chinese
   Academy of Sciences (F. Lei, X. Hu, L. Hu, N. Kong, Z. Luo), and U.S.
   Embassy (W. Chang, D. Jassem) for logistical and field support. E.
   Ellis, R.M. Erwin, S. Muzaffar, J. Nagel, S. Heath, J. Wilson, P.
   Battley, M. Gilbert, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments
   to strengthen earlier versions of this manuscript, and we thank N.
   Batbayar (Wildlife Science and Conservation Center) for providing
   reports on Mongolian poultry. The use of trade, product, or firm names
   in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
   endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 65
TC 31
Z9 37
U1 3
U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0019-1019
J9 IBIS
JI Ibis
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 151
IS 3
BP 568
EP 576
PG 9
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 462PX
UT WOS:000267369200014
ER

PT J
AU Leclaire, S
   Mulard, H
   Wagner, RH
   Hatch, SA
   Danchin, E
AF Leclaire, Sarah
   Mulard, Herve
   Wagner, Richard H.
   Hatch, Scott A.
   Danchin, Etienne
TI Can Kittiwakes smell? Experimental evidence in a Larid species
SO IBIS
LA English
DT Article
DE bird; Black-legged Kittiwake; Rissa tridactyla; odour; olfaction
ID PROCELLARIIFORM SEABIRDS; ODOR RECOGNITION; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; SENSORY
   ECOLOGY; OLFACTION; BIRDS; ENVIRONMENT; WORLD
C1 [Leclaire, Sarah; Mulard, Herve; Danchin, Etienne] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France.
   [Leclaire, Sarah; Mulard, Herve; Wagner, Richard H.] Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.
   [Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
RP Leclaire, S (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France.
EM sarah.leclaire@free.fr
RI Leclaire, Sarah/D-6519-2011; Danchin, Etienne/A-2299-2009
OI Leclaire, Sarah/0000-0002-4579-5850; 
FU French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV)
FX We are grateful to M. Berlincourt, V. Bourret, E. Moc, B. Planade, and
   C. Bello Marin for their help in the field and P. Heeb and P. Mirleau
   for helpful comments on the manuscript. Experiments were carried out in
   accordance with United States laws and under permits from the U.S. Fish
   and Wildlife Service and State of Alaska. This study was financed in
   part by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV). Any use of
   trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply
   endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 32
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0019-1019
J9 IBIS
JI Ibis
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 151
IS 3
BP 584
EP 587
PG 4
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 462PX
UT WOS:000267369200017
ER

PT J
AU Rudstam, LG
   Parker-Stetter, SL
   Sullivan, PJ
   Warner, DM
AF Rudstam, Lars G.
   Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.
   Sullivan, Patrick J.
   Warner, David M.
TI Towards a standard operating procedure for fishery acoustic surveys in
   the Laurentian Great Lakes, North America
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT ICES Symposium on the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Acoutics and
   Complementary Technologies
CY JUN 16-20, 2008
CL Bergen, NORWAY
SP ICES
DE alewife; analysis thresholds; detection limits; hydroacoustics;
   Laurentian Great Lakes; rainbow smelt; standard operating procedures
ID SITU TARGET-STRENGTH; RAINBOW-SMELT; FRESH-WATER; ABUNDANCE; SINGLE
AB Acoustic surveys are conducted annually in all five of the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Champlain to assess forage-fish abundance. The main target species are rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and several coregonine species (Coregonus spp.). The Great Lakes Fishery Commission sponsored an Acoustic Study Group from 2002 to 2006 to discuss common problems and suggest standardized methods across these lakes. The study group produced a set of recommendations, available as a Great Lakes Fishery Commission Special Publication and on the web, that use in situ target strength (TS) to scale volume backscattering. Here, we review these recommendations with special attention to four often-overlooked topics of interest to all acoustic users, namely issues associated with first, the choice of thresholds for both TS and volume-backscattering strength, second, different settings for single-echo detection algorithms for measures of in situ TS, third, those taking account of measuring in situ TS in dense fish concentrations, and finally, detection limits.
C1 [Rudstam, Lars G.; Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
   [Rudstam, Lars G.; Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
   [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Warner, David M.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Rudstam, LG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
EM rudstam@cornell.edu
RI Warner, David/C-8858-2009
NR 24
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 3
U2 19
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 66
IS 6
BP 1391
EP 1397
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp014
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 460WG
UT WOS:000267221600061
ER

PT J
AU Amstrup, SC
   Caswell, H
   DeWeaver, E
   Stirling, I
   Douglas, DC
   Marcot, BG
   Hunter, CM
AF Amstrup, Steven C.
   Caswell, Hal
   DeWeaver, Eric
   Stirling, Ian
   Douglas, David C.
   Marcot, Bruce G.
   Hunter, Christine M.
TI Rebuttal of "Polar Bear Population Forecasts: A Public-Policy
   Forecasting Audit"
SO INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE polar bear; Ursus maritimus; global warming; climate models; forecasting
   principles; forecasts; projections; audit; Endangered Species Act
ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; URSUS-MARITIMUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
   PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; BEAUFORT SEA; WATER-VAPOR; SURVIVAL; COVER;
   AMPLIFICATION
AB Observed declines in the Arctic sea ice have resulted in a variety of negative effects on polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Projections for additional future declines in sea ice resulted in a proposal to list polar bears as a threatened species under the United States Endangered Species Act. To provide information for the Department of the Interior's listing-decision process, the US Geological Survey (USGS) produced a series of nine research reports evaluating the present and future status of polar bears throughout their range. In response, Armstrong et al. [Armstrong, J. S., K. C. Green, W. Soon. 2008. Polar bear population forecasts: A public-policy forecasting audit. Interfaces 38(5) 382-405], which we will refer to as AGS, performed an audit of two of these nine reports. AGS claimed that the general circulation models upon which the USGS reports relied were not valid forecasting tools, that USGS researchers were not objective or lacked independence from policy decisions, that they did not utilize all available information in constructing their forecasts, and that they violated numerous principles of forecasting espoused by AGS. AGS (p. 382) concluded that the two USGS reports were "unscientific and inconsequential to decision makers." We evaluate the AGS audit and show how AGS are mistaken or misleading on every claim. We provide evidence that general circulation models are useful in forecasting future climate conditions and that corporate and government leaders are relying on these models to do so. We clarify the strict independence of the USGS from the listing decision. We show that the allegations of failure to follow the principles of forecasting espoused by AGS are either incorrect or are based on misconceptions about the Arctic environment, polar bear biology, or statistical and mathematical methods. We conclude by showing that the AGS principles of forecasting are too ambiguous and subjective to be used as a reliable basis for auditing scientific investigations. In summary, we show that the AGS audit offers no valid criticism of the USGS conclusion that global warming poses a serious threat to the future welfare of polar bears and that it only serves to distract from reasoned public-policy debate.
C1 [Amstrup, Steven C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Caswell, Hal] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [DeWeaver, Eric] Univ Maryland, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Stirling, Ian] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada.
   [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
   [Marcot, Bruce G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Ecosyst Proc Res Program, Portland, OR 97205 USA.
   [Hunter, Christine M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Amstrup, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM samstrup@usgs.gov; hcaswell@whoi.edu; eric@atmos.umd.edu;
   ian.stirling@ec.gc.ca; ddouglas@usgs.gov; bmarcot@fs.fed.us;
   ffcmh1@uaf.edu
RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; 
OI Caswell, Hal/0000-0003-4394-6894
FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science ( BER) [DE-FG02-03ER63604];
   National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration; Ocean Life Institute and the Arctic Research Initiative;
   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; University of Alaska Fairbanks;
   USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
FX Principal funding to support research leading to the USGS reports
   discussed here was provided by the US Geological Survey, the Canadian
   Wildlife Service, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of
   the Government of the Northwest Territories, the Natural Sciences and
   Engineering Research Council, and the Polar Continental Shelf Project,
   Ottawa, Canada. DeWeaver's research is supported by the US Department of
   Energy's Office of Science (BER) under Grant DE-FG02-03ER63604. Caswell
   and Hunter acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation, the
   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Ocean Life
   Institute and the Arctic Research Initiative at Woods Hole Oceanographic
   Institution, and the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of
   Alaska Fairbanks. Marcot acknowledges support from USDA Forest Service,
   Pacific Northwest Research Station. We thank Cecilia Bitz and Shad
   O'Neel for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript and
   K. Simac for help in accumulating verifying and formatting references.
NR 91
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 46
PU INFORMS
PI CATONSVILLE
PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA
SN 0092-2102
EI 1526-551X
J9 INTERFACES
JI Interfaces
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2009
VL 39
IS 4
BP 353
EP 369
DI 10.1287/inte.1090.0444
PG 17
WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science
GA 479UA
UT WOS:000268685200009
ER

PT J
AU Mika, KB
   Imamura, G
   Chang, C
   Conway, V
   Fernandez, G
   Griffith, JF
   Kampalath, RA
   Lee, CM
   Lin, CC
   Moreno, R
   Thompson, S
   Whitman, RL
   Jay, JA
AF Mika, K. B.
   Imamura, G.
   Chang, C.
   Conway, V.
   Fernandez, G.
   Griffith, J. F.
   Kampalath, R. A.
   Lee, C. M.
   Lin, C. -C.
   Moreno, R.
   Thompson, S.
   Whitman, R. L.
   Jay, J. A.
TI Pilot- and bench-scale testing of faecal indicator bacteria survival in
   marine beach sand near point sources
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE degradation; detection; disinfection; indicators; soil; water quality
ID RECREATIONAL COASTAL SITES; WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS; FRESH-WATER
   SEDIMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LAKE-MICHIGAN; NEARSHORE WATER; SURF ZONE;
   SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; CLADOPHORA CHLOROPHYTA; SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION
AB Factors affecting faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and pathogen survival/persistence in sand remain largely unstudied. This work elucidates how biological and physical factors affect die-off in beach sand following sewage spills.
   Solar disinfection with mechanical mixing was pilot-tested as a disinfection procedure after a large sewage spill in Los Angeles. Effects of solar exposure, mechanical mixing, predation and/or competition, season, and moisture were tested at bench scale. First-order decay constants for Escherichia coli ranged between -0.23 and -1.02 per day, and for enterococci between -0.5 and -1.0 per day. Desiccation was a dominant factor for E. coli but not enterococci inactivation. Effects of season were investigated through a comparison of experimental results from winter, spring, and fall.
   Moisture was the dominant factor controlling E. coli inactivation kinetics. Initial microbial community and sand temperature were also important factors. Mechanical mixing, common in beach grooming, did not consistently reduce bacterial levels.
   Inactivation rates are mainly dependent on moisture and high sand temperature. Chlorination was an effective disinfection treatment in sand microcosms inoculated with raw influent.
C1 [Mika, K. B.; Imamura, G.; Chang, C.; Kampalath, R. A.; Lee, C. M.; Lin, C. -C.; Moreno, R.; Jay, J. A.] UCLA Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Conway, V.; Thompson, S.] Los Angeles Cty Sanit Dist, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Fernandez, G.] Port Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Griffith, J. F.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Whitman, R. L.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Jay, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5732H Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM jennyayla@gmail.com
RI Griffith, John/B-6110-2011
OI Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519
FU UC Water Resources Center; UC Marine Council; Los Angeles County
   Sanitation District; BioLargo Life Technologies
FX This work was funded by the UC Water Resources Center, the UC Marine
   Council, Los Angeles County Sanitation District and BioLargo Life
   Technologies. The authors gratefully acknowledge laboratory assistance
   from Vincent Reyes, Anthony Lo and Denise Del Cid.
NR 58
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1364-5072
J9 J APPL MICROBIOL
JI J. Appl. Microbiol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 107
IS 1
BP 72
EP 84
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04197.x
PG 13
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 454UH
UT WOS:000266707700007
PM 19302327
ER

PT J
AU Mattinson, CG
   Wooden, JL
   Zhang, JX
   Bird, DK
AF Mattinson, C. G.
   Wooden, J. L.
   Zhang, J. X.
   Bird, D. K.
TI Paragneiss zircon geochronology and trace element geochemistry, North
   Qaidam HP/UHP terrane, western China
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Eclogite Conference
CY AUG, 2009
CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA
DE North Qaidam UHP terrane; Dulan; Zircon U-Pb age; Trace elements
ID ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHISM; NORTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU;
   COESITE-BEARING ZIRCONS; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; NW CHINA; CONTINENTAL
   COLLISION; TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE; GARNET PERIDOTITE; UHP METAMORPHISM;
   ALTYN-TAGH
AB In the southeastern part of the North Qaidam, terrane, near Dulan, paragneiss hosts minor peridotite and UHP eclogite. Zircon geochronology and trace element geochemistry of three paragneiss samples (located within a similar to 3 km transect) indicates that eclogite-facies metamorphism resulted in variable degrees of zircon growth and recrystallization in the three samples. Inherited zircon core age groups at 1.8 and 2.5 Ga suggest that the protoliths of these rocks may have received sediments from the Yangtze or North China cratons. Mineral inclusions, depletion in HREE, and absence of negative Eu anomalies indicate that zircon U-Pb ages of 431 +/- 5 Ma and 426 +/- 4 Ma reflect eclogite-facies zircon growth in two of the samples. Ti-in-zircon thermometry results are tightly grouped at 660 and -600 degrees C, respectively. Inclusions of metamorphic minerals, scarcity of inherited cores, and lack of isotopic or trace element inheritance demonstrate that significant new metamorphic zircon growth must have occurred. In contrast, zircon in the third sample is dominated by inherited grains, and rims show isotopic and trace element inheritance, suggesting solid-state recrystallization of detrital zircon with only minor new growth. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mattinson, C. G.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA.
   [Wooden, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Zhang, J. X.] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
   [Mattinson, C. G.; Bird, D. K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Mattinson, CG (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 400 E Univ Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA.
EM mattinson@geology.cwu.edu
NR 67
TC 46
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
J9 J ASIAN EARTH SCI
JI J. Asian Earth Sci.
PD JUL 1
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 3-4
SI SI
BP 298
EP 309
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.12.007
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 457AC
UT WOS:000266895800008
ER

PT J
AU Lloyd, P
   Taylor, WA
   du Plessis, MA
   Martin, TE
AF Lloyd, Penn
   Taylor, W. Andrew
   du Plessis, Morne A.
   Martin, Thomas E.
TI Females increase reproductive investment in response to helper-mediated
   improvements in allo-feeding, nest survival, nestling provisioning and
   post-fledging survival in the Karoo scrub-robin Cercotrichas coryphaeus
SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COOPERATIVELY BREEDING BIRDS; MALE PARENTAL CARE; LONG-TERM;
   SURICATA-SURICATTA; SEYCHELLES WARBLER; CLUTCH-SIZE; PREDATION;
   EVOLUTION; INCUBATION; BEHAVIOR
AB In many cooperatively-breeding species, the presence of one or more helpers improves the reproductive performance of the breeding pair receiving help. Helper contributions can take many different forms, including allo-feeding, offspring provisioning, and offspring guarding or defence. Yet, most studies have focussed on single forms of helper contribution, particularly offspring provisioning, and few have evaluated the relative importance of a broader range of helper contributions to group reproductive performance. We examined helper contributions to multiple components of breeding performance in the Karoo scrub-robin Cercotrichas coryphaeus, a facultative cooperative breeder. We also tested a prediction of increased female investment in reproduction when helpers improve conditions for rearing young. Helpers assisted the breeding male in allo-feeding the incubating female, increasing allo-feeding rates. Greater allo-feeding correlated with greater female nest attentiveness during incubation. Nest predation was substantially lower among pairs breeding with a helper, resulting in a 74% increase in the probability of nest survival. Helper contributions to offspring provisioning increased nestling feeding rates, resulting in a reduced incidence of nestling starvation and increased nestling mass. Nestling mass had a strong, positive effect on post-fledging survival. Controlling for female age and habitat effects, annual production of fledged young was 130% greater among pairs breeding with a helper, and was influenced most strongly by helper correlates with nest survival, despite important helper effects on offspring provisioning. Females breeding with a helper increased clutch size, supporting the prediction of increased female investment in reproduction in response to helper benefits.
C1 [Lloyd, Penn; Taylor, W. Andrew; du Plessis, Morne A.] Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
   [Martin, Thomas E.] Univ Montana, Wildl Res Unit, USGS Montana Coop, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Lloyd, P (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
EM Penn.Lloyd@gmail.com
RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011
OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867
NR 68
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0908-8857
EI 1600-048X
J9 J AVIAN BIOL
JI J. Avian Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 40
IS 4
BP 400
EP 411
DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04642.x
PG 12
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 469GC
UT WOS:000267882900007
ER

PT J
AU Joseph, L
   Adcock, GJ
   Linde, C
   Omland, KE
   Heinsohn, R
   Chesser, RT
   Roshier, D
AF Joseph, Leo
   Adcock, Gregory J.
   Linde, Celeste
   Omland, Kevin E.
   Heinsohn, Robert
   Chesser, R. Terry
   Roshier, David
TI A tangled tale of two teal: population history of the grey Anas gracilis
   and chestnut teal A-castanea of Australia
SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; INLAND AUSTRALIA; ARID AUSTRALIA;
   BIRDS; DIVERGENCE; COALESCENT; MOVEMENTS; WATERFOWL; CLIMATE
AB Two Australian species of teal (Anseriformes: Anatidae: Anas), the grey teal Anas gracilis and the chestnut teal A. castanea, are remarkable for the zero or near-zero divergence recorded between them in earlier surveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity. We confirmed this result through wider geographical and population sampling as well as nucleotide sampling in the more rapidly evolving mtDNA control region. Any data set where two species share polymorphism as is the case here can be explained by a model of gene flow through hybridization on one hand or by incomplete lineage sorting on the other hand. Ideally, analysis of such shared polymorphism would simultaneously estimate the likelihood of both phenomena. To do this, we used the underlying principle of the IMa package to explore ramifications to understanding population histories of A. gracilis and A. castanea. We cannot reject that hybridization occurs between the two species but an equally or more plausible finding for their nearly zero divergence is incomplete sorting following very recent divergence between the two, probably in the mid-late Pleistocene. Our data add to studies that explore intermediate stages in the evolution of reciprocal monophyly and paraphyletic or polyphyletic relationships in mtDNA diversity among widespread Australian birds.
C1 [Joseph, Leo] CSIRO Sust Ecosyst, Austr Natl Wildlife Coll, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
   [Adcock, Gregory J.; Linde, Celeste] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
   [Omland, Kevin E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
   [Heinsohn, Robert] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
   [Chesser, R. Terry] Natl Mus Natl Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildl Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
   [Roshier, David] Charles Sturt Univ, Inst Land Water & Soc, Ecol & Biodiv Grp, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia.
RP Joseph, L (reprint author), CSIRO Sust Ecosyst, Austr Natl Wildlife Coll, GPO Box 284, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
EM Leo.Joseph@csiro.au
RI Omland, Kevin/A-8887-2010; Joseph, Leo/F-9235-2010
OI Omland, Kevin/0000-0002-3863-5509; 
FU Australian Research Council [LP07775076]; Victor Fairfax Family
   Foundation; Hermon Slade Foundation; Perpetual Trusts; US National
   Science Foundation CAREER [0347083]; Australian National University;
   CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Animal Ethics Committee; Queensland
   Environmental Protection Agency; Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service;
   Biodiversity Management Unit; National Parks and Wildlife Service, New
   South Wales; Department of Environment and Heritage, South Australia;
   Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia
FX This work has been funded partly by a grant from the Australian Research
   Council (ARC, Grant LP07775076 - Northern connections: movement of birds
   between Australia and its near northern neighbours) to DR, RH and LJ;
   and by grants to the Australian National Wildlife Collection from the
   Victor Fairfax Family Foundation, the Hermon Slade Foundation, and
   Perpetual Trusts. Kevin Omland was funded by an US National Science
   Foundation CAREER Grant (DEB - 0347083) and an Australian National
   University Visiting Fellowship. Field work was conducted with the
   valuable assistance of Mark Clayton, Ian Mason, John Wombey, Nathan
   Rice, and Peter Catling. Patrick-Jean Guay very kindly made available
   samples of A. castanea from Tasmania. We thank all landholders for
   allowing us to work on their properties. At the ANWC, Robert Palmer
   co-ordinated tissue subsampling, Margaret Cawsey prepared Figure 1,
   Marietta McGregor provided strong administrative support and Gaynor
   Dolman helpfully discussed our data. Ethics permits and permits to
   collect were kindly granted by the CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Animal
   Ethics Committee, Queensland Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland
   Parks and Wildlife Service; Biodiversity Management Unit, National Parks
   and Wildlife Service, New South Wales; National Parks and Wildlife
   Service, Department of Environment and Heritage, South Australia, and
   Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia. Ian
   Mason was the guinea pig for identification trials of specimens and Jose
   ten Have performed some initial laboratory work.
NR 55
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0908-8857
J9 J AVIAN BIOL
JI J. Avian Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 40
IS 4
BP 430
EP 439
DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04652.x
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 469GC
UT WOS:000267882900010
ER

PT J
AU Hidalgo, HG
   Das, T
   Dettinger, MD
   Cayan, DR
   Pierce, DW
   Barnett, TP
   Bala, G
   Mirin, A
   Wood, AW
   Bonfils, C
   Santer, BD
   Nozawa, T
AF Hidalgo, H. G.
   Das, T.
   Dettinger, M. D.
   Cayan, D. R.
   Pierce, D. W.
   Barnett, T. P.
   Bala, G.
   Mirin, A.
   Wood, A. W.
   Bonfils, C.
   Santer, B. D.
   Nozawa, T.
TI Detection and Attribution of Streamflow Timing Changes to Climate Change
   in the Western United States
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; WATER-RESOURCES; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; SNOWMELT
   RUNOFF; GREENHOUSE-GAS; NORTH-AMERICA; MODEL; HYDROLOGY; SURFACE;
   PRECIPITATION
AB This article applies formal detection and attribution techniques to investigate the nature of observed shifts in the timing of streamflow in the western United States. Previous studies have shown that the snow hydrology of the western United States has changed in the second half of the twentieth century. Such changes manifest themselves in the form of more rain and less snow, in reductions in the snow water contents, and in earlier snowmelt and associated advances in streamflow "center'' timing (the day in the "water-year'' on average when half the water-year flow at a point has passed). However, with one exception over a more limited domain, no other study has attempted to formally attribute these changes to anthropogenic increases of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Using the observations together with a set of global climate model simulations and a hydrologic model (applied to three major hydrological regions of the western United States-the California region, the upper Colorado River basin, and the Columbia River basin), it is found that the observed trends toward earlier "center'' timing of snowmelt-driven streamflows in the western United States since 1950 are detectably different from natural variability (significant at the p < 0.05 level). Furthermore, the nonnatural parts of these changes can be attributed confidently to climate changes induced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases, aerosols, ozone, and land use. The signal from the Columbia dominates the analysis, and it is the only basin that showed a detectable signal when the analysis was performed on individual basins. It should be noted that although climate change is an important signal, other climatic processes have also contributed to the hydrologic variability of large basins in the western United States.
C1 [Hidalgo, H. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, CASPO Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Dettinger, M. D.; Cayan, D. R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA.
   [Bala, G.; Mirin, A.; Bonfils, C.; Santer, B. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
   [Wood, A. W.] Univ Washington, Washington, DC USA.
   [Nozawa, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
RP Hidalgo, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, CASPO Div, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM hugo.hidalgo@ucr.ac.cr
RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012; Wood,
   Andrew/L-5133-2013; 
OI Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708; Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085;
   Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742
NR 67
TC 115
Z9 116
U1 5
U2 39
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 22
IS 13
BP 3838
EP 3855
DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2470.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 472JQ
UT WOS:000268127300019
ER

PT J
AU Chen, YS
   Viadero, RC
   Wei, XC
   Fortney, R
   Hedrick, LB
   Welsh, SA
   Anderson, JT
   Lin, LS
AF Chen, Yushun
   Viadero, Roger C., Jr.
   Wei, Xinchao
   Fortney, Ronald
   Hedrick, Lara B.
   Welsh, Stuart A.
   Anderson, James T.
   Lin, Lian-Shin
TI Effects of Highway Construction on Stream Water Quality and
   Macroinvertebrate Condition in a Mid-Atlantic Highlands Watershed, USA
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; ROAD CONSTRUCTION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; STORMWATER
   RUNOFF; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS; IMPACTS; NUTRIENT;
   SYSTEM
AB Refining best management practices (BMPs) for future highway construction depends on a comprehensive understanding of environmental impacts from current construction methods. Based on a before-after-control impact (BACI) experimental design, long-term stream monitoring (1997-2006) was conducted at upstream (as control, n = 3) and downstream (as impact, n = 6) sites in the Lost River watershed of the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region, West Virginia. Monitoring data were analyzed to assess impacts of during and after highway construction on 15 water quality parameters and macroinvertebrate condition using the West Virginia stream condition index (WVSCI). Principal components analysis (PCA) identified regional primary water quality variances, and paired t tests and time series analysis detected seven highway construction-impacted water quality parameters which were mainly associated with the second principal component. In particular, impacts on turbidity, total suspended solids, and total iron during construction, impacts on chloride and sulfate during and after construction, and impacts on acidity and nitrate after construction were observed at the downstream sites. The construction had statistically significant impacts on macroinvertebrate index scores (i.e., WVSCI) after construction, but did not change the overall good biological condition. Implementing BMPs that address those construction-impacted water quality parameters can be an effective mitigation strategy for future highway construction in this highlands region.
C1 [Chen, Yushun; Viadero, Roger C., Jr.; Wei, Xinchao; Fortney, Ronald; Lin, Lian-Shin] W Virginia Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
   [Hedrick, Lara B.; Welsh, Stuart A.; Anderson, James T.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
   [Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Lin, LS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
EM lianshin.lin@mail.wvu.edu
OI Wei, Xinchao/0000-0002-6897-2186
FU WVDOH
FX This work was funded through a grant from the WVDOH. The authors thank
   Mr. Charles Riling, Environmental Coordinator for Corridor H
   Construction, and Mr. Norse Angus and Mr. Neal Carte of the WVDOH's
   Environmental Group for their proactive commitment to environmental
   stewardship. The authors also thank Mr. Will Ravenscroft for help during
   field collections and laboratory assistance, and Drs. George Merovich,
   Todd Petty, and Karen Buzby for their suggestions for data analyses and
   improvement of the manuscript. Special thanks go to the journal
   reviewers for their constructive comments. Reference to trade names does
   not imply government endorsement of commercial products.
NR 60
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
EI 1537-2537
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2009
VL 38
IS 4
BP 1672
EP 1682
DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0423
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 467EG
UT WOS:000267719800034
PM 19549944
ER

PT J
AU Zydlewski, GB
   Zydlewski, J
   Johnson, J
AF Zydlewski, G. B.
   Zydlewski, J.
   Johnson, J.
TI Patterns of migration and residency in coastal cutthroat trout
   Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii from two tributaries of the lower Columbia
   River
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE growth; life history; partial migration; PIT tag
ID COHO SALMON; BROWN TROUT; CALIFORNIA; MIGRANT; SIZE; FISH
AB Coastal cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarkii clarkii life-history variants, migration and freshwater residency were monitored using stationary passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag arrays in two tributaries of the Columbia River from 2001 to 2005 (Abernathy Creek, river kilometre, rkm 76) and from 2002 to 2005 (Chinook River, rkm 6). In 2001-2003 and 2002-2003 (Abernathy and Chinook, respectively), 300-500 coastal O. c. clarkii were captured in each tributary by electrofishing and implanted with 23 mm PIT tags. PIT arrays monitored movements from the initiation of tagging through the spring of 2005. Rotary screw traps were also operated on both tributaries. In Abernathy Creek, 28% of tagged individuals were observed through either active capture or passive interrogation. Of these, 32% were identified as migrants and 68% were identified as residents. In the Chinook River, 48% of tagged fish were observed subsequent to tagging; 92% of these fish were migrants and only 8% were resident. In both tributaries, a greater proportion of resident fish were in the upper reaches. The majority of migrants (78-93%) moved the spring following tagging. Migrants leaving at age 2+ years tended to grow faster than those that migrated at age 3+ years or residents. Patterns of growth or growth opportunities may influence both patterns of life-history expression and the timing of migration.
C1 [Zydlewski, G. B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98626 USA.
   [Zydlewski, J.; Johnson, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
RP Zydlewski, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
EM jzydlewski@usgs.gov
FU U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); Bonneville Power Administration;
   U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX This work was funded in part by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
   (USACE) and Bonneville Power Administration. Additional support came
   from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Columbia River Fisheries
   Program Office, CRFPO and Abernathy Fish Technology Center, AFTC), the
   U. S. Geological Survey (Biological Resources Discipline, Maine
   Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit) and Digital Angel Inc. We
   appreciate the cooperative input from K. Larsen and D. Clugston (USACE).
   Invaluable contributions of time and effort to this work came from R.
   Warren and G. Gale from Sea Resources, the Washington Department of Fish
   and Wildlife (P. Hanratty, S. Wolthausen and B. Blazer), AFTC (C.
   Burger, J. Gordon, D. McClanahan, C. Winter, M. Hill, W. Gale, B.
   Kennedy, C. Jackson, J. Gasvoda, J. Poole, M. Grooms, A. Gannam and J.
   Holmes), CRFPO (J. Brunzell, J. Hogle, M. Hudson, H. Schaller and D.
   Allard), Smith- Root, Inc. (T. Brigham), Digital Angel (S. Casey and R.
   Clark), PSMFC (C. Stein, D. Marvin, D. Warf, S. Livingston and D. Chase)
   and USFWS Region 1 Office (D. Young and F. Olney). We extend special
   thanks to R. Davis for allowing PIT array construction on his property.
   We also thank numerous volunteers, including O. Zydlewski, H. Mahnke and
   J. Pederson. Mention of trade names and commercial goods does not
   constitute endorsement or recommendation by the U. S. government.
NR 31
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 75
IS 1
BP 203
EP 222
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02280.x
PG 20
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 476QX
UT WOS:000268459500014
PM 20738492
ER

PT J
AU Purcell, MK
   Garver, KA
   Conway, C
   Elliott, DG
   Kurath, G
AF Purcell, M. K.
   Garver, K. A.
   Conway, C.
   Elliott, D. G.
   Kurath, G.
TI Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus genogroup-specific virulence
   mechanisms in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), from Redfish
   Lake, Idaho
SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE histopathology; immunohistochemistry; interferon; quantitative reverse
   transcriptase PCR; virus load; virus titre
ID INTERFERON-INDUCED GENES; POLY I-C; RAINBOW-TROUT; DNA VACCINATION; FISH
   RHABDOVIRUS; ANEMIA-VIRUS; MX PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MYKISS; GLYCOPROTEIN
AB Characterization of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) field isolates from North America has established three main genogroups (U, M and L) that differ in host-specific virulence. In sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, the U genogroup is highly virulent, whereas the M genogroup is nearly non-pathogenic. In this study, we sought to characterize the virus-host dynamics that contribute to genogroup-specific virulence in a captive stock of sockeye salmon from Redfish Lake in Idaho. Juvenile sockeye salmon were challenged by immersion and injection with either a representative U or M viral strain and sampled periodically until 14 days post-infection (p.i.). Fish challenged with each strain had positive viral titre by day 3, regardless of challenge route, but the fish exposed to the M genogroup virus had significantly lower virus titres than fish exposed to the U genogroup virus. Gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to simultaneously assess viral load and host interferon (IFN) response in the anterior kidney. Viral load was significantly higher in the U-challenged fish relative to M-challenged fish. Both viruses induced expression of the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), but expression was usually significantly lower in the M-challenged group, particularly at later time points (7 and 14 days p.i.). However, ISG expression was comparable with 3 days post-immersion challenge despite a significant difference in viral load. Our data indicated that the M genogroup virus entered the host, replicated and spread in the sockeye salmon tissues, but to a lesser extent than the U genogroup. Both virus types induced a host IFN response, but the high virulence strain (U) continued to replicate in the presence of this response, whereas the low virulence strain (M) was cleared below detectable levels. We hypothesize that high virulence is associated with early in vivo replication allowing the virus to achieve a threshold level, which the host innate immune system cannot control.
C1 [Purcell, M. K.; Garver, K. A.; Conway, C.; Elliott, D. G.; Kurath, G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM mpurcell@usgs.gov
OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433
FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research,
   Education and Extension Service [2006-35204-17393]; U.S. Geological
   Survey
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the technical assistance of Judy
   Ranson and Bill Batts. The authors would also like to thank Debbie Frost
   and Carlin McAuley from National Marine Fisheries Service for providing
   Redfish Lake sockeye salmon gametes and Dr Scott LaPatra for providing
   reagents. The project was partially supported by the National Research
   Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and
   Extension Service, grant number 2006-35204-17393 and the U.S. Geological
   Survey. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication
   is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not
   constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of
   Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the
   exclusion of others that may be suitable.
NR 44
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0140-7775
J9 J FISH DIS
JI J. Fish Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 32
IS 7
BP 619
EP 631
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01045.x
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 459AJ
UT WOS:000267071800007
PM 19486239
ER

PT J
AU Kean, JW
   Kuhnle, RA
   Smith, JD
   Alonso, CV
   Langendoen, EJ
AF Kean, Jason W.
   Kuhnle, Roger A.
   Smith, J. Dungan
   Alonso, Carlos V.
   Langendoen, Eddy J.
TI Test of a Method to Calculate Near-Bank Velocity and Boundary Shear
   Stress
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID OPEN-CHANNEL FLOWS; BED
AB Detailed knowledge of the flow and boundary shear stress fields near the banks of natural channels is essential for making accurate calculations of rates of near-bank sediment transport and geomorphic adjustment. This paper presents a high-resolution laboratory data set of velocity and boundary shear stress measurements and uses it to test a relatively simple, fully predictive, numerical method for determining these distributions across the cross-section of a straight channel. The measurements are made in a flume with a fairly complex cross-section that includes a simulated, cobble-roughened floodplain. The method tested is that reported by Kean and Smith in Riparian Vegetation and Fluvial Geomorphology in 2004, which is modified here to include the effects of drag on clasts located in the channel. The calculated patterns of velocity and boundary shear stress are shown to be in reasonable agreement with the measurements. The principal differences between the measured and calculated fields are the result of secondary circulations, which are not included in the calculation. Better agreement with the structure of the measured streamwise velocity field is obtained by distorting the calculated flow field with the measured secondary flow. Calculations for a variety of narrower and wider configurations of the original flume geometry are used to show how the width-to-depth ratio affects the distribution of velocity and boundary shear stress across the channel.
C1 [Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Kuhnle, Roger A.; Alonso, Carlos V.; Langendoen, Eddy J.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA.
   [Smith, J. Dungan] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Kean, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jwkean@usgs.gov
OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369; Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989
NR 37
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 8
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9429
J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE
JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 135
IS 7
BP 588
EP 601
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000049
PG 14
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 458VO
UT WOS:000267054500005
ER

PT J
AU Rutqvist, J
   Moridis, GJ
   Grover, T
   Collett, T
AF Rutqvist, J.
   Moridis, G. J.
   Grover, T.
   Collett, T.
TI Geomechanical response of permafrost-associated hydrate deposits to
   depressurization-induced gas production
SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE gas hydrates; permafrost deposits; depressurization; hydrate
   dissociation; geomechanics
AB In this simulation study, we analyzed the geomechanical response during depressurization production from two known hydrate-bearing permafrost deposits: the Mallik (Northwest Territories, Canada) deposit and Mount Elbert (Alaska, USA) deposit. Gas was produced from these deposits at constant pressure using horizontal wells placed at the top of a hydrate layer (HL), located at a depth of about 900 m at the Mallik site and 600 m at the Mount Elbert site. The simulation results show that general thermodynamic and geomechanical responses are similar for the two sites, but with substantially higher production and more intensive geomechanical responses at the deeper Mallik deposit. The depressurization-induced dissociation begins at the well bore and then spreads laterally, mainly along the top of the HL The depressurization results in an increased shear stress within the body of the receding hydrate and causes a vertical compaction of the reservoir. However, its effects are partially mitigated by the relatively stiff permafrost overburden, and compaction of the HL is limited to less than 0.4%. The increased shear stress may lead to shear failure in the hydrate-free zone bounded by the HL overburden and the downward-receding upper dissociation interface. This zone undergoes complete hydrate dissociation, and the cohesive strength of the sediment is low. We determined that the likelihood of shear failure depends on the initial stress state as well as on the geomechanical properties of the reservoir. The Poisson's ratio of the hydrate-bearing formation is a particularly important parameter that determines whether the evolution of the reservoir stresses will increase or decrease the likelihood of shear failure. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Rutqvist, J.; Moridis, G. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Grover, T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Petr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Collett, T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jrutqvist@lbl.gov
RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015
OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785
FU National Energy Technology Laboratory, under the U.S. Department of
   Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We are grateful for reviews by Matthew Reagan and Dan Hawkes at the
   Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which substantially improved this
   paper. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil
   Energy, Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology, through the
   National Energy Technology Laboratory, under the U.S. Department of
   Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 27
TC 46
Z9 51
U1 2
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-4105
J9 J PETROL SCI ENG
JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 67
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 12
DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2009.02.013
PG 12
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 459TJ
UT WOS:000267132500001
ER

PT J
AU Meteyer, CU
   Buckles, EL
   Blehert, DS
   Hicks, AC
   Green, DE
   Shearn-Bochsler, V
   Thomas, NJ
   Gargas, A
   Behr, MJ
AF Meteyer, Carol Uphoff
   Buckles, Elizabeth L.
   Blehert, David S.
   Hicks, Alan C.
   Green, D. Earl
   Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie
   Thomas, Nancy J.
   Gargas, Andrea
   Behr, Melissa J.
TI Histopathologic criteria to confirm white-nose syndrome in bats
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Bats; emerging disease; fungus; Geomyces sp.; hibernation; Myotis; skin
   erosion
AB White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a cutaneous fungal disease of hibernating bats associated with a novel Geomyces sp. fungus. Currently, confirmation of WNS requires histopathologic examination. Invasion of living tissue distinguishes this fungal infection from those caused by conventional transmissible dermatophytes. Although fungal hyphae penetrate the connective tissue of glabrous skin and muzzle, there is typically no cellular inflammatory response in hibernating bats. Preferred tissue samples to diagnose this fungal infection are rostral muzzle with nose and wing membrane fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. To optimize detection, the muzzle is trimmed longitudinally, the wing membrane is rolled, and multiple cross-sections are embedded to increase the surface area examined. Periodic acid-Schiff stain is essential to discriminate the nonpigmented fungal hyphae and conidia. Fungal hyphae form cup-like epidermal erosions and ulcers in the wing membrane and pinna with involvement of underlying connective tissue. In addition, fungal hyphae are present in hair follicles and in sebaceous and apocrine glands of the muzzle with invasion of tissue surrounding adnexa. Fungal hyphae in tissues are branching and septate, but the diameter and shape of the hyphae may vary from parallel walls measuring 2 mu m in diameter to irregular walls measuring 3-5 mu m in diameter. When present on short aerial hyphae, curved conidia are approximately 2.5 mu m wide and 7.5 mu m in Curved length. Conidia, have a more deeply basophilic center, and one or both ends are usually blunt. Although WNS is a disease of hibernating bats, severe wing damage due to fungal hyphae may be seen in bats that have recently emerged from hibernation. These recently emerged bats also have a robust suppurative inflammatory response.
C1 [Meteyer, Carol Uphoff; Blehert, David S.; Green, D. Earl; Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie; Thomas, Nancy J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
   [Buckles, Elizabeth L.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
   [Hicks, Alan C.] New York Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA.
   [Behr, Melissa J.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Axelrod Inst, Albany, NY USA.
   [Gargas, Andrea] Symbiol LLC, Middleton, WI USA.
RP Meteyer, CU (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
EM cmeteyer@usgs.gov
RI Gargas, Andrea/T-1028-2016
OI Gargas, Andrea/0000-0002-6586-047X
NR 4
TC 111
Z9 114
U1 5
U2 69
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI TURLOCK
PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 21
IS 4
BP 411
EP 414
PG 4
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 470EQ
UT WOS:000267958200001
PM 19564488
ER

PT J
AU O'Brien, C
   van Riper, C
   Myers, DE
AF O'Brien, Chris
   van Riper, Charles, III
   Myers, Donald E.
TI MAKING RELIABLE DECISIONS IN THE STUDY OF WILDLIFE DISEASES: USING
   HYPOTHESIS TESTS, STATISTICAL POWER, AND OBSERVED EFFECTS
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Abundance; negative binomial; precautionary principle; prevalence;
   statistical analyses; statistical power; type I and type II error
ID PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE; AGGREGATION; PREVALENCE; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION;
   POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; SCIENCE; IMPACT
AB The increasing importance of wildlife diseases ill conservation efforts places ail additional importance oil research study design, data analysis, and interpretation. In this paper, we explore the design and analysis of wildlife disease data with regard to hypothesis testing, statistical power, sample sizes, the relative costs of type I versus type II errors, and effect size. To illustrate these ideas, we conducted a literature review of the Journal of Wildlife Diseases (JWD), ran computer simulations that estimate type II error rates for statistical techniques commonly used in JWD, and previously published data oil disease prevalence. Many studies published in JWD used chi-squared analysis oil prevalence data, but only 19% reported estimates of the observed effect size. Furthermore, 10% of studies had pooled sample sizes <= 40, and many had potentially high costs of type II relative to type I errors. Our computer simulations suggest that many articles published in JWD lack sufficient statistical power, and this, coupled with our findings that many studies often ignore high costs of, type II errors. argues for increased attention to statistical power. Finally, our data reanalysis shows how the presentation of observed effect sizes could allow a better assessment of the biologic significance of findings reported in JWD. We conclude with some general guidelines to assist wildlife disease researchers ill the design of future studies and the statistical analysis of their data.
C1 [O'Brien, Chris; van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [van Riper, Charles, III] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Myers, Donald E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP O'Brien, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, 1311 E 4th St,125 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM obrienc@email.arizona.edu
FU Point Reves Bird Observatory; Channel Islands National Park; US
   Geological Survey; University of Arizona
FX Paul Super generously shared the data used in Super and van Riper
   (1995); that research was supported by Point Reves Bird Observatory and
   Channel Islands National Park. Bob Steidl provided thoughtful
   discussion, and A. Flesch, S. M. Samuel, C. Jennelle, and ill anonymous
   reviewer provided comments to the manuscript, as did F. La Sorte, who
   also provided technical suggestions for the analysis. This study was
   supported financially by the US Geological Survey, and it was completed
   in partial fulfillment of a Ph.D in Wildlife and Fisheries Science at
   the University of Arizona by C.O.
NR 31
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 9
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 45
IS 3
BP 700
EP 712
PG 13
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 475JS
UT WOS:000268355200012
PM 19617480
ER

PT J
AU Rhyan, JC
   Aune, K
   Roffe, T
   Ewalt, D
   Hennager, S
   Gidlewski, T
   Olsen, S
   Clarke, R
AF Rhyan, Jack C.
   Aune, Keith
   Roffe, Thomas
   Ewalt, Darla
   Hennager, Steve
   Gidlewski, Tom
   Olsen, Steve
   Clarke, Ryan
TI PATHOGENESIS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN YELLOWSTONE BISON:
   SEROLOGIC AND CULTURE RESULTS FROM ADULT FEMALES AND THEIR PROGENY
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Bison bison; Bovidae; Brucella abortus; brucellosis; epidemiology;
   serology; Yellowstone National Park
ID NATIONAL-PARK; ABORTUS; INFECTION
AB Our objective in this prospective study was to determine the natural course of Brucella abortus; infection in cohorts of seropositive and seronegative, female bison (Bison bison) and their offspring in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) for 5 yr. We collected specimens from 53 adult females and 25 calves at least once and from 45 adults and 22 calves more than once. Annual seroconversion rates (negative to positive) were relatively high (23% for calves and juvenile bison, 6% in the total sample of adult female bison in our study, and 11% in the adult females that began the study as seronegatives). Antibody was not protective against infection, even for calves that passively received antibody from all infected mother's colostrum. Antibody levels staved remarkably constant, with only a slow decline over time. We found only two seroconversions from a weak positive status to negative. Infected bison aborted and shed viable bacteria. Risk of shedding infective Brucella was highest for bison ill the 2 yr following seroconversion from negative to positive. In one bison, we detected shedding for 3 yr following seroconversion. Regardless of serostatus of dams and neonates, most calves were seronegative by 5 mo of age. There was no relationship between the antibody status of the dam and the tendency of a calf to seroconvert to positive during the duration of the study.
C1 [Rhyan, Jack C.; Gidlewski, Tom] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
   [Aune, Keith] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Roffe, Thomas] US Dept Interior, Biol Resource Div, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Ewalt, Darla; Hennager, Steve] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   [Olsen, Steve] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   [Clarke, Ryan] Western Reg Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Belgrade, MT 59714 USA.
RP Rhyan, JC (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
EM jack.c.rhyan@aphis.usda.gov
NR 31
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 45
IS 3
BP 729
EP 739
PG 11
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 475JS
UT WOS:000268355200015
PM 19617483
ER

PT J
AU Jennelle, CS
   Samuel, MD
   Nolden, CA
   Berkley, EA
AF Jennelle, Christopher S.
   Samuel, Michael D.
   Nolden, Cherrie A.
   Berkley, Elizabeth A.
TI Deer Carcass Decomposition and Potential Scavenger Exposure to Chronic
   Wasting Disease
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE camera trap; carcass decomposition; chronic wasting disease; Odocoileus
   virginianus; prions; scavengers; transmissible spongiform
   encephalopathy; white-tailed deer; Wisconsin
ID TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; PRION
   PROTEIN; MULE DEER; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; AVIAN
   SCAVENGERS; AFRICAN WILDLIFE; SCRAPIE; SOIL
AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy afflicting the Cervidae family in North America, causing neurodegeneration and ultimately death. Although there are no reports of natural cross-species transmission of CWD to noncervids, infected deer carcasses pose a potential risk of CWD exposure for other animals. We placed 40 disease-free white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) carcasses and 10 gut piles in the CWD-affected area of Wisconsin (USA) from September to April in 2003 through 2005. We used photos from remotely operated cameras to characterize scavenger visitation and relative activity. To evaluate factors driving the rate of carcass removal (decomposition), we used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and a generalized linear mixed model. We recorded 14 species of scavenging mammals (6 visiting species) and 14 species of scavenging birds (8 visiting species). Prominent scavengers included American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana). We found no evidence that deer consumed conspecific remains, although they visited gut piles more often than carcasses relative to temporal availability in the environment. Domestic dogs, cats, and cows either scavenged or visited carcass sites, which could lead to human exposure to CWD. Deer carcasses persisted for 18 days to 101 days depending on the season and year, whereas gut piles lasted for 3 days. Habitat did not influence carcass decomposition, but mammalian and avian scavenger activity and higher temperatures were positively associated with faster removal. Infected deer carcasses or gut piles can serve as potential sources of CWD prions to a variety of scavengers. In areas where surveillance for CWD exposure is practical, management agencies should consider strategies for testing primary scavengers of deer carcass material. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 655-662; 2009)
C1 [Jennelle, Christopher S.; Nolden, Cherrie A.; Berkley, Elizabeth A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Jennelle, CS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jennelle@wisc.edu
NR 53
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 8
U2 45
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 5
BP 655
EP 662
DI 10.2193/2008-282
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 465VR
UT WOS:000267617300005
ER

PT J
AU Solvesky, BG
   Chambers, CL
AF Solvesky, Ben G.
   Chambers, Carol L.
TI Roosts of Allen's Lappet-Browed Bat in Northern Arizona
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Allen's lappet-browed bat; Arizona; bark; Idionycteris phyllotis;
   maternity roost; ponderosa pine; roost selection; snag
ID HABITAT SELECTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SITE SELECTION; ROCK CREVICES; PINE
   FORESTS; MYOTIS; REPRODUCTION; ECOLOGY; DENSITY; GROWTH
AB In Arizona, USA, Allen's lappet-browed bat (Idionycteris phyllotis) forms maternity colonies in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) snags. There is little information on the roosting habitat of males. We used radiotelemetry to locate 16 maternity, 3 postlactating, and 2 bachelor roosts and combined data with unpublished data for maternity roosts (n = 11) located in 1993-1995. Most (96%) maternity roosts were in large-diameter ((x) over bar +/- SE: 64 +/- 2.7 cm) ponderosa pine snags under sloughing bark. Models that best predicted the probability of a snag's use as a maternity roost indicated bats selected taller snags closer to forest roads than comparison snags. Maternity roosts averaged 11 bats per roost (SE = 2, n = 15; from exit counts) and were an average distance of 1.6 km from capture sites (SE = 0.3, n = 17). Bachelor roosts were in vertical sandstone cliff faces in pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus spp.) woodlands approximately 12 km from capture sites; these and other capture records in Arizona indicated sexual segregation may have occurred during the maternity season. Of 11 maternity snag roosts located in 1993-1995, only one continued to function as a roost. Resource managers should maintain patches of large-diameter ponderosa pine snags with peeling bark to provide maternity roosting habitat for Allen's lappet-browed bat. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 677-682; 2009)
C1 [Solvesky, Ben G.; Chambers, Carol L.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Solvesky, BG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA.
EM Carol.Chambers@nau.edu
FU Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage; Arizona Game and Fish State
   Wildlife
FX We thank the Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Fund and Arizona
   Game and Fish State Wildlife Grant Program for financial support of this
   project. We thank the Apache - Sitgreaves, Coconino, Gila, and Kaibab
   National Forests for allowing us access and supporting the project. N.
   Breece and E. Perry provided field assistance. We thank T. Theimer, M.
   J. Rabe, and C. Vojta for reviews of this manuscript and advice during
   the project. We thank 2 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that
   improved the final manuscript. J. Corbett, B. Noble, J. Lynn, and J.
   Crouse volunteered time and assistance. J. C. deVos, Jr., H. Green, C.
   R. Miller, T. E. Morrell, M. J. Rabe, M. Tuttle, and K. Yasuda provided
   their data for our use.
NR 43
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 12
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 5
BP 677
EP 682
DI 10.2193/2008-333
PG 6
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 465VR
UT WOS:000267617300008
ER

PT J
AU Davis, BE
   Afton, AD
   Cox, RR
AF Davis, Bruce E.
   Afton, Alan D.
   Cox, Robert R., Jr.
TI Habitat Use by Female Mallards in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Anas platyrhynchos; Arkansas; compositional analysis; forested wetland;
   hunting; Louisiana; mallard; Mississippi Alluvial Valley;
   radiotelemetry; winter
ID NORTHERN PINTAILS; WINTER; DUCKS; WATERFOWL; CYCLE
AB Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) populations in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV), USA, historically averaged 1.6 million and represented the largest concentrations of wintering mallards in North America. Effective management of this wintering population requires current information on use of habitats. Accordingly, we employed radiotelemetry techniques to assess proportional use of habitats by female mallards during winters 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. We divided winters into 4 time periods defined by hunting seasons (FIRST, SPLIT, SECOND, and POST) and recorded diurnal and nocturnal locations. We examined variations in proportional use of habitats and use of areas closed to hunting due to effects of age (immature or ad), winter (2004-2005 or 2005-2006), time period (SECOND or POST), individual female, and all potential interactions of these effects, using locations recorded during the latter 2 time periods. We found that diurnal and nocturnal proportional use of habitats varied inconsistently among time periods and winters. Mean proportional use of forested wetlands ranged from 0.475 to 0.816 and from 0.428 to 0.764 during diurnal and nocturnal sampling periods, respectively. Diurnal proportional use of areas closed to hunting varied inconsistently among time periods and winters. Mean proportional use of areas closed to hunting ranged from 0.183 to 0.423 during diurnal sampling periods. Nocturnal use of areas closed to hunting varied inconsistently among female ages and time periods and among female ages and winters. Mean proportional use of areas closed to hunting ranged from 0.211 to 0.445 during nocturnal sampling periods. Our research suggests that forested wetlands in the LMAV provide important wintering habitats for female mallards; continued restoration and establishment of these habitats should benefit female mallards. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 701-709; 2009)
C1 [Davis, Bruce E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   [Cox, Robert R., Jr.] RC Store, Ipswich, SD 57451 USA.
RP Davis, BE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM bdavi29@lsu.edu
FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Ducks Unlimited, Inc;
   United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Geological Survey
   (USGS); Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Cente
FX We appreciate the financial and logistical support provided by Louisiana
   Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Ducks Unlimited, Inc., United
   States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Geological Survey (USGS)
   - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, and the School of Renewable
   Natural Resources, Agricultural Center, Graduate School and USGS -
   Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Louisiana State
   University. We thank C. Booth, M. Chouinard, C. Coates, S. Durham, D.
   Ellerman, J. Ferguson, P. Finley, G. Gooding, A. Hammond, J. Hanks, R.
   Helm, J. Johnson, L. Lewis, M. Lyons, K. McCarter, T. Michot, T.
   Moorman, A. Nygren, C. Odom, K. Ouchley, and B. Strader for all their
   support of our project. R. Kaminski, T. Moorman, K. Reinecke, J.
   Sedinger, M. Szymanski, and one anonymous referee provided valuable
   editorial commentary on the manuscript. We especially thank our field
   technicians, J. Bolenbaugh, J. Denton, J. Rainbolt, A. Richardson, A.
   Sommerville, T. Watts, and E. Winters for their hard work under
   difficult field conditions.
NR 45
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 13
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 5
BP 701
EP 709
DI 10.2193/2008-118
PG 9
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 465VR
UT WOS:000267617300012
ER

PT J
AU Zimmerman, GS
   Moser, TJ
   Kendall, WL
   Doherty, PF
   White, GC
   Caswell, DF
AF Zimmerman, Guthrie S.
   Moser, Timothy J.
   Kendall, William L.
   Doherty, Paul F., Jr.
   White, Gary C.
   Caswell, Dale F.
TI Factors Influencing Reporting and Harvest Probabilities in North
   American Geese
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE band recovery; cackling geese; Canada geese; harvest probability;
   reporting probability; reward bands; Ross's geese; snow geese
ID CANADA GEESE; REWARD BAND; RATES; MALLARDS; BAY
AB We assessed variation in reporting probabilities of standard bands among species, populations, harvest locations, and size classes of North American geese to enable estimation of unbiased harvest probabilities. We included reward (US $10, $20, $30, $50, or $100) and control ($0) banded geese from 16 recognized goose populations of 4 species: Canada (Branta canadensis), cackling (B. hutchinsii), Ross's (Chen rossii), and snow geese (C. caerulescens). We incorporated spatially explicit direct recoveries and live recaptures into a multinomial model to estimate reporting, harvest, and band-retention probabilities. We compared various models for estimating harvest probabilities at country (United States vs. Canada), flyway (5 administrative regions), and harvest area (i.e., flyways divided into northern and southern sections) scales. Mean reporting probability of standard bands was 0.73 (95% CI 0.69-0.77). Point estimates of reporting probabilities for goose populations or spatial units varied from 0.52 to 0.93, but confidence intervals for individual estimates overlapped and model selection indicated that models with species, population, or spatial effects were less parsimonious than those without these effects. Our estimates were similar to recently reported estimates for mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). We provide current harvest probability estimates for these populations using our direct measures of reporting probability, improving the accuracy of previous estimates obtained from recovery probabilities alone. Goose managers and researchers throughout North America can use our reporting probabilities to correct recovery probabilities estimated from standard banding operations for deriving spatially explicit harvest probabilities. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 710-719; 2009)
C1 [Zimmerman, Guthrie S.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Moser, Timothy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA.
   [Kendall, William L.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
   [Doherty, Paul F., Jr.; White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Caswell, Dale F.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Winnipeg, MB R3C 4W2, Canada.
RP Zimmerman, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
EM Guthrie_Zimmerman@fws.gov
NR 24
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 16
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 5
BP 710
EP 719
DI 10.2193/2008-145
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 465VR
UT WOS:000267617300013
ER

PT J
AU Schmidt, JH
   Lindberg, MS
   Johnson, DS
   Conant, B
   King, J
AF Schmidt, Joshua H.
   Lindberg, Mark S.
   Johnson, Devin S.
   Conant, Bruce
   King, James
TI Evidence of Alaskan Trumpeter Swan Population Growth Using Bayesian
   Hierarchical Models
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian methods; climate change; Cygnus buccinator; missing data;
   population trend; survey data
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CERULEAN WARBLERS; COUNT DATA; BIRDS; ABUNDANCE;
   HABITATS; TRENDS
AB Alaska (USA) contains a large proportion of the breeding population of trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) in the United States. However, tracking population trends in Alaska trumpeter swans is complicated by variables such as an increase in survey effort over time, periodic surveys (1968 and every 5 yr after 1975), and missing data. We therefore constructed Bayesian hierarchical negative binomial models to account for nuisance variables and to estimate population size of trumpeter swans using aerial survey data from all known breeding habitats in Alaska, 1968-2005. We also performed an augmented analysis, where we entered zeroes for missing data. This approach differed from the standard (nonaugmented) analysis where we generated estimates for missing data through simulation. We estimated that adult swan populations in Alaska increased at an average rate of 5.9% annually (95% credibility interval = 5.2-6.6%) and cygnet production increased at 5.3% annually (95% credibility interval = 2.2-8.0%). We also found evidence that cygnet production exhibited higher rates of increase at higher latitudes in later years, which may be a response to warmer spring temperatures. Augmented analyses always produced higher swan population estimates than the nonaugmented estimates and likely overestimate true population abundance. Our results provide evidence that trumpeter swan populations are increasing in Alaska, especially at northern latitudes. Changes in population size and distribution could negatively affect tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) breeding in Alaska, and biologists should monitor these interactions. We recommend using nonaugmented Bayesian hierarchical analyses to estimate wildlife populations when missing survey data occur. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 720-727; 2009)
C1 [Schmidt, Joshua H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Schmidt, Joshua H.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Conant, Bruce; King, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
EM Joshua_Schmidt@nps.gov
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service division of Migratory Birds
   Management; Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of
   Conservation; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Biology and
   Wildlife; Institute of Arctic Biology
FX We thank J. Schmutz and D. Verbyla for helpful comments on previous
   versions of this manuscript. Funds were provided by the United States
   Fish and Wildlife Service division of Migratory Birds Management, as
   were all issues concerning data collection and maintenance. Support for
   the first author was provided by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
   Division of Conservation, State Wildlife Grant, and the University of
   Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Biology and Wildlife and the Institute
   of Arctic Biology. We would also like to thank the many pilots and
   observers who collected these data over the years. Three anonymous
   referees also provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of our
   manuscript.
NR 41
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 13
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 5
BP 720
EP 727
DI 10.2193/2008-262
PG 8
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 465VR
UT WOS:000267617300014
ER

PT J
AU Wiewel, AS
   Adams, AAY
   Rodda, GH
AF Wiewel, Andrew S.
   Adams, Amy A. Yackel
   Rodda, Gordon H.
TI Evaluating Abundance Estimate Precision and the Assumptions of a
   Count-Based Index for Small Mammals
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE abundance estimation; capture per unit effort (CPUE); index;
   live-trapping; mark-recapture; Program MARK; removal; snap-trapping
ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; NEW-ZEALAND FOREST; MICE MUS-MUSCULUS;
   POPULATION-SIZE; BASICS RIGHT; SHIP RATS; RATTUS; TRAPS; DENSITY; FIELD
AB Conservation and management of small mammals requires reliable knowledge of population size. We investigated precision of mark-recapture and removal abundance estimates generated from live-trapping and snap-trapping data collected at sites on Guam (n = 7), Rota (n = 4), Saipan (n = 5), and Tinian (n = 3), in the Mariana Islands. We also evaluated a common index, captures per unit effort (CPUE), as a predictor of abundance. In addition, we evaluated cost and time associated with implementing live-trapping and snap-trapping and compared species-specific capture rates of selected live-and snap-traps. For all species, mark-recapture estimates were consistently more precise than removal estimates based on coefficients of variation and 95% confidence intervals. The predictive utility of CPUE was poor but improved with increasing sampling duration. Nonetheless, modeling of sampling data revealed that underlying assumptions critical to application of an index of abundance, such as constant capture probability across space, time, and individuals, were not met. Although snap-trapping was cheaper and faster than live-trapping, the time difference was negligible when site preparation time was considered. Rattus diardii spp. captures were greatest in Haguruma live-traps (Standard Trading Co., Honolulu, HI) and Victor snap-traps (Woodstream Corporation, Lititz, PA), whereas Suncus murinus and Mus musculus captures were greatest in Sherman live-traps (H. B. Sherman Traps, Inc., Tallahassee, FL) and Museum Special snap-traps (Woodstream Corporation). Although snap-trapping and CPUE may have utility after validation against more rigorous methods, validation should occur across the full range of study conditions. Resources required for this level of validation would likely be better allocated towards implementing rigorous and robust methods. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 761-771; 2009)
C1 [Wiewel, Andrew S.; Adams, Amy A. Yackel] Arctic Slope Reg Corp Management Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   [Rodda, Gordon H.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Wiewel, AS (reprint author), Arctic Slope Reg Corp Management Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM yackela@usgs.gov
FU United States Department of Interior
FX Funding for this research was provided by the United States Department
   of Interior, Office of Insular Affairs. We are indebted to numerous
   individuals who assisted with site preparation and small-mammal
   sampling, including R. Bischof, V. Boyarski, I. Chellman, M. Christy, J.
   Farley, E. Fidler, G. George, A. Hambrick, T. Hinkle, P. Reynolds, S.
   Siers, J. Stanford, A. Tuggle, and J. Willey. Logistical support was
   provided by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Division of
   Fish and Wildlife (A. Castro, N. Hawley, L. Williams, and R. Ulloa),
   Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources (P. Wenninger), United
   States Air Force (D. Lujan), Wildlife Services (C. Clark), United States
   Navy (A. Brooke, S. Vogt, and R. Wescom), and United States Fish and
   Wildlife Service (C. Bandy, G. Deutscher, and C. Kessler). A. Ellingson
   assisted with sampling design and methodology and S. Converse provided
   helpful guidance during data analysis. We thank B. M. Lardner, R. N.
   Reed, and T. R. Stanley for comments on this manuscript. Any use of
   trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does
   not imply endorsement by the United States Government.
NR 47
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-541X
EI 1937-2817
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 5
BP 761
EP 771
DI 10.2193/2008-180
PG 11
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 465VR
UT WOS:000267617300019
ER

PT J
AU Gallant, AL
AF Gallant, Alisa L.
TI What You Should Know About Land-Cover Data
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE data quality; data resolution; digital map; land-cover data; map errors;
   map purpose; satellite data
ID UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC ACCURACY; HABITAT USE; LANDSCAPES; IMAGERY;
   MODELS; MAPS; GIS; USA
AB Wildlife biologists are using land-characteristics data sets for a variety of applications. Many kinds of landscape variables have been characterized and the resultant data sets or maps are readily accessible. Often, too little consideration is given to the accuracy or traits of these data sets, most likely because biologists do not know how such data are compiled and rendered, or the potential pitfalls that can be encountered when applying these data. To increase understanding of the nature of land-characteristics data sets, I introduce aspects of source information and data-handling methodology that include the following: ambiguity of land characteristics; temporal considerations and the dynamic nature of the landscape; type of source data versus landscape features of interest; data resolution, scale, and geographic extent; data entry and positional problems; rare landscape features; and interpreter variation. I also include guidance for determining the quality of land-characteristics data sets through metadata or published documentation, visual clues, and independent information. The quality or suitability of the data sets for wildlife applications may be improved with thematic or spatial generalization, avoidance of transitional areas on maps, and merging of multiple data sources. Knowledge of the underlying challenges in compiling such data sets will help wildlife biologists to better assess the strengths and limitations and determine how best to use these data. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 796 805; 2009)
C1 US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Gallant, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM gallant@usgs.gov
NR 51
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 5
BP 796
EP 805
DI 10.2193/2007-509
PG 10
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 465VR
UT WOS:000267617300023
ER

PT J
AU Bender, LC
   Weisenberger, ME
AF Bender, Louis C.
   Weisenberger, Mara E.
TI Criticisms Biologically Unwarranted and Analytically Irrelevant: Reply
   to Rominger et al.
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE desert bighorn sheep; modeling; Ovis canadensis mexicanus; population
   dynamics; precipitation
ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DESERT
AB The criticisms of Rominger et al. (2008) of our retrospective analysis of desert bighorn sheep (DBS; Ovis canadensis mexicana) dynamics in the San Andres Mountains of south-central New Mexico, USA, contained many biological errors and analytical oversights. Herein, we show that Rominger et al. (2008) 1) overstated both magnitude and potential effect of predator removal; 2) incorrectly claimed that our total precipitation (TP) model did not fit the data when TP correctly classed >= 66% of subsequent population increases and declines (P <= 0.063); 3) presented a necessary prerequisite of the exponential model (serial correlation between N(t) and N(t+1)) as the key relationship in the DBS data, when it merely reflected that DBS are strongly K-selected and was irrelevant to our hypothesis tests specific to factors affecting the instantaneous rate of population increase (r); 4) greatly oversimplified relationships among precipitation, and environments, and DBS; and 5) advocated a time for collection of lamb/female (L/F) ratio data that was unrelated to any meaningful period in the biological year of DBS and consequently presented L/F ratio data unrelated to observed dynamics of DBS. In contrast, the L/F ratios used in Bender and Weisenberger (2005) correctly predicted annual changes and were correlated with long-term population rates of change. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(5): 806-810; 2009)
C1 [Bender, Louis C.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
   [Weisenberger, Mara E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88004 USA.
RP Bender, LC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
EM lbender@nmsu.edu
FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the New Mexico State
   University Agricultural Experiment Station
FX We thank R. Baldwin, J. Boren, J. Heffelfinger, B. Hoenes, and O.
   Rosas-Rosas for reviewing this material. Funding was provided by the
   United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the New Mexico State
   University Agricultural Experiment Station.
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILDLIFE SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA
SN 0022-541X
J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE
JI J. Wildl. Manage.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 73
IS 5
BP 806
EP 810
DI 10.2193/2008-219
PG 5
WC Ecology; Zoology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology
GA 465VR
UT WOS:000267617300024
ER

PT J
AU Opdam, P
   Luque, S
   Jones, KB
AF Opdam, Paul
   Luque, Sandra
   Jones, K. Bruce
TI Changing landscapes to accommodate for climate change impacts: a call
   for landscape ecology
SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Climate change; Research challenges; Landscape patterns; Climate
   adaptation
ID LAND-USE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; FACE
AB Predictions of climate change suggest major changes in temperature, rainfall as well as in frequency and timing of extreme weather, all in varying degrees and patterns around the world. Although the details of these patterns changes are still uncertain, we can be sure of profound effects on ecological processes in and functioning of landscapes. The impact of climate change will affect all types of land use, ecosystem services, as well as the behavior of humans. The core business of Landscape Ecology is the interaction of landscape patterns and processes. Most of these interactions will be affected by changing climate patterns, so clearly within the focus of our science. Nevertheless, climate change received little attention from landscape ecologists. Are we missing the boat? Why is it that our science does not contribute to building a knowledge base to help solving this immense problem? Why is there so little attention paid to adaptation of landscape to climate change? With this editorial article IALE would like to receive inputs from the Landscape Ecology scientific community in related research on adaptation of landscapes to climate change, on tools or approaches to help landscape planners and stakeholders to this new challenge where landscape ecology can play a key role.
C1 [Opdam, Paul] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Land Use Planning Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
   [Luque, Sandra] Inst Agr & Environm Engn Res, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France.
   [Jones, K. Bruce] US Geol Serv, Reston, VA USA.
RP Opdam, P (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Land Use Planning Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
EM paul.opdam@wur.nl; Sandra.luque@cemagref.fr; kbjones@usgs.gov
NR 29
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 35
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-2973
J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL
JI Landsc. Ecol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 6
BP 715
EP 721
DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9377-1
PG 7
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 473YJ
UT WOS:000268248100001
ER

PT J
AU Helz, RT
AF Helz, Rosalind Tuthill
TI Processes active in mafic magma chambers: The example of Kilauea Iki
   Lava Lake, Hawaii
SO LITHOS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union
CY 2007
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Geophys Union
DE Processes in magma chambers; Crystallization of basalt; Melt density
   variations; Convection; Bouyant melt; Lava lakes
ID DIFFERENTIATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; CONVECTION; DENSITY; MELT; CRYSTALS;
   ERUPTION; BASALTS; SILL
AB Kilauea Iki lava lake formed in 1959 as a closed chamber of 40 million m(3) of picritic magma. Repeated drilling and sampling of the lake allows recognition of processes of magmatic differentiation, and places time restrictions on the periods when they operated. This paper focuses on evidence for the occurrence of lateral convection in the olivine-depleted layer, and constraints on the timing of this process, as documented by chemical, petrographic and thermal data on drill core from the lake.
   Lateral convection appears to have occurred in two distinct layers within the most olivine-poor part of the lake, created a slightly olivine-enriched septum in the center of the olivine-depleted section. A critical marker for this process is the occurrence of loose clusters of augite microphenocrysts, which are confined to the upper half of the olivine-poor zone. This process, which took place between late 1962 and mid-1964, is inferred to be double-diffusive convection.
   Both this convection and a process of buoyant upwelling of minimum-density liquid from deep within the lake (Helz, R.T., Kirschenbaum H. and Marinenko, J.W., 1989. Diapiric melt transfer: a quick, efficient process of igneous differentiation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, 578-594) result from the fact that melt density in Kilauea Iki compositions decreases as olivine and augite crystallize, above the incoming of plagioclase. The resulting density vs. depth profile creates (1) a region of gravitationally stable melt at the top of the chamber (the locus of double-diffusive convection) and (2) a region of gravitationally unstable melt at the base of the melt column (the source of upwelling minimum-density melt, Helz, R-T., Kirschenbaum H. and Marinenko, J.W., 1989. Diapiric melt transfer: a quick, efficient process of igneous differentiation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, 578-594). By contrast the variation of melt density with temperature for the 1965 Makaopuhi lava lake does not show a decrease in density as temperature decreases, so neither process should have occurred in that lava lake. Because many mafic magmas crystallize significant olivine and/or pyroxene before they begin to crystallize plagioclase, the density relations observed for Kilauea Iki, and the processes that result from them, may be relevant to crystallization in other mafic magma chambers. The results for the 1965 Makaopuhi lava lake emphasize the role of bulk composition as a critical control on magmatic processes. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Helz, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM rhelz@usgs.gov
NR 43
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0024-4937
J9 LITHOS
JI Lithos
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 111
IS 1-2
BP 37
EP 46
DI 10.1016/j.lithos.2008.11.007
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 464TT
UT WOS:000267530800005
ER

PT J
AU Mizroch, SA
   Rice, DW
   Zwiefelhofer, D
   Waite, J
   Perryman, WL
AF Mizroch, Sally A.
   Rice, Dale W.
   Zwiefelhofer, Denny
   Waite, Janice
   Perryman, Wayne L.
TI Distribution and movements of fin whales in the North Pacific Ocean
SO MAMMAL REVIEW
LA English
DT Review
DE Balaenoptera physalus; discovery mark; migratory; resident; whaling
ID COMMERCIAL WHALING RECORDS; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; BALEEN WHALES;
   MEDITERRANEAN SEA; CALIFORNIA WATERS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BERING SEA;
   ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; ALASKA
AB We summarize fin whale Balaenoptera physalus catch statistics, sighting data, mark recoveries and acoustics data. The annual cycle of most populations of fin whales had been thought to entail regular migrations between high-latitude summer feeding grounds and lower-latitude winter grounds. Here we present evidence of more complex and varied movement patterns.
   During summer, fin whales range from the Chukchi Sea south to 35 degrees N on the Sanriku coast of Honshu, to the Subarctic Boundary (ca. 42 degrees N) in the western and central Pacific, and to 32 degrees N off the coast of California. Catches show concentrations in seven areas which we refer to as 'grounds', representing productive feeding areas.
   During winter months, whales have been documented over a wide area from 60 degrees N south to 23 degrees N. Coastal whalers took them regularly in all winter months around Korea and Japan and they have been seen regularly in winter off southern California and northern Baja California. There are also numerous fin whale sightings and acoustic detections north of 40 degrees N during winter months. Calves are born during the winter, but there is little evidence for distinct calving areas.
   Whales implanted with Discovery-type marks were killed in whaling operations, and location data from 198 marked whales demonstrate local site fidelity, consistent movements within and between the main summer grounds and long migrations from low-latitude winter grounds to high-latitude summer grounds.
   The distributional data agree with immunogenetic and marking findings which suggest that the migratory population segregates into at least two demes with separate winter mating grounds: a western ground off the coast of Asia and an eastern one off the American coast. Members of the two demes probably mingle in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands area.
   Prior research had suggested that there were at least two non-migratory stocks of fin whale: one in the East China Sea and another in the Gulf of California. There is equivocal evidence for the existence of additional non-migratory groups in the Sanriku-Hokkaido area off Japan and possibly the northern Sea of Japan, but this is based on small sample sizes.
C1 [Mizroch, Sally A.; Rice, Dale W.; Waite, Janice] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
   [Zwiefelhofer, Denny] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
   [Perryman, Wayne L.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Mizroch, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM sally.mizroch@noaa.gov
RI Mizroch, Sally/M-6084-2016
OI Mizroch, Sally/0000-0002-1736-5909
NR 120
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0305-1838
J9 MAMMAL REV
JI Mammal Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 39
IS 3
BP 193
EP 227
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2009.00147.x
PG 35
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 498YC
UT WOS:000270181000004
ER

PT J
AU Lowers, HA
AF Lowers, H. A.
TI A Multifaceted Approach to Particle Analysis
SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Lowers, HA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1431-9276
J9 MICROSC MICROANAL
JI Microsc. microanal.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 15
SU 2
BP 510
EP 511
DI 10.1017/S1431927609099188
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy
SC Materials Science; Microscopy
GA V20CW
UT WOS:000208119100253
ER

PT J
AU Koenig, AE
AF Koenig, A. E.
TI Transitioning Laser Ablation ICP-MS from Research Applications to
   Routine Trace Element Microanalysis: A Look at Quantitative Trace
   Element Analyses and Imaging
SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US Geol Survey, Laser Ablat ICP MS Facil, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Koenig, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Laser Ablat ICP MS Facil, Denver Fed Ctr, MS973, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1431-9276
J9 MICROSC MICROANAL
JI Microsc. microanal.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 15
SU 2
BP 536
EP 537
DI 10.1017/S1431927609095282
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy
SC Materials Science; Microscopy
GA V20CW
UT WOS:000208119100266
ER

PT J
AU Munguia-Vega, A
   Pelz-Serrano, K
   Goode, M
   Culver, M
AF Munguia-Vega, A.
   Pelz-Serrano, K.
   Goode, M.
   Culver, M.
TI Eleven new microsatellite loci for the tiger rattlesnake (Crotalus
   tigris)
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE microsatellites; rattlesnake; urban development; Viperidae
AB Eleven microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library from the tiger rattlesnake Crotalus tigris. Average observed heterozygosities in two populations were 0.456 and 0.427, respectively, and mean number of alleles were 7.54 (range 2-14) and 4.72 (range 2-13) respectively. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found across pairs of loci. The markers will be used in a long-term study examining the potential effects of urbanization on population dynamics and connectivity of this species in the mountain ranges surrounding Tucson, Arizona.
C1 [Munguia-Vega, A.; Pelz-Serrano, K.; Goode, M.; Culver, M.] Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Munguia-Vega, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Conservat Genet Lab, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit USGS, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM airdrian@email.arizona.edu
FU CONACYT [158622]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge Tony Dee, Neha Gosalia, Varda
   Datar, Ivan Borbon and Demetre Sirakis who have provided technical
   assistance for this project. We are especially grateful to the following
   individuals who took it upon themselves to spend a great deal of time in
   the field in an effort to increase sample sizes from specific sites
   within key mountain ranges: Paul Condon, Phil Healy, Larry Jones, Russ
   Solsky, Roger Repp, Nate Gwinn, Jess Gwinn and the late Danny Brower. We
   would also like to thank Larry Norris of the National Park Service for
   providing funding for much of the work. AMV received financial support
   from CONACYT (scholarship 158622).
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1755-098X
J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR
JI Mol. Ecol. Resour.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 9
IS 4
BP 1267
EP 1270
DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02661.x
PG 4
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA 473XM
UT WOS:000268245500054
PM 21564898
ER

PT J
AU Lynch, RL
   Chen, HJ
   Brandt, LA
   Mazzotti, FJ
AF Lynch, Ryan L.
   Chen, Hongjun
   Brandt, Laura A.
   Mazzotti, Frank J.
TI Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum) Invasion in Hurricane
   Caused Treefalls
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE ARM Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge; hurricane damage; Lygodium
   microphyllum; Old World climbing fern; treefall
ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; FLORIDA; DISTURBANCE; REGENERATION;
   VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; BIOLOGY; ISLANDS; FORESTS; PLANTS
AB We examined effects of a natural disturbance (hurricanes) on potential invasion of tree islands by an exotic plant (Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum) in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida. Three major hurricanes in 2004 and 2005 caused varying degrees of impacts to trees on tree islands within the Refuge. Physical impacts of hurricanes were hypothesized to promote invasion and growth of L. microphyllum. We compared presence and density of L. microphyllum in plots of disturbed soil created by hurricane-caused treefalls to randomly selected non-disturbed plots on 12 tree islands. We also examined relationships between disturbed area size, canopy cover, and presence of standing water on presence and density of L. microphyllum. Lygodium microphyllum was present in significantly more treefall plots than random non-treefall plots (76% of the treefall plots (N = 55) and only 14% of random non-treefall plots (N = 55)). Density of L. microphyllum was higher in treefall plots compared to random non-disturbed plots (6.0 sterns per m(2) for treefall plots: 0.5 stems per m(2) for random non-disturbed plots), and L. microphyllum density was correlated with disturbed area size (P = 0.005). Lygodium microphyllum presence in treefall sites was significantly related to canopy cover and presence of water: it was present in five times more treefalls with water than those without. These results suggest that disturbances, such as hurricanes, that result in canopy openings and the creation of disturbed areas with standing water contribute to the ability of L. microphyllum to invade natural areas.
C1 [Lynch, Ryan L.; Chen, Hongjun; Mazzotti, Frank J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA.
   [Brandt, Laura A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Davie, FL 33314 USA.
RP Lynch, RL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA.
EM ryan.l.lynch@gmail.com
FU Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (South Florida and Caribbean)
   agreement between U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; A.R.M. Loxahatchee
   National Wildlife Refuge; University of Florida
FX We are grateful to Wellington Guzman and Mike Rochford for assistance in
   data collection and the staff at Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National
   Wildlife Refuge for their logistical support. We thank Danielle Ogurcak,
   Mark Barrett, and Carol Morgenstem for their comments on this
   manuscript. This research was funded through a Cooperative Ecosystems
   Studies Unit (South Florida and Caribbean) agreement between U.S. Fish
   and Wildlife Service, A.R.M. Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, and
   the University of Florida.
NR 35
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 5
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 3
BP 210
EP 215
DI 10.3375/043.029.0302
PG 6
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 485KL
UT WOS:000269119700002
ER

PT J
AU Darst, CR
   Huffman, KA
   Jarvis, J
AF Darst, Catherine R.
   Huffman, Katelyn A.
   Jarvis, Jeff
TI Conservation Significance of America's Newest System of Protected Areas:
   National Landscape Conservation System
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE biodiversity; conservation; endangered species; public lands;
   species-area relationship
ID UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; GAP ANALYSIS
AB Using a dataset of special status animal species aggregated from NatureServe (2006), we assessed the conservation significance of the newest U.S. network of protected areas, the BLM-administered National Landscape Conservation System (NLCS) composed of similar to 11 million hectares of specially designated conservation areas. We examined the number of special status animal species that occur within the NLCS as compared to the number that would be predicted by area alone, occurrences within the NLCS as compared to other BLM lands, and the conservation implications of these species-area relationships. Our analyses suggest that the NLCS plays a significant role in the conservation of special status species and the natural ecosystems on which they depend.
C1 [Jarvis, Jeff] Natl Landscape Conservat Syst, Bur Land Management, Washington, DC 20240 USA.
   [Darst, Catherine R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Desert Tortoise Recovery Off, Ventura, CA 93003 USA.
   [Huffman, Katelyn A.] Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Lexington, VA 24450 USA.
RP Jarvis, J (reprint author), Natl Landscape Conservat Syst, Bur Land Management, Washington, DC 20240 USA.
EM jeff_jarvis@blm.gov
FU Geological Society of America\; NatureServe and its Natural Heritage
   member programs
FX The authors thank Elena Daly, Dave Hunsaker, and the Geological Society
   of America for project support, NatureServe and its Natural Heritage
   member programs (www.natureserve.org,), and Lauren Pidot, Dominick
   DellaSala, Santiago Ron, Philip Darst, Denise Ryan, Marietta Eaton,
   Peter Griffin, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the
   manuscript.
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 3
BP 224
EP 254
DI 10.3375/043.029.0304
PG 31
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 485KL
UT WOS:000269119700004
ER

PT J
AU Carlson, ML
   Kowalski, KP
   Wilcox, DA
AF Carlson, Martha L.
   Kowalski, Kurt P.
   Wilcox, Douglas A.
TI Promoting Species Establishment in a Phragmites-dominated Great Lakes
   Coastal Wetland
SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE control; diversity; invasive plants; Phragmites australis; wetlands
ID WATER-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; AUSTRALIS COMMON REED; SPLIT-PLOT; SEEDLING
   GROWTH; PLANT DOMINANCE; TIDAL WETLANDS; INVASIVE GRASS; NORTH-AMERICA;
   SEDGE MEADOW; DYNAMICS
AB This study examined efforts to promote species establishment and maintain diversity in a Phragmites-dominated wetland where primary control measures were underway, A treatment experiment was performed at Crane Creek, a drowned-river-mouth wetland in Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge along the shore of western Lake Erie. Following initial aerial spraying of Phragmites With glyphosate, this study tested combinations Of cutting. raking, and additional hand spraying of Phragmites with glyphosate as methods to promote growth of other wetland species and increase plant diversity. Percent-cover vegetation data were collected in permanent plots before and after treatments. and follow-up sampling was performed the following year. Increased species richness, species emergence, and relative dominance of non-Phragmites taxa were used as measures of treatment success. We also examined treatment effects on Phragmites cover. Dimensionality of seedbank and soil properties was reduced Using principal component analysis. With the exception of nitrogen, Soil nutrients affected species establishment, non-Phragmites taxa dominance, and Phragmites cover. A more viable seedbank led to greater species emergence. Treatments had differential effects on diversity depending oil elevation and resulting degree of hydrologic inundation. Whereas raking to remove dead Phragmites biomass was central to promoting species establishment in dry areas. spraying had a greater impact ill continually inundated areas. For treatment success across elevations into the year following treatments. spraying in combination with cutting and raking had the greatest effect. The results Of this study suggest that secondary treatments can produce a short-term benefit to the plant community ill areas treated for Phragmites.
C1 [Carlson, Martha L.; Kowalski, Kurt P.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
   [Wilcox, Douglas A.] SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Environm Sci & Biol, Brockport, NY 14420 USA.
RP Carlson, ML (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM macarlson@usgs.gov
OI Kowalski, Kurt/0000-0002-8424-4701
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Flexible Funds
FX This research was funded by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Flexible
   Funds. The collaboration between ONWR and USGS staff was integral to the
   success of this project. We especially thank Doug Brewer, Ron Huffman,
   and Kathy Huffman at ONWR, as well as Jaquie Craig and David Merkey, for
   their assistance in conducting the treatments. We also thank Jean Adams
   for statistical assistance and Jim Meeker, Noel Pavlovic, and anonymous
   reviewers for their valuable comments.
NR 82
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 6
U2 34
PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC
PI ROCKFORD
PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA
SN 0885-8608
J9 NAT AREA J
JI Nat. Areas J.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 29
IS 3
BP 263
EP 280
DI 10.3375/043.029.0306
PG 18
WC Ecology; Forestry
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 485KL
UT WOS:000269119700006
ER

PT J
AU Lettenmaier, DP
   Milly, PCD
AF Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
   Milly, P. C. D.
TI Land waters and sea level
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
AB Changes in continental water stores, largely human-induced, affect sea level. Better hydrological models and observations could clarify the land's role in sea-level variations.
C1 [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Lettenmaier, DP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM dennisl@u.washington.edu
RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011
OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327
NR 15
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 2
U2 15
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 2
IS 7
BP 452
EP 454
DI 10.1038/ngeo567
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 497LS
UT WOS:000270061600004
ER

PT J
AU Saenger, C
   Cohen, AL
   Oppo, DW
   Halley, RB
   Carilli, JE
AF Saenger, Casey
   Cohen, Anne L.
   Oppo, Delia W.
   Halley, Robert B.
   Carilli, Jessica E.
TI Surface-temperature trends and variability in the low-latitude North
   Atlantic since 1552
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; PAST MILLENNIUM; CLIMATE SYSTEM; GROWTH;
   OSCILLATION; HEMISPHERE; CENTURIES; PORITES
AB Sea surface temperature variability in the North Atlantic Ocean recorded since about 1850 has been ascribed to a natural multi-decadal oscillation superimposed on a background warming trend(1-6). It has been suggested that the multidecadal variability may be a persistent feature(6-8), raising the possibility that the associated climate impacts may be predictable(9). However, our understanding of the multidecadal ocean variability before the instrumental record is based on interpretations of high-latitude terrestrial proxy records(7,8). Here we present an absolutely dated and annually resolved record of sea surface temperature from the Bahamas, based on a 440-year time series of coral growth rates. The reconstruction indicates that temperatures were as warm as today from about 1552 to 1570, then cooled by about 1 degrees C from 1650 to 1730 before warming until the present. Our estimates of background variability suggest that much of the warming since 1900 was driven by anthropogenic forcing. Interdecadal variability with a period of 15-25 years is superimposed on most of the record, but multidecadal variability becomes significant only after 1730. We conclude that the multidecadal variability in sea surface temperatures in the low-latitude western Atlantic Ocean may not be persistent, potentially making accurate decadal climate forecasts more difficult to achieve.
C1 [Saenger, Casey] MIT, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Saenger, Casey] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Cohen, Anne L.; Oppo, Delia W.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Halley, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Cedaredge, CO 81413 USA.
   [Carilli, Jessica E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Saenger, C (reprint author), MIT, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM csaenger@mit.edu
RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; 
OI Saenger, Casey/0000-0002-6345-1728
FU US National Science Foundation; WHOI's Ocean and Climate Change
   Institute; WHOI's Ocean Life Institute [USA-0002]; King Abdullah
   University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Inter-American Institute
   Global Change Research
FX We thank T. Crowley, P. Huybers, P. Chang, Y. Kwon, J. Woodruff, J. T.
   Farrar, N. Goodkin and G. Hegerl for discussion. We also thank D. Ketten
   and J. Arruda for CAT scan support and R. Petitt for initial growth
   measurements. This work was supported by the US National Science
   Foundation, WHOI's Ocean and Climate Change Institute, WHOI's Ocean Life
   Institute, award No. USA-0002, made by King Abdullah University of
   Science and Technology (KAUST), and the Inter-American Institute Global
   Change Research.
NR 30
TC 65
Z9 68
U1 4
U2 25
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 2
IS 7
BP 492
EP 495
DI 10.1038/ngeo552
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 497LS
UT WOS:000270061600018
ER

PT J
AU Bigelow, JP
   Rauw, WM
   Gomez-Raya, L
AF Bigelow, John P.
   Rauw, Wendy M.
   Gomez-Raya, Luis
TI Observations Concerning Reproductive Temperature Requirements of Captive
   Lahontan Cutthroat Trout
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; EGG QUALITY; RESPONSIVENESS;
   OVULATION
AB The effects of holding temperature during late oocyte development and spawning on the timing of ovulation, fecundity, and egg survival in female Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi in three postovulatory regimes were investigated. The timing of ovulation was for females held at 7.2 degrees C and 12.4 degrees C from 2.5 to 6.0 months before the time of ovulation until spawning. Mean fecundity was higher for females held at 7.2 degrees C. Mean egg eye-up, hatch, and swim-up rates were also higher for females held at 7.2 degrees C. Eggs collected 1. 4, and 7 d postovulation exhibited similar survival rates within females regardless of holding temperature.
C1 [Bigelow, John P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA.
   [Rauw, Wendy M.; Gomez-Raya, Luis] Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Bigelow, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lahontan Natl Fish Hatchery Complex,1340 Financia, Reno, NV 89502 USA.
EM john.bigelow@fws.gov
RI Rauw, Wendy/G-7327-2015
OI Rauw, Wendy/0000-0002-2885-1961
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We thank Alvin Duncan, Sarah Bigelow, Giovanni Reyes, and Edward Kelly
   for their assistance with the study. Mary Peacock made many improvements
   to the manuscript. The research was Supported by the U.S. Fish and
   Wildlife Service. The findings and conclusions in this report are those
   of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of file U.S.
   Fish and Wildlife Service. Reference to trade names does not imply
   endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 71
IS 3
BP 252
EP 255
DI 10.1577/A08-064.1
PG 4
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477FP
UT WOS:000268504400010
ER

PT J
AU Kotarba, MJ
   Curtis, JB
   Lewan, MD
AF Kotarba, M. J.
   Curtis, J. B.
   Lewan, M. D.
TI Comparison of natural gases accumulated in Oligocene strata with hydrous
   pyrolysis gases from Menilite Shales of the Polish Outer Carpathians
SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITION-METAL CATALYSIS; OPEN-SYSTEM PYROLYSIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE;
   PETROLEUM FORMATION; SOURCE ROCKS; GENERATION KINETICS; FLYSCH
   CARPATHIANS; ISOTOPE RATIOS; ORGANIC FACIES; WATER
AB This study examined the molecular and isotopic compositions of gases generated from different kerogen types (i.e., Types I/II, II, IIS and III) in Menilite Shales by sequential hydrous pyrolysis experiments. The experiments were designed to simulate gas generation from source rocks at pre-oil-cracking thermal maturities. Initially, rock samples were heated in the presence of liquid water at 330 degrees C for 72 h to simulate early gas generation dominated by the overall reaction of kerogen decomposition to bitumen. Generated gas and oil were quantitatively collected at the completion of the experiments and the reactor with its rock and water was resealed and heated at 355 degrees C for 72 h. This condition simulates late petroleum generation in which the dominant overall reaction is bitumen decomposition to oil. This final heating equates to a cumulative thermal maturity of 1.6% R(r) which represents pre-oil-cracking conditions. In addition to the generated gases from these two experiments being characterized individually, they are also summed to characterize a cumulative gas product. These results are compared with natural gases produced from sandstone reservoirs within or directly overlying the Menilite Shales. The experimentally generated gases show no molecular compositions that are distinct for the different kerogen types, but on a total organic carbon (TOC) basis, oil prone kerogens (i.e., Types I/II, II and IIS) generate more hydrocarbon gas than gas prone Type III kerogen. Although the proportionality of methane to ethane in the experimental gases is lower than that observed in the natural gases, the proportionality of ethane to propane and i-butane to n-butane are similar to those observed for the natural gases. delta(13)C values of the experimentally generated methane, ethane and propane show distinctions among the kerogen types. This distinction is related to the delta(13)C of the original kerogen, with (13)C enriched kerogen generating more (13)C enriched hydrocarbon gases than kerogen less enriched in (13)C. The typically assumed linear trend for delta(13)C of methane, ethane and propane versus their reciprocal carbon number for a single sourced natural gas is not observed in the experimental gases. Instead, the so-called "dogleg" trend, exemplified by relatively (13)C depleted methane and enriched propane as compared to ethane, is observed for all the kerogen types and at both experimental conditions. Three of the natural gases from the same thrust unit had similar "dogleg" trends indicative of Menilite source rocks with Type III kerogen. These natural gases also contained varying amounts of a microbial gas component that was approximated using the Delta delta(13)C for methane and propane determined from the experiments. These approximations gave microbial methane components that ranged from 13-84%. The high input of microbial gas was reflected in the higher gas:oil ratios for Outer Carpathian production (115-1568 Nm(3)/t) compared with those determined from the experiments (65-302 Nm(3)/t). Two natural gas samples in the far western part of the study area had more linear trends that suggest a different organic facies of the Menilite Shales or a completely different source. This situation emphasizes the importance of conducting hydrous pyrolysis on samples representing the complete stratigraphic and lateral extent of potential source rocks in determining specific genetic gas correlations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd.
   All righs reserved.
C1 [Kotarba, M. J.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Geol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland.
   [Curtis, J. B.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Lewan, M. D.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Kotarba, MJ (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Geol, Al Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland.
EM kotarba@uci.agh.edu.pl
NR 84
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 31
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0146-6380
J9 ORG GEOCHEM
JI Org. Geochem.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 40
IS 7
BP 769
EP 783
DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.04.007
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 465ZT
UT WOS:000267630500003
ER

PT J
AU Yasuhara, M
   Okahashi, H
   Cronin, TM
AF Yasuhara, Moriaki
   Okahashi, Hisayo
   Cronin, Thomas M.
TI TAXONOMY OF QUATERNARY DEEP-SEA OSTRACODS FROM THE WESTERN NORTH
   ATLANTIC OCEAN
SO PALAEONTOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Deep-sea Ostracoda; Pleistocene; Holocene; North Atlantic; taxonomy
ID SANTOS BASIN; BATHYAL OSTRACODES; LATE PLEISTOCENE; CLIMATE CHANGES;
   LAPTEV SEA; HOLOCENE; VARIABILITY; ASSEMBLAGES; CRUSTACEA; TEMPERATURE
AB Late Quaternary sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1055B, Carolina Slope, western North Atlantic (32 degrees 47.041' N, 76 degrees 17.179' W; 1798 m water depth) were examined for deep-sea ostracod taxonomy. A total of 13 933 specimens were picked from 207 samples and c. 120 species were identified. Among them, 87 species were included and illustrated in this paper. Twenty-eight new species are described. The new species are: Ambocythere sturgio, Argilloecia abba, Argilloecia caju, Argilloecia keigwini, Argilloecia robinwhatleyi, Aversovalva carolinensis, Bythoceratina willemvandenboldi, Bythocythere eugeneschornikovi, Chejudocythere tenuis, Cytheropteron aielloi, Cytheropteron demenocali, Cytheropteron didieae, Cytheropteron richarddinglei, Cytheropteron fugu, Cytheropteron guerneti, Cytheropteron richardbensoni, Eucytherura hazeli, Eucytherura mayressi, Eucytherura namericana, Eucytherura spinicorona, Posacythere hunti, Paracytherois bondi, Pedicythere atroposopetasi, Pedicythere kennettopetasi, Pedicythere klothopetasi, Pedicythere lachesisopetasi, Ruggieriella mcmanusi and Xestoleberis oppoae. Taxonomic revisions of several common species were made to reduce taxonomic uncertainty in the literature. This study provides a robust taxonomic baseline for application to palaeoceanographical reconstruction and biodiversity analyses in the deep and intermediate-depth environments of the North Atlantic Ocean.
C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Okahashi, Hisayo] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
   [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com; yasuharah@si.edu; tcronin@usgs.gov
RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008
OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863
FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
FX We thank the staff of the U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Earth Surface
   Processes Team and the Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of
   Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, especially Carlita Sanford,
   for their support throughout this project. We thank Peter B. deMenocal
   for kindly loaning us ODP core samples, Scott Whittaker for help in SEM
   imaging, Giuseppe Aiello for taxonomic input, and Mark Florence for help
   in depositing type and figured specimens. Gene Hunt and John Repetski
   deserve special thanks for valuable comments and discussion. This paper
   benefited from reviews by Michael A. Ayress and anonymous referee and
   editing by Paul Smith, David Batten, and Svend Stouge. This research
   used samples provided by the Ocean Drilling Program. The Ocean Drilling
   Program is sponsored by the National Science Foundation and
   participating countries under the management of Joint Oceanographic
   Institutions. This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion
   of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad and Smithsonian
   Postdoctoral Fellowship (to M.Y.).
NR 134
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0031-0239
EI 1475-4983
J9 PALAEONTOLOGY
JI Paleontology
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 52
BP 879
EP 931
DI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00888.x
PN 4
PG 53
WC Paleontology
SC Paleontology
GA 471MC
UT WOS:000268060800013
ER

PT J
AU French, H
   Demitroff, M
   Newell, WL
AF French, Hugh
   Demitroff, Mark
   Newell, Wayne L.
TI Past Permafrost on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Eastern United States
SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE past permafrost; Late Pleistocene; fragipan; frozen ground; deep
   seasonal frost
ID BARRENS LATITUDE 39-DEGREES-N; LATE-PLEISTOCENE PERMAFROST; NEW-JERSEY;
   USA; SIBERIA; CLIMATE
AB Sand-wedge casts, soil wedges and other non-diastrophic, post-depositional sedimentary structures suggest that Late-Pleistocene permafrost and deep seasonal frost on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain extended at least as far south as southern Delaware, the Eastern Shore and southern Maryland. Heterogeneous cold-climate slope deposits mantle lower valley-side slopes in central Maryland. A widespread pre-existing fragipan is congruent with the inferred palaeo-permafrost table. The high bulk density of the fragipan was probably enhanced by either thaw consolidation when icy permafrost degraded at the active layer-permafrost interface or by liquefaction and compaction when deep seasonal frost thawed. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [French, Hugh] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
   [French, Hugh] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
   [French, Hugh; Demitroff, Mark] Univ Delaware, Permafrost Grp, Dept Geog, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
   [Newell, Wayne L.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Earth Surfaces Proc Team, Reston, VA USA.
RP French, H (reprint author), 10945 Marti Lane, N Saanich, BC V8L 5S5, Canada.
EM hmfrench@shaw.ca
FU National Cooperative Geological Mapping Program; U.S. Geological Survey;
   Volunteer for Science Program
FX Fieldwork in eastern Maryland and northern Virginia in 2007 was
   supported by the National Cooperative Geological Mapping Program, U.S.
   Geological Survey, through the Volunteer for Science Program. Fieldwork
   in New Jersey and Delaware in 2002, 2004 and 2005 was supported by the
   Great Egg Harbor Watershed Association through the U.S. National Park
   Service Wild and Scenic Rivers Program. Larry Fykes, Ronald Gronwald and
   Phillip King, USDA-NRCS; John Burton, Delaware Department of
   Transportation; Jim Wright, Maryland State Highway Administration; Bruce
   Kelly, Wicomico County Roads Department; and Jim Leatherbarrow, Somerset
   County Roads Department, facilitated access to field sites on the
   Delmarva Peninsula. Keith Underwood, Underwood Associates; Jim Brewer,
   Susan Davis, Jim Newcomb and Bruce Young, USDA-NRCS; and Kent Mountford
   provided similar assistance in central Maryland as did Rebecca Jones,
   USDA-NRCS, in Virginia. The cooperation of numerous pit owners (David
   Horsey, Mitchell Bonneville, James Hobbs, Paul Ewing, Brian Russell) and
   on-site geologists (Ben Wilkinson, Tim Higbee) is much appreciated,
   especially where, in several instances, they authorised earth-moving
   equipment to create exposures. Figure 1 was drafted by O. Heggen,
   Department of Geography, University of Victoria, in support of the
   position of the senior author as Adjunct Professor of Geography.
   Comments by K. Kincare and M. Pavich (USGS) and by two anonymous
   referees are appreciated by adoption.
NR 34
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1045-6740
EI 1099-1530
J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC
JI Permafrost Periglacial Process.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2009
VL 20
IS 3
BP 285
EP 294
DI 10.1002/ppp.659
PG 10
WC Geography, Physical; Geology
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 496HD
UT WOS:000269959700004
ER

PT J
AU Mullen, R
AF Mullen, Roy
TI Memorial Address Rupert Barron Southard, Jr.
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 [Mullen, Roy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Mullen, Roy] USGS Headquarters, Natl Mapping Div, Reston, VA USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 75
IS 7
BP 780
EP 782
PG 3
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
   Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 476SN
UT WOS:000268465100005
ER

PT J
AU Mountrakis, G
   Watts, R
   Luo, LR
   Wang, JD
AF Mountrakis, Giorgos
   Watts, Raymond
   Luo, Lori
   Wang, Jida
TI Developing Collaborative Classifiers using an Expert-based Model
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; SYNERGISTIC USE;
   UNCERTAINTY; IMPERVIOUSNESS; RECOGNITION; IMAGERY; ROADS; MAPS
AB This paper presents a hierarchical, multi-stage adaptive strategy for image classification. We iteratively apply various classification methods (e.g., decision trees, neural networks), identify regions of parametric and geographic space where accuracy is low, and in these regions, test and apply alternate methods repeating the process until the entire image is classified. Currently, classifiers are evaluated through human input using an expert-based system; therefore, this paper acts as the proof of concept for collaborative classifiers. Because we decompose the problem into smaller, more manageable sub-tasks, our classification exhibits increased flexibility compared to existing methods since classification methods are tailored to the idiosyncrasies of specific regions. A major benefit of our approach is its scalability and collaborative support. since selected low-accuracy classifiers can be easily replaced with others without affecting classification accuracy in high accuracy areas. At each stage, we develop spatially explicit accuracy metrics that provide straightforward assessment of results by non-experts and point to areas that need algorithmic improvement or ancillary data. Our approach is demonstrated in the task of detecting impervious surface areas, an important indicator for human-induced alterations to the environment, using a 2001 Landsat scene from Las Vegas, Nevada.
C1 [Mountrakis, Giorgos; Luo, Lori; Wang, Jida] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm Resources & Forest Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
   [Watts, Raymond] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Mountrakis, G (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm Resources & Forest Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
EM gmountrakis@esf.edu
FU U.S. Geological Survey; National Academies of Science; NSF [0648393]
FX At the early stage, this research was supported by the U.S. Geological
   Survey through a National Academies of Science Postdoctoral Award for
   Dr. Mountrakis. Further support was provided by NSF Award No. 0648393,
   NASA's New Investigator Program, and the Syracuse Center of Excellence
   CARTI Program. We would like to thank Colin Homer and George Man from
   the USGS for sharing their training datasets.
NR 46
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 75
IS 7
BP 831
EP 843
PG 13
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
   Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 476SN
UT WOS:000268465100009
ER

PT J
AU Basilevsky, AT
   Neukum, G
   Werner, SC
   Dumke, A
   van Gasselt, S
   Kneissl, T
   Zuschneid, W
   Rommel, D
   Wendt, L
   Chapman, M
   Head, JW
   Greeley, R
AF Basilevsky, Alexander T.
   Neukum, Gerhard
   Werner, Stephanie C.
   Dumke, Alexander
   van Gasselt, Stephan
   Kneissl, Thomas
   Zuschneid, Wilhelm
   Rommel, Daniela
   Wendt, Lorenz
   Chapman, Mary
   Head, James W.
   Greeley, Ronald
TI Episodes of floods in Mangala Valles, Mars, from the analysis of HRSC,
   MOC and THEMIS images
SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT European Mars Science and Exploration Conference
CY NOV 12-16, 2007
CL ESA European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS
HO ESA European Space Res & Technol Ctr
DE Mars; Mangala Valles; Fluvial processes; Crater counts; Age estimates
ID WRINKLE RIDGES; CRATERING RATE; EVOLUTION; WATER; RIVER; CHRONOLOGY;
   HISTORY; CHANNEL
AB The Mangala Valles is a 900-km long outflow channel system in the highlands adjacent to the southeastern flank of the Tharsis bulge. This work was intended to answer the following two questions unresolved in previous studies: (1) Was there only one source of water (Mangala Fossa at the valley head which is one of the Medusae Fossae troughs or graben) or were other sources also involved in the valley-carving water supply, and (2) Was there only one episode of flooding (maybe with phases) or were there several episodes significantly separated in time. The geologic analysis of HRSC image 0286 and mapping supported by analysis of MOC and THEMIS images show that Mangala Valles was carved by water released from several sources. The major source was Mangala Fossa, which probably formed in response to magmatic dike intrusion. The graben cracked the cryosphere and permitted the release of groundwater held under hydrostatic pressure. This major source was augmented by a few smaller-scale sources at localities in (1) two mapped heads of magmatic dikes, (2) heads of two clusters of sinuous channels, and (3) probably several large knob terrain locals. The analysis of results of crater counts at more than 60 localities showed that the first episode of formation of Mangala Valles occurred similar to 3.5 Ga ago and was followed by three more episodes, one occurred similar to 1 Ga ago, another one similar to 0.5 Ga ago, and the last one similar to 0.2 Ga ago. East of the mapped area there are extended and thick lava flows whose source may be the eastern continuation of the Mangala source graben. Crater counts in 10 localities on these lava flows correlate with those taken on the Mangala valley elements supporting the idea that the valley head graben was caused by dike intrusions. Our observations suggest that the waning stage of the latest flooding episode (similar to 0.2 Ga ago) led to the formation at the valley head of meander-like features sharing some characteristics with meanders of terrestrial rivers. If this analogy is correct this could suggest a short episode of global warming in Late Amazonian time. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Basilevsky, Alexander T.; Neukum, Gerhard] Vernadsky Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia.
   [Basilevsky, Alexander T.; Werner, Stephanie C.; Dumke, Alexander; van Gasselt, Stephan; Kneissl, Thomas; Zuschneid, Wilhelm; Rommel, Daniela; Wendt, Lorenz] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci, D-1000 Berlin, Germany.
   [Chapman, Mary] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
   [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
   [Greeley, Ronald] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA.
RP Basilevsky, AT (reprint author), Vernadsky Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Kosygin Str 19, Moscow 119991, Russia.
EM Alexander_Basilevsky@Brown.edu
RI Werner, Stephanie/A-6438-2012; van Gasselt, Stephan/L-9762-2013; 
OI Werner, Stephanie/0000-0001-5704-0909; van Gasselt,
   Stephan/0000-0003-2130-6343; Dumke, Alexander/0000-0002-2709-3169
NR 66
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0032-0633
J9 PLANET SPACE SCI
JI Planet Space Sci.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 57
IS 8-9
BP 917
EP 943
DI 10.1016/j.pss.2008.07.023
PG 27
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 477QM
UT WOS:000268533600003
ER

PT J
AU Fornwalt, PJ
   Kaufmann, MR
   Huckaby, LS
   Stohlgren, TJ
AF Fornwalt, Paula J.
   Kaufmann, Merrill R.
   Huckaby, Laurie S.
   Stohlgren, Thomas J.
TI Effects of past logging and grazing on understory plant communities in a
   montane Colorado forest
SO PLANT ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Community composition; Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson; Multivariate analyses;
   Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco; Riparian areas; Species richness
ID PINE/DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS
AB Throughout Pinus ponderosa-Pseudotsuga menziesii forests of the southern Colorado Front Range, USA, intense logging and domestic grazing began at the time of Euro-American settlement in the late 1800s and continued until the early 1900s. We investigated the long-term impacts of these settlement-era activities on understory plant communities by comparing understory composition at a historically logged and grazed site to that of an environmentally similar site which was protected from past use. We found that species richness and cover within functional groups rarely differed between sites in either upland or riparian areas. Multivariate analyses revealed little difference in species composition between sites on uplands, though compositional differences were apparent in riparian zones. Our findings suggest that settlement-era logging and grazing have had only minor long-term impacts on understories of upland Front Range P. ponderosa-P. menziesii forests, though they have had a greater long-term influence on riparian understories, where these activities were likely the most intense.
C1 [Fornwalt, Paula J.; Kaufmann, Merrill R.; Huckaby, Laurie S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
   [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Fornwalt, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM pfornwalt@fs.fed.us
NR 32
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-0237
EI 1573-5052
J9 PLANT ECOL
JI Plant Ecol.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 203
IS 1
BP 99
EP 109
DI 10.1007/s11258-008-9513-z
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 451EY
UT WOS:000266454700009
ER

PT J
AU Veneziano, D
   Agarwal, A
   Karaca, E
AF Veneziano, Daniele
   Agarwal, Anna
   Karaca, Erdem
TI Decision making with epistemic uncertainty under safety constraints: An
   application to seismic design
SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Seismic design; Aleatory uncertainty; Epistemic uncertainty; Acceptable
   safety; Life-cycle cost; Markov processes
ID CONDITION-BASED MAINTENANCE; PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE; HAZARD
AB The problem of accounting for epistemic uncertainty in risk management decisions is conceptually straightforward, but is riddled with practical difficulties. Simple approximations are often used whereby future variations in epistemic uncertainty are ignored or worst-case scenarios are postulated. These strategies tend to produce sub-optimal decisions. We develop a general framework based on Bayesian decision theory and exemplify it for the case of seismic design of buildings. When temporal fluctuations of the epistemic uncertainties and regulatory safety constraints are included, the optimal level of seismic protection exceeds the normative level at the time of construction. Optimal Bayesian decisions do not depend on the aleatory or epistemic nature of the uncertainties, but only on the total (epistemic plus aleatory) uncertainty and how that total uncertainty varies randomly during the lifetime of the project. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Veneziano, Daniele; Agarwal, Anna] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Karaca, Erdem] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Veneziano, D (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM venezian@mit.edu
FU USGS Mendenhall Fellowship Program
FX The first two authors are thankful to the East Japan Railway Company for
   supporting this study under the "Earthquake Risk Project", and
   specifically to Makoto Shimamura and Keiichi Yamamura for useful
   discussions. The third author acknowledges the support of the USGS
   Mendenhall Fellowship Program. Spirited early discussions with Ove
   Ditlevsen, to whom this paper is dedicated, are fondly acknowledged.
NR 28
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0266-8920
J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH
JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 24
IS 3
BP 426
EP 437
DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2008.12.004
PG 12
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability
SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics
GA 442CT
UT WOS:000265818100017
ER

PT J
AU Walter, WD
   Leslie, DM
AF Walter, W. D.
   Leslie, D. M., Jr.
TI Stable isotope ratio analysis to differentiate temporal diets of a
   free-ranging herbivore
SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON ISOTOPES; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC
   ECOLOGY; ANIMAL-TISSUES; BREATH CO2; FRACTIONATION; TURNOVER;
   DELTA-N-15; ABUNDANCE
AB Stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA) of carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) in tissue samples of herbivores can identify photosynthetic pathways (C(3) vs. C(4)) of plants consumed. We present results from free-ranging Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) that highlight the ability to differentiate diets using tissue delta(13)C and delta(15)N. The signatures of delta(13)C and delta(15)N differed in tissues of varying metabolic activity: muscle, a short-term dietary indicator (i.e., 1-2 months) and hoof, a long-term dietary indicator (i.e., 3-12 months). We also documented that delta(13)C and delta(15)N values along elk hooves (proximal, middle, distal sections) elucidated temporal shifts in dietary selection. The carbon isotopes of the composite hoof were similar to those of the middle section, but the composite hoof differed in delta(13)C from the distal and proximal sections. The delta(13)C and delta(15)N signatures also differed among elk populations, indicating temporal dietary shifts of individuals occupying disparate native range and human-derived agricultural landscapes. Analyses of stable isotopes in various tissues highlighted carbon and nitrogen assimilation through time and differences in the foraging ecology of a rangeland herbivore. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Leslie, D. M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
   [Walter, W. D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
   [Leslie, D. M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
RP Walter, WD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery,201 JVK Wagar Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM WDavid.Walter@colostate.edu
FU Federal Aid; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Oklahoma
   State University; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; Oklahoma Cooperative
   Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; United States Geological Survey; United
   States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute
FX Contract/grant sponsor: Federal Aid, Pittman-Robertson Wildlife
   Restoration Act under Project W-148-R of the Oklahoma Department of
   Wildlife Conservation and Oklahoma State University with additional
   contribution from the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, Nature Works, and
   BancFirst administered through the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and
   Wildlife Research Unit (Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation,
   Oklahoma State University, United States Geological Survey, United
   States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Management Institute
   cooperating).
NR 42
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 11
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0951-4198
J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP
JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 14
BP 2190
EP 2194
DI 10.1002/rcm.4135
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 470TM
UT WOS:000268003400010
PM 19530151
ER

PT J
AU Oprea, R
   Friedman, D
   Anderson, ST
AF Oprea, Ryan
   Friedman, Daniel
   Anderson, Steven T.
TI Learning to Wait: A Laboratory Investigation
SO REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTION; VALUATION
AB Human subjects decide when to sink a fixed cost C to seize an irreversible investment opportunity whose value V is governed by Brownian motion. The optimal policy is to invest when V first crosses a threshold V* = (1 + w*)C, where the wait option premium w* depends on drift, volatility, and expiration hazard parameters. Subjects in the Low w* treatment on average invest at values quite close to optimum. Subjects in the two Medium and the High w* treatments invested at values below optimum, but with the predicted ordering, and values approached the optimum by the last block of 20 periods.
C1 [Anderson, Steven T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA.
NR 24
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0034-6527
J9 REV ECON STUD
JI Rev. Econ. Stud.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 76
IS 3
BP 1103
EP 1124
PG 22
WC Economics
SC Business & Economics
GA 458AI
UT WOS:000266981300010
ER

PT J
AU Remshardt, WJ
   Fisher, WL
AF Remshardt, W. Jason
   Fisher, William L.
TI EFFECTS OF VARIATION IN STREAMFLOW AND CHANNEL STRUCTURE ON SMALLMOUTH
   BASS HABITAT IN AN ALLUVIAL STREAM
SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE physical habitat modelling; PHABSIM; habitat suitability criteria;
   discharge; fish; rivers; GIS
ID INCREMENTAL METHODOLOGY; SUITABILITY CRITERIA; MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEU;
   RIVERS
AB We evaluated the effects of streamflow-related changes in channel shape and morphology on the quality, quantity, availability and spatial distribution of young-of-year and adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu habitat in an alluvial stream, the Baron Fork of the Illinois River, Oklahoma. We developed Habitat Suitability Criteria (HSC) for young-of-year and adult smallmouth Usable Area (WUA) with observed WUA measured the following year. Following flood events between 1999 and 2000, including a record flood, changes in transect cross-sectional area ranged from 62.5% to 93.5% and channel mesohabitat overlap ranged from 29.5% to 67.0% in study three study reaches. Using Physical HABitat SIMulation (PHABSIM) system analysis, we found that both young-of-year and adult smallmouth bass habitat were differentially affected by intra- and inter-annual streamflow fluctuations. Maximum WUA for young-of-year and adults occurred at streamflows of 1.8 and 2.3 m(3) s(-1), respectively, and WUA declined sharply for both groups at lower streamflows. For most microhabitat variables, habitat availability was similar between years. Habitat suitability criteria developed in 1999 corresponded well with observed fish locations in 2000 for adult smallmouth bass but not for young-of-year fist. Our findings suggest that annual variation in habitat availability affects the predictive ability of habitat models for young-of-year smallmouth bass more than for adult smallmouth bass. Furthermore, our results showed that despite the dynamic nature of the gravel-dominated, alluvial Baron Fork. HSC for smallmouth bass were consistent and transferable between years. Published in 2008 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Fisher, William L.] Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
   [Remshardt, W. Jason] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
RP Fisher, WL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
EM wfisher@okstate.edu
FU Oklahoma Water Resources Board
FX We gratefully acknowledge W. Doyle, D. Fenner, Dr. C. Goad, M. Holmes,
   R. Hyler J. Long, T. Remshardt. C. Sager, M. Walsh, M. Willis, and
   personnel from Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for
   their assistance in various stages of this study. Dr. D. Dauwalter and
   Dr. D. Splinter provided many helpful comments that improved an earlier
   draft of the paper. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board provided funding
   for this project. Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
   is a cooperative program of Oklahoma State University. the Oklahoma
   Department of Wildlife Conservation. United States Geological Survey
   United States Fish and Wildlife Service. and Wildlife Management
   Institute.
NR 46
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 9
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1535-1459
J9 RIVER RES APPL
JI River Res. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 6
BP 661
EP 674
DI 10.1002/rra.1178
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 476DM
UT WOS:000268418000001
ER

PT J
AU Wright, SA
   Anderson, CR
   Voichick, N
AF Wright, Scott A.
   Anderson, Craig R.
   Voichick, Nicholas
TI A SIMPLIFIED WATER TEMPERATURE MODEL FOR THE COLORADO RIVER BELOW GLEN
   CANYON DAM
SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE water temperature; modelling; Colorado River; Glen Canyon Dam
ID GRAND-CANYON
AB Glen Canyon Dam, located on the Colorado River in northern Arizona, has affected the physical, biological and cultural resources of the river downstream in Grand Canyon. One of the impacts to the downstream physical environment that has important implications for the aquatic ecosystem is the transformation of the thermal regime from highly variable seasonally to relatively constant year-round. owing to hypolimnetic releases from the upstream reservoir, Lake Powell. Because of the perceived impacts oil the downstream aquatic ecosystem and native fish communities, the Glen C,Canyon Darn Adaptive Management Program hits considered modifications to flow releases and release temperatures designed to increase downstream temperatures. Here. we present I new model of monthly average water temperatures below Glen Canyon Dam designed for first-order, relatively simple evaluation Of various alternative darn operations. The model is based oil a simplified heat-exchange equation, and model parameters are estimated empirically. The model predicts monthly average temperatures at locations up to 421 km downstream from the darn with average absolute errors less than 0.5 degrees C for the dataset considered. The modelling approach used here may also prove useful for other systems, particularly below large dams where release temperatures are substantially Out of equilibrium with meteorological conditions. We also present some examples of how the model call be used to evaluate scenarios for the operation of Glen Canyon Darn. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.
C1 [Wright, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
   [Anderson, Craig R.; Voichick, Nicholas] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
RP Wright, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA.
EM sawright@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey's Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center
FX This Study Was Supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Grand Canyon
   Monitoring and Research Center as well as the Bureau of Reclamation's
   Upper Colorado Region Off-ice. The authors thank Theodore S. Melis for
   his guidance and Support during this Study.
NR 18
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 23
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1535-1459
J9 RIVER RES APPL
JI River Res. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 25
IS 6
BP 675
EP 686
DI 10.1002/rra.1179
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 476DM
UT WOS:000268418000002
ER

PT J
AU Bohlke, JK
   Michel, RL
AF Boehlke, John Karl
   Michel, Robert L.
TI Contrasting residence times and fluxes of water and sulfate in two small
   forested watersheds in Virginia, USA
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior
CY JUN 25-30, 2006
CL Univ Calf Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
HO Univ Calf Santa Cruz
DE Atmospheric deposition; Sulfate; Residence time; Environmental tracer;
   Ground-water dating; (3)H; (35)S; delta(34)S; delta(18)O; delta(2)H; CFC
ID STABLE SULFUR ISOTOPES; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES;
   ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS;
   REGIONAL TRENDS; WET DEPOSITION; MASS-BALANCE; DATING TOOLS
AB Watershed mass balances for solutes of atmospheric origin may be complicated by the residence times of water and solutes at various time scales. In two small forested headwater catchments in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia, USA. mean annual export rates of SO(4)(=) differ by a factor of 2, and seasonal variations in SOT concentrations in atmospheric deposition and stream water are out of phase. These features were investigated by comparing (3)H, (35)S, delta(34)S, delta(2)H, delta(18)O, delta(3)He, CFC-12, SF(6), and chemical analyses of open deposition, through fall, stream water, and spring water. The concentrations of SO(4)(=) and radioactive (35)S Were about twice as high in through fall as in open deposition, but the weighted Composite Values Of (35)S/S (11.1 and 12.1 x 10(-15)) and delta(34)S (+3.8 and +4.1 parts per thousand) were similar. In both streams (Shelter Run, Mill Run), (3)H concentrations and delta(34)S values during high flow were similar to those of modern deposition, delta(2)H and delta(18)O values exhibited damped seasonal variations. and (35)S/S ratios (0-3 x 10(-15)) were low throughout the year, indicating inter-seasonal to inter-annual storage and release of atmospheric SO(4)(=) in both watersheds. In the Mill Run watershed, (3)H concentrations in stream base flow (10-13 TU) were consistent with relatively young groundwater discharge, most delta(35)S values were approximately the same as the modern atmospheric deposition values, and the annual export rate of SO(4)(=) was equal to or slightly greater than the modern deposition rate. In the Shelter Run watershed, (3)H concentrations in stream base flow (1-3 TU) indicate that much of the discharging ground water had been deposited prior to the onset of atmospheric nuclear bomb testing in the 1950s, base flow delta(34)S values (+1.6 parts per thousand) were significantly lower than the modern deposition values, and the annual export rate of SO(4)(=) was less than the modern deposition rate. Concentrations of (3)H and (35)S in Shelter Run base flow. and of (3)H, (3)He, CFC-12, SF(6), and (35)S in a spring discharging to Shelter Run, all were consistent with a bimodal distribution of discharging ground-water ages with approximately 5-20% less than a few years old and 75-95% more than 40 years old. These results provide evidence for 3 important time-scales of SO(4)(=) transport through the watersheds: (1) short-term (weekly to monthly) storage and release of dry deposition in the forest canopy between precipitation events: (2) mid-term (seasonal to interannual) cycles in net storage in the near-surface environment, and (3) long-term (decadal to centennial) storage in deep ground water that appears to be related to relatively low SO(4)(=) concentrations in spring discharge that dominates Shelter Run base flow. It is possible that the relatively low concentrations and low delta(34)S values of SO(4)(=) in spring discharge and Shelter Run base flow may reflect those of atmospheric deposition before the middle of the 20th century.
   In addition to storage in soils and biota, variations in ground-water residence times at a wide range of time scales may have important effets on monitoring, modeling, and predicting watershed responses to changing atmospheric deposition in small watersheds. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Boehlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Michel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov; rlmichel@usgs.gov
NR 105
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD JUL 1
PY 2009
VL 407
IS 14
BP 4363
EP 4377
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.007
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 460PP
UT WOS:000267199900023
PM 19264348
ER

PT J
AU Schmitt, HH
AF Schmitt, Harrison H.
TI From the Moon to Mars
SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Schmitt, Harrison H.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Schmitt, Harrison H.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA.
   [Schmitt, Harrison H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
   [Schmitt, Harrison H.] NASA, Advisory Council, Washington, DC USA.
RP Schmitt, HH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU SCI AMERICAN INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0036-8733
J9 SCI AM
JI Sci.Am.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 301
IS 1
BP 36
EP 43
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 460PF
UT WOS:000267198900031
PM 19555022
ER

PT J
AU McNamara, DE
   Hutt, CR
   Gee, LS
   Benz, HM
   Buland, RP
AF McNamara, D. E.
   Hutt, C. R.
   Gee, L. S.
   Benz, H. M.
   Buland, R. P.
TI A Method to Establish Seismic Noise Baselines for Automated Station
   Assessment
SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
C1 [McNamara, D. E.] US Geol Survey, NEIC, ANSS, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
   [Hutt, C. R.; Gee, L. S.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP McNamara, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, NEIC, ANSS, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Stop 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
EM mcnamara@usgs.gov
RI GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012
FU IRIS; USGS NEIC
FX The authors would like to thank all network operators and staff who
   contribute data to the NEIC, ASL QC staff for a steady stream of ideas
   on improving QC techniques, and operational system support. The authors
   thank Richard Boaz for his programming and IRIS and the USGS NEIC for
   supporting PQLX software development. Maps were created using GMT
   mapping tools (Wessel and Smith 1991).
NR 17
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0895-0695
J9 SEISMOL RES LETT
JI Seismol. Res. Lett.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2009
VL 80
IS 4
BP 628
EP 637
DI 10.1785/gssrl.80.4.628
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 503FN
UT WOS:000270518900010
ER

PT J
AU Meador, MR
   Carlisle, DM
AF Meador, Micael R.
   Carlisle, Daren M.
TI Predictive Models for Fish Assemblages in Eastern US Streams:
   Implications for Assessing Biodiversity
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNA; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; RIVERS;
   ECOSYSTEMS; TOLERANCE; RICHNESS; QUALITY; SCALE
AB Management and conservation of aquatic systems require the ability to assess biological conditions and identify changes in biodiversity. Predictive models for fish assemblages were constructed to assess biological condition and changes in biodiversity for streams sampled in the eastern United States as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program. Separate predictive models were developed for northern and southern regions. Reference sites were designated using land cover and local professional judgment. Taxonomic completeness was quantified based on the ratio of the number of observed native fish species expected to occur to the number of expected native fish species. Models for both regions accurately predicted fish species composition at reference sites with relatively high precision and low bias. In general, species that occurred less frequently than expected (decreasers) tended to prefer riffle areas and larger substrates, such as gravel and cobble, whereas increaser species (occurring more frequently than expected) tended to prefer pools, backwater areas, and vegetated and sand substrates. In the north, the percentage of species identified as increasers and the percentage identified as decreasers were equal, whereas in the south nearly two-thirds of the species examined were identified as decreasers. Predictive models of fish species can provide a standardized indicator for consistent assessments of biological condition at varying spatial scales and critical information for an improved understanding of fish species that are potentially at risk of loss with changing water quality conditions.
C1 [Meador, Micael R.; Carlisle, Daren M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
EM mrmeador@usgs.gov
NR 62
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 4
BP 725
EP 740
DI 10.1577/T08-132.1
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EL
UT WOS:000268501300003
ER

PT J
AU Overman, NC
   Beauchamp, DA
   Berge, HB
   Mazur, MM
   McIntyre, JK
AF Overman, Nathanael C.
   Beauchamp, David A.
   Berge, Hans B.
   Mazur, Michael M.
   McIntyre, Jenifer K.
TI Differing Forage Fish Assemblages Influence Trophic Structure in
   Neighboring Urban Lakes
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; SMELT SPIRINCHUS THALEICHTHYS; SALMON
   ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; STABLE-ISOTOPE; LONGFIN
   SMELT; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; CUTTHROAT TROUT; CARBON ISOTOPES; WASHINGTON
AB Lakes Sammamish and Washington are two large, urban takes in close proximity to Seattle, Washington. The two lakes have similar assemblages of apex predators, but differences in lake size, species richness, and forage fish assemblages contribute to contrasting trophic relationships. We used stable isotope and diet analyses to assess lake-specific differences in the trophic structure of fish and invertebrates from these lakes. Estimates of delta(15)-N-based trophic elevation revealed that the food web in Lake Sammamish was truncated by approximately one complete trophic level relative to that of Lake Washington. The shorter food chain in Lake Sammamish reflected the absence of longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys and minimal consumption of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, emphasizing the importance of these species as primary forage fishes and trophic links between invertebrates and piscivores in Lake Washington. As two highly N-15-enriched and C-13-depleted energy sources, longfin smelt and threespine sticklebacks effectively stretched the isotopic endpoints of the Lake Washington food web by contributing to more pronounced ontogenetic shifts in isotope values for piscivores in Lake Washington than for those in Lake Sammamish.
C1 [Overman, Nathanael C.; Beauchamp, David A.; Berge, Hans B.; Mazur, Michael M.; McIntyre, Jenifer K.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Overman, NC (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 16018 Mill Creek Blvd, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA.
EM overmnco@dfw.wa.gov
FU King County Department Natural Resources and Parks; Washington
   Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey
FX Field and laboratory assistance was provided by S. E. Damm, K. A.
   Finkbeiner, M. L. Hammer, A. M. Lind, J. D. Mattila, R. Mattila, J. A.
   Payne, J. B. Robins, C. J. Sergeant, and S. Stragier. This work was
   funded by the King County Department Natural Resources and Parks,
   Division of Water and Land Resources (SWAMP Program), the Washington
   Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the U.S. Geological
   Survey. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Colorado Plateau
   Stable Isotope Laboratory, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff,
   Arizona. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is
   for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
   Government.
NR 46
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 4
BP 741
EP 755
DI 10.1577/T08-158.1
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EL
UT WOS:000268501300004
ER

PT J
AU Wood, J
   Budy, P
AF Wood, Jeremiah
   Budy, Phaedra
TI The Role of Environmental Factors in Determining Early Survival and
   Invasion Success of Exotic Brown Trout
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; TRUTTA-L;
   POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WATER VELOCITIES; BROOK TROUT; RIVER-BASIN; ANCHOR
   ICE; STREAM; REDDS
AB Due to significant threats to native species posed by normative fishes, it is important to understand how species life history strategies interact with environmental conditions to explain the outcome of normative fish invasions. Brown trout Salmo trutta are prolific invaders but often exhibit upstream distributional limits in streams of the intermountain western United States. We used redd counts, embryo survival experiments, and temperature modeling to identify limits to brown trout invasion. Brown trout spawned later than previously reported and established spawning areas in high-elevation stream reaches (1,983-nm elevation), where adult recruitment is typically very low. While embryo survival was lower in high-elevation, cooler-water areas, these harsh overwinter conditions did not necessarily preclude hatching success (>= 36%). However, model predictions based on winter temperature data indicate that during most years, brown trout fry probably would fail to emerge from the gravel before the onset of peak spring flooding in these high-elevation reaches, suggesting that high spring flows could limit invasion success. A better understanding of mechanistic limits to invasion success across multiple life stages is crucial to predicting the future expansion of exotic fish species.
C1 [Wood, Jeremiah; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci,Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci,Coll Nat Resources, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu
RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012
FU Utah Division of Wildlife Resources [F-47-R]; USGS
FX This research was funded by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources,
   Project XII, Sport Fisheries Research, Grant Number F-47-R, Segment 20,
   and the USGS. Thanks go to the U.S. Forest Service for providing
   equipment and assistance in the field. Brett Roper, David Tarboton, and
   Jack Schmidt provided crucial insight, ideas, and advice on earlier
   drafts of this manuscript. Special thanks go to Gary Thiede for
   technical advice and logistical oversight and to our field crews,
   laboratory technicians, and graduate students in the Fish Ecology
   Laboratory at Utah State University.
NR 63
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 13
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 4
BP 756
EP 767
DI 10.1577/T08-123.1
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EL
UT WOS:000268501300005
ER

PT J
AU Norman, JR
   Hagler, MM
   Freeman, MC
   Freeman, BJ
AF Norman, James R.
   Hagler, Megan M.
   Freeman, Mary C.
   Freeman, Byron J.
TI Application of a Multistate Model to Estimate Culvert Effects on
   Movement of Small Fishes
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID VISIBLE IMPLANT ELASTOMER; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; STREAM HABITAT; ROAD
   CROSSINGS; MARK-RECAPTURE; TAG RETENTION; BARRIERS; IMPACTS; TROUT;
   URBANIZATION
AB While it is widely acknowledged that culverted road-stream crossings may impede fish passage, effects of culverts on movement of nongame and small-bodied fishes have not been extensively studied and studies generally have not accounted for spatial variation in capture probabilities. We estimated probabilities for upstream and downstream movement of small (30-120 rum standard length) benthic and water column fishes across stream reaches with and without culverts at four road-stream crossings over a 4-6-week period. Movement and reach-specific capture probabilities were estimated using multistate capture-recapture models. Although none of the culverts were complete barriers to passage, only a bottomless-box culvert appeared to permit unrestricted upstream and downstream movements by benthic fishes based on model estimates of movement probabilities. At two box culverts that were perched above the water surface at base flow, observed movements were limited to water column fishes and to intervals when runoff from storm events raised water levels above the perched level. Only a single fish was observed to move through a partially embedded pipe culvert. Estimates for probabilities of movement over distances equal to at least the length of one culvert were low (e.g., generally <= 0.03, estimated for 1-2-week intervals) and had wide 95% confidence intervals as a consequence of few observed movements to nonadjacent reaches. Estimates of capture probabilities varied among reaches by a factor of 2 to over 10, illustrating the importance of accounting for spatially variable capture rates when estimating movement probabilities with capture-recapture data. Longer-term studies are needed to evaluate temporal variability in stream fish passage at culverts (e.g., in relation to streamflow variability) and to thereby better quantify the degree of population fragmentation caused by road-stream crossings with culverts.
C1 [Norman, James R.; Hagler, Megan M.; Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   [Freeman, Mary C.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   [Freeman, Byron J.] Univ Georgia, Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Norman, JR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM jrnorman@uga.edu
OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146
NR 46
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 29
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 4
BP 826
EP 838
DI 10.1577/T08-156.1
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EL
UT WOS:000268501300011
ER

PT J
AU Overton, AS
   Margraf, FJ
   May, EB
AF Overton, Anthony S.
   Margraf, F. Joseph
   May, Eric B.
TI Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Diet of Striped Bass in Chesapeake
   Bay
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN ALBEMARLE SOUND; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; MORONE-SAXATILIS;
   NORTH-CAROLINA; PREY; PREDATION; FISH; ECOSYSTEM; RECOVERY; BLUEFISH
AB We collected striped bass Morone saxatilis front 1998 to 2001 (n = 2,703) and compared the feeding patterns of four size-groups (small [150-300 mm total length], medium [301-500 mm], large [501-700 mm]), and extra large [>700 mm] among three general regions (upper, middle, and lower) in Chesapeake Bay. Invertebrates dominated the diet of small striped bass during spring in all regions, and by fall bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli became the dominant prey in the middle and lower regions. Pelagic schooling fishes were the primary prey for the larger size-groups. For medium striped bass, bay anchovy accounted for most of the prey eaten during spring and represented more than 50% of the diet by weight in summer in the upper and lower regions. Collectively, Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus and bay anchovy accounted for more than 60% of the diet by weight in the lower region. Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and Atlantic menhaden were the dominant prey for medium and large fish from summer through winter in the upper region. Blue crab Callinectes sapidus accounted for 45% of the diet by weight for large striped bass during the summer in the middle and lower regions of the bay. For extra-large striped bass. menhaden, along with bay anchovy and spot Leiostomus xanthurus, were the primary prey eaten throughout the year in all regions. Bay anchovy have become more important for extra-large fish, representing between 16.0% and 29.0% of the diet by weight during the spring and summer. This increase represents, a greater reliance by larger striped bass oil small pelagic prey. It also suggests a greater ecological connection between bay anchovy and striped bass production.
C1 [Overton, Anthony S.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, US Geol Survey, Marlyland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
   [Margraf, F. Joseph] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [May, Eric B.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Living Marine Resource Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
RP Overton, AS (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Howell Sci Complex, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
EM overtona@ecu.edu
NR 47
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 5
U2 16
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 4
BP 915
EP 926
DI 10.1577/T07-261.1
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EL
UT WOS:000268501300018
ER

PT J
AU Kappenman, KM
   Fraser, WC
   Toner, M
   Dean, J
   Webb, MAH
AF Kappenman, Kevin M.
   Fraser, William C.
   Toner, Matt
   Dean, Jan
   Webb, Molly A. H.
TI Effect of Temperature on Growth, Condition, and Survival of Juvenile
   Shovelnose Sturgeon
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID WHITE STURGEON; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; MISSOURI RIVER; GREEN STURGEON;
   SCAPHIRHYNCHUS-PLATORYNCHUS; LIFE-HISTORY; FEEDING RATE; FISHES;
   TOLERANCE; HARVEST
AB Water temperature plays a key role in determining the persistence of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus in the wild and is a primary factor affecting growth both in the hatchery and in natural waters. We exposed juvenile shovelnose sturgeon to temperatures from 8 degrees C to 30 degrees C for 87 it to determine the effect of temperature on growth, condition, feed efficiency, and survival. Growth occurred at temperatures from 12 degrees C to 30 degrees C; the optimal temperature predicted by regression analysis was 22.4 degrees C, and the minimum temperature needed for growth was greater than 10.0 degrees C. The maximum feed efficiency predicted by regression analysis was 24.5% at 21.7 degrees C, and condition factor was highest in the 18 degrees C treatment. Mortality was significantly higher in 28 degrees C and 30 degrees C than at lower temperatures but less than 10% across the thermal regimes tested and 0% at 14-18 degrees C. Mortality was observed at and below 12 degrees C, suggesting that extended periods of low temperature may deplete energy reserves and lead to higher mortality. Rearing juvenile shovelnose sturgeon at temperatures above 24 degrees C reduced the growth rate and feed efficiency and increased mortality. Temperatures in the range 18-20 degrees C appeared to maximize the combination of condition, growth, and feed efficiency while not increasing thermal stress. This study corroborates field Studies suggesting that altered temperature regimes in the upper Missouri River reduce the growth of shovelnose sturgeon. This information may help protect the thermal habitat critical to the species and guide restoration efforts by delineating temperature regime standards for regulated rivers and those affected by hydroelectric facilities and suggesting new criteria for conservation propagation.
C1 [Kappenman, Kevin M.; Fraser, William C.; Toner, Matt; Webb, Molly A. H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
   [Dean, Jan] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natchitoches, LA 71457 USA.
RP Kappenman, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
EM kevin_kappenman@fws.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We thank Bill Gardner with the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and
   Parks for broodstock collection, Paul Kanive for fish culture, and Eli
   Cureton with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for proximate analyses
   and assistance with this study. We acknowledge the review of earlier
   drafts of this manuscript by Fredrick T. Barrows and William F. Krise.
   We are indebted to the editors and three anonymous reviewers for their
   thoughtful reviews of this manuscript. This study was funded by the U.S.
   Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 53
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 20
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 2009
VL 138
IS 4
BP 927
EP 937
DI 10.1577/T07-265.1
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 477EL
UT WOS:000268501300019
ER

PT J
AU Mulard, H
   Danchin, E
   Talbot, SL
   Ramey, AM
   Hatch, SA
   White, JF
   Helfenstein, F
   Wagner, RH
AF Mulard, Herve
   Danchin, Etienne
   Talbot, Sandra L.
   Ramey, Andrew M.
   Hatch, Scott A.
   White, Joel F.
   Helfenstein, Fabrice
   Wagner, Richard H.
TI Evidence that pairing with genetically similar mates is maladaptive in a
   monogamous bird
SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; GREAT REED
   WARBLERS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; HATCHING FAILURE; GOOD GENES; BLUE TITS;
   OFFSPRING HETEROZYGOSITY; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SEXUAL SELECTION
AB Background: Evidence of multiple genetic criteria of mate choice is accumulating in numerous taxa. In many species, females have been shown to pair with genetically dissimilar mates or with extra-pair partners that are more genetically compatible than their social mates, thereby increasing their offsprings' heterozygosity which often correlates with offspring fitness. While most studies have focused on genetically promiscuous species, few studies have addressed genetically monogamous species, in which mate choice tends to be mutual.
   Results: Here, we used microsatellite markers to assess individual global heterozygosity and genetic similarity of pairs in a socially and genetically monogamous seabird, the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. We found that pairs were more genetically dissimilar than expected by chance. We also identified fitness costs of breeding with genetically similar partners: (i) genetic similarity of pairs was negatively correlated with the number of chicks hatched, and (ii) offspring heterozygosity was positively correlated with growth rate and survival.
   Conclusion: These findings provide evidence that breeders in a genetically monogamous species may avoid the fitness costs of reproducing with a genetically similar mate. In such species that lack the opportunity to obtain extra-pair fertilizations, mate choice may therefore be under high selective pressure.
C1 [Mulard, Herve; Danchin, Etienne; White, Joel F.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Fonctionnement & Evolut Syst Ecol, UMR 7103,Ecol Inst, F-75005 Paris, France.
   [Mulard, Herve; White, Joel F.; Wagner, Richard H.] Austrian Acad Sci, Konrad Lorenz Inst Ethol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.
   [Mulard, Herve; Danchin, Etienne; White, Joel F.] Univ Toulouse 3, UMR 5174, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31962 Toulouse, France.
   [Talbot, Sandra L.; Ramey, Andrew M.; Hatch, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Helfenstein, Fabrice] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
   [Mulard, Herve] Univ St Etienne, Lab Ecol & Neuroethol Sensorielles, F-42023 St Etienne 03, France.
RP Mulard, H (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Fonctionnement & Evolut Syst Ecol, UMR 7103,Ecol Inst, 7 Quai St Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
EM herve.mulard@wanadoo.fr; edanchin@cict.fr; stalbot@usgs.gov;
   aramey@usgs.gov; shatch@usgs.gov; jwhite@snv.jussieu.fr;
   fabrice.helfenstein@free.fr; R.Wagner@klivv.oeaw.ac.at
RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011; White, Joel/D-8482-2011; Danchin,
   Etienne/A-2299-2009; Helfenstein, Fabrice/I-5634-2013; 
OI Helfenstein, Fabrice/0000-0001-8412-0461; Ramey,
   Andrew/0000-0002-3601-8400
NR 66
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 26
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T
   4LB, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2148
J9 BMC EVOL BIOL
JI BMC Evol. Biol.
PD JUN 30
PY 2009
VL 9
AR 147
DI 10.1186/1471-2148-9-147
PG 12
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 479PU
UT WOS:000268674200002
PM 19566922
ER

PT J
AU Dekov, VM
   Kamenov, GD
   Savelli, C
   Stummeyer, J
   Thiry, M
   Shanks, WC
   Willingham, AL
   Boycheva, TB
   Rochette, P
   Kuzmann, E
   Fortin, D
   Vertes, A
AF Dekov, Vesselin M.
   Kamenov, George D.
   Savelli, Carlo
   Stummeyer, Jens
   Thiry, Medard
   Shanks, Wayne C.
   Willingham, Amanda L.
   Boycheva, Tanya B.
   Rochette, Pierre
   Kuzmann, Erno
   Fortin, Danielle
   Vertes, Attila
TI Metalliferous sediments from Eolo Seamount (Tyrrhenian Sea):
   Hydrothermal deposition and re-deposition in a zone of oxygen depletion
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Eolo Seamount; Hydrothermal activity; Metalliferous sediments;
   Tyrrhenian Sea
ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; BACK-ARC BASIN; AEOLIAN ARC; CALC-ALKALINE;
   OXYHYDROXIDE DEPOSITS; AMBITLE ISLAND; TUTUM BAY; WATER; EVOLUTION;
   SEAWATER
AB A sediment core taken from the south-east slope of the Eolo Seamount is composed of alternating red-brown and light-brown to bluish-grey layers with signs of re-deposition in the middle-upper section. The red-brown layers are Fe-rich metalliferous sediments formed as a result of low-temperature (similar to 77 degrees C) hydrothermal discharge, whereas the bluish-grey layers most probably originated from background sedimentation of Al-rich detrital material. The metalliferous layers are composed mainly of Si-rich goethite containing some Al. Co-precipitation of hydrothermally released SiO44- and Fe2+ as amorphous or poorly crystalline Fe-Si-oxyhydroxides explains the high Si concentration in goethite. The elevated Al content of the goethite is fairly unusual, but reflects the extremely high background Al content of the Tyrrhenian seawater due to the high eolian terrigenous flux from the Sahara desert. The Sr and Nd isotope data suggest that the Eolo metalliferous sediments are the product of a 3-component mixture: hydrothermal fluid, seawater. and detrital material (Saharan dust and Aeolian Arc material). The enrichment in Fe, P, As, Mo, Cd, Be, Sb, W, Y, V, depletion in REE and transition elements (Cu, Co, Ni, Zn) and the REE distribution patterns support the low-temperature hydrothermal deposition of the metalliferous layers. The hydrothermal field is located in a seawater layer of relative O-2 depletion, which led to a significant fractionation of the hydrothermally emitted Fe and Mn. Fe-oxyhydroxides precipitated immediately around the vents whereas Mn stayed in solution longer and the Mn-oxides precipitated higher up on the seamount slope in seawater with relatively higher O-2 levels. High seismic activity led to sediment re-deposition and slumping of the Mn-rich layers down slope and mixing with the Fe-rich layers. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dekov, Vesselin M.; Boycheva, Tanya B.] Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria.
   [Kamenov, George D.; Willingham, Amanda L.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Savelli, Carlo] CNR, Ist Geol Marina, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
   [Stummeyer, Jens] Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, D-30655 Hannover, Germany.
   [Thiry, Medard] Ecole Mines Paris, Ctr Informat Geol, F-77305 Fontainebleau, France.
   [Shanks, Wayne C.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Rochette, Pierre] Univ Aix Marseille 3, CNRS, CEREGE, F-13545 Alx En Prov 4, France.
   [Kuzmann, Erno; Vertes, Attila] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Lab Nucl Chem, Hungarian Acad Sci, Chem Res Ctr, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
   [Fortin, Danielle] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
RP Dekov, VM (reprint author), Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, 15 Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria.
EM dekov@gea.uni-sofia.bg
OI Kuzmann, Erno/0000-0002-0183-6649; Kamenov, George/0000-0002-6041-6687
FU CNR-NATO; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; NSF; Hungarian Science
   Foundation [68135]
FX We acknowledge the financial support from: CNR-NATO (Outreach Fellowship
   Program) and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Rueckehr Stipendium) to
   V.M. Dekov; NSF to G.D. Kamenov; the Hungarian Science Foundation (#OTKA
   K 68135) to E. Kuzmann and A. Vertes. We are indebted to M. Marani
   (ISMAR-MR, Italy) for supplying the multi-beam bathymetric map of the
   Eolo Seamount and to D. Rickard, G.P. Glasby and the anonymous reviewer
   for the useful reviews which improved this paper.
NR 69
TC 11
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
EI 1878-5999
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD JUN 30
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-4
BP 347
EP 363
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.023
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 462TQ
UT WOS:000267379900028
ER

PT J
AU Smith, JP
   Bullen, TD
   Brabander, DJ
   Olsen, CR
AF Smith, Joseph P.
   Bullen, Thomas D.
   Brabander, Daniel J.
   Olsen, Curtis R.
TI Strontium isotope record of seasonal scale variations in sediment
   sources and accumulation in low-energy, subtidal areas of the lower
   Hudson River estuary
SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Strontium isotopes; Cesium-137; Sediment sources; Estuaries; Hudson
   River estuary
ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MULTIELEMENT CHEMISTRY; SUSPENDED MATTER;
   TRACE-ELEMENT; LOIRE ESTUARY; GEOCHEMISTRY; WATER; DYNAMICS; SR;
   SR-87/SR-86
AB Strontium isotope ((87)Sr/(86)Sr) profiles in sediment cores collected from two subtidal harbor slips in the lower Hudson River estuary in October 2001 exhibit regular patterns of variability with depth. Using additional evidence from sediment Ca/Sr ratios, (137)Cs activity and Al, carbonate (CaCO(3)) and organic carbon (OC(sed)) concentration profiles, it can be shown that the observed variability reflects differences in the relative input and trapping of fine-grained sediment from seaward sources vs. landward sources linked to seasonal-scale changes in freshwater flow. During high flow conditions, the geochemical data indicate that most of the fine-grained sediments trapped in the estuary are newly eroded basin materials. During lower (base) flow conditions, a higher fraction of mature materials from seaward sources with higher carbonate content is trapped in the lower estuary. Results show that high-resolution, multi-geochemical tracer approaches utilizing strontium isotope ratios ((87)Sr/(86)Sr) can distinguish sediment sources and constrain seasonal scale variations in sediment trapping and accumulation in dynamic estuarine environments. Low-energy, subtidal areas such as those in this study are important sinks for metastable, short-to-medium time scale sediment accumulation. These results also show that these same areas can serve as natural recorders of physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect particle and particle-associated material dynamics over seasonal-to-yearly time scales. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Smith, Joseph P.; Olsen, Curtis R.] Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Ocean Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
   [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Brabander, Daniel J.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Geosci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA.
RP Smith, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Code 6114, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM joseph.smith@nrl.navy.mil
OI Brabander, Daniel/0000-0002-2967-3087
FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); Chemical Oceanography Program
FX This study was supported in part by a by a Small Grant for Exploratory
   Research (SGER) through the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF),
   Chemical Oceanography Program. The authors would like to thank Sarah
   Oktay (Nantucket Field Station, University of Massachusetts) and John
   Kada (Department of Homeland Security (formerly Department of Energy)
   Environmental Measurements Laboratory, New York, NY) for helping during
   field sampling and Robert F. Chen, George B. Gardner, Gordon T. Wallace,
   and Richard F. Bopp (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY) for
   their feedback and advice. Special thanks go to Michael Trepanier and
   Ulrike Baigorria (UMB) for their assistance in laboratory work
   associated with this study, and to John Fitzpatrick (USGS) for his
   assistance with preparation of samples for chemical and Sr isotope
   analysis and for many discussions concerning the implications of the
   resulting data. The manuscript benefited greatly from exceptionally
   thorough and thoughtful reviews by Philippe Negrel and an anonymous
   reviewer, and from editorial assistance by David Rickard.
NR 50
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2541
J9 CHEM GEOL
JI Chem. Geol.
PD JUN 30
PY 2009
VL 264
IS 1-4
BP 375
EP 384
DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.03.026
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 462TQ
UT WOS:000267379900030
ER

PT J
AU Legleiter, CJ
   Roberts, DA
   Lawrence, RL
AF Legleiter, Carl J.
   Roberts, Dar A.
   Lawrence, Rick L.
TI Spectrally based remote sensing of river bathymetry
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
LA English
DT Article
DE remote sensing; fluvial geomorphology; river depth; bathymetry
ID IN-STREAM HABITATS; WATER DEPTH; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SHALLOW WATERS;
   MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; AIRBORNE LIDAR; BOTTOM-TYPES;
   OCEAN COLOR; REFLECTANCE
AB This paper evaluates the potential for remote mapping of river bathymetry by (1) examining the theoretical basis of a simple, ratio-based technique for retrieving depth information from passive optical image data; (2) performing radiative transfer simulations to quantity the effects of suspended sediment concentration, bottom reflectance, and water surface state; (3) assessing the accuracy of spectrally based depth retrieval under field conditions via ground-based reflectance measurements; and (4) producing bathymetric maps for a pair of gravel-bed rivers from hyperspectral image data. Consideration of the relative magnitudes of various radiance components allowed us to define the range of conditions under which spectrally based depth retrieval is appropriate: the remotely sensed signal must be dominated by bottom-reflected radiance. We developed a simple algorithm, called optimal band ratio analysis (OBRA), for identifying pairs of wavelengths for which this critical assumption is valid and which yield strong, linear relationships between an image-derived quantity X and flow depth d. OBRA of simulated spectra indicated that water column optical properties were accounted for by a shorter-wavelength numerator band sensitive to scattering by suspended sediment while depth information was provided by a longer-wavelength denominator band Subject to strong absorption by pure water. Field spectra suggested that bottom reflectance was fairly homogeneous, isolating the effect of depth, and that radiance measured above the water Surface was primarily reflected from the bottom, not the water column. OBRA of these data, 28% of which were collected during a period of high turbidity, yielded strong X versus d relations (R(2) from 0.792 to 0.976), demonstrating that accurate depth retrieval is feasible under field conditions. Moreover, application of OBRA to hyperspectral image data resulted in spatially coherent, hydraulically reasonable bathymetric maps, though negative depth estimates Occurred along channel margins where pixels were mixed. This study indicates that passive optical remote sensing could become a viable tool for measuring river bathymetry. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Legleiter, Carl J.; Roberts, Dar A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Legleiter, Carl J.] Yellowstone Ecol Res Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
   [Lawrence, Rick L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Legleiter, CJ (reprint author), USGS Geomorphol & Sediment Transport Lab, 4620 Technol Dr,Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403 USA.
EM cjl@usgs.gov
OI Legleiter, Carl/0000-0003-0940-8013
FU Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program; National Science
   Foundation [0602561]; California Space Institute; Environmental
   Protection Agency
FX Financial support was provided by the Canon National Parks Science
   Scholars Program, the National Science Foundation (grant no. 0602561),
   and the California Space Institute. AISA data were acquired through a
   grant from the Environmental Protection Agency, and logistical support
   was provided by the National Park Service and the Yellowstone Ecological
   Research Center. Mike Zambon, Patricia Jenkins, Ben Lieb, David Speer,
   Jake Galyon and Kyle Legleiter assisted with field data collection.
   Andrew Marcus loaned the ASD and provided constructive comments on all
   earlier version of this paper, as did Mark Fonstad, Jose Constantine and
   two anonymous reviewers.
NR 42
TC 65
Z9 65
U1 2
U2 57
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0197-9337
J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND
JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
PD JUN 30
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 8
BP 1039
EP 1059
DI 10.1002/esp.1787
PG 21
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 463XN
UT WOS:000267467500001
ER

PT J
AU Garcia, AF
   Mahan, SA
AF Garcia, Antonio F.
   Mahan, Shannon A.
TI Sediment storage and transport in Pancho Rico Valley during and after
   the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, Coast Ranges of central California
   (Monterey County)
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
LA English
DT Article
DE fluvial geomorphology; climate change; California Coast Ranges; Gabilan
   Mesa; debris flows
ID DEBRIS FLOWS; SINGLE-ALIQUOT; NATIONAL-PARK; ALLUVIAL-FAN; LUMINESCENCE;
   CHRONOLOGY; BASIN; GEOMORPHOLOGY; DEPOSITION; PROFILES
AB Factors influencing sediment transport and storage within the 156.6 km(2) drainage basin of Pancho Rico Creek (PRC), and sediment transport from the PRC drainage basin to its c. 11000 km(2) mainstem drainage (Salinas River) are investigated. Numeric age estimates are determined by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on quartz grains from three sediment samples collected from a 'quaternary terrace a (Qta)' PRC terrace/PRC-tributary fan sequence, which consists dominantly of debris flow deposits overlying fluvial sediments. OSL dating results, morphometric analyses of topography, and field results indicate that the stormy climate of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition caused intense debris-flow erosion of PRC-tributary valleys. However, during that time, the PRC channel was backfilled by Qta sediment, which indicates that there was insufficient discharge in PRC to transport the sediment load produced by tributary-valley denudation. Locally, Salinas Valley alluvial stratigraphy lacks any record of hillslope erosion occurring during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, in that the alluvial fan formed where PRC enters the Salinas Valley lacks lobes correlative to Qta. This indicates that sediment stripped from PRC tributaries was mostly trapped in Pancho Rico Valley despite the relatively moist climate of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.
   Incision into Qta did not occur until PRC enlarged its drainage basin by c. 50% through capture of the upper part of San Lorenzo Creek, which Occurred some time after the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. During the relatively dry Holocene, PRC incision through Qta and into bedrock, as well as delivery of sediment to the San Ardo Fan, were facilitated by the discharge increase associated with stream-capture. The influence of multiple mechanisms on sediment storage and transport in the Pancho Rico Valley-Salinas Valley system exemplifies the complexity that (in some instances) must be recognized in order to correctly interpret terrestrial sedimentary sequences in tectonically active areas. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Garcia, Antonio F.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
   [Mahan, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Garcia, AF (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
EM agarcia@calpoly.edu
OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774
FU California Polytechnic State University
FX Special thanks to the Rossi family for their hospitality and for
   providing access to upper Pancho Rico Valley. Thanks to the Pitis
   family, Victor Silver, and Ray Barker for granting access to lower Slack
   Canyon. Extra special thanks to Glenn 'Ted' Strauser for hell) with OSL
   sample collection in very hot weather. This research was funded by
   monies, generated through the California Polytechnic State University
   'College-based Fee'.
NR 43
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0197-9337
J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND
JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf.
PD JUN 30
PY 2009
VL 34
IS 8
BP 1136
EP 1150
DI 10.1002/esp.1804
PG 15
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA 463XN
UT WOS:000267467500009
ER

PT J
AU Thiel, AL
   Perakis, SS
AF Thiel, Aaron L.
   Perakis, Steven S.
TI Nitrogen dynamics across silvicultural canopy gaps in young forests of
   western Oregon
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Nitrogen cycling; Silvicultural canopy gaps; Mineralization;
   Nitrification; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Western Oregon
ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST; PLANT-SPECIES-DIVERSITY;
   SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; WHOLE-TREE HARVEST; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST;
   CLEAR-CUT; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VEGETATION RECOVERY
AB Silvicultural canopy gaps are emerging as an alternative management tool to accelerate development of complex forest structure in young, even-aged forests of the Pacific Northwest. The effect of gap creation on available nitrogen (N) is of concern to managers because N is often a limiting nutrient in Pacific Northwest forests. We investigated patterns of N availability in the forest floor and upper mineral soil (0-10 cm) across 6-8-year-old silvicultural canopy gaps in three 50-70-year-old Douglas-fir forests spanning a wide range of soil N capital in the Coast Range and Cascade Mountains of western Oregon. We used extractable ammonium (NH(4)(+)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) pools, net N mineralization and nitrification rates, and NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) ion exchange resin (IER) concentrations to quantify N availability along north-south transects run through the centers of 0.4 and 0.1 ha gaps. In addition, we measured several factors known to influence N availability, including litterfall, moisture, temperature, and decomposition rates. In general, gap-forest differences in N availability were more pronounced in the mineral soil than in the forest floor. Mineral soil extractable NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) pools, net N mineralization and nitrification rates, and NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) IER concentrations were all significantly elevated in gaps relative to adjacent forest, and in several cases exhibited significantly greater spatial variability in gaps than forest. Nitrogen availability along the edges of gaps more often resembled levels in the adjacent forest than in gap centers. For the majority of response variables, there were no significant differences between northern and southern transect positions, nor between 0.4 and 0.1 ha gaps. Forest floor and mineral soil gravimetric percent moisture and temperature showed few differences along transects, while litterfall carbon (C) inputs and litterfall ON ratios in gaps were significantly lower than in the adjacent forest. Reciprocal transfer incubations of mineral soil samples between gap and forest positions revealed that soil originating from gaps had greater net nitrification rates than forest samples, regardless of incubation environment. Overall, our results suggest that increased N availability in 6-8-year-old silvicultural gaps in young western Oregon forests may be due more to the quality and quantity of litterfall inputs resulting from early-seral species colonizing gaps than by changes in temperature and moisture conditions caused by gap creation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Thiel, Aaron L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Thiel, AL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM athiel@usgs.gov
FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
FX We are grateful to the US Bureau of Land Management for access to study
   sites. We acknowledge the contributions of Chris Catricala (USGS,
   Corvallis, OR) for laboratory assistance, Klaus Puettmann (Oregon State
   University, Corvallis, OR) for logistical support, and Manuela Huso
   (Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR) for statistical methods
   assistance. We are also grateful to Jana Compton, David Hibbs, Michael
   Unsworth, Robert Griffiths, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on
   previous drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported by the
   USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and is a contribution
   to the Cooperative Forest Ecosystem Research Program. Any use of trade
   names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by
   the US Government.
NR 86
TC 17
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD JUN 30
PY 2009
VL 258
IS 3
BP 273
EP 287
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.015
PG 15
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 464AY
UT WOS:000267478000009
ER

PT J
AU Godsey, SE
   Kirchner, JW
   Clow, DW
AF Godsey, Sarah E.
   Kirchner, James W.
   Clow, David W.
TI Concentration-discharge relationships reflect chemostatic
   characteristics of US catchments
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE concentration-discharge; dissolved load; solute; chemical weathering;
   Hydrologic Benchmark Network; water quality; catchment; watershed
ID WEATHERING RATES; HEADWATER CATCHMENT; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS;
   WATER-QUALITY; NEW-YORK; SILICATE; NUTRIENT; STREAMS; HYSTERESIS;
   CHEMISTRY
AB Concentration-discharge relationships have been widely used as clues to the hydrochemical processes that control runoff chemistry. Here we examine concentration-discharge relationships for solutes produced primarily by mineral weathering in 59 geochemically diverse US catchments. We show that these catchments exhibit nearly chemostatic behaviour; their stream concentrations of weathering products such as Ca, Mg, Na, and Si typically vary by factors of only 3 to 20 while discharge varies by several orders of magnitude. Similar patterns are observed at the inter-annual time scale. This behaviour implies that solute concentrations in stream water are not determined by simple dilution of a fixed solute flux by a variable flux of water, and that rates of solute production and/or mobilization must be nearly proportional to water fluxes, both on storm and inter-annual timescales. We compared these catchments' concentration-discharge relationships to the predictions of several simple hydrological and geochemical models. Most of these models can be forced to approximately fit the observed concentration-discharge relationships, but often only by assuming unrealistic or internally inconsistent parameter values. We propose a new model that also fits the data and may be more robust. We suggest possible tests of the new model for future studies. The relative stability of concentration under widely varying discharge may help make aquatic environments habitable. It also implies that fluxes of weathering solutes in streams, and thus fluxes of alkalinity to the oceans, are determined primarily by water fluxes. Thus, hydrology may be a major driver of the ocean-alkalinity feedback regulating climate change. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Godsey, Sarah E.; Kirchner, James W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Kirchner, James W.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
   [Kirchner, James W.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Clow, David W.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
RP Godsey, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM godseys@eps.berkeley.edu
RI Kirchner, James/B-6126-2009; 
OI Kirchner, James/0000-0001-6577-3619; Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824
NR 57
TC 126
Z9 129
U1 9
U2 100
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1099-1085
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD JUN 30
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 13
BP 1844
EP 1864
DI 10.1002/hyp.7315
PG 21
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 462BW
UT WOS:000267321400003
ER

PT J
AU Ebel, BA
   Mirus, BB
   Heppner, CS
   VanderKwaak, JE
   Loague, K
AF Ebel, Brian A.
   Mirus, Benjamin B.
   Heppner, Christopher S.
   VanderKwaak, Joel E.
   Loague, Keith
TI First-order exchange coefficient coupling for simulating surface
   water-groundwater interactions: parameter sensitivity and consistency
   with a physics-based approach
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Review
DE InHM; R5; runoff generation; coupling length; surface water-groundwater
   interaction; physics-based
ID HYDROLOGIC-RESPONSE SIMULATION; VARIABLY-SATURATED FLOW; DISTRIBUTED
   MODELING SYSTEM; FRACTURED POROUS-MEDIA; FREE NEWTON-KRYLOV; SOLUTE
   TRANSPORT; SUBSURFACE FLOW; R-5 CATCHMENT; NEAR-SURFACE; LARGE-SCALE
AB Distributed hydrologic models capable of simulating fully-coupled surface water and groundwater flow are increasingly used to examine problems in the hydrologic sciences. Several techniques are currently available to couple the surface and subsurface; the two most frequently employed approaches are first-order exchange coefficients (a.k.a., the surface conductance method) and enforced continuity of pressure and flux at the surface-subsurface boundary condition. The effort reported here examines the parameter sensitivity of simulated hydrologic response for the first-order exchange coefficients at a well-characterized field site using the fully coupled Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM). This investigation demonstrates that the first-order exchange coefficients can be selected such that the simulated hydrologic response is insensitive to the parameter choice, while simulation time is considerably reduced. Alternatively, the ability to choose a first-order exchange coefficient that intentionally decouples the surface and subsurface facilitates concept-development simulations to examine real-world situations where the surface-subsurface exchange is impaired. While the parameters comprising the first-order exchange coefficient cannot be directly estimated or measured, the insensitivity of the simulated flow system to these parameters (when chosen appropriately) combined with the ability to mimic actual physical processes suggests that the first-order exchange coefficient approach can be consistent with a physics-based framework. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Ebel, Brian A.; Mirus, Benjamin B.; Loague, Keith] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Heppner, Christopher S.] Erler & Kalinowski Inc, Burlingame, CA 94010 USA.
   [VanderKwaak, Joel E.] Fusion Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA.
RP Ebel, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM bebe132@stanford.edu
RI Ebel, Brian/A-2483-2011; Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009; 
OI Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-6969-8967; Mirus, Benjamin/0000-0001-5550-014X;
   Ebel, Brian/0000-0002-5413-3963
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0409133, EAR-0438749]
FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants
   EAR-0409133 and EAR-0438749. The ideas presented here benefitted from
   discussions with Adrianne Carr, Qihua Ran, and Mario Putti.
NR 129
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 4
U2 34
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0885-6087
EI 1099-1085
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD JUN 30
PY 2009
VL 23
IS 13
BP 1949
EP 1959
DI 10.1002/hyp.7279
PG 11
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 462BW
UT WOS:000267321400011
ER

PT J
AU Gumma, M
   Thenkabail, PS
   Fujii, H
   Namara, R
AF Gumma, Muralikrishna
   Thenkabail, Prasad S.
   Fujii, Hideto
   Namara, Regassa
TI Spatial models for selecting the most suitable areas of rice cultivation
   in the Inland Valley Wetlands of Ghana using remote sensing and
   geographic information systems
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE spatial model; inland valley wetlands; land suitability; most suitable
   areas selection; rice; agriculture; water; remote sensing; Ghana; Africa
ID ETM PLUS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; AFRICA; WEST
AB The overarching goal of this research was to develop spatial models and demonstrate their use in selecting the most suitable areas for the inland valley (IV) wetland rice cultivation. The process involved comprehensive sets of methods and protocols involving: (1) Identification and development of necessary spatial data layers; (2) Providing weightages to these spatial data layers based on expert knowledge, (3) Development of spatial models, and (4) Running spatial models for determining most suitable areas for rice cultivation. The study was conducted in Ghana. The model results, based on weightages to 16-22 spatial data layers, showed only 3-4% of the total IV wetland areas were "highly suitable" but 39-47% of the total IV wetland areas were "suitable" for rice cultivation. The outputs were verified using field-plot data which showed accuracy between 84.4 to 87.5% with errors of omissions and commissions less than 23%. Given that only a small fraction (<15% overall) of the total IV wetland areas (about 20-28% of total geographic area in Ghana) are currently utilized for agriculture and constitute very rich land-units in terms of soil depth, soil fertility, and water availability, these agroecosystems offer an excellent opportunity for a green and a blue revolution in Africa.
C1 [Gumma, Muralikrishna] IWMI, Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
   [Thenkabail, Prasad S.] US Geol Survey, SW Geog Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
   [Fujii, Hideto; Namara, Regassa] Ghana Off, IWMI, Accra 112, Ghana.
RP Gumma, M (reprint author), IWMI, Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
EM m.gumma@cgiar.org; pthenkabail@usgs.gov; h.fujii@cgiar.org;
   r.namara@cgiar.org
FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Japan
FX This project was a sub-component of a larger project entitled "Research
   on Transferring Effective Irrigation and Water Resource Management
   Technique (TEIWRMT)" funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
   Fisheries (MAFF), Japan. The project was lead by Dr. Fujii Hideto. The
   first two authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of
   MAFF, Japan and Dr. Hideto. The paper was not internally reviewed by
   U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). So, it is no way endorsed by USGS. The
   opinions expressed in the paper are only those of the authors and not
   those of USGS.
NR 26
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 10
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS
JI J. Appl. Remote Sens.
PD JUN 29
PY 2009
VL 3
AR 033537
DI 10.1117/1.3182847
PG 21
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA 520XI
UT WOS:000271882500001
ER

PT J
AU Lafferty, KD
   Kuris, AM
AF Lafferty, Kevin D.
   Kuris, Armand M.
TI Parasites reduce food web robustness because they are sensitive to
   secondary extinction as illustrated by an invasive estuarine snail
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE food web; connectance; ecological analogue; subwebs; stability;
   trematode
ID BIRD FINAL HOSTS; LARVAL TREMATODES; MANIPULATION; DIVERSITY; INCREASES;
   NETWORKS; BEHAVIOR
AB A robust food web is one in which few secondary extinctions occur after removing species. We investigated how parasites affected the robustness of the Carpinteria Salt Marsh food web by conducting random species removals and a hypothetical, but plausible, species invasion. Parasites were much more likely than free-living species to suffer secondary extinctions following the removal of a free-living species from the food web. For this reason, the food web was less robust with the inclusion of parasites. Removal of the horn snail, Cerithidea californica, resulted in a disproportionate number of secondary parasite extinctions. The exotic Japanese mud snail, Batillaria attramentaria, is the ecological analogue of the native California horn snail and can completely replace it following invasion. Owing to the similarities between the two snail species, the invasion had no effect on predator-prey interactions. However, because the native snail is host for 17 host-specific parasites, and the invader is host to only one, comparison of a food web that includes parasites showed significant effects of invasion on the native community. The hypothetical invasion also significantly reduced the connectance of the web because the loss of 17 native trematode species eliminated many links.
C1 [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu
RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009
OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593
FU National Science Foundation through the NIH/NSF Ecology of Infectious
   Disease Program [DEB-0224565]; University of California Natural Reserve
   System
FX This manuscript benefited from support received from the National
   Science Foundation through the NIH/NSF Ecology of Infectious Disease
   Program (DEB-0224565). The University of California Natural Reserve
   System provided access to CSM. R. Hechinger and M. Torchin provided
   their useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use
   of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive
   purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government.
NR 27
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 39
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8436
J9 PHILOS T R SOC B
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD JUN 27
PY 2009
VL 364
IS 1524
BP 1659
EP 1663
DI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0220
PG 5
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 446ET
UT WOS:000266104100003
PM 19451117
ER

PT J
AU Dobson, A
   Allesina, S
   Lafferty, K
   Pascual, M
AF Dobson, Andy
   Allesina, Stefano
   Lafferty, Kevin
   Pascual, Mercedes
TI The assembly, collapse and restoration of food webs
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE RESERVES; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY;
   PARASITES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; YIELD; LINKS
C1 [Dobson, Andy] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Dobson, Andy; Pascual, Mercedes] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA.
   [Allesina, Stefano] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
   [Lafferty, Kevin] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Pascual, Mercedes] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Dobson, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM dobson@princeton.edu
RI Allesina, Stefano/A-2255-2009
NR 44
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 32
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8436
J9 PHILOS T R SOC B
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD JUN 27
PY 2009
VL 364
IS 1524
BP 1803
EP 1806
DI 10.1098/rstb.2009.0002
PG 4
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 446ET
UT WOS:000266104100015
PM 19451129
ER

PT J
AU Tang, GP
   Shafer, SL
   Bartlein, PJ
   Holman, JO
AF Tang, Guoping
   Shafer, Sarah L.
   Bartlein, Patrick J.
   Holman, Justin O.
TI Effects of experimental protocol on global vegetation model accuracy: A
   comparison of simulated and observed vegetation patterns for Asia
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Climatology; Model validation; Map comparison; Accuracy assessment;
   BIOME4; Vegetation; Asia
ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE;
   TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS;
   CATEGORICAL MAPS; SET; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY
AB Prognostic vegetation models have been widely used to study the interactions between environmental change and biological systems. This study examines the sensitivity of vegetation model simulations to: (i) the selection of input climatologies representing different time periods and their associated atmospheric CO2, concentrations, (ii) the choice of observed vegetation data for evaluating the model results, and (iii) the methods used to compare simulated and observed vegetation. We use vegetation simulated for Asia by the equilibrium vegetation model BIOME4 as a typical example of vegetation model output. BIOME4 was run using 19 different climatologies and their associated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The Kappa statistic, Fuzzy Kappa statistic and a newly developed map-comparison method, the Nomad index, were used to quantify the agreement between the biomes simulated under each scenario and the observed vegetation from three different global land- and tree-cover data sets: the global Potential Natural Vegetation data set (PNV), the Global Land Cover Characteristics data set (GLCC), and the Global Land Cover Facility data set (GLCF). The results indicate that the 30-year mean climatology (and its associated atmospheric CO2 concentration) for the time period immediately preceding the collection date of the observed vegetation data produce the most accurate vegetation simulations when compared with all three observed vegetation data sets. The study also indicates that the BIOME4-simulated vegetation for Asia more closely matches the PNV data than the other two observed vegetation data sets. Given the same observed data, the accuracy assessments of the BIOME4 simulations made using the Kappa, Fuzzy Kappa and Nomad index map-comparison methods agree well when the compared vegetation types consist of a large number of spatially continuous grid cells. The results of this analysis can assist model users in designing experimental protocols for simulating vegetation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tang, Guoping; Bartlein, Patrick J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
   [Shafer, Sarah L.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Holman, Justin O.] TerraSeer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA.
RP Tang, GP (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Plant Biol, 120B Marsh Life Sci Bldg, Burlington, VT 05401 USA.
EM gtang3@uvm.edu
RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011
OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685
FU NSF [ATM 9532074, ATM 9910638]; Department of Geography at the
   University of Oregon; U.S. Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics
FX Research was supported by NSF grant numbers ATM 9532074 and ATM 9910638,
   the Department of Geography at the University of Oregon, and the U.S.
   Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program. We thank Steve
   Hostetlerjed Kaplan, Noah S. Diffenbaugh and one anonymous reviewer for
   their comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.Contributions: The
   overall research design was conceived by G.Tang, S.Shafer, and R
   Bartlein, with input from J. Holman. J. Holman developed the Nomad index
   and contributed to the analysis of map-comparison methods. G. Tang
   prepared the initial draft of the manuscript, tables, and figures, with
   contributions from all authors.
NR 50
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD JUN 24
PY 2009
VL 220
IS 12
BP 1481
EP 1491
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.021
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 457CI
UT WOS:000266902700003
ER

PT J
AU Forcada, J
   Malone, D
   Royle, JA
   Staniland, IJ
AF Forcada, Jaume
   Malone, Donald
   Royle, J. Andrew
   Staniland, Iain J.
TI Modelling predation by transient leopard seals for an ecosystem-based
   management of Southern Ocean fisheries
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioenergetics; Data augmentation; Dispersal; Food consumption; Hydrurga
   leptonyx; Mark-recapture; MCMC; Prey choice; State-space model;
   Sub-Antarctic
ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ICEFISH CHAMPSOCEPHALUS-GUNNARI; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA
   DANA; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; HYDRURGA-LEPTONYX; WINTER DISPERSAL;
   BODY-COMPOSITION; DIET COMPOSITION; FOOD WEBS; GEORGIA
AB Correctly quantifying the impacts of rare apex marine predators is essential to ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, where harvesting must be sustainable for targeted species and their dependent predators. This requires modelling the uncertainty in such processes as predator life history, seasonal abundance and movement, size-based predation, energetic requirements, and prey vulnerability. We combined these uncertainties to evaluate the predatory impact of transient leopard seals on a community of mesopredators (seals and penguins) and their prey at South Georgia, and assess the implications for an ecosystem-based management. The mesopredators are highly dependent on Antarctic krill and icefish, which are targeted by regional fisheries. We used a state-space formulation to combine (1) a mark-recapture open-population model and individual identification data to assess seasonally variable leopard seal arrival and departure dates, numbers, and residency times; (2) a size-based bioenergetic model; and (3) a size-based prey choice model from a diet analysis. Our models indicated that prey choice and consumption reflected seasonal changes in leopard seal population size and structure, size-selective predation and prey vulnerability. A population of 104 (90-125) leopard seals, of which 64% were juveniles, consumed less than 2% of the Antarctic fur seal pup production of the area (50% of total ingested energy, IE), but ca. 12-16% of the local gentoo penguin population (20% IE). Antarctic krill (28% IE) were the only observed food of leopard seal pups and supplemented the diet of older individuals. Direct impacts on krill and fish were negligible, but the "escapement" due to leopard seal predation on fur seal pups and penguins could be significant for the mackerel icefish fishery at South Georgia. These results suggest that: (1) rare apex predators like leopard seals may control, and may depend on, populations of mesopredators dependent on prey species targeted by fisheries: and (2) predatory impacts and community control may vary throughout the predator's geographic range, and differ across ecosystems and management areas, depending on the seasonal abundance of the prey and the predator's dispersal movements. This understanding is important to integrate the predator needs as natural mortality of its prey in models to set prey catch limits for fisheries. Reliable estimates of the variability of these needs are essential for a precautionary interpretation in the context of an ecosystem-based management. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Forcada, Jaume; Malone, Donald; Staniland, Iain J.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
   [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Forcada, J (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
EM jfor@bas.ac.uk
RI Staniland, Iain/I-4725-2012; 
OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167
NR 54
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 17
U2 64
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
EI 1872-7026
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD JUN 24
PY 2009
VL 220
IS 12
BP 1513
EP 1521
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.03.020
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 457CI
UT WOS:000266902700007
ER

PT J
AU Foglia, L
   Hill, MC
   Mehl, SW
   Burlando, P
AF Foglia, L.
   Hill, M. C.
   Mehl, S. W.
   Burlando, P.
TI Sensitivity analysis, calibration, and testing of a distributed
   hydrological model using error-based weighting and one objective
   function
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-WATER MODELS; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION;
   UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; NONLINEAR-REGRESSION;
   VIRUS TRANSPORT; FLOW; EQUIFINALITY; CATCHMENT
AB We evaluate the utility of three interrelated means of using data to calibrate the fully distributed rainfall-runoff model TOPKAPI as applied to the Maggia Valley drainage area in Switzerland. The use of error-based weighting of observation and prior information data, local sensitivity analysis, and single-objective function nonlinear regression provides quantitative evaluation of sensitivity of the 35 model parameters to the data, identification of data types most important to the calibration, and identification of correlations among parameters that contribute to nonuniqueness. Sensitivity analysis required only 71 model runs, and regression required about 50 model runs. The approach presented appears to be ideal for evaluation of models with long run times or as a preliminary step to more computationally demanding methods. The statistics used include composite scaled sensitivities, parameter correlation coefficients, leverage, Cook's D, and DFBETAS. Tests suggest predictive ability of the calibrated model typical of hydrologic models.
C1 [Foglia, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Mehl, S. W.; Burlando, P.] ETH, Inst Hydromech & Water Resources Management, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Hill, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Foglia, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM lfoglia@ucdavis.edu
RI Foglia, Laura/D-9526-2014
NR 75
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 1
U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUN 24
PY 2009
VL 45
AR W06427
DI 10.1029/2008WR007255
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 464GE
UT WOS:000267492500001
ER

PT J
AU Muhlfeld, CC
   Kalinowski, ST
   McMahon, TE
   Taper, ML
   Painter, S
   Leary, RF
   Allendorf, FW
AF Muhlfeld, Clint C.
   Kalinowski, Steven T.
   McMahon, Thomas E.
   Taper, Mark L.
   Painter, Sally
   Leary, Robb F.
   Allendorf, Fred W.
TI Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE fitness; hybridization; introgression; invasive species; reproductive
   success; cutthroat trout
ID INTROGRESSION; HYBRIDS
AB Human-mediated hybridization is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. How hybridization affects fitness and what level of hybridization is permissible pose difficult conservation questions with little empirical information to guide policy and management decisions. This is particularly true for salmonids, where widespread introgression among non-native and native taxa has often created hybrid swarms over extensive geographical areas resulting in genomic extinction. Here, we used parentage analysis with multilocus microsatellite markers to measure how varying levels of genetic introgression with non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) affect reproductive success (number of offspring per adult) of native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) in the wild. Small amounts of hybridization markedly reduced fitness of male and female trout, with reproductive success sharply declining by approximately 50 per cent, with only 20 per cent admixture. Despite apparent fitness costs, our data suggest that hybridization may spread due to relatively high reproductive success of first-generation hybrids and high reproductive success of a few males with high levels of admixture. This outbreeding depression suggests that even low levels of admixture may have negative effects on fitness in the wild and that policies protecting hybridized populations may need reconsideration.
C1 [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
   [Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Kalinowski, Steven T.; McMahon, Thomas E.; Taper, Mark L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Painter, Sally; Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Conservat Genet Lab, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Muhlfeld, CC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA.
EM cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov
FU Bonneville Power Administration; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; US
   Geological Survey
FX We thank R. Hunt, S. Glutting, D. Belcer and M. Boyer for their field
   assistance and M. Boyer, J. Kershner, R. Gresswell, B. Shepard and two
   anonymous reviewers for their comments. This work was funded by
   Bonneville Power Administration, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, and
   the US Geological Survey.
NR 17
TC 100
Z9 100
U1 6
U2 95
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD JUN 23
PY 2009
VL 5
IS 3
BP 328
EP 331
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0033
PG 4
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
   Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 446TO
UT WOS:000266144300011
PM 19324629
ER

PT J
AU Shevliakova, E
   Pacala, SW
   Malyshev, S
   Hurtt, GC
   Milly, PCD
   Caspersen, JP
   Sentman, LT
   Fisk, JP
   Wirth, C
   Crevoisier, C
AF Shevliakova, Elena
   Pacala, Stephen W.
   Malyshev, Sergey
   Hurtt, George C.
   Milly, P. C. D.
   Caspersen, John P.
   Sentman, Lori T.
   Fisk, Justin P.
   Wirth, Christian
   Crevoisier, Cyril
TI Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: Importance of the
   secondary vegetation sink
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FOREST BIOMASS; MODEL; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS;
   ATMOSPHERE; BALANCE; PRODUCTIVITY; BIOSPHERE; AMAZON
AB We have developed a dynamic land model (LM3V) able to simulate ecosystem dynamics and exchanges of water, energy, and CO(2) between land and atmosphere. LM3V is specifically designed to address the consequences of land use and land management changes including cropland and pasture dynamics, shifting cultivation, logging, fire, and resulting patterns of secondary regrowth. Here we analyze the behavior of LM3V, forced with the output from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric model AM2, observed precipitation data, and four historic scenarios of land use change for 1700-2000. Our analysis suggests a net terrestrial carbon source due to land use activities from 1.1 to 1.3 GtC/a during the 1990s, where the range is due to the difference in the historic cropland distribution. This magnitude is substantially smaller than previous estimates from other models, largely due to our estimates of a secondary vegetation sink of 0.35 to 0.6 GtC/a in the 1990s and decelerating agricultural land clearing since the 1960s. For the 1990s, our estimates for the pastures' carbon flux vary from a source of 0.37 to a sink of 0.15 GtC/a, and for the croplands our model shows a carbon source of 0.6 to 0.9 GtC/a. Our process-based model suggests a smaller net deforestation source than earlier bookkeeping models because it accounts for decelerated net conversion of primary forest to agriculture and for stronger secondary vegetation regrowth in tropical regions. The overall uncertainty is likely to be higher than the range reported here because of uncertainty in the biomass recovery under changing ambient conditions, including atmospheric CO(2) concentration, nutrients availability, and climate.
C1 [Shevliakova, Elena; Pacala, Stephen W.; Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
   [Caspersen, John P.] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada.
   [Crevoisier, Cyril] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IPSL, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
   [Hurtt, George C.; Fisk, Justin P.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Sentman, Lori T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Wirth, Christian] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
RP Shevliakova, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM elena@princeton.edu
RI Hurtt, George/A-8450-2012; Sentman, Lori/D-4402-2014; Shevliakova,
   Elena/J-5770-2014
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ262]; U.
   S. Department of Commerc; British Petroleum Company; Ford Motor Company;
   NASA
FX The authors are most grateful to Ronald J. Stouffer, Songmiao Fan, James
   Randerson, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the
   manuscript. This work has been supported by the Cooperative Institute
   for Climate Science (CICS) under award NA17RJ262 from the National
   Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U. S. Department of
   Commerce; by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative with support provided by
   the British Petroleum Company and the Ford Motor Company; and by a grant
   from the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. The statements,
   findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and
   do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA and NASA.
NR 53
TC 126
Z9 127
U1 3
U2 75
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD JUN 23
PY 2009
VL 23
AR GB2022
DI 10.1029/2007GB003176
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA 464FD
UT WOS:000267489800001
ER

PT J
AU Shukla, SP
   Chandler, MA
   Jonas, J
   Sohl, LE
   Mankoff, K
   Dowsett, H
AF Shukla, Sonali P.
   Chandler, Mark A.
   Jonas, Jeff
   Sohl, Linda E.
   Mankoff, Ken
   Dowsett, Harry
TI Impact of a permanent El Nino (El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole in warm
   Pliocene climates
SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; SURFACE
   TEMPERATURES; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA; CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE;
   RECONSTRUCTION; ENSO
AB Pliocene sea surface temperature data, as well as terrestrial precipitation and temperature proxies, indicate warmer than modern conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific and imply permanent El Nino-like conditions with impacts similar to those of the 1997/1998 El Nino event. Here we use a general circulation model to examine the global-scale effects that result from imposing warm tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in both modern and Pliocene simulations. Observed SSTs from the 1997/1998 El Nino event were used for the anomalies and incorporate Pacific warming as well as a prominent Indian Ocean Dipole event. Both the permanent El Nino (also called El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) conditions are necessary to reproduce temperature and precipitation patterns consistent with the global distribution of Pliocene proxy data. These patterns may result from the poleward propagation of planetary waves from the strong convection centers associated with the El Nino and IOD.
C1 [Shukla, Sonali P.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA.
   [Shukla, Sonali P.; Chandler, Mark A.; Jonas, Jeff; Sohl, Linda E.; Mankoff, Ken] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
   [Dowsett, Harry] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA.
   [Chandler, Mark A.; Jonas, Jeff; Sohl, Linda E.; Mankoff, Ken] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA.
RP Shukla, SP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM sps2113@columbia.edu
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0323516]; United States Geological
   Survey; NASA
FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Science
   Foundation, ATM-0323516 (to M. A. C.), the United States Geological
   Survey, and the NASA Climate Program. Thanks to Christina Ravelo and an
   anonymous reviewer for comments that helped improve the paper.
NR 60
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0883-8305
EI 1944-9186
J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
JI Paleoceanography
PD JUN 23
PY 2009
VL 24
AR PA2221
DI 10.1029/2008PA001682
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology
SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology
GA 464GA
UT WOS:000267492100002
ER

PT J
AU Ganas, A
   Parsons, T
AF Ganas, Athanassios
   Parsons, Tom
TI Three-dimensional model of Hellenic Arc deformation and origin of the
   Cretan uplift
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Review
ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; CRUSTAL BLOCK MOVEMENTS; EAST-WEST
   EXTENSION; NORMAL-FAULT SCARPS; CENTRAL AEGEAN SEA; SUBDUCTION ZONE;
   ACTIVE TECTONICS; SLAB DETACHMENT; GEODYNAMIC IMPLICATIONS;
   MEDITERRANEAN REGION
AB The Hellenic Arc of Greece is the most seismically active part of Europe, but little is know about its mechanics. We modeled deformation along the arc using a finite element model. The model was intended to capture large-scale 3-D structure of Nubian plate subduction beneath the Aegean block and its deformational consequences. The shape of the interface was developed using mapped traces at the surface and earthquake hypocenters at depth. Model block motions were constrained by recent compilations of GPS velocity vectors. We simulated a 10 ka period of convergence between Nubia and the Aegean and calculated the strain field in the overriding plate as well as the spatial distribution and orientation of differential stress (vertical bar sigma(1) - sigma(3)vertical bar). From these calculations we derived testable quantities such as the expected seismic moment rate on the interplate contact, uplift pattern, and distribution of strain modes. Our relatively simple model broadly reproduced observed uplift patterns, earthquake activity, and loci of extension and contraction. The model showed a localization of uplift near the island of Crete, where the fastest Aegean uplift rates are well documented. Comparison of calculated expected seismic moment and observed earthquake catalogs implies a nearly fully coupled interplate contact. On the basis of our modeling results, we suggest that south Aegean deformation is driven primarily by the fast moving (similar to 33 mm a(-1)) Aegean upper plate overriding a nearly stalled (similar to 5 mm a(-1)) Nubian lower plate. This tectonic setting thus more closely resembles a continental thrust than it does a typical oceanic subduction zone.
C1 [Ganas, Athanassios] Natl Observ Athens, Geodynam Inst, G-11810 Athens, Greece.
   [Parsons, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Ganas, A (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Geodynam Inst, POB 20048, G-11810 Athens, Greece.
EM aganas@gein.noa.gr; tparsons@usgs.gov
RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; 
OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338; Ganas, Athanassios/0000-0002-1937-3283
FU Greek Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT)
FX We thank the Fulbright Foundation for funding A. G.' s visit to USGS
   where this paper was written. Aspects of this research were funded by
   the Greek Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT). We thank Bob
   Simpson for providing his DLC code. Background topography was extracted
   from the SRTM30PLUS shaded relief data set [Poppe et al., 2005]. Figure
   4 was done by use of GMT software. We thank reviewers Tuncay Taymaz and
   Dimitri Papanikolaou for comments and suggestions. Nikolitsa
   Alexandropoulou helped compiling the geological data on Cretan uplift.
NR 102
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD JUN 20
PY 2009
VL 114
AR B06404
DI 10.1029/2008JB005599
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 460MC
UT WOS:000267190800001
ER

PT J
AU Pohlman, JW
   Bauer, JE
   Canuel, EA
   Grabowski, KS
   Knies, DL
   Mitchell, CS
   Whiticar, MJ
   Coffin, RB
AF Pohlman, J. W.
   Bauer, J. E.
   Canuel, E. A.
   Grabowski, K. S.
   Knies, D. L.
   Mitchell, C. S.
   Whiticar, M. J.
   Coffin, R. B.
TI Methane sources in gas hydrate-bearing cold seeps: Evidence from
   radiocarbon and stable isotopes
SO MARINE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrate; Gas hydrate; Methane Radiocarbon; Stable isotope; Cold seep;
   Methanogenesis
ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NORTHERN CASCADIA MARGIN; ATMOSPHERIC
   METHANE; CHEMOSYNTHETIC COMMUNITIES; THERMOGENIC GAS; CARBON; SEDIMENTS;
   SLOPE; RIDGE; ACCUMULATION
AB Fossil methane from the large and dynamic marine gas hydrate reservoir has the potential to influence oceanic and atmospheric carbon pools. However, natural radiocarbon (C-14) measurements of gas hydrate methane have been extremely limited, and their use as a source and process indicator has not yet been systematically established. In this study, gas hydrate-bound and dissolved methane recovered from six geologically and geographically distinct high-gas-flux cold seeps was found to be 98 to 100% fossil based on its C-14 content. Given this prevalence of fossil methane and the small contribution of gas hydrate (<= 1%) to the present-day atmospheric methane flux, non-fossil contributions of gas hydrate methane to the atmosphere are not likely to be quantitatively significant. This conclusion is consistent with contemporary atmospheric methane budget calculations.
   In combination with delta C-13- and delta D-methane measurements, we also determine the extent to which the low, but detectable, amounts of C-14 (similar to 1-2% modern carbon. pMC) in methane from two cold seeps might reflect in situ production from near-seafloor sediment organic carbon (SOC). A C-14 mass balance approach using fossil methane and C-14-enriched SOC suggests that as much as 8 to 29% of hydrate-associated methane carbon may originate from SOC contained within the upper 6 m of sediment. These findings validate the assumption of a predominantly fossil carbon source for marine gas hydrate, but also indicate that structural gas hydrate from at least certain cold seeps contains a component of methane produced during decomposition of non-fossil organic matter in near-surface sediment. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Pohlman, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Bauer, J. E.; Canuel, E. A.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
   [Mitchell, C. S.] USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
   [Whiticar, M. J.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
RP Pohlman, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Res Ctr, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM jpohlman@usgs.gov
OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X
FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); Geological
   Survey of Canada; USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research Fellowship
   Program; NSF Chemical Oceanography [OCE-0327423]; Integrated Carbon
   Cycle Research [EAR-0403949]
FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the Naval
   Research Laboratory (NRL) and Geological Survey of Canada. We thank the
   numerous scientists, engineers, captains and crew members who
   facilitated the collection of samples aboard the vessels CCGSJohn P
   Tully, RIV Cape Hatteras, RIV Vidal Gormaz, RIVAkademik Mstislav Keldysh
   and with the submersibles ROPOS and the Johnson Sea-Link. Partial
   support was also provided by the USGS Mendenhall Postdoctoral Research
   Fellowship Program to JWP, and NSF Chemical Oceanography (OCE-0327423)
   and Integrated Carbon Cycle Research (EAR-0403949) program support to
   JEB. We gratefully acknowledge Jack McGeehin and Jeff Chanton for
   technical advice during the development of the radiocarbon sample
   preparation facility at NRL, Paul Eby and Rebecca Plummer for analytical
   support, and Brett Renfro and Catalina Cetina for assistance with the
   data analysis. Carolyn Ruppel and Eric Sundquist provided valuable
   comments on a previous version of the manuscript. We also thank Ed
   Pelzer (Associate Editor) and two anonymous reviewers for constructive
   comments and suggestions. References to non-USGS equipment are provided
   for information only and do not constitute endorsement by the USGS, U.S.
   Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government.
NR 49
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-4203
EI 1872-7581
J9 MAR CHEM
JI Mar. Chem.
PD JUN 20
PY 2009
VL 115
IS 1-2
BP 102
EP 109
DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2009.07.001
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Chemistry; Oceanography
GA 499ZK
UT WOS:000270265400011
ER

PT J
AU Hodgkins, GA
AF Hodgkins, Glenn A.
TI Streamflow changes in Alaska between the cool phase (1947-1976) and the
   warm phase (1977-2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation: The influence
   of glaciers
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID TRENDS
AB Streamflow data from 35 stations in and near Alaska were analyzed for changes between the cool phase (1947-1976) and the warm phase (1977-2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Winter, spring, and summer flow changes and maximum annual flow changes were different for glaciated basins (more than 10% glacier-covered area) than for nonglaciated basins, showing the influence of glaciers on historical streamflow changes. Mean February flows, for example, increased for the median of available stations by 45% for glaciated basins and by 17% for nonglaciated ones.
C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA.
RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA.
EM gahodgki@usgs.gov
NR 15
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUN 20
PY 2009
VL 45
AR W06502
DI 10.1029/2008WR007575
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA 460ND
UT WOS:000267193500002
ER

EF