FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hawley, JW Kernodle, JM AF Hawley, John W. Kernodle, J. Michael TI Early contributions to arid-zone hydrogeology in the eastern Basin and Range region SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 [Hawley, John W.] NM Inst Mining & Technol, Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Albuquerque, NM 87196 USA. [Kernodle, J. Michael] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Hawley, JW (reprint author), NM Inst Mining & Technol, Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, POB 4370, Albuquerque, NM 87196 USA. EM hgeomatters@qwest.net NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 510 EP 516 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00391.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 296NK UT WOS:000255552900015 PM 18435625 ER PT J AU Anlauf, KJ Moffitt, CM AF Anlauf, Kara J. Moffitt, Christine M. TI Models of stream habitat characteristics associated with tubificid populations in an intermountain watershed SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE stream habitat models; tubificidae; stream scale; spatial extent; hierarchical habitat assessment; Myxobolus cerebralis; whirling disease ID MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS INFECTION; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX MULLER; WHIRLING DISEASE; LAND-USE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; CAUSATIVE AGENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; SPATIAL SCALE; OLIGOCHAETA; LANDSCAPES AB Habitat assessments were conducted in an intermountain watershed at three spatial extents to explore ways to predict the presence of tubificid oligochaetes likely to support the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, cause of salmonid whirling disease. Stream reaches with six different reach slope characteristics were selected using GIS. The aquatic habitat in 60 reaches selected at random was measured and classified into distinct habitat units. Within the habitat units, areas of microhabitat with depositional fine sediments were chosen, measured, and core samples were removed to characterize the sediments and benthic oligochaetes. Two tubificids, Tubifex spp. and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, were abundant and co-occurred in silt-clay and fine sand sediments in these habitats. Models were posed and tested to predict the presence and relative abundance of tubificids using habitat characteristics from the three spatial extents: reach, habitat unit, and microhabitat. At the reach extent, tubificids were associated with low-reach slope and with slow water habitats. Within habitat units, tubificids were associated with higher percentages of fine sediments and higher stream width:depth ratios. In microhabitat cores, the presence of silt-clay sediments was positively associated with higher average stream width:depth ratios. Since ecological relationships are often scale dependent and stream systems have a natural hierarchy, predictive habitat models such as these that use measures from several scales may help researchers and managers more efficiently identify and quantify aquatic communities at highest risk of infection by the M. cerebralis parasite. C1 [Anlauf, Kara J.; Moffitt, Christine M.] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moffitt, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cmoffitt@uidaho.edu NR 50 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 603 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9255-2 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275RI UT WOS:000254088900011 ER PT J AU Mather, ME Parrish, DL Campbell, CA McMenemy, JR Smith, JM AF Mather, Martha E. Parrish, Donna L. Campbell, Cara A. McMenemy, James R. Smith, Joseph M. TI Summer temperature variation and implications for juvenile Atlantic salmon SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE global climate change; Salmo salar; thermal regime ID BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; STREAM TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER TEMPERATURE; COHO SALMON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; THERMAL TOLERANCE; CONNECTICUT RIVER; POPULATION-SIZE; CHINOOK SALMON AB Temperature is important to fish in determining their geographic distribution. For cool- and cold-water fish, thermal regimes are especially critical at the southern end of a species' range. Although temperature is an easy variable to measure, biological interpretation is difficult. Thus, how to determine what temperatures are meaningful to fish in the field is a challenge. Herein, we used the Connecticut River as a model system and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a model species with which to assess the effects of summer temperatures on the density of age 0 parr. Specifically, we asked: (1) What are the spatial and temporal temperature patterns in the Connecticut River during summer? (2) What metrics might detect effects of high temperatures? and (3) How is temperature variability related to density of Atlantic salmon during their first summer? Although the most southern site was the warmest, some northern sites were also warm, and some southern sites were moderately cool. This suggests localized, within basin variation in temperature. Daily and hourly means showed extreme values not apparent in the seasonal means. We observed significant relationships between age 0 parr density and days at potentially stressful, warm temperatures (>= 23 degrees C). Based on these results, we propose that useful field reference points need to incorporate the synergistic effect of other stressors that fish encounter in the field as well as the complexity associated with cycling temperatures and thermal refuges. Understanding the effects of temperature may aid conservation efforts for Atlantic salmon in the Connecticut River and other North Atlantic systems. C1 [Mather, Martha E.] Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Parrish, Donna L.] Univ Vermont, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources,Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Campbell, Cara A.] Leetown Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Branch, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [McMenemy, James R.] Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Springfield, VT 05156 USA. [Smith, Joseph M.] Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM mather@forwild.umass.edu OI Campbell, Cara/0000-0002-0018-0991 NR 71 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 603 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9271-2 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 275RI UT WOS:000254088900014 ER PT J AU Engle, MA Goff, F Jewett, DG Reller, GJ Bauman, JB AF Engle, Mark A. Goff, Fraser Jewett, David G. Reller, Gregory J. Bauman, Joel B. TI Application of environmental groundwater tracers at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, California, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Ordinary Session of the African-Ministers-Council-on-Water (AMCOW) CY MAY, 2007 CL Brazzaville, CONGO SP African Minist Council Water DE groundwater flow; stable isotopes; water budget; USA; hydrochemistry ID CLEAR LAKE; WATERS; POLLUTION; GEYSERS; BORON AB Boron, chloride, sulfate, delta D, delta O-18, and H-3 concentrations in surface water and groundwater samples from the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM), California, USA were used to examine geochemical processes and provide constraints on evaporation and groundwater flow. SBMM is an abandoned sulfur and mercury mine with an underlying hydrothermal system, adjacent to Clear Lake, California. Results for non-H-3 tracers (i.e., boron, chloride, sulfate, delta D, and delta O-18) identify contributions from six water types at SBMM. Processes including evaporation, mixing, hydrothermal water input and possible isotopic exchange with hydrothermal gases are also discerned. Tritium data indicate that hydrothermal waters and other deep groundwaters are likely pre-bomb (before similar to 1952) in age while most other waters were recharged after similar to 1990. A boron-based steady-state reservoir model of the Herman Impoundment pit lake indicates that 71-79% of its input is from meteoric water with the remainder from hydrothermal contributions. Results for groundwater samples from six shallow wells over a 6-month period for delta D and delta O-18 suggests that water from Herman Impoundment is diluted another 3% to more than 40% by infiltrating meteoric water, as it leaves the site. Results for this investigation show that environmental tracers are an effective tool to understand the SBMM hydrogeologic regime. C1 [Jewett, David G.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Goff, Fraser] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geol Geochem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Engle, Mark A.; Reller, Gregory J.; Bauman, Joel B.] Tetra Tech EM Inc, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Engle, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM engle@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 559 EP 573 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0240-7 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 289CM UT WOS:000255032600012 ER PT J AU Barnes, JW Brown, RH Soderblom, L Sotin, C Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Jaumann, R Beyer, RA Buratti, BJ Pitman, K Baines, KH Clark, R Nicholson, P AF Barnes, Jason W. Brown, Robert H. Soderblom, Laurence Sotin, Christophe Le Mouelic, Stephane Rodriguez, Sebastien Jaumann, Ralf Beyer, Ross A. Buratti, Bonnie J. Pitman, Karly Baines, Kevin H. Clark, Roger Nicholson, Phil TI Spectroscopy, morphometry, and photoclinometry of Titan's dunefields from Cassini/VIMS SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; geological processes; satellites; atmospheres; spectroscopy ID LONGITUDINAL DUNES; LANDING SITE; SURFACE; VIMS; RADAR; DIVERSITY; MARS AB Fine-resolution (500 m/pixel) Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) T20 observations of Titan resolve that moon's sand dunes. The spectral variability in some dune regions shows that there are sand-free interdune areas, wherein VIMS spectra reveal the exposed dune substrate. The interdunes from T20 are, variously, materials that correspond to the equatorial bright, 5-mu m-bright, and dark blue spectral units. Our observations show that an enigmatic "dark red" spectral unit seen in T5 in fact represents a macroscopic mixture with 5-mu m-bright material and dunes as its spectral endmembers. Looking more broadly, similar mixtures of varying amounts of dune and interdune units of varying composition can explain the spectral and albedo variability within the dark brown dune global spectral unit that is associated with dunes. The presence of interdunes indicates that Titan's dumefields are both mature and recently active. The spectrum of the dune endmember reveals the sand to be composed of less water ice than the rest of Titan; various organics are consistent with the dunes' measured reflectivity. We measure a mean dune spacing of 2.1 km, and find that the dunes are oriented on the average in an east-west direction, but angling up to 10 degrees from parallel to the equator in specific cases. Where no interdumes are present, we determine the height of one set of dunes photoclinometrically to be between 30 and 70 m. These results pave the way for future exploration and interpretation of Titan's sand dunes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnes, Jason W.; Beyer, Ross A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Soderblom, Laurence] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 85001 USA. [Sotin, Christophe; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Pitman, Karly; Baines, Kevin H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Le Mouelic, Stephane] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44322 Nantes 03, France. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Ctr Orme Merisiers, DAPNIA Sap, Ctr Etud Saclay, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Jaumann, Ralf] Inst Planetary Res, DLR, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Clark, Roger] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nicholson, Phil] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jason@barnesos.net RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016; OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641; Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335 NR 34 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2008 VL 195 IS 1 BP 400 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.006 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 295HR UT WOS:000255466100024 ER PT J AU Lunine, JI Elachi, C Wall, SD Janssen, MA Allison, MD Anderson, Y Boehmer, R Callahan, P Encrenaz, P Flamini, E Franceschetti, G Gim, Y Hamilton, G Hensley, S Johnson, WTK Kelleher, K Kirk, RL Lopes, RM Lorenz, R Muhleman, DO Orosei, R Ostro, SJ Paganelli, F Paillou, P Picardi, G Posa, F Radebaugh, J Roth, LE Seu, R Shaffer, S Soderblom, LA Stiles, B Stofan, ER Vetrella, S West, R Wood, CA Wye, L Zebker, H Alberti, G Karkoschka, E Rizk, B McFarlane, E See, C Kazeminejad, B AF Lunine, J. I. Elachi, C. Wall, S. D. Janssen, M. A. Allison, M. D. Anderson, Y. Boehmer, R. Callahan, P. Encrenaz, P. Flamini, E. Franceschetti, G. Gim, Y. Hamilton, G. Hensley, S. Johnson, W. T. K. Kelleher, K. Kirk, R. L. Lopes, R. M. Lorenz, R. Muhleman, D. O. Orosei, R. Ostro, S. J. Paganelli, F. Paillou, P. Picardi, G. Posa, F. Radebaugh, J. Roth, L. E. Seu, R. Shaffer, S. Soderblom, L. A. Stiles, B. Stofan, E. R. Vetrella, S. West, R. Wood, C. A. Wye, L. Zebker, H. Alberti, G. Karkoschka, E. Rizk, B. McFarlane, E. See, C. Kazeminejad, B. TI Titan's diverse landscapes as evidenced by Cassini RADAR's third and fourth looks at Titan SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; radar observations; satellites; surfaces; geological processes; geophysics ID SURFACE; ORIGIN; MAPPER; WINDS; LAKES AB Cassini's third and fourth radar flybys, T7 and T8, covered diverse terrains in the high southern and equatorial latitudes, respectively. The T7 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) swath is somewhat more straightforward to understand in terms of a progressive poleward descent from a high, dissected, and partly hilly terrain down to a low flat plain with embayments and deposits suggestive of the past or even current presence of hydrocarbon liquids. The T8 swath is dominated by dunes likely made of organic solids, but also contain somewhat enigmatic, probably tectonic, features that may be partly buried or degraded by erosion or relaxation in a thin crust. The dark areas in T7 show no dume morphology, unlike the dark areas in T8, but are radiometrically warm like the dunes. The Huygens landing site lies on the edge of the T8 swath; correlation of the radar and Huygens DISR images allows accurate determination of its coordinates, and indicates that to the north of the landing site sit two large longitudinal dunes. Indeed, had the Huygens probe trajectory been just 10 km north of where it actually was, images of large sand dunes would have been returned in place of the fluvially dissected terrain actually seen-illustrating the strong diversity of Titan's landscapes even at local scales. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lunine, J. I.; Lorenz, R.; Karkoschka, E.; Rizk, B.; McFarlane, E.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lunine, J. I.] INAF IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Lunine, J. I.; Elachi, C.; Wall, S. D.; Janssen, M. A.; Anderson, Y.; Boehmer, R.; Callahan, P.; Hamilton, G.; Hensley, S.; Johnson, W. T. K.; Kelleher, K.; Lopes, R. M.; Ostro, S. J.; Paganelli, F.; Roth, L. E.; West, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Allison, M. D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Encrenaz, P.] Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Flamini, E.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00131 Rome, Italy. [Franceschetti, G.] Fac Ingn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Muhleman, D. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Orosei, R.] CNR, IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Paillou, P.] Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Picardi, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Posa, F.] Politecn Bari, Dip Interateneo Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Posa, F.] Politecn Bari, INFM, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Radebaugh, J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Stofan, E. R.] Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA 20140 USA. [Wood, C. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wye, L.; Zebker, H.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Alberti, G.] CORISTA, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Kazeminejad, B.] German Space Operat Ctr, DLR, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. RP Lunine, JI (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jlunine@lpl.arizona.edu RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2008 VL 195 IS 1 BP 415 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.022 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 295HR UT WOS:000255466100025 ER PT J AU Holmgren, CA Rosello, E Latorre, C Betancourte, JL AF Holmgren, C. A. Rosello, E. Latorre, C. Betancourte, J. L. TI Late-Holocene fossil rodent middens from the Arica region of northernmost Chile SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Atacama Desert; holocene; paleovegetation; rodent middens ID ATACAMA DESERT; SOUTH-AMERICA; CENTRAL ANDES; VEGETATION HISTORY; CLIMATE HISTORY; LAKE-TITICACA; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; ALTIPLANO; RECORD AB Identification of > 40 taxa of plant macrofossils in 14 rodent (Abrocoma) middens collected from 2800 to 3590 m elevation at the latitude of Arica, Chile (18 degrees S) provide snapshots of vegetation in the northernmost Atacama Desert over the past 3000 years. Midden floras show considerable stability throughout the late Holocene, which may be due in part to the broad elevational ranges of many perennial species and midden insensitivity to changes in plant community structure. The greatest variability is found in annuals in the Prepuna, a climatically sensitive zone. This variability, however might also arise from the brevity of midden depositional episodes. As the first midden record from the Arica-Parinacota Region (Chile's northernmost administrative region), this study demonstrates the potential for future midden research in this area. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Holmgren, C. A.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geog, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Rosello, E.] Univ Tarapaca, Dept Arqueol & Museol, Arica, Chile. [Latorre, C.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, CASEB, Santiago, Chile. [Latorre, C.] IEB, Santiago, Chile. [Betancourte, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Holmgren, CA (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. EM holmgrca@buffalostate.edu RI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 5 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.09.003 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291HQ UT WOS:000255186900011 ER PT J AU Fernandez, DP Neff, JC Reynolds, RL AF Fernandez, D. P. Neff, J. C. Reynolds, R. L. TI Biogeochemical and ecological impacts of livestock grazing in semi-arid southeastern Utah, USA SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE magnetic susceptibility; Moran's index; nitrogen; soil organic carbon ID SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; DESERTIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; CARBON; AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENTS AB Relatively few studies have examined the ecological and biogeochemical effects of livestock grazing in southeastern Utah. In this study, we evaluated how grazing has affected soil organic carbon and nitrogen to a depth of 50 cm in grasslands located in relict and actively-grazed sites in the Canyonlands physiographic section of the Colorado Plateau. We also evaluated differences in plant ground cover and the spatial distribution of soil resources. Results show that areas used by domestic livestock have 20% less plant cover and 100% less soil organic carbon and nitrogen compared to relict sites browsed by native ungulates. In actively grazed sites, domestic livestock grazing also appears to lead to clustered, rather than random, spatial distribution of soil resources. Magnetic susceptibility, a proxy for soil stability in this region, suggests that grazing increases soil erosion leading to an increase in the area of nutrient-depleted bare ground. Overall, these results, combined with previous studies in the region, suggest that livestock grazing affects both plant cover and soil fertility with potential long-term implications for the sustainability of grazing operations in this semi-arid landscape. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fernandez, D. P.; Neff, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, J. C.; Reynolds, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Fernandez, DP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daniel.fernandez@colorado.edu; neffjc@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 46 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 5 BP 777 EP 791 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.009 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291HQ UT WOS:000255186900019 ER PT J AU Surratt, D Cherrier, J Robinson, L Cable, J AF Surratt, Donatto Cherrier, Jennifer Robinson, Larry Cable, Jaye TI Chronology of sediment nutrient geochemistry in Apalachicola Bay, Florida (USA) SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment; organic carbon; total nitrogen; total phosphorus; ecosystem history; carbon isotopes; nitrogen isotopes; nutrient sources; Apalachicola Bay ID RIVER-DOMINATED ESTUARY; ORGANIC-MATTER SOURCES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; SEA SEDIMENTS; C/N RATIOS; CARBON; NITROGEN AB Land use changes have been shown to alter the balance of nutrient and mineral sources and sinks to coastal systems. These shifts are often preserved in sediment records. In Apalachicola Bay, productivity is dependent on nutrient loading from the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) river basin; alterations to ACF watershed flow by management activities coupled with increased marine water inundation associated with rising sea level threaten this productivity. The objective of this research was to evaluate past changes in nutrient loading to Apalachicola Bay as recorded in sediment history and determine if these changes could be associated with both anthropogenic and natural alterations in the system. Sediment cores from three sites in the bay were collected and analyzed for organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and total phosphorus (P) concentrations and delta C-13 and delta N-15 stable isotopic abundances. The three sites are located at the river mouth (S1), mid-bay (S2), and in the northeastern region of the bay (S3). Carbon and nitrogen concentrations, ratios, and stable isotopes coupled with grain-size shifts for the bay suggest a decrease in river organic matter supply and a change in sediment clay content supply and/or distribution for the bay. Overall, the applied indicators suggest an increase in marine influence on the organic matter in the estuary. These shifts appear to be associated with Apalachicola River management practices coupled with sea-level rise in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Surratt, Donatto; Cherrier, Jennifer; Robinson, Larry] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Cable, Jaye] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Surratt, D (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 10216 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. EM Donatto_Surratt@fws.gov NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 660 EP 671 DI 10.2112/06-0717.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 304PG UT WOS:000256120800011 ER PT J AU Schram, FR Ahyong, ST Crandall, KA Gherardi, F Grygier, MJ Lavalli, KL Poore, G Rogers, DC Scholtz, G Simon, T Tamone, S Wicksten, M AF Schram, Frederick R. Ahyong, Shane T. Crandall, Keith A. Gherardi, Francesca Grygier, Mark J. Lavalli, Kari L. Poore, Gary Rogers, D. Christopher Scholtz, Gerhard Simon, Thomas Tamone, Sherry Wicksten, Mary TI Publication in The Journal of Crustacean Biology SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE formats; guidelines; standards; styles ID CRAB CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; FEMALE SIZE; N. SP; DECAPODA; SHRIMP; COMPETITION; AMPHIPODA; BRACHYURA; REMIPEDIA AB To facilitate submissions to the Journal of Crustacean Biology, we offer guidelines to provide some structure and advice to potential authors. Science is intrinsically fascinating, but scientists need to present their results in a way that conveys that fascination. Above all, JCB seeks submissions of interesting and readable papers with a strong evolutionary slant or other added value that maximizes their likely audience. The submission, review, and editorial process should facilitate this goal. C1 [Crandall, Keith A.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Gherardi, Francesca] Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Grygier, Mark J.] Lake Biwa Museum, Shiga 5250001, Japan. [Lavalli, Kari L.] Boston Univ, Div Nat Sci, CGS, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Poore, Gary] Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Rogers, D. Christopher] EcoAnalysts Inc, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. [Scholtz, Gerhard] Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol Vergleichende Zool, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Simon, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. [Tamone, Sherry] Univ Alaska SE, Dept Biol, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Wicksten, Mary] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Schram, FR (reprint author), POB 1569, Langley, WA 98260 USA. EM jcb@whidbey.com OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703; Crandall, Keith/0000-0002-0836-3389 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1651/0278-0372(2008)028[0197:PITJOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305DT UT WOS:000256158700001 ER PT J AU Bailey, JD Berardinelli, JG Rocke, TE Bessen, RA AF Bailey, J. D. Berardinelli, J. G. Rocke, T. E. Bessen, R. A. TI Prominent pancreatic endocrinopathy and altered control of food intake disrupt energy homeostasis in prion diseases SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCRAPIE-INDUCED OBESITY; TRANSMISSIBLE MINK ENCEPHALOPATHY; ISLET HORMONE-SECRETION; HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; INFECTED MICE; 139H STRAIN; HAMSTERS; INSULIN; PROTEIN AB Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can induce endocrinopathies. The basis of altered endocrine function in prion diseases is not well understood, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship between energy homeostasis and prion infection in balusters inoculated with either the 139H strain of scrapie agent, which induces preclinical weight gain, or the HY strain of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), which induces clinical weight loss. Temporal changes in body weight, feed, and water intake were measured as well as both non-fasted and fasted concentrations of serum glucose, insulin, glucagon, beta-ketones, and leptin. In 139H scrapie-infected banisters, polydipsia, hyperphagia, non-fasted hyperinsulinemia with hyperglycemia, and fasted hyperleptinemia were found at preclinical stages and are consistent with all anabolic syndrome that his similarities to type II diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome X. In HY TME-infected hamsters, hypodipsia, I p hypersecretion of glucagon (in both non-fasted and fasted states), increased fasted beta-ketones, fasted hypoglycemia, and suppressed non-fasted leptin concentrations were found while feed intake was normal. These findings suggest a severe catabolic syndrome in HY TME infection mediated by chronic increases in glucagon secretion. In both models, alterations of pancreatic endocrine function were not associated with PrPSc deposition in the pancreas. The results indicate that prominent endocrilnepathy underlies alterations in body weight, pancreatic endocrine function, and intake of food. The prion-induced alterations of energy homeostasis in 139H scrapie- or HY TME-infected balusters could occur within areas of the hypothalamus that control food satiety and/or within autonomic centers that provide neural outflow to the pancreas. C1 [Bailey, J. D.; Bessen, R. A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Vet Mol Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Berardinelli, J. G.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rocke, T. E.] USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Bessen, RA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Vet Mol Biol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM rbessen@montana.edu OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR-020185-01] NR 55 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 197 IS 2 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1677/JOE-07-0516 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 302PL UT WOS:000255980600007 PM 18434355 ER PT J AU Capel, PD McCarthy, KA Barbash, JE AF Capel, Paul D. McCarthy, Kathleen A. Barbash, Jack E. TI National, holistic, watershed-scale approach to understand the sources, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; LOADS AB This paper is an introduction to the following series of papers that report on in-depth investigations that have been conducted at five agricultural study areas across the United States in order to gain insights into how environmental processes and agricultural practices interact to determine the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in the environment. These are the first study areas in an ongoing national study. The study areas were selected, based on the combination of cropping patterns and hydrologic setting, as representative of nationally important agricultural settings to form a basis for extrapolation to unstudied areas. The holistic, watershed-scale study design that involves multiple environmental compartments and that employs both field observations and simulation modeling is presented. This paper introduces the overall study design and presents an overview of the hydrology of the five study areas. C1 [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [McCarthy, Kathleen A.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Capel, PD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 122 Civil Engn Bldg,500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM capel@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 983 EP 993 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0226 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400031 PM 18453422 ER PT J AU Green, CT Puckett, LJ Bohlke, JK Bekins, BA Phillips, SP Kauffman, LJ Denver, JM Johnson, HM AF Green, Christopher T. Puckett, Larry J. Bohlke, John Karl Bekins, Barbara A. Phillips, Steven P. Kauffman, Leon J. Denver, Judith M. Johnson, Henry M. TI Limited occurrence of denitrification in four shallow aquifers in agricultural areas of the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL OUTWASH AQUIFER; STREAM RIPARIAN ZONES; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; SANDY AQUIFER; NATURAL DENITRIFICATION; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; REDOX PROCESSES; SATURATED ZONE; ORGANIC-CARBON AB The ability of natural attenuation to mitigate agricultural nitrate contamination in recharging aquifers was investigated in four important agricultural settings in the United States. The study used laboratory analyses, field measurements, and flow and transport modeling for monitoring well transects (0.5 to 2.5 km in length) in the San Joaquin watershed, California, the Elkhorn watershed, Nebraska, the Yakima watershed, Washington, Maryland. Ground water analyses and the Chester watershed, included major ion chemistry, dissolved gases, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, and estimates of recharge date. Sediment analyses included potential electron donors and stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes. Within each site and among aquifer-based medians, dissolved oxygen decreases with ground water age, and excess N-2 from denitrification increases with age. Stable isotopes and excess N-2 imply minimal denitrifying activity at the Maryland and Washington sites, partial denitrification at the California site, and total denitrification across portions of the Nebraska site. At all sites, recharging electron donor concentrations are not sufficient to account for the losses of dissolved oxygen and nitrate, implying that relict, solid phase electron donors :1 drive redox reactions. Zero-order rates of denitrification range from 0 to 0.14 mu mol N L(-1)d(-1), comparable to observations of other studies using the same methods. Many values reported in the literature are, however, orders of magnitude higher, which is attributed to a combination of method limitations and bias for selection of sites with rapid denitrification. In the shallow aquifers below these agricultural fields, denitrification is limited in extent and will require residence times of decades or longer to mitigate modern nitrate contamination. C1 [Green, Christopher T.; Bekins, Barbara A.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Puckett, Larry J.; Bohlke, John Karl] USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Phillips, Steven P.] USGS, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Kauffman, Leon J.] USGS, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Denver, Judith M.] USGS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Johnson, Henry M.] USGS, Portland, OR 97216 USA. RP Green, CT (reprint author), USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ctgreen@usgs.gov NR 83 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 994 EP 1009 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0419 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400032 PM 18453423 ER PT J AU Essaid, HI Zamora, CM McCarthy, KA Vogel, JR Wilson, JT AF Essaid, Hedeff I. Zamora, Celia M. McCarthy, Kathleen A. Vogel, Jason R. Wilson, John T. TI Using heat to characterize streambed water flux variability in four stream reaches SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEEPAGE FLUXES; TIME-SERIES; TEMPERATURE; SEDIMENTS; ZONE; DENITRIFICATION; DISCHARGE; NITRATE; TRACER; CREEK AB Estimates of streambed water flux are needed for the interpretation of streambed chemistry and reactions. Continuous temperature and head monitoring in stream reaches within four agricultural watersheds (Leary Weber Ditch, IN; Maple Creek, NE; DR2 Drain, WA; and Merced River, CA) allowed heat to be used as a tracer to Study the temporal and spatial variability of fluxes through the streambed. Synoptic methods (seepage meter and differential discharge measurements) were compared with estimates obtained by using heat as a tracer. Water flux was estimated by modeling one-dimensional vertical flow of water and heat using the model VS2DH Flux was influenced by physical heterogeneity of the stream channel and temporal variability in stream and ground-water levels. During most of the study period (April-December 2004), flux was upward through the streambeds. At the IN, NE, and CA sites, high-stage events resulted in rapid reversal of flow direction inducing short-term surface-water flow into the streambed. During late summer at the IN site, regional ground-water levels dropped, leading to surface-water loss to ground water that resulted in drying of the ditch. Synoptic measurements of flux generally supported the model flux estimates. Water flow through the streambed was roughly an order of magnitude larger in the humid basins (IN and NE) than in the and basins (WA and CA). Downward flux, in response to sudden high strearnflows, and seasonal variability in flux was most pronounced in the humid basins and in high conductivity zones in the streambed. C1 [Essaid, Hedeff I.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Zamora, Celia M.] USGS, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [McCarthy, Kathleen A.] USGS, Portland, OR 97216 USA. [Vogel, Jason R.] USGS, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. [Wilson, John T.] USGS, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. RP Essaid, HI (reprint author), USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hiessaid@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1023 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0448 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400033 PM 18453424 ER PT J AU Alvarez, DA Cranor, WL Perkins, SD Clark, RC Smith, SB AF Alvarez, David A. Cranor, Walter L. Perkins, Stephanie D. Clark, Randal C. Smith, Steven B. TI Chemical and toxicologic assessment of organic contaminants in surface water using passive samplers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; IN-VITRO; PHARMACEUTICALS; EFFLUENTS; TOXICITY; PRODUCTS; HORMONES; STREAMS; SPMDS AB Passive sampling methodologies were used to conduct a chemical and toxicologic assessment of organic contaminants in the surface waters of three geographically distinct agricultural watersheds. A selection of current-use agrochemicals and persistent organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides, were targeted using the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and the semipermeable membrane device passive samplers. In addition to the chemical analysis, the Microtox assay for acute toxicity and the yeast estrogen screen (YES) were conducted as potential assessment tools in combination with the passive samplers. During the spring of 2004, the passive samplers were deployed for 29 to 65 d at Leary Weber Ditch, IN; Morgan Creek, MD; and DR2 Drain, WA. Chemical analysis of the sampler extracts identified the agrochemicals predominantly used in those areas, including atrazine, simazine, acetochlor, and metolachlor. Other chemicals identified included deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine, trifluralin, fluoranthene, pyrene, cis- and trans-nonachlor, and pentachloroanisole. Screening using Microtox resulted in no acutely toxic samples. POCIS samples screened by the YES assay failed to elicit a positive estrogenic response. C1 [Alvarez, David A.; Cranor, Walter L.; Perkins, Stephanie D.; Clark, Randal C.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Smith, Steven B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Alvarez, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM dalvarez@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1024 EP 1033 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0463 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400034 PM 18453425 ER PT J AU Puckett, LJ Zamora, C Essaid, H Wilson, JT Johnson, HM Brayton, MJ Vogel, JR AF Puckett, Larry J. Zamora, Celia Essaid, Hedeff Wilson, John T. Johnson, Henry M. Brayton, Michael J. Vogel, Jason R. TI Transport and fate of nitrate at the ground-water/surface-water interface SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HYPORHEIC ZONE; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; STREAMBED TOPOGRAPHY; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; SURFACE-WATER; UNITED-STATES; DENITRIFICATION; NITROGEN AB Although numerous studies of hyporheic exchange and denitrification have been conducted in pristine, high-gradient streams, few studies of this type have been conducted in nutrient-rich, low-gradient streams. This is a particularly important subject given the interest in nitrogen (N) inputs to the Gulf of Mexico and other eutrophic aquatic systems. A combination of hydrologic, mineralogical, chemical, dissolved gas, and isotopic data were used to determine the processes controlling transport and fate of NO(3)(-) in streambeds at five sites across the USA. Water samples were collected from streambeds at depths ranging from 0.3 to 3 m at three to five points across the stream and in two to five separate transects. Residence times of water ranging from 0.28 to 34.7 d m(-1) in the streambeds of N-rich watersheds played an important role in allowing denitrification to decrease NO(3)(-) concentrations. Where potential electron donors were limited and residence times were short, denitrification was limited. Consequently, in spite of reducing conditions at some sites, NO 3 Was transported into the stream. At two of the five study sites, NO(3)(-) in surface water infiltrated the streambeds and concentrations decreased, supporting current models that NO(3)(-) would be retained in N-rich streams. At the other three study sites, hydrogeologic controls limited or prevented infiltration of surface water into the streambed, and ground-water discharge contributed to NO(3)(-) loads. Our results also show that in these low hydrologic-gradient systems, storm and other high-flow events can be important factors for increasing surface-water movement into streambeds. C1 [Puckett, Larry J.] USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Zamora, Celia] USGS, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Essaid, Hedeff] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. [Johnson, Henry M.] USGS, Portland, OR 97216 USA. [Wilson, John T.] USGS, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Brayton, Michael J.] USGS, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. [Vogel, Jason R.] USGS, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. RP Puckett, LJ (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lpuckett@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1034 EP 1050 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0550 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400035 PM 18453426 ER PT J AU Fisher, LH Healy, RW AF Fisher, Lawrence H. Healy, Richard W. TI Water movement within the unsaturated zone in four agricultural areas of the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; TRANSPORT; RECHARGE; PRAIRIE; TRACER; FATE AB Millions of tons of agricultural fertilizer and pesticides are applied annually in the USA. Due to the potential for these chemicals to migrate to groundwater, a study was conducted in 2004 using field data to calculate water budgets, rates of groundwater recharge and times of water travel through the unsaturated zone and to identify factors that influence these phenomena. Precipitation was the only water input at sites in Indiana and Maryland; irrigation accounted for about 80% of total water input at sites in California and Washington. Recharge at the Indiana site (47.5 cm) and at the Maryland site (31.5 cm) were equivalent to 51 and 32%, respectively, of annual precipitation and occurred between growing seasons. Recharge at the California site (42.3 cm) and Washington site (11.9 cm) occurred in response to irrigation events and was about 29 and 13% of total water input, respectively. Average residence time of water in the unsaturated zone, calculated using a piston-flow approach, ranged from less than 1 yr at the Indiana site to more than 8 yr at the Washington site. Results of bromide tracer tests indicate that at three of the four sites, a fraction of the water applied at land surface may have traveled to the water table in less than 1 yr. The timing and intensity of precipitation and irrigation were the dominant factors controlling recharge, suggesting that the time of the year at which chemicals are applied may be important for chemical transport through the unsaturated zone. C1 [Fisher, Lawrence H.] USGS, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Healy, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fisher, LH (reprint author), USGS, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM lhfisher@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1051 EP 1063 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0561 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400036 PM 18453427 ER PT J AU Bayless, ER Capel, PD Barbash, JE Webb, RMT Hancock, TLC Lampe, DC AF Bayless, E. Randall Capel, Paul D. Barbash, Jack E. Webb, Richard M. T. Hancock, Tracy L. Connell Lampe, David C. TI Simulated fate and transport of metolachlor in the unsaturated zone, Maryland, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; FIELD-MEASURED DATA; ACID METABOLITES; SOIL; ATRAZINE; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; PERSISTENCE; HERBICIDES; ALACHLOR AB An unsaturated-zone transport model was used to examine the transport and fate of metolachlor applied to an agricultural site in Maryland, USA. The study site was instrumented to collect data on soil-water content, soil-water potential, ground water levels, major ions, pesticides, and nutrients from the unsaturated zone during 2002-2004. The data set was enhanced with site-specific information describing weather, soils, and agricultural practices. The Root Zone Water Quality Model was used to simulate physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring in the unsaturated zone. Model calibration to bromide tracer concentrations indicated flow occurred through the soil matix. Simulated recharge rates were within the measured range of values. The pesticide transport model was calibrated to the intensive data collection period (2002-2004), and the calibrated model was then used to simulate the period 1984 through 2004 to examine the impact of sustained agricultural management practices on the concentrations of metolachlor and its degradates at the study site. Simulation results indicated that metolachlor degrades rapidly in the root zone but that the degradates are transported to depth in measurable quantities. Simulations indicated that degradate transport is strongly related to the duration of sustained use of metotachlor and the extent of biodegradation. C1 [Bayless, E. Randall; Lampe, David C.] USGS, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] USGS, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Barbash, Jack E.] USGS, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Webb, Richard M. T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hancock, Tracy L. Connell] USGS, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. RP Bayless, ER (reprint author), USGS, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM ebayless@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1064 EP 1072 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0562 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400037 PM 18453428 ER PT J AU Green, CT Fisher, LH Bekins, BA AF Green, Christopher T. Fisher, Lawrence H. Bekins, Barbara A. TI Nitrogen fluxes through unsaturated zones in five agricultural settings across the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GAS-WATER INTERFACE; VADOSE ZONE; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; SOILS; FATE AB The main physical and chemical controls on nitrogen (N) fluxes between the root zone and the water table were determined for agricultural sites in California, Indiana, Maryland, Nebraska, and Washington from 2004 to 2005. Sites included irrigated and nonirrigated fields; soil textures ranging from clay to sand; crops including corn, soybeans, almonds, and pasture; and unsaturated zone thicknesses ranging from 1 to 22 m. Chemical analyses of water from lysimeters and shallow wells indicate that advective transport of nitrate is the dominant process affecting the flux of N below the root zone. Vertical profiles of (i) nitrogen species, (ii) stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen, and (iii) oxygen, N, and argon in unsaturated zone air and correlations between N and other agricultural chemicals indicate that reactions do not greatly affect N concentrations between the root zone and the capillary fringe. As a result, physical factors, such as N application rate water inputs, and evapotranspiration, control the differences in concentrations among the sites. Concentrations of N in shallow lysimeters exhibit seasonal variation, whereas concentrations in lysimeters deeper than a few meters are relatively stable. Based on concentration and recharge estimates, fluxes of N through the deep unsaturated zone range from 7 to 99 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). Vertical fluxes of N in ground water are lower due to spatial and historical changes in N inputs. High N fluxes are associated with coarse sediments and high N application rates. C1 [Green, Christopher T.; Bekins, Barbara A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Fisher, Lawrence H.] US Geol Survey, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Green, CT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ctgreen@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1073 EP 1085 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400038 PM 18453429 ER PT J AU Hancock, TC Sandstrom, MW Vogel, JR Webb, RMT Bayless, ER Barbash, JE AF Hancock, Tracy C. Sandstrom, Mark W. Vogel, Jason R. Webb, Richard M. T. Bayless, E. Randall Barbash, Jack E. TI Pesticide fate and transport throughout unsaturated zones in five agricultural settings, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATED FILTER STRIP; CULTIVATED SOIL; ATRAZINE; METOLACHLOR; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; DEETHYLATRAZINE; GROUNDWATER; METABOLITES; CHEMICALS AB Pesticide transport through the unsaturated zone is a function of chemical and soil characteristics, application, and water recharge rate. The fate and transport of 82 pesticides and degradates were investigated at five different agricultural sites. Atrazine and metolachlor, as well as several of the degradates of atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and alachlor, were frequently detected in soil water during the 2004 growing season, and degradates were generally more abundant than parent compounds. Metolachlor and atrazine were applied at a Nebraska site the same year as sampling, and focused recharge coupled with the short time since application resulted in their movement in the unsaturated zone 9 M below the surface. At other sites where the herbicides were applied 1 to 2 yr before sampling, only degradates were found in soil water. Transformations of herbicides were evident with depth and during the 4-mo sampling time and reflected the faster degradation of metolachlor oxanilic acid and persistence of metolachor ethanesulfonic acid. The fraction of metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid relative to metolachlor and metolachlor oxanilic acid increased from 0.3 to >0.9 at a site in Maryland where the unsaturated zone was 5 m deep and from 0.3 to 0.5 at the shallowest depth. The flux of pesticide degradates from the deepest sites to the shallow ground water was greatest (3.0-4.9 mu mol m(-2) yr(-1)) where upland recharge or focused flow moved the most water through the unsaturated zone. Flux estimates based on estimated recharge rates and measured concentrations were in agreement with fluxes estimated using an unsaturated-zone computer model (LEACHM). C1 [Hancock, Tracy C.] US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. [Sandstrom, Mark W.; Webb, Richard M. T.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Vogel, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. [Bayless, E. Randall] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Hancock, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1730 E Parham Rd, Richmond, VA 23228 USA. EM thancock@usgs.gov RI Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; OI Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 NR 42 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1086 EP 1100 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0024 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400039 PM 18453430 ER PT J AU Vogel, JR Majewski, MS Capel, PD AF Vogel, Jason R. Majewski, Michael S. Capel, Paul D. TI Pesticides in rain in four agricultural watersheds in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; WET DEPOSITION; PRECIPITATION; AIR; TRIFLURALIN; TRANSFORMATION; PHOTOLYSIS AB Rainfall samples were collected during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons at four agricultural locales across the USA in Maryland, Indiana, Nebraska, and California. The samples were analyzed for 21 insecticides, 18 herbicides, three fungicides, and 40 pesticide degradates. Data from all sites combined show that 7 of the 10 most frequently detected pesticides were herbicides, with atrazine (70%) and metolachlor (83%) detected at every site. Dacthal, acetochlor, simazine, alachlor, and pendimethalin were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and diazinon were the only insecticides among the 10 most frequently detected compounds. Of the remaining pesticide parent compounds, 18 were detected in fewer than 30% of the samples, and 13 were not detected. The most frequently detected degradates were deethylatrazine; the oxygen analogs (OAs) of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion; and 1-napthol (degradate of carbaryl). Deethylatrazine was detected in nearly 70% of the samples collected in Maryland, Indiana, and Nebraska but was detected only once in California. The OAs of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were detected primarily in California. Degradates of the acetanilide herbicides were rarely detected in rain, indicating that they are not formed in the atmosphere or readily volatilized from soils. Herbicides accounted for 91 to 98% of the total pesticide mass deposited by rain except in California, where insecticides accounted for 61% in 2004. The mass of pesticides deposited by rainfall was estimated to be less than 2% of the total applied in these agricultural areas. C1 [Vogel, Jason R.] US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. [Majewski, Michael S.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Vogel, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5231 S 19th St, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. EM jrvogel@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1101 EP 1115 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0079 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400040 PM 18453431 ER PT J AU Steele, GV Johnson, HM Sandstrom, MW Capel, PD Barbash, JE AF Steele, Gregory V. Johnson, Henry M. Sandstrom, Mark W. Capel, Paul D. Barbash, Jack E. TI Occurrence and fate of pesticides in four contrasting agricultural settings in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; CENTRAL INDIANA; FLOW PATHS; SOIL DEPTH; DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDES; METOLACHLOR; METABOLITES; TRANSPORT AB Occurrence and fate of 45 pesticides and 40 pesticide degradates were investigated in four contrasting agricultural settings-in Maryland, Nebraska, California, and Washington. Primary crops included corn at all sites, soybeans in Maryland, orchards in California and Washington, and vineyards in Washington. Pesticides and pesticide degradates detected in water samples from all four areas were predominantly from two classes of herbicides-triazines and chloroacetanilides; insecticides and fungicides were not present in the shallow ground water. In most samples, pesticide degradates greatly exceeded the concentrations of parent pesticide. In samples from Nebraska, the parent pesticide atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] was about the same concentration as the degradate, but in samples from Maryland and California atrazine concentrations were substantially smaller than its degradate. Simazine [6-chloroN,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], the second most detected triazine, was detected in ground water from Maryland, California, and Washington. Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylediyl)acetamide] rarely was detected without its degradates, and when they were detected in the same sample metolachlor always had smaller concentrations. The Root-Zone Water-Quality Model was used to examine the occurrence and fate of metolachlor at the Maryland site. Simulations accurately predicted which metolachlor degradate would be predominant in the unsaturated zone. In analyses of relations among redox indicators and pesticide variance, apparent age, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and excess nitrogen gas (from denitrification) were important indicators of the presence and concentration of pesticides in these ground water systems. C1 [Steele, Gregory V.] US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. [Johnson, Henry M.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Sandstrom, Mark W.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Capel, Paul D.] US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Steele, GV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5231 South 19th st, Lincoln, NE 68512 USA. EM gvsteele@usgs.gov RI Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; OI Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 NR 56 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1116 EP 1132 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0166 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400041 PM 18453432 ER PT J AU Duff, JH Tesoriero, AJ Richardson, WB Strauss, EA Munn, MD AF Duff, John H. Tesoriero, Anthony J. Richardson, William B. Strauss, Eric A. Munn, Mark D. TI Whole-stream response to nitrate loading in three streams draining agricultural landscapes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; HEADWATER STREAMS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; UNITED-STATES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; WATER EXCHANGE AB Physical, chemical, hydrologic, and biologic factors affecting nitrate (NO3- removal were evaluated in three agricultural streams draining orchard/dairy and row crop settings' Using 3-d "snapshots" during biotically active periods, we estimated reach-level NO3- sources, NO3- mass balance, in-stream processing (nitrification, denitrification, and NO3- uptake), and NO,retention potential associated with surface water transport and ground water discharge. Ground water contributed 5 to 11% to stream discharge along the study reaches and 8 to 42% of gross NO input. Streambed processes potentially reduced 45 to 75% of ground water NO3- before discharge to surface water. In all streams, transient Storage was of little importance for surface water NO3- retention. Estimated nitrification (1.6-4.4 mg N m(-2) h(-1)) and unamended denitrification rates (2.0-16.3 mg N m(-2) h(-1)) in sediment slurries were high relative to pristine streams. Denitrification of NO3- was largely independent of nitrification because both stream and ground water were sources of NO 3 Unamended denitrification rates extrapolated to the reach-scale accounted for <5% of NO3- exported from the reaches minimally reducing downstream loads. Nitrate retention as a percentage of gross NO3- inputs was >30% in an organic-poor, autotrophic stream with the lowest denitrification potentials and highest benthic chlorophyll a, photosynthesis/respiration ratio, PH, dissolved oxygen, and diurnal NO3- variation. Biotic processing potentially removed 75% of ground water NO3- at this site, suggesting an important role for photosynthetic assimilation of ground water NO3- relative to subsurface denitrification i as water passed directly through benthic diatom beds. C1 [Duff, John H.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tesoriero, Anthony J.] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR USA. [Richardson, William B.] US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI USA. [Strauss, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Munn, Mark D.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Duff, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jhduff@usgs.gov RI Strauss, Eric/G-3368-2013 OI Strauss, Eric/0000-0002-3134-2535 NR 65 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1133 EP 1144 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0187 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400042 PM 18453433 ER PT J AU Webb, RMT Wieczorek, ME Nolan, BT Hancock, TC Sandstrom, MW Barbash, JE Bayless, ER Healy, RW Linard, J AF Webb, Richard M. T. Wieczorek, Michael E. Nolan, Bernard T. Hancock, Tracy C. Sandstrom, Mark W. Barbash, Jack E. Bayless, E. Randall Healy, Richard W. Linard, Joshua TI Variations in pesticide leaching related to land use, pesticide properties, and unsaturated zone thickness SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ATRAZINE; SOILS; DEGRADATION; SORPTION; PLAIN AB Pesticide leaching through variably thick soils beneath agricultural fields in Morgan Creek, Maryland was simulated for water years 1995 to 2004 using LEACHM (Leaching Estimation and Chemistry Model). Fifteen individual models were constructed to simulate five depths and three crop rotations with associated pesticide applications. Unsaturated zone thickness averaged 4.7 m but reached a maximum of 18.7 m. Average annual recharge to ground water decreased from 15.9 to 11.1 cm as the unsaturated zone increased in thickness from 1 to 10 m. These point estimates of recharge are at the lower end of previously published values, which used methods that integrate over larger areas capturing focused recharge in the numerous detention ponds in the watershed. The total amount of applied and leached masses for five parent pesticide compounds and seven metabolites were estimated for the 32-km(2) Morgan Creek watershed by associating each hectare to the closest one-dimensional model analog of model depth and crop rotation scenario as determined from land-use surveys. LEACHM parameters were set such that branched, serial, first-order decay of pesticides and metabolites was realistically simulated. Leaching is predicted to be greatest for shallow soils and for persistent compounds with low sorptivity. Based on simulation results, percent parent compounds leached within the watershed can be described by a regression model of the form e(-depth) (ablnt(1/2) - bln K-OC) where t(1/2) is the degradation half-life in aerobic soils, K., is the organic carbon normalized sorption coefficient, and a and b are fitted coefficients (R-2 = 0.86, P value= 7 X 10(-9)). C1 [Webb, Richard M. T.; Sandstrom, Mark W.; Healy, Richard W.; Linard, Joshua] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Wieczorek, Michael E.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. [Nolan, Bernard T.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Hancock, Tracy C.] US Geol Survey, Richmond, VA USA. [Barbash, Jack E.] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA. [Bayless, E. Randall] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Webb, RMT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rmwebb@usgs.gov RI Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; OI Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1145 EP 1157 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0245 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400043 PM 18453434 ER PT J AU Domagalski, JL Ator, S Coupe, R McCarthy, K Lampe, D Sandstrom, M Baker, N AF Domagalski, Joseph L. Ator, Scott Coupe, Richard McCarthy, Kathleen Lampe, David Sandstrom, Mark Baker, Nancy TI Comparative study of transport processes of nitrogen, phosphorus, and herbicides to streams in five agricultural basins, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN RIVER; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SURFACE WATERS; GROUNDWATER; NITRATE; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA; ILLINOIS; BEHAVIOR; EXPORT AB Agricultural chemical transport to surface water and the linkage to other hydrological compartments, principally ground water, was investigated at five watersheds in semiarid to humid climatic settings. Chemical transport was affected by storm water runoff, soil drainage, irrigation, and how streams were linked to shallow ground water systems. Irrigation practices and timing of chemical use greatly affected nutrient and pesticide transport in the semiarid basins. Irrigation with imported water tended to increase ground water and chemical transport, whereas the use of locally pumped irrigation water may eliminate connections between streams and ground water, resulting in lower annual loads. Drainage pathways in humid environments are important because the loads may be transported in tile drains, or through varying combinations of ground water discharge, and overland flow. In most cases, overland flow contributed the greatest loads, but a significant portion of the annual load of nitrate and some pesticide degradates can be transported under base-flow conditions. The highest basin yields for nitrate were measured in a semiarid irrigated system that used imported water and in a stream dominated by tile drainage in a humid environment. Pesticide loads, as a percent of actual use (LAPU), showed the effects of climate and geohydrologic conditions. The LAPU values in the semiarid study basin in Washington were generally low because most of the load was transported in ground water discharge to the stream. When herbicides are applied during the rainy season in a semiarid setting, such as simazine in the California basin, LAPU values are similar to those in the Midwest basins. C1 [Domagalski, Joseph L.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Ator, Scott] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. [Coupe, Richard] US Geol Survey, Jackson, MS 39208 USA. [McCarthy, Kathleen] US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. [Lampe, David; Baker, Nancy] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Sandstrom, Mark] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Domagalski, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM joed@usgs.gov RI Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; OI Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1158 EP 1169 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0408 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400044 PM 18453435 ER PT J AU Seed, RB Bea, RG Athanasopoulos-Zekkos, A Boutwell, GP Bray, JD Cheung, C Cobos-Roa, D Cohen-Waeber, J Collins, BD Harder, LF Kayen, RE Pestana, JM Riemer, MF Rogers, JD Storesund, R Vera-Grunauer, X Wartman, J AF Seed, R. B. Bea, R. G. Athanasopoulos-Zekkos, A. Boutwell, G. P. Bray, J. D. Cheung, C. Cobos-Roa, D. Cohen-Waeber, J. Collins, B. D. Harder, L. F., Jr. Kayen, R. E. Pestana, J. M. Riemer, M. F. Rogers, J. D. Storesund, R. Vera-Grunauer, X. Wartman, J. TI New Orleans and Hurricane Katrina. IV: Orleans East Bank (Metro) protected basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper addresses damage caused by Hurricane Katrina to the main Orleans East Bank protected basin. This basin represented the heart of New Orleans, and contained the main downtown area, the historic French Quarter, the Garden District, and the sprawling Lakefront and Canal Districts. Nearly half of the loss of life during this hurricane, and a similar fraction of the overall damages, occurred in this heavily populated basin. There are a number of important geotechnical lessons, as well as geo-forensic lessons, associated with the flooding of this basin. These include the difficulties associated with the creation and operation of regional-scale flood protection systems requiring federal and local cooperation and funding over prolonged periods of time. There are also a number of engineering and policy lessons regarding (1) the accuracy and reliability of current analytical methods; (2) the shortcomings and potential dangers involved in decisions that reduced short-term capital outlays in exchange for increased risk of potential system failures; (3) the difficulties associated with integrating local issues with a flood risk reduction project; and (4) the need to design and maintain levees as systems; with each of the many individual project elements being required to mesh seamlessly. These lessons are of interest and importance for similar flood protection systems throughout numerous other regions of the United States and the world. C1 [Seed, R. B.; Athanasopoulos-Zekkos, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boutwell, G. P.] Ardaman & Associates, Baton Rouge, LA 70810 USA. [Cheung, C.] PB Amer Inc, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [Cobos-Roa, D.] URS Corp, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Cohen-Waeber, J.] Goesyntec Consultants, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Collins, B. D.; Kayen, R. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Harder, L. F., Jr.] HDR Inc, Folsom, CA USA. [Rogers, J. D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Storesund, R.] Rune Storesund, Albany, CA 94706 USA. [Vera-Grunauer, X.] CVA Consulting Grp, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Wartman, J.] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Seed, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 134 IS 5 BP 762 EP 779 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:5(762) PG 18 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 291OY UT WOS:000255207900016 ER PT J AU Friedel, MJ Smith, ME Chica, AME Litke, D AF Friedel, Michael J. Smith, Mark E. Chica, Adriana M. Erazo Litke, David TI Probable flood predictions in ungauged coastal basins of El Salvador SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Research Methodology in Hydrology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2005 CL Hohai Univ, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP State Key Lab Hydrol, Water Resources & Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn Sci, Wuhan Univ, Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, Bur Hydrol, Minist Water Resources, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Int Training & Res Ctr Hydrol, Water Resources & Environm, UNESCO, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto Univ, MEXT Special Coordinat Funds Promoting Sci & Technol HO Hohai Univ ID MONTHLY WATER-BALANCE; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; MODEL; CALIBRATION; UNCERTAINTY; CATCHMENT; REGIONALIZATION; VALIDATION AB A regionalization procedure is presented and used to predict probable flooding in four ungauged coastal river basins of El Salvador: Paz, Jiboa, Grande de San Miguel, and Goascoran. The flood-prediction problem is sequentially solved for two regions: upstream mountains and downstream alluvial plains. In the upstream mountains, a set of rainfall-runoff parameter values and recurrent peak-flow discharge hydrographs are simultaneously estimated for 20 tributary-basin models. Application of dissimilarity equations among tributary basins (soft prior information) permitted development of a parsimonious parameter structure subject to information content in the recurrent peak-flow discharge values derived using regression equations based on measurements recorded outside the ungauged study basins. The estimated joint set of parameter values formed the basis from which probable minimum and maximum peak-flow discharge limits were then estimated revealing that prediction uncertainty increases with basin size. In the downstream alluvial plain, model application of the estimated minimum and maximum peak-flow hydrographs facilitated simulation of probable 100-year flood-flow depths in confined canyons and across unconfined coastal alluvial plains. The regionalization procedure provides a tool for hydrologic risk assessment and flood protection planning that is not restricted to the case presented herein. C1 [Friedel, Michael J.; Smith, Mark E.; Litke, David] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Chica, Adriana M. Erazo] Sevicio Nacl Estudios Territoriales, San Salvador, El Salvador. RP Friedel, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mfriedel@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 BP 321 EP 332 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:5(321) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 292EP UT WOS:000255249600006 ER PT J AU Rochlin, I Harding, K Ginsberg, HS Campbell, SR AF Rochlin, I. Harding, K. Ginsberg, H. S. Campbell, S. R. TI Comparative analysis of distribution and abundance of West Nile and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus vectors in Suffolk County, New York, using human population density and land use/cover data SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquito vectors; urban; rural; GIS; West Nile virus ID ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT SEGREGATION; AEDES-SOLLICITANS; NEW-JERSEY; CULICIDAE; CULEX; SURVEILLANCE; CONNECTICUT AB Five years of CDC light trap data from Suffolk County, NY, were analyzed to compare the applicability of human population density (HPD) and land use/cover (LUC) classification systems to describe mosquito abundance and to determine whether certain mosquito species of medical importance tend to be more common in urban (defined by HPD) or residential (defined by LUC) areas. Eleven study sites were categorized as urban or rural using U.S. Census Bureau data and by LUC types using geographic information systems (GISs). Abundance and percent composition of nine mosquito taxa, all known or potential vectors of arboviruses, were analyzed to determine spatial patterns. By HPD definitions, three mosquito species, Aedes canadensis (Theobald), Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker), and Culiseta melanura (Coquillett), differed significantly between habitat types, with higher abundance and percent composition in rural areas. Abundance and percent composition of these three species also increased with freshwater wetland, natural vegetation areas, or a combination when using LUC definitions. Additionally, two species, Ae. canadensis and Cs. melanura, were negatively affected by increased residential area. One species, Aedes vexans (Meigen), had higher percent composition in urban areas. Two medically important taxa, Culex spp. and Aedes triseriatus (Say), were proportionally more prevalent in residential areas by LUC classification, as was Aedes trivittatus (Coquillett). Although HPD classification was readily available and had some predictive value, LUC classification resulted in higher spatial resolution and better ability to develop location specific predictive models. C1 [Rochlin, I.] Suffolk Cty Dept Publ Works, Div Vector Control, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. [Harding, K.; Campbell, S. R.] Suffolk Cty Dept Publ Works, Arthropod Borne Dis Lab, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. [Ginsberg, H. S.] Woodward Hall PLS Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Field Stn, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Rochlin, I (reprint author), Suffolk Cty Dept Publ Works, Div Vector Control, 335 Yaphank Ave, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 563 EP 571 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[563:CAODAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 320UC UT WOS:000257259500031 PM 18533453 ER PT J AU Fryda, J Blodgett, RB Lenz, AC Manda, S AF Fryda, Jiri Blodgett, Robert B. Lenz, Alfred C. Manda, Stepan TI New porcellioidean gastropods from early Devonian of Royal Creek area, Yukon Territory, Canada, with notes on their early phylogeny SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAMILIES; VETIGASTROPODA; CIRROIDEA; MOLLUSCA AB This paper presents a description of new gastropods belonging to the superfamily Porcellioidea (Vetigastropoda) from the richly diverse Lower Devonian gastropod fauna of the Road River Formation in the Royal Creek area, Yukon Territory. This fauna belongs to Western Canada Province of the Old World Realm. The Pragian species Porcellia (Porcellia) yukonensis n. sp. and Porcellia (Paraporcellia) sp. represent the oldest presently known members of subgenera Porcellia (Porcellia) and Porcellia (Paraporcellia). Their simple shell ornamentation fits well with an earlier described evolutionary trend in shell morphology of the Porcellinae. Late Pragian to early Emsian Perryconcha pulchra n. gen. and n. sp. is the first member of the Porcellioidea bearing a row of tremata on adult teleoconch whorls. The occurrence of this shelf feature in the Porcellioidea is additional evidence that the evolution of the apertural slit was much more complicated than has been proposed in classical models of Paleozoic gastropod evolution. C1 [Fryda, Jiri; Manda, Stepan] Czech Geol Survey, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. [Fryda, Jiri; Manda, Stepan] Fac Environm Sci, CULS, Prague 16521 6, Czech Republic. [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Lenz, Alfred C.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Fryda, J (reprint author), Czech Geol Survey, Klarov 3-131, Prague 11821 1, Czech Republic. EM fryda@cgu.cz; rblodgett@usgs.gov; aclenz@julian.uwo.ca RI Fryda, Jiri/C-3319-2008 OI Fryda, Jiri/0000-0003-2410-3293 NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1666/07-024.1 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 301UX UT WOS:000255922300011 ER PT J AU Rohr, DM Blodgett, RB Fryda, J AF Rohr, David M. Blodgett, Robert B. Fryda, Jiri TI Silurian Gastropoda from southeastern and west-central Alaska SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIMESTONE AB Additional Silurian (Ludlovian) gastropods are described from the Heceta Formation in the Alexander terrane on Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska. Species include Spinicharybdis krizi n. sp., Spinicharybdis boucoti n. sp., Morania wagneri n. sp., Haplospira craigi. n. sp., Australonema sp., Pachystrophia cf. gotlandica (Lindstrom,1884), and Medfrazyga gilmulli n. sp. An additional new Silurian species, Morania nixonforkensis n. sp., is described from the Nixon Fork subterrane of the Farewell terrane of west-central Alaska. The spine-bearing Spinicharybdis is placed into a new subfamily Spinicharybdiinae together with Hystricoceras Jahn, 1894. Joint occurrences of genera Beraunia, Coelocaulus, and Morania, as well as members of subfamily Spinicharybdiinae in the gastropod fauna from the Heceta Formation. support its close relationship with gastropod fauna of Bohemia. Additionally, the occurrence of the genus Medfrazyga suggests a faunal link between the Alexander and Farewell terranes of Alaska. Medfrazyga gilmulli n. sp. is the oldest known and the only early Paleozoic member of the family Palaeozygopleuridae. C1 [Rohr, David M.] Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Earth & Phys Sci, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. [Blodgett, Robert B.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Fryda, Jiri] Czech Geol Survey, Prague 118 21 1, Czech Republic. RP Rohr, DM (reprint author), Sul Ross State Univ, Dept Earth & Phys Sci, Alpine, TX 79832 USA. EM drohr@sulross.edu; rblodgett@usgs.gov; fryda@cgu.cz RI Fryda, Jiri/C-3319-2008 OI Fryda, Jiri/0000-0003-2410-3293 NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 604 EP 611 DI 10.1666/07-006.1 PG 8 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 301UX UT WOS:000255922300012 ER PT J AU Finney, B Turner, S Hawkesworth, C Larsen, J Nye, C George, R Bindeman, I Eichelberger, J AF Finney, Benjamin Turner, Simon Hawkesworth, Chris Larsen, Jessica Nye, Chris George, Rhiannon Bindeman, Ilya Eichelberger, John TI Magmatic differentiation at an island-arc caldera: Okmok volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Okmok; caldera; U-series isotopes; Sr-diffusion; time scales; Aleutian arc ID CALC-ALKALINE; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; LESSER ANTILLES; RESIDENCE TIMES; PHASE-RELATIONS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PLAGIOCLASE; DIFFUSION; ROCKS; ERUPTIONS AB Okmok volcano is situated on oceanic crust in the central Aleutian arc and experienced large (similar to 15 km(3)) caldera-forming eruptions at similar to 12 000 years BP and 2050 years BP. Each caldera-forming eruption began with a small Plinian rhyodacite event followed by the emplacement of a dominantly andesitic ash-flow unit, whereas effusive inter- and post-caldera lavas have been more basaltic. Phenocryst assemblages are composed of olivine + pyroxene + plagioclase +/- Fe-Ti oxides and indicate crystallization at 1000-1100 degrees Cat 0.1-0.2 GPa in the presence of 0-4% H2O. The erupted products follow a tholeiitic evolutionary trend and calculated liquid compositions range from 52 to 68 wt % SiO2 with 0.8-3.3 wt% K2O. Major and trace element models suggest that the more evolved magmas were produced by 50-60% in situ fractional crystallization around the margins of the shallow magma chamber. Oxygen and strontium isotope data (delta O-18 4.4-4.9 parts per thousand, Sr-87/(86)Sr0.7032-0.7034) indicate interaction with a hydrothermally altered crustal component, which led to elevated thorium isotope ratios in some caldera-forming magmas. This compromises the use of uranium-thorium disequilibria [(Th-230/U-238) 0.849-0.964] to constrain the time scales of magma differentiation but instead suggests that the age of the hydrothermal system is similar to 100 ka. Modelling of the diffusion of strontium in plagioclase indicates that many evolved crystal rims formed less than 200 years prior to eruption. This addition of rim material probably reflects the remobilization of crystals from the chamber margins following replenishment. Basaltic recharge led to the expansion of the magma chamber, which was responsible for the most recent caldera-forming event. C1 [Turner, Simon; George, Rhiannon] Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, GEMOC, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Finney, Benjamin; Hawkesworth, Chris] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Larsen, Jessica; Nye, Chris; Eichelberger, John] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bindeman, Ilya] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Turner, S (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, GEMOC, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM sturner@els.mq.edu.au RI Bindeman, Ilya/D-2497-2012; GAU, geochemist/H-1985-2016; Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 OI Bindeman, Ilya/0000-0003-2778-9083; NR 73 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 857 EP 884 DI 10.1093/petrology/egn008 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 290WE UT WOS:000255152700001 ER PT J AU Feeley, TC Clynne, MA Winer, GS Grice, WC AF Feeley, T. C. Clynne, M. A. Winer, G. S. Grice, W. C. TI Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Lassen Volcanic Center, California: Resolving crustal and mantle contributions to continental arc magmatism SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE oxygen isotopes; phenocrysts; continental arc magmatism; Cascades; Lassen ID SAN-PEDRO COMPLEX; PRIMITIVE CALC-ALKALINE; SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE; SILICIC MAGMAS; TRACE-ELEMENT; FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION; LESSER ANTILLES; RHYOLITIC MAGMA; MIXING ORIGIN AB This study reports oxygen isotope ratios determined by laser fluorination of mineral separates (mainly plagioclase) from basaltic andesitic to rhyolitic composition volcanic rocks erupted from the Lassen Volcanic Center (LVC), northern California. Plagioclase separates from nearly all rocks have delta(18)O values (6.1-8.4%) higher than expected for production of the magmas by partial melting of little evolved basaltic lavas erupted in the arc front and back-arc regions of the southernmost Cascades during the late Cenozoic. Most LVC magmas must therefore contain high (18)O crustal material. In this regard, the delta(18)O values of the volcanic rocks show strong spatial patterns, particularly for young rhyodacitic rocks that best represent unmodified partial melts of the continental crust. Rhyodacitic magmas erupted from vents located within 3.5 km of the inferred center of the LVC have consistently lower delta(18)O values (average 6.3 parts per thousand +/- 0.1 parts per thousand) at given SiO(2) contents relative to rocks erupted from distal vents (>7.0 km; average 7.1 parts per thousand +/- 0.1 parts per thousand). Further, magmas erupted from vents situated at transitional distances have intermediate values and span a larger range (average 6.8 parts per thousand +/- 0.2 parts per thousand). Basaltic andesitic to andesitic composition rocks show similar spatial variations, although as a group the delta(18)O values of these rocks are more variable and extend to higher values than the rhyodacitic rocks. These features are interpreted to reflect assimilation of heterogeneous lower continental crust by mafic magmas, followed by mixing or mingling with silicic magmas formed by partial melting of initially high (18)O continental crust (similar to 9.0 parts per thousand) increasingly hybridized by lower delta(18)O (similar to 6.0 parts per thousand) mantle-derived basaltic magmas toward the center of the system. Mixing calculations using estimated endmember source delta(18)O values imply that LVC magmas contain on a molar oxygen basis approximately 42 to 4% isotopically heavy continental crust, with proportions declining in a broadly regular fashion toward the center of the LVC. Conversely, the delta(18)O values of the rhyodacitic rocks suggest that the continental crust in the melt generation zones beneath the LVC has been substantially modified by intrusion of mantle-derived basaltic magmas, with the degree of hybridization ranging on a molar oxygen basis from approximately 60% at distances up to 12 km from the center of the system to 97% directly beneath the focus region. These results demonstrate on a relatively small scale the strong influence that intrusion of mantle-derived mafic magmas can have on modifying the composition of pre-existing continental crust in regions of melt production. Given this result, similar, but larger-scale, regional trends in magma compositions may reflect an analogous but more extensive process wherein the continental crust becomes progressively hybridized beneath frontal arc localities as a result of protracted intrusion of subduction-related basaltic magmas. C1 [Feeley, T. C.; Winer, G. S.; Grice, W. C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Clynne, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Feeley, TC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM tfeeley@montana.edu NR 112 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 971 EP 997 DI 10.1093/petrology/egn013 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 290WE UT WOS:000255152700005 ER PT J AU Johnson, RR Oslund, FT Hertel, DR AF Johnson, Rex R. Oslund, Fred T. Hertel, Dan R. TI The past, present, and future of prairie potholes in the United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID WETLANDS C1 [Johnson, Rex R.; Oslund, Fred T.; Hertel, Dan R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Fergus Falls, MN USA. RP Johnson, RR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Fergus Falls, MN USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 63 IS 3 BP 84A EP 87A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.3.84A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 289HM UT WOS:000255045600007 ER PT J AU Johnson, DH AF Johnson, Douglas H. TI In Defense of indices: The case of bird surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bird; census; detectability; distance sampling; index; population size; survey ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES; POPULATION-SIZE; VISIBILITY BIAS; AERIAL SURVEYS; OBSERVER DIFFERENCES; RELATIVE-ABUNDANCE; REPLICATED COUNTS; FIELD-EVALUATION AB Indices to population size have come under increasing criticism in recent years, on the grounds that indices might not faithfully represent the entire population. Most criticisms involve surveys of birds, particularly those based on point counts, which is my focus here. A variety of quantitative methods have been developed to reduce the bias of point counts, such as distance sampling, multiple-observer surveys, and time-of-detection methods. I argue that these developments are valuable, in that they enhance understanding of the detection process, but that their practical application may well be limited, likely to intensive studies focusing on a small number of species. These quantitative methods are not generally applicable to extensive, multiple-species surveys. Although criticism of the thoughtless use of indices is welcome, their wholesale rejection is not. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Johnson, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 204 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Douglas_H_Johnson@usgs.gov NR 99 TC 199 Z9 208 U1 13 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 857 EP 868 DI 10.2193/2007-294 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MS Ausband, DE Sime, CA Bangs, EE Gude, JA Jimenez, MD Mack, CM Meier, TJ Nadeau, MS Smith, DW AF Mitchell, Michael S. Ausband, David E. Sime, Carolyn A. Bangs, Edward E. Gude, Justin A. Jimenez, Michael D. Mack, Curt M. Meier, Thomas J. Nadeau, M. Steven Smith, Douglas W. TI Estimation of successful breeding pairs for wolves in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE demography; gray wolf; human-caused mortality; logistic regression; monitoring; Northern Rocky Mountains; pack size; successful breeding pair ID WOLF POPULATION; HOME-RANGE; GRAY WOLF; DYNAMICS; IDAHO AB Under the Endangered Species Act, documenting recovery and federally mandated population levels of wolves (Canis lupus) in the Northern Rocky Mountains (NRM) requires monitoring wolf packs that successfully recruit young. United States Fish and Wildlife Service regulations define successful breeding pairs as packs estimated to contain an adult male and female, accompanied by >= 2 pups on 31 December of a given year. Monitoring successful breeding pairs will become more difficult following proposed delisting of NRM wolves; alternatives to historically intensive methods, appropriate to the different ecological and regulatory context following delisting, are required. Because pack size is easier to monitor than pack composition, we estimated probability a pack would contain a successful breeding pair based on its size for wolf populations inhabiting 6 areas in the NRM. We also evaluated the extent to which differences in demography of wolves and levels of human-caused mortality among the areas influenced the probability of packs of different sizes would contain successful breeding pairs. Probability curves differed among analysis areas, depending primarily on levels of human-caused mortality, secondarily on annual population growth rate, and little on annual population density. Probabilities that packs contained successful breeding pairs were more uniformly distributed across pack sizes in areas with low levels of human mortality and stable populations. Large packs in areas with high levels of human-caused mortality and high annual growth rates had relatively high probabilities of containing breeding pairs whereas those for small packs were relatively low. Our approach can be used by managers to estimate number of successful breeding pairs in a population where number of packs and their sizes are known. Following delisting of NRM wolves, human-caused mortality is likely to increase, resulting in more small packs with low probabilities of containing breeding pairs. Differing contributions of packs to wolf population growth based on their size suggests monitoring successful breeding pairs will provide more accurate insights into population dynamics of wolves than will monitoring number of packs or individuals only. C1 [Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Bangs, Edward E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Jimenez, Michael D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. [Mack, Curt M.] Gray Wold Recovery Project, McCall, ID 83638 USA. [Meier, Thomas J.] Natl Pk Serv, Danali Pk, AK 99755 USA. [Smith, Douglas W.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 881 EP 891 DI 10.2193/2007-157 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700004 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE Leslie, DM AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. Leslie, David M., Jr. TI Scale-dependent effects of landscape structure and composition on diurnal roost selection by forest bats SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; bats; Eptesicus fuscus; forest management; landscape modeling; Lasiurus; Myotis septentrionalis; Nycticeius humeralis; Perimyotis subflavus; roost selection ID LONG-LEGGED MYOTIS; HABITAT USE; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SITE SELECTION; FORAGING HABITAT; SPATIAL SCALES; COASTAL-PLAIN; RED BATS; PATTERNS AB Forest management affects the quality and availability of roost sites for forest-dwelling bats, but information on roost selection beyond the scale of individual forest stands is limited. We evaluated effects of topography (elevation, slope, and proximity of roads and streams), forest habitat class, and landscape patch configuration on selection of summer diurnal roosts by 6 species of forest-dwelling bats in a diverse forested landscape of the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, USA. Our objectives were to identify landscape attributes that potentially affect roost placement, determine whether commonalities exist among species in their response to landscape attributes, and evaluate the effects of scale. We modeled roost selection at 2 spatial scales (250- and 1,000-m radius around each roost). For each species, parameters included in models differed between the 2 scales, and there were no shared parameters for 2 species. Average coefficients of determination (R-2) for small-scale models were generally higher than for large-scale models. Abundance of certain forest habitat classes were included more often than patch configuration or topography in differentiating roost from random locations, regardless of scale, and most species were more likely to roost in areas containing abundant thinned forest. Among topographic metrics, big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were more likely to roost at higher elevations; roosts of big brown bats, northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis), and Seminole bats (Lasiurus seminolus) were influenced by slope; and big brown bats, evening bats (Nycticeius humeralis), and Seminole bats were more likely to roost closer to water than random. Northern long-eared bats and red bats (Lasiurus borealis) were more likely to roost closer to roads, whereas eastern pipistrelles (Perimyotis subflavus) were more likely to roost further from roads than random. Common parameters in most models included 1) positive associations with group selection (5 of 6 species) and thinned mature forest (4 species) at the small scale; 2) negative associations with unmanaged mixed pine-hardwood forest 50-99 years old at the large scale (4 species); 3) negative association with stands of immature pine 15-29 years old at the small scale (3 species); and 4) a positive association with largest patch index at the large scale (3 species). Our results suggest that, in a completely forested landscape, a variety of stand types, seral stages, and management conditions, varying in size and topographic location throughout the landscape, would likely provide the landscape components for roosting required to maintain a diverse community of forest bats in the Ouachita Mountains. C1 [Perry, Roger W.] USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Thill, Ronald E.] USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 51 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 913 EP 925 DI 10.2193/2006-435 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700008 ER PT J AU Tipton, HC Dreitz, VJ Doherty, PF AF Tipton, Heather C. Dreitz, Victoria J. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. TI Occupancy of mountain plover and burrowing owl in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; burrowing owl; Charadrius montanus; Colorado; Cynomys ludovicianus; mountain plover; occupancy; prairie dog; shortgrass prairie ID BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE; DOG COLONIES; HABITAT USE; MOVEMENTS; PLAINS; SASKATCHEWAN; PATTERNS; BIRDS AB Concern over the decline of grassland birds has spurred efforts to increase understanding of grassland bird-habitat relationships. Previous studies have suggested that black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) provide important habitat for shortgrass prairie avifauna, such as mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) and western burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea), although such studies are lacking in Colorado (USA). We used methods to estimate occupancy (psi) of mountain plover and burrowing owl on prairie dog colonies and other shortgrass prairie habitats in eastern Colorado. Mountain plover occupancy was higher on prairie dog colonies (psi = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.36-0.64) than on grassland (psi = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.03-0.15) and dryland agriculture (psi = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.07-0.23). Burrowing owl occupancy was higher on active prairie dog colonies (psi = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66-0.89) compared with inactive colonies 0.23, 95% CI = 0.07-0.53), which in turn was much higher than on grassland (psi = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00-0.07) and dryland agriculture (psi = 0.00, 95% CI = 0.00-0.00). Mountain plover occupancy also was positively correlated with increasing amounts of prairie dog colony in the landscape. Burrowing owl occupancy was negatively correlated with increasing amounts of prairie dog colony in the surrounding landscape. Our results suggest that actions to conserve mountain plovers and burrowing owls should incorporate land management to benefit prairie dogs. Because managing for specific colony attributes is difficult, alternative management that promotes heterogeneity may ensure that suitable habitat is available for the guild of grassland inhabitants. C1 [Tipton, Heather C.; Doherty, Paul F., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dreitz, Victoria J.] Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Tipton, HC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1339 20th St, Vero Beach, FL 32960 USA. EM Heather_Tipton@fws.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1006 DI 10.2193/2007-168 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700019 ER PT J AU Settlage, KE van Manen, FT Clark, JD King, TL AF Settlage, Katie E. van Manen, Frank T. Clark, Joseph D. King, Timothy L. TI Challenges of DNA-based mark-recapture studies of American black bears SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; DNA; mark-recapture; population estimation; sampling bias; southern Appalachians; Ursus americanus ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; GRIZZLY BEARS; CAPTURE; SURVIVAL; DENSITY; GROWTH; RIVER; BIAS AB We explored whether genetic sampling would be feasible to provide a region-wide population estimate for American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the southern Appalachians, USA. Specifically, we determined whether adequate capture probabilities (P > 0.20) and population estimates with a low coefficient of variation (CV < 20%) could be achieved given typical agency budget and personnel constraints. We extracted DNA from hair collected from baited barbed-wire enclosures sampled over a 10-week period on 2 study areas: a high-density black bear population in a portion of Great Smoky Mountains National Park and a lower density population on National Forest lands in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. We identified individual bears by their unique genotypes obtained from 9 microsatellite loci. We sampled 129 and 60 different bears in the National Park and National Forest study areas, respectively, and applied closed mark-recapture models to estimate population abundance. Capture probabilities and precision of the population estimates were acceptable only for sampling scenarios for which we pooled weekly sampling periods. We detected capture heterogeneity biases, probably because of inadequate spatial coverage by the hair-trapping grid. The logistical challenges of establishing and checking a sufficiently high density of hair traps make DNA-based estimates of black bears impractical for the southern Appalachian region. Alternatives are to estimate population size for smaller areas, estimate population growth rates or survival using mark-recapture methods, or use independent marking and recapturing techniques to reduce capture heterogeneity. C1 [Settlage, Katie E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [van Manen, Frank T.; Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [King, Timothy L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Settlage, KE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vanmanen@utk.edu NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1042 DI 10.2193/2006-472 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700024 ER PT J AU Kroeger, KD Charette, MA AF Kroeger, K. D. Charette, M. A. TI Nitrogen biogeochemistry of submarine groundwater discharge SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA DIFFUSION METHOD; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; CAPE-COD; PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS; WAQUOIT BAY; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; COASTAL WATERSHEDS; NITRATE REDUCTION; NUTRIENT INPUTS; DENITRIFICATION AB To investigate the role of the seepage zone in transport, chemical speciation, and attenuation of nitrogen loads carried by submarine groundwater discharge, we collected nearshore groundwater samples ( n =328) and examined the distribution and isotopic signature (delta N-15) of nitrate and ammonium. In addition, we estimated nutrient fluxes from terrestrial and marine groundwater sources. We discuss our results in the context of three aquifer zones: a fresh groundwater zone, a shallow salinity transition zone ( STZ), and a deep STZ. Groundwater plumes containing nitrate and ammonium occurred in the freshwater zone, whereas the deep STZ carried almost exclusively ammonium. The distributions of redox-cycled elements were consistent with theoretical thermodynamic stability of chemical species, with sharp interfaces between water masses of distinct oxidation : reduction potential, suggesting that microbial transformations of nitrogen were rapid relative to dispersive mixing. In limited locations in which overlap occurs between distribution of nitrate with that of ammonium and dissolved Fe2+, changes in concentration and in delta N-15 suggest loss of all species. Concurrent removal of NO3- and NH4+, both in freshwater and the deep STZ, might occur through a range of mechanisms, including heterotrophic or autotrophic denitrification, coupled nitrfication : denitrification, anammox, or Mn oxidation of NH4+. Loss of nitrogen was not apparent in the shallow STZ, perhaps because of short water residence time. Despite organic C-poor conditions, the nearshore aquifer and subterranean estuary are biogeochemically active zones, where attenuation of N loads can occur. Extent of attenuation is controlled by the degree of mixing of biogeochemically dissimilar water masses, highlighting the critical role of hydrogeology in N biogeochemistry. Mixing is related in part to thinning of the freshwater lens before discharge and to dispersion at the fresh : saline groundwater interface, features common to all submarine groundwater discharge zones. C1 [Kroeger, K. D.; Charette, M. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kroeger, KD (reprint author), Woods Hole Sci Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Charette, Matthew/I-9495-2012; OI Kroeger, Kevin/0000-0002-4272-2349 NR 52 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1025 EP 1039 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.1025 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZO UT WOS:000256498900013 ER PT J AU Paull, CK Normark, WR Ussler, W Caress, DW Keaten, R AF Paull, Charles K. Normark, William R. Ussler, William, III Caress, David W. Keaten, Rendy TI Association among active seafloor deformation, mound formation, and gas hydrate growth and accumulation within the seafloor of the Santa Monica Basin, offshore California SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas hydrate; chemosynthetic communities; mounds; gas vent; methane; mud volcano; diaper; pingo ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MUD VOLCANOS; MEDITERRANEAN RIDGE; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; AGE CALIBRATION; HEAT-FLOW; SEDIMENTS; CARBON; RADIOCARBON; FLUID AB Seafloor blister-like mounds, methane migration and gas hydrate formation were investigated through detailed seafloor surveys in Santa Monica Basin, offshore of Los Angeles, California. Two distinct deep-water (>= 800 m water depth) topographic mounds were surveyed using an autonomous underwater vehicle (carrying a multibeam sonar and a chirp sub-bottom profiler) and one of these was explored with the remotely operated vehicle Tiburon. The mounds are > 10 m high and > 100 m wide dome-shaped bathymetric features. These mounds protrude from crests of broad anticlines (similar to 20 in high and 1 to 3 km long) formed within latest Quatemary-aged seafloor sediment associated with compression between lateral offsets in regional faults. No allochthonous sediments were observed on the mounds, except slumped material off the steep slopes of the mounds. Continuous streams of methane gas bubbles emanate from the crest of the northeastern mound, and extensive methane-derived authigenic carbonate pavements and chemosynthetic communities mantle the mound surface. The large local vertical displacements needed to produce these mounds suggests a corresponding net mass accumulation has occurred within the immediate subsurface. Formation and accumulation of pure gas hydrate lenses in the subsurface is proposed as a mechanism to blister the seafloor and form these mounds. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paull, Charles K.; Ussler, William, III; Caress, David W.; Keaten, Rendy] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Normark, William R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM paull@mbari.org OI Caress, David/0000-0002-6596-9133 NR 63 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 250 IS 3-4 BP 258 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.01.011 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 304KU UT WOS:000256109200009 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. TI BELS: backward elimination locus selection for studies of mixture composition or individual assignment SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE classification; data reduction; locus selection; mixed stock analysis; Oncorhynchus keta ID GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; CHUM SALMON; MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE; ACCURACY; DNA AB Methods of evaluating loci in studies of mixture composition or individual assignment are largely based on performance characteristics of individual loci. Synergisms between loci are not exploited. Loci are often evaluated based on their ability to resolve individual populations, even though multipopulation aggregations are more commonly of interest. In addition, measures of locus performance may indirectly relate to investigative objectives. A new computer program, BELS, offers an alternative that addresses these limitations and may be preferable to existing methods in some applications. The algorithm is illustrated using Yukon River chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) data. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jeffrey_bromaghin@fws.gov RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 568 EP 571 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.02010.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 285XU UT WOS:000254810300011 PM 21585834 ER PT J AU Coombs, JA Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Coombs, J. A. Letcher, B. H. Nislow, K. H. TI CREATE: a software to create input files from diploid genotypic data for 52 genetic software programs SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE computer program; file conversion; file creation; parentage assignment; population genetics; sibship reconstruction ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PARENTAL ALLOCATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MIGRATION RATES; SIBSHIP RECONSTRUCTION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; MICROSATELLITE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; PROGENY ARRAYS AB CREATE is a Windows program for the creation of new and conversion of existing data input files for 52 genetic data analysis software programs. Programs are grouped into areas of sibship reconstruction, parentage assignment, genetic data analysis, and specialized applications. CREATE is able to read in data from text, Microsoft Excel and Access sources and allows the user to specify columns containing individual and population identifiers, birth and death data, sex data, relationship information, and spatial location data. CREATE's only constraints on source data are that one individual is contained in one row, and the genotypic data is contiguous. CREATE is available for download at http://www.lsc.usgs.gov/CAFL/Ecology/Software.html. C1 [Coombs, J. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, B. H.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Expt Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Coombs, JA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jcoombs@cns.umass.edu NR 58 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 578 EP 580 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.02036.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 285XU UT WOS:000254810300014 PM 21585837 ER PT J AU Ogada, DL Gadd, ME Ostfeld, RS Young, TP Keesing, F AF Ogada, D. L. Gadd, M. E. Ostfeld, R. S. Young, T. P. Keesing, F. TI Impacts of large herbivorous mammals on bird diversity and abundance in an African savanna SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE bird diversity; cattle; indirect effects; Kenya; livestock; megaherbivore ID SEED DISPERSAL; LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; SPECIES RICHNESS; NATIONAL-PARK; ELEPHANTS; FOREST; CONSERVATION; CATTLE; KENYA; VEGETATION AB Large native mammals are declining dramatically in abundance across Africa, with strong impacts on both plant and animal community dynamics. However, the net effects of this large-scale loss in megafauna are poorly understood because responses by several ecologically important groups have not been assessed. We used a large-scale, replicated exclusion experiment in Kenya to investigate the impacts of different guilds of native and domestic large herbivores on the diversity and abundance of birds over a 2-year period. The exclusion of large herbivorous native mammals, including zebras (Equus burchelli), giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), elephants (Loxodonta africana), and buffalos ( Syncerus caffer), increased the diversity of birds by 30%. Most of this effect was attributable to the absence of elephants and giraffes; these mega-herbivores reduced both the canopy area of subdominant woody vegetation and the biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods, and both of these factors were good predictors of the diversity of birds. The canopy area of subdominant trees was positively correlated with the diversity of granivorous birds. The biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods was positively correlated with the diversity of insectivorous birds. Our results suggest that most native large herbivores are compatible with an abundant and diverse bird fauna, as are cattle if they are at a relatively low stocking rate. Future research should focus on determining the spatial arrangements and densities of megaherbivores that will optimize both megaherbivore abundance and bird diversity. C1 [Keesing, F.] Bard Coll, Annandale on Hudson, NY 12504 USA. [Young, T. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ostfeld, R. S.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Gadd, M. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Int Conservat, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Ogada, D. L.] Natl Museums Kenya, Ornithol Sect, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Keesing, F (reprint author), Bard Coll, Box 5000, Annandale on Hudson, NY 12504 USA. EM keesing@bard.edu NR 49 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 7 U2 72 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 156 IS 2 BP 387 EP 397 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-0994-1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 302FL UT WOS:000255954100014 PM 18288493 ER PT J AU Drewa, PB Platt, WJ Kwit, C Doyle, TW AF Drewa, Paul B. Platt, William J. Kwit, Charles Doyle, Thomas W. TI Stand structure and dynamics of sand pine differ between the Florida panhandle and peninsula SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance regimes; hurricane; Pinus clausa; size and age distribution; windstorms ID LAKE WALES RIDGE; NATIONAL FOREST; SUGAR MAPLE; CLAUSA; FIRE; USA; BEECH; DISTURBANCE; GROWTH; SCRUB AB Size and age structures of stand populations of numerous tree species exhibit uneven or reverse J-distributions that can persist after non-catastrophic disturbance, especially windstorms. Among disjunct populations of conspecific trees, alternative distributions are also possible and may be attributed to more localized variation in disturbance. Regional differences in structure and demography among disjunct populations of sand pine (Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg.) in the Florida panhandle and peninsula may result from variation in hurricane regimes associated with each of these populations. We measured size, age, and growth rates of trees from panhandle and peninsula populations and then compiled size and age class distributions. We also characterized hurricanes in both regions over the past century. Size and age structures of panhandle populations were unevenly distributed and exhibited continuous recruitment; peninsula populations were evenly sized and aged and exhibited only periodic recruitment. Since hurricane regimes were similar between regions, historical fire regimes may have been responsible for regional differences in structure of sand pine populations. We hypothesize that fires were locally nonexistent in coastal panhandle populations, while periodic high intensity fires occurred in peninsula populations over the past century. Such differences in local fire regimes could have resulted in the absence of hurricane effects in the peninsula. Increased intensity of hurricanes in the panhandle and current fire suppression patterns in the peninsula may shift characteristics of sand pine stands in both regions. C1 [Drewa, Paul B.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Platt, William J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Kwit, Charles] Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Doyle, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Drewa, PB (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM paul.drewa@case.edu NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 196 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s11258-007-9333-6 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 280XO UT WOS:000254460300002 ER PT J AU Quade, J Rech, JA Betancourt, JL Latorre, C Quade, B Rylander, KA Fisher, T AF Quade, Jay Rech, Jason A. Betancourt, Julio L. Latorre, Claudio Quade, Barbra Rylander, Kate Aasen Fisher, Timothy TI Paleowetlands and regional climate change in the central Atacama Desert, northern Chile SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE atacama; paleowetlands; carbon-14; ENSO; La Nina; El Nino ID TROPICAL SOUTH-AMERICA; SALAR-DE-ATACAMA; BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO; LAT 22-DEGREES-24-DEGREES-S; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CENTRAL ANDES; GREAT-BASIN; WET PERIODS; RECORD; PRECIPITATION AB Widespread, organic-rich diatomaceous deposits are evidence for formerly wetter times along the margins of the central Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth today. We mapped and dated these paleowetland deposits at three presently waterless locations near Salar de Punta Negra (24.5 degrees S) on the western slope of the Andes. Elevated groundwater levels supported phreatic discharge into wetlands during two periods: 15,900 to similar to 13,800 and 12,700 to similar to 9700 cal yr BP. Dense concentrations of lithic artifacts testify to the presence of paleoindians around the wetlands late in the second wet phase (11,000?-9700 cal yr BP). Water tables dropped below the surface before 15,900 and since 8 100 cal yr BP, and briefly between similar to 13,800 and 12,700 cal yr BP. This temporal pattern is repeated, with some slight differences, in rodent middens from the study area, in both paleowetland and rodent midden deposits north and south of the study area, and in lake level fluctuations on the adjacent Bolivian Altiplano. The regional synchroneity of these changes points to a strengthening of the South American Monsoon - which we term the "Central Andean Pluvial Event"- in two distinct intervals (15,90013,800 and 12,700-9700 cal yr BP), probably induced by steepened SST gradients across the tropical Pacific (i.e., La Nina-like conditions). (C) 2008 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 [Quade, Jay] Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Quade, Jay] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Rech, Jason A.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Betancourt, Julio L.; Rylander, Kate Aasen] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Latorre, Claudio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, CASEB, Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Latorre, Claudio] IEB, Santiago, Chile. [Fisher, Timothy] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Quade, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM quadej@email.arizona.edu RI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599 NR 59 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 6 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 69 IS 3 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2008.01.003 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 302UY UT WOS:000255996500001 ER PT J AU Miller, ME AF Miller, Mark E. TI Broad-scale assessment of rangeland health, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, USA SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata Nuttall; big sagebrush; ecological sites; ecosystem assessment; rangeland condition; soil properties ID MICROPHYTIC CRUST INFLUENCE; LAND MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; SOIL; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; INDICATORS; EROSION; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION AB Over a 3-yr period, the qualitative assessment protocol "Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health" was used to evaluate the status of three ecosystem attributes (soil/site stability, hydrologic function, and biotic integrity) at over 500 locations in and adjacent to Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Utah). Objectives were to provide data and interpretations to support the development of site-specific management strategies and to investigate broad-scale patterns in the status of different rangeland ecological sites. Quantitative data on ground cover, plant community composition, and soil stability were collected to aid the evaluation of qualitative attributes and improve consistency of the assessment process. Ecological sites with potential vegetation dominated by varieties of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nuttall) had the highest frequencies (46.7%-75.0%) of assessments with low ratings (moderate or greater departure from expected reference conditions) for all three ecosystem attributes. In contrast, sites with potential vegetation characterized by Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma [Torrey] Little) and/or Colorado pinyon (Pinus edulis Engelmann) had low frequencies (0.0%-7.8%) of assessments with low ratings for all attributes. Several interacting factors likely contributed to the development of patterns among ecological sites, including 1) potential primary production and thus long-term exposure to production-oriented land uses such as livestock grazing; 2) the presence of unpalatable woody plants capable of increasing and becoming persistent site dominants due to selective herbivory, absence of fire, or succession; 3) soil texture through effects on hydrologic responses to livestock grazing, trampling, and other disturbances; and 4) past management that resulted in high livestock use of ecological sites with sensitive fine-loamy soils following treatments designed to increase forage availability. This case study illustrates an extensive application of an assessment technique that is receiving increasing use worldwide, and results contribute to an understanding of factors contributing to patterns and processes of rangeland degradation. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Kanab, UT 84741 USA. RP Miller, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Kanab, UT 84741 USA. EM mark_miller@usgs.gov NR 70 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.2111/07-107.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200001 ER PT J AU Zawada, DG Thompson, PR Butcher, J AF Zawada, D. G. Thompson, P. R. Butcher, J. TI A new towed platform for the unobtrusive surveying of benthic habitats and organisms SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article CT 33rd Scientific Conference of the Association-of-Marine-Laboratories-of-the-Caribbean CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Univ Virgin Isl, St Thomas, VI SP Assoc Marine Lab Caribbean HO Univ Virgin Isl DE habitat mapping; benthic surveys; species abundance; digital imagery ID FLORIDA REEF TRACT; UNDERWATER CAMERA AB Maps of coral ecosystems are needed to Support many conservation and management objectives, as well as research activities. Examples include ground-truthing aerial and satellite imagery, characterizing essential habitat, assessing changes, and monitoring the progress of restoration efforts. To address some of these needs, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the Along-Track Reef-Imaging System (ATRIS), a boat-based sensor package for mapping shallow-water bcnthic environments. ATRIS consists of a digital still camera, a video camera, and an acoustic depth sounder affixed to a moveable pole. This design, however, restricts its deployment to clear waters less than 10 in deep. To overcome this limitation, a towed version has been developed, referred to as Deep ATRIS. The system is based on a light-weight, computer-control led, towed vehicle that is capable of following a programmed diving profile. The vehicle is 1.3 in long with a 63-cm wing span and can carry a wide variety of research instruments, including CTDs, fluorometers, transmissometers, and cameras. Deep ATRIS is currently equipped with a high-speed (20 frames s(-1)) digital camera, custom-built light-emitting-diode lights, a compass, a 3-axis orientation sensor, and a nadir-looking altimeter. The vehicle dynamically adjusts its altitude to maintain a fixed height above the seafloor. The camera has a 29 degrees x 22 degrees field-of-view and captures color images that are 1360 x 1024 pixels in size. GPS coordinates are recorded for each image. A gigabit ethernet connection enables the images to be displayed and archived in real time on the surface computer. Deep ATRIS has a maximum tow speed of 2.6 in s(-1) and a theoretical operating tow-depth limit of 27 in. With an improved tow cable, the operating depth can be extended to 90 in. Here, we present results from the initial sea trials in the Gulf of Mexico and Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, and discuss the utility of Deep ATRIS for mapping coral reef habitats, Several example mosaics illustrate the high-quality imagery that can be obtained with this system. The images also reveal the potential for unobtrusive animal observations; fish and sea turtles are unperturbed by the presence of Deep ATRIS. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (Suppl. 1): 51-63. Epub 2008 May 30. C1 [Zawada, D. G.; Thompson, P. R.; Butcher, J.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Zawada, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dzawada@usgs.gov RI Zawada, David/C-5209-2008 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 56 BP 51 EP 63 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 453VY UT WOS:000266642200004 ER PT J AU Williams, EH Bunkley-Williams, L Rogers, CS Fenner, RM AF Williams, E. H., Jr. Bunkley-Williams, L. Rogers, C. S. Fenner, R. M. TI Color correction of a publication error in the Tan Hamlet and the second occurrence of a Potentially Inheritable Character the Butter Hamlet (Perciformes: Serranidae) SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article CT 33rd Scientific Conference of the Association-of-Marine-Laboratories-of-the-Caribbean CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Univ Virgin Isl, St Thomas, VI SP Assoc Marine Lab Caribbean HO Univ Virgin Isl DE color characteristics; field speciation study; evolution; new study discipline; Hypoplectrus AB Color photographs of Tan Hamlets, Hypoplectrus sp., from St. John and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands are presented to correct a printing error in a hamlet paper in the last Proceedings. These figures were accidentally printed in black-and-white rendering them diagnostically useless. The Double-Spot Anomaly in the Butter Hamlet was suggested as a Potentially Inheritable Character (PIC) that could lead to speciation. ldentifying and following PICs in the field were suggested as a means to study speciation and evolution. Finding a second individual with the Double-Spot Anomaly means it is much more likely to be an inheritable character leading to speciation from the Butter Hamlet. This could represent the first successful recognition of a PIC leading to a new species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (Suppl. 1): 289-292. Epub 2008 May 30. C1 [Williams, E. H., Jr.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00667 USA. [Bunkley-Williams, L.] Univ Puerto Rico, Caribbean Aquat Anim Hlth Project, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00861 USA. [Rogers, C. S.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, St John, VI 00830 USA. [Fenner, R. M.] Web Web Media, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. RP Williams, EH (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, POB 9013, Mayaguez, PR 00667 USA. EM ewilliams@uprm.edu; lwilliams@uprm.edu; caroline_rogers@usgs.gov; BobFenner@WetWebMedia.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 56 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 453VY UT WOS:000266642200023 ER PT J AU Konrad, CP Black, RW Voss, F Neale, CMU AF Konrad, Christopher P. Black, Robert W. Voss, Frank Neale, Christopher M. U. TI Integrating remotely acquired and field data to assess effects of setback levees on riparian and aquatic habitats in glacial-melt water rivers SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE river restoration; levee; remote sensing; floodplain; habitat; Pacific Northwest ID IN-STREAM HABITAT; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; WESTERN WASHINGTON; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; CUTTHROAT TROUT; WOODY DEBRIS; CLASSIFICATION; SCALE; BIODIVERSITY AB Setback levees, in which levees are reconstructed at a greater distance from a river channel, are a promising restoration technique particularly for alluvial rivers with broad floodplains where river-floodplain connectivity is essential to ecological processes. Documenting the ecological outcomes of restoration activities is essential for assessing the comparative benefits of different restoration approaches and for justifying new restoration projects. Remote sensing of aquatic habitats offers one approach for comprehensive, objective documentation of river and floodplain habitats, but is difficult in glacial rivers because of high suspended-sediment concentrations, braiding and a lack of large, well-differentiated channel forms such as riffles and pools. Remote imagery and field surveys were used to assess the effects of recent and planned setback levees along the Puyallup River and, more generally, the application of multispectral imagery for classifying aquatic and riparian habitats in glacial-melt water rivers. Airborne images were acquired with a horizontal ground resolution of 0.5 m in three spectral bands (0.545-0.555, 0.665-0.675 and 0.790-0.8 10 mu m) spanning from green to near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Field surveys identified river and floodplain habitat features and provided the basis for a comparative hydraulic analysis. Broad categories of aquatic habitat (smooth and rough water surface), exposed sediment (sand and boulder) and vegetated surfaces (herbaceous and deciduous shrub/forest) were classified accurately using the airborne images. Other categories [e.g. conifers, boulder, large woody debris (LWD)] and subdivisions of broad categories (e.g. riffles and runs) were not successfully classified either because these features did not form large patches that could be identified on the imagery or their spectral reflectances were not distinct from those of other habitat types. Airborne imagery was critical for assessing fine-scale aquatic habitat heterogeneity including shallow, low-velocity regions that were not feasible or practical to map in the field in many cases due to their widespread distribution, small size and poorly defined boundaries with other habitat types. At the reach-scale, the setback levee affected the amount and distribution of riparian and aquatic habitats: (1) the area of all habitats was greater where levees had been set back and with relatively more vegetated floodplain habitat and relatively less exposed sediment and aquatic habitat, (2) where levees confine the river, less low-velocity aquatic habitat is present over a range of flows with a higher degree of bed instability during high flows. As river restoration proceeds in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere, remotely acquired imagery will be important for documenting its effects on the amount and distribution of aquatic and floodplain habitats, complimenting field data as a quantitative basis for evaluating project efficacy. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Konrad, Christopher P.; Black, Robert W.; Voss, Frank] US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Neale, Christopher M. U.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Konrad, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 934 Broadway Ave,Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM cpkonrad@usgs.gov RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Konrad, Christopher/0000-0002-7354-547X NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 355 EP 372 DI 10.1002/rra.1070 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 308TE UT WOS:000256412100001 ER PT J AU Cramer, CH Rix, GJ Tucker, K AF Cramer, Chris H. Rix, Glenn J. Tucker, Kathleen TI Probabilistic liquefaction hazard maps for Memphis, Tennessee SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOILS C1 [Cramer, Chris H.; Tucker, Kathleen] Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Cramer, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Memphis Off, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Rix, Glenn J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30066 USA. RP Cramer, CH (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, 3890 Cent Ave, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM ccramer@memphis.edu RI Rix, Glenn/F-2779-2011 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 79 IS 3 BP 416 EP 423 DI 10.1785/gssrt.79.3.416 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 298OX UT WOS:000255698100006 ER PT J AU Kay, RT Arnold, TL Cannon, WF Graham, D AF Kay, Robert T. Arnold, Terri L. Cannon, William F. Graham, David TI Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic constituents in ambient surface soils, Chicago, Illinois: 2001-2002 SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE PAHs; metals; background; soil; urban ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; SEDIMENTS; ZINC; PAHS AB Samples of ambient surface soils were collected from 56 locations in Chicago, Illinois, using stratified random sampling techniques and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds and inorganic constituents. PAHs appear to be derived primarily from combustion of fossil fuels and may be affected by proximity to industrial operations, but do not appear to be substantially affected by the organic carbon content of the soil, proximity to nonindustrial land uses, or proximity to a roadway. Atmospheric settling of particulate matter appears to be an important mechanism for the placement of PAH compounds into soils. Concentrations of most inorganic constituents are affected primarily by soil-forming processes. Concentrations of lead, arsenic, mercury, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, molybdenum, zinc, and selenium are elevated in ambient surface soils in Chicago in comparison to the surrounding area, indicating anthropogenic sources for these elements in Chicago soils. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium in Chicago soils appear to reflect the influence of the carbonate bedrock parent material on the chemical composition of the soil, although the effects of concrete and road fill cannot be discounted. Concentrations of inorganic constituents appear to be largely unaffected by the type of nearby land use. C1 [Kay, Robert T.; Arnold, Terri L.] US Geol Survey, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Cannon, William F.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Graham, David] Chicago Dept Environm, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kay, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 650B Peace Rd, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM rtkay@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 EI 1549-7887 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 221 EP 236 DI 10.1080/15320380802006939 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 302RD UT WOS:000255986100002 ER PT J AU Feng, ZL Liu, RS DeAngelis, DL AF Feng, Zhilan Liu, Rongsong DeAngelis, Donald L. TI Plant-herbivore interactions mediated by plant toxicity SO THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant-herbivore; chemical defense; plant toxicity; bifurcation diagram; limit cycle; extinction ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; DEFENSE; ENRICHMENT; DYNAMICS; PARADOX; TIME AB We explore the impact of plant toxicity on the dynamics of a plant-herbivore interaction, such as that of a mammalian browser and its plant forage species, by studying a mathematical model that includes a toxin-determined functional response. In this functional response, the traditional Holling Type 2 response is modified to include the negative effect of toxin on herbivore growth, which can overwhelm the positive effect of biomass ingestion at sufficiently high plant toxicant concentrations. Two types of consumption decisions of the herbivore are considered. One of these (Case 1) incorporates the adaptation of the herbivore to control its rate of consumption of plant items when that is likely to lead to levels of toxicity that more than offset the marginal gain to the herbivore of consuming more plant biomass, while the other (Case 2) simply assumes that, although the herbivore's rate of ingestion of plant biomass is negatively affected by increasing ingestion of toxicant relative to the load it can safely deal with, the herbivore is not able to prevent detrimental or even lethal levels of toxicant intake. A primary result of this work is that these differences in behavior lead to dramatically different outcomes, summarized in bifurcation diagrams. In Case 2, a wide variety of dynamics may occur due to the interplay of Holling Type 2 dynamics and the effect of the plant toxicant. These dynamics include the occurrence of bistability, in which both a periodic solution and the herbivore-extinction equilibrium are attractors, as well the possibility of a homoclinic bifurcation. Whether the herbivore goes to extinction in the bistable case depends on initial conditions of herbivore and plant biomasses. For relatively low herbivore resource acquisition rates, the toxicant effect increases the likelihood of 'paradox of enrichment' type limit cycle oscillations, but at higher resource acquisition rates, the toxicant may decrease the likelihood of these cycles. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [DeAngelis, Donald L.] Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Feng, Zhilan; Liu, Rongsong] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM ddeangelis@bio.miami.edu NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0040-5809 J9 THEOR POPUL BIOL JI Theor. Popul. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 73 IS 3 BP 449 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.12.004 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 300VE UT WOS:000255852500012 PM 18262578 ER PT J AU Feldhaus, JW Heppell, SA Mesa, MG Li, H AF Feldhaus, Joseph W. Heppell, Scott A. Mesa, Matthew G. Li, Hiram TI Hepatic heat shock protein 70 and plasma cortisol levels in rainbow trout after tagging with a passive integrated transponder SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; STRESS RESPONSES; COLUMBIA RIVERS; COHO SALMON; FISH; SURVIVAL; EXPRESSION; GROWTH AB This study examined the potentially stressful effects of tagging juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags by measuring short-term (< 120-h) changes in plasma concentrations of cortisol and hepatic heat shock protein 70 (hsp70). In a laboratory experiment, plasma cortisol levels were measured in fish before they were tagged (0 h) and at 2, 6, 24, and 120 h after being tagged. Hepatic hsp70 levels were measured at 0 24, and 120 h. All results were compared with those for fish that were handled but not tagged. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in both treatment groups (tagged and handled but not tagged) at 2 h than in the pretreatment groups (0 h). Plasma cortisol levels in the treatment groups returned to near pretreatment levels by 6 It. However, there was a significant difference in plasma cortisol levels between treatment groups at 6 h. There were no significant differences in hepatic hsp70 levels among the two treatment groups, and hepatic hsp70 levels did not change through time. Our results suggest that PIT tagging is a low-impact tagging procedure for juvenile salmonids. C1 [Feldhaus, Joseph W.; Li, Hiram] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Feldhaus, Joseph W.; Heppell, Scott A.; Li, Hiram] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mesa, Matthew G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Feldhaus, JW (reprint author), Coos Watershed Assoc, POB 5860, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. EM feldhauj@hotmail.com NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 690 EP 695 DI 10.1577/T07-014.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000003 ER PT J AU Smith, CT Seeb, LW AF Smith, Christian T. Seeb, Lisa W. TI Number of alleles as a predictor of the relative assignment accuracy of short tandem repeat (STR) and single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) baselines for chum salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MARKERS; RIVER; MICROSATELLITES; PROGRAM; STATISTICS AB Short tandem repeat (STR) markers, which exhibit many alleles per locus, are commonly used to assign fish to their populations of origin. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which have many technical advantages over STRs, typically exhibit only two alleles per locus. Simulation studies have indicated that the number of independent alleles is a good predictor of the accuracy of genetic markers for fishery applications. Extant STR baselines for salmon Oncorhynchus spp. contain hundreds, of alleles, and it has been estimated that hundreds of SNP markers will need to be developed before the SNP baselines will be comparable to the STR baselines. We compared 15 STRs exhibiting 349 independent alleles with 61 SNPs exhibiting 66 independent alleles for accuracy in assigning individuals to closely related populations of chum salmon O. keta. The SNP baseline yielded slightly higher mean accuracies for proportional assignment and comparable accuracies for individual assignment. Based on the number of independent alleles in each baseline, the SNP baseline performed considerably better than the STR baseline. We suggest that this discrepancy is due to the fact that the simulation studies do not capture the impacts of the different strategies commonly employed for discovering and selecting STR and SNP markers. C1 [Smith, Christian T.; Seeb, Lisa W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM christian_smith@fws.gov NR 38 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 751 EP 762 DI 10.1577/T07-104.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000008 ER PT J AU Bellgraph, BJ Guy, CS Gardner, WM Leathe, SA AF Bellgraph, Brian J. Guy, Christopher S. Gardner, William M. Leathe, Steven A. TI Competition potential between saugers and walleyes in nonnative sympatry SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; CANADENSE; LAKE; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; RIVER; EXPLOITATION; CONSUMPTION; MINNESOTA; MOVEMENTS AB Sauger Sander canadensis populations throughout North America have exhibited declines over the past few decades. Various factors may be contribute to the reduced population abundance of saugers in the middle Missouri River of Montana, including interspecific competition with walleyes Sander vitreus. We compared the seasonal migrations, habitat use, and diets of both species in the middle Missouri River to assess competition potential. Before the presumed spawning period, 96% of saugers and 57% of walleyes migrated as far as 264 kilometers downstream. After spawning, both species returned to previously occupied river reaches and demonstrated site fidelity during the nonmigratory season. Habitat use by saugers and walleyes was similar at three hierarchical spatial scales. Diet overlap was high during the spring and summer and moderate during autumn. Resource overlap of saugers and walleyes in the middle Missouri River of Montana suggests that the competition potential between these species is high, which may preclude the recovery of native sauger populations where resources are limiting. C1 [Bellgraph, Brian J.; Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Gardner, William M.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Lewiston, MT 59457 USA. [Leathe, Steven A.] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Great Falls, MT 59405 USA. RP Bellgraph, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM brian.bellgraph@pnl.gov NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 790 EP 800 DI 10.1577/T07-102.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000012 ER PT J AU Schaffler, JJ Winkelman, DL AF Schaffler, Jason J. Winkelman, Dana L. TI Temporal and spatial variability in otolith trace-element signatures of juvenile striped bass from spawning locations in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-ELEGINOIDES; SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; MIXED-STOCK ANALYSIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FISH POPULATIONS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; AMERICAN SHAD; HUDSON RIVER; MARINE FISH AB We assessed the potential of trace-element analysis for identifying spawning locations of striped bass Morone saxatilis in the two tributaries of Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas, during 2002-2004. We also assessed the temporal stability of elemental signatures over 3 years. Elemental composition of juvenile striped bass otoliths varied considerably between the two tributary arms of Lake Texoma both within and among years. Overall reclassification rates within each collection year ranged between 81% and 93%. However, because of high interannual variability, classification functions could not reliably predict natal areas for individuals from other year-classes (19-62%). Although the mechanisms generating spatial and temporal differences in otolith chemistry are not well understood, spatial differences in otolith chemistry indicate that elemental fingerprints of striped bass from the two natal rivers in the Lake Texoma system provide natural tags of juvenile habitat. The temporal variability we observed in otolith elemental signatures complicates the use of these signatures for determining the natal river of an unknown individual from an unsampled year-class. However, building a library of trace-element signatures for yearly cohorts should make it possible to determine natal rivers for adult striped bass from known cohorts. C1 [Schaffler, Jason J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Schaffler, Jason J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Winkelman, Dana L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Schaffler, JJ (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, 800 W 46th St, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM jason.schaffler@okstate.edu NR 69 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 818 EP 829 DI 10.1577/T06-023.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000014 ER PT J AU Homel, K Budy, P AF Homel, Kristen Budy, Phaedra TI Temporal and spatial variability in the migration patterns of juvenile and subadult bull trout in northeastern Oregon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; SMOLT MIGRATION; CUTTHROAT TROUT; MONTANA; RIVER AB Conservation planning for threatened bull trout Salvelinus confluentus requires the identification of temporal and spatial movement patterns to better understand the patch size and connectivity requirements of different behavioral strategies (e.g., resident and migratory) and life stages (e.g., juvenile and adult). Although these patterns have been identified for adults, less is known about the movement patterns of juvenile and subadult bull trout. Thus, we evaluated the movement patterns and abiotic and biotic cues associated with migration timing of fluvial juvenile and subadult (150-300 mm) bull trout in the South Fork Walla Walla River, northeastern Oregon. From 2002 to 2005, we tagged 1,636 individuals with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and monitored subsequent movements (within the study area) and migrations (exiting of the study area) by PIT tag detection at antennae and active detection during the mark-recapture sampling season. Juveniles and subadults exhibited downstream movements and migrations throughout the year; movement and migration activity peaked in August, and migrations occurred predominantly at night (94%). We modeled migration timing in response to abiotic and biotic cues and observed distinct seasonal patterns in migration timing that were associated with changes in minimum temperature. However, the seasonal models based on temperature explained only 23-35% of the variation in migration timing, suggesting the influence of additional variables. Based on the temporal and spatial continuum of movement observed here, we believe that management must address the occupancy of multiple habitat types and migration corridors throughout the year. C1 [Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Homel, Kristen] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 869 EP 880 DI 10.1577/T07-019.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000020 ER PT J AU Bronte, CR Sitar, SP AF Bronte, Charles R. Sitar, Shawn P. TI Harvest and relative abundance of siscowet lake trout in Michigan waters of Lake Superior, 1929-1961 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB; DYNAMICS; RESTORATION; HATCHERY; GROWTH AB Siscowet, a deepwater morphotype of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush and the top predator in Lake Superior, currently makes up most of the lake trout biomass in this lake. Anecdotal accounts indicate that siscowets made up some portion of the historical lake trout commercial fishery, but estimates of harvest and relative abundance are lacking. By using the location information provided by historical fishers on monthly catch reports and past and contemporary knowledge of the depth distribution of siscowets, we provide the first estimates of historical siscowet commercial harvest, fishing effort, and changes in relative abundance for Michigan waters of Lake Superior from 1929 to 1961. Siscowets made up about 27% of the historical yield of lake trout in Michigan waters during this period, but the composition varied greatly among management units. The relative abundance of siscowet in its principal habitat (waters deeper than 80 m) generally declined in most management units before the increase in fishing effort in the mid to late 1940s and the invasion of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus during the 1950s. These factors led to the collapse of nearshore lean lake trout populations by the late 1950s. Modest levels of fishing effort (around 2,000 kin annually) before sea lamprey invasion were sufficient to cause declines in siscowet and were probably related to the low production rates associated with the k-selected life history attributes of this deepwater morphotype. C1 [Bronte, Charles R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. [Sitar, Shawn P.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette Fisheries Res Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Bronte, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Natl Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM charles_bronte@fws.gov NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 916 EP 926 DI 10.1577/T07-096.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000024 ER PT J AU Cross, AD Beauchamp, DA Myers, KW Moss, JH AF Cross, Alison D. Beauchamp, David A. Myers, Katherine W. Moss, Jamal H. TI Early marine growth of pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the coastal Gulf of Alaska during years of low and high survival SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BACK-CALCULATION; PACIFIC SALMON; SELECTIVE PREDATION; OCEAN GROWTH; CHUM SALMON; FISH LENGTH AB Although early marine growth has repeatedly been correlated with overall survival in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., we currently lack a mechanistic understanding of smolt-to-adult survival. Smolt-to-adult survival of pink salmon O. gorbuscha returning to Prince William Sound was lower than average for juveniles that entered marine waters in 2001 and 2003 (3% in both years), and high for those that entered the ocean in 2002 (9%) and 2004 (8%). We used circulus patterns from scales to determine how the early marine growth of juvenile pink salmon differed (1) seasonally during May-October, the period hypothesized to be critical for survival; (2) between years of low and high survival; and (3) between hatchery and wild fish. Juvenile pink salmon exhibited larger average size, migrated onto the continental shelf and out of the sampling area more quickly, and survived better during 2002 and 2004 than during 2001 and 2003. Pink salmon were consistently larger throughout the summer and early fall during 2002 and 2004 than during 2001 and 2003, indicating that larger, faster-growing juveniles experienced higher survival. Wild juvenile pink salmon were larger than hatchery fish during low-survival years, but no difference was observed during high-survival years. Differences in size among years were determined by some combination of growing conditions and early mortality, the strength of which could vary significantly among years. C1 [Cross, Alison D.; Beauchamp, David A.; Myers, Katherine W.; Moss, Jamal H.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife & Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cross, AD (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife & Res Unit, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM crossad@gmail.com NR 54 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 927 EP 939 DI 10.1577/T07-015.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000025 ER PT J AU Healy, RW AF Healy, Richard W. TI Simulating water, solute, and heat transport in the subsurface with the VS2DI software package SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MODELING MACROPORE TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED-ZONE; UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; SATURATED FLOW; AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; STREAM TEMPERATURE; RIVER FLOODPLAIN; POROUS-MEDIUM; SURFACE AB The software package VS2DI was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey for simulating water, solute, and heat transport in variably saturated porous media. The package consists of a graphical preprocessor to facilitate construction of a simulation, a postprocessor for visualizing simulation results, and two numerical models that solve for flow and solute transport (VS2DT) and flow and heat transport (VS2DH). The finite-difference method is used to solve the Richards equation for flow and the advection-dispersion equation for solute or heat transport. This study presents a brief description of the VS2DI package, an overview of the various types of problems that have been addressed with the package, and an analysis of the advantages and limitations of the package. A review of other models and modeling approaches for studying water, solute, and heat transport also is provided. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Healy, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 413,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rwhealy@usgs.gov NR 94 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 632 EP 639 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0075 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 305UZ UT WOS:000256204600024 ER PT J AU Falk, K Batts, WN Kvellestad, A Kurath, G Wiik-Nielsen, J Winton, JR AF Falk, K. Batts, W. N. Kvellestad, A. Kurath, G. Wiik-Nielsen, J. Winton, J. R. TI Molecular characterisation of Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV): A novel paramyxovirus associated with proliferative gill inflammation SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus; paramyxoviridae; fish virus; proliferative gill inflammation; complete genome sequence ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; VIRUS REVEALS; MESSENGER-RNA; SALAR; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; HEMAGGLUTININ; CONTRIBUTES; INITIATION; INFECTION AB Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV) was isolated in 1995 from gills of farmed Atlantic salmon suffering from proliferative gill inflammation. The complete genome sequence of ASPV was determined, revealing a genome 16,968 nucleotides in length consisting of six non-overlapping genes coding for the nucleo- (N), phospho- (P), matrix- (M), fusion- (F), haemagglutinin-neuraminidase- (HN) and large polymerase (L) proteins in the order 3'-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. The various conserved features related to virus replication found in most paramyxoviruses were also found in ASPV. These include: conserved and complementary leader and trailer sequences, tri-nucleotide intergenic regions and highly conserved transcription start and stop signal sequences. The P gene expression strategy of ASPV was like that of the respiro-, morbilli- and hempaviruses, which express the P and C proteins from the primary transcript and edit a portion of the mRNA to encode V and W proteins. Sequence similarities among various features related to vir-us replication, pairwise comparisons of all deduced ASPV protein sequences with homologous regions from other members of the family Paramyxoviridae, and phylogenetic analyses of these amino acid sequences suggested that ASPV was a novel member of the sub-family Paramyxovirinae, most closely related to the respiroviruses. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Falk, K.; Kvellestad, A.; Wiik-Nielsen, J.] Natl Vet Inst, Sect Fish Hlth, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. [Batts, W. N.; Kurath, G.; Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Falk, K (reprint author), Natl Vet Inst, Sect Fish Hlth, POB 8156 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. EM Knut.Falk@vetinst.no; bbatts@usgs.gov; agnar.kvellestad@veths.no; gkurath@usgs.gov; jannicke.wiik@vetinst.no; jwinton@usgs.gov RI Falk, Knut/D-2952-2012 OI Falk, Knut/0000-0002-9830-3493 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 133 IS 2 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.01.006 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 295IH UT WOS:000255467700011 PM 18304670 ER PT J AU Adams, LG Stephenson, RO Dale, BW Ahgook, RT Demma, DJ AF Adams, Layne G. Stephenson, Robert O. Dale, Bruce W. Ahgook, Robert T. Demma, Dominic J. TI Population dynamics and harvest characteristics of wolves in the Central Brooks Range, Alaska SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Canis lupus; compensatory mortality; demography; dispersal; emigration; harvest; productivity; survival; wolf ID WOLF POPULATION; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; GRAY WOLVES; RADIOTELEMETRY DATA; CANIS-LUPUS; ISLE ROYALE; AGE; DISPERSAL; MORTALITY; TELEMETRY AB Our understanding of wolf (Canis lupus) population dynamics in North America comes largely from studies of protected areas, at-risk populations, and wolf control programs, although most North American wolves experience moderate levels of regulated harvest. During 1986-1992, we investigated the population dynamics and harvests of wolves in the newly created Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve in northern Alaska, USA, where wolves were harvested by local residents. Our objectives were to determine wolf abundance, estimate important vital rates (i.e., productivity, survival, emigration), and characterize wolf harvests. We monitored 50 radiocollared wolves in 25 packs over 4 years (Apr 1987-Apr 1991) to assess patterns of dispersal, emigration, survival and mortality causes in the wolf population. We determined pack sizes, home ranges, and pups per pack in autumn (1 Oct) for instrumented wolf packs, and calculated wolf densities in autumn and spring (15 Apr) based on the number of wolves in instrumented packs and the aggregate area those packs inhabited. We also gathered information from local hunters and trappers on the timing, location, methods, and sex-age composition of wolf harvests during 6 winter harvest seasons (Aug 1987-Apr 1992). Wolf densities averaged 6.6 wolves per 1,000 km(2) and 4.5 wolves per 1,000 km(2) in autumn and spring, respectively, and spring densities increased by 5% per year during our study. On average, pups constituted 50% of the resident wolf population each autumn. An estimated 12% of the population was harvested annually. Natural mortality, primarily intraspecific strife, equaled 11% per year. Young wolves emigrated from the study area at high annual rates (47% and 27% for yearlings and 2-yr-olds, respectively), and we estimated the emigration rate for the population at >= 19% annually. Yearlings and 2-year-olds were lost from the population at rates of 60% per year and 45% per year, respectively, primarily as a result of emigration; mortality was the principal cause of the 26% annual loss of wolves >= 3 years old. On average, 47 wolves were harvested each winter from our study population, or twice the harvest we estimated from survival analyses of radiocollared wolves (23 wolves/yr). We suggest that the additional harvested wolves were transients, including local dispersers and migrants from outside the study area. Trapping harvest was well-distributed throughout the trapping season (Nov Apr), whereas shooting harvest occurred mainly in February and March. Of 35 individuals who harvested wolves in the area, 6 accounted for 66% of the harvest. We analyzed information from North American wolf populations and determined that annual rates of increase have an inverse, curvilinear relationship with human-caused mortality (r(2) = 0.68, P < 0.001) such that population trends were not correlated with annual human take <= 29% (P = 0.614). We provide evidence that wolf populations compensate for human exploitation <= 29% primarily via adjustments in dispersal components (i.e., local dispersal, emigration, and immigration), whereas responses in productivity or natural mortality have little or no role in offsetting harvests. Given the limited effects of moderate levels of human take on wolf population trends and biases in assessing wolf populations and harvests resulting from the existence of transient wolves, the risks of reducing wolf populations inadvertently through regulated harvest are quite low. C1 [Adams, Layne G.; Demma, Dominic J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Stephenson, Robert O.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Dale, Bruce W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Adams, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM ladams@usgs.gov NR 92 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 67 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2008 IS 170 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.2193/2008-012 PG 25 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZR UT WOS:000255305100001 ER PT J AU Barber-Meyer, SM Mech, LD White, PJ AF Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. Mech, L. David White, P. J. TI Elk calf survival and mortality following wolf restoration to Yellowstone National Park SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Canis lupus; Cervus elapbus; elk; gamma globulins; mortality; predation; Ursus americanus; Ursus arctos; wolf; Yellowstone ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; INFECTIOUS BOVINE-RHINOTRACHEITIS; SHIPPING FEVER PNEUMONIA; IMMUNE GLOBULIN LEVELS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; GRIZZLY BEARS; LIFE-HISTORY AB We conducted a 3-year study (May 2003-Apr 2006) of mortality of northern Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) calves to determine the cause for the recruitment decline (i.e., 33 calves to 13 calves/100 adult F) following the restoration of wolves (Canis lnpus). We captured, fit with radiotransmitters, and evaluated blood characteristics and disease antibody seroprevalence in 151 calves <= 6 days old (68M:83F). Concentrations (x, SE) of potential condition indicators were as follows: thyroxine (T4; 13.8 mu g/dL, 0.43), serum urea nitrogen (SUN; 17.4 mg/dL, 0.57), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; 66.4 IU/L, 4.36), gamma globulins (GG; 1.5 g/dL, 0.07), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; 253.6 ng/mL, 9.59). Seroprevalences were as follows: brucellosis (Brucella abortus, 3%), bovine-respiratory syncytial virus (3%), bovine-viral-diarrhea virus type 1 (25%), infectious-bovine rhinotracheitis (58%), and bovine parainfluenza-3 (32%). Serum urea nitrogen, GGT, GG, and IGF-1 varied with year; T4, SUN, and GG varied with age (P <= 0.01); and SUN varied by capture area (P = 0.02). Annual survival was 0.22 (SE=0.035, n = 149) and varied by calving area but not year. Neonates captured in the Stephens Creek/Mammoth area of Yellowstone National Park, USA, had annual survival rates >3X higher (0.54) than those captured in the Lamar Valley area (0.17), likely due to the higher predator density in Lamar Valley. Summer survival (20 weeks after radiotagging) was 0.29 (SE = 0.05, n = 116), and calving area, absolute deviation from median birth date, and GG were important predictors of summer survival. Survival during winter (Nov-Apr) was 0.90 (SE = 0.05, n = 42), and it did not vary by calving area or year. Sixty-nine percent (n = 104) of calves died within the first year of life, 24% (n = 36) survived their first year, and 7% (n = 11) had unknown fates. Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and black bears (Ursus americanus) accounted for 58-60% (n = 60-62) of deaths, and wolves accounted for 14-17% (n = 15-18). Summer predation (95% of summer deaths) increased, and winter malnutrition (0% of winter deaths) decreased, compared with a similar study during 1987-1990 (72% and 58%, respectively). Physiological factors (e.g., lowlevels of GG) may predispose calves to predation. Also, the increase in bear numbers since wolf restoration and spatial components finer than the northern range should be considered when trying to determine the causes of the northern Yellowstone elk decline. This is the first study to document the predation impacts from reintroduced wolves on elk calf mortality in an ecosystem already containing established populations of 4 other major predators (i.e., grizzly and black bears, cougars [Puma concolor], and coyotes [Canis latrans]). The results are relevant to resource managers of the Yellowstone ecosystem in understanding the dynamics of the elk population, in providing harvest quota recommendations for local elk hunts to the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service regarding wolf and grizzly bear recovery, and to all areas worldwide where predators are increasing, by providing managers with information about potential carnivore impacts on elk populations. C1 [Barber-Meyer, Shannon M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [White, P. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. RP Barber-Meyer, SM (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM shannonbarbermeyer@gmail.com OI Barber-Meyer, Shannon/0000-0002-3048-2616 NR 241 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 10 U2 110 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2008 IS 169 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.2193/2008-004 PG 30 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZQ UT WOS:000255305000001 ER PT J AU Lund, K Aleinikoff, JN Yacob, EY Unruh, DM Fanning, CM AF Lund, Karen Aleinikoff, J. N. Yacob, E. Y. Unruh, D. M. Fanning, C. M. TI Coolwater culmination: Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb and isotopic evidence for continental delamination in the Syringa Embayment, Salmon River suture, Idaho SO TECTONICS LA English DT Review ID NORTH-AMERICAN CORDILLERA; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; BOEHLS BUTTE REGION; WEST-CENTRAL IDAHO; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BELT BASIN; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; COLLISION TECTONICS AB During dextral oblique translation along Laurentia in western Idaho, the Blue Mountains superterrane underwent clockwise rotation and impinged into the Syringa embayment at the northern end of the Salmon River suture. Along the suture, the superterrane is juxtaposed directly against western Laurentia, making this central Cordilleran accretionary-margin segment unusually attenuated. In the embayment, limited orthogonal contraction produced a crustal wedge of oceanic rocks that delaminated Laurentian crust. The wedge is exposed through Laurentian crust in the Coolwater culmination as documented by mapping and by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U-Pb, Sr-i, and epsilon(Nd) data for gneisses that lie inboard of the suture. The predominant country rock is Mesoproterozoic paragneiss overlying Laurentian basement. An overlying Neoproterozoic ( or younger) paragneiss belt in the Syringa embayment establishes the form of the Cordilleran miogeocline and that the embayment is a relict of Rodinia rifting. An underlying Cretaceous paragneiss was derived from arc terranes and suture-zone orogenic welt but also from Laurentia. The Cretaceous paragneiss and an 86-Ma orthogneiss that intruded it formed the wedge of oceanic rocks that were inserted into the Laurentian margin between 98 and 73 Ma, splitting supracrustal Laurentian rocks from their basement. Crustal thickening, melting and intrusion within the wedge, and folding to form the Coolwater culmination continued until 61 Ma. The embayment formed a restraining bend at the end of the dextral transpressional suture. Clockwise rotation of the impinging superterrane and overthrusting of Laurentia that produced the crustal wedge in the Coolwater culmination are predicted by oblique collision into the Syringa embayment. C1 [Lund, Karen; Aleinikoff, J. N.; Yacob, E. Y.; Unruh, D. M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fanning, C. M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Lund, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM klund@usgs.gov; jaleinikoff@usgs.gov; eyacob@usgs.gov; dunruh@usgs.gov; mark.fanning@anu.edu.au RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 147 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 EI 1944-9194 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 AR TC2009 DI 10.1029/2006TC002071 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 297DE UT WOS:000255596500001 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, L Jaeger, W McEwen, A Tornabene, L Beyer, RA Dundas, C Milazzo, M AF Keszthelyi, Laszlo Jaeger, Windy McEwen, Alfred Tornabene, Livio Beyer, Ross A. Dundas, Colin Milazzo, Moses TI High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images of volcanic terrains from the first 6 months of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Primary Science Phase SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; GROUND ICE; LAVA FLOWS; MORPHOLOGY; SURFACE; HAWAII; FIELD; EMPLACEMENT; AUSTRALIA; INFLATION AB In the first 6 months of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Primary Science Phase, the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera has returned images sampling the diversity of volcanic terrains on Mars. While many of these features were noted in earlier imaging, they are now seen with unprecedented clarity. We find that some volcanic vents produced predominantly effusive products while others generated mostly pyroclastics. Flood lavas were emplaced in both turbulent and gentle eruptions, producing roofed channels and inflation features. However, many areas on Mars are too heavily mantled to allow meter-scale volcanic features to be discerned. In particular, the major volcanic edifices are extensively mantled, though it is possible that some of the mantle is pyroclastic material rather than atmospheric dust. Support imaging by the Context Imager (CTX) and topographic information derived from stereo imaging are both invaluable in interpreting the HiRISE data. C1 [Keszthelyi, Laszlo; Jaeger, Windy; Milazzo, Moses] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Beyer, Ross A.] SETI Inst, Carl Sagan CTr, Mountain View, CA 94305 USA. [McEwen, Alfred; Tornabene, Livio; Dundas, Colin] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Beyer, Ross A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Keszthelyi, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM laz@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224; Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335 NR 65 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E4 AR E04005 DI 10.1029/2007JE002968 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 295FS UT WOS:000255461000002 ER PT J AU Ewing, SA Macalady, JL Warren-Rhodes, K McKay, CP Amundson, R AF Ewing, S. A. Macalady, J. L. Warren-Rhodes, K. McKay, C. P. Amundson, R. TI Changes in the soil C cycle at the arid-hyperarid transition in the Atacama Desert SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; NORTHERN CHILE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; CALIFORNIA; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-C-13; DYNAMICS AB We examined soil organic C (OC) turnover and transport across the rainfall transition from a biotic, arid site to a largely abiotic, hyperarid site. With this transition, OC concentrations decrease, and C cycling slows precipitously, both in surface horizons and below ground. The concentration and isotopic character of soil OC across this transition reflect decreasing rates of inputs, decomposition, and downward transport. OC concentrations in the arid soil increase slightly with depth in the upper meter, but are generally low and variable (similar to 0.05%; total inventory of 1.82 kg m(-2)); OC-Delta(14)C values decrease from modern (+ 7 parts per thousand) to very (14)C-depleted (similar to 966 parts per thousand) with depth; and OC-delta(13)C values are variable (-23.7 parts per thousand to -14.1 parts per thousand). Using a transport model, we show that these trends reflect relatively rapid cycling in the upper few centimeters, and spatially variable preservation of belowground OC from root inputs, possibly during a previous, wetter climate supporting higher soil OC concentrations. In the driest soil, the OC inventory is the lowest among the sites (0.19 kg m(-2)), and radiocarbon values are (14)C-depleted (-365 parts per thousand to -696 parts per thousand) but show no trend with depth, indicating belowground OC inputs and long OC residence times throughout the upper meter (10(4) y). A distinct depth trend in delta(13) C values and OC/ON values within the upper 40 cm at the driest site may reflect photochemical alteration of organic matter at the soil surface, combined with limited subsurface decomposition and downward transport. We argue that while root inputs are preserved at the wetter sites, C cycling in the most hyperarid soil occurs through infrequent, rapid dissolved transport of highly photodegraded organic matter during rare rain events, each followed by a pulse of decomposition and subsequent prolonged drought. These belowground inputs are likely a primary control on the character, activity, and depth distribution of small microbial populations. While the lack of water is the dominant control on C cycling, very low C/N ratios of organic matter suggest that when rainfall occurs, hyperarid soils are effectively C limited. The preservation of fossil root fragments in the sediment beneath the driest soil indicates that wetter climate conditions preceded formation of this soil, and that vadose zone microbial activity has been extremely limited for the past 2 My. C1 [Ewing, S. A.; Amundson, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Macalady, J. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Warren-Rhodes, K.; McKay, C. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ewing, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM saewing@usgs.gov RI Amundson, Ronald /E-2654-2015 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G2 AR G02S90 DI 10.1029/2007JG000495 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 295FJ UT WOS:000255460100001 ER PT J AU Mibe, K Chou, IM Bassett, WA AF Mibe, Kenji Chou, I-Ming Bassett, William A. TI In situ Raman spectroscopic investigation of the structure of subduction-zone fluids SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; SOLUBILITY MECHANISMS; HIGH-PRESSURES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; H2O SOLUBILITY; WATER; MELTS; SILICA; TEMPERATURES AB In situ Raman spectra of synthetic subduction-zone fluids (KAlSi3O8-H2O system) were measured to 900 degrees C and 2.3 GPa using a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell. The structures of aqueous fluid and hydrous melt become closer when conditions approach the second critical endpoint. Almost no three-dimensional network was observed in the supercritical fluid above 2 GPa although a large amount of silicate component is dissolved, suggesting that the physical and chemical properties of these phases change drastically at around the second critical endpoint. Our experimental results indicate that the fluids released from a subducting slab change from aqueous fluid to supercritical fluid with increasing depth under the volcanic arcs. C1 [Mibe, Kenji; Bassett, William A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chou, I-Ming] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mibe, K (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mibe@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B4 AR B04208 DI 10.1029/2007JB005179 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 295FV UT WOS:000255461300003 ER PT J AU Yen, AS Morris, RV Clark, BC Gellert, R Knudson, AT Squyres, S Mittlefehldt, DW Ming, DW Arvidson, R Mccoy, T Schmidt, M Hurowitz, J Li, R Johnson, JR AF Yen, A. S. Morris, R. V. Clark, B. C. Gellert, R. Knudson, A. T. Squyres, S. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Ming, D. W. Arvidson, R. McCoy, T. Schmidt, M. Hurowitz, J. Li, R. Johnson, J. R. TI Hydrothermal processes at Gusev Crater: An evaluation of Paso Robles class soils SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS EXPLORATION ROVERS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; LANDING SITES; IRON MOUNTAIN; SULFATE SALTS; SPIRIT ROVER; MINERALOGY; VOLCANO; CALIFORNIA AB The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit analyzed multiple occurrences of sulfur-rich, light-toned soils along its traverse within Gusev Crater. These hydrated deposits are not readily apparent in images of undisturbed soil but are present at shallow depths and were exposed by the actions of the rover wheels. Referred to as "Paso Robles'' class soils, they are dominated by ferric iron sulfates, silica, and Mg-sulfates. Ca-sulfates, Ca-phosphates, and other minor phases are also indicated in certain specific samples. The chemical compositions are highly variable over both centimeter-scale distances and between the widely separated exposures, but they clearly reflect the elemental signatures of nearby rocks. The quantity of typical basaltic soil mixed into the light-toned materials prior to excavation by the rover wheels is minimal, suggesting negligible reworking of the deposits after their initial formation. The mineralogy, geochemistry, variability, association with local compositions, and geologic setting of the deposits suggest that Paso Robles class soils likely formed as hydrothermal and fumarolic condensates derived from magma degassing and/or oxidative alteration of crustal iron sulfide deposits. Their occurrence as unconsolidated, near-surface soils permits, though does not require, an age that is significantly younger than that of the surrounding rocks. C1 [Yen, A. S.; Hurowitz, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Morris, R. V.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Ming, D. W.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Clark, B. C.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Knudson, A. T.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Squyres, S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arvidson, R.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McCoy, T.; Schmidt, M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat History, Washington, DC USA. [Li, R.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mapping, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnson, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Yen, AS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 61 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S10 DI 10.1029/2007JE002978 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 295FT UT WOS:000255461100001 ER PT J AU Prochaska, AB Santi, PM Higgins, JD Cannon, SH AF Prochaska, Adam B. Santi, Paul M. Higgins, Jerry D. Cannon, Susan H. TI Debris-flow runout predictions based on the average channel slope (ACS) SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE debris flow; runout; hazard mapping ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MODEL; FIRE; AVALANCHES; COLORADO; FRICTION; EVENTS; DESIGN; USA AB Prediction of the runout distance of a debris flow is an important element in the delineation of potentially hazardous areas on alluvial fans and for the siting of mitigation structures. Existing runout estimation methods rely on input parameters that are often difficult to estimate, including volume, velocity, and frictional factors. In order to provide a simple method for preliminary estimates of debris-flow runout distances, we developed a model that provides runout predictions based on the average channel slope (ACS model) for non-volcanic debris flows that emanate from confined channels and deposit on well-defined alluvial fans. This model was developed from 20 debris-flow events in the western United States and British Columbia. Based on a runout estimation method developed for snow avalanches, this model predicts debris-flow runout as an angle of reach from a fixed point in the drainage channel to the end of the runout zone. The best fixed point was found to be the mid-point elevation of the drainage channel, measured from the apex of the alluvial fan to the top of the drainage basin. Predicted runout lengths were more consistent than those obtained from existing angle-of-reach estimation methods. Results of the model compared well with those of laboratory flume tests performed using the same range of channel slopes. The robustness of this model was tested by applying it to three debris-flow events not used in its development: predicted runout ranged from 82 to 131% of the actual runout for these three events. Prediction interval multipliers were also developed so that the user may calculate predicted runout within specified confidence limits. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Prochaska, Adam B.; Santi, Paul M.; Higgins, Jerry D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Cannon, Susan H.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Prochaska, AB (reprint author), 11131 W 17th Ave 106, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. EM adamprochaska@hotmail.com; psanti@mines.edu; jhiggins@mines.edu; cannon@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD APR 21 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.01.011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 300KD UT WOS:000255821800003 ER PT J AU Homyak, PM Yanai, RD Burns, DA Briggs, RD Germain, RH AF Homyak, Peter M. Yanai, Ruth D. Burns, Douglas A. Briggs, Russell D. Germain, Rene H. TI Nitrogen immobilization by wood-chip application: Protecting water quality in a northern hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water quality; wood chips; C : N ratio; nutrient cycling; forest harvesting; northern hardwood forest ID CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; NEW-YORK; WHOLE-TREE; DECOMPOSING LITTER; N MINERALIZATION; NITRATE REMOVAL; NEEDLE LITTER; SOIL; DYNAMICS; USA AB Forest harvesting disrupts the nitrogen cycle, which may affect stream water quality by increasing nitrate concentrations, reducing pH and acid neutralizing capacity, and mobilizing aluminum and base cations. We tested the application of wood chips derived from logging slash to increase immobilization of N after harvesting, which should reduce nitrate flux to streams. In August 2004, a stand of northern hardwoods was patch-clearcut in the Catskill Mountains, NY, and four replicates of three treatments were implemented in five 0.2-ha cut patches. Wood chips were applied to the soil surface at a rate equivalent to the amount of slash smaller than eight inches in diameter (1 x treatment). A second treatment doubled that rate (2x), and a third treatment received no chips (0x). Additionally, three uncut reference plots were established in nearby forested areas. Ion exchange resin bags and soil KCl-extractions were used to monitor nitrate availability in the upper 5-10 cm of soil approximately every seven weeks, except in winter. Resin bags indicated that the wood chips retained 30% or 42% of the nitrate pulse, while for KCl extracts, the retention rate was 78% or 100% of the difference between Ox and uncut plots. During the fall following harvest, wood-chip treated plots had resin bag soil nitrate concentrations about 25% of those in 0x plots (p=0.0001). In the first growing season after the cut, nitrate concentrations in wood-chip treated plots for KCI extracts were 13% of those in Ox treatments (p=0.03) in May and about half those in Ox treatments (p=0.01) in July for resin bags. During spring snowmelt, however, nitrate concentrations were high and indistinguishable among treatments, including the uncut reference plots for resin bags and below detection limit for KCl extracts. Wood chips incubated in litterbags had an initial C:N of 125:1, which then decreased to 70:1 after one year of field incubation. These changes in C:N values indicate that the wood-chip application can potentially immobilize between 19 and 38 kg N ha(-1) in the first year after harvesting, depending on the rate of wood-chip application. Our results suggest that the application of wood chips following harvesting operations can contribute to the protection of water quality and warrant additional research as a new Best Management Practice following cutting in regions that receive elevated levels of atmospheric N deposition. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Homyak, Peter M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Yanai, Ruth D.; Briggs, Russell D.; Germain, Rene H.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Homyak, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM peter.homyak@email.ucr.edu RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Homyak, Peter/C-3162-2013; OI Homyak, Peter/0000-0003-0671-8358 NR 67 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2589 EP 2601 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.018 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900054 ER PT J AU Lyle, M Barron, J Bralower, TJ Huber, M Lyle, AO Ravelo, AC Rea, DK Wilson, PA AF Lyle, Mitchell Barron, John Bralower, Timothy J. Huber, Matthew Lyle, Annette Olivarez Ravelo, A. Christina Rea, David K. Wilson, Paul A. TI Pacific ocean and Cenozoic evolution of climate SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE CLIMATE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; OLIGOCENE-MIOCENE BOUNDARY; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AB The Pacific Ocean has played a major role in climate evolution throughout the Cenozoic (65-0 Ma). It is a fundamental component of global heat transport and circulation, the dominant locus of primary productivity, and, consequently, the largest reservoir for carbon exchange between the oceans and the atmosphere. A satisfactory understanding of the Cenozoic evolutionary history of the Pacific and its impact on global climate is currently data-limited. Nevertheless, the large dynamic range of Cenozoic conditions sets the stage to greatly expand our understanding of global climate and biogeochemical cycles. Past Earth "experiments'' are particularly useful to understand interactions between climate and geosystems under different greenhouse gas loads. We highlight in this review four important problems in which the Pacific played a major role: the effect of changing geographic boundary conditions on ocean circulation; interactions between the carbon cycle and climate; the Pacific Ocean's influence on North American climate and its water cycle; and the gradual evolution of climate systems. C1 [Lyle, Mitchell; Lyle, Annette Olivarez] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barron, John] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bralower, Timothy J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Huber, Matthew] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ravelo, A. Christina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Rea, David K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wilson, Paul A.] Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Lyle, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mlyle@ocean.tamu.edu RI Huber, Matthew/A-7677-2008 OI Huber, Matthew/0000-0002-2771-9977 NR 345 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD APR 19 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 AR RG2002 DI 10.1029/2005RG000190 PG 47 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 291NX UT WOS:000255205200001 ER PT J AU Schroeder, C Rodionov, DS McCoy, TJ Jolliff, BL Gellert, R Nittler, LR Farrand, WH Johnson, JR Ruff, SW Ashley, JW Mittlefehldt, DW Herkenhoff, KE Fleischer, I Haldemann, AFC Klingelhoefer, G Ming, DW Morris, RV de Souza, PA Squyres, SW Weitz, C Yen, AS Zipfel, J Economou, T AF Schroeder, C. Rodionov, D. S. McCoy, T. J. Jolliff, B. L. Gellert, R. Nittler, L. R. Farrand, W. H. Johnson, J. R. Ruff, S. W. Ashley, J. W. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Herkenhoff, K. E. Fleischer, I. Haldemann, A. F. C. Klingelhoefer, G. Ming, D. W. Morris, R. V. de Souza, P. A., Jr. Squyres, S. W. Weitz, C. Yen, A. S. Zipfel, J. Economou, T. TI Meteorites on Mars observed with the Mars Exploration Rovers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID IRON-METEORITES; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; GE CONCENTRATIONS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; GERMANIUM CONCENTRATIONS; OPPORTUNITY ROVER; TERRESTRIAL AGE; 1ST SHERGOTTITE; HIGH ABUNDANCE; BOUNCE ROCK AB Reduced weathering rates due to the lack of liquid water and significantly greater typical surface ages should result in a higher density of meteorites on the surface of Mars compared to Earth. Several meteorites were identified among the rocks investigated during Opportunity's traverse across the sandy Meridiani plains. Heat Shield Rock is a IAB iron meteorite and has been officially recognized as "Meridiani Planum." Barberton is olivine-rich and contains metallic Fe in the form of kamacite, suggesting a meteoritic origin. It is chemically most consistent with a mesosiderite silicate clast. Santa Catarina is a brecciated rock with a chemical and mineralogical composition similar to Barberton. Barberton, Santa Catarina, and cobbles adjacent to Santa Catarina may be part of a strewn field. Spirit observed two probable iron meteorites from its Winter Haven location in the Columbia Hills in Gusev Crater. Chondrites have not been identified to date, which may be a result of their lower strengths and probability to survive impact at current atmospheric pressures. Impact craters directly associated with Heat Shield Rock, Barberton, or Santa Catarina have not been observed, but such craters could have been erased by eolian-driven erosion. C1 [Schroeder, C.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ruff, S. W.; Ashley, J. W.] Arizona State Univ, Mars Space Flight Facilit, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] V&M France, CEV, F-59620 Aulnoye Ayemeries, France. [Economou, T.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, LASR, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Fleischer, I.; Klingelhoefer, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Haldemann, A. F. C.] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, HME ME, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Johnson, J. R.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ming, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nittler, L. R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Weitz, C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Yen, A. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zipfel, J.] Forschunginst & Natmusuem Senckenberg, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Schroeder, C (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code KR,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM christian.schroeder-1@nasa.gov RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; NR 101 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S22 DI 10.1029/2007JE002990 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 291NO UT WOS:000255204300001 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF McCrory, P Svarc, J Murray, J AF Pollitz, Fred F. McCrory, Patricia Svarc, Jerry Murray, Jessica TI Dislocation models of interseismic deformation in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; NORTH-AMERICA PLATE; LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; GREAT 1857 EARTHQUAKE; NEVADA SEISMIC BELT; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; STRIKE-SLIP-FAULT; STRAIN ACCUMULATION AB The GPS-derived crustal velocity field of the western United States is used to construct dislocation models in a viscoelastic medium of interseismic crustal deformation. The interseismic velocity field is constrained by 1052 GPS velocity vectors spanning the similar to 2500-km-long plate boundary zone adjacent to the San Andreas fault and Cascadia subduction zone and extending similar to 1000 km into the plate interior. The GPS data set is compiled from U. S. Geological Survey campaign data, Plate Boundary Observatory data, and the Western U. S. Cordillera velocity field of Bennett et al. (1999). In the context of viscoelastic cycle models of postearthquake deformation, the interseismic velocity field is modeled with a combination of earthquake sources on similar to 100 known faults plus broadly distributed sources. Models that best explain the observed interseismic velocity field include the contributions of viscoelastic relaxation from faulting near the major plate margins, viscoelastic relaxation from distributed faulting in the plate interior, as well as lateral variations in depth-averaged rigidity in the elastic lithosphere. Resulting rigidity variations are consistent with reduced effective elastic plate thickness in a zone a few tens of kilometers wide surrounding the San Andreas fault (SAF) system. Primary deformation characteristics are captured along the entire SAF system, Eastern California Shear Zone, Walker Lane, the Mendocino triple junction, the Cascadia margin, and the plate interior up to similar to 1000 km from the major plate boundaries. C1 [Pollitz, Fred F.; McCrory, Patricia; Svarc, Jerry; Murray, Jessica] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 112 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B4 AR B04413 DI 10.1029/2007JB005174 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 291NQ UT WOS:000255204500002 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, SM Anderson, DE Burns, SP Monson, RK Sun, J Bowling, DR AF Schaeffer, Sean M. Anderson, Dean E. Burns, Sean P. Monson, Russell K. Sun, Jielun Bowling, David R. TI Canopy structure and atmospheric flows in relation to the delta C-13 of respired CO2 in a subalpine coniferous forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE drainage flow; humidity; micrometeorology; soil moisture ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; TURBULENT FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; SOIL RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB stable isotopes provide insight into ecosystem carbon cycling, plant physiological processes, atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics, and are useful for the integration of processes over multiple scales. of particular interest is the carbon isotope content (delta C-13) of nocturnal ecosystem-respired CO2 (delta(R)). Recent advances in technology have made it possible to continuously examine the variation in delta(R) within a forest canopy over relatively long time-scales (months-years). We used tunable diode laser spectroscopy to examine delta(R) at within- and below-canopy spatial locations in a Colorado subalpine forest (the Niwot Ridge Ameri Flux site). We found a systematic pattern of increased delta(R) within the forest canopy (delta(R-C)) compared to that near the ground (delta(R-g)) Values Of delta(R-C) were weakly correlated with the previous day's mean maximum daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Conversely, there was a negative but still weak correlation between delta(R-g) and time-lagged (0-5 days) daily mean soil moisture. The topography and presence of sustained nightly drainage flows at the Niwot Ridge forest site suggests that, on nights with stable atmospheric conditions, there is little mixing of air near the ground with that in the canopy. Atmospheric stability was assessed using thresholds of friction velocity, stability above the canopy, and bulk Richardson number within the canopy. When we selectively calculated delta(R-g) and delta(R-c) by removing time periods when ground and canopy air were well mixed, we found stronger correlations between delta(R-g) and VPD, and delta(R-g) and soil moisture. This suggests that there may be fundamental differences in the environmental controls on delta(R) at sub-canopy spatial scales. These results may help explain the wide variance observed in the correlation Of delta(R) with different environmental parameters in other studies. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schaeffer, Sean M.; Bowling, David R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Anderson, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Sun, Jielun] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.] Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schaeffer, SM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM schaeffer@biology.utah.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Schaeffer, Sean/G-5071-2012; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015; OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914; Schaeffer, Sean/0000-0002-9684-2952 NR 74 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 4 BP 592 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.003 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295DR UT WOS:000255455700006 ER PT J AU Hougham, AL Moran, SB Masterson, JP Kelly, RP AF Hougham, A. L. Moran, S. B. Masterson, J. P. Kelly, R. P. TI Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using Ra-226 and Ra-228 as tracers SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE submarine groundwater discharge; radium; coastal; salt ponds; seasonal ID RADIUM ISOTOPES; NATURAL-WATERS; INPUTS; MARSH; NUTRIENTS; TRANSPORT; SEEPAGE; FLUXES; BARIUM; OCEAN AB Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal southern Rhode Island was estimated from measurements of the naturally-occurring radioisotopes Ra-226 (t(1/2) = 1600 y) and Ra-228 (t(1/2) = 5.75 y). Surface water and porewater samples were collected quarterly in Winnapaug, Quonochontaug, Ninigret, Green Hill, and Pt. Judith-Potter Ponds, as well as nearly monthly in the surface water of Rhode Island Sound, from January 2002 to August 2003; additional porewater samples were collected in August 2005. Surface water activities ranged from 12-83 dpm 100 L-1 (60 dpm = 1 Bq) and 21-256 dpm 100 L-1 for Ra-226 and Ra-228, respectively Porewater Ra-226 activities ranged from 16-73 6 dpm 100 L-1 (2002-2003) and 95-815 dpm 100 L-1 (2005), while porewater Ra-228 activities ranged from 23-1265 dpm 100 L-1. Combining these data with a simple box model provided average R-226-based submarine groundwater fluxes ranging from 11 - 159 L m(-2) d(-1) and average Ra-228-derived fluxes of 15-259 L m(-2) d(-1). Seasonal changes in Ra-derived SGD were apparent in all ponds as well as between ponds, with SGD values of 30-472 L m(-2) d(-1) (Winnapaug Pond), 6-20 L m(-2) d(-1) (Quonochontaug Pond), 36-273 L m(-2) d(-1) (Ninigret Pond), 29-76 L m(-2) d(-1) (Green Hill Pond), and 19-83 L m(-2) d(-1) (Pt. Judith-Potter Pond). These Ra-derived fluxes are up to two orders of magnitude higher than results predicted by a numerical model of groundwater flow, estimates of aquifer recharge for the study period, and values published in previous Ra-based SGD studies in Rhode Island. This disparity may result from differences in the type of flow (recirculated seawater versus fresh groundwater) determined using each technique, as well as variability in porewater Ra activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 [Hougham, A. L.; Moran, S. B.; Kelly, R. P.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Masterson, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Hougham, AL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM ahougham@geol.sc.edu RI Kelly, Roger/E-9396-2010 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.001 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 305DJ UT WOS:000256157700008 ER PT J AU Street, JH Knee, KL Grossman, EE Paytan, A AF Street, Joseph H. Knee, Karen L. Grossman, Eric E. Paytan, Adina TI Submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient addition to the coastal zone and coral reefs of leeward Hawai'i SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE submarine groundwater discharge; coastal zone; nutrients; tracers; radium isotopes; Hawai'i ID RADIUM ISOTOPES; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; SURF ZONE; WATERS; BAY; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; RA-224; INPUTS; ISLAND AB Multiple tracers of groundwater input (salinity, Si, Ra-223, Ra-224, and Ra-226) were used together to determine the magnitude, character (meteoric versus seawater), and nutrient contribution associated with submarine groundwater discharge across the leeward shores of the Hawai'ian Islands Maui, Moloka'i, and Hawai'i. Tracer abundances were elevated in the unconfined coastal aquifer and the nearshore zone, decreasing to low levels offshore, indicative of groundwater discharge (near-fresh, brackish, or saline) at all locations. At several sites, we detected evidence of fresh and saline SGD occurring simultaneously. Conservative estimates of SGD fluxes ranged widely, from 0.02-0.65 m(3) m(-2) d(-1) at the various sites. Groundwater nutrient fluxes of 0.04-40 mmol N m(-2) d(-1) and 0.01-1.6 mmol P m(-2) d(-1) represent a major source of new nutrients to coastal ecosystems along these coasts. Nutrient additions were typically greatest at locations with a substantial meteoric component in groundwater, but the recirculation of seawater through the aquifer may provide a means of transferring terrestrially-derived nutrients to the coastal zone at several sites. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Street, Joseph H.; Knee, Karen L.; Paytan, Adina] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Grossman, Eric E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Street, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Bldg 320,Rm 118,450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jstreet@stanford.edu NR 53 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.08.009 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 305DJ UT WOS:000256157700014 ER PT J AU Geibert, W Charette, M Kim, G Moore, WS Street, J Young, M Paytan, A AF Geibert, Walter Charette, Matt Kim, Guebuem Moore, Willard S. Street, Joseph Young, Megan Paytan, Adina TI The release of dissolved actinium to the ocean: A global comparison of different end-members SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE actinium; radium; submarine groundwater discharge; ocean mixing; continental shelf; global circulation models ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; DEEP OCEAN; PORE-WATER; SEA; AC-227; GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; ISOTOPES; SEAWATER AB The measurement of short-lived Ra-223 often involves a second measurement for supported activities, which represents Ac-227 in the sample. Here we exploit this fact, presenting a set of 284 values on the oceanic distribution of Ac-227, which was collected when analyzing water samples for short-lived radium isotopes by the radium delayed coincidence counting system. The present work compiles Ac-227 data from coastal regions all over the northern hemisphere, including values from ground water, from estuaries and lagoons, and from marine end-members. Deep-sea samples from a continental slope off Puerto Rico and from an active vent site near Hawaii complete the overview of Ac-227 near its potential sources. The average Ac-227 activities of nearshore marine end-members range from 0.4 dpm m(-3) at the Gulf of Mexico to 3.0 dpm m(-3) in the coastal waters of the Korean Strait. In analogy to Ra-228, we find the extension of adjacent shelf regions to play a substantial role for Ac-227 activities, although less pronounced than for radium, due to its weaker shelf source. Based on previously published values, we calculate an open ocean Ac-227 inventory of 1.35 * 10(18) dpm Ac-227(ex) in the ocean, which corresponds to 37 moles, or 8.4 kg. This implies a flux of 127 dpm m(-2) y(-1) from the deep-sea floor. For the shelf regions, we obtain a global inventory of Ac-227 of 4.5 * 10(15) dpm, which cannot be converted directly into a flux value, as the regional loss term of Ac-227 to the open ocean would have to be included. Ac has so far been considered to behave similarly to Ra in the marine environment, with the exception of a strong Ac source in the deep-sea due to Pa-231(ex). Here, we present evidence of geochemical differences between Ac, which is retained in a warm vent system, and Ra, which is readily released [Moore, W.S., Ussler, W. and Paull, C.K., 2008-this issue. Short-lived radium isotopes in the Hawaiian margin: Evidence for large fluid fluxes through the Puna Ridge. Marine Chemistry]. Another potential mechanism of producing deviations in Ac-227/Ra-228 and daughter isotope ratios from the expected production value of lithogenic material is observed at reducing environments, where enrichment in uranium may occur. The presented data here may serve as a reference for including Ac-227 in circulation models, and the overview provides values for some end-members that contribute to the global Ac distribution. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Geibert, Walter] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Geibert, Walter] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Charette, Matt] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kim, Guebuem] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Moore, Willard S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Young, Megan] US Geol Survey, Isotope Tracers Project, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Street, Joseph] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Geibert, Walter] Dunstaffnage Marine Res Lab, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. RP Geibert, W (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. EM walter.geibert@ed.ac.uk; mcharette@whoi.edu; gkim@snu.ac.kr; moore@geol.sc.edu; jstreet@stanford.edu; mbyoung@usgs.gov; apaytan@pangea.stanford.edu RI Geibert, Walter/C-3722-2011; Charette, Matthew/I-9495-2012; Kim, Guebuem/B-3636-2014; Moore, Willard/B-6096-2016; OI Moore, Willard/0000-0001-5930-5325; Geibert, Walter/0000-0001-8646-2334 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.07.005 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 305DJ UT WOS:000256157700017 ER PT J AU Neymark, LA Amelin, YV AF Neymark, L. A. Amelin, Y. V. TI Natural radionuclide mobility and its influence on U-Th-Pb dating of secondary minerals from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; URANIUM MINERALIZATION; RADIUM DISTRIBUTION; URANIFEROUS OPALS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; RADON EMANATION; VOLCANIC FIELD; EXCESS PB-210; RECOIL ATOMS AB Extreme U and Pb isotope variations produced by disequilibrium in decay chains of U-238 and Th-232 are found in calcite, opal/chalcedony, and Mn-oxides occurring as secondary mineral coatings in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. These very slowly growing minerals (mm my(-1)) contain excess Pb-206 and Pb-208 formed from excesses of intermediate daughter isotopes and cannot be used as reliable Pb-206/U-238 geochronometers. The presence of excess intermediate daughter isotopes does not appreciably affect Pb-207/U-235 ages of U-enriched opal/chalcedony, which are interpreted as mineral formation ages. Opal and calcite from outer (younger) portions of coatings have Th-230/U ages from 94.6 +/- 3.7 to 361.3 +/- 9.8 ka and initial U-234/U-238 activity ratios (AR) from 4.351 +/- 0.070 to 7.02 +/- 0.12, which indicate U-234 enrichment from percolating water. Present-day U-234/U-238 AR is similar to 1 in opal/chalcedony from older portions of the coatings. The Pb-207/U-235 ages of opal/chalcedony samples range from 0.1329 +/- 0.0080 to 9.10 +/- 0.21 Ma, increase with micro stratigraphic depth, and define slow longterm average growth rates of about 1.2-2.0 mm my(-1), in good agreement with previous results. Measured U-234/U-238 AR in Mn-oxides, which pre-date the oldest calcite and opal/chalcedony, range from 0.939 +/- 0.006 to 2.091 +/- 0.006 and are >1 in most samples. The range of Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios (0.71156-0.71280) in Mn-oxides overlaps that in the late calcite. These data indicate that Mn-oxides exchange U and Sr with percolating water and cannot be used as a reliable dating tool. In the U-poor calcite samples, measured Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios have a wide range, do not correlate with Ba concentration as would be expected if excess Ra was present, and reach a value of about 1400, the highest ever reported for natural Pb. Calcite intergrown with opal contains excesses of both Pb-206 and Pb-207 derived from Rn diffusion and from direct alpha-recoil from U-rich opal. Calcite from coatings devoid of opal/chalcedony contains Pb-206 and Pb-208 excesses, but no appreciable Pb-207 excesses. Observed Pb isotope anomalies in calcite are explained by Rn-produced excess Pb. The Rn emanation may strongly affect Pb-206-U-238 ages of slow-growing U-poor calcite, but should be negligible for dating fast-growing U-enriched spelcothem calcite. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Neymark, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Amelin, Y. V.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Amelin, Y. V.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Amelin, Y. V.] Australian Natl Univ, Planetary Sci Unit, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Neymark, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, DFC Box 25046,MS 963, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM lneymark@usgs.gov NR 79 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 8 BP 2067 EP 2089 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.001 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 290IO UT WOS:000255116700008 ER PT J AU Coe, JA Cannon, SH Santi, PM AF Coe, Jefrrey A. Cannon, Susan H. Santi, Paul M. TI Introduction to the special issue on debris flows initiated by runoff, erosion, and sediment entrainment in western North America SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Coe, Jefrrey A.; Cannon, Susan H.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Santi, Paul M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Coe, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jcoe@usgs.gov OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.05.001 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 298HG UT WOS:000255676400001 ER PT J AU Cannon, SH Gartner, JE Wilson, RC Bowers, JC Laber, JL AF Cannon, Susan H. Gartner, Joseph E. Wilson, Raymond C. Bowers, James C. Laber, Jayme L. TI Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer DE debris flow; rainfall intensity-duration thresholds; wildfire; warning systems ID KING MOUNTAIN; INITIATION; INTENSITY; FIRE; USA; LANDSLIDES; WATERSHEDS; THRESHOLD AB Debris flows generated during rain storms on recently burned areas have destroyed lives and property throughout the Western U.S. Field evidence indicate that unlike landslide-triggered debris flows, these events have no identifiable initiation source and can occur with little or no antecedent moisture. Using rain gage and response data from five fires in Colorado and southern California, we document the rainfall conditions that have triggered post-fire debris flows and develop empirical rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for the occurrence of debris flows and floods following wildfires in these settings. This information can provide guidance for warning systems and planning for emergency response in similar settings. Debris flows were produced from 25 recently burned basins in Colorado in response to 13 short-duration, high-intensity convective storms. Debris flows were triggered after as little as six to 10 min of storm rainfall. About 80% of the storms that generated debris flows lasted less than 3 h, with most of the rain falling in less than 1 h. The storms triggering debris flows ranged in average intensity between 1.0 and 32.0 nun/h, and had recurrence intervals of two years or less. Threshold rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows sufficiently large to pose threats to life and property from recently burned areas in south-central, and southwestern, Colorado are defined by: I=6.5D(-0.7) and I=9.5D(-0.7), respectively, where I=rainfall intensity (in mm/h) and D=duration (in hours). Debris flows were generated from 68 recently burned areas in southern California in response to long-duration frontal storms. The flows occurred after as little as two hours, and up to 16 h, of low-intensity (2-10 mm/h) rainfall. The storms lasted between 5.5 and 33 h, with average intensities between 1.3 and 20.4 mm/h, and had recurrence intervals of two years or less. Threshold rainfall conditions for life-and property-threatening floods and debris flows during the first winter season following fires in Ventura County, and in the San Bernardino, San Gabriel and San Jacinto Mountains of southern California are defined by I=12.5D(-0.4), and I=7.2D(-0.4), respectively. A threshold defined for flood and debris-flow conditions following a year of vegetative recovery and sediment removal for the San Bernardino, San Gabriel and San Jacinto Mountains of I-14.0D(-0.5) is approximately 25 mm/h higher than that developed for the first year following fires. The thresholds defined here are significantly lower than most identified for unburned settings, perhaps because of the difference between extremely rapid, runoff-dominated processes acting in burned areas and longer-term, infiltration-dominated processes on unburned hillslopes. Crown Copyright (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cannon, Susan H.; Gartner, Joseph E.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wilson, Raymond C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Bowers, James C.] US Geol Survey, Apple Valley, CA 92307 USA. [Laber, Jayme L.] Natl Weather Serv, Oxnard, CA 93030 USA. RP Cannon, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cannon@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 122 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 250 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.019 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 298HG UT WOS:000255676400002 ER PT J AU Coe, JA Kinner, DA Godt, JW AF Coe, Jeffrey A. Kinner, David A. Godt, Jonathan W. TI Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer DE debris flow; flood; Colorado; erosion; bedrock; channel; entrainment; bulking; rainfall; threshold; antecedent; soil moisture; rock fall; dry ravel; surface-water discharge ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEM ANALYSIS; SOILS; FIELD; MODELS; RANGE AB We have monitored initiation conditions for six debris flows between May 2004 and July 2006 in a 0.3 km(2) drainage basin at Chalk Cliffs; a band of hydrothermally-altered quartz monzonite in central Colorado. Debris flows were initiated by water runoff from colluvium and bedrock that entrained sediment from rills and channels with slopes ranging from about 14 degrees to 45 degrees. The availability of channel material is essentially unlimited because of thick channel fill and refilling following debris flows by rock fall and dry ravel processes. Rainfall exceeding I=6.61(D)(-0.77), where I is rainfall intensity (mm/h), and D is duration (h), was required for the initiation of debris flows in the drainage basin. The approximate minimum runoff discharge from the surface of bedrock required to initiate debris flows in the channels was 0.15 m(3)/s. Colluvium in the basin was unsaturated immediately prior to (antecedent) and during debris flows. Antecedent, volumetric moisture levels in colluvium at depths of 1 cm and 29 cm ranged from 4-9%, and 4-7%, respectively. During debris flows, peak moisture levels in colluvium at depths of 1 cm and 29 cm ranged from 10-20%, and 4-12%, respectively. Channel sediment at a depth of 45 cm was unsaturated before and during debris flows; antecedent moisture ranged from 20-22%, and peak moisture ranged from 24-38%. Although we have no measurements from shallow rill or channel sediment, we infer that it was unsaturated before debris flows, and saturated by surface-water runoff during debris flows. Our results allow us to make the following general statements with regard to debris flows generated by runoff in semi-arid to and mountainous regions: 1) high antecedent moisture levels in hillslope and channel sediment are not required for the initiation of debris flows by runoff, 2) locations of entrainment of sediment by successive runoff events can vary within a basin as a function of variations in the thickness of existing channel fill and the rate of replenishment of channel fill by rock fall and dry ravel processes following debris flows, and 3) rainfall and simulated surface-water discharge thresholds can be useful in understanding and predicting debris flows generated by runoff and sediment entrainment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coe, Jeffrey A.; Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geologica21 Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kinner, David A.] Western Carolina Univ, Geol Program, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources Management, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Coe, JA (reprint author), US Geologica21 Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jcoe@usgs.gov OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 63 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 270 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.017 PG 28 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 298HG UT WOS:000255676400003 ER PT J AU Santi, PM deWolfe, VG Higgins, JD Cannon, SH Gartner, JE AF Santi, Paul M. deWolfe, Victor G. Higgins, Jerry D. Cannon, Susan H. Gartner, Joseph E. TI Sources of debris flow material in burned areas SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer DE debris flow; erosion; scour; levees; rills ID WILDFIRE; MOUNTAIN AB The vulnerability of recently burned areas to debris flows has been well established. Likewise, it has been shown that many, if not most, post-fire debris flows are initiated by runoff and erosion and grow in size through erosion and scour by the moving debris flow. as opposed to landslide-initiated flows with little growth. To better understand the development and character of these flows, a study has been completed encompassing 46 debris flows in California, Utah, and Colorado, in nine different recently burned areas. For each debris flow, progressive debris production was measured at intervals along the length of the channel, and from these measurements graphs were developed showing cumulative volume of debris as a function of channel length. All 46 debris flows showed significant bulking by scour and erosion, with average yield rates for each channel ranging from 0.3 to 9.9 m(3) of debris produced for every meter of channel length, with an overall average value of 2.5 m(3)/m. Significant increases in yield rate partway down the channel were identified in 87% of the channels, with an average of a three-fold increase in yield rate. Yield rates for short reaches of channels (up to several hundred meters) ranged as high as 22.3 m(3)/m. Debris was contributed from side channels into the main channels for 54% of the flows, with an average of 23% of the total debris coining from those side channels. Rill erosion was identified for 30% of the flows, with rills contributing between 0.1 and 10.5% of the total debris, with an average of 3%. Debris was deposited as levees in 87% of the flows, with most of the deposition occurring in the lower part of the basin. A median value of 10% of the total debris flow was deposited as levees for these cases, with a range from near zero to nearly 100%. These results show that channel erosion and scour are the dominant sources of debris in burned areas, with yield rates increasing significantly partway down the channel. Side channels are much more important sources of debris than rills. Levees are very common, but the size and effect on the amount of debris that reaches a canyon mouth is highly variable. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Santi, Paul M.; deWolfe, Victor G.; Higgins, Jerry D.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Cannon, Susan H.; Gartner, Joseph E.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Santi, PM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM psanti@mines.edu NR 26 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 310 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.022 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 298HG UT WOS:000255676400005 ER PT J AU Morton, DM Alvarez, RM Ruppert, KR Goforth, B AF Morton, Douglas M. Alvarez, Rachel M. Ruppert, Kelly R. Goforth, Brett TI Contrasting rainfall generated debris flows from adjacent watersheds at Forest Falls, southern California, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer DE debris flow; landslide; dendrochronology AB Debris flows are widespread and common in many steeply sloping areas of southern California. The San Bernardino Mountains community of Forest Falls is probably subject to the most frequently documented debris flows in southern California. Debris flows at Forest Falls are generated during short-duration high-intensity rains that mobilize surface material. Except for debris flows on two consecutive days in November 1965, all the documented historic debris flows have occurred during high-intensity summer rainfall, locally referred to as 'monsoon' or 'cloudburst' rains. Velocities of the moving debris range from about 5 km/h to about 90 km/h. Velocity of a moving flow appears to be essentially a function of the water content of the flow. Low velocity debris flows are characterized by steep snouts that, when stopped, have only small amounts of water draining from the flow. In marked contrast are high-velocity debris flows whose deposits more resemble fluvial deposits. In the Forest Falls area two adjacent drainage basins, Snow Creek and Rattlesnake Creek, have considerably different histories of debris flows. Snow Creek basin, with an area about three times as large as Rattlesnake Creek basin, has a well developed debris flow channel with broad levees. Most of the debris flows in Snow Creek have greater water content and attain higher velocities than those of Rattlesnake Creek. Most debris flows are in relative equilibrium with the geometry of the channel morphology. Exceptionally high-velocity flows, however, overshoot the channel walls at particularly tight channel curves. After overshooting the channel, the flows degrade the adjacent levee surface and remove trees and structures in the immediate path, before spreading out with decreasing velocity. As the velocity decreases the clasts in the debris flows pulverize the up-slope side of the trees and often imbed clasts in them. Debris flows in Rattlesnake Creek are relatively slow moving and commonly stop in the channel. After the channel is blocked, subsequent debris flows cut a new channel upstream from the blockage that results in the deposition of new debris-flow deposits on the lower part of the fan. Shifting the location of debris flows on the Rattlesnake Creek fan tends to prevent trees from becoming mature. Dense growths of conifer seedlings sprout in the spring on the late summer debris flow deposits. This repeated process results in stands of even-aged trees whose age records the age of the debris flows. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Morton, Douglas M.; Alvarez, Rachel M.; Ruppert, Kelly R.] Univ Calif Riverside, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Morton, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM douglas.morton@ucr.edu NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 322 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.021 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 298HG UT WOS:000255676400006 ER PT J AU Gartner, JE Cannon, SH Santi, PM Dewolfe, VG AF Gartner, Joseph E. Cannon, Susan H. Santi, Paul M. Dewolfe, Victor G. TI Empirical models to predict the volumes of debris flows generated by recently burned basins in the western US SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer DE debris flow; wildfire; multiple regression; hazard assessment ID FIRE; COLORADO; EVENTS AB Recently burned basins frequently produce debris flows in response to moderate-to-severe rainfall. Post-fire hazard assessments of debris flows are most useful when they predict the volume of material that may flow out of a burned basin. This study develops a set of empirically-based models that predict potential volumes of wildfire-related debris flows in different regions and geologic settings. The models were developed using data from 53 recently burned basins in Colorado, Utah and California. The volumes of debris flows in these basins were determined by either measuring the volume of material eroded from the channels, or by estimating the amount of material removed from debris retention basins. For each basin, independent variables thought to affect the volume of the debris flow were determined. These variables include measures of basin morphology, basin areas burned at different severities, soil material properties, rock type, and rainfall amounts and intensities for storms triggering debris flows. Using these data, multiple regression analyses were used to create separate predictive models for volumes of debris flows generated by burned basins in six separate regions or settings, including the western U.S., southern California, the Rocky Mountain region, and basins underlain by sedimentary, metamorphic and granitic rocks. An evaluation of these models indicated that the best model (the Western U.S. model) explains 83% of the variability in the volumes of the debris flows, and includes variables that describe the basin area with slopes greater than or equal to 30%, the basin area burned at moderate and high severity, and total storm rainfall. This model was independently validated by comparing volumes of debris flows reported in the literature, to volumes estimated using the model. Eighty-seven percent of the reported volumes were within two residual standard errors of the volumes predicted using the model. This model is an improvement over previous models in that it includes a measure of burn severity and an estimate of modeling errors. The application of this model, in conjunction with models for the probability of debris flows, will enable more complete and rapid assessments of debris flow hazards following wildfire. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gartner, Joseph E.; Cannon, Susan H.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Washington, DC 20242 USA. [Santi, Paul M.; Dewolfe, Victor G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gartner, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Washington, DC 20242 USA. EM jegartner@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 339 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.033 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 298HG UT WOS:000255676400007 ER PT J AU deWolfe, VG Santi, PM Ey, J Gartner, JE AF deWolfe, Victor G. Santi, Paul M. Ey, J. Gartner, Joseph E. TI Effective mitigation of debris flows at Lemon Dam, La Plata County, Colorado SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer DE debris flow; erosion; mitigation; mulch; seeding ID HILLSLOPE EROSION; POSTFIRE; WATERSHEDS AB To reduce the hazards from debris flows in drainage basins burned by wildfire, erosion control measures such as construction of check dams, installation of log erosion barriers (LEBs), and spreading of straw mulch and seed are common practice. After the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire in southwest Colorado, these measures were implemented at Knight Canyon above Lemon Dam to protect the intake structures of the dam from being filled with sediment. Hillslope erosion protection measures included LEBs at concentrations of 220-620/ha (200-600% of typical densities), straw mulch was hand spread at concentrations up to 5.6 metric tons/hectare (125% of typical densities), and seeds were hand spread at 67-84 kg/ha (150% of typical values). The mulch was carefully crimped into the soil to keep it in place. In addition, 13 check dams and 3 debris racks were installed in the main drainage channel of the basin. The technical literature shows that each mitigation method working alone, or improperly constructed or applied, was inconsistent in its ability to reduce erosion and sedimentation. At Lemon Dam, however, these methods were effective in virtually eliminating sedimentation into the reservoir, which can be attributed to a number of factors: the density of application of each mitigation method, the enhancement of methods working in concert, the quality of installation, and rehabilitation of mitigation features to extend their useful life. The check dams effectively trapped the sediment mobilized during rainstorms, and only a few cubic meters of debris traveled downchannel, where it was intercepted by debris racks. Using a debris volume-prediction model developed for use in burned basins in the Western U.S., recorded rainfall events following the Missionary Ridge Fire should have produced a debris flow of approximately 10,000 m(3) at Knight Canyon. The mitigation measures, therefore, reduced the debris volume by several orders of magnitude. For comparison, rainstorm-induced debris flows occurred in two adjacent canyons at volumes within the range predicted by the model. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [deWolfe, Victor G.; Santi, Paul M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gartner, Joseph E.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP deWolfe, VG (reprint author), Deere & Ault Consultants Inc, 600 S Airport Rd,Bldg A,Ste 205, Longmont, CO 80503 USA. EM victor.dewolfe@deereault.com NR 47 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 366 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.008 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 298HG UT WOS:000255676400009 ER PT J AU Greeley, R Whelley, PL Neakrase, LDV Arvidson, RE Bridges, NT Cabrol, NA Christensen, PR Di, K Foley, DJ Golombek, MP Herkenhoff, K Knudson, A Kuzmin, RO Li, R Michaels, T Squyres, SW Sullivan, R Thompson, SD AF Greeley, Ronald Whelley, Patrick L. Neakrase, Lynn D. V. Arvidson, Raymond E. Bridges, Nathan T. Cabrol, Nathalie A. Christensen, Philip R. Di, Kaichang Foley, Daniel J. Golombek, Matthew P. Herkenhoff, Kenneth Knudson, Amy Kuzmin, Ruslan O. Li, Ron Michaels, Timothy Squyres, Steven W. Sullivan, Robert Thompson, Shane D. TI Columbia Hills, Mars: Aeolian features seen from the ground and orbit SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID PATHFINDER LANDING SITE; GUSEV CRATER; ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS; SPIRIT ROVER; PREDICTIONS; MISSION; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Abundant wind-related features occur along Spirit's traverse into the Columbia Hills over the basaltic plains of Gusev Crater. Most of the windblown sands are probably derived from weathering of rocks within the crater, and possibly from deposits associated with Ma'adim Vallis. Windblown particles act as agents of abrasion, forming ventifacts, and are organized in places into various bed forms. Wind-related features seen from orbit, results from atmospheric models, and considerations of topography suggest that the general wind patterns and transport pathways involve: ( 1) winter nighttime winds that carry sediments from the mouth of Ma'adim Vallis into the landing site area of Spirit, where they are mixed with locally derived sediments, and ( 2) winter daytime winds that transport the sediments from the landing site southeast toward Husband Hill; similar patterns occur in the summer but with weaker winds. Reversals of daytime flow out of Gusev Crater and nighttime wind flow into the crater can account for the symmetry of the bed forms and bimodal orientations of some ventifacts. C1 [Greeley, Ronald; Whelley, Patrick L.; Neakrase, Lynn D. V.; Christensen, Philip R.; Foley, Daniel J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cabrol, Nathalie A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bridges, Nathan T.; Golombek, Matthew P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Arvidson, Raymond E.; Knudson, Amy] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Di, Kaichang; Li, Ron] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kuzmin, Ruslan O.] Russian Acad Sci, Vernadsky Inst, Moscow 117975, Russia. [Michaels, Timothy] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Squyres, Steven W.; Sullivan, Robert] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thompson, Shane D.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Greeley, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM greeley@asu.edu; pwhelley@asu.edu; neakrase@asu.edu; arvidson@wunder.wust.edu; nathan.bridges@jpl.nasa.gov; ncabrol@mail.arc.nasa.gov; phil.christensen@asu.edu; di.2@asu.edu; danhy.foley@asu.edu; mgolombek@jpl.nasa.gov; kherkenhoff@usgs.gov; knudson@wunder.wustl.edu; rok@geokhi.ru; li.282@osu.edu; tmichael@boulder.swri.edu; squyres@astro.cornell.edu; rjs33@cornell.edu; thomp102@unr.nevada.edu RI Whelley, Patrick/B-9560-2012; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016 OI Whelley, Patrick/0000-0003-3266-9772; NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S06 DI 10.1029/2007JE002971 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 291NN UT WOS:000255204200001 ER PT J AU Le Mouelic, S Paillou, P Janssen, MA Barnes, JW Rodriguez, S Sotin, C Brown, RH Baines, KH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Crapeau, M Encrenaz, PJ Jaumann, R Geudtner, D Paganelli, F Soderblom, L Tobie, G Wall, S AF Le Mouelic, Stephane Paillou, Philippe Janssen, Michael A. Barnes, Jason W. Rodriguez, Sebastien Sotin, Christophe Brown, Robert H. Baines, Kevin H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Crapeau, Marc Encrenaz, Pierre J. Jaumann, Ralf Geudtner, Dirk Paganelli, Flora Soderblom, Laurence Tobie, Gabriel Wall, Steve TI Mapping and interpretation of Sinlap crater on Titan using Cassini VIMS and RADAR data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER VIMS; SURFACE ORGANICS; EJECTA; ORIGIN; VIEWS; WINDS; MELT AB Only a few impact craters have been unambiguously detected on Titan by the Cassini-Huygens mission. Among these, Sinlap is the only one that has been observed both by the RADAR and VIMS instruments. This paper describes observations at centimeter and infrared wavelengths which provide complementary information about the composition, topography, and surface roughness. Several units appear in VIMS false color composites of band ratios in the Sinlap area, suggesting compositional heterogeneities. A bright pixel possibly related to a central peak does not show significant spectral variations, indicating either that the impact site was vertically homogeneous, or that this area has been recovered by homogeneous deposits. Both VIMS ratio images and dielectric constant measurements suggest the presence of an area enriched in water ice around the main ejecta blanket. Since the Ku-band SAR may see subsurface structures at the meter scale, the difference between infrared and SAR observations can be explained by the presence of a thin layer transparent to the radar. An analogy with terrestrial craters in Libya supports this interpretation. Finally, a tentative model describes the geological history of this area prior, during, and after the impact. It involves mainly the creation of ballistic ejecta and an expanding plume of vapor triggered by the impact, followed by the redeposition of icy spherules recondensed from this vapor plume blown downwind. Subsequent evolution is then driven by erosional processes and aeolian deposition. C1 [Le Mouelic, Stephane; Tobie, Gabriel] Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, F-44322 Nantes 03, France. [Janssen, Michael A.; Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Paganelli, Flora; Wall, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Barnes, Jason W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clark, Roger N.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Paillou, Philippe; Crapeau, Marc] Observ Aquitain Sci Univ, UMR 5804, Floirac, France. [Encrenaz, Pierre J.] Univ Paris 06, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Jaumann, Ralf] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Rodriguez, Sebastien] Univ Paris 07, Lab AIM, Ctr Etud Saclay, DAPNIA Sap,Ctr Orme Merisiers, F-75221 Paris 05, France. [Soderblom, Laurence] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Le Mouelic, Stephane; Tobie, Gabriel] CNRS, UMR 6112, Nantes 03, France. RP Le Mouelic, S (reprint author), Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, 2 Rue Houssiniere, F-44322 Nantes 03, France. EM stephane.lemouelic@univ-nantes.fr RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 12 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E4 AR E04003 DI 10.1029/2007JE002965 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289TV UT WOS:000255077700001 ER PT J AU Hunsinger, GB Mitra, S Warrick, JA Alexander, CR AF Hunsinger, Glendon B. Mitra, Siddhartha Warrick, Jonathan A. Alexander, Clark R. TI Oceanic loading of wildfire-derived organic compounds from a small mountainous river SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC-AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; SOUTH CHINA SEA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; ANCIENT SEDIMENTS; CALIFORNIA RIVERS; COASTAL SEDIMENT; MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB Small mountainous rivers (SMRs) export substantial amounts of sediment into the world's oceans. The concomitant yield of organic carbon (OC) associated with this class of rivers has also been shown to be significant and compositionally unique. We report here excessively high loadings of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), lignin, and levoglucosan, discharged from the Santa Clara River into the Santa Barbara Channel. The abundance of PAHs, levoglucosan, and lignin in Santa Barbara Channel sediments ranged from 201.7 to 1232.3 ng gdw(-1), 1.3 to 6.9 mu g gdw(-1), and 0.3 to 2.2 mg per 100 mg of the sedimentary OC, respectively. Assuming a constant rate of sediment accumulation, the annual fluxes of PAHs, levoglucosan, and lignin, to the Santa Barbara Channel were respectively, 885.5 +/- 170.2 ng cm(-2) a(-1), 3.5 +/- 1.9 mu g cm(-2) a(-1) and 1.4 +/- 0.3 mg per 100 mg OC cm(-2) a(-1), over similar to 30 years. The close agreement between PAHs, levoglucosan, and lignin abundance suggests that the depositional flux of these compounds is largely biomass combustion-derived. To that end, use of the Santa Clara River as a model for SMRs suggests this class of rivers may be one of the largest contributors of pyrolyzed carbon to coastal systems and the open ocean. Wildfire associated carbon discharged from other high yield fluvial systems, when considered collectively, may be a significant source of lignin, pyrolytic PAHs, and other pyrogenic compounds to the ocean. Extrapolating these methods over geologic time may offer useful historical information about carbon sequestration and burial in coastal sediments and affect coastal carbon budgets. C1 [Hunsinger, Glendon B.; Mitra, Siddhartha] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, New York, NY USA. [Warrick, Jonathan A.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Alexander, Clark R.] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA USA. RP Hunsinger, GB (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, New York, NY USA. NR 111 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G2 AR G02007 DI 10.1029/2007JG000476 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 289TH UT WOS:000255076300002 ER PT J AU Harden, JW Berhe, AA Torn, M Harte, J Liu, S Stallard, RF AF Harden, Jennifer W. Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw Torn, Margaret Harte, John Liu, S. Stallard, R. F. TI Soil erosion: Data say C sink SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CARBON; ECOSYSTEMS C1 [Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw; Harte, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Torn, Margaret] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, S.] US Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Stallard, R. F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Harden, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/D-4179-2011; Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw/0000-0002-6986-7943; Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608; NR 10 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 68 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5873 BP 178 EP 179 DI 10.1126/science.320.5873.178 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 286HJ UT WOS:000254836700019 PM 18403694 ER PT J AU Johns-Krull, CM McCullough, PR Burke, CJ Valenti, JA Janes, KA Heasley, JN Prato, L Bissinger, R Fleenor, M Foote, CN Garcia-Melendo, E Gary, BL Howell, PJ Mallia, F Masi, G Vanmunster, T AF Johns-Krull, Christopher M. McCullough, Peter R. Burke, Christopher J. Valenti, Jeff A. Janes, K. A. Heasley, J. N. Prato, L. Bissinger, R. Fleenor, M. Foote, C. N. Garcia-Melendo, E. Gary, B. L. Howell, P. J. Mallia, F. Masi, G. Vanmunster, T. TI XO-3b: A massive planet in an eccentric orbit transiting an F5V star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 03727-01064); techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; BROWN DWARFS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; STELLAR METALLICITY; TIDAL INFLATION; CORALIE SURVEY; SOLAR PLANETS; BINARY STARS; HOST STARS AB We report the discovery of a massive planet (M-p sin i 13.02 +/- 0.64 M-J; total mass = 13.25 +/- 0.64 M-J), large (1.95 +/- 0.16 R-J) planet in a transiting, eccentric orbit (e = 0.260 +/- 0.017) around a 10th magnitude F5 V star in the constellation Camelopardalis. We designate the planet XO-3b and the star XO-3, also known as GSC 03727-01064. The orbital period of XO-3b is 3.1915426 +/- 0.00014 days. XO-3 lacks a trigonometric parallax; we estimate its distance to be 260 +/- 23 pc. The radius of XO-3 is 2.13 +/- 0.21 R-circle dot, its mass is 1.41 +/- 0.08 M-circle dot, its v sin i = 18.54 +/- 0.17 km s(-1), and its metallicity is Fe/H = -0.177 +/- 0.027. This system is unusual for a number of reasons. XO-3b is one of the most massive planets discovered around any star for which the orbital period is less than 10 days. The mass is near the deuterium-burning limit of 13 M-J, which is a proposed boundary between planets and brown dwarfs. Although Burrows et al. propose that formation in a disk or formation in the interstellar medium in a manner similar to stars is a more logical way to differentiate planets and brown dwarfs, our current observations are not adequate to address this distinction. XO-3b is also unusual in that its eccentricity is large given its relatively short orbital period. Both the planetary radius and the inclination are functions of the spectroscopically determined stellar radius. Analysis of the transit light curve of XO-3b suggests that the spectroscopically derived parameters may be overestimated. Though relatively noisy, the light curves favor a smaller radius in order to better match the steepness of the ingress and egress. The light curve fits imply a planetary radius of 1.25 +/- 0.15 R-J, which would correspond to a mass of 12.03 +/- 0.46 M-J. A precise trigonometric parallax measurement or a very accurate light curve is needed to resolve the uncertainty in the planetary mass and radius. C1 [Johns-Krull, Christopher M.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [McCullough, Peter R.; Burke, Christopher J.; Valenti, Jeff A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Janes, K. A.; Howell, P. J.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Heasley, J. N.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Prato, L.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bissinger, R.] Racoon Run Observ, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. [Fleenor, M.] Volunteer Observ, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Foote, C. N.] Vermillon Cliffs Observ, Kanab, UT 84741 USA. [Garcia-Melendo, E.] Esteve Duran Observ, Barcelona 08553, Spain. [Gary, B. L.] Hereford Arizona Observ, Hereford, AZ 85615 USA. [Mallia, F.] Campo Catino Astron Observ, Guarcino, FR, Italy. [Masi, G.] Bellatrix Observ, I-03023 Ceccano, FR, Italy. [Vanmunster, T.] CBA Belgium Observ, B-3401 Landen, Belgium. RP Johns-Krull, CM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM cmj@rice.edu NR 90 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 1 BP 657 EP 670 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 285CG UT WOS:000254754300052 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Kuivila, KM AF Hladik, Michelle L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorothalonil; degradates; soil; sediment; analytical method; GC-MS ID TCIN; FATE AB A method has been developed for the simultaneous extraction of chlorothalonil and three of its degradates (4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile, 1-carbamoyl-3-cyano-4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichlorobenzene, and 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene) from soils and sediments; the compounds were extracted using sonication with acetone and isolation of the parent compound and matrix interferences from the degradates by solid phase extraction (SPE). The chlorothalonil fraction underwent further coextracted matrix interference removal with Florisil. The degradates were derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS). All compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recoveries on a spiked (20 and 200 mu g kg(-1)) sediment ranged from 80% to 91 % with calculated limits of detection of 1-5 mu g kg(-1) dry weight sediment. An additional 20 sediment samples were collected in watersheds from the Southeastern United States where chlorothalonil is used widely on peanuts and other crops. None of the target compounds were detected. Laboratory fortified recoveries of chlorothalonil and its degradates in these environmental sediment samples ranged from 75% to 89%. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov OI Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 7 BP 2310 EP 2314 DI 10.1021/jf703695s PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 283KZ UT WOS:000254636400003 PM 18335994 ER PT J AU Wobus, CW Kean, JW Tucker, GE Anderson, RS AF Wobus, Cameron W. Kean, Jason W. Tucker, Gregory E. Anderson, Robert S. TI Modeling the evolution of channel shape: Balancing computational efficiency with hydraulic fidelity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY SHEAR-STRESS; STRATH-TERRACE FORMATION; STRAIGHT OPEN CHANNELS; BEDROCK CHANNELS; FLUVIAL TERRACES; FLUID-DYNAMICS; RIVER; INCISION; CLIMATE; EROSION AB The cross-sectional shape of a natural river channel controls the capacity of the system to carry water off a landscape, to convey sediment derived from hillslopes, and to erode its bed and banks. Numerical models that describe the response of a landscape to changes in climate or tectonics therefore require formulations that can accommodate evolution of channel cross-sectional geometry. However, fully two-dimensional (2-D) flow models are too computationally expensive to implement in large-scale landscape evolution models, while available simple empirical relationships between width and discharge do not adequately capture the dynamics of channel adjustment. We have developed a simplified 2-D numerical model of channel evolution in a cohesive, detachment-limited substrate subject to steady, unidirectional flow. Erosion is assumed to be proportional to boundary shear stress, which is calculated using an approximation of the flow field in which log-velocity profiles are assumed to apply along vectors that are perpendicular to the local channel bed. Model predictions of the velocity structure, peak boundary shear stress, and equilibrium channel shape compare well with predictions of a more sophisticated but more computationally demanding ray-isovel model. For example, the mean velocities computed by the two models are consistent to within similar to 3%, and the predicted peak shear stress is consistent to within similar to 7%. Furthermore, the shear stress distributions predicted by our model compare favorably with available laboratory measurements for prescribed channel shapes. A modification to our simplified code in which the flow includes a high-velocity core allows the model to be extended to estimate shear stress distributions in channels with large width-to-depth ratios. Our model is efficient enough to incorporate into large-scale landscape evolution codes and can be used to examine how channels adjust both cross-sectional shape and slope in response to tectonic and climatic forcing. C1 [Wobus, Cameron W.; Tucker, Gregory E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tucker, Gregory E.; Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tucker, Gregory E.; Anderson, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wobus, CW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cameron.wobus@colorado.edu OI Wobus, Cameron/0000-0002-9654-1738; Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369; TUCKER, GREGORY/0000-0003-0364-5800 NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 9 PY 2008 VL 113 IS F2 AR F02004 DI 10.1029/2007JF000914 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 289TK UT WOS:000255076600002 ER PT J AU Aagaard, BT Heaton, TH AF Aagaard, B. T. Heaton, T. H. TI Constraining fault constitutive behavior with slip and stress heterogeneity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND-MOTION; SAN-ANDREAS SYSTEM; 2002 DENALI FAULT; RATE-DEPENDENT FRICTION; 1999 CHI-CHI; DYNAMIC RUPTURE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; PUNCHBOWL FAULT; SURFACE-ENERGY AB [1] We study how enforcing self-consistency in the statistical properties of the preshear and postshear stress on a fault can be used to constrain fault constitutive behavior beyond that required to produce a desired spatial and temporal evolution of slip in a single event. We explore features of rupture dynamics that ( 1) lead to slip heterogeneity in earthquake ruptures and ( 2) maintain these conditions following rupture, so that the stress field is compatible with the generation of aftershocks and facilitates heterogeneous slip in subsequent events. Our three-dimensional finite element simulations of magnitude 7 events on a vertical, planar strike-slip fault show that the conditions that lead to slip heterogeneity remain in place after large events when the dynamic stress drop ( initial shear stress) and breakdown work ( fracture energy) are spatially heterogeneous. In these models the breakdown work is on the order of MJ/m(2), which is comparable to the radiated energy. These conditions producing slip heterogeneity also tend to produce narrower slip pulses independent of a slip rate dependence in the fault constitutive model. An alternative mechanism for generating these confined slip pulses appears to be fault constitutive models that have a stronger rate dependence, which also makes them difficult to implement in numerical models. We hypothesize that self-consistent ruptures could also be produced by very narrow slip pulses propagating in a self-sustaining heterogeneous stress field with breakdown work comparable to fracture energy estimates of kJ/M-2. C1 [Aagaard, B. T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Heaton, T. H.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Aagaard, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM baagaard@usgs.gov; heatont@caltech.edu OI Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 NR 86 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 8 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B4 AR B04301 DI 10.1029/2006JB004793 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289TW UT WOS:000255077800003 ER PT J AU Birdwell, J Lattao, C Marwani, HM Cook, RL Aiken, GR Thorn, K Perdue, EM Koprivnjak, JF AF Birdwell, Justin Lattao, Charisma Marwani, Hadi M. Cook, Robert L. Aiken, George R. Thorn, Kevin Perdue, E. Michael Koprivnjak, Jean-Francois TI GEOC 46-An analysis of the dissolved organic matter in Hurricane Katrina flood water from New Orleans SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Birdwell, Justin] Louisiana State Univ, Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lattao, Charisma; Marwani, Hadi M.; Cook, Robert L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Cook, Robert L.] So Univ Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Aiken, George R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Thorn, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Perdue, E. Michael; Koprivnjak, Jean-Francois] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jbirdw1@lsu.edu; rlcook@lsu.edu; graiken@usgs.gov; kathorn@usgs.gov; mperdue@eas.gatech.edu RI Marwani, Hadi/K-8893-2012 OI Marwani, Hadi/0000-0003-0199-9488 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 46-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105181 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP Pontolillo, J AF Eganhouse, Robert P. Pontolillo, James TI GEOC 45-Organic contaminants in Hurricane Katrina flood sediments: Identification using comprehensive 2-D gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Eganhouse, Robert P.; Pontolillo, James] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eganhous@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 45-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105040 ER PT J AU Ilgen, AG Mueller, S Newville, M Trainor, TP AF Ilgen, Anastasia G. Mueller, Seth Newville, M. Trainor, Thomas P. TI GEOC 129-Arsenic and antimony speciation in water and bottom sediments associated with geothermal waste fluids: Dachny geothermal field, Kamchatka, Russia SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ilgen, Anastasia G.; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mueller, Seth] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Newville, M.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Newville, M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM ftagt@uaf.edu; muellersh@gmail.com; newville@cars.uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 129-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105066 ER PT J AU Simon, NS AF Simon, Nancy S. TI GEOC 209-Role of macroinvertebrates in cycling phosphorus in surface sediments of Upper Klamath Lake, OR, USA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Simon, Nancy S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nssimon@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 209-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105121 ER PT J AU Su, TZ Shu, S Shi, HL Wang, JM Adams, CD Witt, EC AF Su, Tingzhi Shu, Shi Shi, Honglan Wang, Jianmin Adams, Craig D. Witt, Emitt C. TI ENVR 85-Heavy metal distribution in post-Katrina New Orleans and Louisiana Peninsula SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Su, Tingzhi; Shu, Shi; Shi, Honglan; Wang, Jianmin; Adams, Craig D.] Univ Missouri, Environm Res Ctr, Civil Architecture & Environm Engn Dept, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Witt, Emitt C.] US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Geog Sci Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM tingzhi@umr.edu; honglan@umr.edu; wangjia@umr.edu; adams@umr.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 85-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104301 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA Cox, LG AF Thorn, K. A. Cox, Larry G. TI ANYL 159-NMR studies on the aqueous phase photochemical degradation of TNT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Thorn, K. A.; Cox, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kathorn@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 159-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100419 ER PT J AU Huang, YH Saiers, JE Harvey, JW Noe, GB Mylon, S AF Huang, Yong H. Saiers, James E. Harvey, Judson W. Noe, Gregory B. Mylon, Steven TI Advection, dispersion, and filtration of fine particles within emergent vegetation of the Florida Everglades SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FLOW; SURFACE; ACCUMULATION; DEPOSITION; DIFFUSION; WATER; MODEL AB The movement of particulate matter within wetland surface waters affects nutrient cycling, contaminant mobility, and the evolution of the wetland landscape. Despite the importance of particle transport in influencing wetland form and function, there are few data sets that illuminate, in a quantitative way, the transport behavior of particulate matter within surface waters containing emergent vegetation. We report observations from experiments on the transport of 1 mm latex microspheres at a wetland field site located in Water Conservation Area 3A of the Florida Everglades. The experiments involved line source injections of particles inside two 4.8-m-long surface water flumes constructed within a transition zone between an Eleocharis slough and Cladium jamaicense ridge and within a Cladium jamaicense ridge. We compared the measurements of particle transport to calculations of two-dimensional advection-dispersion model that accounted for a linear increase in water velocities with elevation above the ground surface. The results of this analysis revealed that particle spreading by longitudinal and vertical dispersion was substantially greater in the ridge than within the transition zone and that particle capture by aquatic vegetation lowered surface water particle concentrations and, at least for the timescale of our experiments, could be represented as an irreversible, first-order kinetics process. We found generally good agreement between our field-based estimates of particle dispersion and water velocity and estimates determined from published theory, suggesting that the advective-dispersive transport of particulate matter within complex wetland environments can be approximated on the basis of measurable properties of the flow and aquatic vegetation. C1 [Huang, Yong H.; Saiers, James E.] Yale Univ, Sch Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Huang, Yong H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.; Noe, Gregory B.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Mylon, Steven] Lafayette Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, PA 18042 USA. RP Huang, YH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM james.saiers@yale.edu RI Noe, Gregory/A-1365-2010; Mylon, Steven/B-5483-2010; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Noe, Gregory/0000-0002-6661-2646 NR 38 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 AR W04408 DI 10.1029/2007WR006290 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 284PX UT WOS:000254719400005 ER PT J AU Taillandier, V Griffa, A Poulain, PM Signell, R Chiggiato, J Carniel, S AF Taillandier, V. Griffa, A. Poulain, P. M. Signell, R. Chiggiato, J. Carniel, S. TI Variational analysis of drifter positions and model outputs for the reconstruction of surface currents in the central Adriatic during fall 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN DATA ASSIMILATION; COASTAL CIRCULATION MODEL; OCEANIC MODEL; SEA; EQUATION; COORDINATE; ADVECTION; SYSTEM; BUOY AB In this paper we present an application of a variational method for the reconstruction of the velocity field in a coastal flow in the central Adriatic Sea, using in situ data from surface drifters and outputs from the ROMS circulation model. The variational approach, previously developed and tested for mesoscale open ocean flows, has been improved and adapted to account for inhomogeneities on boundary current dynamics over complex bathymetry and coastline and for weak Lagrangian persistence in coastal flows. The velocity reconstruction is performed using nine drifter trajectories over 45 d, and a hierarchy of indirect tests is introduced to evaluate the results as the real ocean state is not known. For internal consistency and impact of the analysis, three diagnostics characterizing the particle prediction and transport, in terms of residence times in various zones and export rates from the boundary current toward the interior, show that the reconstruction is quite effective. A qualitative comparison with sea color data from the MODIS satellite images shows that the reconstruction significantly improves the description of the boundary current with respect to the ROMS model first guess, capturing its main features and its exchanges with the interior when sampled by the drifters. C1 [Taillandier, V.; Griffa, A.] RSAOS MPO, Miami, FL USA. [Griffa, A.] CNR, ISMAR, La Spezia, Italy. [Poulain, P. M.] INOGS, I-34010 Trieste, Italy. [Signell, R.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chiggiato, J.] ARPA SIM Emilia Romagna, Bologna, Italy. [Chiggiato, J.; Carniel, S.] CNR, ISMAR, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Taillandier, V.] IPSL, LOCEAN, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Taillandier, V (reprint author), IPSL, LOCEAN, Boite 100-4,Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM vincent.taillandier@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr RI Carniel, Sandro/J-9278-2012; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Carniel, Sandro/0000-0001-8317-1603; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Poulain, Pierre-Marie/0000-0003-1342-8463; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C4 AR C04004 DI 10.1029/2007JC004148 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 284PJ UT WOS:000254718000001 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB Bohlke, JK Kauffman, LJ Kipp, KL Landon, MK Crandall, CA Burow, KR Brown, CJ AF McMahon, P. B. Bohlke, J. K. Kauffman, L. J. Kipp, K. L. Landon, M. K. Crandall, C. A. Burow, K. R. Brown, C. J. TI Source and transport controls on the movement of nitrate to public supply wells in selected principal aquifers of the United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; NATURAL DENITRIFICATION; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; NITROGEN; CONTAMINATION; SYSTEM; DISCHARGE; ELECTRON AB In 2003 - 2005, systematic studies in four contrasting hydrogeologic settings were undertaken to improve understanding of source and transport controls on nitrate movement to public supply wells (PSW) in principal aquifers of the United States. Chemical, isotopic, and age tracer data show that agricultural fertilizers and urban septic leachate were the primary sources of large nitrate concentrations in PSW capture zones at Modesto, California ( Central Valley aquifer system) and York, Nebraska ( High Plains aquifer). Urban septic leachate and fertilizer ( possibly nonfarm) were the primary sources of large nitrate concentrations in PSW capture zones at Woodbury, Connecticut ( glacial aquifer system), and Tampa, Florida (Floridan aquifer system), respectively. Nitrate fluxes to the water table were larger in agricultural settings than urban settings, indicating that it would be beneficial to reduce PSW capture zone areas in agricultural regions. Mixing calculations indicate that about 50 to 85% of the nitrate in water from the PSW could be from those modern anthropogenic sources, with the remainder coming from sources in old (> 50 years) recharge or sources in young recharge in undisturbed settings such as forests. Excess N(2) concentrations and age tracers showed that denitrification at Modesto occurred gradually (first-order rate constant of 0.02/a) in a thick reaction zone following a similar to 30-year lag time after recharge. Denitrification generally was not an important nitrate sink at Woodbury. At York and Tampa, denitrification occurred rapidly ( 0.5 to 6/a) in thin reaction zones in fine-grained sediments that separated the anoxic PSW producing zones from overlying oxic, high-nitrate ground water. Particle tracking showed that a major pathway by which anthropogenic nitrate reached the York and Tampa PSW was by movement through long well screens crossing multiple hydrogeologic units ( York) and by movement through karst features (Tampa), processes which reduced ground water residence times in the denitrifying zones. These results illustrate how PSW vulnerability to nitrate contamination depends on complex variations and interactions between contaminant sources, reaction rates, transit times, mixing, and perturbation of ground water flow in contrasting hydrogeologic settings. C1 [McMahon, P. B.; Kipp, K. L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Bohlke, J. K.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Brown, C. J.] US Geol Survey, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Burow, K. R.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Crandall, C. A.] US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Kauffman, L. J.] US Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Landon, M. K.] US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 AR W04401 DI 10.1029/2007WR006252 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 284PW UT WOS:000254719300002 ER PT J AU Conard, JM Baumgardt, JA Gipson, PS Althoff, DP AF Conard, Jonathan M. Baumgardt, Jeremy A. Gipson, Philip S. Althoff, Donald P. TI The influence of trap density and sampling duration on the detection of small mammal species richness SO ACTA THERIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE detection probability; duration; small mammal; species richness; trap density ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; TERRESTRIAL SMALL MAMMALS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; LONG-TERM DYNAMICS; NATIONAL-PARK; ABUNDANCE; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY AB Assessing species richness of small mammal communities is an important research objective for many live-trapping studies designed to assess or monitor biological diversity. We tested the effectiveness and efficiency of various trap densities for determining estimates and counts of small mammal species richness. Trapping was conducted in grassland habitats in northeastern Kansas during spring and fall of 2002 and 2003. Estimates and counts of species richness were higher at increased trap densities. This effect appeared to be primarily due to the higher number of individuals sampled at higher trap densities. At least 3 nights duration was needed to produce a stable estimate of species richness for the range of trap densities tested (9-144 trap stations/ha). Higher trap densities generally reached stable richness estimates in fewer nights than low density trapping arrangements. Given that counts and estimates of species richness were influenced by trap density and sampling duration, it is critical that these parameters are selected to most effectively meet research objectives. C1 [Conard, Jonathan M.; Gipson, Philip S.; Althoff, Donald P.] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Baumgardt, Jeremy A.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Conard, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM conard@ksu.edu NR 53 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0001-7051 EI 2190-3743 J9 ACTA THERIOL JI Acta Theriol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1007/BF03194247 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 293PP UT WOS:000255347500005 ER PT J AU Fischer, JR Paukert, CP AF Fischer, Jesse R. Paukert, Craig P. TI Historical and current environmental influences on an endemic Great Plains fish SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FAUNA; PRAIRIE STREAMS; NORTH-AMERICA; ASSEMBLAGES; CONSERVATION; RESERVOIRS; HABITAT; RIVER; LIFE AB Native fishes of the Great Plains are at risk of decline due to disturbances to physical habitat caused by changes in land and water use, as well as shifts in species assemblages driven by the invasion of introduced species with the loss of natives. We used historical and current fish assemblage data in conjunction with current habitat information to assess these influences on an endemic Great Plains stream fish, the plains topminnow (Fundulus sciadicus). Of the 31 sites where the plains topminnow occurred historically (19391940), it was found in only seven of those sites in 2003-2005. Our results demonstrate a shift in fish assemblage over time that coincides with the loss of plains topminnow. Changes in fish assemblages were characterized by increases in occurrence of exotic, invasive and generalist species with declines in occurrences of native fishes. An information theoretic approach was used to evaluate candidate models of current fish assemblage and physical/chemical habitat on the presence of the plains topminnow. Candidate models that included both instream habitat (e.g., vegetation coverage, undercut banks) and the native fish species assemblage are important to predicting presence of the plains topminnow within its historic range. Conservation of Great Plains fishes including the plains topminnow will need a combination of habitat protection and enhancement. C1 [Fischer, Jesse R.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fischer, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Natl Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM fischer@iastate.edu NR 44 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2008 VL 159 IS 2 BP 364 EP 377 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[364:HACEIO]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 286KH UT WOS:000254844300009 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MH Seavy, NE Vekasy, MS Klavitter, JL Laniawe, LP AF Reynolds, M. H. Seavy, N. E. Vekasy, M. S. Klavitter, J. L. Laniawe, L. P. TI Translocation and early post-release demography of endangered Laysan teal SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Laysan duck; Anas laysanensis; matrix model; asymptotic growth rate; wild reintroduction; effective breeding population ID ANAS-LAYSANENSIS; ISLAND; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; BIOLOGY; DUCKS AB In an attempt to reduce the high extinction risk inherent to small island populations, we translocated wild Laysan teal Anas laysanensis to a portion of its presumed prehistoric range. Most avian translocations lack the strategic post-release monitoring needed to assess early population establishment or failure. Therefore, we monitored the survival and reproduction of all founders, and their first-generation offspring using radio telemetry for 2 years after the first release. Forty-two Laysan teal were sourced directly from the only extant population on Laysan Island and transported 2 days by ship to Midway Atoll. All birds survived the translocation with nutritional and veterinary support, and spent between 4 and 14 days in captivity. Post-release survival of 42 founders was 0.857 (95% CI 0.86-0.99) during 2004-2006 or annualized 0.92 (95% CI 0.83-0.98). Seventeen of 18 founding hens attempted nesting in the first two breeding seasons. Fledgling success was 0.57 (95% CI 0.55-0.60) in 2005 and 0.63 (95% CI 0.62-0.64) in 2006. The effective founding female population (N-e) was 13. We applied these initial demographic rates to model population growth. The nascent population size increased to > 100 after only 2 years post-release (lambda=1.73). If this growth rate continues, the size of the Midway population could surpass the source population before 2010. C1 [Reynolds, M. H.; Vekasy, M. S.; Laniawe, L. P.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, Hawaii, HI 96718 USA. [Seavy, N. E.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Pk,PACRC,UH Hilo, Hawaii, HI 96718 USA. [Klavitter, J. L.; Laniawe, L. P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Midway Atoll Natl Wildlife Refuge, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Reynolds, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, Hawaii, HI 96718 USA. EM michelle_reynolds@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00166.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281LJ UT WOS:000254498700011 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Grove, RA Kaiser, JL AF Henny, C. J. Grove, R. A. Kaiser, J. L. TI Osprey distribution, abundance, reproductive success and contaminant burdens along lower Columbia River, 1997/1998 versus 2004 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Osprey; Columbia River; Reproduction; Organochlorine pesticides; Dioxins; Furans; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Mercury ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; EGGS; BIRDS; MERCURY; EXPOSURE; USA; TRENDS; PCDDS AB The osprey (Pandion haliaetus) population nesting along the lower portion of the Columbia River (river mile 29 to 286) increased from 94 in 1997 to 103 occupied nests in 1998 (9.6% annual rate of increase) to 225 occupied nests in 2004 (13.9% annual rate of increase). The more recent rate of population increase was associated with higher reproductive rates than in 1997/1998, and significantly lower egg concentrations of most organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). A comparison of observed egg residue concentrations in 2004 with effect-level information for ospreys indicated that reproduction at few, if any, nests was adversely affected. As recent as 1997/1998, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) was still adversely affecting reproductive success for a portion of this population. Mercury was the only contaminant evaluated in both 1997/1998 and 2004 that showed a significant increase in eggs over time, but concentrations in 2004 (0.09 mu g g(-1) ww) remained below established effect levels for birds (generally reported at 0.50 mu g g(-1) ww or higher). The significant increase in mercury justifies the need for future monitoring. All contaminants mentioned that biomagnify up food chains can be effectively monitored in osprey eggs. The osprey has been shown to be an excellent sentinel species for long-term monitoring with their many useful traits described. C1 [Henny, C. J.; Grove, R. A.; Kaiser, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM charles_j_henny@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 54 IS 3 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-9041-1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 270YN UT WOS:000253756200019 PM 17926083 ER PT J AU Ross, DS AF Ross, David S. TI A quantitative evaluation of the iron-sulfur world and its relevance to life's origins SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron-sulfur; autocatalysis; kinetic simulation ID AMINO-ACIDS; BIOMOLECULES; PEPTIDES; SURFACES; CYCLE AB The significance of Wachtershauser's iron-sulfur world to the origin of life and the limits to its notional autocatalytic cycles are examined in kinetic simulations of the chain polymerization sequence primitive materials -> amino acids -> oligomers The simulations were run for the formation of all oligomers up to the 20-mer over a 1 Gy interval from the end of the period of heavy bombardment, during which period life emerged. Upper-limit rate constant estimates developed from the studies of Huber and Wachtershauser were employed. The simulations showed that oligomer production consistent with life's start within that interval emerges only with an autocatalyst exhibiting a catalytic proficiency comparable to that of contemporary enzymes. The simulations, moreover, ignored likely thermodynamic and statistical burdens which, if included, would have led to the need for catalytic capacities well in excess of those in present-day enzymes. Prebiotic oligomers with such levels of activity are clearly not likely, and it is apparent that the iron-sulfur scheme could not have played a role in life's beginnings. C1 [Ross, David S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), 149 Walter Hays Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM dsross3@yahoo.com NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD APR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1089/ast.2007.0199 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 293QN UT WOS:000255349900006 PM 18393692 ER PT J AU Kus, BE Peterson, BL Deutschman, DH AF Kus, Barbara E. Peterson, Bonnie L. Deutschman, Douglas H. TI A multiscale analysis of nest predation on Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo Bellii Pusillus) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE edge; golf courses; landscape characteristics; Least Bell's Vireo; nest concealment; nest predation; Vireo bellii pusillus; wetlands ID MESOPREDATOR RELEASE; SONGBIRD NESTS; SITE SELECTION; SUCCESS; COMMUNITIES; CONCEALMENT; HYPOTHESIS; EDGES; POPULATION; LANDSCAPE AB We examined variables influencing nest predation on the endangered Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) at three spatial scales to determine what nest-site, habitat, or landscape characteristics affect the likelihood of nest predation and to determine the spatial distribution of predation risk and the variables influencing it. We used MARK to calculate daily survival rates of Least Bell's Vireo nests and applied an information-theoretic approach to evaluate support for logistic regression models of the effect of habitat variables on predation risk. Analysis of data for 195 nests collected during 1999 and 2000 at the San Luis Rey River and Pilgrim Creek in southern California revealed no effect of fine-scale factors, including nest height, supporting plant species, and three measures of nest concealment, on the likelihood of predation. At the intermediate scale, distances to the riparian-habitat edge and to internal gaps in the canopy were unrelated to nest survival. Surrounding land-use type was a poor predictor of predation risk, with the exception of proximity to golf course-park habitat and wetland. Nests within 400 m of golf course-park were only 20% as likely to avoid predation as nests > 400 m from this habitat, and nests near wetland were more than twice as likely to survive as nests distant from wetland. Spatially, predation appeared to be random throughout the site, with localized clustering evident in the vicinity of golf course-park and wetland. Our results suggest that the landscape may be the most appropriate scale at which to manage nest predation in this system. C1 [Kus, Barbara E.; Peterson, Bonnie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Deutschman, Douglas H.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kus, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Stn, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM barbara_kus@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.06038 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800003 ER PT J AU Agness, AM Piatt, JF Ha, JC VanBlaricom, GR AF Agness, Alison M. Piatt, John F. Ha, James C. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. TI Effects of vessel activity on the near-shore ecology of Kittlitz's Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) in Glacier Bay, Alaska SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Brachyramphus brevirostris; Glacier Bay National Park; Kittlitz's Murrelet; seabirds; vessel disturbance ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; MARBLED MURRELETS; REGRESSION TREES; DIVING DUCKS; DISTURBANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Summer breeding populations of Kittlitz's Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) have declined by 80-90% in southeastern Alaska during the past 25 years. Boating activities overlap considerably in space and time with Kittlitz's Murrelets in Glacier Bay, and disturbance could affect individuals by causing them to fly away from preferred foraging sites, thereby disrupting foraging bouts or resting periods. We observed the effects of vessel activity on Kittlitz's Murrelets at sea for each of three response variables (density, group size, and behaviors) in Glacier Bay. Response variables were characterized at three time-scales of inference: immediate (instantaneous response to vessel passage), short-term (response that persisted 30 min after vessel passage), and daily (response on days with different vessel traffic rates). Group size was not affected by vessel activity. By contrast, near-shore densities were suppressed temporarily by vessel passage but recovered within the day. Density effects did not persist at the daily time-scale and, therefore, did not result in persistent loss of foraging habitat for Kittlitz's Murrelets. Also, behavior was affected at both the immediate and daily time-scales, but not at the short-term time-scale, and may have affected Kittlitz's Murrelets by increasing the amount of time spent flying, which is energetically costly. Vessel passage caused a 30-fold increase in flight behavior (from 0% to 30%). Large and fast-moving vessels caused the greatest disturbance to Kittlitz's Murrelets, which has implications for management of vessel activity. C1 [Agness, Alison M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ha, James C.] Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Agness, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Reg Protected Resources Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 1, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alison.agness@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 346 EP 353 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.06203 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800011 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Afton, AD AF Anteau, Michael J. Afton, Alan D. TI Using plasma-lipid metabolites to index changes in lipid reserves of free-living Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; catabolism; fattening; Lesser Scaup; mass change; metabolites; migration ID SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; BODY-MASS CHANGES; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; BIRDS; WARBLER; GEESE AB Understanding daily lipid-reserve changes in migrating wild birds is important for habitat assessment and species conservation. Plasma-lipid metabolites have been used to estimate rates of lipid accumulation or catabolism in small-bodied wild birds (< 75 g), but this has not been validated for larger-bodied wild birds such as waterfowl. We developed an index for detecting whether individual birds accumulate or catabolize lipid reserves by regressing plasma-lipid metabolite levels (triglyceride and P-hydroxybutyrate) and known one-day mass changes (daily mass change) of 22 free-living Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis; a larger-bodied species with typical mass range 600-1,000 g). Triglyceride and P-hydroxybutyrate predicted 75% of the variation in daily mass change (F = 28.85, df = 2 and 19, P < 0.001). Triglyceride was positively correlated (P = 0.029) with mass change, and P-hydroxybutyrate was negatively correlated (P < 0.001) with mass change (daily mass change = -54.49 + 11.82 [triglyceride] - 28.65 [beta-hydroxybutyrate(log)]). Our results indicate that triglyceride and P-hydroxybutyrate can estimate one-day changes in mass of free-living wild Lesser Scaup, which provides an index to daily changes in lipid reserves and should be useful for assessing quality of migration habitat. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 354 EP 357 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.06255 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800012 ER PT J AU Gorman, KB Esler, D Flint, PL Williams, TD AF Gorman, Kristen B. Esler, Daniel Flint, Paul L. Williams, Tony D. TI Nutrient-reserve dynamics during egg production by female Greater Scaup (Aythya marila): Relationships with timing of reproduction SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Aythya marila; Greater Scaup; nutrient reserves; reproductive timing; Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; SPRING CONDITION HYPOTHESIS; CLUTCH-SIZE; SEASONAL DECLINE; NORTHERN SHOVELERS; ALASKA; WATERFOWL; FOOD; BIRDS; TIME AB We studied nutrient-reserve dynamics of female Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) to quantify intraspecific strategies of nutrient acquisition for egg production, particularly in relation to the seasonal timing of reproduction (i.e., date of initiation of rapid follicle growth [RFG]). We collected female Greater Scaup on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, from arrival through clutch formation during the 2002 and 2003 breeding seasons, and we subsequently conducted standard proximate body-composition analysis. Endogenous lipid, protein, and mineral reserve levels did not decline during egg production. This result differs from most other nutrient-reserve studies of waterfowl, suggesting that female Greater Scaup rely on exogenous food resources, rather than endogenous nutrient reserves, to meet the energy and nutrient costs of clutch formation. Furthermore, endogenous nutrient-reserve levels did not decline with date of RFG initiation, which indicates that body condition at initiation of egg production was similar across the nesting season. We found evidence of nutrient-reserve thresholds for initiation of RFG, in that lipid, protein, and mineral reserves were smaller in nonreproductive than in reproductive females. In light of recent conservation concerns over declining North American scaup populations, our data contrast with nutrient-reserve dynamics described for Lesser Scaup (A. affinis). C1 [Gorman, Kristen B.; Williams, Tony D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V5K 3N2, Canada. [Flint, Paul L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Gorman, KB (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM kgorman@alumni.sfu.ca OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 384 EP 394 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.06151 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800016 ER PT J AU Sughrue, KM Brittingham, MC French, JB AF Sughrue, Karen M. Brittingham, Margaret C. French, John B., Jr. TI Endocrine effects of the herbicide linuron on the American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE American Goldfinch; Carduelis tristis; endocrine disrupters; linuron; molt; thyroxine ID REPRODUCTIVE MALFORMATIONS; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; PLUMAGE PIGMENTATION; TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; THYROID-HORMONES; PREBASIC MOLT; MALE RATS; IN-VIVO; PESTICIDES; SPARROWS AB Certain contaminants alter normal physiological function, morphology, and behavior of exposed organisms through an endocrine mechanism. We evaluated how the herbicide linuron, an endocrine-active compound, affects physiological parameters and secondary sex characteristics of the American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis). When administered at relatively low doses (control, 1.0, 4.0, and 16.0 mu g linuron per gram of body mass per day), linuron delayed prealternate molt progression in a dose-dependent manner. At the high dose level, linuron exposure lowered hematocrit and female plasma thyroxine concentrations and increased body mass. Neither plasma testosterone concentrations nor the color of plumage or integument of birds in the treatment groups were different from those of the control group. Overall, the physiological effects that were measured suggested disruption of thyroid function. These results highlight the importance of continual monitoring of avian populations for potential effects of exposure to pesticides and other chemicals at sublethal concentrations. C1 [Sughrue, Karen M.; Brittingham, Margaret C.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sughrue, Karen M.; French, John B., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sughrue, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 70 Commercial St,Suite 300, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM karen_sughrue@fws.gov NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.06264 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800019 ER PT J AU Nielson, RM McDonald, LL Sullivan, JP Burgess, C Johnson, DS Johnson, DH Bucholtz, S Hyberg, S Howlin, S AF Nielson, Ryan M. McDonald, Lyman L. Sullivan, Joseph P. Burgess, Colleen Johnson, Devin S. Johnson, Douglas H. Bucholtz, Shawn Hyberg, Skip Howlin, Shay TI Estimating the response of Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) to the Conservation Reserve Program SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; Conservation Reserve Program; hierarchical model; Markov-chain Monte Carlo; Phasianus colchicus; Poisson regression; Ring-necked Pheasant ID CERULEAN WARBLERS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; ABUNDANCE; MODEL; SELECTION; CRP; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; FIELDS; BIRDS AB We evaluated associations between the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) populations by modeling Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) counts of Ring-necked Pheasants during 1987-2005 along 388 routes in nine states. Ring-necked Pheasant counts were analyzed as overdispersed Poisson counts in a Bayesian hierarchical model estimated with Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods. This approach allowed for simultaneous estimation of the relationships between BBS counts and various habitat types, including CRP habitat types, for multiple regions and across the entire study area. The predictor variables included a time trend and percentages of major National Land Cover Dataset 1992 and CRP habitat types within a 1,000-m buffer around each route, along with other patch metrics. The deviance information criterion was used as a guide to help identify the most parsimonious model. We estimated that, on average, there was a positive association of Ring-necked Pheasant counts with the amount of CRP herbaceous vegetation within a 1,000-m buffer around a route. The analysis can be repeated periodically to model changes in Ring-necked Pheasant populations associated with new CRP enrollments and expiration of existing CRP contracts on a large scale. Our methodology can also be extended to other species and to other states and regions. C1 [Nielson, Ryan M.; McDonald, Lyman L.; Howlin, Shay] Western EcoSyst Technol, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Sullivan, Joseph P.] Ardea Consulting, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. [Burgess, Colleen] MathEcol, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bucholtz, Shawn] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hyberg, Skip] Farm Serv Agcy, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Nielson, RM (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol, 2003 Cent Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM rnielson@west-inc.com NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 434 EP 444 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07002 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800022 ER PT J AU Sovada, MA Pietz, PJ Conuerse, KA King, DT Hofmeister, EK Scherr, P Ip, HS AF Sovada, Marsha A. Pietz, Pamela J. Conuerse, Kathryn A. King, D. Tommy Hofmeister, Erik K. Scherr, Paulette Ip, Hon S. TI Impact of West Nile virus and other mortality factors on American white pelicans at breeding colonies in the northern plains of North America SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE American white pelican; late breeding season mortality; mortality factors; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; west Nile virus ID NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; SAGE-GROUSE; TRANSMISSION; SALMONELLA; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; POPULATION; MOSQUITOS; DYNAMICS; DECLINES AB American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) are colonial-nesting birds and their breeding sites are concentrated in a few small areas, making this species especially vulnerable to factors that can influence productivity, such as disease, disturbance, predation, weather events and loss of nesting habitat. Nearly half of the American white pelican population breeds at four colonies in the northern plains: Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in North Dakota, Bitter Lake (Waubay NWR) in South Dakota, Medicine Lake NWR in Montana, and Marsh Lake in Minnesota. Thus, sustained productivity at these colonies is crucial to the health of the entire species. During the latter half of the 2002 and 2003 breeding seasons, unusually high mortality of pelican chicks was observed at these colonies. West Nile virus (WNv) was identified as one source of these losses. In 2004-2007 we monitored three major colonies in the northern plains to assess mortality of chicks during the late breeding season. We documented severe weather events, disturbance, and WNv as factors contributing to chick mortality. Before WNv arrived in the region in 2002, chick mortality after mid-July was <= 4%, and then jumped to as high as 44% in the years since WNv arrived. WNv kills older chicks that are no longer vulnerable to other common mortality factors (e.g., severe weather, gull predation) and typically would have survived to fledge; thus WNv appears to be an additive mortality factor. Persistence of lower productivity at American white pelican colonies in the northern plains might reduce the adult breeding population of this species in the region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sovada, Marsha A.; Pietz, Pamela J.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Conuerse, Kathryn A.; Hofmeister, Erik K.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [King, D. Tommy] Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Sovada, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM MSovada@usgs.gov; PPietz@usgs.gov; kconverse@usgs.gov; Tommy.King@aphis.usda.gov; EHoffmeister@usgs.gov; Paulette_Scherr@fws.gov; Hip@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2008 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1031 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.01.019 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 305MO UT WOS:000256182700012 ER PT J AU Todd, BD Rothermel, BB Reed, RN Luhring, TM Schlatter, K Trenkamp, L Gibbons, JW AF Todd, Brian D. Rothermel, Betsie B. Reed, Robert N. Luhring, Thomas M. Schlatter, Karen Trenkamp, Lester Gibbons, J. Whitfield TI Habitat alteration increases invasive fire ant abundance to the detriment of amphibians and reptiles SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma; clearcutting; cover boards; forest management; mole salamander; Solenopsis invicta ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; ALLIGATORS; MOVEMENTS; WILDLIFE; TOAD AB Altered habitats have been suggested to facilitate red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) colonization and dispersal, possibly compounding effects of habitat alteration on native wildlife. In this study, we compared colonization intensity of wood cover boards by S. invicta among four forest management treatments in South Carolina, USA: an unharvested control (> 30 years old); a partially thinned stand; a clearcut with coarse woody debris retained; and a clearcut with coarse woody debris removed. Additionally, we compared dehydration rates and survival of recently metamorphosed salamanders (marbled salamanders, Ambystoma opacum, and mole salamanders, A. talpoideum) among treatments. We found that the number of wood cover boards colonized by S. invicta differed significantly among treatments, being lowest in the unharvested forest treatments and increasing with the degree of habitat alteration. Salamanders that were maintained in experimental field enclosures to study water loss were unexpectedly subjected to high levels of S. invicta predation that differed among forest treatments. All known predation by S. invicta was restricted to salamanders in clearcuts. The amount of vegetative ground cover was inversely related to the likelihood of S. invicta predation of salamanders. Our results show that S. invicta abundance increases with habitat disturbance and that this increased abundance has negative consequences for amphibians that remain in altered habitats. Our findings also suggest that the presence of invasive S. invicta may compromise the utility of cover boards and other techniques commonly used in herpetological studies in the Southeast. C1 [Todd, Brian D.; Rothermel, Betsie B.; Luhring, Thomas M.; Schlatter, Karen; Gibbons, J. Whitfield] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Reed, Robert N.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Trenkamp, Lester] So Utah Univ, Dept Biol, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. RP Todd, BD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM todd@sre1.edu RI Luhring, Thomas/A-9489-2012; Rothermel, Betsie/L-6774-2013 OI Luhring, Thomas/0000-0001-7982-5862; NR 29 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9150-9 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 275QO UT WOS:000254086900013 ER PT J AU Aagaard, BT Beroza, GC AF Aagaard, Brad T. Beroza, Gregory C. TI The 1906 San Francisco earthquake a century later: Introduction to the special section SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; CLARA VALLEY; SLIP; CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE; FAULT; SITE C1 [Aagaard, Brad T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beroza, Gregory C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Aagaard, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 817 EP 822 DI 10.1785/0120060401 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281VW UT WOS:000254528000026 ER PT J AU Boatwright, J Bundock, H AF Boatwright, John Bundock, Howard TI The distribution of modified Mercalli intensity in the 18 April 1906 San Francisco earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ANDREAS FAULT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE VELOCITY AB We analyze Boatwright and Bundock's (2005) modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) map for the 18 April 1906 San Francisco earthquake, reviewing their interpretation of the MMI scale and testing their correlation of 1906 cemetery damage with MMI intensity. We consider in detail four areas of the intensity map where Boatwright and Bundock (2005) added significantly to the intensity descriptions compiled by Lawson (1908). We show that the distribution of off-fault damage in Sonoma County suggests that the rupture velocity approached the P-wave velocity along Tomales Bay. In contrast, the falloff of intensity with distance from the fault appears approximately constant throughout Mendocino County. The intensity in Humboldt County appears somewhat higher than the intensity in Mendocino County, suggesting that the rupture process at the northern end of the rupture was relatively energetic and that there was directivity consistent with a subsonic rupture velocity on the section of the fault south of Shelter Cove. Finally, we show that the intensity sites added in Santa Cruz County change the intensity distribution so that it decreases gradually along the southeastern section of rupture from Corralitos to San Juan Bautista and implies that the stress release on this section of rupture was relatively low. C1 [Boatwright, John; Bundock, Howard] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boatwright, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 890 EP 900 DI 10.1785/0120060404 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281VW UT WOS:000254528000031 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Hutton, K AF Hough, Susan E. Hutton, Kate TI Revisiting the 1872 Owens Valley, California, earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE; WAVE-PROPAGATION; NORTH-AMERICA; STATIC STRESS; LG-WAVES; SLIP; FAULT; INTENSITIES; MAGNITUDE; EVOLUTION AB The 26 March 1872 Owens Valley earthquake is among the largest historical earthquakes in California. The felt area and maximum fault displacements have long been regarded as comparable to, if not greater than, those of the great San Andreas fault earthquakes of 1857 and 1906, but mapped surface ruptures of the latter two events were 2-3 times longer than that inferred for the 1872 rupture. The preferred magnitude estimate of the Owens Valley earthquake has thus been 7.4, based largely on the geological evidence. Reinterpreting macroseismic accounts of the Owens Valley earthquake, we infer generally lower intensity values than those estimated in earlier studies. Nonetheless, as recognized in the early twentieth century, the effects of this earthquake were still generally more dramatic at regional distances than the macroseismic effects from the 1906 earthquake, with light damage to masonry buildings at ( nearest-fault) distances as large as 400 km. Macroseismic observations thus suggest a magnitude greater than that of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, which appears to be at odds with geological observations. However, while the mapped rupture length of the Owens Valley earthquake is relatively low, the average slip was high. The surface rupture was also complex and extended over multiple fault segments. It was first mapped in detail over a century after the earthquake occurred, and recent evidence suggests it might have been longer than earlier studies indicated. Our preferred magnitude estimate is M-w 7.8-7.9, values that we show are consistent with the geological observations. The results of our study suggest that either the Owens Valley earthquake was larger than the 1906 San Francisco earthquake or that, by virtue of source properties and/or propagation effects, it produced systematically higher ground motions at regional distances. The latter possibility implies that some large earthquakes in California will generate significantly larger ground motions than San Andreas fault events of comparable magnitude. C1 [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Hutton, Kate] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 931 EP 949 DI 10.1785/0120070186 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281VW UT WOS:000254528000034 ER PT J AU Brocher, TM AF Brocher, Thomas M. TI Compressional and shear-wave velocity versus depth relations for common rock types in northern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MENDOCINO TRIPLE JUNCTION; SANTA-CLARA VALLEY; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SIERRA-NEVADA; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; STRONG-MOTION; COAST RANGES; GREAT VALLEY; EARTHQUAKE AB This article presents new empirical compressional and shear-wave velocity (Vp and Vs) versus depth relationships for the most common rock types in northern California. Vp versus depth relations were developed from borehole, laboratory, seismic refraction and tomography, and density measurements, and were converted to Vs versus depth relations using new empirical relations between Vp and Vs. The relations proposed here account for increasing overburden pressure but not for variations in other factors that can influence velocity over short distance scales, such as lithology, consolidation, induration, porosity, and stratigraphic age. Standard deviations of the misfits predicted by these relations thus provide a measure of the importance of the variability in Vp and Vs caused by these other factors. Because gabbros, greenstones, basalts, and other mafic rocks have a different Vp and Vs relationship than sedimentary and granitic rocks, the differences in Vs between these rock types at depths below 6 or 7 km are generally small. The new relations were used to derive the 2005 U. S. Geological Survey seismic velocity model for northern California employed in the broadband strong motion simulations of the 1989 Loma Prieta and 1906 San Francisco earthquakes; initial tests of the model indicate that the Vp model generally compares favorably to regional seismic tomography models but that the Vp and Vs values proposed for the Franciscan Complex may be about 5% too high. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brocher, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, M-S 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 71 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 950 EP 968 DI 10.1785/0120060403 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281VW UT WOS:000254528000035 ER PT J AU Aagaard, BT Brocher, TM Dolenc, D Dreger, D Graves, RW Harmsen, S Hartzell, S Larsen, S Zoback, ML AF Aagaard, Brad T. Brocher, Thomas M. Dolenc, David Dreger, Douglas Graves, Robert W. Harmsen, Stephen Hartzell, Stephen Larsen, Shawn Zoback, Mary Lou TI Ground-motion modeling of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, part I: Validation using the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; WAVE-PROPAGATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLARA VALLEY; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; SEISMIC RESPONSE; VELOCITY; ACCELERATION; INVERSION; SPECTRA AB We compute ground motions for the Beroza (1991) and Wald et al. (1991) source models of the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake using four different wave-propagation codes and recently developed 3D geologic and seismic velocity models. In preparation for modeling the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, we use this well-recorded earthquake to characterize how well our ground-motion simulations reproduce the observed shaking intensities and amplitude and durations of recorded motions throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. All of the simulations generate ground motions consistent with the large-scale spatial variations in shaking associated with rupture directivity and the geologic structure. We attribute the small variations among the synthetics to the minimum shear-wave speed permitted in the simulations and how they accommodate topography. Our long-period simulations, on average, under predict shaking intensities by about one-half modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) units (25%-35% in peak velocity), while our broadband simulations, on average, under predict the shaking intensities by one-fourth MMI units (16% in peak velocity). Discrepancies with observations arise due to errors in the source models and geologic structure. The consistency in the synthetic waveforms across the wave-propagation codes for a given source model suggests the uncertainty in the source parameters tends to exceed the uncertainty in the seismic velocity structure. In agreement with earlier studies, we find that a source model with slip more evenly distributed northwest and southeast of the hypocenter would be preferable to both the Beroza and Wald source models. Although the new 3D seismic velocity model improves upon previous velocity models, we identify two areas needing improvement. Nevertheless, we find that the seismic velocity model and the wave-propagation codes are suitable for modeling the 1906 earthquake and scenario events in the San Francisco Bay Area. C1 [Aagaard, Brad T.; Brocher, Thomas M.; Zoback, Mary Lou] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dolenc, David; Dreger, Douglas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Graves, Robert W.] URS Corp, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Harmsen, Stephen; Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Larsen, Shawn] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Aagaard, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X; Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 NR 69 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 989 EP 1011 DI 10.1785/0120060409 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281VW UT WOS:000254528000037 ER PT J AU Aagaard, BT Brocher, TM Dolenc, D Dreger, D Graves, RW Harmsen, S Hartzell, S Larsen, S McCandless, K Nilsson, S Petersson, NA Rodgers, A Sjogreen, B Zoback, ML AF Aagaard, Brad T. Brocher, Thomas M. Dolenc, David Dreger, Douglas Graves, Robert W. Harmsen, Stephen Hartzell, Stephen Larsen, Shawn McCandless, Kathleen Nilsson, Stefan Petersson, N. Anders Rodgers, Arthur Sjoegreen, Bjoern Zoback, Mary Lou TI Ground-motion modeling of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, part II: Ground-motion estimates for the 1906 earthquake and scenario events SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; CLARA VALLEY; FAULT SLIP; RUPTURE; VELOCITY; INTENSITIES; SPECTRA; SURFACE AB We estimate the ground motions produced by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake making use of the recently developed Song et al. (2008) source model that combines the available geodetic and seismic observations and recently constructed 3D geologic and seismic velocity models. Our estimates of the ground motions for the 1906 earthquake are consistent across five ground-motion modeling groups employing different wave propagation codes and simulation domains. The simulations successfully reproduce the main features of the Boatwright and Bundock (2005) ShakeMap, but tend to over predict the intensity of shaking by 0.1-0.5 modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) units. Velocity waveforms at sites throughout the San Francisco Bay Area exhibit characteristics consistent with rupture directivity, local geologic conditions (e. g., sedimentary basins), and the large size of the event (e. g., durations of strong shaking lasting tens of seconds). We also compute ground motions for seven hypothetical scenarios rupturing the same extent of the northern San Andreas fault, considering three additional hypocenters and an additional, random distribution of slip. Rupture directivity exerts the strongest influence on the variations in shaking, although sedimentary basins do consistently contribute to the response in some locations, such as Santa Rosa, Livermore, and San Jose. These scenarios suggest that future large earthquakes on the northern San Andreas fault may subject the current San Francisco Bay urban area to stronger shaking than a repeat of the 1906 earthquake. Ruptures propagating southward towards San Francisco appear to expose more of the urban area to a given intensity level than do ruptures propagating northward. C1 [Aagaard, Brad T.; Brocher, Thomas M.; Zoback, Mary Lou] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dolenc, David; Dreger, Douglas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Graves, Robert W.] URS Corp, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Harmsen, Stephen; Hartzell, Stephen] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80225 USA. [Larsen, Shawn] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [McCandless, Kathleen] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Comp Applicat & Res Dept, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Nilsson, Stefan; Petersson, N. Anders; Sjoegreen, Bjoern] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Rodgers, Arthur] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Aagaard, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011; Graves, Robert/B-2401-2013; OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X; Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 NR 56 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 1012 EP 1046 DI 10.1785/0120060410 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281VW UT WOS:000254528000038 ER PT J AU Olsen, AH Aagaard, BT Heaton, TH AF Olsen, Anna H. Aagaard, Brad T. Heaton, Thomas H. TI Long-period building response to earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOMENT-FRAME BUILDINGS; SEISMIC ISOLATION; MOTIONS; DAMAGE AB This article reports a study of modeled, long-period building responses to ground-motion simulations of earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area. The earthquakes include the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake, a magnitude 7.8 simulation of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, and two hypothetical magnitude 7.8 northern San Andreas fault earthquakes with hypocenters north and south of San Francisco. We use the simulated ground motions to excite nonlinear models of 20-story, steel, welded moment-resisting frame (MRF) buildings. We consider MRF buildings designed with two different strengths and modeled with either ductile or brittle welds. Using peak interstory drift ratio (IDR) as a performance measure, the stiffer, higher strength building models outperform the equivalent more flexible, lower strength designs. The hypothetical magnitude 7.8 earthquake with hypocenter north of San Francisco produces the most severe ground motions. In this simulation, the responses of the more flexible, lower strength building model with brittle welds exceed an IDR of 2.5% (that is, threaten life safety) on 54% of the urban area, compared to 4.6% of the urban area for the stiffer, higher strength building with ductile welds. We also use the simulated ground motions to predict the maximum isolator displacement of base-isolated buildings with linear, single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models. For two existing 3-sec isolator systems near San Francisco, the design maximum displacement is 0.5 m, and our simulations predict isolator displacements for this type of system in excess of 0.5 m in many urban areas. This article demonstrates that a large, 1906-like earthquake could cause significant damage to long-period buildings in the San Francisco Bay Area. C1 [Olsen, Anna H.; Heaton, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Aagaard, Brad T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Olsen, AH (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E California Blvd,MC 104-44, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 1047 EP 1065 DI 10.1785/0120060408 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281VW UT WOS:000254528000039 ER PT J AU Geist, DJ Harpp, KS Naumann, TR Poland, M Chadwick, WW Hall, M Rader, E AF Geist, Dennis J. Harpp, Karen S. Naumann, Terry R. Poland, Michael Chadwick, William W. Hall, Minard Rader, Erika TI The 2005 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos, Ecuador SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caldera; basalt; Galapagos; tephra; lava flow emplacement; volcano deformation; magma chamber processes ID IKI LAVA LAKE; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY; SURFACE DEFORMATION; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; FISSURE ERUPTIONS; ISABELA-ISLAND; CERRO AZUL; HAWAII; KILAUEA AB Sierra Negra volcano began erupting on 22 October 2005, after a repose of 26 years. A plume of ash and steam more than 13 km high accompanied the initial phase of the eruption and was quickly followed by a similar to 2-km-long curtain of lava fountains. The eruptive fissure opened inside the north rim of the caldera, on the opposite side of the caldera from an active fault system that experienced an m(b) 4.6 earthquake and similar to 84 cm of uplift on 16 April 2005. The main products of the eruption were an a a flow that ponded in the caldera and clastigenic lavas that flowed down the north flank. The a a flow grew in an unusual way. Once it had established most of its aerial extent, the interior of the flow was fed via a perched lava pond, causing inflation of the a a. This pressurized fluid interior then fed pahoehoe breakouts along the margins of the flow, many of which were subsequently overridden by a a, as the crust slowly spread from the center of the pond and tumbled over the pahoehoe. The curtain of lava fountains coalesced with time, and by day 4, only one vent was erupting. The effusion rate slowed from day 7 until the eruption's end two days later on 30 October. Although the caldera floor had inflated by similar to 5 m since 1992, and the rate of inflation had accelerated since 2003, there was no transient deformation in the hours or days before the eruption. During the 8 days of the eruption, GPS and InSAR data show that the caldera floor deflated similar to 5 m, and the volcano contracted horizontally similar to 6 m. The total eruptive volume is estimated as being similar to 150x10(6) m(3). The opening-phase tephra is more evolved than the eruptive products that followed. The compositional variation of tephra and lava sampled over the course of the eruption is attributed to eruption from a zoned sill that lies 2.1 km beneath the caldera floor. C1 [Geist, Dennis J.] Univ Idaho 3022, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Harpp, Karen S.; Rader, Erika] Colgate Univ, Dept Geol, Hamilton, NY 13348 USA. [Naumann, Terry R.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol, Anchorage, AK USA. [Poland, Michael] USGS HVO, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. [Chadwick, William W.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hall, Minard] Escuela Politec Nacl, Inst Geofis, Quito 17012759, Ecuador. RP Geist, DJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho 3022, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM dgeist@uidaho.edu; kharpp@mail.colgate.edu; aftrn@uaa.alaska.edu; mpoland@usgs.gov; William.W.Chadwick@noaa.gov OI Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 6 BP 655 EP 673 DI 10.1007/s00445-007-0160-3 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 276YA UT WOS:000254178400001 ER PT J AU Reiter, ME Boal, CW Andersen, DE AF Reiter, Matthew E. Boal, Clint W. Andersen, David E. TI Anurans in a Subarctic Tundra Landscape Near Cape Churchill, Manitoba SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Boreal Chorus Frog; Pseudacris maculata; Wood Frog; Lithobates sylvaticus; Subarctic tundra; Manitoba ID AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; HUDSON-BAY; GEESE; EXTINCTIONS; RADIATION; EMBRYOS AB Distribution. abundance, and habitat relationships of anurans inhabiting subarctic regions are poorly understood, and anuran monitoring protocols developed for temperate regions may not be applicable across large roadless areas of northern landscapes. In addition, arctic and subarctic regions of North America are predicted to experience changes in climate and, in some areas, are experiencing habitat alteration due to high rates of herbivory by breeding and migrating waterfowl. To better understand subarctic anuran abundance, distribution, and habitat associations, we conducted anuran calling surveys in the Cape Churchill region of Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada, in 2004 and 2005. We conducted Surveys along similar to 1-km transects distributed across three landscape types (coastal tundra, interior sedge meadow-tundra, and boreal forest-tundra interface) to estimate densities and probabilities of detection of Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata) and Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). We detected a Wood Fro., or Boreal Chorus Frog on 22 (87%) of 26 transects surveyed, but probability of detection varied between years and species and among landscape types. Estimated densities of both species increased from the coastal zone inland toward the boreal forest edge. Our results suggest anurans occur across all three landscape types in our study area, but that species-specific spatial patterns exist in their abundances. Considerations for both spatial and temporal variation in abundance, and detection probability need to be incorporated into Surveys and monitoring programs for Subarctic anurans. C1 [Reiter, Matthew E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Reiter, ME (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr 11, Petaloma, CA 94954 USA. EM mreiter@prbo.org FU Parks Canada; Wapusk National Park FX We thank Parks Canada, Wapusk National Park for providing funding for helicopter support to conduct anuran calling surveys in 2004 and 2005. Manitoba Conservation, the Mississippi Flyway Council, and Parks Canada provided logistical support in the form of maintenance and operation of the Nestor One research camp at Cape Churchill, from which we conducted Surveys. Hudson Bay Helicopters, Ltd. provided flight support. We especially wish to acknowledge B. Reichert, M. Gillespie (Manitoba Conservation), B. Reside (Parks Canada), and J. Brauner, S. Dewindt, and R. Doty Of Hudson Bay Helicopters for their efforts in support of field work in 2004 and 2005. We acknowledge D. LaPointe (U. S. Geological Survey), G. Perry (Texas Tech University), and K. Stewart (University of Manitoba) for comments improving this manuscript. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 122 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 531NN UT WOS:000272674300004 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI Spatial and Temporal Differences in Giant Kidney Worm, Dictophyma renale, Prevalence in Minnesota Mink, Mustela vison SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Mink; Mustela vison; giant kidney worm; Dioctophyma renale; Lumbriculus variegatus; Minnesota ID DIOCTOPHYMA-RENALE; GOEZE AB Examination of 110 Mink (Mustela vison) carcasses from 1998 through 2007 indicated that the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale, Occurred in Pine and Kanabec Counties of eastern Minnesota with annual prevalences of 0-92%. Worm prevalence increased from 20% in 1999 to 92% in 2001 and decreased to 6% in 2005. During 2000 to 2007, no worms were found in Mink from Anoka and Chisaggo Counties (n = 54). and in 2000, none in 107 Mink from LeSeur, Freeborn, Redwood, Brown and Watonwan Counties. Changes in kidney worm prevalence were positively related to trapping success, considered an index of Mink density. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 122 IS 2 BP 162 EP 165 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 531NN UT WOS:000272674300009 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI Weight Changes in Wild Wolves, Canis lupus, from Ages 2 to 24 Months SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Wolves; Canis lupus; weights; growth; development; Minnesota ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GRAY WOLF; MINNESOTA; POPULATION AB Weights of 118 female and 141 male Minnesota Wolves (Canis lupus) aged 2-24 months increased almost linearly from about 8 kg for females and 10 kg for males at 3 months to 30 kg for females and 32 kg for males at 10-12 months and then tended to increase much more slowly ill all Overall Curvilinear trend. Considerable variation was apparent for both sexes during their first year. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. FU Biological Resources Division; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station FX This study was supported by the Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of Agriculture North Central Research Station. M. E. Nelson and numerous Volunteers live-trapped the Study animals and performed the age estimates. Shannon Barber-Meyer and Dan Stark and two anonymous reviewers offered helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 122 IS 2 BP 173 EP 175 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 531NN UT WOS:000272674300013 ER PT J AU Peterson, DP Rieman, BE Dunham, JB Fausch, KD Young, MK AF Peterson, Douglas P. Rieman, Bruce E. Dunham, Jason B. Fausch, Kurt D. Young, Michael K. TI Analysis of trade-offs between threats of invasion by nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and intentional isolation for native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; CANADIAN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; POPULATION-VIABILITY; CONSERVATION STRATEGY; PROBABILITY NETWORK; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RIVER DRAINAGE AB Native salmonid fishes often face simultaneous threats from habitat fragmentation and invasion by nonnative trout species. Unfortunately, management actions to address one may create or exacerbate the other. A consistent decision process would include a systematic analysis of when and where intentional use or removal of barriers is the most appropriate action. We developed a Bayesian belief network as a tool for such analyses. We focused on native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and considered the environmental factors influencing both species, their potential interactions, and the effects of isolation on the persistence of local cutthroat trout populations. The trade-offs between isolation and invasion were strongly influenced by size and habitat quality of the stream network to be isolated and existing demographic linkages within and among populations. An application of the model in several sites in western Montana (USA) showed the process could help clarify management objectives and options and prioritize conservation actions among streams. The approach can also facilitate communication among parties concerned with native salmonids, nonnative fish invasions, barriers and intentional isolation, and management of the associated habitats and populations. C1 [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.; Dunham, Jason B.] Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Young, Michael K.] Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Peterson, DP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 585 Shepard Way, Helena, MT USA. EM doug_peterson@fws.ov RI Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 NR 74 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 7 U2 27 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 557 EP 573 DI 10.1139/F07-184 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285MD UT WOS:000254780000001 ER PT J AU Boyer, MC Muhlfeld, CC Allendorf, FW AF Boyer, Matthew C. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Allendorf, Fred W. TI Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion and the spread of hybridization with native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; POPULATION SUBDIVISION; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENETIC-MARKERS; CONSERVATION; LOCI; EVOLUTION; HYBRIDS AB We analyzed 13 microsatellite loci to estimate gene flow among westslope cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, populations and determine the invasion pattern of hybrids between native O. c. lewisi and introduced rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in streams of the upper Flathead River system, Montana (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). Fourteen of 31 sites lacked evidence of O. mykiss introgression, and gene flow among these nonhybridized O. c. lewisi populations was low, as indicated by significant allele frequency divergence among populations (theta(ST) = 0.076, rho(ST) = 0.094, P < 0.001). Among hybridized sites, O. mykiss admixture declined with upstream distance from a site containing a hybrid swarm with a predominant (92%) O. mykiss genetic contribution. The spatial distribution of hybrid genotypes at seven diagnostic microsatellite loci revealed that O. mykiss invasion is facilitated by both long distance dispersal from this hybrid swarm and stepping-stone dispersal between hybridized populations. This study provides an example of how increased straying rates in the invasive taxon can contribute to the spread of extinction by hybridization and suggests that eradicating sources of introgression may be a useful conservation strategy for protecting species threatened with genomic extinction. C1 [Boyer, Matthew C.; Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Boyer, MC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mboyer@mt.gov NR 66 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 42 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 658 EP 669 DI 10.1139/F08-001 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285MD UT WOS:000254780000009 ER PT J AU Rykhus, RP Lu, Z AF Rykhus, R. P. Lu, Z. TI InSAR detects possible thaw settlement in the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; ACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS; KUPARUK RIVER-BASIN; SOIL-MOISTURE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; LAKE BASINS; CLIMATE; PERMAFROST; PATTERNS; EARTHQUAKE AB Satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has proven to be an effective tool for monitoring surface deformation from volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, and groundwater withdrawal. This paper seeks to expand the list of applications of InSAR data to include monitoring subsidence possibly associated with thaw settlement over the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain. To test our hypothesis that InSAR data are sufficiently sensitive to detect subsidence associated with thaw settlement, we acquired all Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) L-band data available for the summers of 1996, 1997, and 1998 over two sites on the Alaska North Slope. The least amount of subsidence for both study sites was detected in the interferograms covering the summer of 1996 (2-3 cm), interferograms from 1997 and 1998 revealed that about 3 cm of subsidence occurred at the northern Cache One Lake site, and about 5 cm of subsidence was detected at the southern Kaparuk River site. These preliminary results illustrate the capacity of the L-band (24 cm) wavelength JERS-1 radar data to penetrate the short Arctic vegetation to monitor subsidence possibly associated with thaw settlement of the active layer and (or) other hydrologic changes over relatively large areas. C1 [Rykhus, R. P.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Lu, Z.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Rykhus, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS, Sci Applicat Int Corp, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM rykhus@usgs.gov FU USGS Land Remote Sensing Program; USGS Geography Prospectus Fund FX JERS-1 SAR data are copyright Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 1996-1998, and were provided by the Alaska SAR Facility (ASF). This study was supported by the USGS Land Remote Sensing Program and USGS Geography Prospectus Fund. We thank ASF User Services for providing the raw JERS-1 SAR signal data and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and thorough reviews. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS & SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 0703-8992 EI 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 100 EP 112 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 348HE UT WOS:000259200800007 ER PT J AU Tirpak, JM Giuliano, WM Miller, CA AF Tirpak, John M. Giuliano, William M. Miller, C. Allan TI Ruffed grouse brood habitat selection at multiple scales in Pennsylvania: implications for survival SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; MAMMALIAN PREDATORS; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; LANDSCAPE; VEGETATION; FORESTS; EDGE; ABUNDANCE; SIZE AB Declines in ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus (L., 1766)) populations in the central and southern Appalachians may be linked to low brood survival. Therefore, managing for high-quality brood habitat could improve grouse numbers. Understanding how brood habitat selection affects survival and the spatial scale at which this occurs is therefore fundamental to developing effective habitat management strategies. From 1999-2002, we monitored 38 broods for 5aweeks post hatch and estimated utilization distributions (n = 28), site-scale habitat use (n = 21), and daily survival rate (mean = 0.966, range = 0.920-0.997, and n = 19). Relative to available habitat, broods selected sites with greater herbaceous ground cover and higher small (< 2.5acm diameter at breast height, DBH) stem densities and landscapes containing higher proportions of road and young deciduous forest. Herbaceous ground cover provided arthropod prey and concealment from predators and was a primary factor driving habitat selection. High stem densities and early successional habitats provided increased security, but were only used if adequate ground cover was present. Broods strongly selected roads and experienced higher survival near edges. However, higher road densities were associated with lower survival at the landscape scale. This pattern reflects the differential scale at which grouse and their predators respond to edge. C1 [Tirpak, John M.] Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Biol Field Stn, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. [Giuliano, William M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. California Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, California, PA 15419 USA. RP Tirpak, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM john_tirpak@fws.gov NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD APR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 4 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1139/Z07-143 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 283OB UT WOS:000254644700011 ER PT J AU Chelgren, ND Rosenberg, DK Heppell, SS Gitelman, AI AF Chelgren, Nathan D. Rosenberg, Daniel K. Heppell, Selina S. Gitelman, Alix I. TI Individual variation affects departure rate from the natal pond in an ephemeral pond-breeding anuran SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID RED-LEGGED FROGS; LIFE-HISTORY; ACTIVITY METABOLISM; BUFO-AMERICANUS; LARVAL DENSITY; RANA-PIPIENS; BODY SIZE; AMPHIBIANS; PERFORMANCE; METAMORPHOSIS AB Frogs exhibit extreme plasticity and individual variation in growth and behavior during metamorphosis, driven by interactions of intrinsic state factors and extrinsic environmental factors. In northern red-legged frogs (Rana aurora Baird and Girard, 1852), we studied the timing of departure from the natal pond as it relates to date and size of individuals at metamorphosis in the context of environmental uncertainty. To affect body size at metamorphosis, we manipulated food availability during the larval stage for a sample (317) of 1045 uniquely marked individuals and released them at their natal ponds as newly metamorphosed frogs. We recaptured 34% of marked frogs in pitfall traps as they departed and related the timing of their initial terrestrial movements to individual properties using a time-to-event model. Median age at first capture was 4 and 9adays postmetamorphosis at two sites. The rate of departure was positively related to body size and to date of metamorphosis. Departure rate was strongly negatively related to time elapsed since rainfall, and this effect was diminished for smaller and later metamorphosing frogs. Individual variation in metamorphic traits thus affects individuals' responses to environmental variability, supporting a behavioral link with variation in survival associated with these same metamorphic traits. C1 [Gitelman, Alix I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chelgren, Nathan D.; Rosenberg, Daniel K.; Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Chelgren, ND (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nathan_chelgren@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 4 BP 260 EP 267 DI 10.1139/Z08-003 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 283OB UT WOS:000254644700004 ER PT J AU Slack, JF Aleinikoff, JN Belkin, HE Fanning, CM Ransom, PW AF Slack, John F. Aleinikoff, John N. Belkin, Harvey E. Fanning, C. Mark Ransom, Paul W. TI Mineral chemistry and SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Mesoproterozoic polycrase-titanite veins in the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE polycrase; titanite; veins; Sullivan deposit; Mesoproterozoic age; U-Pb geochronology; electron-microprobe compositions; genesis; British Columbia ID GRANITIC PEGMATITES; PURCELL SUPERGROUP; ISOTOPE EVOLUTION; OXIDE MINERALS; IGNEOUS ROCKS; MOYIE SILLS; TH-PB; REE; NB; MICROPROBE AB Small polycrase-titanite veins 0.1-2 mm thick cut the tourmalinite feeder zone in the deep footwall of the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Southeastern British Columbia. Unaltered, euhedral crystals of polycrase and titanite 50-100 mu m in diameter are variably replaced by a finer-grained alteration-induced assemblage composed of anhedral polycrase and titanite with local calcite, albite, epidote, allanite. and thorite or uranothorite (or both). Average compositions of the unaltered and altered polycrase, as determined by electron-microprobe analysis, are (Y0.38REE0.49Ta0.10Ca0.04Pb0.03Fe0.01U0.01)(Ti1.48Nb0.54W0.04Ta0.02)O-6 and (Y0.42REE0.32Th0.15U0.06Ca0.04Pb0.01Fe0.01)(Ti1.57Nb0.44W0.04Ta0.02)O-6, respectively. The unaltered titanite has, in some areas, appreciable F(to 0.15 apfu),Y (to 0.40 apfu), and Nb(to 0.13 apfu). SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of eight grains of unaltered polycrase yields a weighted Pb-207/Pb-206 age of 1413 +/- 4 Ma (2 sigma) that is interpreted to be the age of vein formation. This age is 50-60 m.y. younger than the ca. 1470 Ma age of synsedimentary Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization in the Sullivan deposit, which is based on combined geological and geochronological data. SHRIMP ages for altered polycrase and titanite suggest later growth of minerals during the similar to 1370-1320 Ma East Kootenay and similar to 1150-1050 Ma Grenvillian orogenies. The 1413 +/- 4 Ma age for the unaltered polycrase in the veins records a previously unrecognized post-ore (<1470 Ma) and premetamorphic (>1370 Ma) mineralizing event in the Sullivan deposit and vicinity. The SHRIMP U-Pb age of the polycrase and high concentrations of REE, Y, Ti, Nb, and Th in the veins, together with elevated F in titanite and the absence of associated sulfides, Suggest transport of these high-field-strength elements (HFSE) by F-rich and S-poor hydrothermal fluids unrelated to the fluids that formed the older Fe-Pb-Zn-Ag sulfide ores of the Sullivan deposit. Fluids containing abundant REE, HFSE, and F may have been derived from a geochemically specialized magma such as those that form alkaline granites, pegmatites, or carbonatites. In an alternative model, preferred here, these fluids were associated with a rift-related, crustal metasomatic event in the region. Determination of a Mesoproterozoic age for the polycrase-titainte veins establishes the first known Occurrence of pre-Grenvillian REE-rich mineralization in the Belt-Purcell basin. C1 [Slack, John F.; Belkin, Harvey E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Aleinikoff, John N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Fanning, C. Mark] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Slack, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jfslack@usgs.gov RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016; OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145; Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI QUEBEC PA 490, RUE DE LA COURONNE, QUEBEC, QC G1K 9A9, CANADA SN 0008-4476 EI 1499-1276 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 BP 361 EP 378 DI 10.3749/canmin.46.2.361 PN 2 PG 18 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 319TW UT WOS:000257188000006 ER PT J AU Heredia-Middleton, P Brunelli, J Drew, RE Thorgaard, GH AF Heredia-Middleton, Pilar Brunelli, Joseph Drew, Robert E. Thorgaard, Gary H. TI Heat shock protein (HSP70) RNA expression differs among rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) clonal lines SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat shock response; HSP70; mRNA expression; Oncorhynchus mykiss; fish clonal lines; thermal stress; real-time PCR ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; MESSENGER-RNA; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRESS; FISH; TEMPERATURE; CELLS; RESPONSES AB Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70, 70 kDa) is the most commonly expressed protein in response to thermal stress. The extent of its expression is associated with differences in environmental temperatures. We investigated the heat shock response in red blood cells collected from one-year-old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three different clonal lines of rainbow trout (Arlee, OSU and Whale Rock) were utilized, originating from habitats that likely experienced different thermal profile. The relative expression of HSP70 from blood cells treated at 13 degrees C, 16 degrees C, 18 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 22 degrees C, and 24 degrees C was quantified using real-time PCR. The use of red blood cells allows for the control and replication of HSP70 expression patterns. Relative expression of HSP70 differed significantly among the three clonal lines. The Arlee line had the lowest HSP70 response of the three clonal lines at any temperature; indicating a heritable difference. Maximum expression of HSP70 occurred at 22 degrees C in the OSU line and at 24 degrees C in the Whale Rock line. The discovery of variation in HSP70 expression among the clonal lines indicates that future studies to map the genetic control of HSP70 expression differences are possible. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Heredia-Middleton, Pilar] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brunelli, Joseph; Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brunelli, Joseph; Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Drew, Robert E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Drew, Robert E.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Heredia-Middleton, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pheredia@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 149 IS 4 BP 552 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.05.012 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 284WI UT WOS:000254737200002 PM 18234536 ER PT J AU Banta, ER Hill, MC Poeter, E Doherty, JE Babendreler, J AF Banta, Edward R. Hill, Mary C. Poeter, Eileen Doherty, John E. Babendreler, Justin TI Building model analysis applications with the Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability (JUPITER) API SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sensitivity; uncertainty; calibration; optimization; model discrimination AB The open-source, public domain JUPITER (Joint Universal Parameter IdenTification and Evaluation of Reliability) API (Application Programming Interface) provides conventions and Fortran-90 modules to develop applications (computer programs) for analyzing process models. The input and output conventions allow application users to access various applications and the analysis methods they embody with a minimum of time and effort. Process models simulate, for example, physical, chemical, and (or) biological systems of interest using phenomenological, theoretical, or heuristic approaches. The types of model analyses supported by the JUPITER API include, but are not limited to, sensitivity analysis. data needs assessment, calibration, uncertainty analysis, model discrimination, and optimization. The advantages provided by the JUPITER API for users and programmers allow for rapid programming and testing of new ideas. Application-specific coding can be in languages other than the Fortran-90 of the API. This article briefly describes the capabilities and utility of the JUPITER API, lists existing applications, and uses UCODE_2005 as an example. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hill, Mary C.] USGS, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Banta, Edward R.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Poeter, Eileen] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Poeter, Eileen] Int Ground Water Modeling Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Doherty, John E.] Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Babendreler, Justin] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), USGS, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM erbanta@usgs.gov; mchill@usgs.gov; epoeter@mines.edu; johndoherty@ozemail.com.au; babendreierjustin@epa.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 310 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2007.03.016 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 265NC UT WOS:000253365200002 ER PT J AU Sanderson, EW Redforda, KH Weber, B Aune, K Baldes, D Berger, J Carter, D Curtin, C Derr, J Dobrott, S Fearn, E Fleener, C Forrest, S Gerlach, C Gates, C Gross, JE Gogan, P Grassel, S Hilty, JA Jensen, M Kunkel, K Lammers, D List, R Minkowski, K Olson, T Pague, C Robertson, PB Stephensom, B AF Sanderson, Eric W. Redforda, Kent H. Weber, Bill Aune, Keith Baldes, Dick Berger, Joel Carter, Dave Curtin, Charles Derr, James Dobrott, Steve Fearn, Eva Fleener, Craig Forrest, Steve Gerlach, Craig Gates, Cormack Gross, John E. Gogan, Peter Grassel, Shaun Hilty, Jodi A. Jensen, Marv Kunkel, Kyran Lammers, Duane List, Rurik Minkowski, Karen Olson, Tom Pague, Chris Robertson, Paul B. Stephensom, Bob TI The ecological future of the north American Bison: Conceiving long-term, large-scale conservation of wildlife SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bison bison; conservation goals; ecological representation; species conservation planning; the Vermejo Statement ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; UNGULATE CARCASSES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; HETEROGENEITY; LANDSCAPE; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; RANGE; GOALS AB Many wide-ranging mammal species have experienced significant declines over the last 200 years; restoring these species will require long-term, large-scale recovery efforts. We highlight 5 attributes of a recent range-wide vision-setting exercise for ecological recovery of the North American bison (Bison bison) that are broadly applicable to other species and restoration targets. The result of the exercise, the "Vermejo Statement" on bison restoration, is explicitly (1) large scale, (2) long term, (3) inclusive, (4)fulfilling of different values, and (5) ambitious. It reads, in part, "Over the next century, the ecological recovery of the North American bison will occur when multiple large berds move freely across extensive landscapes within all major habitats of their historic range, interacting in ecologically significant ways with the fullest possible set of other native species, and inspiring,. sustaining and connecting human cultures." We refined the vision into a scorecard that illustrates how individual bison berds can contribute to the vision. We also developed a set of maps and analyzed the current and potential future distributions of bison on the basis of expert assessinent. Although more than 500,000 bison exist in North America today, we estimated the)) occupy < 1% of their historical range and in no place express the full range of ecological and social values of previous times. By formulating an inclusive, affirmative, and specific vision through consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, we hope to provide a foundation for conservation of bison, and other wide-ranging species, over the next 100 years. C1 [Sanderson, Eric W.; Redforda, Kent H.; Weber, Bill; Berger, Joel; Fearn, Eva] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Aune, Keith; Fleener, Craig] Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Baldes, Dick] Wind River Alliance, Ft Washakie, WY 82514 USA. [Carter, Dave] Natl Bison Assoc, Westminister, CO 80234 USA. [Derr, James] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Dobrott, Steve] Ladder Ranch, Caballo, NM 87931 USA. [Fleener, Craig] Council Athabascan Tribal Govt, Ft Yukon, AK 99740 USA. [Forrest, Steve; Kunkel, Kyran] World Wildlife Fund, No Great Plains Program, Bozeman, MT 59771 USA. [Gerlach, Craig] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Gates, Cormack] Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Gross, John E.] Inventory & Monitoring Program, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Gogan, Peter] Montana State Univ, USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Grassel, Shaun] Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, Lower Brule, SD 57548 USA. [Jensen, Marv] Vermejo Pk Ranch, Raton, NM 87740 USA. [Lammers, Duane] 777 Buffalo Ranch, Hermosa, SD 57744 USA. [List, Rurik] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Pague, Chris; Robertson, Paul B.] Nature Conservancy, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Stephensom, Bob] Alaska Dept Fish & Game Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Sanderson, EW (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, 2300 So Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. EM esanderson@wcs.org NR 61 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 91 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 252 EP 266 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00899.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285SP UT WOS:000254796800009 PM 18402580 ER PT J AU Halsing, DL Moore, MR AF Halsing, David L. Moore, Michael R. TI Cost-effective management alternatives for Snake River Chinook Salmoon: a biological-economic synthesis SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endangered Species Act; integrated assessment; Leslie matrix; salmon passage model ID RECOVERY; BASIN AB The mandate to increase endangered salmon populations in the Columbia River Basin of North America has created a complex, controversial resource-management issue. We constructed an integrated assessment model as a tool for analyzing biological-economic trade-offs in recovery of Snake River spring- and summer-run cbinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We merged 3 frameworks: a salmon-passage model to predict migration and survival of smolts; an age-structured matrix model to predict long-term population growth rates of salmon stocks; and a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine a set of least-cost management alternatives for achieving particular population growth rates. We assessed 6 individual salmon management measures and 76 management alternatives composed of one or more measures. To reflect uncertainty, results were derived for different assumptions of effectiveness of smolt transport around dams. Removal of an estuarine predator, the Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia), was cost-effective and generally increased long-term population growth rates regardless of transport effectiveness. Elimination of adult salmon harvest had a similar effect over a range of its cost estimates. The specific management alternatives in the cost-effective set depended on assumptions about transport effectiveness. On the basis of recent estimates of smolt transport effectiveness, alternatives that discontinued transportation or breached dams were prevalent in the cost-effective set, whereas alternatives that maximized transportation dominated if transport effectiveness was relatively high. More generally, the analysis eliminated 80-90% of management alternatives from the cost-effective set. Application of our results to salmon management is limited by data availability and model assumptions, but these limitations can help guide research that addresses critical uncertainties and information. Our results thus demonstrate that linking biology and economics through integrated models can provide valuable tools for science-based policy and management. C1 [Moore, Michael R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Halsing, David L.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM micmoore@umich.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 338 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1/39.2008.00913.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285SP UT WOS:000254796800017 PM 18402583 ER PT J AU Dyman, TS Tysdal, RG Perry, WJ Nichols, DJ Obradovich, JD AF Dyman, T. S. Tysdal, R. G. Perry, W. J., Jr. Nichols, D. J. Obradovich, J. D. TI Stratigraphy and structural setting of Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation, western Centennial Mountains, southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cretaceous; Frontier Formation; beaverhead county; Montana ID AGE AB Stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and palynologic data were used to correlate the Frontier Formation of the western Centennial Mountains with time-equivalent rocks in the Lima Peaks area and other nearby areas in southwestern Montana. The stratigraphic interval studied is in the middle and upper parts (but not uppermost) of the formation based on a comparison of sandstone petrography, palynologic age data, and our interpretation of the structure using a seismic line along the frontal zone of the Centennial Mountains and the adjacent Centennial Valley. The Frontier Formation is comprised of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, limestone, and silty shale in fluvial and coastal depositional settings. A distinctive characteristic of these strata in the western Centennial Mountains is the absence of conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone beds. Absence of conglomerate beds may be due to lateral facies changes associated with fluvial systems, a distal fining of grain size, and the absence of both uppermost and lower Frontier rocks in the study area. Palynostratigraphic data indicate a Coniacian age for the Frontier Formation in the western Centennial Mountains. These data are supported by a geochronologic age from the middle part of the Frontier at Lima Peaks indicating a possible late Coniacian-early Santonian age (86.25 0.38 Ma) for the middle Frontier there. The Frontier Formation in the western Centennial Mountains is comparable in age and thickness to part of the Frontier at Lima Peaks. These rocks represent one of the thickest known sequences of Frontier strata in the Rocky Mountain region. Deposition was from about 95 to 86 Ma (middle Cenomanian to at least early Santonian), during which time, shoreface sandstone of the Telegraph Creek Formation and marine shale of the Cody Shale were deposited to the east in the area now occupied by the Madison Range in southwestern Montana. Frontier strata in the western Centennial Mountains are structurally isolated from other Cretaceous rocks in the region and are part of the Lima thrust sheet that lies at the leading edge of the Sevier-style overthrusting in this part of southwestern Montana and adjacent southeastern Idaho. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dyman, T. S.; Tysdal, R. G.; Perry, W. J., Jr.; Nichols, D. J.; Obradovich, J. D.] US Geol Survey, El Prado, NM 87529 USA. RP Dyman, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, HCR 74,Box 21310,31 N Mesa Rd, El Prado, NM 87529 USA. EM dyman@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.cretres.2007.05.001 PG 12 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 293WW UT WOS:000255367100004 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Cronin, TM Arbizu, PM AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Cronin, Thomas M. Arbizu, Pedro Martinez TI Abyssal ostracods from the south and equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Biological and paleoceanographic implications SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE modern deep-sea ostracoda; multiple-corer; carbonate compensation depth; lysocline; Southeast and Equatorial Atlantic ID DEEP-SEA OSTRACODES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-MASSES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; QUATERNARY; PACIFIC; KRITHE; FAUNA AB We report the distribution of ostracods from similar to 5000 m depth from the Southeast and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean recovered from the uppermost 10 cm of minimally disturbed sediments taken by multiple-corer during the R/V Meteor DIVA2 expedition M63.2. Five cores yielded the following major deep-sea genera: Krithe, Henryhowella, Poseidonamicus, Legititnocythere, Pseudobosquetina, and Pennyella. All genera are widely distributed in abyssal depths in the world's oceans and common in Cenozoic deep-sea sediments. The total number of ostracod specimens is higher and ostracod shell preservation is better near the sediment-water interface, especially at the 0-1 cm core depths. Core slices from similar to 5 to 10 cm were barren or yielded a few poorly preserved specimens. The DIVA2 cores show that deep-sea ostracod species inhabit corrosive bottom water near the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) even though their calcareous valves are rarely preserved as fossils in sediment cores due to postmortem dissolution. Their occurrence at great water depths may partially explain the well-known global distributions of major deep-sea taxa in the world's oceans, although further expeditions using minimal-disturbance sampling devices are needed to fill geographic gaps. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Arbizu, Pedro Martinez] Forsch Inst Senckenberg, DZMB, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com; tcronin@usgs.gov; pmartinez@senckenberg.de RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; Martinez-Arbizu, Pedro/0000-0002-0891-1154 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 490 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.01.004 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 299CV UT WOS:000255734300008 ER PT J AU Hebert, CE Bur, M Sherman, D Shutt, JL AF Hebert, Craig E. Bur, Michael Sherman, David Shutt, J. Laird TI Sulfur isotopes link overwinter habitat use and breeding condition in double-crested cormorants SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE body condition; Double-crested Cormorant; Great Lakes; migration; Mississippi flyway; overwinter habitat; Phalacrocorax auritus; population increase; seabirds; stable sulfur isotopes ID DELTA REGION; BODY CONDITION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATION TRENDS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; EASTERN BASIN; MISSISSIPPI; PETREL; FISH AB North American Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) populations have increased greatly. Both breeding and overwintering ground factors have likely contributed to these increases. However, demonstrating how overwintering conditions may affect breeding birds has not been possible because of the difficulty in linking breeding birds to their wintering grounds. Here, we demonstrate the utility of stable sulfur isotopes to elucidate overwintering habitat use by cormorants breeding on Lake Erie. Sulfur isotopes in feathers grown on overwintering grounds provided insights into the degree to which birds used freshwater vs. marine environments. The proportion of birds utilizing freshwater habitats increased through time. This change may have reflected increases in freshwater aquaculture (i.e., catfish) in the U. S. south. Examination of body condition in birds returning to breed on Lake Erie indicated that those individuals that solely used marine habitats for at least a portion of the overwintering period were in poorer condition than birds using freshwater. Enhanced foraging opportunities at aquaculture facilities may improve the fitness of individuals that have returned to breed after overwintering at such locations. This study is the first to demonstrate a linkage between overwinter habitat use and breeding ground parameters in Double-crested Cormorants. These results underscore that factors throughout the Mississippi flyway are likely acting together to regulate cormorant populations. C1 [Hebert, Craig E.; Shutt, J. Laird] Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Bur, Michael] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Sherman, David] Ohio Div Wildlife, Oak Harbor, OH 43449 USA. RP Hebert, CE (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM craig.hebert@ec.gc.ca NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1890/07-1278.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294WR UT WOS:000255437500001 PM 18488616 ER PT J AU Boulanger, J Kendall, KC Stetz, JB Roon, DA Waits, LP Paetkau, D AF Boulanger, John Kendall, Katherine C. Stetz, Jeffrey B. Roon, David A. Waits, Lisette P. Paetkau, David TI Multiple data sources improve DNA-based mark-recapture population estimates of grizzly bears SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bear rub trees; DNA; Glacier National Park; Montana; USA; grizzly bears; hair sampling; mark-recapture; mixture models; noninvasive genetic sampling; population estimation; program MARK; Ursus arctos ID URSUS-ARCTOS; BROWN BEARS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; BLACK; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS; DENSITY; SIZE; BIAS AB A fundamental challenge to estimating population size with mark-recapture methods is heterogeneous capture probabilities and subsequent bias of population estimates. Confronting this problem usually requires substantial sampling effort that can be difficult to achieve for some species, such as carnivores. We developed a methodology that uses two data sources to deal with heterogeneity and applied this to DNA mark-recapture data from grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos). We improved population estimates by incorporating additional DNA "captures'' of grizzly bears obtained by collecting hair from unbaited bear rub trees concurrently with baited, grid-based, hair snag sampling. We consider a Lincoln-Petersen estimator with hair snag captures as the initial session and rub tree captures as the recapture session and develop an estimator in program MARK that treats hair snag and rub tree samples as successive sessions. Using empirical data from a large-scale project in the greater Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, area and simulation modeling we evaluate these methods and compare the results to hair-snag-only estimates. Empirical results indicate that, compared with hair-snag-only data, the joint hair-snag-rub-tree methods produce similar but more precise estimates if capture and recapture rates are reasonably high for both methods. Simulation results suggest that estimators are potentially affected by correlation of capture probabilities between sample types in the presence of heterogeneity. Overall, closed population Huggins-Pledger estimators showed the highest precision and were most robust to sparse data, heterogeneity, and capture probability correlation among sampling types. Results also indicate that these estimators can be used when a segment of the population has zero capture probability for one of the methods. We propose that this general methodology may be useful for other species in which mark-recapture data are available from multiple sources. C1 [Boulanger, John] Integrated Ecol Res, Nelson, BC V1L 5T2, Canada. [Kendall, Katherine C.] No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, US Geol Survey, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Stetz, Jeffrey B.] Univ Montana, Glacier Field Stn, Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Roon, David A.; Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Paetkau, David] Wildlife Genet Int, Nelson, BC V1L 5P9, Canada. RP Boulanger, J (reprint author), Integrated Ecol Res, 924 Innes St, Nelson, BC V1L 5T2, Canada. EM boulange@ecological.bc.ca NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 577 EP 589 DI 10.1890/06-1941.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294WR UT WOS:000255437500003 PM 18488618 ER PT J AU Hebert, CE Weseloh, DVC Idrissi, A Arts, MT O'Gorman, R Gorman, OT Locke, B Madenjian, CP Roseman, EF AF Hebert, Craig E. Weseloh, D. V. Chip Idrissi, Abde Arts, Michael T. O'Gorman, Robert Gorman, Owen T. Locke, Brian Madenjian, Charles P. Roseman, Edward F. TI Restoring piscivorous fish populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes causes seabird dietary change SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic food web; ecosystem change; fatty acids; food availability; Herring Gull; Larus argentatus; Laurentian Great Lakes; prey fish; seabird; stable isotopes ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; GULLS LARUS-ARGENTATUS; ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACIDS; FOOD-WEB; RAINBOW SMELT; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDATION; COMMUNITY; FISHERIES; ALEWIVES AB Ecosystem change often affects the structure of aquatic communities thereby regulating how much and by what pathways energy and critical nutrients flow through food webs. The availability of energy and essential nutrients to top predators such as seabirds that rely on resources near the water's surface will be affected by changes in pelagic prey abundance. Here, we present results from analysis of a 25-year data set documenting dietary change in a predatory seabird from the Laurentian Great Lakes. We reveal significant declines in trophic position and alterations in energy and nutrient flow over time. Temporal changes in seabird diet tracked decreases in pelagic prey fish abundance. As pelagic prey abundance declined, birds consumed less aquatic prey and more terrestrial food. This pattern was consistent across all five large lake ecosystems. Declines in prey fish abundance may have primarily been the result of predation by stocked piscivorous fishes, but other lake-specific factors were likely also important. Natural resource management activities can have unintended consequences for nontarget ecosystem components. Reductions in pelagic prey abundance have reduced the capacity of the Great Lakes to support the energetic requirements of surface-feeding seabirds. In an environment characterized by increasingly limited pelagic fish resources, they are being offered a Hobsonian choice: switch to less nutritious terrestrial prey or go hungry. C1 [Hebert, Craig E.; Idrissi, Abde] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Weseloh, D. V. Chip] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Arts, Michael T.] Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [O'Gorman, Robert] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, US Geol Survey, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Gorman, Owen T.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, US Geol Survey, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Locke, Brian] Ontario Ministry Nat Resources, Lake Erie Fisheries Stn, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada. [Madenjian, Charles P.; Roseman, Edward F.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hebert, CE (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. EM craig.hebert@ec.gc.ca OI Arts, Michael/0000-0002-2335-4317; Roseman, Edward/0000-0002-5315-9838 NR 36 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 32 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 891 EP 897 DI 10.1890/07-1603.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296XW UT WOS:000255580200001 PM 18481511 ER PT J AU Doak, DF Estes, JA Halpern, BS Jacob, U Lindberg, DR Lovvorn, J Monson, DH Tinker, MT Williams, TM Wootton, JT Carroll, I Emmerson, M Micheli, F Novak, M AF Doak, Daniel F. Estes, James A. Halpern, Benjamin S. Jacob, Ute Lindberg, David R. Lovvorn, James Monson, Daniel H. Tinker, M. Timothy Williams, Terrie M. Wootton, J. Timothy Carroll, Ian Emmerson, Mark Micheli, Fiorenza Novak, Mark TI Understanding and predicting ecological dynamics: Are major surprises inevitable? SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; ecological dynamics; food webs; prediction; stochasticity; surprises; uncertainty ID SEA OTTERS; ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; INTERACTION STRENGTH; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NATIONAL-PARK; CONSERVATION; PREDATION AB Ecological surprises, substantial and unanticipated changes in the abundance of one or more species that result from previously unsuspected processes, are a common outcome of both experiments and observations in community and population ecology. Here, we give examples of such surprises along with the results of a survey of well-established field ecologists, most of whom have encountered one or more surprises over the course of their careers. Truly surprising results are common enough to require their consideration in any reasonable effort to characterize nature and manage natural resources. We classify surprises as dynamic-, pattern-, or intervention-based, and we speculate on the common processes that cause ecological systems to so often surprise us. A long-standing and still growing concern in the ecological literature is how best to make predictions of future population and community dynamics. Although most work on this subject involves statistical aspects of data analysis and modeling, the frequency and nature of ecological surprises imply that uncertainty cannot be easily tamed through improved analytical procedures, and that prudent management of both exploited and conserved communities will require precautionary and adaptive management approaches. C1 [Doak, Daniel F.; Lovvorn, James] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Estes, James A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Biol Resources Div, USGS, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Jacob, Ute] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Lindberg, David R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Monson, Daniel H.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Tinker, M. Timothy; Williams, Terrie M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wootton, J. Timothy; Novak, Mark] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carroll, Ian] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Micheli, Fiorenza] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Doak, DF (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ddoak@uwyo.edu RI Lindberg, David/D-8138-2011; Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; Jacob, Ute/F-8179-2011; Novak, Mark/E-2194-2012; Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013; Wootton, John/F-3191-2015 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673; Wootton, John/0000-0002-7715-0344 NR 79 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 94 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 952 EP 961 DI 10.1890/07-0965.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296XW UT WOS:000255580200010 PM 18481520 ER PT J AU Stohigren, TJ Barnett, DT Jarnevich, CS Flather, C Kartesz, J AF Stohigren, Thomas J. Barnett, David T. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Flather, Curtis Kartesz, John TI The myth of plant species saturation SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biotic resistance; competitive exclusion; habitat heterogeneity; invasion; plant diversity; saturation; species richness ID NORTH-AMERICAN FLORAS; UNITED-STATES; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; ABIOTIC GRADIENTS; EXTINCTION DEBT; LOCAL DIVERSITY; ALIEN PLANTS; INVASIONS; RICHNESS; PATTERNS AB Plant species assemblages, communities or regional floras might be termed 'saturated' when additional immigrant species are unsuccessful at establishing due to competitive exclusion or other inter-specific interactions, or when the immigration of species is off-set by extirpation of species. This is clearly not the case for state, regional or national floras in the USA where colonization (i.e. invasion by exotic species) exceeds extirpation by roughly a 24 to 1 margin. We report an alarming temporal trend in plant invasions in the Pacific Northwest over the past 100 years whereby counties highest in native species richness appear increasingly invaded over time. Despite the possibility of some increased awareness and reporting of native and exotic plant species in recent decades, historical records show a significant, consistent long-term increase in exotic species (number and frequency) at county, state and regional scales in the Pacific Northwest. Here, as in other regions of the country, colonization rates by exotic species are high and extirpation rates are negligible. The rates of species accumulation in space in multi-scale vegetation plots may provide some clues to the mechanisms of the invasion process from local to national scales. C1 [Barnett, David T.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Flather, Curtis] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Kartesz, John] Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Stohigren, TJ (reprint author), Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 43 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 33 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01153.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283HT UT WOS:000254628000001 PM 18248448 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Flather, C Jarnevich, CS Barnett, DT Kartesz, J AF Stohlgren, Thomas J. Flather, Curtis Jarnevich, Catherine S. Barnett, David T. Kartesz, John TI Rejoinder to Harrison (2008): The myth of plant species saturation SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stohlgren, Thomas J.; Jarnevich, Catherine S.] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Flather, Curtis] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Barnett, David T.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kartesz, John] Biota N Amer Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 324 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01161.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283HT UT WOS:000254628000003 ER PT J AU Ackerman, LK Schwindt, AR Simonich, SLM Koch, DC Blett, TF Schreck, CB Kent, ML Landers, DH AF Ackerman, Luke K. Schwindt, Adam R. Simonich, Staci L. Massey Koch, Dan C. Blett, Tamara F. Schreck, Carl B. Kent, Michael L. Landers, Dixon H. TI Atmospherically deposited PBDEs, pesticides, PCBs, and PAHs in Western US National Park fish: Concentrations and consumption guidelines SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; HIGH-MOUNTAIN LAKES; CANADIAN-ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; TROUT; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION AB Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in 136 fish from 14 remote lakes in 8 western U.S. National Parks/Preserves between 2003 and 2005 and compared to human and wildlife contaminant health thresholds. A sensitive (median detection limit, -18 pg/g wet weight), efficient (61% recovery at 8 ng/g), reproducible (4.1% relative standard deviation (RSD)), and accurate (7% deviation from standard reference material (SRM)) analytical method was developed and validated for these analyses. Concentrations of PCBs, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexanes, DOTS, and chlordanes in western U.S. fish were comparable to or lower than mountain fish recently collected from Europe, Canada, and Asia. Dieldrin and PBDE concentrations were higher than recent measurements in mountain fish and Pacific Ocean salmon. Concentrations of most contaminants in western U.S. fish were 1-6 orders of magnitude below calculated recreational fishing contaminant health thresholds. However, lake average contaminant concentrations in fish exceeded subsistence fishing cancer thresholds in 8 of 14 lakes and wildlife contaminant health thresholds for piscivorous birds in 1of 14 lakes. These results indicate that atmospherically deposited organic contaminants can accumulate in high elevation fish, reaching concentrations relevant to human and wildlife health. C1 [Ackerman, Luke K.; Simonich, Staci L. Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schwindt, Adam R.; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Simonich, Staci L. Massey; Koch, Dan C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Blett, Tamara F.] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97335 USA. RP Simonich, SLM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM staci.simonich@orst.edu RI Ackerman, Luke/E-4597-2011 OI Ackerman, Luke/0000-0001-6626-3039 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES000210, P30ES00210] NR 45 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2334 EP 2341 DI 10.1021/es702348j PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800022 PM 18504962 ER PT J AU Thorn, KA Pennington, JC Kennedy, KR Cox, LG Hayes, CA Porter, BE AF Thorn, Kevin A. Pennington, Judith C. Kennedy, Kay R. Cox, Larry G. Hayes, Charolett A. Porter, Beth E. TI N-15NMR study of the immobilization of 2,4-and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in AeFohic compost SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVALENT BINDING; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; SOIL; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; REDUCTION; STABILITY; FATE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; DINITROTOLUENES AB Large-scale aerobic windrow composting has been used to bioremediate washout lagoon soils contaminated with the explosives TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) at several sites within the United States. We previously used N-15 NMR to investigate the reduction and binding of (TNT)-N-15 in aerobic bench -scale reactors simulating the conditions of windrow composting. These studies have been extended to 2,4-dinftrotoluene (2,4DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6DNT), which, as impurities in TNT, are usually present wherever soils have been contaminated with TNT. Liquid-state 15N NMR analyses of laboratory reactions between 4-methyl-3nitroaniline-N-15,the major monoamine reduction productof 2,4DNT, and the Elliot soil humic acid, both in the presence and absence of horseradish peroxidase, indicated that the amine underwent covalent binding with quinone and other carbonyl groups in the soil humic acid to form both heterocyclic and nonheterocyclic condensation products. Uquid-state 15N NMR analyses of the methanol extracts of 20 day aerobic benchscale composts of 2,4-di-15N-nitrotoluene and 2,6-di-(15)Nnitrotoluene revealed the presence of nitrite and monoamine, but not diamine, reduction products, indicating the occurrence of both dioxygenase enzyme and reductive degradation pathways. Solid-state CP/MAS 15N NMR analyses of the whole composts, however, suggested that reduction to monoamines followed by covalent binding of the amines to organic matter was the predominant pathway. C1 [Thorn, Kevin A.; Kennedy, Kay R.; Cox, Larry G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pennington, Judith C.] USA, Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Hayes, Charolett A.; Porter, Beth E.] DynTel Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Thorn, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM kathorn@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2542 EP 2550 DI 10.1021/es0720659 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800054 PM 18504994 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA Takekawa, JY Bluso, JD Adelsbach, TL AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Takekawa, John Y. Bluso, Jill D. Adelsbach, Terrence L. TI Mercury concentrations in blood and feathers of prebreeding Forster's terns in relation to space use of San Francisco Bay, California, USA, habitats SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE blood; mercury; telemetry; terns; San Francisco Bay ID GULLS LARUS-ARGENTATUS; GAVIA-IMMER; HEAVY-METAL; SELENIUM LEVELS; BIRDS; CONTAMINATION; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE; CANADA; AGE AB We examined mercury concentrations and space use of prebreeding Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, to assess factors influencing mercury levels in piscivorous birds. In 2005 and 2006, we collected blood and feathers from 122 Forster's terns and radio-marked and tracked 72 terns to determine locations of dietary mercury uptake. Capture site and capture date were the most important factors explaining variation in blood mercury concentrations (geometric mean +/- standard error: 1.09 +/- 0.89 mu g/g wet wt), followed by sex and year. Accordingly, radiotelemetry data revealed that Forster's terns generally remained near their site of capture and foraged in nearby salt ponds, managed and tidal marshes, and tidal flats. In contrast, capture site and capture date were not important factors explaining variation in feather mercury concentrations, probably because feathers were grown on their wintering grounds several months prior to our sampling. Instead, sex and year were the most important factors explaining mercury concentrations in breast feathers (9.57 +/- 8.23 mu g/g fresh wt), and sex was the most important factor for head feathers (6.94 +/- 7.04 mu g/g fresh wt). Overall, 13 and 22% of prebreeding Forster's terns were estimated to be at high risk for deleterious effects due to mercury concentrations in blood (>3.0 mu g/g wet wt) and feathers (>20.0 mu g/g fresh wt), respectively. Breeding terns are likely to be even more at risk because blood mercury concentrations more than tripled during the 45-d prebreeding time period. These data illustrate the importance of space use and tissue type in interpreting mercury concentrations in birds. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Adelsbach, Terrence L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Bluso, Jill D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 NR 50 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 897 EP 908 DI 10.1897/07-230.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 273RX UT WOS:000253950500017 PM 18333675 ER PT J AU Demopoulos, AWJ Cormier, N Ewel, KC Fry, B AF Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Cormier, Nicole Ewel, Katherine C. Fry, Brian TI Use of multiple chemical tracers to define habitat use of indo-pacific mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Decapoda : Portunidae) SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Scylla serrata; mangrove; habitat residency; micronesia; stable isotope analysis; sulfur; benthos; infauna; mixing models; isosource; elemental analysis ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; FEDERATED STATES; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICRONESIA; MOVEMENT; KOSRAE; CARBON; COMMUNITIES; CRUSTACEA; ABUNDANCE AB The mangrove or mud crab, Scylla serrata, is an important component of mangrove fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific. Understanding crab diets and habitat use should assist in managing these fisheries and could provide additional justification for conservation of the mangrove ecosystem itself. We used multiple chemical tracers to test whether crab movements were restricted to local mangrove forests, or extended to include adjacent seagrass beds and reef flats. We sampled three mangrove forests on the island of Kosrae in the Federated States of Micronesia at Lelu Harbor, Okat River, and Utwe tidal channel. Samples of S. serrata and likely food sources were analyzed for stable carbon (delta C-13), nitrogen (delta N-15), and sulfur (delta S-34) isotopes. Scylla serrata tissues also were analyzed for phosphorus (P), cations (K, Ca, Mg, Na), and trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and B). Discriminant analysis indicated that at least 87% of the crabs remain in each site as distinct populations. Crab stable isotope values indicated potential differences in habitat use within estuaries. Values for delta C-13 and delta S-34 in crabs from Okat and Utwe were low and similar to values expected from animals feeding within mangrove forests, e.g., feeding on infauna that had average delta C-13 values near -26.5 parts per thousand. In contrast, crabs from Lelu had higher delta C-13 and delta S-34 values, with average values of -21.8 and 7.8 parts per thousand, respectively. These higher isotope values are consistent with increased crab foraging on reef flats and seagrasses. Given that S. serrata have been observed feeding on adjacent reef and seagrass environments on Kosrae, it is likely that they move in and out of the mangroves for feeding. Isotope mixing model results support these conclusions, with the greatest mangrove ecosystem contribution to S. serrata diet occurring in the largest mangrove forests. Conserving larger island mangrove forests (> 1 km deep) appears to support crab foraging activities. C1 [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cormier, Nicole; Ewel, Katherine C.; Fry, Brian] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Demopoulos, AWJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM amandad@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s12237-007-9008-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270CC UT WOS:000253696500012 ER PT J AU Scott, EE Perakis, SS Hibbs, DE AF Scott, Emily E. Perakis, Steven S. Hibbs, David E. TI delta N-15 patterns of Douglas-fir and red alder riparian forests in the Oregon coast range SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen dynamics; N-15 natural abundance stable isotope; marine-derived nutrients; denitrification ID NATURAL N-15 ABUNDANCE; SOIL-NITROGEN; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; ADJACENT CONIFER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NATIONAL-PARK; ALNUS-RUBRA; PLANT; SALMON; VEGETATION AB We used naturally occurring stable isotopes of N to compare N dynamics in near-stream and upslope environments along riparian catenas in N-fixing red alder (Alnus rubra) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests in the Coast Range of western Oregon. Based on the existing literature, we expected soil delta N-15 to be enriched closer to streams owing to inputs of isotopically heavy, marine-derived N by spawning salmon, higher rates of denitrification near the stream, or both. However, it has been unclear what effect red alder might have on soil delta N-15 patterns near streams. We found a consistent -1 parts per thousand delta N-15 signature in red alder foliage, and delta N-15 of total N in soils under red alder averaged 2.2 parts per thousand along sampling transects extending 20 m upslope from the stream. Surprisingly, delta N-15 of total N in soil under Douglas-fir was progressively depleted nearer to streams, opposite from the pattern expected from N losses by denitrification or N inputs from anadromous salmon. Instead, delta N-15 of total N in soil under Douglas-fir converged toward soil delta N-15 values typical of red alder sites. We consider that the historic presence of red alder may have contributed a legacy of lower soil delta N-15 nearer to streams on sites that are currently dominated by young Douglas-fir forest. C1 [Scott, Emily E.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyt Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Hibbs, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Scott, EE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, 126 Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM scottemi@msu.edu; steven.perakis@oregonstate.edu; david.hibbs@oregonstate.edu NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 54 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 285PM UT WOS:000254788700003 ER PT J AU Duda, JJ Camp, RJ AF Duda, Jeffrey J. Camp, Richard J. TI Ecology in the information age: patterns of use and attrition rates of internet-based citations in ESA journals, 1997-2005 SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID WEB; IMPACT; URLS AB As the amount of information available on the internet has increased, so too has the number of citations to network-accessible information in scholarly research. We searched all papers in four Ecological Society of America journals from 1997 to 2005 for articles containing a citation to material on the internet. We then tested the links to determine whether the information cited in the paper was still accessible. We identified 877 articles that contained at least one link to information on the internet and a total of 2100 unique links. The majority of these citations were based on an object's location (Uniform Resource Locator; 77%), whereas the rest were based on an object's identity (eg Digital Object Identifier, GenBank Accession number). We found that 19-30% of the location-based links were unavailable and that there was a positive relationship between the age of an article and the probability of the link being inactive. Using an internet search engine, we recovered 72-84% of the lost information, leaving a total of 6.2% of the total citations unavailable. Our results highlight the problem of persistence of information stored on the world wide web and we include recommendations for minimizing this problem. C1 [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Camp, Richard J.] USGS Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Duda, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeff_duda@usgs.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; Camp, Richard/0000-0001-7008-923X NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1890/070022 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 282WF UT WOS:000254597200020 ER PT J AU Burns, DA Blett, T Haeuber, R Pardo, LH AF Burns, Douglas A. Blett, Tamara Haeuber, Richard Pardo, Linda H. TI Critical loads as a policy tool for protecting ecosystems from the effects of air pollutants SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACID-RAIN; FORESTS; MANAGEMENT AB Framing the effects of air pollutants on ecosystems in terms of a "critical load" provides a meaningful approach for research scientists to communicate policy-relevant science to air-quality policy makers and natural resource managers. A critical-loads approach has been widely used to shape air-pollutant control policy in Europe since the 1980s, yet has only rarely been applied in the US. Recently, however, interest in applying a critical-loads approach to managing sulfur and nitrogen air pollutants in the US has been growing, as evidenced by several recent conferences, a new critical-loads sub-committee within the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, and nascent efforts by several federal agencies to apply critical loads to land management. Here, we describe the critical-loads concept, including some of its limitations, and indicate how critical loads can better inform future air-pollutant control policy in the US. C1 [Burns, Douglas A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Blett, Tamara] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Haeuber, Richard] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Pardo, Linda H.] USDA, Forest Serv, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Burns, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM daburns@usgs.gov RI Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009 NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1890/070040 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 282WF UT WOS:000254597200022 ER PT J AU Hayden, T Kominz, M Powars, DS Edwards, LE Miller, KG Browning, JV Kulpecz, AA AF Hayden, Travis Kominz, Michelle Powars, David S. Edwards, Lucy E. Miller, Kenneth G. Browning, James V. Kulpecz, Andrew A. TI Impact effects and regional tectonic insights: Backstripping the Chesapeake Bay impact structure SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE impact processes; passive margin; Chesapeake Bay; tectonics; Eocene; backstripping ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SUBSIDENCE CURVES; EVOLUTION AB The Chesapeake Bay impact structure is a ca. 35.4 Ma crater located on the eastern seaboard of North America. Deposition returned to normal shortly after impact, resulting in a unique record of both impact-related and subsequent passive margin sedimentation. We use backstripping to show that the impact strongly affected sedimentation for 7 m.y. through impact-derived crustal-scale tectonics, dominated by the effects of sediment compaction and the introduction and subsequent removal of a negative thermal anomaly instead of the expected positive thermal anomaly. After this, the area was dominated by passive margin thermal subsidence overprinted by periods of regional-scale vertical tectonic events, on the order of tens of meters. Loading due to prograding sediment bodies may have generated these events. C1 [Hayden, Travis; Kominz, Michelle] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Powars, David S.; Edwards, Lucy E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Miller, Kenneth G.; Browning, James V.; Kulpecz, Andrew A.] State Univ New Jersey, Dept Geosci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Hayden, T (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, 1187 Rood Hall,1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM t4hayden@wmich.edu NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1130/G24408A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 283NA UT WOS:000254641700014 ER PT J AU Pollitz, F Banerjee, P Grijalva, K Nagarajan, B Burgmann, R AF Pollitz, Fred Banerjee, Paramesh Grijalva, Kelly Nagarajan, B. Burgmann, R. TI Effect of 3-D viscoelastic structure on post-seismic relaxation from the 2004 M=9.2 Sumatra earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE numerical solutions; continental margins : convergent; dynamics of lithosphere and mantle; rheology : mantle ID NIAS-SIMEULUE EARTHQUAKE; LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; STATIC OFFSETS; COSEISMIC SLIP; DEFORMATION; MANTLE; MODEL; AFTERSLIP; RHEOLOGY AB The 2004 M = 9.2 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake profoundly altered the state of stress in a large volume surrounding the similar to 1400 km long rupture. Induced mantle flow fields and coupled surface deformation are sensitive to the 3-D rheology structure. To predict the post-seismic motions from this earthquake, relaxation of a 3-D spherical viscoelastic earth model is simulated using the theory of coupled normal modes. The quasi-static deformation basis set and solution on the 3-D model is constructed using: a spherically stratified viscoelastic earth model with a linear stress-strain relation; an aspherical perturbation in viscoelastic structure; a 'static' mode basis set consisting of Earth's spheroidal and toroidal free oscillations; a "viscoelastic" mode basis set; and interaction kernels that describe the coupling among viscoelastic and static modes. Application to the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake illustrates the profound modification of the post-seismic flow field at depth by a slab structure and similarly large effects on the near-field post-seismic deformation field at Earth's surface. Comparison with post-seismic GPS observations illustrates the extent to which viscoelastic relaxation contributes to the regional post-seismic deformation. C1 [Pollitz, Fred] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Banerjee, Paramesh] Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Grijalva, Kelly; Burgmann, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nagarajan, B.] Survey India, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Pollitz, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fpollitz@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD APR PY 2008 VL 173 IS 1 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03666.x PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276FJ UT WOS:000254126400013 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BD Williams, JM AF Rodriguez, Brian D. Williams, Jackie M. TI Tracking the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone in the northeastern Great Basin, Nevada and Utah SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE suture zone; Archean; Proterozoic; gold; resistivity ID NORTH-CENTRAL NEVADA; GOLD DEPOSITS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; MOUNTAINS AB It is important to know whether major mining districts in north-central Nevada are underlain by crust of the Archean Wyoming craton, known to contain major orogenic gold deposits or, alternatively, by accreted crust of the Paleoproterozoic Mojave province. Determining the location and orientation of the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone between these provinces is also important because it may influence subsequent patterns of sedimentation, deformation, magmatism, and hydrothermal activity. The suture zone is exposed in northeastern Utah and southwestern Wyoming and exhibits a southwest strike. In the Great Basin, the suture zone strike is poorly constrained because it is largely concealed below a Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic miogeocline and Cenozoic basin fill. Two-dimensional resistivity modeling of three regional north-south magnetotelluric sounding profiles in western Utah, north-central Nevada, and northeastern Nevada, and one east-west profile in northeastern Nevada, reveals a deeply penetrating (> 10 km depth), broad (tens of kilometers) conductor (1-20 ohm-meters) that may be the Archean-Proterozoic suture zone, which formed during Early Proterozoic rifting of the continent and subsequent Proterozoic accretion. This major crustal conductor changes strike direction from southwest in Utah to northwest in eastern Nevada, where it broadens to similar to 100 km width that correlates with early Paleozoic rifting of the continent. Our results suggest that the major gold belts may be over-isolated blocks of Archean crust, so Phanerozoic mineral deposits in this region may be produced, at least in part, from recycled Archean gold. Future mineral exploration to the east may yield large gold tonnages. C1 [Rodriguez, Brian D.; Williams, Jackie M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rodriguez, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1130/GES00120.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 281WS UT WOS:000254530200001 ER PT J AU Moore, JG Sisson, TW AF Moore, James G. Sisson, Thomas W. TI Igneous phenocrystic origin of K-feldspar megacrysts in granitic rocks from the Sierra Nevada batholith SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Sierra Nevada; megacryst; barium zoning; K-feldspar ID CENTRAL ANDES; CALIFORNIA; CRYSTALLIZATION; VALLEY; SOLIDIFICATION; COLORADO; ERUPTION; COMPLEX; BEARING; QUARTZ AB Study of four K-feldspar megacrystic granitic plutons and related dikes in the Sierra Nevada composite batholith indicates that the megacrysts are phenocrysts that grew in contact with granitic melt. Growth to megacrystic sizes was due to repeated replenishment of the magma bodies by fresh granitic melt that maintained temperatures above the solidus for extended time periods and that provided components necessary for K-feldspar growth. These intrusions cooled 89-83 Ma, are the youngest in the range, and represent the culminating magmatic phase of the Sierra Nevada batholith. They are the granodiorite of Topaz Lake, the Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, the Mono Creek Granite, the Whitney Granodiorite, the Johnson Granite Porphyry, and the Golden Bear Dike. Megacrysts in these igneous bodies attain 4-10 cm in length. All have sawtooth oscillatory zoning marked by varying concentration of BaO ranging generally from 3.5 to 0.5 wt%. Some of the more pronounced zones begin with resorption and channeling of the underlying zone. Layers of mineral inclusions, principally plagioclase, but also biotite, quartz, hornblende, titanite, and accessory minerals, are parallel to the BaO-delineated zones, are sorted by size along the boundaries, and have their long axes preferentially aligned parallel to the boundaries. These features indicate that the K-feldspar megacrysts grew while surrounded by melt, allowing the inclusion minerals to periodically attach themselves to the faces of the growing crystals. The temperature of growth of titanite included within the K-feldspar megacrysts is estimated by use of a Zr-in-titanite geothermometer. Megacryst-hosted titanite grains all yield temperatures typical of felsic magmas, mainly 735-760 degrees C. Titanite grains in the granodiorite hosts marginal to the megacrysts range to lower growth temperatures, in some instances into the subsolidus. The limited range and igneous values of growth temperatures for megacryst-hosted titanite grains support the interpretation that the megacrysts formed as igneous sanidine phenocrysts, that intrusion temperatures varied by only small amounts while the megacrysts grew, and that megacryst growth ceased before the intrusions cooled below the solidus. Individual Ba-enriched zones were apparently formed by repeated surges of new, hotter granitic melt that replenished these large magma chambers. Each recharge of hot magma offset cooling, maintained the partially molten or mushy character of the chamber, stirred up crystals, and induced convective currents that lofted, settling megacrysts back up into the chamber. Because of repeated reheating of the magma chamber and prolonged maintenance of the melt, this process apparently continued long enough to provide the ideal environment for the growth of these extraordinarily large K-feldspar phenocrysts. C1 [Moore, James G.; Sisson, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 387 EP 400 DI 10.1130/GES00146.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 281WS UT WOS:000254530200006 ER PT J AU Lund, K AF Lund, Karen TI Geometry of the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic rift margin of western Laurentia: Implications for mineral deposit settings SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Review DE U. S. and Canadian Cordilleran miogeocline; Laurentia; Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic rift; sediment-hosted mineral deposits; sedimentary exhalative; Mississippi Valley type ID SOUTHERN CANADIAN CORDILLERA; ROBERTS MOUNTAINS ALLOCHTHON; PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS; PRECIOUS-METAL DEPOSITS; NORTHERN-GREAT-BASIN; EAST-CENTRAL IDAHO; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UNITED-STATES; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS AB The U. S. and Canadian Cordilleran miogeocline evolved during several phases of Cryogenian-Devonian intracontinental rifting that formed the western margin of Laurentia. Recent field and dating studies across central Idaho and northern Nevada result in identification of two segments of the rift margin. Resulting interpretations of rift geometry in the northern U. S. Cordillera are compatible with interpretations of northwest-striking asymmetric extensional segments subdivided by northeast-striking transform and transfer segments. The new interpretation permits integration of miogeoclinal segments along the length of the western North American Cordillera. For the U. S. Cordillera, miogeoclinal segments include the St. Mary-Moyie transform, eastern Washington eastern Idaho upper-plate margin, Snake River transfer, Nevada-Utah lower-plate margin, and Mina transfer. The rift is orthogonal to most older basement domains, but the location of the transform-transfer zones suggests control of them by basement domain boundaries. The zigzag geometry of reentrants and promontories along the rift is paralleled by salients and recesses in younger thrust belts and by segmentation of younger extensional domains. Likewise, transform-transfer zones localized subsequent transcurrent structures and igneous activity. Sediment-hosted mineral deposits trace the same zigzag geometry along the margin. Sedimentary exhalative (sedex) Zn-Pb-Ag +/- Au and barite mineral deposits formed in continental-slope rocks during the Late Devonian-Mississippian and to a lesser degree, during the Cambrian-Early Ordovician. Such deposits formed during episodes of renewed extension along miogeoclinal segments. Carbonate-hosted Mississippi Valley type (MVT) Zn-Pb deposits formed in structurally reactivated continental shelf rocks during the Late Devonian-Mississippian and Mesozoic due to reactivation of preexisting structures. The distribution and abundance of sedex and MVT deposits are controlled by the polarity and kinematics of the rift segment. Locally, discrete mineral belts parallel secondary structures such as rotated crustal blocks at depth that produced sedimentary subbasins and conduits for hydrothermal fluids. Where the miogeocline was overprinted by Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformation and magmatism, igneous rock-related mineral deposits are common. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Lund, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM klund@usgs.gov NR 176 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 429 EP 444 DI 10.1130/GES00121.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 281WS UT WOS:000254530200010 ER PT J AU Morrow, JR Sandberg, CA AF Morrow, Jared R. Sandberg, Charles A. TI Evolution of Devonian carbonate-shelf margin, Nevada SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Devonian; Nevada; shelf-slope break; carbonate platforms; tectonism ID ROBERTS-MOUNTAINS ALLOCHTHON; NORTH-CENTRAL NEVADA; EASTERN GREAT-BASIN; SOUTHERN NEVADA; ANTLER OROGENY; STRATIGRAPHY; BOUNDARY; DEPOSITS; AMERICA; BRECCIA AB The north-trending, 550-km-long Nevada segment of the Devonian carbonate-shelf margin, which fringed western North America, evidences the complex interaction of paleotectonics, eustasy, biotic changes, and bolide impact-related influences. Margin reconstruction is complicated by mid-Paleozoic to Paleogene compressional tectonics and younger extensional and strike-slip faulting. Reports published during the past three decades identify 12 important events that influenced development of shelf-margin settings; in chronological order, these are: (1) Early Devonian inheritance of Silurian stable shelf margin, (2) formation of Early to early Middle Devonian shelf-margin basins, (3) progradation of later Middle Devonian shelf margin, (4) late Middle Devonian Taghanic onlap and continuing long-term Frasnian transgression, (5) initiation of latest Middle Devonian to early Frasnian proto-Antler orogenic forebulge, (6) mid-Frasnian Alamo Impact, (7) accelerated development of proto-Antler forebulge and backbulge Pilot basin, (8) global late Frasnian semichatovae sea-level rise, (9) end-Frasnian sea-level fluctuations and ensuing mass extinction, (10) long-term Famennian regression and continent-wide erosion, (11) late Famennian emergence of Antler orogenic highlands, and (12) end-Devonian eustatic sea-level fall. Although of considerable value for understanding facies relationships and geometries, existing standard carbonate platform-margin models developed for passive settings elsewhere do not adequately describe the diverse depositional and structural settings along the Nevada Devonian platform margin. Recent structural and geochemical studies suggest that the Early to Middle Devonian shelf-margin basins may have been fault bound and controlled by inherited Precambrian structure. Subsequently, the migrating latest Middle to Late Devonian Antler orogenic forebulge exerted a dominant control on shelf-margin position, morphology, and sedimentation. C1 [Morrow, Jared R.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Sandberg, Charles A.] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Morrow, JR (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr,GMCS 237, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM jmorrow@geology.sdsu.edu NR 91 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD APR PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 445 EP 458 DI 10.1130/GES00134.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 281WS UT WOS:000254530200011 ER PT J AU Wallace, CSA Webb, RH Thomas, KA AF Wallace, Cynthia S. A. Webb, Robert H. Thomas, Kathryn A. TI Estimation of perennial vegetation cover distribution in the Mojave Desert using MODIS-EVI data SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER; REGRESSION; LANDSCAPE; STRATEGY AB This paper details a method to create regional models of perennial vegetation cover using pre-existing field data and satellite imagery. Total cover of perennial vegetation is an important ecological attribute of desert ecosystems, including the Mojave Desert, USA, an area of 125,000 km(2). Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Enhanced Vegetation Index (MODIS-EVI) data were coupled with measurements of total perennial cover and plot elevation using stepwise linear regression and linear regression techniques to create two models of cover. The final models produced R-2 of 0.82 and 0.81, respectively, and yielded maps of perennial cover distribution in the Mojave Desert at 250 m spatial resolution. C1 [Wallace, Cynthia S. A.; Webb, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Thomas, Kathryn A.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wallace, CSA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 North Pk, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM cwallace@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 167 EP 187 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.45.2.167 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 295KB UT WOS:000255472300003 ER PT J AU Myint, SW Giri, CP Le, W Zhu, ZL Gillette, SC AF Myint, Soe W. Giri, Chandra P. Le Wang Zhu, Zhiliang Gillette, Shana C. TI Identifying mangrove species and their surrounding land use and land cover classes using an object-oriented approach with a lacunarity spatial measure SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID FOREST; PATTERNS; IMAGERY; IKONOS AB Accurate and reliable information on the spatial distribution of mangrove species is needed for a wide variety of applications, including sustainable management of mangrove forests, conservation and reserve planning, ecological and biogeographical studies, and invasive species management. Remotely sensed data have been used for such purposes with mixed results. Our study employed an object-oriented approach with the use of a lacunarity technique to identify different mangrove species and their surrounding land use and land cover classes in a tsunami-affected area of Thailand using Landsat satellite data. Our results showed that the object-oriented approach with lacunarity-transformed bands is more accurate (overall accuracy 94.2%; kappa coefficient = 0.91) than traditional per-pixel classifiers (overall accuracy 62.8%; and kappa coefficient = 0.57). C1 [Myint, Soe W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Giri, Chandra P.; Zhu, Zhiliang] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Le Wang] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. [Gillette, Shana C.] Colorado State Univ, Inst Anim Populat Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gillette, Shana C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Journalism & Tech Commun, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Myint, SW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci, POB 870104, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM soe.myint@asu.edu RI wang, le/A-7236-2011 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 19 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 188 EP 208 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.45.2.188 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 295KB UT WOS:000255472300004 ER PT J AU Yu, KW Faulkner, SP Baldwin, MJ AF Yu, Kewei Faulkner, Stephen P. Baldwin, Michael J. TI Effect of hydrological conditions on nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide dynamics in a bottomland hardwood forest and its implication for soil carbon sequestration SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; global warming potential; greenhouse gas; methane; redox potential; sea level rise; wetland ID RIVER DELTAIC PLAIN; OXIDATION; WETLANDS; DENITRIFICATION; CONSUMPTION; POTENTIALS; LOUISIANA; EMISSIONS; SALINITY; GRADIENT AB This study was conducted at three locations in a bottomland hardwood forest with a distinct elevation and hydrological gradient: ridge (high, dry), transition, and swamp (low, wet). At each location, concentrations of soil greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4, and CO2), their fluxes to the atmosphere, and soil redox potential (Eh) were measured bimonthly, while the water table was monitored every day. Results show that soil Eh was significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with water table: a negative correlation at the ridge and transition locations, but a positive correlation at the permanently flooded swamp location. Both soil gas profile analysis and surface gas flux measurements indicated that the ridge and transition locations could be a sink of atmospheric CH4, especially in warm seasons, but generally functioned as a minor source of CH4 in cool seasons. The swamp location was a major source of CH4, and the emission rate was higher in the warm seasons (mean 28 and median 23 mg m(-2) h(-1)) than in the cool seasons (both mean and median 13 mg m(-2) h(-1)). Average CO2 emission rate was 251, 380 and 52 mg m(-2) h(-1) for the ridge, transition and swamp location, respectively. At each location, higher CO2 emission rates were also found in the warm seasons. The lowest CO2 emission rate was found at the swamp location, where soil C content was the highest, due to less microbial biomass, less CO2 production in such an anaerobic environment, and greater difficulty of CO2 diffusion to the atmosphere. Cumulative global warming potential emission from these three greenhouse gases was in an order of swamp > transition > ridge location. The ratio CO2/CH4 production in soil is a critical factor for evaluating the overall benefit of soil C sequestration, which can be greatly offset by CH4 production and emission. C1 [Yu, Kewei] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Faulkner, Stephen P.; Baldwin, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Yu, Kewei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. RP Yu, KW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kyu1@lsu.edu RI Baldwin, Michael/G-9965-2014 OI Baldwin, Michael/0000-0002-7865-6590 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 9 U2 69 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 798 EP 812 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01545.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276FI UT WOS:000254126300008 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, RJ Henson, J Van Volkenburgh, E Hoy, M Wright, L Beckwith, F Kim, YO Redman, RS AF Rodriguez, Rusty J. Henson, Joan Van Volkenburgh, Elizabeth Hoy, Marshal Wright, Leesa Beckwith, Fleur Kim, Yong-Ok Redman, Regina S. TI Stress tolerance in plants via habitat-adapted symbiosis SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adaptive; endophyte; fungal; stress; symbiosis ID MONOCOT-DICOT DIVERGENCE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM; PATHOGEN; RESPONSES; HOST; LINEAGES; DROUGHT; ORIGIN; MUTANT AB We demonstrate that native grass species from coastal and geothermal habitats require symbiotic fungal endophytes for salt and heat tolerance, respectively. Symbiotically conferred stress tolerance is a habitat-specific phenomenon with geothermal endophytes conferring heat but not salt tolerance, and coastal endophytes conferring salt but not heat tolerance. The same fungal species isolated from plants in habitats devoid of salt or heat stress did not confer these stress tolerances. Moreover, fungal endophytes from agricultural crops conferred disease resistance and not salt or heat tolerance. We define habitat-specific, symbiotically-conferred stress tolerance as habitat-adapted symbiosis and hypothesize that it is responsible for the establishment of plants in high-stress habitats. The agricultural, coastal and geothermal plant endophytes also colonized tomato (a model eudicot) and conferred disease, salt and heat tolerance, respectively. In addition, the coastal plant endophyte colonized rice (a model monocot) and conferred salt tolerance. These endophytes have a broad host range encompassing both monocots and eudicots. Interestingly, the endophytes also conferred drought tolerance to plants regardless of the habitat of origin. Abiotic stress tolerance correlated either with a decrease in water consumption or reactive oxygen sensitivity/generation but not to increased osmolyte production. The ability of fungal endophytes to confer stress tolerance to plants may provide a novel strategy for mitigating the impacts of global climate change on agricultural and native plant communities. C1 [Rodriguez, Rusty J.; Van Volkenburgh, Elizabeth; Hoy, Marshal; Wright, Leesa; Beckwith, Fleur; Kim, Yong-Ok; Redman, Regina S.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rodriguez, Rusty J.; Hoy, Marshal; Beckwith, Fleur] US Geol Survey, WFRC, Seattle, WA USA. [Henson, Joan; Wright, Leesa; Kim, Yong-Ok; Redman, Regina S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Redman, RS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rustyrod@u.washington.edu NR 48 TC 220 Z9 247 U1 15 U2 140 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 BP 404 EP 416 DI 10.1038/ismej.2007.106 PG 13 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 292TJ UT WOS:000255288700006 PM 18256707 ER PT J AU Kery, M Royle, JA AF Kery, M. Royle, J. A. TI Hierarchical Bayes estimation of species richness and occupancy in spatially replicated surveys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; breeding bird survey; MCMC; monitoring; multilevel; multisite estimation; WinBUGS ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; BIRD COMMUNITIES; POPULATION-SIZE; MIXTURE-MODELS; INFERENCE; FOREST; DETECTABILITY; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; PROBABILITIES AB 1. Species richness is the most widely used biodiversity metric, but cannot be observed directly as, typically, some species are overlooked. Imperfect detectability must therefore be accounted for to obtain unbiased species-richness estimates. When richness is assessed at multiple sites, two approaches can be used to estimate species richness: either estimating for each site separately, or pooling all samples. The first approach produces imprecise estimates, while the second loses site-specific information. 2. In contrast, a hierarchical Bayes (HB) multispecies site-occupancy model benefits from the combination of information across sites without losing site-specific information and also yields occupancy estimates for each species. The heart of the model is an estimate of the incompletely observed presence-absence matrix, a centrepiece of biogeography and monitoring studies. We illustrate the model using Swiss breeding bird survey data, and compare its estimates with the widely used jackknife species-richness estimator and raw species counts. 3. Two independent observers each conducted three surveys in 26 1-km(2) quadrats, and detected 27-56 (total 103) species. The average estimated proportion of species detected after three surveys was 0.87 under the HB model. Jackknife estimates were less precise (less repeatable between observers) than raw counts, but HB estimates were as repeatable as raw counts. The combination of information in the HB model thus resulted in species-richness estimates presumably at least as unbiased as previous approaches that correct for detectability, but without costs in precision relative to uncorrected, biased species counts. 4. Total species richness in the entire region sampled was estimated at 113.1 (CI 106-123); species detectability ranged from 0.08 to 0.99, illustrating very heterogeneous species detectability; and species occupancy was 0.06-0.96. Even after six surveys, absolute bias in observed occupancy was estimated at up to 0.40. 5. Synthesis and applications. The HB model for species-richness estimation combines information across sites and enjoys more precise, and presumably less biased, estimates than previous approaches. It also yields estimates of several measures of community size and composition. Covariates for occupancy and detectability can be included. We believe it has considerable potential for monitoring programmes as well as in biogeography and community ecology. C1 Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. [Royle, J. A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kery, M (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM marc.kery@vogelwarte.ch OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 49 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 589 EP 598 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01441.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277DI UT WOS:000254192500021 ER PT J AU Benson, LV Taylor, HE Peterson, KA Shattuck, BD Ramotnik, CA Stein, JR AF Benson, L. V. Taylor, H. E. Peterson, K. A. Shattuck, B. D. Ramotnik, C. A. Stein, J. R. TI Development and evaluation of geochemical methods for the sourcing of archaeological maize SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE maize; Sr isotopes; trace metals; mice ID STRONTIUM ISOTOPE RATIOS AB Strontium (Sr)-isotope values on bone from deer mice pairs from 12 field sites in the Chaco Canyon area, New Mexico, were compared with isotope values of synthetic soil waters from the same fields. The data indicate that mice obtain Sr from near-surface sources and that soil samples collected at depths ranging from 25 to 95 cm contain Sr that is more accessible to the deep roots of maize; thus, synthetic soil solutions provide better data for the sourcing of archaeological maize. However, the Sr-isotope composition of mice may be more valuable in sourcing archaeological remains of animals such as rabbit, turkey, and deer. In a separate study, five Native American maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) accessions grown out at New Mexico State University Agricultural Science Center, Farmington, New Mexico were used to determine if soil-water metal pairs partition systematically into cobs and kernels. The sampled maize included landraces from three Native American groups (Acoma, Hopi, Zuni) that still occupy the Four Corners area. Two cobs each were picked from 10 plants of each landrace. Partitioning of the Ba/Mn, Ba/Sr, Ca/Sr, and K/Rb metal pairs from the soil water to the cob appears to behave in a systematic fashion. In addition, 51 rare earth element (REE) pairs also appear to systematically partition from the soil water into cobs; however, the ratios of the REE dissolved in the soil waters are relatively invariant; therefore, the distribution coefficients that describe the partitioning of REE from the soil water to the cob may not apply to archeological cobs grown under chemically heterogeneous conditions. Partitioning of Ba/Rb, Ba/Sr, Mg/P, and Mn/P metal pairs from the soil water to kernels also behaves in a systematic fashion. Given that modern Native American landraces were grown under optimal environmental conditions that may not have been duplicated by prehistoric Native Americans, the distribution coefficients obtained in this study should be used with caution. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Benson, L. V.; Taylor, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Peterson, K. A.; Shattuck, B. D.] Chaco Culture Natl Hist Pk, Nageezi, NM 87037 USA. [Ramotnik, C. A.] Univ New Mexico, Fort Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Stein, J. R.] Navajo Nat Chaco Protect Program, Window Rock, AZ 86515 USA. RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM lbenson@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 912 EP 921 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2007.06.018 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 271YH UT WOS:000253824100009 ER PT J AU Shivappa, RB Savan, R Kono, T Sakai, M Emmenegger, E Kurath, G Levine, JF AF Shivappa, R. B. Savan, R. Kono, T. Sakai, M. Emmenegger, E. Kurath, G. Levine, J. F. TI Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE detection; koi carp; loop mediated isothermal amplification; spring viraemia of carp virus ID RAPID DETECTION; DNA AMPLIFICATION; NORTH-AMERICA; COMMON CARP; 1ST REPORT; FISH; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; SHRIMP; ASSAY AB Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdovirus associated with systemic illness and mortality in cyprinids. Several diagnostic tests are available for detection of SVCV. However, most of these tests are time consuming and are not well adapted for field-based diagnostics. In this study, a diagnostic tool for SVCV detection based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has been developed. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein (G) gene of SVCV North Carolina (NC) isolate, four sets (each set containing two outer and two inner) of primers were designed. Temperature and time conditions were optimized to 65 degrees C and 60 min, respectively, for LAMP and RT-LAMP using one primer set. In vitro specificity was evaluated using four different strains of fish rhabdoviruses and RT-LAMP was found to be specific to SVCV. Serial dilutions of SVCV NC isolate was used to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of RT-LAMP. Sensitivity of the assays was similar to RT-PCR and detected SVCV even at the lowest dilution of 10(1) TCID50 mL(-1). The ability of RT-LAMP to detect SVCV from infected carp was also tested and the assay detected SVCV from all infected fish. The isothermal temperature requirements, high specificity and sensitivity, and short incubation time of the RT-LAMP assay make it an excellent choice as a field diagnostic test for SVCV. C1 [Shivappa, R. B.; Levine, J. F.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Savan, R.; Kono, T.] Miyazaki Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Marine Biotechnol, Miyazaki 88921, Japan. [Emmenegger, E.; Kurath, G.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resource Div, USGS, Seattle, WA USA. RP Shivappa, RB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM raghunath_shivappa@ncsu.edu NR 32 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00894.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 276FO UT WOS:000254126900002 PM 18353016 ER PT J AU LaPatra, S Kocan, R Hershberger, P AF LaPatra, S. Kocan, R. Hershberger, P. TI Potential for cross-contamination of in vitro explant cultures initiated from Ichthyophonus-infected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cross-contamination; Ichthyophonus; in vitro culture; rainbow trout ID CHINOOK SALMON; YUKON RIVER; CULTIVATION; HOFERI C1 [LaPatra, S.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. [Kocan, R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hershberger, P.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA USA. RP LaPatra, S (reprint author), Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, POB 712, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. EM scottl@clearsprings.com NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00892.x PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 276FO UT WOS:000254126900010 PM 18353024 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RA Bender, LC AF Baldwin, Roger A. Bender, Louis C. TI Distribution, occupancy, and habitat correlates of American martens (Martes americana) in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE detection probability; habitat; logistic regression; marten; Martes americana; occupancy; Rocky Mountain National Park ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; FOREST; SELECTION; CONSERVATION; SCALE; RATES; DIET AB A clear understanding of habitat associations of martens (Martes americana) is necessary to effectively manage and monitor populations. However, this information was lacking for martens in most of their southern range, particularly during the summer season. We studied the distribution and habitat correlates of martens from 2004 to 2006 in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) across 3 spatial scales: site-specific, home-range, and landscape. We used remote-sensored cameras from early August through late October to inventory occurrence of martens and modeled occurrence as a function of habitat and landscape variables using binary response (BR) and binomial count (BC) logistic regression, and occupancy modeling (OM). We also assessed which was the most appropriate modeling technique for martens in RMNP. Of the 3 modeling techniques, OM appeared to be most appropriate given the explanatory power of derived models and its incorporation of detection probabilities, although the results from BR and BC provided corroborating evidence of important habitat correlates. Location of sites in the western portion of the park, riparian mixed-conifer stands, and mixed-conifer with aspen patches were most frequently positively correlated with occurrence of martens, whereas more xeric and open sites were avoided. Additionally, OM yielded unbiased occupancy values ranging from 91% to 100% and 20% to 30% for the western and eastern portions of RMNP, respectively. C1 [Baldwin, Roger A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Bender, Louis C.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Baldwin, RA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM rbaldwin@nmsu.edu NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 2 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-053R1.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 293AC UT WOS:000255306200016 ER PT J AU Work, TM Takata, G Whipps, CM Kent, ML AF Work, Thierry M. Takata, Geraldine Whipps, Christopher M. Kent, Michael L. TI A new species of Henneguya (myxozoa) in the big-eyed SCAD (Selar crumenophthalmus) from Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N. SP MYXOZOA; CARDIAC HENNEGUYOSIS; RED-SEA; MYXOSPOREA; PHYLOGENY; KUDOIDAE; FISHES; HEART AB We describe anew myxozoan, Henneguya akule n. sp., infecting the carangid fish Selar crumenophthalmus in Hawaii. Spores were found only in the aortic bulb, characterized by elliptical capsule with 2 tails, and pyriform polar capsules that angled toward the anterior end of the spore. Polar filaments had 3-4 coils. Parasites were present in apparently healthy fishes and caused no evident gross pathology. On microscopy, parasites evinced a mild inflammatory response in the host characterized by accumulations of eosinophilic fibrillar material around spores and a mononuclear infiltrate in the adventitia of the bulbus arteriosus. Overall prevalence was 20%, and prevalence between 2001 and 2006 ranged from 12 to 27%, but did not differ significantly between years. In contrast, prevalence of infection was highest in south-central Oahu. There was no relationship between infection status and body condition or gender of fish, and infection was absent in the smallest and largest fishes. Phylogenetically, H. akule n. sp. is most closely related to other Henneguya species infecting the heart of marine fishes based on ribosomal DNA analysis. This is the first documentation of a myxozoan parasite in marine fishes from Hawaii. C1 [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Takata, Geraldine] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Whipps, Christopher M.; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5-231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM thierry_work@usgs.gov RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015; OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090; Whipps, Christopher/0000-0001-6139-0426 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 94 IS 2 BP 524 EP 529 DI 10.1645/GE-1385.1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 305VZ UT WOS:000256207200026 PM 18564755 ER PT J AU Olsen, KB Stephenson, WJ Geisselmeyer, A AF Olsen, Kim B. Stephenson, William J. Geisselmeyer, Andreas TI 3D crustal structure and long-period ground motions from a M9.0 megathrust earthquake in the Pacific Northwest region SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE finite-difference simulation; long-period ground motion; megathrust earthquake ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEATTLE FAULT ZONE; PUGET-SOUND; FORE-ARC; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; POTENTIAL-FIELD; WASHINGTON; LOWLAND; AMERICA AB We have developed a community velocity model for the Pacific Northwest region from northern California to southern Canada and carried out the first 3D simulation of a M-w 9.0 megathrust earthquake rupturing along the Cascadia subduction zone using a parallel supercomputer. A long-period (< 0.5 Hz) source model was designed by mapping the inversion results for the December 26, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (Han et al., Science 313(5787):658-662, 2006) onto the Cascadia subduction zone. Representative peak ground velocities for the metropolitan centers of the region include 42 cm/s in the Seattle area and 8-20 cm/s in the Tacoma, Olympia, Vancouver, and Portland areas. Combined with an extended duration of the shaking up to 5 min, these long-period ground motions may inflict significant damage on the built environment, in particular on the highrises in downtown Seattle. C1 [Olsen, Kim B.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Stephenson, William J.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Geisselmeyer, Andreas] Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. RP Olsen, KB (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM kbolsen@sciences.sdsu.edu NR 43 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10950-007-9082-y PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 279NJ UT WOS:000254361600003 ER PT J AU Brocher, TM AF Brocher, Thomas M. TI Key elements of regional seismic velocity models for long period ground motion simulations SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seismic; velocity; attenuation; shear; compressional; density ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; WAVES; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; DENSITY; VALLEY; JAPAN AB Regional 3-D seismic velocity models used for broadband strong motion simulations must include compressional-wave velocity (Vp), shear-wave velocity (Vs), intrinsic attenuation (Qp, Qs), and density. Vs and Qs are the most important of these parameters because the strongest ground motions are generated chiefly by shear- and surface-wave arrivals. Because Vp data are more common than Vs data, many researchers first develop a Vp model and convert it to a Vs model. I describe recent empirical relations between Vs, Vp, Qs, Qp, and density that allow velocity models to be rapidly and accurately calculated. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brocher, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM brocher@usgs.gov OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-4649 J9 J SEISMOL JI J. Seismol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s10950-007-9061-3 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 279NJ UT WOS:000254361600008 ER PT J AU Eversole, AG Anderson, WD Isely, JJ AF Eversole, Arnold G. Anderson, William D. Isely, J. Jeffery TI Age and growth of the knobbed whelk Busycon carica (Gmelin 1791) in South Carolina subtidal waters SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE whelk; growth; age; management; tagging; mark-recapture; Busycon carica AB Knobbed whelk, Busycon carica (Gmelin, 1791), age and growth were estimated using tagged and recaptured individuals (n = 396) from areas off South Carolina coastal islands. Recaptured whelks were at large an average of 298 d (4-2,640 d). Growth, an increase in shell length (SL), was evident in 24% of the recaptured whelks, whereas 29% of recaptured individuals were the same size as when released and 47% were smaller than the released size. Mean growth rate was <0.001 mm SL/d and 0.022 mm SL/d if decreases in SL were assumed to be zero. Smaller whelks (<= 90 min SL) at large for over one year grew seven times faster than larger whelks. The von Bertalanffy growth model: SLt = 159.5(l - e(-0.0765(t+0.4162))), was developed from the mark-recapture whelks exhibiting growth. Based on a South Carolina minimum legal size of 102 mm SL, whelks recruit into the fishery at 13 y of age. The longevity, large size at maturity and slow growth suggest the potential for over harvest of knobbed whelk. Future whelk management plans may wish to consider whether economically viable commercial harvest can be sustainable. C1 [Eversole, Arnold G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Anderson, William D.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Div Marine Res, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. [Isely, J. Jeffery] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Eversole, AG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM aevrsl@clemson.edu NR 13 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[423:AAGOTK]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 286XU UT WOS:000254880600024 ER PT J AU Carter, JM Lapham, WW Zogorski, JS AF Carter, Janet M. Lapham, Wayne W. Zogorski, John S. TI Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE volatile organic compounds; aquifers; ground water; transport and fate; ground water management ID IN-GROUND WATER; DRINKING-WATER; MIXTURES; WELLS; VOCS AB Samples of ambient ground water were collected during 1985-2002 from 3,498 wells in 98 aquifer studies throughout the United States. None of the sampled wells were selected because of prior knowledge of nearby contamination. Most of these samples were analyzed for 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to characterize their national occurrence. Volatile organic compounds were found in samples collected from 90 of the 98 aquifer studies. Occurrence frequencies of one or more VOCs for the 98 aquifer studies ranged from 0 to about 77% at an assessment level of 0.2 microgram per liter (mu g/l). The aquifer studies with the largest occurrence frequencies were in southern Florida, southern New York, southern California, New Jersey, and Nevada. Trihalomethanes and solvents were the most frequently occurring VOC groups. Of the 55 VOCs included in this assessment, 42 occurred in at least one sample at an assessment level of 0.2 mu g/l. Chloroform, perchloroethene, and methyl tert-butyl ether were the most frequently occurring VOCs. Many factors, such as the hydrogeology of the aquifer, use of VOCs, land use, and the transport and fate properties of VOCs, affect the occurrence of VOCs in ground water. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Carter, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jmcarter@usgs.gov OI Carter, Janet/0000-0002-6376-3473 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 399 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00170.x PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 284XP UT WOS:000254741500012 ER PT J AU Kingsbury, JA AF Kingsbury, James A. TI Relation between flow and temporal variations of nitrate and pesticides in two karst springs in northern Alabama SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE karst hydrology; pesticides; nitrate; pesticide degradates; water quality; monitoring ID QUALITY AB Two karst springs in the Mississippian Carbonate Aquifer of northern Alabama were sampled between March 1999 and March 2001 to characterize the variability in concentration of nitrate, pesticides, selected pesticide degradates, water temperature, and inorganic constituents. Water temperature and inorganic ion data for McGeehee Spring indicate that this spring represents a shallow flow system with a relatively short average ground-water residence time. Water issuing from the larger of the two springs, Meridianville Spring, maintained a constant temperature, and inorganic ion data indicate that this water represents a deeper flow system having a longer average ground-water residence time than McGeehee Spring. Although water-quality data indicate differing short-term responses to rainfall at the two springs, the seasonal variation of nitrate and pesticide concentrations generally is similar for the two springs. With the exception of pesticides detected at low concentrations, the coefficient of variation for most constituent concentrations was less than that of flow at both springs, with greater variability in concentration at McGeehee Spring. Degradates of the herbicides atrazine and fluometuron were detected at concentrations comparable to or greater than the parent pesticides. Decreases in concentration of the principal degradate of fluometuron from about July to November indicate that the degradation rate may decrease as fluometuron (demethylfluometuron) moves deeper into the soil after application. Data collected during the study show that from about November to March when recharge rates increase, nitrate and residual pesticides in the soil, unsaturated zone, and storage within the aquifer are transported to the spring discharges. Because of the increase in recharge, fluorneturon loads discharged from the springs during the winter were comparable to loads discharged at the springs during the growing season. C1 US Geol Survey, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. RP Kingsbury, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 640 Grassmere Pk Rd,Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM jakingsb@usgs.gov OI Kingsbury, James/0000-0003-4985-275X NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 478 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00176.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 284XP UT WOS:000254741500018 ER PT J AU Blehert, DS Jefferson, KL Heisey, DM Samuel, MD Berlowski, BM Shadduck, DJ AF Blehert, David S. Jefferson, Keynttisha L. Heisey, Dennis M. Samuel, Michael D. Berlowski, Brenda M. Shadduck, Daniel J. TI Using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to differentiate isolates of Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism; avian cholera; DNA fingerprinting; Pasteurella multocida; waterfowl ID AVIAN CHOLERA; DNA FINGERPRINT; EARED GREBES; WATERFOWL; MIGRATION; UTAH AB Avian cholera, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, kills thousands of North American wild waterfowl annually. Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 isolates cultured during a laboratory challenge study of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and collected from wild birds and environmental samples during avian cholera outbreaks were characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, a whole-genome DNA fingerprinting technique. Comparison of the AFLP profiles of 53 isolates from the laboratory challenge demonstrated that P. multocida underwent genetic changes during a 3-mo period. Analysis of 120 P. multocida serotype 1 isolates collected from wild birds and environmental samples revealed that isolates were distinguishable from one another based on regional and temporal genetic characteristics. Thus, AFLP analysis had the ability to distinguish P. multocida isolates of the same serotype by detecting spatiotemporal genetic changes and provides a tool to advance the study of avian cholera epidemiology. Further application of AFLP technology to the examination of wild bird avian cholera outbreaks may facilitate more effective management of this disease by providing the potential to investigate correlations between virulence and P. multocida genotypes, to identify affiliations between bird species and bacterial genotypes, and to elucidate the role of specific bird species in disease transmission. C1 [Blehert, David S.; Jefferson, Keynttisha L.; Heisey, Dennis M.; Berlowski, Brenda M.; Shadduck, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Blehert, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM dblehert@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 209 EP 225 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296KR UT WOS:000255542600001 PM 18436655 ER PT J AU Honeyfield, DC Ross, JP Carbonneau, DA Terrel, SP Woodward, AR Schoeb, TR Perceval, HF Hinterkopf, JP AF Honeyfield, Dale C. Ross, J. Perran Carbonneau, Dwayne A. Terrel, Scott P. Woodward, Allan R. Schoeb, Trenton R. Perceval, H. Franklin Hinterkopf, Joy P. TI Pathology, physiologic parameters, tissue contaminants, and tissue thiamine in morbid and healthy central Florida adult American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE alligator; blood chemistry; crocodilian; gizzard shad; heavy metals; histopathology; mortality; organochlorine pesticides; thiaminase ID LAKE TROUT; GREAT-LAKES; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; REARED ALLIGATORS; PHALLUS SIZE; VITAMIN-E; MORTALITY; PLASMA; SALMONINES AB An investigation of adult alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) mortalities in Lake Griffin, central Florida, was conducted from 1998-2004. Alligator mortality was highest in the months of April and May and annual death count peaked in 2000. Bacterial pathogens, heavy metals, and pesticides were not linked with the mortalities. Blood chemistry did not point to any clinical diagnosis, although differences between impaired and normal animals were noted. Captured alligators with signs of neurologic impairment displayed unresponsive and uncoordinated behavior. Three of 21 impaired Lake Griffin alligators were found to have neural lesions characteristic of thiamine deficiency in the telencephalon, particularly the dorsal ventricular ridge. In some cases, lesions were found in the thalamus, and parts of the midbrain. Liver and muscle tissue concentrations of thiamine (vitamin B(1)) were lowest in impaired Lake Griffin alligators when compared to unimpaired alligators or to alligators from Lake Woodruff, The consumption of thiaminase-positive gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) is thought to have been the cause of the low tissue thiamine and resulting mortalities. C1 [Honeyfield, Dale C.; Hinterkopf, Joy P.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachain Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Ross, J. Perran] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Carbonneau, Dwayne A.; Woodward, Allan R.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Terrel, Scott P.] Disneys Anim Programs, Dept Pathol, Bay Lake, FL 32830 USA. [Schoeb, Trenton R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Perceval, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Wildlife Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Honeyfield, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachain Res Lab, 176 Straight Run Rd, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. EM honeyfie@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 280 EP 294 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296KR UT WOS:000255542600007 PM 18436661 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, TJ Jenks, JA Leslie, DM Neiger, RD AF Zimmerman, Teresa J. Jenks, Jonathan A. Leslie, David M., Jr. Neiger, Regg D. TI Hepatic minerals of white-tailed and mule deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Black Hills; elements; fire; liver; mule deer; Odocoileus hemionus; Odocoileus virginianus; reproduction; South Dakota; white-tailed deer ID COPPER RESERVES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RED DEER; SELENIUM; LIVER; ELK; CALIFORNIA; NUTRIENTS; MUSKOXEN; DISEASE AB Because there is a paucity of information on the mineral requirements of free-ranging deer, data are needed from clinically healthy deer to provide a basis for the diagnosis of mineral deficiencies. To our knowledge, no reports are available on baseline hepatic mineral concentrations from sympatric white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using different habitats in the Northern Great Plains. We assessed variation in hepatic minerals of female white-tailed deer (n = 42) and mule deer (n = 41). Deer were collected in February and August 2002 and 2003 from study areas in Custer and Pennington Counties, South Dakota, in and adjacent to a wildfire burn. Hepatic samples were tested for levels (parts per million; ppm) of aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), thalium (Tl), and zinc (Zn). We predicted that variability in element concentrations would occur between burned and unburned habitat due to changes in plant communities and thereby forage availability. We determined that Zn, Cu, and Ba values differed (P <= 0.05) between habitats. Because of the nutritional demands of gestation and lactation, we hypothesized that elemental concentrations would vary depending on reproductive status; Cd, Cu, Ca, P, Mn, Mo, Na, and Zn values differed (P <= 0.05) by reproductive status. We also hypothesized that, due to variation in feeding strategies and morphology between deer species, hepatic elemental concentrations would reflect dietary differences; Ca, Cu, K, Co, Mo, Se, and Zn differed (P <= 0.05) between species. Further research is needed to determine causes of variation in hepatic mineral levels due to habitat, reproductive status, and species. C1 [Zimmerman, Teresa J.; Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Neiger, Regg D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Brookings, SD 57750 USA. RP Zimmerman, TJ (reprint author), Badlands Natl Pk,25216 Ben Reifel Rd, Brookings, SD 57750 USA. EM teresa_Zimmerman@nps.gov RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 341 EP 350 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296KR UT WOS:000255542600012 PM 18436666 ER PT J AU Hall, JS Minnis, RB Campbell, TA Barras, S DeYoung, RW Pabilonia, K Avery, ML Sullivan, H Clark, L McLean, RG AF Hall, Jeffrey S. Minnis, Richard B. Campbell, Tyler A. Barras, Scoff DeYoung, Randy W. Pabilonia, Kristy Avery, Michael L. Sullivan, Heather Clark, Larry McLean, Robert G. TI Influenza exposure in United States feral swine populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; feral swine; serosurvey; swine influenza ID A VIRUSES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; PIGS; TRANSMISSION; REASSORTMENT; EVOLUTION; TURKEYS AB Swine play an important role in the disease ecology of influenza. Having cellular receptors in common with birds and humans, swine provide opportunities for mixed infections and potential for genetic reassortment between avian, human, and porcine influenza. Feral swine populations are rapidly expanding in both numbers and range and are increasingly coming into contact with waterfowl, humans, and agricultural operations. In this study, over 875 feral swine were sampled from six states across the United States for serologic evidence of exposure to influenza. In Oklahoma, Florida, and Missouri, USA, no seropositive feral swine were detected. Seropositive swine were detected in California, Mississippi, and Texas, USA. Antibody prevalences in these states were 1% in Mississippi, 5% in California, and 14.4% in Texas. All seropositive swine were exposed to H3N2 subtype, the predominant subtype currently circulating in domestic swine. The only exceptions were in San Saba County, Texas, where of the 15 seropositive samples, four were positive for H1N1 and seven for both H1N1 and H3N2. In Texas, there was large geographical and temporal variation in antibody prevalence and no obvious connection to domestic swine operations. No evidence of exposure to avian influenza in feral swine was uncovered. From these results it is apparent that influenza in feral swine poses a risk primarily to swine production operations. However, because feral swine share habitat with waterfowl, prey on and scavenge dead and dying birds, are highly mobile, and are increasingly coming into contact with humans, the potential for these animals to become infected with avian or human influenza in addition to swine influenza is a distinct possibility. C1 [Hall, Jeffrey S.; Sullivan, Heather; Clark, Larry; McLean, Robert G.] USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Minnis, Richard B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Barras, Scoff] USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Moseley, VA 23120 USA. [DeYoung, Randy W.] Texas A&I Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Pabilonia, Kristy] Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Avery, Michael L.] USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM jshall@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 362 EP 368 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296KR UT WOS:000255542600014 PM 18436668 ER PT J AU Heard, DJ Mulcahy, DM Iverson, SA Rizzolo, DJ Greiner, EC Hall, J Ip, H Esler, D AF Heard, Darryl J. Mulcahy, Daniel M. Iverson, Samuel A. Rizzolo, Daniel J. Greiner, Ellis C. Hall, Jeff Ip, Hon Esler, Daniel TI A blood survey of elements, viral antibodies, and hemoparasites in wintering Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) and Barrow's Goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; Barrow's goldeneye; Bucephala islandica; Harlequin Duck; Histrionicus histrionicus; Leucocytozoon simondi; reovirus; selenium ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; EIDERS SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; LONG-TAILED DUCKS; COMMON EIDERS; SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS; EMPEROR GEESE; SEA DUCKS; ALASKA; MERCURY; CONTAMINANTS AB Twenty-eight Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) and 26 Barrow's Goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) were captured in Prince William Sound, Alaska, between 1 and 15 March 2005. Blood was collected for quantification of element concentrations, prevalence of antibodies to several viruses, and hemoparasite prevalence and identification. Although we found selenium concentrations that have been associated with selenosis in some birds (>= 2.0 ppm ww), our findings contribute to a growing literature describing relatively high selenium in apparently healthy birds in marine environments. Avian influenza virus antibodies were detected in the plasma of 28% of the ducks. No antibodies against adenovirus, reovirus, or paramyxovirus 1 were detected. Several hemoparasite species were identified in 7% of ducks. Our findings are similar to those in other free-living marine waterfowl and do not indicate unusual concerns for the health of these species in this area in late winter. C1 [Heard, Darryl J.; Greiner, Ellis C.; Esler, Daniel] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Mulcahy, Daniel M.; Rizzolo, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Iverson, Samuel A.; Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. [Hall, Jeff] Utah State Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ip, Hon] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Heard, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM HeardD@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 486 EP 493 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 296KR UT WOS:000255542600031 PM 18436685 ER PT J AU Von Biela, VR Testa, JW Gill, VA Burns, JM AF Von Biela, Vanessa R. Testa, J. Ward Gill, Verena A. Burns, Jennifer M. TI Evaluating cementum to determine past reproduction in northern sea otters SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE age at first reproduction; Alaska; cementum width method; demography; Enhydra lutris; population biology; reproduction; sea otter ID SEXUAL MATURITY; ELEPHANT SEALS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; RINGED SEALS; AGE; POPULATIONS; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; DENTIN AB Age at first reproduction (AFR) has been difficult to quantify in mammals, as the most commonly used methods require reproductive tracts or direct observations. However, work in several large mammal species suggests that the width of cementum light bands in teeth decline once females begin to reproduce, suggesting that teeth structures might provide a new tool to examine AFR. To determine if changes in cementum light band width could be used to calculate AFR for the northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni), we measured cementum light band widths on sectioned premolar teeth and compared them to reproductive tracts. We classified otters as parous if any single light band was narrower than a threshold value, selected as the value that minimized error rates. At a threshold value of 0.32, we correctly identified otters as parous, or nulliparous in 83% of cases (n = 92) as compared to reproductive tracts, and the AFR estimated from teeth samples (3.52 +/- 0.032 yr) was not different from that determined by reproductive tract analysis (3.45 +/- 0.031 yr; t-test, P > 0.05). These data support the use of cementum as an indicator of past reproduction in individual female otters, which can then be used to estimate average AFR. Given that declines in cementum width have been described for other mammal species, the same quantitative approach used here could be applied to other species. C1 [Von Biela, Vanessa R.; Testa, J. Ward; Burns, Jennifer M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Von Biela, VR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov RI Burns, Jennifer/C-4159-2013 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 618 EP 624 DI 10.2193/2007-218 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800006 ER PT J AU Conway, CJ Garcia, V Smith, MD Hughes, K AF Conway, Courtney J. Garcia, Victoria Smith, Matthew D. Hughes, Katie TI Factors affecting detection of burrowing owl nests during standardized surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; burrowing owl; call-broadcast surveys; detection probability; grassland; monitoring; nesting cycle; population declines; survey methods; tape playback ID PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES; ATHENE-CUNICULARIA; BROADCAST SURVEYS; SITE SELECTION; WASHINGTON; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; COLORADO; HABITAT; RATES AB Identifying causes of declines and evaluating effects of management practices on persistence of local populations of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) requires accurate estimates of abundance and population trends. Moreover, regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada typically require surveys to detect nest burrows prior to approving developments or other activities in areas that are potentially suitable for nesting burrowing owls. In general guidelines on timing of surveys have been lacking and surveys have been conducted at different times of day and in different stages of the nesting cycle. We used logistic regression to evaluate 7 factors that could potentially affect probability of a surveyor detecting a burrowing owl nest. We conducted 1,444 detection trials at 323 burrowing owl nests within 3 study areas in Washington and Wyoming, USA, between February and August 2000-2002. Detection probability was highest during the nestling period and increased with ambient temperature. The other 5 factors that we examined (i.e., study area, time of day, timing within the breeding season, wind speed, % cloud cover) interacted with another factor to influence detection probability. Use of call-broadcast surveys increased detection probability, even during daylight hours when we detected >95% of owls visually. Optimal timing of surveys will vary due to differences in breeding phenology and differences in nesting behavior across populations. Nevertheless, we recommend >= 3 surveys per year: one that coincides with the laying and incubation period, another that coincides with the early nestling period, and a third that coincides with the late nestling period. In northern latitudes, surveys can be conducted throughout the day. C1 [Conway, Courtney J.; Garcia, Victoria; Smith, Matthew D.; Hughes, Katie] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Nat Resources, 325 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconway@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 688 EP 696 DI 10.2193/2007-321 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800015 ER PT J AU Green, MC Luent, MC Michot, TC Jeske, CW Leberg, PL AF Green, M. Clay Luent, Margaret C. Michot, Thomas C. Jeske, Clinton W. Leberg, Paul L. TI Comparison and assessment of aerial and ground estimates of waterbird colonies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; colonial waterbirds; egrets; ground counts; herons; Louisiana; marked-subsample ID VISIBILITY BIAS; COUNTS; ACCURACY; NUMBERS AB Aerial surveys are often used to quantify sizes of waterbird colonies; however, these surveys would benefit from a better understanding of associated biases. We compared estimates of breeding pairs of waterbirds, in colonies across southern Louisiana, USA, made from the ground, fixed-wing aircraft, and a helicopter. We used a marked-subsample method for ground-counting colonies to obtain estimates of error and visibility bias. We made comparisons over 2 sampling periods: 1) surveys conducted on the same colonies using an 3 methods during 3-11 May 2005 and 2) an expanded fixed-wing and ground-survey comparison conducted over 4 periods (May and Jun, 2004-2005). Estimates from fixed-wing aircraft were approximately 65% higher than those from ground counts for overall estimated number of breeding pairs and for both dark and white-plumaged species. The coefficient of determination between estimates based on ground and fixed-wing aircraft was <= 0.40 for most species, and based on the assumption that estimates from the ground were closer to the true count, fixed-wing aerial surveys appeared to overestimate numbers of nesting birds of some species; this bias often increased with the size of the colony. Unlike estimates from fixed-wing aircraft, numbers of nesting pairs made from ground and helicopter surveys were very similar for all species we observed. Ground counts by one observer resulted in underestimated number of breeding pairs by 20% on average. The marked-subsample method provided an estimate of the number of missed nests as well as an estimate of precision. These estimates represent a major advantage of marked-subsample ground counts over aerial methods; however, ground counts are difficult in large or remote colonies. Helicopter surveys and ground counts provide less biased, more precise estimates of breeding pairs than do surveys made from fixed-wing aircraft. We recommend managers employ ground counts using double observers for surveying waterbird colonies when feasible. Fixed-wing aerial surveys may be suitable to determine colony activity and composition of common waterbird species. The most appropriate combination of survey approaches will be based on the need for precise and unbiased estimates, balanced with financial and logistical constraints. C1 [Green, M. Clay] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Luent, Margaret C.; Leberg, Paul L.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Michot, Thomas C.; Jeske, Clinton W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Green, MC (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM claygreen@txstate.edu RI Green, Michael/A-2902-2013 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 697 EP 706 DI 10.2193/2006-391 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800016 ER PT J AU Kross, J Kaminski, RM Reinecke, KJ Penny, EJ Pearse, AT AF Kross, Jennifer Kaminski, Richard M. Reinecke, Kenneth J. Penny, Edward J. Pearse, Aaron T. TI Moist-soil seed abundance in managed wetlands in the Mississippi alluvial valley SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mississippi Alluvial Valley; moist-soil plants; multi-stage sampling; seed abundance; waterfowl; wetland management ID TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; CARRYING-CAPACITY; WATERFOWL; HABITAT; FOODS; DUCKS; RICE AB Managed moist-soil units support early succession herbaceous vegetation that produces seeds, tubers, and other plant parts used by waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV), USA. We conducted a stratified multi-stage sample survey on state and federal lands in the MAV of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri during autumns 2002-2004 to generate a contemporary estimate of combined dry mass of seeds and tubers (herein seed abundance) in managed moist-soil units for use by the Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture (LMNJV) of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. We also examined variation in mean seed abundance among moist-soil units in 2003 and 2004 in relation to management intensity (active or passive), soil pH and nutrient levels, proportional occurrence of plant life-forms (e.g., grass, flatsedge, and forb; vine; woody plants), and unit area. Estimates of mean seed abundance were similar in 2002 ((x) over bar = 537.1 kg/ha, SE = 100.1) and 2004 ((x) over bar = 555.2 kg/ha, SE = 105.2) but 35-40% less in 2003 ((x) over bar = 396.8 kg/ha, SE = 116.1). Averaged over years, seed abundance was 496.3 kg/ha (SE = 62.0; CV = 12.5%). Multiple regression analysis indicated seed abundance varied among moist-soil units inversely with proportional occurrence of woody vegetation and unit area and was greater in actively than passively managed units (R-adj(2) = 0.37). Species of early succession grasses occurred more frequently in actively than passively managed units (P <= 0.09), whereas mid- and late-succession plants occurred more often in passively managed units (P <= 0.02). We recommend the LMVJV consider 556 kg/ha as a measure of seed abundance for use in estimating carrying capacity in managed moist-soil units on public lands in the MAV. We recommend active management of moist-soil units to achieve maximum potential seed production and further research to determine recovery rates of seeds of various sizes from core samples and the relationship between seed abundance and unit area. C1 [Kross, Jennifer; Kaminski, Richard M.; Penny, Edward J.; Pearse, Aaron T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Reinecke, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kross, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jkross@ducks.org OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 NR 43 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 707 EP 714 DI 10.2193/2007-100 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800017 ER PT J AU Harper, EK Paul, WJ Mech, LD Weisberg, S AF Harper, Elizabeth K. Paul, William J. Mech, L. David Weisberg, Sanford TI Effectiveness of lethal, directed wolf-depredation control in Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; control; depredations; livestock; management; Minnesota; wolf ID CATTLE; PREDATION; LIVESTOCK; ALBERTA AB Wolf (Canis lupus) depredations on livestock in Minnesota, USA, are an economic problem for many livestock producers, and depredating wolves are lethally controlled. We sought to determine the effectiveness of lethal control through the analysis of data from 923 government-verified wolf depredations from 1979 to 1998. We analyzed the data by 1) assessing the correlations between the number of wolves killed in response to depredations with number of depredations the following year at state and local levels, and 2) the time to the next depredation. No analysis indicated that trapping wolves substantially reduced the following year's depredations at state or local levels. However, more specific analyses indicated that in certain situations, killing wolves was more effective than no action (i.e., not trapping). For example, trapping and killing adult males decreased the re-depredation risk. At sheep farms, killing wolves was generally effective. Attempting to trap, regardless of the results, seemed more effective at reducing depredations than not trapping, suggesting that mere human activity near depredation sites might deter future depredations. C1 [Harper, Elizabeth K.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Paul, William J.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Insepect Serv Wildlife Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Mech, L. David] United States Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestowm, ND 58401 USA. [Weisberg, Sanford] Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Harper, EK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mechx002@umn.edu OI Weisberg, Sanford/0000-0002-1141-6699 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 778 EP 784 DI 10.2193/2007-273 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800026 ER PT J AU Burnham, E Bender, LC Eiceman, GA Pierce, KM Prasad, S AF Burnham, Eric Bender, Louis C. Eiceman, Gary A. Pierce, Karisa M. Prasad, Satendra TI Use of volatile organic components in scat to identify Canid species SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis; chromatography; identification; pattern recognition; scat; species; Urocyon; volatile; Vulpes ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; SPECTROMETRY; RECOGNITION; AIR AB Identification of wildlife species from indirect evidence can be an important part of wildlife management, and conventional methods can be expensive or have high error rates. We used chemical characterization of the volatile organic constituents (VOCs) in scat as a method to identify 5 species of North American canids from multiple individuals. We sampled vapors of scats in the headspace over a sample using solid-phase microextraction and determined VOC content using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. We used linear discriminant analysis to develop models for differentiating species with bootstrapping to estimate accuracy. Our method correctly classified 82.4% (bootstrapped 95% CI = 68.8-93.8%) of scat samples. Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) scat was most frequently misclassified (25.0% of scats misclassified); red fox was also the most common destination for misclassified samples. Our findings are the first reported identification of animal species using VOCs in vapor emissions from scat and suggest that identification of wildlife species may be plausible through chemical characterization of vapor emissions of scat. C1 [Burnham, Eric] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Bender, Louis C.] United States Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Eiceman, Gary A.; Prasad, Satendra] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Pierce, Karisa M.] Seattle Univ, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Burnham, E (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ericb@nmsu.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 792 EP 797 DI 10.2193/2007-330 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800028 ER PT J AU Pearse, AT Gerard, PD Dinsmore, SJ Kaminski, RM Reinecke, KJ AF Pearse, Aaron T. Gerard, Patrick D. Dinsmore, Stephen J. Kaminski, Richard M. Reinecke, Kenneth J. TI Estimation and correction of visibility bias non aerial surveys of wintering ducks SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; aerial survey; bootstrapping; Mississippi; sightability model; variance estimation; visibility bias; waterfowl; winter ID ELK; ABUNDANCE; NUMBERS AB Incomplete detection of all individuals leading to negative bias in abundance estimates is a pervasive source of error in aerial surveys of wildlife, and correcting that bias is a critical step in improving surveys. We conducted experiments using duck decoys as surrogates for live ducks to estimate bias associated with surveys of wintering ducks in Mississippi, USA. We found detection of decoy groups was related to wetland cover type (open vs. forested), group size (1-100 decoys), and interaction of these variables. Observers who detected decoy groups reported counts that averaged 78% of the decoys actually present, and this counting bias was not influenced by either covariate cited above. We integrated this sightability model into estimation procedures for our sample surveys with weight adjustments derived from probabilities of group detection (estimated by logistic regression) and count bias. To estimate variances of abundance estimates, we used bootstrap resampling of transects included in aerial surveys and data from the bias-correction experiment. When we implemented bias correction procedures on data from a field survey conducted in January 2004, we found bias-corrected estimates of abundance increased 36-42%, and associated standard errors increased 38-55%, depending on species or group estimated. We deemed our method successful for integrating correction of visibility bias in an existing sample survey design for wintering ducks in Mississippi, and we believe this procedure could be implemented in a variety of sampling problems for other locations and species. C1 [Pearse, Aaron T.; Dinsmore, Stephen J.; Kaminski, Richard M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, Patrick D.] Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Reinecke, Kenneth J.] United States Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pearse, AT (reprint author), United States Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM apearse@usgs.gov OI Pearse, Aaron/0000-0002-6137-1556 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 808 EP 813 DI 10.2193/2007-274 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800030 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM AF Cryan, Paul M. TI Mating behavior as a possible cause of bat fatalities at wind turbines SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bats; fatalities; Lasiurus; lekking; mating systems; turbines; wind energy ID PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; ROOST SELECTION; VESPERTILIONID BATS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; ENERGY FACILITIES; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; NORTH-AMERICA; SIZE; LASIURUS; PATTERNS AB Bats are killed by wind turbines in North America and Europe in large numbers, yet a satisfactory explanation for this phenomenon remains elusive. Most bat fatalities at turbines thus far occur during late summer and autumn and involve species that roost in trees. In this commentary I draw on existing literature to illustrate how previous behavioral observations of the affected species might help explain these fatalities. I hypothesize that tree bats collide with turbines while engaging in mating behaviors that center on the tallest trees in a landscape, and that such behaviors stem from 2 different mating systems (resource defense polygyny and lekking). Bats use vision to move across landscapes and might react to the visual stimulus of turbines as they do to tall trees. This scenario has serious conservation and management implications. If mating bats are drawn to turbines, wind energy facilities may act as population sinks and risk may be hard to assess before turbines are built. Researchers could observe bat behavior and experimentally manipulate trees, turbines, or other tall structures to test the hypothesis that tree bats mate at the tallest trees. If this hypothesis is supported, management actions aimed at decreasing the attractiveness of turbines to tree bats may help alleviate the problem. C1 Unites States Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), Unites States Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM paul_cryan@usgs.gov OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 58 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 46 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 845 EP 849 DI 10.2193/2007-371 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800035 ER PT J AU Springer, AM Estes, JA van Vliet, GB Williams, TM Doak, DF Danner, EM Pfister, B AF Springer, A. M. Estes, J. A. van Vliet, G. B. Williams, T. M. Doak, D. F. Danner, E. M. Pfister, B. TI Mammal-eating killer whales, industrial whaling, and the sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: A reply to critics of Springer et al. 2003 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID STELLER SEA LIONS; NUTRITIONAL STRESS HYPOTHESIS; OTTER POPULATION DECLINES; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ORCINUS-ORCA; HARBOR SEALS; ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO; MARINE MAMMALS; PLEISTOCENE EXTINCTIONS; DECREASING POPULATIONS C1 [Springer, A. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Estes, J. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Williams, T. M.; Doak, D. F.; Danner, E. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Pfister, B.] Prescott Coll, Ctr Cultural & Ecol Studies, Bahia De Kino, Mexico. RP Springer, AM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ams@ims.uaf.edu NR 156 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 414 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00185.x PG 29 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 291BG UT WOS:000255166700013 ER PT J AU Murata, S Takahashi, S Agusa, T Thomas, NJ Kannan, K Tanabe, S AF Murata, Satoko Takahashi, Shin Agusa, Tetsuro Thomas, Nancy J. Kannan, Kurunthachalam Tanabe, Shinsuke TI Contamination status and accumulation profiles of organotins in sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the coasts of California, Washington, Alaska (USA), and Kamchatka (Russia) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE organotin compounds; sea otters; infectious diseases; California coast; half-lives ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MARINE MAMMALS; BUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS; NEREIS; TRIBUTYLTIN; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; DECLINE; LIVERS AB Organotin compounds (OTs) including mono- to tri-butyltins, -phenyltins, and -octyltins were determined in the liver of adult sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the coasts of California, Washington, and Alaska in the USA and Kamchatka, Russia. Total concentrations of OTs in sea otters from California ranged from 34 to 4100 ng/g on a wet weight basis. The order of concentrations of OTs in sea otters was total butyltins >> total octyltins >= total phenyltins. Elevated concentrations of butyltins (BTs) were found in some otters classified under 'infectious-disease' mortality category. Concentrations of BTs in few of these otters were close to or above the threshold levels for adverse health effects. Total butyltin concentrations decreased significantly in the livers of California sea otters since the 1990s. Based on the concentrations of organotins in sea otters collected from 1992 to 2002, the half-lives of tributyltin and total butyltins in sea otters were estimated to be approximately three years. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Murata, Satoko; Takahashi, Shin; Agusa, Tetsuro; Tanabe, Shinsuke] Ehime Univ, CMES, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Thomas, Nancy J.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Kannan, Kurunthachalam] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Tanabe, S (reprint author), Ehime Univ, CMES, Bunkyo Cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. EM shinsuke@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp RI Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 641 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.01.019 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 298FD UT WOS:000255670900017 PM 18304586 ER PT J AU Coulon, A Fitzpatrick, JW Bowman, R Stith, BM Makarewich, CA Stenzler, LM Lovette, IJ AF Coulon, A. Fitzpatrick, J. W. Bowman, R. Stith, B. M. Makarewich, C. A. Stenzler, L. M. Lovette, I. J. TI Congruent population structure inferred from dispersal behaviour and intensive genetic surveys of the threatened Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphelocoma coerulescens; Bayesian clustering; demographic units; dispersal distance; genetic structure; metapopulations ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; CONSERVATION UNITS; ASSIGNMENT; DISTANCES; INFERENCE; SOFTWARE AB The delimitation of populations, defined as groups of individuals linked by gene flow, is possible by the analysis of genetic markers and also by spatial models based on dispersal probabilities across a landscape. We combined these two complimentary methods to define the spatial pattern of genetic structure among remaining populations of the threatened Florida scrub-jay, a species for which dispersal ability is unusually well-characterized. The range-wide population was intensively censused in the 1990s, and a metapopulation model defined population boundaries based on predicted dispersal-mediated demographic connectivity. We subjected genotypes from more than 1000 individual jays screened at 20 microsatellite loci to two Bayesian clustering methods. We describe a consensus method for identifying common features across many replicated clustering runs. Ten genetically differentiated groups exist across the present-day range of the Florida scrub-jay. These groups are largely consistent with the dispersal-defined metapopulations, which assume very limited dispersal ability. Some genetic groups comprise more than one metapopulation, likely because these genetically similar metapopulations were sundered only recently by habitat alteration. The combined reconstructions of population structure based on genetics and dispersal-mediated demographic connectivity provide a robust depiction of the current genetic and demographic organization of this species, reflecting past and present levels of dispersal among occupied habitat patches. The differentiation of populations into 10 genetic groups adds urgency to management efforts aimed at preserving what remains of genetic variation in this dwindling species, by maintaining viable populations of all genetically differentiated and geographically isolated populations. C1 [Coulon, A.; Fitzpatrick, J. W.; Makarewich, C. A.; Stenzler, L. M.; Lovette, I. J.] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Fuller Evolut Biol Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Bowman, R.] Archbold Biol Stn, Lake Placid, FL 33862 USA. [Stith, B. M.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Coulon, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Fuller Evolut Biol Program, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM ac462@cornell.edu NR 54 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1685 EP 1701 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03705.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 279WA UT WOS:000254384700008 PM 18371014 ER PT J AU Taylor, PW Glenn, RA AF Taylor, Peter W. Glenn, Richard A. TI Toxicity of five therapeutic compounds on juvenile salmonids SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB Toxicity levels of therapeutic compounds used in aquaculture may vary depending on fish size and species, water quality, concentration of the compound, and duration of exposure. Two different sizes (2.0 and 10.0 g) of three salmonids (rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, coho salmon 0. kisutch, and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha) were given immersion treatments with formalin, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide at different concentrations for 1 h. Mortality curves and doses lethal to 50% (LD50) and 2% (LD2) of test fish within 96 h were developed. Analysis of the data showed significant differences in some toxicity levels based on the size of fish within a given species; small fish often were more tolerant than large fish. Among species, some differences in tolerance were apparent. This study showed that fish size and species can affect toxicity and must be considered when developing treatment regimes for those compounds or when collecting target animal safety data for new animal drug applications. C1 [Taylor, Peter W.; Glenn, Richard A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Taylor, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM pete_taylor@fws.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1577/AO6-058.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 293TG UT WOS:000255357200011 ER PT J AU Cade, BS Terrell, JW Porath, MT AF Cade, Brian S. Terrell, James W. Porath, Mark T. TI Estimating fish body condition with quantile regression SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STANDARD-WEIGHT EQUATIONS; W-R INDEX; RELATIVE WEIGHT; HABITAT; LENGTH; MODELS; PATTERNS; WALLEYE; BASS; BIAS AB We used quantile regression to compare the body condition of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops before (1980-1988) and after (1989-2004) the establishment of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake McConaughy, Nebraska. Higher quantiles (percentiles = 100% x quantiles [0, 1]) of weight (W) at the same total length (TL) were indicative of better body condition in an allometric growth model that included separate slopes and intercepts for the before and after groups. All quantiles of walleye weights by TL increased in the years after alewife introduction, ranging from 1.01 to 1.12 times weights in the years before alewife introduction, with greatest increases for the lower (<0.50) quantiles and greater TLs. Quantiles up to 0.25 (the lowest 25th percentiles) of white bass weights were reduced in years after alewife introduction for TLs less than 300 mm, ranging from 0.78 to 0.98 times weights in the years before alewife introduction. However, quantiles greater than or equal to 0.50 (the upper 50th percentiles) of white bass weights increased for all TLs, ranging from 1.01 to 1.06 times the pre-1988 weights. A three-group analysis, which improved the model fit for longer white bass, indicated a reduction (0.80-1.0) in white bass body condition across all TLs in the first 2 years (1989-1990) after alewife introduction, whereas body condition actually improved (1.02-1.12) across all TLs in later years (1991-2004). Thus, after the establishment of alewives in 1988, walleye body condition improved for all fish at all lengths (the greatest improvement occurring among fish in poorer condition), whereas white bass body condition was initially reduced for all fish at all lengths for 2 years and improved in subsequent years. The approach that we developed for comparing fish body condition before and after a management action in Lake McConaughy could be applied to other weight-length data sets typically evaluated with relative weight indices. C1 [Cade, Brian S.; Terrell, James W.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Porath, Mark T.] Div Fisheries, Nebraska Game & Parks Commiss, Lincoln, NE 68503 USA. RP Cade, BS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM brian_cade@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1577/M07-048.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 293BR UT WOS:000255310300001 ER PT J AU Kuhn, KM Hubert, WA Johnson, K Oberlie, D Dufek, D AF Kuhn, Kristopher M. Hubert, Wayne A. Johnson, Kevin Oberlie, Dennis Dufek, David TI Habitat use and movement patterns by adult saugers from fall to summer in an unimpounded small-river system SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPES AB The Little Wind River drainage in Wyoming is a relatively small unimpounded river system inhabited by native saugers Sander canadensis. Radio telemetry was used to assess habitat use and movement patterns by adult saugers in the river system from fall through early summer. Fifty-four adult saugers were captured during fall 2004, surgically implanted with radio transmitters, and tracked through mid-July 2005. Tagged saugers selected large and deep pools. Such pools were abundant throughout the Little Wind River system and led to saugers being widely dispersed from fall to early spring. During fall, winter, and early spring, tagged saugers remained sedentary and moved short distances among pools in close proximity to each other. Longer movements by tagged saugers occurred from mid-spring to early summer, and were associated with both upstream and downstream movements to and from two river segments believed to be used for spawning. During early summer, most saugers returned to locations where they had been tagged the previous fall and had spent the winter. Our results provide evidence that preservation of the sauger fishery in the Wind River system will depend on maintaining fish passage throughout the portion of the watershed inhabited by saugers; and preserving natural fluvial processes that maintain large and deep pools. C1 [Kuhn, Kristopher M.; Hubert, Wayne A.] US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Johnson, Kevin; Oberlie, Dennis; Dufek, David] Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Div Fish, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept 3166, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 360 EP 367 DI 10.1577/M06-235.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 293BR UT WOS:000255310300002 ER PT J AU Fuller, SA Henne, JP Seals, J Mudrak, VA AF Fuller, S. Adam Henne, James P. Seals, John Mudrak, Vincent A. TI Performance of commercially available passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag systems used for fish identification and interjurisdictional fisheries management SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL AB Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag systems are commonly used in identification and monitoring programs with fisheries applications. Transponders of different frequencies, sizes, and code formats are available from numerous manufacturers, and there is increasing concern regarding the need to coordinate tagging efforts with appropriate equipment. Given the high cost of PIT tag systems and the adverse management implications of using incompatible equipment, we evaluated the performance of 20 transponder models and 11 transceiver models currently used in the United States. Compatibility among transceivers ranged from 14% to 81% when evaluated with the 20 transponders in this study. The maximum read distance across all tags and tag readers averaged 9.5 cm (range, 2.0-31.3 cm), and there were significant differences among reader and tag type combinations. Both transponder size and frequency significantly affected the maximum read distance, but transceiver model choice appeared to allow for the greatest practical increase in read distance. These results should assist resource managers with decisions regarding the coordination of tagging efforts that use PIT tag systems, particularly those involving long-lived or interjurisdictional species. C1 [Fuller, S. Adam; Seals, John] Mora Fish Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mora, NM 87732 USA. [Henne, James P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, Wasmalaw Island, SC 29487 USA. [Mudrak, Vincent A.] Warms Springs Reg Fisheries Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. RP Fuller, SA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM afuller@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.1577/M06-019.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 293BR UT WOS:000255310300005 ER PT J AU Connolly, PJ Jezorek, IG Martens, KD Prentice, EF AF Connolly, Patrick J. Jezorek, Ian G. Martens, Kyle D. Prentice, Earl F. TI Measuring the performance of two stationary interrogation systems for detecting downstream and upstream movement of PIT-tagged salmonids SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; CHINOOK SALMON; HABITAT USE; COLUMBIA RIVERS; SMALL STREAMS; FISH; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; SNAKE AB We tested the performance of two stationary interrogation systems designed for detecting the movement of fish with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. These systems allowed us to determine the direction of fish movement with high detection efficiency and high precision in a dynamic stream environment. We describe an indirect method for deriving an estimate for detection efficiency and the associated variance that does not rely on a known number of fish passing the system. By using six antennas arranged in a longitudinal series of three arrays, we attained detection efficiencies for downstream- and upstream-moving fish exceeding 96% during high-flow periods and approached 100% during low-flow periods for the two interrogation systems we tested. Because these systems did not rely on structural components, such as bridges or culverts, they were readily adaptable to remote, natural stream sites. Because of built-in redundancy, these systems were able to perform even with a loss of one or more antennas owing to dislodgement or electrical failure. However, the reduction in redundancy resulted in decreased efficiency and precision and the potential loss of ability to determine the direction of fish movement. What we learned about these systems should be applicable to a wide variety of other antenna configurations and to other types of PIT tags and transceivers. C1 [Connolly, Patrick J.; Jezorek, Ian G.; Martens, Kyle D.] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, US Geol Survey, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Prentice, Earl F.] Manchester Res Field Stn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Connolly, PJ (reprint author), Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, US Geol Survey, 5501A Cook-Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM pconnolly@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 402 EP 417 DI 10.1577/M07-008.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 293BR UT WOS:000255310300007 ER PT J AU Vandergoot, CS Bur, MT Powell, KA AF Vandergoot, Christopher S. Bur, Michael T. Powell, Kipp A. TI Lake Erie yellow perch age estimation based on three structures: Precision, processing times, and management implications SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HARVEST; SCALES AB Yellow perch Perca flavescens support economically important recreational and commercial fisheries in Lake Erie and are intensively managed. Age estimation represents an integral component in the management of Lake Erie yellow perch stocks, as age-structured population models are used to set safe harvest levels on an annual basis. We compared the precision associated with yellow perch (N = 25 1) age estimates from scales, sagittal otoliths, and anal spine sections and evaluated the time required to process and estimate age from each structure. Three readers of varying experience estimated ages. The precision (mean coefficient of variation) of estimates among readers was 1% for sagittal otoliths, 5-6% for anal spines, and 11-13% for scales. Agreement rates among readers were 94-95% for otoliths, 71-76% for anal spines, and 45-50% for scales. Systematic age estimation differences were evident among scale and anal spine readers; less-experienced readers tended to underestimate ages of yellow perch older than age 4 relative to estimates made by an experienced reader. Mean scale age tended to underestimate ages of age-6 and older fish relative to otolith ages estimated by an experienced reader. Total annual mortality estimates based on scale ages were 20% higher than those based on otolith ages; mortality estimates based on anal spine ages were 4% higher than those based on otolith ages. Otoliths required more removal and preparation time than scales and anal spines, but age estimation time was substantially lower for otoliths than for the other two structures. We suggest the use of otoliths or anal spines for age estimation in yellow perch (regardless of length) from Lake Erie and other systems where precise age estimates are necessary, because age estimation errors resulting from the use of scales could generate incorrect management decisions. C1 [Vandergoot, Christopher S.] Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, Div Wildlife, Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Bur, Michael T.; Powell, Kipp A.] Lake Erie Biol Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Vandergoot, CS (reprint author), Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, Div Wildlife, Ohio Dept Nat Resources, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM christopher.vandergoot@dnr.state.oh.us NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 563 EP 571 DI 10.1577/M07-064.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 293BR UT WOS:000255310300023 ER PT J AU Welsh, A Hill, T Quinlan, H Robinson, C May, B AF Welsh, Amy Hill, Tracy Quinlan, Henry Robinson, Charmaine May, Bernie TI Genetic assessment of lake sturgeon population structure in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DNA CONTROL REGION; ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; STOCK STRUCTURE; GREEN STURGEON; GULF STURGEON AB Many populations of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens have decreased in size throughout the Great Lakes basin. To implement management strategies such as stocking, it is important to understand the genetic structure of lake sturgeon spawning populations. Lake sturgeon from 27 spawning locations (25 from the Great Lakes basin and 2 from the Hudson Bay drainage) were analyzed using 12 microsatellite loci. Population structure was detected at different spatial scales. At the largest scale, consistent genetic breaks were observed among three clusters of spawning populations: (1) Hudson Bay-northern Lake Superior, (2) southern Lake Superior, and (3) the rest of the Great Lakes. These clusters were identified using a Bayesian approach that does not define the populations a priori. Within each of the three clusters, sublevels of genetic structure were detected. These sublevel clusters accounted for 8.82% of the genetic variation (P < 0.000), while differences among populations within the clusters accounted for 3.72% of the genetic variation (P < 0.000). At the smallest scale, significant genetic differentiation was detected between most sampled locations through pairwise genetic differentiation index (F-ST) tests and pairwise contingency tests. Lake sturgeon showed greater genetic differentiation in Lake Superior than elsewhere, which could be due to the lake's bathymetry. The lower genetic resolution observed elsewhere in the Great Lakes could be due to more recent colonization events. The results can be used to delineate management units and to select appropriate donor populations for supplementation or reintroductions. C1 [Welsh, Amy; Robinson, Charmaine; May, Bernie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hill, Tracy] Alpena Nat Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Quinlan, Henry] Alpena Nat Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Welsh, A (reprint author), SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Sci Biol, 7060 State Route 104, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM awelsh1@oswego.edu NR 78 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 572 EP 591 DI 10.1577/M06-184.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 293BR UT WOS:000255310300024 ER PT J AU Cruz, JB Kremer, SR Martin, G Williams, LL Camacho, VA AF Cruz, Justine B. Kremer, Shelly R. Martin, Gayle Williams, Laura L. Camacho, Vicente A. TI Relative abundance and distribution of Mariana Swiftlets (Aves : Apodidae) in the Northern Mariana Islands SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BROWN TREE SNAKE; EXTINCTION; AVIFAUNA AB The endangered Mariana Swiftlet, Aerodramus bartshi (Mearns, 1909), occurs in its native habitat on only three islands worldwide-Guam, Saipan, and Aguiguan. It is locally extinct on the islands of Rota and Tinian, and numbers have declined on Guam. On Saipan and Aguiguan, the bird remains common. We present previously unpublished data from reports lodged with the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife combined with an analysis of arrival count data from surveys conducted regularly on Saipan (1985-2005) and opportunistically on Aguiguan (19852002). Direct counts of swiftlets arriving at nesting caves did not permit islandwide population estimates but provided an index useful for assessing relative abundance. On Aguiguan, swiftlets occurred in only a few of the available caves; the population was small, more densely concentrated than on the other islands, and relatively stable. On Saipan, swiftlet numbers declined for the first part of the monitoring period (1985-1992), then increased significantly (1998-2005), and now stand at their highest level (>5,000 birds) since 1985. Large between-year fluctuations, high variation in colony attendance patterns, and occasional abandonment and recolonization of some caves were evident during the 20-yr monitoring period. Of the potential constraints to the population, pesticide use, typhoons and supertyphoons, habitat alteration by feral animals, human disturbance in the nesting caves, and predation remain areas of concern. Conservation measures may have lessened some disturbance events and nest damage by cockroaches, while other measures, such as translocation, may improve the species' chances of persistence. C1 [Cruz, Justine B.; Kremer, Shelly R.; Martin, Gayle; Williams, Laura L.; Camacho, Vicente A.] Dept Lands & Nat Resources, Div Fish & Wildlife, Saipan 96950, MP, India. RP Kremer, SR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Off, Box 50088,300 Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM Shelly-Kremer@fws.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 2 BP 233 EP 246 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[233:RAADOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 287VL UT WOS:000254944500006 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Casas, SM Villalba, A La Peyre, JF AF La Peyre, M. K. Casas, S. M. Villalba, A. La Peyre, J. F. TI Determination of the effects of temperature on viability, metabolic activity and proliferation of two Perkinsus species, and its significance to understanding seasonal cycles of perkinsosis SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature; Perkinsus marinus; Perkinsus olseni; viability; metabolic activity; size; proliferation; protistan parasites; marine molluscs ID CLAM TAPES-DECUSSATUS; IN-VITRO CULTURE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; GALICIA NW SPAIN; RUDITAPES-PHILIPPINARUM; MARINUS APICOMPLEXA; EASTERN OYSTER; MANILA CLAMS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY AB The range of water temperatures in which Perkinsus species can survive and proliferate remains ill-defined, particularly at lower temperatures. The in vitro viability, metabolic activity, and proliferation of 3 isolates each of P. marinus and P. olseni trophozoites at 28 degrees C, and at 15 and 4 degrees C, after transfer from 28 degrees C, were compared. Both species showed declines in metabolic activity and proliferation from 28 degrees C to 15 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, both species had viability after 30 days incubation time (P. marinas 49%, P. olseni 58%), but limited metabolic activity and no proliferation. Perkinsus marinus viability was further compared when transferred directly from 28 degrees C, 18 degrees C and progressively from 18 degrees C (0-5 degrees C/day) to 2, 4 and 6 degrees C and maintained for up to 4 months. Viability was highest under progressive transfer (77% and 54% after 30 and 60 days exposure to test temperatures). The decrease in P. marinus viability at the lower temperatures in vitro only partially explains decreasing parasite infection intensities in eastern oysters in the colder months of the year. Moreover, the significant decrease in parasite infection intensities in late winter and early spring, as temperatures increase, is likely due to an active process of elimination by oyster host defences. C1 [La Peyre, M. K.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources,US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Casas, S. M.; La Peyre, J. F.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Cooperat Aquat Anim Hlth Res Program, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Villalba, A.] Conseeria Pesca & Asuntos Maritimos, Ctr Invest Marinas, E-36620 Vilanova De Arouso, Spain. RP La Peyre, JF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Cooperat Aquat Anim Hlth Res Program, Ctr Agr, 111 Dalrymple Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jlapeyre@agctr.lsu.edu RI Villalba, Antonio /E-3621-2013 OI Villalba, Antonio /0000-0001-8049-0502 NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD APR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 4 BP 505 EP 519 DI 10.1017/S0031182008004150 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 297MB UT WOS:000255619700010 PM 18248687 ER PT J AU Xian, G Crane, M McMahon, C AF Xian, George Crane, Mike McMahon, Cory TI Quantifying multi-temporal urban development characteristics in Las Vegas from landsat and ASTER data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; IMAGERY; GROWTH AB Urban development has expanded rapidly in Las Vegas, Nevada of the United States, over the last fifty years. A major environmental change associated with this urbanization trend is the transformation of the landscape from natural cover types to increasingly anthropogenic impervious surface. This research utilizes remote sensing data from both the Landsat and Terra-Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instruments in conjunction with digital orthophotography to estimate urban extent and its temporal changes by determining sub-pixel impervious surfaces. Percent impervious surface area has shown encouraging agreement with urban land extent and development density. Results indicate that total urban land-use increases approximately 110 percent from 1984 to 2002. Most of the increases are associated with medium-to high-density urban development. Places having significant increases in impervious surfaces are in the northwestern and southeastern parts of Las Vegas. Most high-density urban development, however, appears in central Las Vegas. Impervious surface conditions for 2002 measured from Landsat and ASTER satellite data are compared in terms of their accuracy. C1 [Xian, George] US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Crane, Mike] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [McMahon, Cory] Converse Cty, Planning Dept, Douglas, WY 82633 USA. RP Xian, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SAIC, Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM xian@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 4 BP 473 EP 481 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 283PA UT WOS:000254647300010 ER PT J AU Flint, PL Mallek, EJ King, RJ Schmutz, JA Bollinger, KS Derksen, DV AF Flint, Paul L. Mallek, Edward J. King, Rodney J. Schmutz, Joel A. Bollinger, Karen S. Derksen, Dirk V. TI Changes in abundance and spatial distribution of geese molting near Teshekpuk Lake, Alaska: interspecific competition or ecological change? SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; black brant; Canada geese; greater white-fronted geese; habitat change; interspecific competition; molting; snow geese; Teshekpuk lake ID BRANT BRANTA-BERNICLA; BLACK BRANT; COASTAL-PLAIN; ARCTIC LAKES; POPULATION; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; EROSION AB Goose populations molting in the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area of the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska have changed in size and distribution over the past 30 years. Black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) are relatively stable in numbers but are shifting from large, inland lakes to salt marshes. Concurrently, Populations of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) have increased seven fold. Populations of Canada geese (Branta canadensis and/or B. hutchinsii) are stable with little indication of distributional shifts. The lesser snow goose (Anser caeruleseens caerulescens) population is proportionally small, but increasing rapidly. Coastline erosion, of the Beaufort Sea has altered tundra habitats by allowing saltwater intrusion, which has resulted in shifts in composition of forage plant species. We propose two alternative hypotheses for the observed shift in black brant distribution. Ecological change may have altered optimal foraging habitats for molting birds, or alternatively, interspecific competition between black brant and greater white-fronted geese may be excluding black brant from preferred habitats. Regardless of the causative mechanism, the observed shifts in species distributions are an important consideration for future resource planning. C1 [Flint, Paul L.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Derksen, Dirk V.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Mallek, Edward J.; King, Rodney J.; Bollinger, Karen S.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM paul_flint@usgs.gov OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 549 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s00300-007-0386-8 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281HG UT WOS:000254486900003 ER PT J AU Shearn-Bochsler, V Green, DE Converse, KA Docherty, DE Thiel, T Geisz, HN Fraser, WR Patterson-Fraser, DL AF Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie Green, D. Earl Converse, Kathryn A. Docherty, Douglas E. Thiel, Teresa Geisz, Heidi N. Fraser, William R. Patterson-Fraser, Donna L. TI Cutaneous and diphtheritic avian poxvirus infection in a nestling Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) from Antarctica SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian poxvirus; Antarctica; Southern Giant Petrel; macronectes giganteus; pelagic seabird; infectious disease ID CANARY-ISLANDS; POX; BIRDS AB The Southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) is declining over much of its range and currently is listed as vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Island-specific breeding colonies near Palmer Station, Antarctica, have been monitored for over 30 years, and because this population continues to increase, it is critically important to conservation. In austral summer 2004, six diseased giant petrel chicks were observed in four of these colonies. Diseased chicks were 6-9 weeks old and had multiple proliferative nodules on their bills and skin. One severely affected chick was found dead on the nest and was salvaged for necropsy. Histopathological examination of nodules from the dead chick revealed epithelial cell. hyperplasia and hypertrophy with numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Bollinger bodies). A poxvirus was isolated from multiple nodules. Poxviral infection has not been reported in this species, and the reason for its emergence and its potential impact on the population are not yet known. C1 [Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie; Green, D. Earl; Converse, Kathryn A.; Docherty, Douglas E.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Thiel, Teresa] Univ Missouri, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Geisz, Heidi N.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Fraser, William R.; Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.] Polar Oceans Res Grp, Sheridan, MT 59749 USA. RP Shearn-Bochsler, V (reprint author), USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM vbochsler@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 569 EP 573 DI 10.1007/s00300-007-0390-z PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281HG UT WOS:000254486900006 ER PT J AU Lee, CTA Morton, DM Little, MG Kistler, R Horodyskyj, UN Leeman, WP Agranier, A AF Lee, Cin-Ty Aeolus Morton, Douglas M. Little, Mark G. Kistler, Ronald Horodyskyj, Ulyana N. Leeman, William P. Agranier, Arnaud TI Regulating continent growth and composition by chemical weathering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE geochemistry; igneous; lithium; continent; crust ID LITHIUM ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; OCEANIC-CRUST; MANTLE; EVOLUTION; DIFFERENTIATION; SYSTEMATICS; MINERALS; GRANITES; PLANTS; MODEL AB Continents ride high above the ocean floor because they are underlain by thick, low-density, Si-rich, and Mg-poor crust. However, the parental magmas of continents were basaltic, which means they must have lost Mg relative to Si during their maturation into continents. igneous differentiation followed by lower crustal delamination and chemical weathering followed by subduction recycling are possible solutions, but the relative magnitudes of each process have never been quantitatively constrained because of the lack of appropriate data. Here, we show that the relative contributions of these processes can be obtained by simultaneous examination of Mg and Li (an analog for Mg) on the regional and global scales in arcs, delaminated lower crust, and river waters. At least 20% of Mg is lost from continents by weathering, which translates into >20% of continental mass lost by weathering (40% by delamination). Chemical weathering leaves behind a more Si-rich and Mg-poor crust, which is less dense and hence decreases the probability of crustal recycling by subduction. Net continental growth is thus modulated by chemical weathering and likely influenced by secular changes in weathering mechanisms. C1 [Lee, Cin-Ty Aeolus; Little, Mark G.; Horodyskyj, Ulyana N.; Agranier, Arnaud] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Morton, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Kistler, Ronald] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Horodyskyj, Ulyana N.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Leeman, William P.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Earth Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Agranier, Arnaud] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6538, Inst Univ Europeen La Mer, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Lee, CTA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, MS-126,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM ctlee@rice.edu RI Lee, Cin-Ty/A-5469-2008; Agranier, Arnaud/H-4692-2013 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 13 BP 4981 EP 4986 DI 10.1073/pna5.0711143105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 284RO UT WOS:000254723700006 PM 18362343 ER PT J AU Kellogg, LH Bawden, GW Bernardin, T Billen, M Cowgill, E Hamann, B Jadamec, M Kreylos, O Staadt, O Sumner, D AF Kellogg, Louise H. Bawden, Gerald W. Bernardin, Tony Billen, Magali Cowgill, Eric Hamann, Bernd Jadamec, Margarete Kreylos, Oliver Staadt, Oliver Sumner, Dawn TI Interactive visualization to advance earthquake simulation SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE interactive visualization; virtual reality; earthquake simulation; active tectonics; virtual mapping ID SUBDUCTION ZONE; MANTLE; PLATE; ALASKA; SEISMICITY; CONVECTION; VISCOSITY; BENEATH; MODELS; FLOW AB The geological sciences are challenged to manage and interpret increasing volumes of data as observations and simulations increase in size and complexity. For example, simulations of earthquake-related processes typically generate complex, time-varying data sets in two or more dimensions. To facilitate interpretation and analysis of these data sets, evaluate the underlying models, and to drive future calculations, we have developed methods of interactive visualization with a special focus on using immersive virtual reality (VR) environments to interact with models of Earth's surface and interior. Virtual mapping tools allow virtual "field studies" in inaccessible regions. Interactive tools allow us to manipulate shapes in order to construct models of geological features for geodynamic models, while feature extraction tools support quantitative measurement of structures that emerge from numerical simulation or field observations, thereby enabling us to improve our interpretation of the dynamical processes that drive earthquakes. VR has traditionally been used primarily as a presentation tool, albeit with active navigation through data. Reaping the full intellectual benefits of immersive VR as a tool for scientific analysis requires building on the method's strengths, that is, using both 3D perception and interaction with observed or simulated data. This approach also takes advantage of the specialized skills of geological scientists who are trained to interpret, the often limited, geological and geophysical data available from field observations. C1 [Kellogg, Louise H.; Billen, Magali; Cowgill, Eric; Jadamec, Margarete; Sumner, Dawn] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kellogg, Louise H.; Bernardin, Tony; Billen, Magali; Cowgill, Eric; Hamann, Bernd; Jadamec, Margarete; Kreylos, Oliver; Staadt, Oliver; Sumner, Dawn] Univ Calif Davis, WM Keck Ctr Act Visualtizat Earth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bawden, Gerald W.] US Geol Survey, USGS Western Remote Sensing & Visualizat Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Bernardin, Tony; Hamann, Bernd; Kreylos, Oliver; Staadt, Oliver] Univ Calif Davis, IDAV, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kellogg, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kellogg@geology.ucdavis.edu RI Kellogg, Louise/J-2171-2012; Billen, Magali/E-7381-2013; OI Kellogg, Louise/0000-0001-5874-0472; Staadt, Oliver/0000-0002-3074-943X NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 621 EP 633 DI 10.1007/s00024-008-0317-9 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 301AA UT WOS:000255867100010 ER PT J AU Nelson, AR Sawai, Y Jennings, AE Bradley, LA Gerson, L Sherrod, BL Sabean, J Horton, BP AF Nelson, Alan R. Sawai, Yuki Jennings, Anne E. Bradley, Lee-Ann Gerson, Linda Sherrod, Brian L. Sabean, Jennifer Horton, Benjamin P. TI Great-earthquake paleogeodesy and tsunamis of the past 2000 years at Alsea Bay, central Oregon coast, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; SALT-MARSH FORAMINIFERA; LATE HOLOCENE EARTHQUAKE; TIDAL-MARSH; COSEISMIC SUBSIDENCE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; SOUTHERN OREGON; VASCULAR PLANTS AB The width of plate-boundary fault rupture at the Cascadia subduction zone, a dimension related to earthquake magnitude, remains uncertain because of the lack of quantitative information about land-level movements during past great-earthquake deformation cycles. Beneath a marsh at Alsea Bay, on the central Oregon coast, four sheets of tsunami-deposited sand blanket contacts between tidal mud and peat. Radiocarbon ages for the sheets match ages for similar evidence of regional coseismic subsidence and tsunamis during four of Cascadia's great earthquakes. Barring rapid, unrecorded postseismic uplift, reconstruction of changes in land level from core samples using diatom and foraminiferal transfer functions includes modest coseismic subsidence (0.4 +/- 0.2m) during the four earthquakes. Interpretation is complicated, however, by the 30-38% of potentially unreliable transfer function values from samples with poor analogs in modern diatom and foraminiferal assemblages. Reconstructions of coseismic subsidence using good-analog samples range from 0.46 +/- 0.12 to 0.09 +/- 0.20m showing greater variability than implied by sample-specific errors. From apparent high rates of land uplift following subsidence and tsunamis, we infer that postseismic rebound caused by slip on deep parts of the plate boundary and (or) viscoelastic stress relaxation in the upper plate may be almost as large as coseismic subsidence. Modest coseismic subsidence 100km landward of the deformation front implies that plate-boundary ruptures in central Oregon were largely offshore. Ruptures may have been long and narrow during earthquakes near magnitude 9, as suggested for the AD 1700 earthquake, or of smaller and more variable dimensions and magnitudes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nelson, Alan R.; Bradley, Lee-Ann] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sawai, Yuki] Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Act Fault Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Jennings, Anne E.; Gerson, Linda] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sherrod, Brian L.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sabean, Jennifer] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Horton, Benjamin P.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Nelson, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, MS 966,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM anelson@usgs.gov RI Sawai, Yuki /D-3216-2013 OI Sawai, Yuki /0000-0001-7015-4361 NR 118 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 7-8 BP 747 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.01.001 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 311KB UT WOS:000256598000008 ER PT J AU Licciardi, JM Pierce, KL AF Licciardi, Joseph M. Pierce, Kenneth L. TI Cosmogenic exposure-age chronologies of Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations in greater Yellowstone and the Teton Range, USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID POST-CRETACEOUS HISTORY; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CENTRAL ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; HE-3 PRODUCTION-RATES; PAST 21,000 YEARS; YOUNGER-DRYAS; UINTA MOUNTAINS; LAST GLACIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRONT RANGE AB We have obtained 69 new cosmogenic Be-10 surface exposure ages from boulders on moraines deposited by glaciers of the greater Yellowstone glacial system and Teton Range during the middle and late Pleistocene. These new data, combined with 43 previously obtained He-3 and Be-10 ages from deposits of the northern Yellowstone outlet glacier, establish a high-resolution chronology for the Yellowstone-Teton mountain glacier complexes. Boulders deposited at the southern limit of the penultimate ice advance of the Yellowstone glacial system yield a mean age of 136 +/- 13 Be-10 ka and oldest ages of similar to 151-157 Be-10 ka. These ages support a correlation with the Bull Lake of West Yellowstone, with the type Bull Lake of the Wind River Range, and with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. End moraines marking the maximum Pinedale positions of outlet glaciers around the periphery of the Yellowstone glacial system range in age from 18.8 +/- 0.9 to 16.5 +/- 1.4 Be-10 ka, and possibly as young as 14.6 +/- 0.7 Be-10 ka, suggesting differences in response times of the various ice-cap source regions. Moreover, all dated Pinedale terminal moraines in the greater Yellowstone glacial system post-date the Pinedale maximum in the Wind River Range by similar to 4-6 kyr, indicating a significant phase relationship between glacial maxima in these adjacent ranges. Boulders on the outermost set and an inner set of Pinedale end moraines enclosing Jenny Lake on the eastern Teton front yield mean ages of 14.6 +/- 0.7 and 13.5 +/- 1.1 Be-10 ka, respectively. The outer Jenny Lake moraines are partially buried by outwash from ice on the Yellowstone Plateau, hence their age indicates a major standstill of an expanded valley glacier in the Teton Range prior to the Younger Dryas, followed closely by deglaciation of the Yellowstone Plateau. These new glacial chronologies are indicative of spatially variable regional climate forcing and temporally complex patterns of glacier responses in this region of the Rocky Mountains during the Pleistocene. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Licciardi, Joseph M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Pierce, Kenneth L.] Montana State Univ, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Licciardi, JM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM joe.licciardi@unh.edu NR 79 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 7-8 BP 814 EP 831 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.12.005 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 311KB UT WOS:000256598000012 ER PT J AU Kurath, G AF Kurath, G. TI Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Review DE aquaculture vaccine; DNA vaccine; fish disease; fish immune response; marine biotechnology; vaccine efficacy ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CHANNEL CATFISH HERPESVIRUS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RELATED GENES; RAINBOW-TROUT; JAPANESE FLOUNDER AB Biotechnology has been used extensively in the development of vaccines for aquaculture. Modern molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning and microarray analysis have facilitated antigen discovery, construction of novel candidate vaccines, and assessments of vaccine efficacy, mode of action, and host response. This review focuses on DNA vaccines for finfish to illustrate biotechnology applications in this field. Although DNA vaccines for fish rhabdoviruses continue to show the highest efficacy, DNA vaccines for several other viral and bacterial fish pathogens have now been proven to provide significant protection against pathogen challenge. Studies of the fish rhabdovirus DNA vaccines have elucidated factors that affect DNA vaccine efficacy as well as the nature of the fish innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccines. As tools for managing aquatic animal disease emergencies, DNA vaccines have advantages in speed, flexibility, and safety, and one fish DNA vaccine has been licensed. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 118 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 175 EP 196 PG 22 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 305NG UT WOS:000256184500015 PM 18666487 ER PT J AU Giri, C Muhlhausen, J AF Giri, Chandra Muhlhausen, Joseph TI Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics in Madagascar (1975-2005) SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE mangrove; Madagascar; change analysis; landsat; aster AB Mangrove forests of Madagascar are declining, albeit at a much slower rate than the global average. The forests are declining due to conversion to other land uses and forest degradation. However, accurate and reliable information on their present distribution and their rates, causes, and consequences of change have not been available. Earlier studies used remotely sensed data to map and, in some cases, to monitor mangrove forests at a local scale. Nonetheless, a comprehensive national assessment and synthesis was lacking. We interpreted time-series satellite data of 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2005 using a hybrid supervised and unsupervised classification approach. Landsat data were geometrically corrected to an accuracy of +/- one-half pixel, an accuracy necessary for change analysis. We used a postclassification change detection approach. Our results showed that Madagascar lost 7% of mangrove forests from 1975 to 2005, to a present extent of similar to 2,797 km(2). Deforestation rates and causes varied both spatially and temporally. The forests increased by 5.6% ( 212 km(2)) from 1975 to 1990, decreased by 14.3% ( 455 km(2)) from 1990 to 2000, and decreased by 2.6% ( 73 km(2)) from 2000 to 2005. Similarly, major changes occurred in Bombekota Bay, Mahajamba Bay, the coast of Ambanja, the Tsiribihina River, and Cap St Vincent. The main factors responsible for mangrove deforestation include conversion to agriculture ( 35%), logging ( 16%), conversion to aquaculture ( 3%), and urban development ( 1%). C1 [Giri, Chandra] USGS EROS Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Muhlhausen, Joseph] USGS EROS, UNEP GRID, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Giri, C (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM cgiri@usgs.gov; jmuhlhausen@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 17 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD APR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 2104 EP 2117 DI 10.3390/s8042104 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 312AV UT WOS:000256642400003 PM 27879812 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Huete, AR Nagler, PL Nelson, SG AF Glenn, Edward P. Huete, Alfredo R. Nagler, Pamela L. Nelson, Stephen G. TI Relationship between remotely-sensed vegetation indices, canopy attributes and plant physiological processes: What vegetation indices can and cannot tell us about the landscape SO SENSORS LA English DT Review DE remote sensing; NDVI; EVI; evapotranspiration; primary production ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; EDDY-COVARIANCE; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; WATER-VAPOR; FLUX TOWERS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Vegetation indices ( VIs) are among the oldest tools in remote sensing studies. Although many variations exist, most of them ratio the reflection of light in the red and NIR sections of the spectrum to separate the landscape into water, soil, and vegetation. Theoretical analyses and field studies have shown that VIs are near-linearly related to photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by a plant canopy, and therefore to light-dependent physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, occurring in the upper canopy. Practical studies have used time-series VIs to measure primary production and evapotranspiration, but these are limited in accuracy to that of the data used in ground truthing or calibrating the models used. VIs are also used to estimate a wide variety of other canopy attributes that are used in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer ( SVAT), Surface Energy Balance ( SEB), and Global Climate Models ( GCM). These attributes include fractional vegetation cover, leaf area index, roughness lengths for turbulent transfer, emissivity and albedo. However, VIs often exhibit only moderate, non-linear relationships to these canopy attributes, compromising the accuracy of the models. We use case studies to illustrate the use and misuse of VIs, and argue for using VIs most simply as a measurement of canopy light absorption rather than as a surrogate for detailed features of canopy architecture. Used this way, VIs are compatible with "Big Leaf" SVAT and GCMs that assume that canopy carbon and moisture fluxes have the same relative response to the environment as any single leaf, simplifying the task of modeling complex landscapes. C1 [Glenn, Edward P.; Nelson, Stephen G.] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Huete, Alfredo R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Terr Biophys & Remote Sensing Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu; ahuete@ag.arizona.edu; pnagler@usgs.gov; nsteve@ag.arizona.edu RI Mitchard, Edward/C-6346-2009; Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 NR 83 TC 190 Z9 195 U1 16 U2 109 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD APR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 2136 EP 2160 DI 10.3390/s8042136 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 312AV UT WOS:000256642400005 PM 27879814 ER PT J AU Nicholls, RJ Wong, PP Burkett, V Woodroffe, CD Hay, J AF Nicholls, Robert J. Wong, Poh Poh Burkett, Virginia Woodroffe, Colin D. Hay, John TI Climate change and coastal vulnerability assessment: scenarios for integrated assessment SO SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Coasts; Impacts; Adaptation; Scenario; Storyline ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SOCIOECONOMIC SCENARIOS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; IMPACTS; SUBSIDENCE; FUTURE; 21ST-CENTURY; MANAGEMENT; BENEFITS; RETREAT AB Coastal vulnerability assessments still focus mainly on sea-level rise, with less attention paid to other dimensions of climate change. The influence of non-climatic environmental change or socio-economic change is even less considered, and is often completely ignored. Given that the profound coastal changes of the twentieth century are likely to continue through the twenty-first century, this is a major omission, which may overstate the importance of climate change, and may also miss significant interactions of climate change with other non-climate drivers. To better support climate and coastal management policy development, more integrated assessments of climatic change in coastal areas are required, including the significant non-climatic changes. This paper explores the development of relevant climate and non-climate drivers, with an emphasis on the non-climate drivers. While these issues are applicable within any scenario framework, our ideas are illustrated using the widely used SRES scenarios, with both impacts and adaptation being considered. Importantly, scenario development is a process, and the assumptions that are made about future conditions concerning the coast need to be explicit, transparent and open to scientific debate concerning their realism and likelihood. These issues are generic across other sectors. C1 [Nicholls, Robert J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Civil Engn & Environm & Tyndall, Ctr Climate Change Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Wong, Poh Poh] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Burkett, Virginia] US Geol Survey, Many, LA USA. [Woodroffe, Colin D.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Hay, John] Ibaraki Univ, Inst Global Change Adaptat Sci ICAS, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Nicholls, RJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Civil Engn & Environm & Tyndall, Ctr Climate Change Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM r.j.nicholls@soton.ac.uk RI Woodroffe, Colin/F-2767-2012; Nicholls, Robert/G-3898-2010; Woodroffe, Colin/K-5222-2015 OI Nicholls, Robert/0000-0002-9715-1109; Woodroffe, Colin/0000-0003-4476-6158 NR 104 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 44 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1862-4065 EI 1862-4057 J9 SUSTAIN SCI JI Sustain. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s11625-008-0050-4 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 417UM UT WOS:000264104000008 ER PT J AU Loveland, TR Cochrane, MA Henebry, GM AF Loveland, Thomas R. Cochrane, Mark A. Henebry, Geoffrey M. TI Landsat still contributing to environmental research - Response SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter AB Landsat data have enabled continuous global monitoring of both human-caused. and other land cover disturbances since 1972. Recently degraded performance and intermittent service of the Landsat 7 and Landsat 5 sensors, respectively, have raised concerns about the condition of global Earth observation programs. However, Landsat imagery is still useful for landscape change detection and this capability should continue into the foreseeable future. C1 [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Survey Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Cochrane, Mark A.; Henebry, Geoffrey M.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Loveland, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Survey Ctr Earth Resources Observ & Sci, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM loveland@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 182 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2008.01.002 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 292ML UT WOS:000255270200003 PM 18295369 ER PT J AU Gaikowski, MP Larson, WJ Gingerich, WH AF Gaikowski, Mark P. Larson, Wendi J. Gingerich, William H. TI Survival of cool and wann freshwater fish following chloramine-T exposure SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE bacterial gill disease; chloramine-T; fish; halamid; therapeutant; toxicity ID EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMALS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TOLUENESULFONAMIDE; RECOMMENDATIONS; EUTHANASIA; TOXICITY AB Chloramine-T is presently available in the USA to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris only through an Investigational New Animal Drug Permit authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its US approval hinges on FDA's acceptance of several key data, including those describing animal safety. Chloramine-T is presently applied in US aquaculture, by permit only, once daily on consecutive or alternate days for 1h at 10 to 20 mg/L to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris. Our objective was to determine the safety of chloramine-T bath exposures at multiples of the proposed maximum treatment concentration (i.e., 0, 20, 60, 100, and 200 mg/L) administered on four consecutive days at 20 degrees C to lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, northern pike Esox lucius, and walleye Sander vitreum, or at 27 degrees C to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. All fish were tested as five to eight week old fry except for walleye and channel catfish which were tested as both fry and fingerling (fingerlings were at least four weeks older than the fry tested). Walleye and channel catfish were selected to evaluate the effects of life stage (fry vs. fingerling), temperature (walleye - 15, 20, or 25 degrees C; channel catfish - 22, 27, or 32 degrees C), exposure duration (60 vs. 180 min), and water chemistry (walleye only - reconstituted soft water vs. well water). Except for channel catfish fry, survival was significantly reduced only when fish were treated at 100 or 200 mg/L. Channel catfish fry survival was significantly reduced when exposed at 60 mg/L for 180 min at 27 degrees C. Based on our mortality data, chloramine-T administered once daily for 60 min on four consecutive days at concentrations of up to 20 mg/L is not likely to adversely affect survival of cool or warmwater fish cultured in freshwater. Crown Copyright (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaikowski, Mark P.; Larson, Wendi J.; Gingerich, William H.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Gaikowski, MP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM mgaikowski@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 31 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1-4 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.017 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 291SW UT WOS:000255218100003 ER PT J AU Goff, JA Jenkins, CJ Williams, SJ AF Goff, John A. Jenkins, Chris J. Williams, S. Jeffress TI Seabed mapping and characterization of sediment variability using the usSEABED data base SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE grain size; continental shelf; database; semivariogram; statistical analysis; kriging ID BACKSCATTER INTENSITY; SIDESCAN SONAR; GRAIN-SIZE; BEAM DATA; NEW-YORK; SHELF; STATISTICS; MORPHOLOGY; ROUGHNESS; INVERSION AB We present a methodology for statistical analysis of randomly located marine sediment point data, and apply it to the US continental shelf portions of usSEABED mean grain size records. The usSEABED database, like many modern, large environmental datasets, is heterogeneous and interdisciplinary. We statistically test the database as a source of mean grain size data, and from it provide a first examination of regional seafloor sediment variability across the entire US continental shelf. Data derived from laboratory analyses ("extracted") and from word-based descriptions ("parsed") are treated separately, and they are compared statistically and deterministically. Data records are selected for spatial analysis by their location within sample regions: polygonal areas defined in ArcGIS chosen by geography, water depth, and data sufficiency. We derive isotropic, binned semivariograms from the data, and invert these for estimates of noise variance, field variance, and decorrelation distance. The highly erratic nature of the semivariograms is a result both of the random locations of the data and of the high level of data uncertainty (noise). This decorrelates the data covariance matrix for the inversion, and largely prevents robust estimation of the fractal dimension. Our comparison of the extracted and parsed mean grain size data demonstrates important differences between the two. In particular, extracted measurements generally produce finer mean grain sizes, lower noise variance, and lower field variance than parsed values. Such relationships can be used to derive a regionally dependent conversion factor between the two. Our analysis of sample regions on the US continental shelf revealed considerable geographic variability in the estimated statistical parameters of field variance and decorrelation distance. Some regional relationships are evident, and overall there is a tendency for field variance to be higher where the average mean grain size is finer grained. Surprisingly, parsed and extracted noise magnitudes correlate with each other, which may indicate that some portion of the data variability that we identify as "noise" is caused by real grain size variability at very short scales. Our analyses demonstrate that by applying a bias-correction proxy, usSEABED data can be used to generate reliable interpolated maps of regional mean grain size and sediment character. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jenkins, Chris J.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Goff, John A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Goff, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM goff@utig.ig.utexas.edu; chris.jenkins@colorado.edu; jwilliams@usgs.gov RI Goff, John/B-9972-2008 OI Goff, John/0000-0001-9246-5048 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4-5 BP 614 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.11.011 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 291XV UT WOS:000255231600010 ER PT J AU Cardenas, MB Harvey, JW Packman, AI Scott, DT AF Cardenas, M. Bayani Harvey, Judson W. Packman, Aaron I. Scott, Durelle T. TI Ground-based thermography of fluvial systems at low and high discharge reveals potential complex thermal heterogeneity driven by flow variation and bioroughness SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the European-Geosciences-Union CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE thermography; temperature; river; periphyton; wood; sand ID WATER TEMPERATURE; STREAM PERIPHYTON; EMISSIVITY; SURFACE; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; RIVER; HEAT; GROWTH; FLUME AB Temperature is a primary physical and biogeochemical variable in aquatic systems. Field-based measurement of temperature at discrete sampling points has revealed temperature variability in fluvial systems, but traditional techniques do not readily allow for synoptic sampling schemes that can address temperature-related questions with broad, yet detailed, coverage. We present result of thermal infrared imaging at different stream discharge (base flow and peak flood) conditions using a handheld IR camera. Remotely sensed temperatures compare well with those measured with a digital thermometer. The thermal images show that periphyton. wood, and sandbars induce significant thermal heterogeneity during low stages. Moreover, the images indicate temperature variability within the periphyton community and within the partially submerged bars. The thermal heterogeneity was diminished during flood inundation, when the areas of more slowly moving water to the side of the stream differed in their temperature. The results have consequences for thermally sensitive hydroecological processes and implications for models of those processes, especially those that assume an effective stream temperature. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cardenas, M. Bayani] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Harvey, Judson W.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Packman, Aaron I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Scott, Durelle T.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Cardenas, MB (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM cardenas@mail.utexas.edu RI Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Cardenas, Meinhard Bayani/B-4940-2011; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Cardenas, Meinhard Bayani/0000-0001-6270-3105; Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 7 BP 980 EP 986 DI 10.1002/hyp.6932 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 285ZQ UT WOS:000254815100007 ER PT J AU Swain, ED James, DE AF Swain, Eric D. James, Dawn E. TI Inverse modeling of surface-water discharge to achieve restoration salinity performance measures in Florida Bay, Florida SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecologic restoration; numerical modeling; everglades; coastal hydrology; optimization ID MANAGEMENT; OPTIMIZATION; REMEDIATION; UNCERTAINTY; DESIGN; SIMULATION AB The use of numerical modeling to evaluate regional water-management practices involves the simulation of various alternative water-delivery scenarios, which typically are designed intuitively rather than analytically. These scenario simulations are used to analyze how specific water-management practices affect factors such as water levels, flows, and salinities. In lieu of testing a variety of scenario simulations in a trial-and-error manner, an optimization technique may be used to more precisely and directly define good water-management alternatives. A numerical model application in the coastal regions of Florida Bay and Everglades National Park (ENP), representing the surface- and ground-water hydrology for the region, is a good example of a toot used to evaluate restoration scenarios. The Southern Inland and Coastal System (SICS) model simulates this area with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic surface-water model and a three-dimensional ground-water model, linked to represent the interaction of the two systems with salinity transport. This coastal wetland environment is of great interest in restoration efforts, and the SICS model is used to analyze the effects of alternative water-management scenarios. The SICS model is run within an inverse modeling program called UCODE. In this application, UCODE adjusts the regulated inflows to ENP while SICS is run iteratively. MODE creates parameters that define inflow within an allowable range for the SICS model based on SICS model output statistics, with the objective of matching user-defined target salinities that meet ecosystem restoration criteria. Preliminary results obtained using two different parameterization methods illustrate the ability of the model to achieve the goats of adjusting the range and reducing the variance of salinity values in the target area. The salinity variance in the primary zone of interest was reduced from an original value of 0.509 psu(2) to values 0.418 psu(2) and 0.342 psu(2) using different methods. Simulations with one, two, and three target areas indicate that optimization is limited near model boundaries and the target location nearest the tidal boundary may not be improved. These experiments indicate that this method can be useful for designing water-delivery schemes to achieve certain water-quality objectives. Additionally, this approach avoids much of the intuitive type of experimentation with different flow schemes that has often been used to develop restoration scenarios. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Swain, Eric D.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. [James, Dawn E.] MWH Amer Inc, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33325 USA. RP Swain, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM edswain@usgs.gov; Dawn.E.James@us.mwhglobal.com NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 30 PY 2008 VL 351 IS 1-2 BP 188 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.017 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 275TS UT WOS:000254095100014 ER PT J AU O'Regan, M King, J Backman, J Jakobsson, M Palike, H Moran, K Heil, C Sakamoto, T Cronin, TM Jordan, RW AF O'Regan, Matthew King, John Backman, Jan Jakobsson, Martin Palike, Heiko Moran, Kathryn Heil, Clifford Sakamoto, Tatsuhiko Cronin, Thomas M. Jordan, Richard W. TI Constraints on the Pleistocene chronology of sediments from the Lomonosov Ridge SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ARCTIC-OCEAN; GEOMAGNETIC EXCURSIONS; MATUYAMA CHRON; ICE; SEA; EVENTS; BASIN; MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY; BRUNHES; CIRCULATION AB [1] Despite its importance in the global climate system, age-calibrated marine geologic records reflecting the evolution of glacial cycles through the Pleistocene are largely absent from the central Arctic Ocean. This is especially true for sediments older than 200 ka. Three sites cored during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program's Expedition 302, the Arctic Coring Expedition ( ACEX), provide a 27 m continuous sedimentary section from the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean. Two key biostratigraphic datums and constraints from the magnetic inclination data are used to anchor the chronology of these sediments back to the base of the Cobb Mountain subchron ( 1215 ka). Beyond 1215 ka, two best fitting geomagnetic models are used to investigate the nature of cyclostratigraphic change. Within this chronology we show that bulk and mineral magnetic properties of the sediments vary on predicted Milankovitch frequencies. These cyclic variations record "glacial'' and "interglacial'' modes of sediment deposition on the Lomonosov Ridge as evident in studies of ice-rafted debris and stable isotopic and faunal assemblages for the last two glacial cycles and were used to tune the age model. Potential errors, which largely arise from uncertainties in the nature of downhole paleomagnetic variability, and the choice of a tuning target are handled by defining an error envelope that is based on the best fitting cyclostratigraphic and geomagnetic solutions. C1 [O'Regan, Matthew; King, John; Moran, Kathryn; Heil, Clifford] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Backman, Jan; Jakobsson, Martin] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Jordan, Richard W.] Yamagata Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Yamagata 9908560, Japan. [Palike, Heiko] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Sakamoto, Tatsuhiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Res Earth Evolut, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP O'Regan, M (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM oregan@gso.uri.edu RI Palike, Heiko/A-6560-2008; O'Regan, Matt/B-2157-2010; Jakobsson, Martin/F-6214-2010; OI Palike, Heiko/0000-0003-3386-0923; O'Regan, Matt/0000-0002-6046-1488; Jakobsson, Martin/0000-0002-9033-3559 NR 55 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAR 29 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 AR PA1S19 DI 10.1029/2007PA001551 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 281YL UT WOS:000254534700002 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, WB Cunningham, KJ Kuniansky, EL Dixon, J AF Shoemaker, W. Barclay Cunningham, Kevin J. Kuniansky, Eve L. Dixon, Joann TI Effects of turbulence on hydraulic heads and parameter sensitivities in preferential groundwater flow layers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KARST AQUIFER; ART.; GENESIS; USA AB A conduit flow process (CFP) for the Modular Finite Difference Ground-Water Flow model, MODFLOW-2005, has been created by the U. S. Geological Survey. An application of the CFP on a carbonate aquifer in southern Florida is described; this application examines (1) the potential for turbulent groundwater flow and (2) the effects of turbulent flow on hydraulic heads and parameter sensitivities. Turbulent flow components were spatially extensive in preferential groundwater flow layers, with horizontal hydraulic conductivities of about 5,000,000 m d(-1), mean void diameters equal to about 3.5 cm, groundwater temperature equal to about 25 degrees C, and critical Reynolds numbers less than or equal to 400. Turbulence either increased or decreased simulated heads from their laminar elevations. Specifically, head differences from laminar elevations ranged from about -18 to +27 cm and were explained by the magnitude of net flow to the finite difference model cell. Turbulence also affected the sensitivities of model parameters. Specifically, the composite-scaled sensitivities of horizontal hydraulic conductivities decreased by as much as 70% when turbulence was essentially removed. These hydraulic head and sensitivity differences due to turbulent groundwater flow highlight potential errors in models based on the equivalent porous media assumption, which assumes laminar flow in uniformly distributed void spaces. C1 [Shoemaker, W. Barclay; Cunningham, Kevin J.; Dixon, Joann] US Geol Survey, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. [Kuniansky, Eve L.] US Geol Survey, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. RP Shoemaker, WB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. EM Bshoemak@usgs.gov OI Shoemaker, W. Barclay/0000-0002-7680-377X; Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686; Kuniansky, Eve/0000-0002-5581-0225 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 29 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 AR W03501 DI 10.1029/2007WR006601 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 281YT UT WOS:000254535500006 ER PT J AU O'Regan, M Moran, K Backman, J Jakobsson, M Sangiorgi, F Brinkhuis, H Pockalny, R Skelton, A Stickley, C Koc, N Brumsack, HJ Willard, D AF O'Regan, Matthew Moran, Kathryn Backman, Jan Jakobsson, Martin Sangiorgi, Francesca Brinkhuis, Henk Pockalny, Rob Skelton, Alasdair Stickley, Catherine Koc, Nalan Brumsack, Hans-Juergen Willard, Debra TI Mid-Cenozoic tectonic and paleoenvironmental setting of the central Arctic Ocean SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE LOMONOSOV RIDGE; BEAUFORT-MACKENZIE BASIN; NORTH-SEA BASIN; CONTINENTAL MARGINS; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; EURASIAN BASIN; RIFTED BASINS; BARENTS SEA; UPLIFT AB Drilling results from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program's Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) to the Lomonosov Ridge (LR) document a 26 million year hiatus that separates freshwater-influenced biosilica-rich deposits of the middle Eocene from fossil-poor glaciomarine silty clays of the early Miocene. Detailed micropaleontological and sedimentological data from sediments surrounding this mid-Cenozoic hiatus describe a shallow water setting for the LR, a finding that conflicts with predrilling seismic predictions and an initial postcruise assessment of its subsidence history that assumed smooth thermally controlled subsidence following rifting. A review of Cenozoic tectonic processes affecting the geodynamic evolution of the central Arctic Ocean highlights a prolonged phase of basin-wide compression that ended in the early Miocene. The coincidence in timing between the end of compression and the start of rapid early Miocene subsidence provides a compelling link between these observations and similarly accounts for the shallow water setting that persisted more than 30 million years after rifting ended. However, for much of the late Paleogene and early Neogene, tectonic reconstructions of the Arctic Ocean describe a landlocked basin, adding additional uncertainty to reconstructions of paleodepth estimates as the magnitude of regional sea level variations remains unknown. C1 [O'Regan, Matthew; Moran, Kathryn; Pockalny, Rob] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Moran, Kathryn] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Backman, Jan; Jakobsson, Martin; Skelton, Alasdair] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol & Geochem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sangiorgi, Francesca; Brinkhuis, Henk] Univ Utrecht, Lab Palaeobot & Polynol, Inst Environm Biol, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. [Stickley, Catherine; Koc, Nalan] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Koc, Nalan] Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, Tromso, Norway. [Brumsack, Hans-Juergen] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Meeres, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Willard, Debra] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP O'Regan, M (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM oregan@gso.uri.edu RI Brinkhuis, Henk/B-4223-2009; O'Regan, Matt/B-2157-2010; Jakobsson, Martin/F-6214-2010; Brumsack, Hans-Jurgen/O-7942-2016; OI Brumsack, Hans-Jurgen/0000-0002-5549-5018; O'Regan, Matt/0000-0002-6046-1488 NR 96 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAR 26 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 AR PA1S20 DI 10.1029/2007PA001559 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 281YJ UT WOS:000254534500002 ER PT J AU Meinertz, JR Greseth, SL Gaikowski, MP Schmidt, LJ AF Meinertz, Jeffery R. Greseth, Shari L. Gaikowski, Mark P. Schmidt, Larry J. TI Chronic toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to Daphnia magna in a continuous exposure, flow-through test system SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE hydrogen peroxide; 35% Perox-Aid (R); Daphnia survival; Daphnia growth; continuous exposure ID BACTERIAL GILL DISEASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; EFFICACY; SAPROLEGNIASIS; DECOMPOSITION; COLUMNARIS; CLADOCERA; WALLEYE; GROWTH; EGGS AB A flow-through, continuous exposure test system was developed to expose Daphnia magna to an unstable compound. 35% Perox-Aid(R) is a specially formulated hydrogen peroxide (a highly oxidative chemical) product approved for use in U.S. aquaculture and therefore has the potential to be released from aquaculture facilities and pose a risk to aquatic invertebrates. The study objective was to assess the effects of 35% Perox-Aid(R) on an aquatic invertebrate by evaluating the survival, growth, production, and gender ratio of progeny from a representative aquatic invertebrate continuously exposed to 35% Perox-Aid(R). The study design consisted of 6 treatment groups (10 test chambers each) with target hydrogen peroxide concentrations of 0.0, 0.32, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg L-1. The study was initiated with <24-h-old Daphnia (1 daphnid per chamber) that were exposed to hydrogen peroxide for 21 days. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations <1.25 mg L-1 had no significant effect on Daphnia time to death compared to controls and no significant effect on the time to first brood production and the number of broods produced. Concentrations <0.63 mg L-1 had no significant effect on the total number of young produced. Concentrations >0.32 mg L-1 had a negative effect on Daphnia growth. Hydrogen peroxide had no significant effect on the gender ratio of young produced. All second generation Daphnia were female. A continuous discharge of hydrogen peroxide into aquatic ecosystems is not likely to affect cladocerans if the concentration is maintained at <0.63 mg L-1 for less than 21 days. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Meinertz, Jeffery R.; Greseth, Shari L.; Gaikowski, Mark P.; Schmidt, Larry J.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Meinertz, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM jmeinertz@usgs.gov OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 25 PY 2008 VL 392 IS 2-3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.12.015 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 272BX UT WOS:000253833900006 PM 18206212 ER PT J AU Sundar, N Asmundsson, IM Thomas, NJ Samuel, MD Dubey, JP Rosenthal, BM AF Sundar, N. Asmundsson, I. M. Thomas, N. J. Samuel, M. D. Dubey, J. P. Rosenthal, B. M. TI Modest genetic differentiation among North American populations of Sarcocystis neurona may reflect expansion in its geographic range SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; sea otter (Enhydra lutris); raccoon (Procyon lotor); skunk (Mephitis mephitis); microsatellite; PCR ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; SKUNKS MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; AGGLUTINATING ANTIBODIES; INTERMEDIATE HOST; SEA OTTER; EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION; NEUROLOGIC-DISEASE AB Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of neurological disease in horses (equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, EPM) and sea otters in the United States. In addition, EPM-like disease has been diagnosed in several other land and marine mammals. Opossums are its only definitive hosts. Little genetic diversity among isolates of S. neurona from different hosts has been reported. Here, we used 11 microsatellites to characterize S. neurona DNA isolated from natural infections in 22 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from California and Washington and in 11 raccoons (Procyon lotor) and 1 striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) from Wisconsin. By jointly analyzing these 34 isolates with 26 isolates previously reported, we determined that geographic barriers may limit S. neurona dispersal and that only a limited subset of possible parasite genotypes may have been introduced to recently established opossum populations. Moreover, our study confirms that diverse intermediate hosts share a common infection source, the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sundar, N.; Asmundsson, I. M.; Dubey, J. P.; Rosenthal, B. M.] USDA ARS, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Thomas, N. J.] Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. [Samuel, M. D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 25 PY 2008 VL 152 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.017 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 268TE UT WOS:000253601500002 PM 18243561 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Smith, SA Eynaud, F O'Regan, M King, J AF Cronin, Thomas M. Smith, Shannon A. Eynaud, Frederique O'Regan, Matthew King, John TI Quaternary paleoceanography of the central arctic based on Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Arctic Coring Expedition 302 foraminiferal assemblages SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; SEDIMENTATION-RATES; AGGLUTINATED FORAMINIFERA; SEA-ICE; LOMONOSOV RIDGE; AGE CALIBRATION; NORTHWIND RIDGE; YERMAK PLATEAU; PLEISTOCENE; RECORD AB The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) Hole 4C from the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean recovered a continuous 18 m record of Quaternary foraminifera yielding evidence for seasonally ice-free interglacials during the Matuyama, progressive development of large glacials during the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) similar to 1.2-0.9 Ma, and the onset of high-amplitude 100-ka orbital cycles similar to 500 ka. Foraminiferal preservation in sediments from the Arctic is influenced by primary (sea ice, organic input, and other environmental conditions) and secondary factors (syndepositional, long-term pore water dissolution). Taking these into account, the ACEX 4C record shows distinct maxima in agglutinated foraminiferal abundance corresponding to several interglacials and deglacials between marine isotope stages (MIS) 13-37, and although less precise dating is available for older sediments, these trends appear to continue through the Matuyama. The MPT is characterized by nearly barren intervals during major glacials (MIS 12, 16, and 22-24) and faunal turnover (MIS 12-24). Abundant calcareous planktonic (mainly Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sin.) and benthic foraminifers occur mainly in interglacial intervals during the Brunhes and very rarely in the Matuyama. A distinct faunal transition from calcareous to agglutinated foraminifers 200-300 ka in ACEX 4C is comparable to that found in Arctic sediments from the Lomonosov, Alpha, and Northwind ridges and the Morris Jesup Rise. Down-core disappearance of calcareous taxa is probably related to either reduced sea ice cover prior to the last few 100-ka cycles, pore water dissolution, or both. C1 [Cronin, Thomas M.; Smith, Shannon A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Eynaud, Frederique] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5805, Lab Environm & Paleoenvironm Ocean, F-33405 Talence, France. [O'Regan, Matthew; King, John] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), 926A US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov RI O'Regan, Matt/B-2157-2010; OI O'Regan, Matt/0000-0002-6046-1488; Eynaud, Frederique/0000-0003-1283-7425 NR 84 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAR 22 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 AR PA1S18 DI 10.1029/2007PA001484 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 281VR UT WOS:000254527500002 ER PT J AU White, MP Blalock-Herod, HN Stewart, PA AF White, Megan P. Blalock-Herod, Holly N. Stewart, Paul A. TI Life history and host fish identification for Fusconaia burkei and Pleurobema strodeanum (Bivalvia : Unionidae) SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cephalopods - A Behavioral Perspective CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE gravidity; glochidia; juveniles; freshwater mussels; Choctawhatchee River ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MOBILE BASIN; GLOCHIDIA; USA AB We documented the period of gravidity, identified the fish host, and described the glochidia for two mussel species, Fusconaia burkei (Wright, 1898) and Pleurobema strodeanum Walker, 1922, in Eightmile Creek, Walton County, Florida. Populations of both species were checked monthly from December 2003 to October 2004 and were found to be gravid from the middle of March to late May. The size and shape of F. burkei and P. strodeanum glochidia were similar. Conglutinates released by F. burkei were pink-colored and cylindrical in shape, tapering sharply on both ends. Pleurobema strodeanum conglutinates were creamy or peach-colored and wider with a more flattened appearance than those of F. burkei. Ten potential host fish species were exposed to either F. burkei or P. strodeanum glochidia. We identified the blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) as a host fish species for both F. burkei and P. strodeanum. C1 [White, Megan P.; Stewart, Paul A.] Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. [Blalock-Herod, Holly N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP White, MP (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA. EM pilamm5@wfu.edu; holly_herod@fws.gov; mstewart@troy.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 EI 2162-2698 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 286TZ UT WOS:000254870200016 ER PT J AU Hoagstrom, CW Brooks, JE Davenport, SR AF Hoagstrom, Christopher W. Brooks, James E. Davenport, Stephen R. TI Spatiotemporal population trends of Notropis simus pecosensis in relation to habitat conditions and the annual flow regime of the Pecos River, 1992-2005 SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID FISH ASSEMBLAGE RECOVERY; GREAT-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; STREAM FISHES; PERSISTENCE; ECOLOGY; SHINER; CYPRINIDAE; DISCHARGE AB The threatened Pecos Bluntnose Shiner, Notropis simus pecosensis, is restricted to a 333-km segment of the Pecos River, New Mexico. This is a relatively long, undammed segment, but the flow regime is highly modified and the river channel is degraded. Within the occupied segment, upstream river sections are less-degraded with a wider river channel and shifting-sand substrata, whereas downstream river sections have increasingly narrow river channels and compacted, silt-sand substrata. We studied the longitudinal distribution, length-structure, and population status of N. s. pecosensis from 1992 through 2005. On average, individuals were larger upstream and smaller downstream. Highest densities were in upper-middle portions of the study area. Infrequent high-density collections from lower river sections included only small juveniles that were displaced from upstream. In contrast, high-density collections from upper-middle river sections included all life stages. Thus, we concluded that the core population was restricted to upstream river sections. These river sections have relatively diverse habitat when streamflow is perennial, but are largely desiccated during streamflow intermittence. The core population of N. s. pecosensis was evenly distributed between 1992 and 2000, when streamflow was perennial, but became patchily distributed among refugial habitats between 2001 and 2003, in response to low discharge and periodic streamflow intermittence. High density collections resulted from the concentration of fish in refugia. However, N. s. pecosensis percent species composition declined during this period, indicating that refugla were unsuitable. Low density collections observed after perennial streamflow was restored in 2005 indicated a population collapse between 2001 and 2005. Streamflow intermittence is a threat to the core population of N. s. pecosensis, but habitat degradation appears to limit its distribution. Thus, channel restoration and perennial base-flow will both be important for conservation and recovery. C1 [Hoagstrom, Christopher W.; Brooks, James E.; Davenport, Stephen R.] New Mexico Fishery Resources Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Hoagstrom, CW (reprint author), Weber State Univ, Dept Zool, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. EM ChristopherHoagstrom@Weber.edu; Jim_Brooks@fws.gov; Stephen_Davenport@fws.gov NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR 21 PY 2008 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1643/CE-07-002 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 280JF UT WOS:000254421800004 ER PT J AU Hart, KM McIvor, CC AF Hart, Kristen M. McIvor, Carole C. TI Demography and ecology of mangrove diamondback terrapins in a wilderness area of Everglades National Park, Florida, USA SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID TURTLE MALACLEMYS-TERRAPIN; SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES; SPOTTED TURTLES; CLEMMYS-GUTTATA; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; SEX-RATIO; CRAB POTS; POPULATION; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are distributed in brackish water habitats along the U.S. east coast from Massachusetts to Texas, but many populations may be in decline. Whereas ample morphological, behavioral, and reproductive information has been collected for terrapins living in temperate salt marsh habitats, comparatively little is known about mangrove terrapins. To understand population structure of mangrove M. terrapin living in a wilderness area, we conducted a capture-recapture study in the remote, protected Big Sable Creek complex of Everglades National Park, Florida. The goals of the study were to collect baseline demographic data and to compare population structure and growth rates of mangrove terrapins with what is known for more well studied salt marsh terrapins in locations that experience human-imposed threats. We marked 300 terrapins; the sex ratio was 1 female:1.2 males. Considerable sexual size dimorphism. was apparent, with reproductively mature females three times larger (by mass) than mature males. Eighty percent of females and 94% of males were classified as mature, based on straight plastron length (SPL). For a subset of terrapins not yet at maximum size (n = 39), we measured growth as a change in straight carapace length over time of 0.3-26.4 mm/yr for females (n = 26) and 0.9-14.5 mm/yr for males (n = 13). Our study presents the first demographic data on mangrove M. terrapin in the coastal Everglades. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.; McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAR 21 PY 2008 IS 1 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1643/CE-06-161 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 280JF UT WOS:000254421800028 ER PT J AU Ajello, JM Aguilar, A Mangina, RS James, GK Geissler, P Trafton, L AF Ajello, Joseph M. Aguilar, Alejandro Mangina, Rao S. James, Geoffrey K. Geissler, Paul Trafton, Laurence TI Middle UV to near-IR spectrum of electron-excited SO2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-SECTIONS; IOS ATMOSPHERE; ATOMIC OXYGEN; O-I; IMPACT; EMISSION; EXCITATION; MODEL; HYDROGEN AB We investigated the electron impact-induced fluorescence spectrum of SO2 to provide excitation cross sections for modeling Io's emission spectrum and analyzing Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem observations. The electron-excited middle-ultraviolet visible optical near-infrared (VOIR) emission spectrum of SO2 gas was generated in the laboratory and studied from 2000 to 11,000 angstrom at a resolution of Delta lambda similar to 2.5 angstrom full width at half maximum (FWHM). The VOIR laboratory spectrum longward of 6000 angstrom consists entirely of S I, II and O I, II multiplets for electron impact energies above similar to 15 eV. Between 2000 and 6000 angstrom, we find previously identified molecular bands from both SO and SO2. This work represents a significant improvement in spectral resolution over our earlier work done at 18 angstrom FWHM. From a measurement of the medium-resolution spectrum, we provide detailed 25- and 100-eV emission cross sections for spectral features from 2000 to 11,000 angstrom. On the basis of these data, we suggest future ground-based and satellite telescopic observations in the VOIR that are of promise for understanding Io's atmosphere. C1 [Ajello, Joseph M.; Aguilar, Alejandro; Mangina, Rao S.; James, Geoffrey K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Geissler, Paul] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Trafton, Laurence] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Ajello, JM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM geoffrey.james@jpl.nasa.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E3 AR E03002 DI 10.1029/2007JE002921 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281VC UT WOS:000254526000001 ER PT J AU Lorenz, RD Stiles, BW Kirk, RL Allison, MD del Marmo, PP Iess, L Lunine, JI Ostro, SJ Hensley, S AF Lorenz, Ralph D. Stiles, Bryan W. Kirk, Randolph L. Allison, Michael D. del Marmo, Paolo Persi Iess, Luciano Lunine, Jonathan I. Ostro, Steven J. Hensley, Scott TI Titan's rotation reveals an internal ocean and changing zonal winds SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GALILEAN SATELLITES; SURFACE AB Cassini radar observations of Saturn's moon Titan over several years show that its rotational period is changing and is different from its orbital period. The present- day rotation period difference from synchronous spin leads to a shift of similar to 0.36 per year in apparent longitude and is consistent with seasonal exchange of angular momentum between the surface and Titan's dense superrotating atmosphere, but only if Titan's crust is decoupled from the core by an internal water ocean like that on Europa. C1 [Lorenz, Ralph D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Stiles, Bryan W.; Ostro, Steven J.; Hensley, Scott] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Allison, Michael D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [del Marmo, Paolo Persi; Iess, Luciano] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Lunine, Jonathan I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lorenz, RD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu RI IESS, Luciano/F-4902-2011; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI IESS, Luciano/0000-0002-6230-5825; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 23 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5870 BP 1649 EP 1651 DI 10.1126/science.1151639 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 276VR UT WOS:000254172300035 PM 18356521 ER PT J AU Piniak, GA Storlazzi, CD AF Piniak, Gregory A. Storlazzi, Curt D. TI Diurnal variability in turbidity and coral fluorescence on a fringing reef flat: Southern Molokai, Hawaii SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turbidity; irradiance; coral; photochemistry; Montipora capitata; PAM fluorometry ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MEASURED IN-SITU; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; SEDIMENT FLUX; PHOTOINHIBITION; PHOTOPROTECTION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ZOOXANTHELLAE AB Terrigenous sediment in the nearshore environment can pose both acute and chronic stresses to coral reefs. The reef flat off southern Molokai, Hawaii, typically experiences daily turbidity events, in which trade winds and tides combine to resuspend terrigenous sediment and transport it alongshore. These chronic turbidity events could play a role in restricting coral distribution on the reef flat by reducing the light available for photosynthesis. This study describes the effects of these turbidity events on the Hawaiian reef coral Montipora capitata using in situ diurnal measurements of turbidity, light levels, and chlorophyll fluorescence yield via pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometry. Average surface irradiance was similar in the morning and the afternoon, while increased afternoon turbidity resulted in lower subsurface irradiance, higher fluorescence yield (Delta F/F'(m)), and lower relative electron transport rates (rETR). Model calculations based on observed light extinction coeffecients suggest that in the absence of turbidity events, afternoon subsurface irradiances would be 1.43 times higher than observed, resulting in rETR for M. capitata that are 1.40 times higher. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Piniak, Gregory A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Storlazzi, Curt D.] USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Piniak, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM greg.piniak@noaa.gov; cstorlazzi@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 57 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.08.023 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 285KR UT WOS:000254776200006 ER PT J AU Barthold, FK Stallard, RF Elsenbeer, H AF Barthold, Frauke K. Stallard, Robert F. Elsenbeer, Helmut TI Soil nutrient-landscape relationships in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil chemical properties; lowland tropical rain forest; soil-landscape relationships ID BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; SPATIAL PREDICTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; ELEVATION; TOPOGRAPHY; MOIST; IRRIGATION; ATTRIBUTES; VEGETATION; CHEMISTRY AB Soils play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles as spatially distributed sources and sinks of nutrients. Any spatial patterns depend on soil forming processes, our understanding of which is still limited, especially in regards to tropical rainforests. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of landscape properties, with an emphasis on the geometry of the land surface, on the spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical properties, and to test the suitability of soil-landscape modeling as an appropriate technique to predict the spatial variability of exchangeable K and Mg in a humid tropical forest in Panama. We used a design-based, stratified sampling scheme to collect soil samples at 108 sites on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Stratifying variables are lithology, vegetation and topography. Topographic variables were generated from high-resolution digital elevation models with a grid size of 5 m. We took samples from five depths down to I m, and analyzed for total and exchangeable K and Mg. We used simple explorative data analysis techniques to elucidate the importance of lithology for soil total and exchangeable K and Mg. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were adopted to investigate importance of topography, lithology and vegetation for the spatial distribution of exchangeable K and Mg and with the intention to develop models that regionalize the point observations using digital terrain data as explanatory variables. Our results suggest that topography and vegetation do not control the spatial distribution of the selected soil chemical properties at a landscape scale and lithology is important to some degree. Exchangeable K is distributed equally across the study area indicating that other than landscape processes, e.g. biogeochemical processes, are responsible for its spatial distribution. Lithology contributes to the spatial variation of exchangeable Mg but controlling variables could not be detected. The spatial variation of soil total K and Mg is mainly influenced by lithology. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barthold, Frauke K.; Elsenbeer, Helmut] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Stallard, Robert F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Stallard, Robert F.; Elsenbeer, Helmut] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Barthold, FK (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. EM fkbarthold@gmail.com RI Barthold, Frauke/C-3877-2012; Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Barthold, Frauke/0000-0002-1412-8713; Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 64 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 3-4 BP 1135 EP 1148 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.089 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 275LJ UT WOS:000254072700078 ER PT J AU Haidvogel, DB Arango, H Budgell, WP Cornuelle, BD Curchitser, E Di Lorenzo, E Fennel, K Geyer, WR Hermann, AJ Lanerolle, L Levin, J McWilliams, JC Miller, AJ Moore, AM Powell, TM Shchepetkin, AF Sherwood, CR Signell, RP Warner, JC Wilkin, J AF Haidvogel, D. B. Arango, H. Budgell, W. P. Cornuelle, B. D. Curchitser, E. Di Lorenzo, E. Fennel, K. Geyer, W. R. Hermann, A. J. Lanerolle, L. Levin, J. McWilliams, J. C. Miller, A. J. Moore, A. M. Powell, T. M. Shchepetkin, A. F. Sherwood, C. R. Signell, R. P. Warner, J. C. Wilkin, J. TI Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the Regional Ocean Modeling System SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE regional ocean prediction; incompressible navier-stokes equations; split-explicit time stepping; sea ice modeling; biogeo-chemical cycles ID SEA-ICE DYNAMICS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CIRCULATION; TOPOGRAPHY; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; ALTIMETER; EXPLICIT; EQUATION; SURFACE AB Systematic improvements in algorithmic design of regional ocean circulation models have led to significant enhancement in simulation ability across a wide range of space/time scales and marine system types. As an example, we briefly review the Regional Ocean Modeling System, a member of a general class of three-dimensional, free-surface, terrain-following numerical models. Noteworthy characteristics of the ROMS computational kernel include: consistent temporal averaging of the barotropic mode to guarantee both exact conservation and constancy preservation properties for tracers; redefined barotropic pressure-gradient terms to account for local variations in the density field; vertical interpolation performed using conservative parabolic splines; and higher-order, quasi-monotone advection algorithms. Examples of quantitative skill assessment are shown for a tidally driven estuary, an ice-covered high-latitude sea, a wind- and buoyancy-forced continental shelf, and a mid-latitude ocean basin. The combination of moderate-order spatial approximations, enhanced conservation properties, and quasi-monotone advection produces both more robust and accurate, and less diffusive, solutions than those produced in earlier terrain-following ocean models. Together with advanced methods of data assimilation and novel observing system technologies, these capabilities constitute the necessary ingredients for multi-purpose regional ocean prediction systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Haidvogel, D. B.; Arango, H.; Curchitser, E.; Levin, J.; Wilkin, J.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Budgell, W. P.] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Cornuelle, B. D.; Miller, A. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Di Lorenzo, E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fennel, K.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Geyer, W. R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hermann, A. J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lanerolle, L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McWilliams, J. C.; Shchepetkin, A. F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Moore, A. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Powell, T. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sherwood, C. R.; Signell, R. P.; Warner, J. C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Haidvogel, DB (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM dale@imcs.rutgers.edu RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009; Wilkin, John/E-5343-2011; Reboreda, Rosa/A-2518-2012; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012; OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Wilkin, John/0000-0002-5444-9466; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613; Cornuelle, Bruce/0000-0003-2110-3319 NR 58 TC 394 Z9 401 U1 7 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 7 BP 3595 EP 3624 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.06.016 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 288SK UT WOS:000255005900009 ER PT J AU Wdowinski, S Kim, SW Amelung, F Dixon, TH Miralles-Wilhelm, F Sonenshein, R AF Wdowinski, Shimon Kim, Sang-Wan Amelung, Falk Dixon, Timothy H. Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando Sonenshein, Roy TI Space-based detection of wetlands' surface water level changes from L-band SAR interferometry SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wetlands; Everglades; surface flow; InSAR ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SOUTH FLORIDA WETLANDS; EARTHS SURFACE; DEFORMATION; FLOW; GROUNDWATER; EVERGLADES; SUBSIDENCE; PATTERNS; IMAGERY AB Interferometric processing of JERS-1 L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired over south Florida during 1993-1996 reveals detectable surface changes in the Everglades wetlands. Although our study is limited to south Florida it has implication for other large-scale wetlands, because south Florida wetlands have diverse vegetation types and both managed and natural flow environments. Our analysis reveals that interferometric coherence level is sensitive to wetland vegetation type and to the interferogram time span. Interferograms with time spans less than six months maintain phase observations for all wetland types, allowing characterization of water level changes in different wetland environments. The most noticeable changes occur between the managed and the natural flow wetlands. In the managed wetlands, fringes are organized, follow patterns related to some of the managed water control structures and have high fringe-rate. In the natural flow areas, fringes are irregular and have a low fringe-rate. The high fringe rate in managed areas reflects dynamic water topography caused by high flow rate due to gate operation. Although this organized fringe pattern is not characteristic of most large-scale wetlands, the high level of water level change enables accurate estimation of the wetland InSAR technique, which lies in the range of 5-10 cm. The irregular and low rate fringe pattern in the natural flow area reflects uninterrupted flow that diffuses water efficiently and evenly. Most of the interferograms in the natural flow area show an elongated fringe located along the transitional zone between salt- and fresh-water wetlands, reflecting water level changes due to ocean tides. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wdowinski, Shimon; Kim, Sang-Wan; Amelung, Falk; Dixon, Timothy H.] Univ Miami, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Sonenshein, Roy] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. RP Wdowinski, S (reprint author), Univ Miami, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM shimonw@rsmas.miami.edu RI Amelung, Falk/J-9042-2012 NR 40 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 18 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 3 BP 681 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.06.008 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 280RK UT WOS:000254443700006 ER PT J AU Wulder, MA White, JC Goward, SN Masek, JG Irons, JR Herold, M Cohen, WB Loveland, TR Woodcock, CE AF Wulder, Michael A. White, Joanne C. Goward, Samuel N. Masek, Jeffrey G. Irons, James R. Herold, Martin Cohen, Warren B. Loveland, Thomas R. Woodcock, Curtis E. TI Landsat continuity: Issues and opportunities for land cover monitoring SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; landsat data continuity mission; large area; land cover; monitoring; change detection; remote sensing ID TERM ACQUISITION PLAN; EARTH OBSERVATION; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; SATELLITE DATA; LARGE AREAS; ASTER; IMAGERY; VALIDATION; MISSION; POLICY AB Initiated in 1972, the Landsat program has provided a continuous record of earth observation for 35 years. The assemblage of Landsat spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions, over a reasonably sized image extent, results in imagery that can be processed to represent land cover over large areas with an amount of spatial detail that is absolutely unique and indispensable for monitoring, management, and scientific activities. Recent technical problems with the two existing Landsat satellites, and delays in the development and launch of a successor, increase the likelihood that a gap in Landsat continuity may occur. In this communication, we identify the key features of the Landsat program that have resulted in the extensive use of Landsat data for large area land cover mapping and monitoring. We then augment this list of key features by examining the data needs of existing large area land cover monitoring programs. Subsequently, we use this list as a basis for reviewing the current constellation of earth observation satellites to identify potential alternative data sources for large area land cover applications. Notions of a virtual constellation of satellites to meet large area land cover mapping and monitoring needs are also presented. Finally, research priorities that would facilitate the integration of these alternative data sources into existing large area land cover monitoring programs are identified. Continuity of the Landsat program and the measurements provided are critical for scientific, environmental, economic, and social purposes. It is difficult to overstate the importance of Landsat; there are no other systems in orbit, or planned for launch in the short-term, that can duplicate or approach replication, of the measurements and information conferred by Landsat. While technical and political options are being pursued, there is no satellite image data stream poised to enter the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive should system failures occur to Landsat-5 and -7. Crown Copyright (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wulder, Michael A.; White, Joanne C.] Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Goward, Samuel N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Masek, Jeffrey G.; Irons, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Herold, Martin] FSU Jena, Dept Geog, GOFC GOLD Land Cover Project Off, Jena, Germany. [Cohen, Warren B.] USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Observat & Sci EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Woodcock, Curtis E.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wulder, MA (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM mwulder@nrcan.ge.ca RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Irons, James/D-8535-2012; Herold, Martin/F-8553-2012; Wulder, Michael/J-5597-2016; OI Herold, Martin/0000-0003-0246-6886; Wulder, Michael/0000-0002-6942-1896; White, Joanne/0000-0003-4674-0373 NR 90 TC 190 Z9 200 U1 12 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 18 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 3 BP 955 EP 969 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.07.004 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 280RK UT WOS:000254443700027 ER PT J AU Attanasi, ED Freeman, PA AF Attanasi, E. D. Freeman, P. A. TI Exploration maturity key to ranking search areas SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Attanasi, E. D.; Freeman, P. A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Attanasi, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD MAR 17 PY 2008 VL 106 IS 11 BP 36 EP + PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA V14FJ UT WOS:000207720000012 ER PT J AU Bedford, DR Small, EE AF Bedford, David R. Small, Eric E. TI Spatial patterns of ecohydrologic properties on a hillslope-alluvial fan transect, central New Mexico SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE spatial patterns; ecohydrology; alluvial fans; bajada; hillslope; vegetation; soil properties ID SONORAN DESERT BAJADAS; WEIGHTED LEAST-SQUARES; VEGETATION PATTERNS; SOIL PROPERTIES; MULTIVARIATE GEOSTATISTICS; INFILTRATION RATES; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SEMIARID WOODLAND; SHRUB-STEPPE; SINGLE-RING AB Spatial patterns of soil properties are linked to patchy vegetation in and and semi-arid landscapes. The patterns of soil properties are generally assumed to be linked to the ecohydrological functioning of patchy dryland vegetation ecosystems. We studied the effects of vegetation canopy, its spatial pattern, and landforms on soil properties affecting overland flow and infiltration in shrublands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge/LTER in central New Mexico, USA. We studied the patterns of microtopography and saturated conductivity (Ksat), and generally found it to be affected by vegetation canopy and pattern, as well as landform type. On gently sloping alluvial fans, both microtopography and Ksat are high under vegetation canopy and decay with distance from plant center. On steeper hillslope landforms, only microtopography was significantly higher under vegetation canopy, while there was no significant difference in Ksat between vegetation and interspaces. Using geostatistics, we found that the spatial pattern of soil proper-ties was determined by the spatial pattern of vegetation. Most importantly, the effects of vegetation were present in the unvegetated interspaces 2-4 times the extent of vegetation canopy, on the order of 2-3 m. Our results have implications for the understanding the ecohydrologic function of semi-arid ecosystems as well as the parameterization of hydrologic models. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bedford, David R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bedford, David R.; Small, Eric E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bedford, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dbedford@usgs.gov; eric.small@colorado.edu RI small, eric/B-4939-2011; Small, eric/K-6007-2015; OI Bedford, David/0000-0001-9706-928X NR 81 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1 BP 34 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2007.08.005 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 286ES UT WOS:000254829300004 ER PT J AU Kinney, CA Furlong, ET Kolpin, DW Burkhardt, MR Zaugg, SD Werner, SL Bossio, JP Benotti, MJ AF Kinney, Chad A. Furlong, Edward T. Kolpin, Dana W. Burkhardt, Mark R. Zaugg, Steven D. Werner, Stephen L. Bossio, Joseph P. Benotti, Mark J. TI Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic waste indicators in earthworms from agricultural soil amended with biosolid or swine manure SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; LAND APPLICATION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; WATER CONTAMINANTS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TREATMENT PLANTS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Analysis of earthworms offers potential for assessing the transfer of organic anthropogenic waste indicators (AWIs) derived from land-applied biosolid or manure to biota. Earthworms and soil samples were collected from three Midwest agricultural fields to measure the presence and potential for transfer of 77 AWIs from land-applied biosolids and livestock manure to earthworms. The sites consisted of a soybean field with no amendments of human or livestock waste (Site 1), a soybean field amended with biosolids from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (Site. 2), and a cornfield amended with swine manure (Site 3). The biosolid applied to Site 2 contained a diverse composition of 28 AWIs, reflecting the presence of human use compounds. The swine manure contained 12 AWIs, and was dominated by biogenic sterols. Soil and earthworm samples were collected in the spring (about 30 days after soil amendment) and fall (140-155 days after soil amendment) at all field sites. Soils from Site I contained 21 AWIs and soil from Sites 2 and 3 contained 19 AWIs. The AWI profiles at Sites 2 and 3 generally reflected the relative composition of AWIs present in waste material applied. There were 20 AWIs detected in earthworms from Site I (three compounds exceeding concentrations of 1000 mu g/kg), 25 AWIs in earthworms from Site 2 (seven compounds exceeding concentrations of 1000 mu g/ kg), and 21 AWIs in earthworms from Site 3 (five compounds exceeding concentrations of 1000 mu g/kg). A number of compounds that were present in the earthworm tissue were at concentrations less than reporting levels in the corresponding soil samples. The AWIs detected in earthworm tissue from the three field sites included pharmaceuticals, synthetic fragrances, detergent metabolites, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), biogenic sterols, disinfectants, and pesticides, reflecting a wide range of physicochemical properties. For those contaminants detected in earthworm tissue and soil, bioaccumulation factors (BAF) ranged from 0.05 (galaxolide)to 27 (triclosan). This study documents that when AWIs are present in source materials that are land applied, such as biosolids and swine manure, AWIs can be transferred to earthworms. C1 [Kinney, Chad A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.; Burkhardt, Mark R.; Zaugg, Steven D.; Werner, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Bossio, Joseph P.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Benotti, Mark J.] US Geol Survey, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Kinney, CA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, 2200 Bonforte Blvd, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. EM chad.kinney@colostate-pueblo.edu RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 70 TC 146 Z9 157 U1 9 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1863 EP 1870 DI 10.1021/es702304c PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273QV UT WOS:000253947700012 PM 18409605 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Martin, DA Cannon, SH AF Moody, John A. Martin, Deborah A. Cannon, Susan H. TI Post-wildfire erosion response in two geologic terrains in the western USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wildfire; erosion and deposition; channels; hillslope; erodibility efficiency ID DEBRIS-FLOW INITIATION; CRITICAL SHEAR-STRESS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FIRE; RUNOFF; WATER; SIMULATION; MOUNTAIN; STREAMS AB Volumes of eroded sediment after wildfires vary substantially throughout different geologic terrains across the western United States. These volumes are difficult to compare because they represent the response to rainstorms and runoff with different characteristics. However, by measuring the erosion response as the erodibility efficiency of water to detach and transport sediment on hillslopes and in channels, the erosion response from different geologic terrains can be compared. Specifically, the erodibility efficiency is the percentage of the total available stream power expended to detach, remobilize, or transport a mass of sediment. Erodibility efficiencies were calculated for the (i) initial detachment, and for the (ii) remobilization and transport of sediment on the hillslopes and in the channels after wildfire in two different geological terrains. The initial detachment efficiencies for the main channel and tributary channel in the granitic terrain were 10 +/- 9% and 5 +/- 4% and were similar to those for the volcanic terrain, which were 5 +/- 5% and 1 +/- 1%. No initial detachment efficiency could be measured for the hillslopes in the granitic terrain because hillslope measurements were started after the first major rainstorm. The initial detachment efficiency in the volcanic terrain was 1.3 +/- 0.41%. The average remobilization and transport efficiencies associated with flash floods in the channels also were similar in the granitic (0.18 +/- 0.57%) and volcanic (0.11 +/- 0.41%) terrains. On the hillslope the remobilization and transport efficiency was greater in the volcanic terrain (2.4%) than in the granitic terrain (0.65%). However, this may reflect the reduced sediment availability after the first major rainstorm (30-min maximum rainfall intensity similar to 90 min h(-1)) in the granitic terrain, while easily erodible fine colluvium remained on the hillslope after the first rainstorm (30-min maximum rainfall intensity = 7.2 mm h(-1)) in the volcanic terrain. The erosion response in channels and on hillslopes of the granitic and volcanic terrains was similar when compared using erodibility efficiencies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moody, John A.; Martin, Deborah A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cannon, Susan H.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jamoody@usgs.gov; damartin@usgs.gov; cannon@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 103 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.05.011 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 278TA UT WOS:000254308000001 ER PT J AU Drexler, JZ Anderson, FE Snyder, RL AF Drexler, Judy Z. Anderson, Frank E. Snyder, Richard L. TI Evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients for a restored marsh in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE crop coefficient; evapotranspiration; K(c) value; marsh; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta; Schoenoplectus acutus; surface renewal method; Typha ID LATENT-HEAT FLUX; SURFACE RENEWAL ANALYSIS; WETLAND; BULRUSH; CATTAIL; DENSITY; BASIN; RATIO AB The surface renewal method was used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) for a restored marsh on Twitchell Island in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA. ET estimates for the marsh, together with reference ET measurements from a nearby climate station, were used to determine crop coefficients over a 3-year period during the growing season. The mean ET rate for the study period was 6 mm day(-1), which is high compared with other marshes with similar vegetation. High ET rates at the marsh may be due to the windy, semi-arid Mediterranean climate of the region, and the permanently flooded nature of the marsh, which results in very low surface resistance of the vegetation. Crop coefficient (K(c)) values for the marsh ranged from 0.73 to 1.18. The mean K(c) value over the entire study period was 0.95. The daily K(c) values for any given month varied from year to year, and the standard deviation of daily K(c) values varied between months. Although several climate variables were undoubtedly responsible for this variation, our analysis revealed that wind direction and the temperature of standing water in the wetland were of particular importance in determining ET rates and K, values. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Drexler, Judy Z.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Anderson, Frank E.; Snyder, Richard L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Drexler, JZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM jdrexler@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 725 EP 735 DI 10.1002/hyp.6650 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 284EX UT WOS:000254690600001 ER PT J AU Reis-Santos, P McCormick, SD Wilson, JM AF Reis-Santos, Patrick McCormick, Stephen D. Wilson, Jonathan M. TI Ionoregulatory changes during metamorphosis and salinity exposure of juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ammocoete; transformer; Na+/K+-ATPase; vacuolar (V)-type H+; ATPase; lamprey; ionoregulation. ID MITOCHONDRIA-RICH CELLS; SOFT-WATER ACCLIMATION; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; K+-ATPASE ACTIVITY; FRESH-WATER; GILL EPITHELIUM; ADULT LAMPREYS; NA+ UPTAKE; FISH GILL; CHLORIDE CELLS AB Ammocoetes of the anadromous sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus L. spend many years in freshwater before metamorphosing and migrating to sea. Metamorphosis involves the radical transformation from a substrate-dwelling, filter feeder into a frees-swimming, parasitic feeder. In the present work we examined osmoregulatory differences between ammocoetes and transformers ( metamorphic juveniles), and the effects of salinity acclimation. We measured the expression of key ion-transporting proteins [Na+/ K+-ATPase, vacuolar (V)-type H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA)] as well as a number of relevant blood parameters (hematocrit, [Na+] and [Cl-]). In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy was used to identify and characterize the distributions of Na+/ K+-ATPase, V-type H+-ATPase and CA immunoreactive cells in the gill. Ammocoetes did not survive in the experiments with salinities greater than 10%, whereas survival in high salinity ( >= 25-35%) increased with increased degree of metamorphosis in transformers. Plasma [ Na+] and [ Cl-] of ammocoetes in freshwater was lower than transformers and increased markedly at 10%. In transformers, plasma ions increased only at high salinity (> 25%). Branchial Na+/ K+- ATPase levels were similar to tenfold higher in transformers compared to ammocoetes and salinity did not affect expression in either group. However, branchial H+- ATPase expression showed a negative correlation with salinity in both groups. Na+/ K+- ATPase immunoreactivity was strongest in transformers and associated with clusters of cells in the interlamellar spaces. H+-ATPase (B subunit) immunoreactivity was localized to epithelial cells not expressing high Na+/K+-ATPase immunoreactivity and having a similar tissue distribution as carbonic anhydrase. The results indicate that branchial Na+/ K+-ATPase and salinity tolerance increase in metamorphosing lampreys, and that branchial H+- ATPase is downregulated by salinity. C1 [Reis-Santos, Patrick; Wilson, Jonathan M.] CIIMAR, Lab Ecofisiol, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Wilson, JM (reprint author), CIIMAR, Lab Ecofisiol, Rua Bragas 289, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. EM wilson_jm@ciimar.up.pt RI Wilson, Jonathan/I-6071-2012; Scientific output, CIIMAR/E-5122-2012; OI Wilson, Jonathan/0000-0003-3681-1166; Scientific output, CIIMAR/0000-0001-6270-2153; Reis Santos, Patrick/0000-0001-9843-9465 NR 48 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 22 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 6 BP 978 EP 988 DI 10.1242/jeb.014423 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 280YM UT WOS:000254462700020 PM 18310123 ER PT J AU Naftz, DL Bullen, TD Stolp, BJ Wilkowske, CD AF Naftz, David L. Bullen, Thomas D. Stolp, Bert J. Wilkowske, Christopher D. TI Utilizing geochemical, hydrologic, and boron isotopic data to assess the success of a salinity and selenium remediation project, Upper Colorado River Basin, Utah SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE geochemistry; isotopes; salinity remediation; Colorado River Basin; Mancos Shale ID TRACING SOURCES; GROUNDWATER; CONTAMINATION; NITRATE AB Stream discharge and geochemical data were collected at two sites along lower Ashley Creek, Utah, from 1999 to 2003, to assess the success of a site specific salinity and Se remediation project. The remediation project involved the replacement of a leaking sewage lagoon system that was interacting with Mancos Shale and increasing the dissolved salinity and Se load in Ashley Creek. Regression modeling successfully simulated the mean daily dissolved salinity and Se loads (R-2 values ranging from 0.82 to 0.97) at both the upstream (AC1) and downstream (AC2/AC2A) sites during the study period. Prior to lagoon closure, net gain in dissolved-salinity load exceeded 2177 metric tons/month and decreased after remediation to less than 590 metric tons/month. The net gain in dissolved Se load during the same pre-closure period exceeded 120 kg/month and decreased to less than 18 kg/month. Sen's slope estimator verified the statistical significance of the modeled reduction in monthly salinity and Se loads. Measured gain in dissolved constituent loads during seepage tests conducted during September and November 2003 ranged from 0.334 to 0.362 kg/day for dissolved Se and 16.9 to 26.1 metric tons/day for dissolved salinity. Stream discharge and changes in the isotopic values of delta boron-11 (delta B-11) were used in a mixing model to differentiate between constituent loadings contributed by residual sewage effluent and naturally occurring ground-water seepage entering Ashley Creek. The majority of the modeled delta B-11 values of ground-water seepage were positive, indicative of minimal seepage contributions from sewage effluent. The stream reach between sites S3 and AC2A contained a modeled ground-water seepage delta B-11 value of -2.4 parts per thousand, indicative of ground-water seepage composed of remnant water still draining from the abandoned sewage lagoons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Naftz, David L.; Stolp, Bert J.; Wilkowske, Christopher D.] US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Naftz, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. EM dlnaftz@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 15 PY 2008 VL 392 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.047 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 268MX UT WOS:000253585000001 PM 18068216 ER PT J AU Goldstein, HL Reynolds, RL Reheis, MC Yount, JC Neff, JC AF Goldstein, Harland L. Reynolds, Richard L. Reheis, Marith C. Yount, James C. Neff, Jason C. TI Compositional trends in aeolian dust along a transect across the southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID QUATERNARY CLIMATIC CHANGES; CIMA VOLCANIC FIELD; MOJAVE-DESERT; PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH; SOUTHERN NEVADA; NUTRIENT INPUTS; PLANT NUTRIENTS; EOLIAN DUST; CALIFORNIA AB Aeolian dust strongly influences ecology and landscape geochemistry over large areas that span several desert ecosystems of the southwestern United States. This study evaluates spatial and temporal variations and trends of the physical and chemical properties of dust in the southwestern United States by examining dust deposited in natural depressions on high isolated surfaces along a transect from the Mojave Desert to the central Colorado Plateau. Aeolian dust is recognized in these depressions on the basis of textural, chemical, isotopic, and mineralogical characteristics and comparisons of those characteristics to the underlying bedrock units. Spatial and temporal trends suggest that although local dust sources are important to the accumulated material in these depressions, Mojave Desert dust sources may also contribute. Depth trends in the depressions suggest that Mojave sources may have contributed more dust to the Colorado Plateau recently than in the past. These interpretations point to the important roles of far-traveled aeolian dust for landscape geochemistry and imply future changes to soil geochemistry under changing conditions in far-distant dust source areas. C1 [Goldstein, Harland L.; Reynolds, Richard L.; Reheis, Marith C.; Yount, James C.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, Jason C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Goldstein, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS-980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM goldstein@usgs.gov RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; OI NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472; Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD MAR 14 PY 2008 VL 113 IS F2 AR F02S02 DI 10.1029/2007JF000751 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 276TY UT WOS:000254167200001 ER PT J AU Moore, DE Lockner, DA AF Moore, Diane E. Lockner, David A. TI Talc friction in the temperature range 25 degrees-400 degrees C: Relevance for fault-zone weakening SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fault gouge; frictional strength; fault-zone weakening; talc ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SLAB-MANTLE INTERFACE; SUBDUCTION ZONES; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; SYSTEM MGO-SIO2-H2O; RESIDUAL STRENGTH; BOND STRENGTH; HEAT-FLOW; WATER; SERPENTINITE AB Talc is one of the weakest minerals that is associated with fault zones. Triaxial friction experiments conducted on water-saturated talc gouge at room temperature yield values of the coefficient of fiction, mu (shear stress, tau/effective normal stress, sigma'(N)) in the range 0.16-0.23, and mu increases with increasing sigma'(N). Talc gouge heated to temperatures of 100 degrees-400 degrees C is consistently weaker than at room temperature, and mu < 0.1 at slow strain rates in some heated experiments. Talc also is characterized by inherently stable, velocity-strengthening behavior (strength increases with increasing shear rate) at all conditions tested. The low strength of talc is a consequence of its layered crystal structure and, in particular, its very weak interlayer bond. Its hydrophobic character may be responsible for the relatively small increase in mu with increasing sigma'(N) at room temperature compared to other sheet silicates. Talc has a temperature-pressure range of stability that extends from surficial to eclogite-facies conditions, making it of potential significance in a variety of faulting environments. Talc has been identified in exhumed subduction zone thrusts, in fault gouge collected from oceanic transform and detachment faults associated with rift systems, and recently in serpentinite from the central creeping section of the San Andreas fault. Typically, talc crystallized in the active fault zones as a result of the reaction of ultramafic rocks with silica-saturated hydrothermal fluids. This mode of formation of talc is a prime example of a fault-zone weakening process. Because of its velocity-strengthening behavior, talc may play a role in stabilizing slip at depth in subduction zones and in the creeping faults of central and northern California that are associated with ophiolitic rocks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moore, Diane E.; Lockner, David A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmoore@usgs.gov; dlockner@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD MAR 13 PY 2008 VL 449 IS 1-4 BP 120 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.039 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 284QY UT WOS:000254722100008 ER PT J AU Reynolds-Hogland, MJ Hogland, JS Mitchell, MS AF Reynolds-Hogland, Melissa J. Hogland, John S. Mitchell, Michael S. TI Evaluating intercepts from demographic models to understand resource limitation and resource thresholds SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE logistic regression; odds ratios; resource limitation; resource thresholds; survival ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; POPULATION; SURVIVAL; FOOD; SIMULATION; FARMLAND; CLIMATE; QUALITY; MARK AB Understanding resource limitation is critical to effective management and conservation of wild populations, however resource limitation is difficult to quantify partly because resource limitation is a dynamic process. Specifically, a resource that is limiting at one time may become non-limiting at another time, depending upon changes in its availability and changes in the availability of other resources. Methods for understanding resource limitation, therefore, must consider the dynamic effects of resources on demography. We present approaches for interpreting results of demographic modeling beyond analyzing model rankings, model weights, slope estimates, and model averaging. We demonstrate how interpretation of y-intercepts, odds ratios, and rates of change can yield insights into resource limitation as a dynamic process, assuming logistic regression is used to link estimates of resources with estimates of demography. In addition, we show how x-intercepts can be evaluated with respect to odds ratios to understand resource thresholds. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reynolds-Hogland, Melissa J.; Mitchell, Michael S.] Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hogland, John S.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Reynolds-Hogland, MJ (reprint author), 559 Grandview Dr, Stevensville, MT 59870 USA. EM meljor1@yahoo.com RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 3-4 BP 424 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.09.020 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270DS UT WOS:000253700900016 ER PT J AU Lautze, NC Houghton, BF AF Lautze, Nicole C. Houghton, Bruce F. TI Single explosions at Stromboli in 2002: Use of clast microtextures to map physical diversity across a fragmentation zone SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stromboli; volcano; single explosion; vesicle; texture; fragmentation ID ERUPTION DYNAMICS; VOLCANO; MAGMA; VESICULATION; CONDUIT; STYLE; ETNA AB A combination of fortuitous eruptive and wind conditions at Stromboli volcano in September 2002 enabled the collection of samples of multiple lapilli from individual observed explosions. These ejecta present the first opportunity to analyze the vesicularity of material ejected in a single Strombolian explosion. Samples of between 40 and 92 lapilli were collected from each of six sequential explosions on 30 September 2002, and 28 lapilli were obtained from a single explosion similar to 24 h later (1 October). Density measurements and microtextural observations show that considerable heterogeneity existed within each of the seven samples. Centimeter to millimeter size bubble-rich and bubble-poor zones are present and are, in places, mingled together. These data confirm that the shallow conduit at Stromboli is a texturally diverse environment at the instant of a single explosion, and that a similar range of heterogeneity can persist through closely-spaced sequences of explosions on a timescale of hours and, probably, days, despite the dynamic processes of ascent of melt and decoupled gas phases. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lautze, Nicole C.; Houghton, Bruce F.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Lautze, NC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 910, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM nlautze@usgs.gov; bhought@soest.hawaii.edu NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 170 IS 3-4 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.10.011 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 291FU UT WOS:000255179900009 ER PT J AU Smetacek, V Cloern, JE AF Smetacek, Victor Cloern, James E. TI Oceans - On phytoplankton trends SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LONG-TERM; PLANKTON; FALL; RISE; BAY C1 [Smetacek, Victor] Helmholtz Fdn, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Smetacek, Victor] Univ Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Smetacek, V (reprint author), Helmholtz Fdn, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM Victor.Smetacek@awi.de; jecloern@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 17 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 7 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5868 BP 1346 EP 1348 DI 10.1126/science.1151330 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 270HW UT WOS:000253712900029 PM 18323440 ER PT J AU Niswonger, RG Fogg, GE AF Niswonger, Richard G. Fogg, Graham E. TI Influence of perched groundwater on base flow SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER TABLES; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WESTERN OREGON; HETEROGENEITY; HILLSIDES; SYSTEM; RIVERS; STREAM; SOILS; POOL AB Analysis with a three-dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow model provides a basic understanding of the interplay between streams and perched groundwater. A simplified, layered model of heterogeneity was used to explore these relationships. Base flow contribution from perched groundwater was evaluated with regard to varying hydrogeologic conditions, including the size and location of the fine-sediment unit and the hydraulic conductivity of the fine-sediment unit and surrounding coarser sediment. Simulated base flow was sustained by perched groundwater with a maximum monthly discharge in excess of 15 L/s (0.6 feet(3)/s) over the length of the 2000-m stream reach. Generally, the rate of perched-groundwater discharge to the stream was proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of sediment surrounding the stream, whereas the duration of discharge was proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of the fine-sediment unit. Other aspects of the perched aquifer affected base flow, such as the depth of stream penetration and the size of the fine-sediment unit. Greater stream penetration decreased the maximum base flow contribution but increased the duration of contribution. Perched groundwater provided water for riparian vegetation at the demand rate but reduced the duration of perched-groundwater discharge nearly 75%. C1 [Niswonger, Richard G.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Fogg, Graham E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fogg, Graham E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Niswonger, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 2730 N Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. EM rniswon@usgs.gov; gefogg@ucdavis.adu NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 6 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 AR W03405 DI 10.1029/2007WR006160 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 276RQ UT WOS:000254160300001 ER PT J AU Machut, LS Limburg, KE AF Machut, L. S. Limburg, K. E. TI Anguillicola crassus infection in Anguilla rostrata from small tributaries of the Hudson river watershed, New York, USA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Anguilla rostrata; Anguillicola crassus; parasite; barriers; urbanization ID PHASE AMERICAN EELS; EUROPEAN EEL; PARATENIC HOSTS; SWIMBLADDER PARASITE; NEMATODE PARASITE; RHODE-ISLAND; DRACUNCULOIDEA; INTERMEDIATE; SURVIVAL; IMPACT AB We studied the invasion of the exotic nematode parasite Anguillicola crassus in the American eel Anguilla rostra ta using tributaries of the Hudson River estuary. Yellow-phase American eels were sampled from 6 tributaries, and their swim bladders were examined for nematode infection. Prevalence averaged 39 % with an intensity of 2.4 nematodes per eel. Parasite distribution was not significant along a latitudinal gradient; on the other hand, physical barriers (dams and natural waterfalls) significantly reduced infections upstream. Urbanization may increase the susceptibility of eels to infection; we found significantly elevated infection rates when urbanized lands exceeded 15 % of the tributary catchment area. Yellow-phase eel condition was not affected by parasite infection. The invasion of the entire Hudson River watershed is ongoing and therefore will continue to be a management concern. Further analysis of the parasite-host interaction in North America is warranted. C1 [Machut, L. S.; Limburg, K. E.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Machut, LS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM lmachut@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAR 3 PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.3354/dao01901 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 281FD UT WOS:000254481400005 PM 18429440 ER PT J AU Thullen, JS Nelson, SM Cade, BS Sartoris, JJ AF Thullen, Joan S. Nelson, S. Mark Cade, Brian S. Sartoris, James J. TI Macrophyte decomposition in a surface-flow ammonia-dominated constructed wetland: Rates associated with environmental and biotic variables SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE treatment wetland sustainability; wetland plant management; aquatic plant decomposition; aquatic macroinvertebrates; Schoenoplectus spp.; water quality; Glyptoteridipes sp. ID WASTE-WATER-TREATMENT; LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; FRESH-WATER; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; EMERGENT MACROPHYTES; QUANTILE REGRESSION; AQUATIC ANGIOSPERMS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; RIVER-FLOODPLAIN; VEGETATION AB Decomposition of senesced culm material of two bulrush species was studied in a surface-flow ammonia-dominated treatment wetland in southern California. Decomposition of the submerged culm material during summer months was relatively rapid (k = 0.037 day(-1)), but slowed under extended submergence (up to 245 days) and during fall and spring sampling periods (k = 0.009-0.014 day(-1)). Stepwise regression of seasonal data indicated that final water temperature and abundance of the culm-mining midge, Glyptotendipes, were significantly associated with culm decomposition. Glyptotendipes abundance, in turn, was correlated with water quality parameters such as conductivity and dissolved oxygen and ammonia concentrations. No differences were detected in decomposition rates between the bulrush species, Schoenoplectus californicus and Schoenoplectus acutus. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thullen, Joan S.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Nelson, S. Mark] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Cade, Brian S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Thullen, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bur Reclamat, Bldg 67,Room 152,6th Ave Kipling,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM joan-thullen@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD MAR 3 PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.12.003 PG 10 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 276LS UT WOS:000254144100011 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW AF Griffin, Dale W. TI Non-spore forming eubacteria isolated at an altitude of 20,000 m in Earth's atmosphere: extended incubation periods needed for culture-based assays SO AEROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE atmosphere; bacteria; high altitude; microbiology; NASA; USGS ID DESERT DUST; AIR SAMPLES; MICROORGANISMS; ULTRAVIOLET; MICROPOPULATION; RESISTANCE; OCEAN AB On 13 August 2004, an atmospheric sample was collected at an altitude of 20,000 m along a west to east transect over the continental United States by NASA's Stratospheric and Cosmic Dust Program. This sample was then shipped to the US Geological Survey's Global Desert Dust program for microbiological analyses. This sample, which was plated on a low nutrient agar to determine if cultivable microorganisms were present, produced 590 small yellow to off-white colonies after approximately 7 weeks of incubation at room-temperature. Of 50 colonies selected for identification using 16S rRNA sequencing, 41 belonged to the family Micrococcaceae, seven to the family Microbacteriaceae, one to the genus Staphylococcus, and one to the genus Brevibacterium. All of the isolates identified were non-spore-forming pigmented bacteria, and their presence in this sample illustrate that it is not unusual to recover viable microbes at extreme altitudes. Additionally, the extended period required to initiate growth demonstrates the need for lengthy incubation periods when analyzing high-altitude samples for cultivable microorganisms. C1 Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, United States Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, United States Geol Survey, 2010 Levy Ave,Suite 100, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM dgriffin@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-5965 J9 AEROBIOLOGIA JI Aerobiologia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10453-007-9078-7 PG 7 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 275QI UT WOS:000254086300004 ER PT J AU Schultzt, MM Furlong, ET AF Schultzt, Melissa M. Furlong, Edward T. TI Trace analysis of antidepressant pharmaceuticals and their select degradates in aquatic matrixes by LC/ESI/MS/MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; EFFLUENT-DOMINATED STREAM; WASTE-WATER; FLUOXETINE; CONTAMINANTS; FISH AB Treated wastewater effluent is a potential environmental point source for antidepressant pharmaceuticals. A quantitative method was developed for the determination of trace levels of antidepressants in environmental aquatic matrixes using solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries of parent antidepressants from matrix spiking experiments for the individual antidepressants ranged from 72 to 118% at low concentrations (0.5 ng/L) and 70 to 118% at high concentrations (100 ng/L) for the solid-phase extraction method. Method detection limits for the individual antidepressant compounds ranged from 0.19 to 0.45 ng/L. The method was applied to wastewater effluent and samples collected from a wastewater-dominated stream. Venlafaxine was the predominant antidepressant observed in wastewater and river water samples. Individual antidepressant concentrations found in the wastewater effluent ranged from 3 (duloxetine) to 2190 ng/L (venlafaxine), whereas individual concentrations in the waste-dominated stream ranged from 0.72 (norfluoxetine) to 1310 ng/L (venlafaxine). C1 [Schultzt, Melissa M.; Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Methods Res & Dev Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Furlong, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Methods Res & Dev Program, POB 25046,MS 407, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM efurlong@usgs.gov RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 26 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 8 U2 78 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1756 EP 1762 DI 10.1021/ac702154e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 268EG UT WOS:000253560900060 PM 18229944 ER PT J AU Gustin, MS Kolker, A Gardfeldt, K AF Gustin, Mae Sexauer Kolker, Allan Gardfeldt, Katarina TI Transport and fate of mercury in the environment SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gustin, Mae Sexauer] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kolker, Allan] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Gardfeldt, Katarina] Chalmers & Goteborg Univ, GMV Ctr Environm & Sustainabil, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Gustin, MS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM msg@unr.nevada.edu; akolker@usgs.gov; katarina@chem.gu.se OI /0000-0002-5161-9597 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 343 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.ipgeocheni.2007.12.005 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289ID UT WOS:000255047300001 ER PT J AU Nelson, SJ Johnson, KB Weathers, KC Loftin, CS Fernandez, IJ Kahl, JS Krabbenhoft, DP AF Nelson, Sarah J. Johnson, Kenneth B. Weathers, Kathleen C. Loftin, Cynthia S. Fernandez, Ivan J. Kahl, Jeffrey S. Krabbenhoft, David P. TI A comparison of winter mercury accumulation at forested and no-canopy sites measured with different snow sampling techniques SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse ID ACADIA NATIONAL-PARK; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; DEPOSITION; USA; MAINE; WATERSHEDS AB Atmospheric mercury (Hg) is delivered to ecosystems via rain, snow, cloud/fog, and dry deposition. The importance of snow, especially snow that has passed through the forest canopy (throughfall), in delivering Hg to terrestrial ecosystems has received little attention in the literature. The snowpack is a dynamic system that links atmospheric deposition and ecosystem cycling through deposition and emission of deposited Hg. To examine the magnitude of Hg delivery via snowfall, and to illuminate processes affecting Hg flux to catchments during winter (cold season), Hg in snow in no-canopy areas and under forest canopies measured with four collection methods were compared: (1) Hg in wet precipitation as measured by the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) for the site in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA, (2) event throughfall (collected after snowfall cessation for accumulations of > 8 cm), (3) season-long throughfall collected using the same apparatus for event sampling but deployed for the entire cold season, and (4) snowpack sampling. Estimates (mean SE) of Hg deposition using these methods during the 91-day cold season in 2004-2005 at conifer sites showed that season-long throughfall Hg flux (1.80 mu g/m(2)) < snowpack Hg (2.38 +/- 0.68 mu g/m(2)) < event throughfall flux (5.63 +/- 0.38 mu g/m(2)). Mercury deposition at the MDN site (0.91 mu g/m(2)) was similar to that measured at other no-canopy sites in the area using the other methods, but was 3.4 times less than was measured under conifer canopies using the event sampling regime. This indicates that snow accumulated under the forest canopy received Hg from the overstory or exhibited less re-emission of Hg deposited in snow relative to open areas. The soil surface of field-scale plots were sprayed with a natural rain water sample that contained an Hg tracer ((202) Hg)just prior to the first snowfall to explore whether some snowpack Hg might be explained from soil emissions. The appearance of the Hg-202 tracer in the snowpack (0-64% of the total Hg mass in the snowpack) suggests that movement of Hg from the soil into the snowpack is possible. However, as with any tracer study the 202 Hg tracer may not precisely represent the reactivity and mobility of natural Hg in soils. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nelson, Sarah J.; Johnson, Kenneth B.] Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Weathers, Kathleen C.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Loftin, Cynthia S.] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Fernandez, Ivan J.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kahl, Jeffrey S.] Plymouth State Univ, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Nelson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Senator George J Mitchell Ctr Environm & Watershe, 5710 Norman Smith Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM sarah.nelson@umit.maine.edu NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 384 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.009 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289ID UT WOS:000255047300005 ER PT J AU Engle, MA Tate, MT Krabbenhoft, DP Kolker, A Olson, ML Edgerton, ES DeWild, JF McPherson, AK AF Engle, Mark A. Tate, Michael T. Krabbenhoft, David P. Kolker, Allan Olson, Mark L. Edgerton, Eric S. DeWild, John F. McPherson, Ann K. TI Characterization and cycling of atmospheric mercury along the central US Gulf Coast SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse ID PARTICULATE-PHASE MERCURY; REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; DRY-DEPOSITION; INITIATED REACTIONS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; SPECIATED MERCURY; URBAN AIR; EMISSIONS; BIOACCUMULATION AB Concentrations of atmospheric Hg species, elemental Hg (Hg degrees), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and fine particulate Hg (Hg-PM2.5) were measured at a coastal site near Weeks Bay, Alabama from April to August, 2005 and January to May, 2006. Mean concentrat ions of the species were 1.6 +/- 0.3 ng m(-3), 4.0 +/- 7.5 Pg m(-3) and 2.7 +/- 3.4 pg m(-3), respectively. A strong diel pattern was observed for RGM (midday maximum concentrations were up to 92.7 pg m(-3)), but not for Hg degrees or Hg-PM2.5. Elevated RGM concentrations (>25 pg m-3) in April and May of 2005 correlated with elevated average daytime 03 concentrations (> 55 ppbv) and high light intensity (> 500 W m(-2)). These conditions generally corresponded with mixed continental-Gulf and exclusively continental air mass trajectories. Generally lower, but still elevated, RGM peaks observed in August, 2005 and January-March, 2006 correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with peaks in SO2 concentration and corresponded to periods of high light intensity and lower average daytime 03 concentrations. During these times air masses were dominated by trajectories that originated over the continent. Elevated RGM concentrations likely resulted from photochemical oxidation of Hg degrees by atmospheric oxidants. This process may have been enhanced in and by the near-shore environment relative to inland sites. The marine boundary layer itself was not found to be a significant source of RGM. Size segregation determination, using a limited dataset from two different methods, suggested that a significant fraction of particulate Hg was bound to coarse particles (> 2.5 pm). A potential source of the large fraction of coarse particulate Hg in the study area is sequestration of RGM within sea salt aerosols. The presence of rapidly depositing RGM and coarse particulate Hg may be important sources of Hg input along the Gulf Coast. However, the impact of these species oil deposition rates is yet to be determined. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Engle, Mark A.; Kolker, Allan] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tate, Michael T.; Krabbenhoft, David P.; Olson, Mark L.; DeWild, John F.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. [Edgerton, Eric S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [McPherson, Ann K.] US Geol Survey, Alabama Water Sci Ctr, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Engle, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM engle@usgs.gov OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 NR 65 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 419 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.apgeocliem2007.12.024 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289ID UT WOS:000255047300008 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Andraski, BJ Krabbenhoft, DP Striegl, RG AF Walvoord, Michelle A. Andraski, Brian J. Krabbenhoft, David P. Striegl, Robert G. TI Transport of elemental mercury in the unsaturated zone from a waste disposal site in an and region SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse ID SOIL; TEMPERATURE; MOVEMENT; DESERT; VAPOR; AIR AB Mercury contained in buried landfill waste may be released via upward emission to the atmosphere or downward leaching to groundwater. Data from the US Geological Survey's Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in and southwestern Nevada reveal another potential pathway of Hg release: long-distance (10(2) m) lateral migration of elemental Hg (He) through the unsaturated zone. Gas collected from multiple depths from two instrumented boreholes that sample the entire 110-m unsaturated zone thickness and are located 100 and 160 in away from the closest waste burial trench exhibit gaseous Hg concentrati ons of up to 33 and 11 ng m(-3), respectively. The vertical distribution of gaseous Hg in the borehole closest to the disposal site shows distinct subsurface peaks in concentration at depths of 1.5 and 24 in that cannot be explained by radial diffusive transport through a heterogeneous layered unsaturated zone. The inability of current models to explain gaseous Hg distribution at the ADRS highlights the need to advance the understanding of gas-phase contaminant transport in unsaturated zones to attain a comprehensive model of landfill Hg release. C1 [Walvoord, Michelle A.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Andraski, Brian J.] US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM walvoord@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 572 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.014 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289ID UT WOS:000255047300018 ER PT J AU Hupp, JW Schmutz, JA Ely, CR AF Hupp, Jerry W. Schmutz, Joel A. Ely, Craig R. TI The annual migration cycle of emperor geese in western Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Alaska peninsula; Aleutian islands; Chen canagica; emperor geese; migration; satellite telemetry; Yukon-Kuskokwim; Delta ID CANADA GEESE; BODY-COMPOSITION; SNOW GEESE; RADIOTRANSMITTERS; REPRODUCTION; WATERFOWL; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; ANTENNAS; BRANT C1 [Hupp, Jerry W.; Schmutz, Joel A.; Ely, Craig R.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Hupp, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jhupp@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 16 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD MAR PY 2008 VL 61 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 283TA UT WOS:000254658200003 ER PT J AU Cruz, A Prather, JW Wiley, JW Weaver, PF AF Cruz, Alexander Prather, John W. Wiley, James W. Weaver, Pablo F. TI Egg rejection behavior in a population exposed to parasitism: Village Weavers on Hispaniola SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE egg rejection behavior; Hispaniola; Molothrus bonariensis; Ploceus cucullatus; shiny cowbird; village weaver ID AVIAN BROOD PARASITISM; REED WARBLERS; CUCKOO PARASITISM; CUCULUS-CANORUS; PLOCEUS-CUCULLATUS; HOST DEFENSES; CO-EVOLUTION; RECOGNITION; DISCRIMINATION; MECHANISMS AB In contrast to African Village Weavers (Ploceus cucullatus) that are parasitized by Diederik Cuckoos (Chrysococcyx caprius), introduced weavers on Hispaniola existed without parasitism for at least 2 centuries until the arrival of the Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) in the 1970s. Cruz and Wiley (1989) found that Hispaniolan weavers had a lower rejection rate of foreign eggs than African populations. Subsequently, Robert and Sorci (1999) and Lahti (2005, 2006) found that acceptance of dissimilar eggs is not characteristic of the species throughout its Hispaniolan range. In 1999-2002, we studied egg rejection in Hispaniolan weavers on a broad regional scale. Rejection increased as experimental eggs became increasingly different from the host eggs. Rejection rates for mimetic eggs, different color eggs, different-spotting eggs, and cowbird eggs was 23.2%, 33.3%, 61.5%, and 85.3%, respectively, with higher rejection of cowbird eggs in areas where cowbirds were observed. Although rejection is likely to have a genetic component, the differences could be due to phenotypic plasticity. Plasticity in egg rejection may be expected, given the potential cost of rejection and the spatiotemporal distribution of cowbirds. Thus, egg rejection has not necessarily decreased in Hispaniolan weavers, but it may act in a plastic manner, increasing where cowbirds are present. C1 [Cruz, Alexander; Weaver, Pablo F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wiley, James W.] Maryland Eastern Shore Univ, US Geol Survey, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Cruz, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alexander.cruz@colorado.edu NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 EI 1465-7279 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 398 EP 403 DI 10.1093/beheco/arm147 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274OE UT WOS:000254009800023 ER PT J AU Heaton, JS Nussear, KE Esque, TC Inman, RD Davenport, FM Leuteritz, TE Medica, PA Strout, NW Burgess, PA Benvenuti, L AF Heaton, Jill S. Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. Inman, Richard D. Davenport, Frank M. Leuteritz, Thomas E. Medica, Philip A. Strout, Nathan W. Burgess, Paul A. Benvenuti, Lisa TI Spatially explicit decision support for selecting translocation areas for Mojave desert tortoises SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation and management; DSS; Geographic Information Systems; GIS; Gopherus agassizii; mitigation; National Training Center at Fort Irwin; threatened species ID GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; FUZZY-LOGIC; FOREST; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; SYSTEM; MODEL; US AB Spatially explicit decision support systems are assuming an increasing role in natural resource and conservation management. In order for these systems to be successful, however, they must address real-world management problems with input from both the scientific and management communities. The National Training Center at Fort Irwin, California, has expanded its training area, encroaching U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service critical habitat set aside for the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), a federally threatened species. Of all the mitigation measures proposed to offset expansion, the most challenging to implement was the selection of areas most feasible for tortoise translocation. We developed an objective, open, scientifically defensible spatially explicit decision support system to evaluate translocation potential within the Western Mojave Recovery Unit for tortoise populations under imminent threat from military expansion. Using up to a total of 10 biological, anthropogenic, and/or logistical criteria, seven alternative translocation scenarios were developed. The final translocation model was a consensus model between the seven scenarios. Within the final model, six potential translocation areas were identified. C1 [Nussear, Kenneth E.; Esque, Todd C.; Medica, Philip A.] US Geol Survey, W Ecol Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Heaton, Jill S.; Davenport, Frank M.; Leuteritz, Thomas E.; Strout, Nathan W.; Burgess, Paul A.; Benvenuti, Lisa] Univ Redlands, Redlands Inst, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. [Inman, Richard D.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Heaton, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, MS 154,1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jheaton@unr.edu NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 575 EP 590 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9282-3 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263DR UT WOS:000253198300009 ER PT J AU Page, BD Bullen, TD Mitchell, MJ AF Page, Blair D. Bullen, Thomas D. Mitchell, Myron J. TI Influences of calcium availability and tree species on Ca isotope fractionation in soil and vegetation SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE calcium; delta(44)Ca; fractionation; isotope; soil; vegetation ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NEW-YORK-STATE; BASE-CATION; HUBBARD-BROOK; SUGAR MAPLE; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; SPRUCE FOREST; UNITED-STATES AB The calcium (Ca) isotope system is potentially of great use for understanding biogeochemical processes at multiple scales in forest ecosystems, yet remains largely unexplored for this purpose. In order to further our understanding of Ca behavior in forests, we examined two nearly adjacent hardwood-dominated catchments with differing soil Ca concentrations, developed from crystalline bedrock, to determine the variability of (44)Ca/(40)Ca ratios (expressed as delta(44)Ca) within soil and vegetation pools. For both sugar maple and American beech, the Ca isotope compositions of the measured roots and calculated bulk trees were considerably lighter than those of soil pools at these sites, suggesting that the trees were able to preferentially take up light Ca at the root-soil interface. The Ca isotope compositions of three of four root samples were among the lightest values yet reported for terrestrial materials (delta(44)Ca <=-3.95 parts per thousand). Our results further indicate that Ca isotopes were fractionated along the transpiration streams of both tree species with roots having the least delta(44)Ca values and leaf litter the greatest. An approximately 2 parts per thousand difference in delta(44)Ca values between roots and leaf litter of both tree species suggests a persistent fractionation mechanism along the transpiration stream, likely related to Ca binding in wood tissue coupled with internal ion exchange. Finally, our data indicate that differing tree species demand for Ca and soil Ca concentrations together may influence Ca isotope distribution within the trees. Inter-catchment differences in Ca isotope distributions in soils and trees were minor, indicating that the results of our study may have broad transferability to studies of forest ecosystems in catchments developed on crystalline substrates elsewhere. C1 [Page, Blair D.; Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Bullen, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Page, BD (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM bdpage1@yahoo.com; tdbullen@usgs.gov; mitchell@syr.edu NR 54 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9188-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 306QT UT WOS:000256263600001 ER PT J AU Smith, TE Laursen, AE Deacon, JR AF Smith, Thor E. Laursen, Andrew E. Deacon, Jeffrey R. TI Nitrogen attenuation in the Connecticut River, northeastern USA; a comparison of mass balance and N-2 production modeling approaches SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; denitrification; mass balance; Connecticut River ID WHOLE-REACH SCALE; GAS-EXCHANGE; UNITED-STATES; DENITRIFICATION; STREAM; GROUNDWATER; RETENTION; SEDIMENTS; UPLAND AB Two methods were used to measure in-stream nitrogen loss in the Connecticut River during studies conducted in April and August 2005. A mass balance on nitrogen inputs and output for two study reaches (55 and 66 km), at spring high flow and at summer low flow, was computed on the basis of total nitrogen concentrations and measured river discharges in the Connecticut River and its tributaries. In a 10.3 km subreach of the northern 66 km reach, concentrations of dissolved N-2 were also measured during summer low flow and compared to modeled N-2 concentrations (based on temperature and atmospheric gas exchange rates) to determine the measured "excess" N-2 that indicates denitrification. Mass balance results showed no in-stream nitrogen loss in either reach during April 2005, and no nitrogen loss in the southern 55 km study reach during August 2005. In the northern 66 km reach during August 2005, however, nitrogen output was 18% less than the total nitrogen inputs to the reach. N-2 sampling results gave an estimated rate of N-2 production that would remove 3.3% of the nitrogen load in the river over the 10.3 km northern sub-reach. The nitrogen losses measured in the northern reach in August 2005 may represent an approximate upper limit for nitrogen attenuation in the Connecticut River because denitrification processes are most active during warm summer temperatures and because the study was performed during the annual low-flow period when total nitrogen loads are small. C1 [Smith, Thor E.; Deacon, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Laursen, Andrew E.] Ryerson Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada. RP Smith, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 361 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM tesmith@usgs.gov; alaursen@ryerson.ca NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 3 BP 311 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9186-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 279MX UT WOS:000254360400007 ER PT J AU Howard, RJ Travis, SE Sikes, BA AF Howard, Rebecca J. Travis, Steven E. Sikes, Benjamin A. TI Rapid growth of a Eurasian haplotype of Phragmites australis in a restored brackish marsh in Louisiana, USA SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE AFLP; clonal growth; competitive ability; genetic analysis; genotypic variation; invasive haplotype; Phragmites australis; polymerase chain reaction; restored wetland ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; ENGLAND SALT MARSHES; COMMON REED; PLANT INVASIONS; TIDAL MARSHES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ISOZYME VARIATION; CRYPTIC INVASION; NORTH-AMERICA; COASTAL MARSH AB While numerous studies have documented patterns of invasion by non-indigenous plant species, few have considered the invasive properties of non-native genotypes of native species. Characteristics associated with specific genotypes, such as tolerance to disturbance, may mistakenly be applied to an entire species in the absence of genetic information, which consequently may affect management decisions. We report here on the incidence and growth of an introduced lineage of Phragmites australis in the Gulf of Mexico coastal zone of Louisiana. P. australis was collected from nine separate locations for inclusion in a series of growth experiments. Chloroplast DNA analysis indicated that specimens collected from four locations in the Mississippi River Delta represented the introduced Eurasian haplotype; the remainder represented the gulf coast haplotype. Three distinct genotypes, or clones, were identified within each haplotype via analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphisms, which also revealed reduced genetic diversity of the gulf coast clones compared to the Eurasian clones. Clones of each haplotype were planted along with three other native macrophytes at similar densities in a restored brackish marsh and monitored for growth. After 14 months, the Eurasian haplotype had spread vegetatively to cover about 82% of the experimental plots, more than four times the coverage (18%) of the gulf coast haplotype. Thus, the use of P. australis plantings for wetland restoration should consider the genetic lineage of plants used since our results indicate the potential of the Eurasian haplotype to grow rapidly at newly restored sites. This rapid growth may limit the establishment of more slowly growing native species. C1 [Howard, Rebecca J.; Travis, Steven E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Sikes, Benjamin A.] IAP World Serv, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Howard, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM rebecca_howard@usgs.gov OI Sikes, Benjamin/0000-0003-0774-2624 NR 67 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9136-7 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263DT UT WOS:000253198500010 ER PT J AU Graham, J Simpson, A Crall, A Jarnevich, C Newman, G Stohlgren, TJ AF Graham, Jim Simpson, Annie Crall, Alycia Jarnevich, Catherine Newman, Greg Stohlgren, Thomas J. TI Vision of a cyberinfrastructure for nonnative, invasive species management SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cyberinfrastructure; invasive species; information management; Internet; database ID UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; SCIENCES; SYSTEM AB Although the quantity of data on the location, status, and management of invasive species is ever increasing, invasive species data sets are often difficult to obtain and integrate. A cyberinfrastructure for such information could make these data available for Internet users. The data can be used to create regional watch lists, to send e-mail alerts when a new species enters a region, to construct models of species, current and future distributions, and to inform management. Although the exchange of enviromnental data over the Internet in the form of raster data is maturing, and the exchange of species occurrence data is developing quickly, there is room for improvement. In this article, we present a vision for a comprehensive invasive species cyberinfrastructure that is capable of accessing data effectively, creating models of invasive species spread, and distributing this information. C1 [Graham, Jim; Crall, Alycia; Newman, Greg] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Simpson, Annie] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas J.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Graham, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jim@urel.colostate.edu RI Graham, Jim/F-4195-2011; Newman, Greg/E-1540-2015; OI Simpson, Annie/0000-0001-8338-5134 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1641/13580312 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 275KQ UT WOS:000254070700012 ER PT J AU Keith, K Berry, KH Weigand, JF AF Keith, Kevin Berry, Kristin H. Weigand, James F. TI When desert tortoises are rare: Testing a new protocol for assessing status SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; MYCOPLASMA-AGASSIZII; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; USA; POPULATIONS; PLANTS; ALIEN AB We developed and tested a new protocol for sampling populations of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, a state- and federally listed species, in areas where population densities are very low, historical data are sparse, and anthropogenic uses may threaten the well-being of tortoise populations and habitat. We conducted a 3-year (2002-2004) survey in Jawbone-Butterbredt Area of Critical Environmental Concern and Red Rock Canyon State Park in the western Mojave Desert of California where the status was previously unknown. We stratified the study area and used 751, 1-ha plots to evaluate 187.7 km(2) of habitat, a 4% sample. Tortoise sign was found on 31 of the 751 plots (4.1%) in two limited areas: similar to 14 km(2) on the Kiavah Apron and similar to 40 km(2) in the Red Rock Canyon watershed. Density estimates for adults were <9 tortoises/km(2) for each of the two areas and were lower (0.4 tortoises/km2)elsewhere in the study area. An estimated 72 adult tortoises (95% CI =15-210) live in the entire study area. Five live and nine dead tortoises were found, as well as 62 cover sites,136 scats, and other sign. The data were insufficient for establishing a baseline for future population monitoring, but the protocol was suitable for locating clusters of tortoise sign, which could be the focus of future surveys. We coupled the data for tortoises with data on historical and current anthropogenic uses to interpret potential population trends and existing risks. The study area has been an important transportation corridor for people and grazed by livestock since the mid-1800s. Tortoise sign was found in areas with significantly lower impacts from livestock or off-highway vehicles than elsewhere. Land managers must often make decisions about threatened and endangered species based on limited data. Our protocol and synthesis of current population status, historical land uses, and current impacts offer a new approach that may be useful for other species. C1 [Keith, Kevin; Berry, Kristin H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. [Weigand, James F.] US Bur Land Management, Calif State Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Keith, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 22835 Calle San Juan de Los Logos, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2008 VL 94 IS 2 BP 75 EP 97 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 340ZB UT WOS:000258682400002 ER PT J AU Berry, KH Keith, K Bailey, T AF Berry, Kristin H. Keith, Kevin Bailey, Tracy TI Status of the desert tortoise in Red Rock Canyon State Park SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; MYCOPLASMA-AGASSIZII; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AB We surveyed for desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, in the western part of Red Rock Canyon State Park and watershed in eastern Kern County, California, between 2002 and 2004. We used two techniques: a single demographic plot (similar to 4 km(2)) and 37 landscape plots (1-ha each). We estimated population densities of tortoises to be between 2.7 and 3.57/km(2) and the population in the Park to be 108 tortoises. We estimated the death rate at 67% for subadults and adults during the last 4 yrs. Mortality was high for several reasons: gunshot deaths, avian predation, mammalian predation, and probably disease. Historic and recent anthropogenic impacts from State Highway 14, secondary roads, trash, cross-country vehicle tracks, and livestock have contributed to elevated death rates and degradation of habitat. We propose conservation actions to reduce mortality. C1 [Berry, Kristin H.; Keith, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Box Springs Field Stn, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. RP Berry, KH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Box Springs Field Stn, 22835 Calle San Juan de Los Lagos, Moreno Valley, CA 92553 USA. EM kristin_berry@usgs.gov FU Department of Parks and Recreation for the State of California; U.S.Geological Survey FX We thank A. Muth and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments, and M. Sherman, M. Champol, M. Ruelle, H. McAllister, S. Barga, and J. Weigand for field work. M. Faull was a valued source of historical information about the region and Park history; W. Chambers and N. Stephens gathered historical data on land uses. R. Woodward, M. Faull, J. Weigand, K. Phillips, and R. Jones provided advice and comments on the manuscript and J. Yee on statistics. The demographic plot and landscape surveys were funded in part by the Department of Parks and Recreation for the State of California and BLM with support from the U.S.Geological Survey. Permits to handle desert tortoises were from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and California Dept. of Fish and Game to K. H. Berry. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2008 VL 94 IS 2 BP 98 EP 118 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 340ZB UT WOS:000258682400003 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Chipman, BD Marsden, JE AF Madenjian, Charles P. Chipman, Brian D. Marsden, J. Ellen TI New estimates of lethality of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) attacks on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): implications for fisheries management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; PARASITIC-PHASE; FOOD-WEB; ONTARIO; PREDATION; COMMUNITY; SURVIVAL; MODEL; CONSUMPTION; DYNAMICS AB Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in North America costs millions of dollars each year, and control measures are guided by assessment of lamprey-induced damage to fisheries. The favored prey of sea lamprey in freshwater ecosystems has been lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). A key parameter in assessing sea lamprey damage, as well as managing lake trout fisheries, is the probability of an adult lake trout surviving a lamprey attack. The conventional value for this parameter has been 0.55, based on laboratory experiments. In contrast, based on catch curve analysis, mark-recapture techniques, and observed wounding rates, we estimated that adult lake trout in Lake Champlain have a 0.74 probability of surviving a lamprey attack. Although sea lamprey growth in Lake Champlain was lower than that observed in Lake Huron, application of an individual-based model to both lakes indicated that the probability of surviving an attack in Lake Champlain was only 1.1 times higher than that in Lake Huron. Thus, we estimated that lake trout survive a lamprey attack in Lake Huron with a probability of 0.66. Therefore, our results suggested that lethality of a sea lamprey attack on lake trout has been overestimated in previous model applications used in fisheries management. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Chipman, Brian D.] Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Marsden, J. Ellen] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 11 U2 43 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1139/F07-187 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 271FT UT WOS:000253775000018 ER PT J AU Reid, JW Hudson, PL AF Reid, Janet W. Hudson, Patrick L. TI Comment on "Rate of species introductions in the Great Lakes via ships' ballast water and sediments" SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; COPEPODA; CRUSTACEA; CYCLOPOIDA; COMPLEX; RECORD AB The four species of freshwater copepod crustaceans found in ballast water or sediments in ships and characterized as "nonindigenous" to the Laurentian Great Lakes region by Drake and Lodge (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 64: 530-538 (2007)) are all widespread, North American natives. Drake and Lodge's use of these native species to estimate the size of the "source pool" of the richness of potential invasive species resulted in an overestimation of its size. We list the fresh- and brackish-water species of copepods found in or on ships in the Great Lakes and discuss taxonomic and other questions pertaining to some of them. We suggest that Skistodiaptomus pallidus, Cyclops strenuus, Salmincola lotae, Nitokra incerta, and Onychocamptus mohammed be removed from the current list of nonindigenous copepod and branchiuran species established in the Great Lakes system, leaving seven species: Eurytemora affinis, Megacyclops viridis, Neoergasilus japonicus, Heteropsyllus nunni, Nitokra hibernica, Schizopera borutzkyi, and Argulus japonicus. C1 [Reid, Janet W.] Virginia Museum Nat Hist, Martinsville, VA 24112 USA. [Hudson, Patrick L.] USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Reid, JW (reprint author), JWR Associates, 1100 Cherokee Court, Martinsville, VA 24112 USA. EM jwrassociates@sitestar.net NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 549 EP 553 DI 10.1139/F08-018 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 271FT UT WOS:000253775000020 ER PT J AU Bentzen, TW Follmann, EH Amstrup, SC York, GS Wooller, MJ Muir, DCG O'Hara, TM AF Bentzen, T. W. Follmann, E. H. Amstrup, S. C. York, G. S. Wooller, M. J. Muir, D. C. G. O'Hara, T. M. TI Dietary biomagnification of organochlorine contaminants in Alaskan polar bears SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON CONTAMINANTS; WHALES BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; RINGED SEALS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; EAST GREENLAND; BOWHEAD WHALES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; NITROGEN-ISOTOPE AB Concentrations of organochlorine contaminants in the adipose tissue of polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) vary throughout the Arctic. The range in concentrations has not been explained fully by bear age, sex, condition, location, or reproductive status. Dietary pathways expose polar bears to a variety of contaminant profiles and concentrations. Prey range from lower trophic level bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus L., 1758), one of the least contaminated marine mammals, to highly contaminated upper trophic level ringed seals (Phoca hispida (Schreber, 1775)). We used delta N-15 and delta C-13 signatures to estimate the trophic status of 42 polar bears sampled along Alaska's Beaufort Sea coast to determine the relationship between organochlorine concentration and trophic level. The delta N-15 values in the cellular portions of blood ranged from 18.2 parts per thousand to 20.7 parts per thousand. We found strong positive relationships between concentrations of the most recalcitrant polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and delta N-15 values in models incorporating age, lipid content, and VC value. Specifically these models accounted for 67% and 76% of the variation in PCB153 and oxychlordane concentration in male polar bears and 85% and 93% in females, respectively. These results are strong indicators of variation in diet and biomagnification of organochlorines among polar bears related to their sex, age, and trophic position. C1 [Bentzen, T. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Follmann, E. H.; O'Hara, T. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Amstrup, S. C.; York, G. S.] Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Wooller, M. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Muir, D. C. G.] Environm Canada, Natl Lab Environm Testing, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Bentzen, TW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fstwb@uaf.edu OI Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776; Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 NR 83 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 86 IS 3 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1139/Z07-124 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 281TU UT WOS:000254522600004 ER PT J AU Cayan, DR Bromirski, PD Hayhoe, K Tyree, M Dettinger, MD Flick, RE AF Cayan, Daniel R. Bromirski, Peter D. Hayhoe, Katharine Tyree, Mary Dettinger, Michael D. Flick, Reinhard E. TI Climate change projections of sea level extremes along the California coast SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID RISE; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; ENIGMA AB California's coastal observations and global model projections indicate that California's open coast and estuaries will experience rising sea levels over the next century. During the last several decades, the upward historical trends, quantified from a small set of California tide gages, have been approximately 20 cm/century, quite similar to that estimated for global mean sea level. In the next several decades, warming produced by climate model simulations indicates that sea level rise (SLR) could substantially exceed the rate experienced during modem human development along the California coast and estuaries. A range of future SLR is estimated from a set of climate simulations governed by lower (B1), middle-upper (A2), and higher (A1fi) GHG emission scenarios. Projecting SLR from the ocean warming in GCMs, observational evidence of SLR, and separate calculations using a simple climate model yields a range of potential sea level increases, from 11 to 72 cm, by the 2070-2099 period. The combination of predicted astronomical tides with projected weather forcing, El Nino related variability, and secular SLR, gives a series of hourly sea level projections for 2005-2100. Gradual sea level rise progressively worsens the impacts of high tides, surge and waves resulting from storms, and also freshwater floods from Sierra and coastal mountain catchments. The occurrence of extreme sea levels is pronounced when these factors coincide. The frequency and magnitude of extreme events, relative to current levels, follows a sharply escalating pattern as the magnitude of future sea level rise increases. C1 [Cayan, Daniel R.; Bromirski, Peter D.; Tyree, Mary; Dettinger, Michael D.; Flick, Reinhard E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, La Jolla, CA USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Flick, Reinhard E.] Calif Dept Boating & Waterways, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dcayan@ucsd.edu NR 31 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 SU 1 BP S57 EP S73 DI 10.1007/s10584-007-9376-7 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288LJ UT WOS:000254987600005 ER PT J AU Cayan, DR Maurer, EP Dettinger, MD Tyree, M Hayhoe, K AF Cayan, Daniel R. Maurer, Edwin P. Dettinger, Michael D. Tyree, Mary Hayhoe, Katharine TI Climate change scenarios for the California region SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; JOAQUIN RIVER-BASIN; WATER-RESOURCES; UNITED-STATES; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; SURFACE; 20TH-CENTURY; SIMULATION; IMPACTS AB To investigate possible future climate changes in California, a set of climate change model simulations was selected and evaluated. From the IPCC Fourth Assessment, simulations of twenty-first century climates under a B1 (low emissions) and an A2 (a medium-high emissions) emissions scenarios were evaluated, along with occasional comparisons to the A1fi (high emissions) scenario. The climate models whose simulations were the focus of the present study were from the Parallel Climate Model (PCM1) from NCAR and DOE, and the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory CM2.1 model (GFDL). These emission scenarios and attendant climate simulations are not "predictions," but rather are a purposely diverse set of examples from among the many plausible climate sequences that might affect California in the next century. Temperatures over California warm significantly during the twenty-first century in each simulation, with end-of-century temperature increases from approximately +1.5 degrees C under the lower emissions B1 scenario in the less responsive PCM1 to +4.5 degrees C in the higher emissions A2 scenario within the more responsive GFDL model. Three of the simulations (all except the B1 scenario in PCM1) exhibit more warming in summer than in winter. In all of the simulations, most precipitation continues to occur in winter. Relatively small (less than similar to 10%) changes in overall precipitation are projected. The California landscape is complex and requires that model information be parsed out onto finer scales than GCMs presently offer. When downscaled to its mountainous terrain, warming has a profound influence on California snow accumulations, with snow losses that increase with warming. Consequently, snow losses are most severe in projections by the more responsive model in response to the highest emissions. C1 [Cayan, Daniel R.; Dettinger, Michael D.; Tyree, Mary] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Maurer, Edwin P.] Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dcayan@ucsd.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X NR 49 TC 259 Z9 265 U1 9 U2 93 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 SU 1 BP S21 EP S42 DI 10.1007/s10584-007-9377-6 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288LJ UT WOS:000254987600003 ER PT J AU Cayan, DR Luers, AL Franco, G Hanemann, M Croes, B Vine, E AF Cayan, Daniel R. Luers, Amy L. Franco, Guido Hanemann, Michael Croes, Bart Vine, Edward TI Overview of the California climate change scenarios project SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article AB In response to an Executive Order by California Governor Schwarzenegger, an evaluation of the implications to California of possible climate changes was undertaken using a scenario-based approach. The "Scenarios Project" investigated projected impacts of climate change on six sectors in the California region. The investigation considered the early, middle and later portions of the twenty-first century, guided by a set of IPCC Fourth Assessment global climate model runs forced by higher and lower greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Each of these climate simulations produce substantial impacts in California that would require adaptations from present practices or status. The most severe impacts could be avoided, however, if emissions can be held near the lower end of global greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. C1 [Cayan, Daniel R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Luers, Amy L.] Union Concerned Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Franco, Guido] Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA USA. [Hanemann, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Croes, Bart] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Vine, Edward] Calif Inst Energy & Environm, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, US Geol Survey, 201 Nierenberg Hall, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dcayan@ucsd.edu NR 8 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2008 VL 87 SU 1 BP S1 EP S6 DI 10.1007/s10584-007-9352-2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288LJ UT WOS:000254987600001 ER PT J AU Nel-Themaat, L Gomez, MC Pope, CE Lopez, M Wirtu, G Jenkins, JA Cole, A Dresser, BL Bondioli, KR Godke, RA AF Nel-Themaat, Liesl Gomez, Martha C. Pope, C. Earle Lopez, Monica Wirtu, Gemechu Jenkins, Jill A. Cole, Alex Dresser, Betsy L. Bondioli, Kenneth R. Godke, Robert A. TI Cloned embryos from, semen. Part 2: Intergeneric nuclear transfer of semen-derived eland (Taurotragus oryx) epithelial cells into bovine oocytes SO CLONING AND STEM CELLS LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC-CELLS; CATTLE; ADULT; CLONING; ANTELOPE; CULTURE; CALVES; CYTOPLASM; PREGNANCY; DONOR AB The production of cloned offspring by nuclear transfer (NT) of semen-derived somatic cells holds considerable potential for the incorporation of novel genes into endangered species populations. Because oocytes from endangered species are scarce, domestic species oocytes are often used as cytoplasts for interspecies NT. In the present study, epithelial cells isolated from eland semen were used for intergeneric transfer (IgNT) into enucleated bovine oocytes and compared with bovine NT embryos. Cleavage rates of bovine NT and eland IgNT embryos were similar (80 vs. 83%, respectively; p > 0.05); however, development to the morula and blastocyst stage was higher for bovine NT embryos (38 and 21%, respectively; p < 0.0001), than for eland IgNT embryos (0.5 and 0%, respectively). DNA synthesis was not observed in either bovine NT or eland IgNT cybrids before activation, but in 75 and 70% of bovine NT and eland igNT embryos, respectively, cell-cycle resumption was observed at 16 h postactivation (hpa). Foreland IgNT embryos, 13% had >= 8 cells at 84 hpa, while 32% of the bovine NT embryos had >= 8 cells at the same interval. However, 100 and 66% of bovine NT and eland IgNT embryos, respectively, that had >= 8 cells synthesized DNA. From these results we concluded that (1) semen-derived epithelial cell nuclei can interact and be transcriptionally controlled by bovine cytoplast, (2) the first cell-cycle occurred in IgNT embryos, (3) a high frequency of developmental arrest occurs before the eight-cell stage in IgNT embryos, and (4) IgNT embryos that progress through the early cleavage stage arrest can (a) synthesize DNA, (b) progress through subsequent cell cycles, and (c) may have the potential to develop further. C1 [Nel-Themaat, Liesl; Bondioli, Kenneth R.; Godke, Robert A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Anim Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Nel-Themaat, Liesl; Gomez, Martha C.; Pope, C. Earle; Lopez, Monica; Wirtu, Gemechu; Cole, Alex; Dresser, Betsy L.] Audubon Ctr Res Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA USA. [Lopez, Monica; Dresser, Betsy L.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Wirtu, Gemechu] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Bondioli, KR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Anim Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kbondioli@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1536-2302 J9 CLONING STEM CELLS JI Cloning Stem Cells PD MAR PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1089/clo.2007.0069 PG 12 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 277PU UT WOS:000254228000013 PM 18241126 ER PT J AU Nilsson, PB Hollmen, TE Atkinson, S MashbUrn, KL Tuomi, PA Esler, D Mulcahy, DM Rizz, DJ AF Nilsson, Peter B. Hollmen, Tuula E. Atkinson, Shannon Mashburn, Kendall L. Tuomi, Pamela A. Esler, Daniel Mulcahy, Daniel M. Rizz, Daniel J. TI Effects of ACTH, capture, and short term confinement on glucocorticoid concentrations in harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACTH; adrenal function; corticosterone; glucocorticoids; harlequin duck; sea ducks; stress ID ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS GAMBELII; FLORIDA SANDHILL CRANES; LIFE-HISTORY STAGE; ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES; STRESS-RESPONSE; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; SERUM CORTICOSTERONE; COMMON EIDERS; SPHENISCUS-MAGELLANICUS; SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS AB Little is known about baseline concentrations of adrenal hormones and hormonal responses to stress in sea ducks, although significant population declines documented in several species suggest that sea ducks are exposed to increased levels of environmental stress. Such declines have been observed in geographically distinct harlequin duck populations. We performed an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge to evaluate adrenal function and characterize corticosterone concentrations in captive harlequin ducks and investigated the effects of capture, surgery, and short term confinement on corticosterone concentrations in wild harlequin ducks. Harlequin ducks responded to the ACTH challenge with an average three-fold increase in serum corticosterone concentration approximately 90 min post injection, and a four- to five-fold increase in fecal glucocorticoid concentration 2 to 4 h post injection. Serum corticosterone concentrations in wild harlequin ducks increased within min of capture and elevated levels were found for several hours post capture, indicating that surgery and confinement maintain elevated corticosterone concentrations in this species. Mean corticosterone concentrations in wild harlequin ducks held in temporary captivity were similar to the maximum response levels during the ACTH challenge in captive birds. However, large variation among individuals was observed in responses of wild birds, and we found additional evidence suggesting that corticosterone responses varied between hatch year and after hatch year birds. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Nilsson, Peter B.; Hollmen, Tuula E.; Atkinson, Shannon; Mashburn, Kendall L.; Tuomi, Pamela A.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Nilsson, Peter B.; Hollmen, Tuula E.; Atkinson, Shannon; Mashburn, Kendall L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mulcahy, Daniel M.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Esler, Daniel] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Rizz, Daniel J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hollmen, TE (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, 301 Railway Ave, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM tuula_hollmen@alaskasealife.org NR 81 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 EI 1531-4332 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 149 IS 3 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.01.002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 284IC UT WOS:000254699100005 PM 18282729 ER PT J AU Muller, EM Rogers, CS Spitzack, AS van Woesik, R AF Muller, E. M. Rogers, C. S. Spitzack, A. S. van Woesik, R. TI Bleaching increases likelihood of disease on Acropora palmata (Lamarck) in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Acropora palmata; coral disease; bleaching; temperature; host susceptibility ID CORAL; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; REEFS AB Anomalously high water temperatures may enhance the likelihood of coral disease outbreaks by increasing the abundance or virulence of pathogens, or by increasing host susceptibility. This study tested the compromised-host hypothesis, and documented the relationship between disease and temperature, through monthly monitoring of Acropora palmata colonies from May 2004 to December 2006, in Hawksnest Bay, St John, US Virgin Islands (USVI). Disease prevalence and the rate of change in prevalence showed a positive linear relationship with water temperature and rate of change in water temperature, respectively, but only in 2005 during prolonged periods of elevated temperature. Both bleached and unbleached colonies showed a positive relationship between disease prevalence and temperature in 2005, but the average area of disease-associated mortality increased only for bleached corals, indicating host susceptibility, rather than temperature per se, influenced disease severity on A. palmata. C1 [Muller, E. M.; van Woesik, R.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Sci Biol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Muller, E. M.; Rogers, C. S.; Spitzack, A. S.] United States Geol Survey Caribbean Filed Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Muller, EM (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Sci Biol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM emuller@fit.edu NR 18 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s00338-007-0310-2 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256ZA UT WOS:000252767200025 ER PT J AU Ren, H Jian, SG Lu, HF Zhang, QM Shen, WJ Han, WD Yin, ZY Guo, QF AF Ren, Hai Jian, Shuguang Lu, Hongfang Zhang, Qianmei Shen, Weijun Han, Weidong Yin, Zuoyun Guo, Qinfeng TI Restoration of mangrove plantations and colonisation by native species in Leizhou bay, South China SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE competitive exclusion; mangrove; ecosystem restoration; invasive species; Sonneratia apetala AB To examine the natural colonisation of native mangrove species into remediated exotic mangrove stands in Leizhou Bay, South China, we compared soil physical-chemical properties, community structure and recruitments of barren mangrove areas, native mangrove species plantations, and exotic mangrove species-Sonneratia apetala Buch.Ham-between plantations and natural forest. We found that severely degraded mangrove stands could not regenerate naturally without human intervention due to severely altered local environments, whereas some native species had been recruited into the 4-10 year S. apetala plantations. In the first 10 years, the exotic species S. apetala grew better than native species such as Rhizophora stylosa Griff and Kandelia candel (Linn.) Druce. The mangrove plantation gradually affected soil physical and chemical properties during its recovery. The exotic S. apetala was more competitive than native species and its plantation was able to restore soil organic matter in about 14 years. Thus, S. apetala can be considered as a pioneer species to improve degraded habitats to facilitate recolonisation by native mangrove species. However, removal to control proliferation may be needed at late stages to facilitate growth of native species. To ensure sustainability of mangroves in South China, the existing mangrove wetlands must be managed as an ecosystem, with long-term scientific monitoring program in place. C1 [Ren, Hai; Jian, Shuguang; Lu, Hongfang; Zhang, Qianmei; Shen, Weijun; Yin, Zuoyun] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Heshan Natl Filed Res Stn Forest Ecosyst, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. [Han, Weidong] Guangdong Ocean Univ, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qinfeng] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Guo, Qinfeng] USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Heshan Natl Filed Res Stn Forest Ecosyst, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scib.ac.cn RI Shen, Weijun/G-2942-2010 OI Shen, Weijun/0000-0001-7574-8839 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 40 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s11284-007-0393-9 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270BY UT WOS:000253696100019 ER PT J AU Brewer, SK Rabeni, CF Papoulias, DM AF Brewer, S. K. Rabeni, C. F. Papoulias, D. M. TI Comparing histology and gonadosomatic index for determining spawning condition of small-bodied riverine fishes SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE gonadosomatic index; histology; reproduction; spawning ID REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; STREAM FISHES; LIFE-HISTORY AB We compared gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histological analysis of ovaries for identifying reproductive periods of fishes to determine the validity of using GSI in future studies. Four small-bodied riverine species were examined in our comparison of the two methods. Mean GSI was significantly different between all histological stages for suckermouth minnow and red shiner. Mean GSI was significantly different between most stages for slenderhead darter; whereas stages 3 and 6 were not significantly different, the time period when these stages are present would allow fisheries biologists to distinguish between the two stages. Mean GSI was not significantly different for many histological stages in stonecat. Difficulties in distinguishing between histological stages and GSI associated with stonecat illustrate potential problems obtaining appropriate sample sizes from species that move to alternative habitats to spawn. We suggest that GSI would be a useful tool in identifying mature ovaries in many small-bodied, multiple-spawning fishes. This information could be combined with data from histology during mature periods to pinpoint specific spawning events. C1 [Brewer, S. K.; Rabeni, C. F.] Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Papoulias, D. M.] Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. RP Brewer, SK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM skb5h4@mizzou.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00256.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256EZ UT WOS:000252711800007 ER PT J AU Ward, MC Willis, DW Herwig, BR Chipps, SR Parsons, BG Reed, JR Hanson, MA AF Ward, M. C. Willis, D. W. Herwig, B. R. Chipps, S. R. Parsons, B. G. Reed, J. R. Hanson, M. A. TI Consumption estimates of walleye stocked as fry to suppress fathead minnow populations in west-central Minnesota wetlands SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; biomanipulation; wall-eye; fathead minnow; food habits; wetlands ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; LAKE ERIE; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; SOUTH-DAKOTA; YELLOW PERCH; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; FOOD-HABITS; FISH AB Fisheries managers throughout the Prairie Pothole Region of Minnesota often use semi-permanent and permanent wetland basins to extensively culture walleye Sander vitreus fry. Waterfowl managers have expressed concern over this practice because of the potential influence that fish have on food resources used by waterfowl during development and migration. It is well known that native fathead minnows Pimephales promelas can have detrimental effects on macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, water clarity, epiphyton, and macrophytes in wetlands. Because walleye commonly become piscivorous as soon as mouth gape allows, walleye fry may suppress fathead minnow populations and improve wetland conditions for waterfowl. In this study, we quantify consumption estimates, specifically predation on fathead minnows, by age-0 and age-1 walleye reared in natural wetland basins. Six wetlands were stocked in mid-May 2001 and 2002 at a rate of 12,000 walleye fry ha(-1). Age-0 walleye were sampled bi-weekly from mid-June through mid-September 2001. Age-0 and age-1 walleye were sampled monthly from mid-May through mid-September 2002. A generalised diet shift from zooplankton to fish to macroinvertebrates was observed in 2001, whereas diets of juvenile walleye contained primarily macroinvertebrates in 2002. Stocked walleye quickly reduced fathead minnow populations in 2001 and suppression was maintained throughout 2002. Although walleye consumed primarily macroinvertebrates once prey fish populations became suppressed, consumption estimates of invertebrates by walleye were substantially less than those documented for fathead minnow populations. Thus, stocking age-0 walleye was an effective biomanipulation tool that substantially reduced fathead minnow densities and influenced lower trophic levels in these aquatic communities. C1 [Ward, M. C.; Willis, D. W.; Chipps, S. R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, USGS S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Herwig, B. R.; Hanson, M. A.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. [Parsons, B. G.; Reed, J. R.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Glenwood, MN USA. RP Ward, MC (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 5351 N Shore Dr, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM matt.ward@dnr.state.mn.us RI Willis, David/D-3400-2009 NR 61 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00257.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 256EZ UT WOS:000252711800008 ER PT J AU Mack, MC Treseder, KK Manies, KL Harden, JW Schuur, EAG Vogel, JG Randerson, JT Chapin, FS AF Mack, Michelle C. Treseder, Kathleen K. Manies, Kristen L. Harden, Jennifer W. Schuur, Edward A. G. Vogel, Jason G. Randerson, James T. Chapin, F. Stuart, III TI Recovery of aboveground plant biomass and productivity after fire in mesic and dry black spruce forests of interior alaska SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; fire; soil drainage; biomass accumulation; aboveground net primary production; plant species composition ID NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS; BOREAL FOREST; CARBON BALANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; CENTRAL CANADA; WHITE SPRUCE; CO2 EXCHANGE; TREE HEIGHT; PINE STANDS AB Plant biomass accumulation and productivity are important determinants of ecosystem carbon (C) balance during post-fire succession. In boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forests near Delta Junction, Alaska, we quantified aboveground plant biomass and net primary productivity (ANPP) for 4 years after a 1999 wildfire in a well-drained (dry) site, and also across a dry and a moderately well-drained (mesic) chronosequence of sites that varied in time since fire (2 to similar to 116 years). Four years after fire, total biomass at the 1999 burn site had increased exponentially to 160 +/- 21 g m(-2) (mean +/- 1SE) and vascular ANPP had recovered to 138 +/- 32 g m(-2) y(-1), which was not different than that of a nearby unburned stand (160 +/- 48 g m(-2) y(-1)) that had similar pre-fire stand structure and understory composition. Production in the young site was dominated by re-sprouting graminoids, whereas production in the unburned site was dominated by black spruce. On the dry and mesic chronosequences, total biomass pools, including overstory and understory vascular and non-vascular plants, and lichens, increased logarithmically (dry) or linearly (mesic) with increasing site age, reaching a maximum of 2469 +/- 180 (dry) and 4008 +/- 233 g m(-2) (mesic) in mature stands. Biomass differences were primarily due to higher tree density in the mesic sites because mass per tree was similar between sites. ANPP of vascular and non-vascular plants increased linearly over time in the mesic chronosequence to 335 +/- 68 g m(-2) y(-1) in the mature site, but in the dry chronosequence it peaked at 410 +/- 43 g m(-2) y(-1) in a 15-year-old stand dominated by deciduous trees and shrubs. Key factors regulating biomass accumulation and production in these ecosystems appear to be the abundance and composition of re-sprouting species early in succession, the abundance of deciduous trees and shrubs in intermediate aged stands, and the density of black spruce across all stand ages. A better understanding of the controls over these factors will help predict how changes in climate and fire regime will affect the carbon balance of Interior Alaska. C1 [Mack, Michelle C.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Vogel, Jason G.] Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Treseder, Kathleen K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Treseder, Kathleen K.; Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Manies, Kristen L.; Harden, Jennifer W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94086 USA. [Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mack, MC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mcmack@ufl.edu RI Treseder, Kathleen/E-5148-2011; OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 86 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 209 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9117-9 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277SR UT WOS:000254235500003 ER PT J AU Park, BB Yanai, RD Fahey, TJ Bailey, SW Siccama, TG Shanley, JB Cleavitt, NL AF Park, Byung Bae Yanai, Ruth D. Fahey, Timothy J. Bailey, Scott W. Siccama, Thomas G. Shanley, James B. Cleavitt, Natalie L. TI Fine root dynamics and forest production across a calcium gradient in northern hardwood and conifer ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE aboveground biomass; aboveground production; acid rain; Cone Pond; fine root biomass; fine root turnover; fine root production; Hubbard Brook; Sleepers River ID BELOWGROUND CARBON ALLOCATION; BROOK-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; BELOW-GROUND CARBON; NITROGEN-AVAILABILITY; HUBBARD-BROOK; ORGANIC-MATTER; RED SPRUCE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATE FORESTS; GLOBAL PATTERNS AB Losses of soil base cations due to acid rain have been implicated in declines of red spruce and sugar maple in the northeastern USA. We studied fine root and aboveground biomass and production in five northern hardwood and three conifer stands differing in soil Ca status at Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; and Cone Pond, NH. Neither aboveground biomass and production nor belowground biomass were related to soil Ca or Ca:Al ratios across this gradient. Hardwood stands had 37% higher aboveground biomass (P = 0.03) and 44% higher leaf litter production (P < 0.01) than the conifer stands, on average. Fine root biomass (< 2 mm in diameter) in the upper 35 cm of the soil, including the forest floor, was very similar in hardwoods and conifers (5.92 and 5.93 Mg ha(-1)). The turnover coefficient (TC) of fine roots smaller than 1 mm ranged from 0.62 to 1.86 y(-1) and increased significantly with soil exchangeable Ca (P = 0.03). As a result, calculated fine root production was clearly higher in sites with higher soil Ca (P = 0.02). Fine root production (biomass times turnover) ranged from 1.2 to 3.7 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) for hardwood stands and from 0.9 to 2.3 Mg ha(-1) y(-1) for conifer stands. The relationship we observed between soil Ca availability and root production suggests that cation depletion might lead to reduced carbon allocation to roots in these ecosystems. C1 [Park, Byung Bae; Yanai, Ruth D.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Park, Byung Bae] Korea Forest Res Inst, Div Forest Ecol, Seoul 130172, South Korea. [Fahey, Timothy J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. [Siccama, Thomas G.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Yanai, RD (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 210 Marshall Hall,1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM rdyanai@syr.edu OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 66 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 325 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9126-3 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277SR UT WOS:000254235500010 ER PT J AU Young, DS Kramer, LD Maffei, JG Dusek, RJ Backenson, B Mores, CN Bernard, KA Ebell, GD AF Young, David S. Kramer, Laura D. Maffei, Joseph G. Dusek, Robert J. Backenson, Bryon Mores, Christopher N. Bernard, Kristen A. Ebell, Gregory D. TI Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus, New York SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UPSTATE NEW-YORK; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; INFECTED MOSQUITOS; WILD BIRDS; USA; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; ALPHAVIRUSES; ANTIBODY; TRANSMISSION AB Perpetuation, overwintering, and extinction of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in northern foci are poorly understood. We therefore sought to describe the molecular epidemiology of EEEV in New York State during current and past epizootics. To determine whether EEEV overwinters, is periodically reintroduced, or both, we sequenced the E2 and partial NSP3 coding regions of 42 EEEV isolates from New York State and the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that derived subclades tended to contain southern strains that had been isolated before genetically similar northern strains, suggesting southern to northern migration of EEEV along the Eastern Seaboard. Strong clustering among strains isolated during epizootics in New York from 2003-2005, as well as from 1974-1975, demonstrates that EEEV has overwintered in this focus. This study provides molecular evidence for the introduction of southern EEEV strains to New York, followed by local amplification, perpetuation, and overwintering. C1 [Ebell, Gregory D.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Young, David S.; Kramer, Laura D.; Maffei, Joseph G.; Backenson, Bryon; Bernard, Kristen A.] New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Kramer, Laura D.; Backenson, Bryon; Bernard, Kristen A.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Dusek, Robert J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Mores, Christopher N.] Univ Florida, Vero Beach, FL USA. RP Ebell, GD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 1 Univ New Mexico,MSC 08-4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM gebel@salud.unm.edu RI Ebel, Gregory/D-8324-2017; OI Dusek, Robert/0000-0001-6177-7479 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI025490, N01AI25490]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU223671] NR 32 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.3201/eid1403.070816 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 270BV UT WOS:000253695800014 PM 18325261 ER PT J AU Link, WA Barker, RJ AF Link, William A. Barker, Richard J. TI Efficient implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, with application to the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Development of Statistical Analysis in Wildlife, Fisheries and Ecological Research CY OCT 13-16, 2004 CL Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO HO Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Stat DE Cormack-Jolly-Seber model; Mark-recapture analysis; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Metropolis-Hastings algorithm ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA AB Judicious choice of candidate generating distributions improves efficiency of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. In Bayesian applications, it is sometimes possible to identify an approximation to the target posterior distribution; this approximate posterior distribution is a good choice for candidate generation. These observations are applied to analysis of the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model and its extensions. C1 [Link, William A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Barker, Richard J.] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM william_link@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s10651-007-0037-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 258MW UT WOS:000252873000009 ER PT J AU Jordan, F Jelks, HL Bortone, SA Dorazio, RM AF Jordan, Frank Jelks, Howard L. Bortone, Stephen A. Dorazio, Robert M. TI Comparison of visual survey and seining methods for estimating abundance of an endangered, benthic stream fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE conservation; counts; detection; endangered species; removal; sampling ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; MICROHABITAT USE; UNITED-STATES; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT USE; COMMUNITIES; LAKE AB We compared visual survey and seining methods for estimating abundance of endangered Okaloosa darters, Etheostoma okaloosae, in 12 replicate stream reaches during August 2001. For each 20-m stream reach, two divers systematically located and marked the position of darters and then a second crew of three to five people came through with a small-mesh seine and exhaustively sampled the same area. Visual surveys required little extra time to complete. Visual counts (24.2 +/- 12.0; mean +/- one SD) considerably exceeded seine captures (7.4 +/- 4.8), and counts from the two methods were uncorrelated. Visual surveys, but not seines, detected the presence of Okaloosa darters at one site with low population densities. In 2003, we performed a depletion removal study in 10 replicate stream reaches to assess the accuracy of the visual survey method. Visual surveys detected 59% of Okaloosa darters present, and visual counts and removal estimates were positively correlated. Taken together, our comparisons indicate that visual surveys more accurately and precisely estimate abundance of Okaloosa darters than seining and more reliably detect presence at low population densities. We recommend evaluation of visual survey methods when designing programs to monitor abundance of benthic fishes in clear streams, especially for threatened and endangered species that may be sensitive to handling and habitat disturbance. C1 [Jordan, Frank] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Jelks, Howard L.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Bortone, Stephen A.] Minnesota Sea Grant Coll Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Dorazio, Robert M.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jordan, F (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM jordan@loyno.edu NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2008 VL 81 IS 3 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1007/s10641-007-9202-0 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 253TF UT WOS:000252539800008 ER PT J AU Coffin, RB Pohlman, JW Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Plummer, RE Magee, RW Boyd, TJ AF Coffin, Richard B. Pohlman, John W. Grabowski, Kenneth S. Knies, David. L. Plummer, Rebecca E. Magee, Robert W. Boyd, Thomas J. TI Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope analysis to confirm petroleum natural attenuation in the vadose zone SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE natural attenuation; vadose zone; groundwater; carbon isotopes; carbon dioxide; methane; radiocarbon; stable carbon isotope analysis; soil gas; petroleum; methanogenesis ID IN-SITU BIODEGRADATION; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; HYDROCARBONS; GROUNDWATER; C-14; AMS; ASSIMILATION; SEDIMENTS AB Co-2 and CH4 radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope ratios were used to assess natural attenuation at a fuel-contaminated soil site at the Norfolk Navy Base, Norfolk, VA (USA). Soil gas samples were collected spatially over a monitoring network in October 2002 and in March 2003. CO2 and CH4 from regions with high petroleum concentrations were 14 C-depleted relative to uncontaminated areas. (14) C-depleted methane suggested methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation. The difference in CO2 age between background and plume-influenced areas indicated that approximately 90% of the CO2 at the latter was petroleum derived making contaminant the primary source of carbon for the microbial assemblage. C1 [Coffin, Richard B.; Grabowski, Kenneth S.; Knies, David. L.; Boyd, Thomas J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pohlman, John W.] Wood Holes Sci Ctr, US Geog Survey, Woods Holes, MA USA. [Plummer, Rebecca E.] SAIC, Washington, DC USA. [Magee, Robert W.] Naval Facil Engn Command Atlantic, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Boyd, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Avfe,Code 6114, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.boyd@nrl.navy.mil OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1080/15275920801888335 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281HP UT WOS:000254487800009 ER PT J AU Eberts, SM Braun, C Jones, S AF Eberts, Sandra M. Braun, Christopher Jones, Sonya TI Compound-specific isotope analysis: Questioning the origins of a trichloroethene plume SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE isotopes; chlorinated ethenes; groundwater; forensics; biodegradation ID CHLORINATED ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; MICROBIAL DECHLORINATION; REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; NATURAL ATTENUATION; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; BIODEGRADATION; FIELD; PCE AB Stable carbon isotope ratios of trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and trans-1,2-dichloroethene were determined by use of gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectroscopy to determine whether compound-specific stable carbon isotopes could be used to help understand the origin and history of a TCE groundwater plume in Fort Worth, TX. Calculated delta C-13 values for total chlorinated ethenes in groundwater samples, which can approximate the delta C-13 of a spilled solvent if all degradation products are accounted for, were useful for determining whether separate lobes of the plume resulted from different sources. Most notably, values for one lobe, where tetrachloroethene (PCE) has been detected periodically, were outside the range for manufactured TCE but within the range for manufactured PCE, whereas values for a separate lobe, which is downgradient of reported TCE spills, were within the range for manufactured TCE. C1 [Eberts, Sandra M.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. [Braun, Christopher] US Geol Survey, Austin, TX USA. [Jones, Sonya] US Geol Geol Survey, Norcross, GA USA. RP Eberts, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. EM smeberts@usgs.gov OI Eberts, Sandra/0000-0001-5138-8293 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1080/15275920801888368 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281HP UT WOS:000254487800010 ER PT J AU Glenn, EP Hucklebridge, K Hinojosa-Huerta, O Nagler, PL Pitt, J AF Glenn, Edward P. Hucklebridge, Kate Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel Nagler, Pamela L. Pitt, Jennifer TI Reconciling environmental and flood control goals on an arid-zone river: Case study of the Limitrophe Region of the Lower Colorado River in the United States and Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colorado River; Limitrophe; arid river; flood control ID DELTA; WATER; DISTURBANCE; REGIMES; DAM AB Arid zone rivers have highly variable flow rates, and flood control projects are needed to protect adjacent property from flood damage. On the other hand, riparian corridors provide important wildlife habitat, especially for birds, and riparian vegetation is adapted to the natural variability in flows on these rivers. While environmental and flood control goals might appear to be at odds, we show that both goals can be accommodated in the Limitrophe Region (the shared border between the United States and Mexico) on the Lower Colorado River. In 1999, the International Boundary and Water Commission proposed a routine maintenance project to clear vegetation and create a pilot channel within the Limitrophe Region to improve flow capacity and delineate the border. In 2000, however, Minute 306 to the international water treaty was adopted, which calls for consideration of environmental effects of IBWC actions. We conducted vegetation and bird surveys within the Limitrophe and found that this river segment is unusually rich in native cottonwood and willow trees, marsh habitat, and resident and migratory birds compared to flow-regulated segments of river. A flood-frequency analysis showed that the existing levee system can easily contain a 100 year flood even if vegetation is not removed, and the existing braided channel system has greater carrying capacity than the proposed pilot channel. C1 [Glenn, Edward P.] Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Hucklebridge, Kate] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel] Pronat Noroeste, San Luis Rio Colorado 83440, Sonora, Mexico. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pitt, Jennifer] Environm Def, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 322 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00267-007-9056-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263BH UT WOS:000253192100003 PM 18167018 ER PT J AU Mize, SV Porter, SD Derncheck, DK AF Mize, Scott V. Porter, Stephen D. Derncheck, Dennis K. TI Influence of fipronil compounds and rice-cultivation land-use intensity on macroinvertebrate communities in streams of southwestern Louisiana, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE fipronil; macroinvertcbrates; pesticides; Louisiana; NAWQA ID INSECTICIDE; TOXICITY; LARVAE AB Laboratory tests of fipronil and its degradation products have revealed acute lethal toxicity at very low concentrations (LC50) of <0.5 mu g/L to selected aquatic macroinvertebrates. In streams draining basins with intensive rice cultivation in southwestern Louisiana, USA, concentrations of fipronil compounds were an order of magnitude larger than the LC50. The abundance (p = -0.64; p = 0.015) and taxa richness (r(2) = 0.515, p < 0.005) of macroinvertebrate communities declined significantly with increases in concentrations of fipronil compounds and rice-cultivation land-use intensity. Macro invertebrate community tolerance scores increased linearly (r(2) = 0.442, p < 0.005) with increases in the percentage of rice cultivation in the basins, indicating increasingly degraded stream conditions. Similarly, macroinvertebrate community-tolerance scores increased rapidly as fipronil concentrations approached about 1 mu g/L. Pesticide toxicity index determinations indicated that aquatic macroinvertebrates respond to a gradient of fipronil compounds in water although stream size and habitat cannot be ruled out as contributing influences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mize, Scott V.; Derncheck, Dennis K.] US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. [Porter, Stephen D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Mize, SV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3535 S Sherwood Forest Blvd,Suite 120, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. EM svmize@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 152 IS 2 BP 491 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.envpo1.2007.03.021 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 288EE UT WOS:000254968200028 PM 17706328 ER PT J AU Reemtsma, T These, A Linscheid, M Leenheer, J Spitzy, A AF Reemtsma, Thorsten These, Anja Linscheid, Michael Leenheer, Jerry Spitzy, Alejandro TI Molecular and structural characterization of dissolved organic matter from the deep ocean by FTICR-MS, including hydrophilic nitrogenous organic molecules SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; WEIGHT FULVIC-ACIDS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; HUMIC ACIDS; RESOLUTION; FORMULAS; WATER; FRAGMENTATION; COMPONENT AB Dissolved organic matter isolated from the deep Atlantic Ocean and fractionated into a so-called hydrophobic (HPO) fraction and a very hydrophilic (HPI) fraction was analyzed for the first time by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) to resolve the molecular species, to determine their exact masses, and to calculate their molecular formulas. The elemental composition of about 300 molecules was identified. Those in the HPO fraction (C-14 age of 5100 year) are very similar to much younger freshwater fulvic acids, but less aromatic and more oxygenated molecules are more frequent This trend continues toward the HPI fraction and may indicate biotic and abiotic aging processes that this material experienced since its primary production thousands of years ago. In the HPI fraction series of nitrogenous molecules containing one, two, or three nitrogens were identified by FTICR-MS. Product ion spectra of the nitrogenous molecules suggest that the nitrogen atoms in these molecules are included in the (alicyclic) backbone of these molecules, possibly in reduced form. These mass spectrometric data suggest that a large set of stable fulvic acids is ubiquitous in all aquatic compartments. Although sources may differ, their actual composition and structure appears to be quite similar and largely independent from their source, because they are the remainder of intensive oxidative degradation processes. C1 [Reemtsma, Thorsten; These, Anja] Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Water Qual Control, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Linscheid, Michael] Humboldt Univ, Dept Chem, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Leenheer, Jerry] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Spitzy, Alejandro] Univ Hamburg, Inst Biogeochem & Marine Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Reemtsma, T (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Water Qual Control, Sekr KF 4,Str 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. EM thorsten.reemtsma@bfr.bund.de RI Linscheid, Michael/D-2125-2009 NR 32 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1430 EP 1437 DI 10.1021/es7021413 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 267PK UT WOS:000253521300013 PM 18441784 ER PT J AU Croteau, MN Luoma, SN AF Croteau, Marie-Noele Luoma, Samuel N. TI A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; AQUATIC INSECT CHAOBORUS; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCIES; COPPER ACCUMULATION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; BIVALVE CORBICULA; CALCIUM-UPTAKE; CADMIUM AB Aquatic organisms accumulate metals from dissolved and particulate phases. Dietborne metal uptake likely prevails in nature, but the physiological processes governing metal bioaccumulation from diet are not fully understood. We characterize dietborne copper, cadmium, and nickel uptake by a freshwater gastropod (Lymnaea stagnalis) both in terms of biodynamics and membrane transport characteristics. We use enriched stable isotopes to trace newly accumulated metals from diet, determine food ingestion rate (113) and estimate metal assimilation efficiency (AE). Upon 18-h exposure, dietborne metal influx was linear over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations. Dietary metal uptake rate constants (kuf) ranged from 0.104 to 0.162 g g(-1) day(-1), and appeared to be an expression of transmembrane transport characteristics. Although k(uf) values were 1000-times lower than uptake rate constants from solution, biodynamic modeling showed that diet is the major Cd, Cu, and Ni source in nature. AE varied slightly among metals and exposure concentrations (84-95%). Suppression of Cd and Cu influxes upon exposure to extreme concentrations coincided with a 10-fold decrease in food IR, suggesting that feeding inhibition could act as an end point for dietary metal toxicity in L. stagnalis. C1 [Croteau, Marie-Noele; Luoma, Samuel N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Croteau, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mcroteau@usgs.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 42 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1801 EP 1806 DI 10.1021/es7022913 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 267PK UT WOS:000253521300067 PM 18441838 ER PT J AU Sanchezt, BC Caldwellt, CA AF Sanchezt, Brian C. Caldwellt, Colleen A. TI Assessment of exposure risk of polychlorinated biphenyls to interior least terns (Sterna antillarum) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sterna antillarum; polychlorinated biphenyls; exposure assessment; bird; endangered species ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GREAT-LAKES; BIRDS; DDE AB Risk of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and effects were assessed for a colony of federally endangered interior least terns (Sterna antillarum) nesting on the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NM, USA). The colony feeds from an area on the Refuge (Hunter Marsh/Oxbow Complex) wherein fish with elevated concentrations of total PCBs have been documented. Concentrations of total PCBs in whole fish averaged 0.94 mg/kg with a maximum concentration of 2.77 mg/kg, wet weight. Estimated daily PCB intake rates by adult birds throughout their 180-d breeding season ranged from <0.01 mg/kg/d to 0.98 mg/kg/d, yielding hazard quotients that ranged from 0.01 to 21.68. Polychlorinated biphenyls pose a moderate risk to the colony of interior least terns that breed at the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, but the exposure rate is not likely to threaten their overall breeding success. C1 [Sanchezt, Brian C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Caldwellt, Colleen A.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Sanchezt, BC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bcsanche@purdue.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 617 EP 622 DI 10.1897/07-172.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 265PX UT WOS:000253374500016 PM 17967068 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JE Allert, A Sappington, LS Nelson, KJ Valle, J AF Fairchild, James E. Allert, Ann Sappington, Linda S. Nelson, Karen J. Valle, Janet TI Using accelerated life testing procedures to compare the relative sensitivity of rainbow trout and the federally listed threatened bull trout to three commonly used rangeland herbicides (picloram, 2,4-D, and clopyralid) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trout; herbicides; invasive; plants; mortality ID ACUTE TOXICITY; CONTAMINANT SENSITIVITY; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; CHEMICALS; FISHES AB We conducted 96-h static acute toxicity studies to evaluate the relative sensitivity of juveniles of the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and the standard cold-water surrogate rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) to three rangeland herbicides commonly used for controlling invasive weeds in the northwestern United States. Relative species sensitivity was compared using three procedures: standard acute toxicity testing, fractional estimates of lethal concentrations, and accelerated life testing chronic estimation procedures. The acutely lethal concentrations (ALC) resulting in 50% mortality at 96 h (96-h ALC50s) were determined using linear regression and indicated that the three herbicides were toxic in the order of picloram acid > 2,4-D acid > clopyralid acid. The 96-h ALC50 values for rainbow trout were as follows: picloram, 41 mg/L; 2.4-D, 707 mg/L; and clopyralid, 700 mg/L. The 96-h ALC50 values for bull trout were as follows: picloram, 24 mg/L; 2.4-D, 398 mg/L; and clopyralid, 802 mg/L. Fractional estimates of safe concentrations, based on 5% of the 96-h ALC50, were conservative (overestimated toxicity) of regression-derived 96-h ALC5 values by an order of magnitude. Accelerated life testing procedures were used to estimate chronic lethal concentrations (CLC) resulting in 1% mortality at 30 d (30-d CLC1) for the three herbicides: picloram (1 mg/L rainbow trout, 5 mg/L bull trout), 2,4-D (56 mg/L rainbow trout, 84 mg/L bull trout), and clopyralid (477 mg/L rainbow trout; 552 mg/L bull trout). Collectively, the results indicated that the standard surrogate rainbow trout is similar in sensitivity to bull trout. Accelerated life testing procedures provided cost-effective, statistically defensible methods for estimating safe chronic concentrations (30-d CLC1s) of herbicides from acute toxicity data because they use statistical models based on the entire mortality: concentration: time data matrix. C1 [Fairchild, James E.; Allert, Ann; Sappington, Linda S.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Nelson, Karen J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Valle, Janet] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Fairchild, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jfairchild@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 623 EP 630 DI 10.1897/07-342.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 265PX UT WOS:000253374500017 PM 17975948 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP O'Connor, DV Rediske, RR O'Keefe, JP Pothoven, SA AF Madenjian, Charles P. O'Connor, Daniel V. Rediske, Richard R. O'Keefe, James P. Pothoven, Steven A. TI Net trophic transfer efficiencies of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners to lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from their food SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE trophic transfer efficiency; polychlorinated biphenyl congeners; lake whitefish ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; PCB CONGENERS; SALMON; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION; DIOXIN; PREY AB Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) were fed rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in four laboratory tanks over a 133-d experiment. At the start of the experiment, 10 to 14 of the fish in each tank were sacrificed, and the concentrations of 40 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners within these fish were determined. Polychlorinated biphenyl congener concentrations were also determined in the 15 lake whitefish remaining in each of the four tanks at the end of the experiment as well as in the rainbow smelt fed to the lake whitefish. Each lake whitefish was weighed at the start and the end of the experiment, and the amount of food eaten by the lake whitefish during the experiment was tracked. Using these measurements, net trophic transfer efficiency (gamma) from the rainbow smelt to the take whitefish in each of the four tanks was calculated for each of the 40 PCB congeners. Results showed that gamma decreased exponentially as log K-OW for the congeners increased from 6 to 8. Further, gamma averaged 0.70 for the tetrachloro congeners but averaged only 0.45 for the higher chlorinated congeners. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.; O'Connor, Daniel V.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rediske, Richard R.; O'Keefe, James P.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 631 EP 636 DI 10.1897/07-274.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 265PX UT WOS:000253374500018 PM 17967070 ER PT J AU Sawstrom, C Lisle, J Anesio, AM Priscu, JC Laybourn-Parry, J AF Saewstroem, Christin Lisle, John Anesio, Alexandre M. Priscu, John C. Laybourn-Parry, Johanna TI Bacteriophage in polar inland waters SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Review DE bacteriophage; bacteria; Arctic; Antarctic; carbon cycling; lysogeny; polar inland waters; review ID MARINE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; LYTIC VIRAL PRODUCTION; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; ANTARCTIC LAKES; LYSOGENIC BACTERIA; PROPHAGE INDUCTION; COASTAL WATERS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; LOOP DYNAMICS; FRESH-WATERS AB Bacteriophages are found wherever microbial life is present and play a significant role in aquatic ecosystems. They mediate microbial abundance, production, respiration, diversity, genetic transfer, nutrient cycling and particle size distribution. Most studies of bacteriophage ecology have been undertaken at temperate latitudes. Data on bacteriophages in polar inland waters are scant but the indications are that they play an active and dynamic role in these microbially dominated polar ecosystems. This review summarises what is presently known about polar inland bacteriophages, ranging from subglacial Antarctic lakes to glacial ecosystems in the Arctic. The review examines interactions between bacteriophages and their hosts and the abiotic and biotic variables that influence these interactions in polar inland waters. In addition, we consider the proportion of the bacteria in Arctic and Antarctic lake and glacial waters that are lysogenic and visibly infected with viruses. We assess the relevance of bacteriophages in the microbial loop in the extreme environments of Antarctic and Arctic inland waters with an emphasis on carbon cycling. C1 [Saewstroem, Christin] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, CIRC, S-98107 Abisko, Sweden. [Lisle, John] USGS Ctr Coastal & Watershed Res, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Anesio, Alexandre M.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Priscu, John C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resource & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Laybourn-Parry, Johanna] Univ Tasmania, Inst Antarctic & So Ocean Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Sawstrom, C (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, CIRC, S-98107 Abisko, Sweden. EM christin.sawstrom@emg.umu.se RI Anesio, Alexandre/A-7597-2008 OI Anesio, Alexandre/0000-0003-2990-4014 NR 69 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s00792-007-0134-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 270CD UT WOS:000253696600001 PM 18188502 ER PT J AU Whittier, TR Aitkin, JK AF Whittier, Thomas R. Aitkin, J. Kevin TI Can soft water limit bighead carp and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) Invasions? SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB There is concern that the non-native bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix), now found in many large rivers of the Mississippi River Basin, may spread to other regions. However, evidence suggests that their eggs may not be able to survive in soft water. We used the distribution of water hardness values from rivers where bighead and silver carps appear to be reproducing to approximate the potential minimum water hardness needed for egg survival. We then used water hardness data from over 3,000 stream and river sites across the contiguous United States to classify ecoregions as soft water or hard water, relative to carp reproduction. In 24 ecoregions, comprising 20.7% of land area, the 75th percentile of water hardness values were less than 65 mg/L CaCO3. These soft-water areas included New England, most of the Southeast, and western portions of the Pacific Northwest. Nearly all areas with bighead and silver carp reproduction were in hard-water ecoregions. Exceptions in soft-water regions were in rivers originating in hard-water regions. C1 [Whittier, Thomas R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Aitkin, J. Kevin] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Whittier, TR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM whittier.thom@epa.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-33.3.122 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 287VD UT WOS:000254943700007 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, NM Orem, WH Tatu, CA Lerch, HE Bunnell, JE Feder, GL Kostic, EN Ordodi, VL AF Pavlovic, Nikola M. Orem, William H. Tatu, Calin A. Lerch, Harry E. Bunnell, Joseph E. Feder, Gerald L. Kostic, Emina N. Ordodi, Valentin L. TI The role of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and organic substances from coal in the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: A new hypothesis SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEN; LCAT; pliocene lignite; organic compounds; medical geology ID DEFICIENCY; MEMBRANE; LIPIDS AB Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) occurs in Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia. BEN has been characterized as a chronic, slowly progressive renal disease of unknown etiology. In this study, we examined the influence of soluble organic compounds in drinking water leached from Pliocene lignite from BEN-endemic areas on plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. We found that changes for all samples were the most prominent for the dilution category containing 90% plasma and 10% of diluting media. Water samples from BEN villages from Serbia and Romania showed higher LCAT inhibiting activity (P = 0.02) and (p = 0.003), respectively, compared to deionised water and non-endemic water. A secondary LCAT deficiency could result from this inhibitory effect of the organic compounds found in endemic water supplies and provide an ethiopathogenic basis for the development of BEN in the susceptible population. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pavlovic, Nikola M.; Kostic, Emina N.] Univ Nis, Fac Med, Inst Nephrol & Haemodialy, Djindjic, Nis, Serbia. [Orem, William H.; Lerch, Harry E.; Bunnell, Joseph E.; Feder, Gerald L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Tatu, Calin A.; Ordodi, Valentin L.] Univ Med & Farm Timisoara, Dept Immunol, Timisoara 300708, Romania. RP Pavlovic, NM (reprint author), Univ Nis, Fac Med, Inst Nephrol & Haemodialy, Bul Zoran Djindjic 48, Djindjic, Nis, Serbia. EM nikpav@eunet.yu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.033 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 282WA UT WOS:000254596700013 PM 18063285 ER PT J AU Choi, J Seong, JC Kim, B Usery, EL AF Choi, Jinmu Seong, Jeong Chang Kim, Bora Usery, E. Lynn TI Innovations in individual feature history management - The significance of feature-based temporal model SO GEOINFORMATICA LA English DT Article DE feature history; explicit temporal relationship; temporal primitives; feature-based temporal model ID INFORMATION; DATABASE AB A feature relies on three dimensions (space, theme, and time) for its representation. Even though spatiotemporal models have been proposed, they have principally focused on the spatial changes of a feature. In this paper, a feature-based temporal model is proposed to represent the changes of both space and theme independently. The proposed model modifies the ISO's temporal schema and adds new explicit temporal relationship structure that stores temporal topological relationship with the ISO's temporal primitives of a feature in order to keep track feature history. The explicit temporal relationship can enhance query performance on feature history by removing topological comparison during query process. Further, a prototype system has been developed to test a proposed feature-based temporal model by querying land parcel history in Athens, Georgia. The result of temporal query on individual feature history shows the efficiency of the explicit temporal relationship structure. C1 [Seong, Jeong Chang] Univ W Georgia, Dept Geosci, Carrollton, GA USA. [Kim, Bora] Syracuse Univ, Dept Geog, Syracuse, NY USA. [Usery, E. Lynn] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Choi, J (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jc778@msstate.edu; jseong@westga.edu; bkim06@maxwell.syr.edu; usery@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-6175 J9 GEOINFORMATICA JI Geoinformatica PD MAR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s10707-007-0019-y PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical SC Computer Science; Physical Geography GA 262DG UT WOS:000253128600001 ER PT J AU Lerch, DW Miller, E McWilliams, M Colgan, J AF Lerch, Derek William Miller, Elizabeth McWilliams, Michael Colgan, Joseph TI Tectonic and magmatic evolution of the northwestern Basin and Range and its transition to unextended volcanic plateaus: Black Rock Range, Nevada SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Basin and Range; geochronology; extension; magmatism; crustal seismology ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SANTA-ROSA-RANGE; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; TERTIARY VOLCANISM; FLOOD BASALTS; GREAT-BASIN; EXTENSION; OREGON; ORIGIN AB The seismically active eastern and western margins of the northern Basin and Range have been extensively studied, yet the northwestern margin of the province remains incompletely understood. The Black Rock Range of northwestern Nevada straddles the transition from the Basin and Range province to the south and east, and flat-lying volcanic plateaus to the west. This poorly understood range preserves a remarkably complete record of Cenozoic magmatism and provides an important window into the pre-Miocene history of the unextended volcanic plateaus of northeastern California and southern Oregon. Geologic mapping and Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology from the northern Black Rock Range document three significant episodes of Eocene to middle Miocene volcanism. Eocene (35 Ma) basalts directly overlie Mesozoic granites and arc-related volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Locally erupted Oligocene to early Miocene (27-21 Ma) bimodal volcanic rocks comprise the bulk of the Cenozoic section and conformably overlie the Eocene basalt flows. These bimodal units include rhyolitic lavas, variably welded rhyolitic ash flows, unwelded ash-fall deposits, and thin basalt flows. In the neighboring Pine Forest Range similar to 20 km to the north, similar Oligocene to early Miocene units are overlain by more than 500 m of ca. 16.4 Ma Steens-equivalent basalt flows and are capped by ca. 16 Ma rhyolitic ash-How tuffs. In the northern Black Rock Range, the ca. 16.4 Ma middle Miocene basalts are absent from the section, and a 16.2 Ma rhyolitic ash-flow tuff directly overlies the early Miocene flows. Basaltic and rhyolitic volcanic products in the northern Black Rock Range span 35-16 Ma, with many of the Oligocene volcanic units derived from local vents and dikes. Despite the map-scale complexities of locally derived lava flows, the Cenozoic section is broadly conformable and dips gently (similar to 5 degrees-10 degrees) to the northwest. The region experienced no significant tilting between 35 and 16 Ma, with moderate tilting (similar to 5 degrees-10 degrees) and concomitant uplift occurring after 16 Ma. This tectonic history is consistent with that of the nearby Pine Forest and Santa Rosa Ranges, where low-temperature thermochronology documents footwall exhumation along the range-bounding normal faults after 12 Ma. The velocity structure of the crust beneath the northern Black Rock Range is constrained by a recent geophysical survey (seismic reflection, refraction, and gravity) and contains gradients that correspond to basin depths predicted by our geologic mapping. Together with recently completed geological and geophysical studies from the surrounding region, our results suggest that the evolution of the northwestern margin of the Basin and Range was characterized by long-lived and voluminous voicanism without significant tectonism, followed by low-magnitude (<= 20%) extension along high-angle normal faults. C1 [Lerch, Derek William] Feather River Coll, Quincy, CA USA. [Miller, Elizabeth] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McWilliams, Michael] Curtin Univ Technol, John De Laeter Ctr Mass Spectometry, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Colgan, Joseph] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lerch, DW (reprint author), Feather River Coll, 570 Golden Eagle Ave, Quincy, CA USA. EM dlerch@frc.edu RI McWilliams, Michael/A-9548-2011; OI McWilliams, Michael/0000-0002-4107-7069; Colgan, Joseph/0000-0001-6671-1436 NR 53 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 3-4 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1130/B26151.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 270WM UT WOS:000253750900003 ER PT J AU Ort, MH Elson, MD Anderson, KC Duffield, WA Hooten, JA Champion, DE Waring, G AF Ort, M. H. Elson, M. D. Anderson, K. C. Duffield, W. A. Hooten, J. A. Champion, D. E. Waring, G. TI Effects of scoria-cone eruptions upon nearby human communities SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Scoria cones; geoarchaeology; volcanic risk; agriculture; Sunset Crater; Paricutin ID NORTHERN ARIZONA; FUTURE HAZARDS; VOLCANIC ASH; CINDER CONES; MEXICO-CITY; MULCH; CONSTRUCTION; AGRICULTURE; MICHOACAN; CRATER AB Scoria-cone eruptions are typically low in volume and explosivity compared with eruptions from stratovolcanoes, but they can affect local populations profoundly. Scoria-cone eruption effects vary dramatically due to eruption style, tephra blanket extent, climate, types of land use, the culture and complexity of the affected group, and resulting governmental action. A comparison of a historic eruption (Paricutin, Mexico) with prehistoric eruptions (herein we primarily focus on Sunset Crater in northern Arizona, USA) elucidates the controls on and effects of these variables. Long-term effects of lava flows extend little beyond the flow edges. These flows, however, can be used for defensive purposes, providing refuges from invasion for those who know them well. In and lands, tephra blankets serve as mulches, decreasing runoff and evaporation, increasing infiltration, and regulating soil temperature. Management and retention of these scoria mulches, which can open new areas for agriculture, become a priority for farming communities. In humid areas, though, the tephra blanket may impede plant growth and increase erosion. Cultural responses to eruptions vary,, from cultural collapse, through fragmentation of society, dramatic changes, and development of new technologies, to little apparent change. Eruptions may also be viewed as retribution for poor behavior, and attempts are made to mollify angry gods. C1 [Ort, M. H.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Anderson, K. C.] No Arizona Univ, Navjo Nat Archaeol Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hooten, J. A.] Real Willow Prod, Ignacio, CO 81137 USA. [Elson, M. D.] Desert Archaeol, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. [Champion, D. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ort, MH (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, POB 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM michael.ort@nau.edu; melson@desert.com; kirk.anderson@nau.edu; wendell.duffield@nau.edu; jhooten@rwpc.us; dchamp@usgs.gov; gwenwaring@juno.com NR 96 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 3-4 BP 476 EP 486 DI 10.1130/B26061.1 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 270WM UT WOS:000253750900015 ER PT J AU Pelletier, JD Kolb, KJ McEwen, AS Kirk, RL AF Pelletier, Jon D. Kolb, Kelly J. McEwen, Alfred S. Kirk, Randy L. TI Recent bright gully deposits on Mars: Wet or dry flow? SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; fluvial; mass wasting; numerical model ID MARTIAN GULLIES; GRANULAR FLOWS; WATER AB Bright gully sediments attributed to liquid water flow have been deposited on Mars within the past several years. To test the liquid water flow hypothesis, we constructed a highresolution (1 m/pixel) photogrammetric digital elevation model of a crater in the Centauri Montes region, where a bright gully deposit formed between 2001 and 2005. We conducted one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D numerical flow modeling to test whether the deposit morphology is most consistent with liquid water or dry granular flow. Liquid water flow models that incorporate freezing can match the runout distance of the flow for certain freezing rates but fail to reconstruct the distributary lobe morphology of the distal end of the deposit. Dry granular flow models can match both the observed runout distance and the distal morphology. Wet debris flows with high sediment concentrations are also consistent with the observed morphology because their rheologies are often similar to that of dry granular flows. As such, the presence of liquid water in this flow event cannot be ruled out, but the available evidence is consistent with dry landsliding. C1 [Pelletier, Jon D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kolb, Kelly J.; McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kirk, Randy L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Pelletier, JD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jdpellet@email.arizona.edu NR 21 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1130/G24346A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 270WN UT WOS:000253751000005 ER PT J AU Moser, DE Bowman, JR Wooden, J Valley, JW Mazdab, F Kita, N AF Moser, Desmond E. Bowman, John R. Wooden, Joseph Valley, John W. Mazdab, Frank Kita, Noriko TI Creation of a continent recorded in zircon zoning SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zircon; U-Pb; oxygen isotopes; ion probe; lower crust; Kapuskasing; Archean ID KAPUSKASING STRUCTURAL ZONE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; U-PB ZIRCON; SUPERIOR PROVINCE; DIFFUSION; ONTARIO; UPLIFT; GEOCHRONOLOGY; METAMORPHISM; DEFORMATION AB We have discovered a robust microcrystalline record of the early genesis of North American lithosphere preserved in the U-Pb age and oxygen isotope zoning of zircons from a lower crustal paragneiss in the Neoarchean Superior province. Detrital igneous zircon cores with delta O-18 values of 5.1%-7.1%c record creation of primitive to increasingly evolved crust from 2.85 +/- 0.02 Ga to 2.67 +/- 0.02 Ga. Sharp chemical unconformity between cores and higher 8110 (8.4%-10.4%) metamorphic overgrowths as old as 2.66 +/- 0.01 Ga dictates a rapid sequence of arc unroofing, burial of detrital zircons in hydrosphere-altered sediment, and transport to lower crust late in upper plate assembly. The period to 2.58 +/- 0.01 Ga included similar to 80 m.y. of high-temperature (similar to 700-650 degrees C, nearly continuous overgrowth events reflecting stages in maturation of the subjacent mantle root. Huronian continental rifting is recorded by the youngest zircon tip growth at 2512 +/- 8 Ma (similar to 600 degrees C) signaling magma intraplating and the onset of rigid plate behavior. This >150 m.y. microscopic isotope record in single crystals demonstrates the sluggish volume diffusion of U, Pb, and O in zircon throughout protracted regional metamorphism, and the consequent advances now possible in reconstructing planetary dynamics with zircon zoning. C1 [Moser, Desmond E.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Bowman, John R.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Wooden, Joseph; Mazdab, Frank] US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Valley, John W.; Kita, Noriko] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Moser, DE (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1130/G24416A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 270WN UT WOS:000253751000012 ER PT J AU Fuis, GS Moore, TE Plafker, G Brocher, TM Fisher, MA Mooney, WD Nokleberg, WJ Page, RA Beaudoin, BC Christensen, NI Levander, AR Lutter, WJ Saltus, RW Ruppert, NA AF Fuis, Gary S. Moore, Thomas E. Plafker, George Brocher, Thomas M. Fisher, Michael A. Mooney, Walter D. Nokleberg, Warren J. Page, Robert A. Beaudoin, Bruce C. Christensen, Nikolas I. Levander, Alan R. Lutter, William J. Saltus, Richard W. Ruppert, Natalia A. TI Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect and continental evolution involving subduction underplating and synchronous foreland thrusting SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect; Alaska; plate tectonics; continental growth; subduction; underplating; foreland thrusting ID ANGLE REFLECTION DATA; COPPER RIVER-BASIN; CHUGACH-MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN ALASKA; SEISMIC IMAGES; BROOKS RANGE; EASTERN; PLATE; TECTONICS; PACIFIC AB We investigate the crustal structure and tectonic evolution of the North American continent in Alaska, where the continent has grown through magmatism, accretion, and tectonic underplating. In the 1980s and early 1990s, we conducted a geological and geophysical investigation, known as the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT), along a 1350-km-long corridor from the Aleutian Trench to the Arctic coast. The most distinctive crustal structures and the deepest Moho along the transect are located near the Pacific and Arctic margins. Near the Pacific margin, we infer a stack of tectonically underplated oceanic layers interpreted as remnants of the extinct Kula (or Resurrection) plate. Continental Moho just north of this underplated stack is more than 55 km deep. Near the Arctic margin, the Brooks Range is underlain by large-scale duplex structures that overlie a tectonic wedge of North Slope crust and mantle. There, the Moho has been depressed to nearly 50 km depth. In contrast, the Moho of central Alaska is on average 32 km deep. In the Paleogene, tectonic underplating of Kula (or Resurrection) plate fragments overlapped in time with duplexing in the Brooks Range. Possible tectonic models linking these two regions include flat-slab subduction and an orogenic-float model. In the Neogene, the tectonics of the accreting Yakutat terrane have differed across a newly interpreted tear in the subducting Pacific oceanic lithosphere. East of the tear, Pacific oceanic lithosphere subducts steeply and alone beneath the Wrangell volcanoes, because the overlying Yakutat terrane has been left behind as underplated rocks beneath the rising St. Elias Range, in the coastal region. West of the tear, the Yakutat terrane and Pacific oceanic fithosphere subduct together at a gentle angle, and this thickened package inhibits volcanism. C1 [Fuis, Gary S.; Moore, Thomas E.; Plafker, George; Brocher, Thomas M.; Fisher, Michael A.; Mooney, Walter D.; Nokleberg, Warren J.; Page, Robert A.; Beaudoin, Bruce C.; Lutter, William J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Beaudoin, Bruce C.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Christensen, Nikolas I.; Lutter, William J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Levander, Alan R.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Saltus, Richard W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ruppert, Natalia A.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fuis, GS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Levander, Alan/A-3543-2011; OI Levander, Alan/0000-0002-1048-0488; Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 42 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 21 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1130/G24257A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 270WN UT WOS:000253751000019 ER PT J AU Potter, MJ AF Potter, Michael J. TI MIneral resource of the month: Vermiculite SO GEOTIMES LA English DT News Item C1 US Geol Survey, Surrey, England. RP Potter, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Surrey, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 274UF UT WOS:000254026800022 ER PT J AU O'Connor, J Major, J Grant, G AF O'Connor, Jim Major, Jon Grant, Gordon TI The dams come down: Unchaining US rivers SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 [O'Connor, Jim] US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Major, Jon] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. [Grant, Gordon] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP O'Connor, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR USA. OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD MAR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 274UF UT WOS:000254026800023 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Phillips, SL Flint, S Money, J Caldwell, M AF Belnap, Jayne Phillips, Susan L. Flint, Stephan Money, John Caldwell, Martyn TI Global change and biological soil crusts: effects of ultraviolet augmentation under altered precipitation regimes and nitrogen additions SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; cyanobacteria; deserts; drylands; lichens; microbiotic soil crusts; semiarid ID UV-B RADIATION; CYANOBACTERIAL SHEATH PIGMENT; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ANTARCTIC CYANOBACTERIA; SCYTONEMIN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TERRESTRIAL; LIGHT; WATER AB Biological soil crusts (BSCs), a consortium of cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses, are essential in most dryland ecosystems. As these organisms are relatively immobile and occur on the soil surface, they are exposed to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, rising temperatures, and alterations in precipitation patterns. In this study, we applied treatments to three types of BSCs (early, medium, and late successional) over three time periods (spring, summer, and spring-fall). In the first year, we augmented UV and altered precipitation patterns, and in the second year, we augmented UV and N. In the first year, with average air temperatures, we saw little response to our treatments except quantum yield, which was reduced in dark BSCs during one of three sample times and in Collema BSCs two of three sample times. There was more response to UV augmentation the second year when air temperatures were above average. Declines were seen in 21% of the measured variables, including quantum yield, chlorophyll a, UV-protective pigments, nitrogenase activity, and extracellular polysaccharides. N additions had some negative effects on light and dark BSCs, including the reduction of quantum yield, beta-carotene, nitrogenase activity, scytonemin, and xanthophylls. N addition had no effects on the Collema BSCs. When N was added to samples that had received augmented UV, there were only limited effects relative to samples that received UV without N. These results indicate that the negative effect of UV and altered precipitation on BSCs will be heightened as global temperatures increase, and that as their ability to produce UV-protective pigments is compromised, physiological functioning will be impaired. N deposition will only ameliorate UV impacts in a limited number of cases. Overall, increases in UV will likely lead to lowered productivity and increased mortality in BSCs through time, which, in turn, will reduce their ability to contribute to the stability and fertility of soils in dryland regions. C1 [Belnap, Jayne; Phillips, Susan L.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Flint, Stephan; Caldwell, Martyn] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Money, John] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Caldwell, Martyn] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 59 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 670 EP 686 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01509.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259HH UT WOS:000252929900019 ER PT J AU Mayer, TD Congdon, RD AF Mayer, Timothy D. Congdon, Roger D. TI Evaluating climate variability and pumping effects in statistical analyses SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID WATER-BUDGET MYTH; CLARK-COUNTY; MOAPA-CORIACEA; MUDDY RIVER; SAFE YIELD; NEVADA; FISHES; SYSTEM; INDEX; MODEL AB As development of ground water resources reaches the limits of sustainability, it is likely that even small changes in inflow, outflow, or storage will have economic or environmental consequences. Anthropogenic impacts of concern may be on the scale of natural variability, making it difficult to distinguish between the two. Under these circumstances, we believe that it is important to account for effects from both ground water development and climate variability. We use several statistical methods, including trend analysis, cluster analysis, and time series analysis with seasonal decomposition, to identify climate and anthropogenic effects in regional ground water levels and spring discharge in southern Nevada. We discuss the parameterization of climate and suggest that the relative importance of various measures of climate provides information about the aquifer system response to climate. In our system, which may be characteristic of much of the and southwestern United States, ground water levels are much more responsive to wet years than to dry years, based on the importance of selected climate parameters in the regression. Using cluster analysis and time series seasonal decomposition, we relate differences in amplitude and phase in the seasonal signal to two major forcings - climate and pumping - and distinguish between a regional recharge response to an extremely wet year and a seasonal pumping/evapotranspiration response that decays with distance from the pumping center. The observed spring discharge data support our hypothesis that regional spring discharge, particularly at higher elevation springs, is sensitive to relatively small ground water level changes. C1 [Mayer, Timothy D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Congdon, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Mayer, TD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM tim_mayer@fws.gov; rcongdon@fs.fed.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 212 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00381.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 271TQ UT WOS:000253812000007 PM 18307431 ER PT J AU Rotzoll, K El-Kadi, AI Gingerich, SB AF Rotzoll, Koija El-Kadi, Aly I. Gingerich, Stephen B. TI Analysis of an unconfined aquifer subject to asynchronous dual-tide propagation SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID COASTAL AQUIFER; FLUCTUATION; SYSTEM; FLOW AB Most published solutions for aquifer responses to ocean tides focus on the one-sided attenuation of the signal as it propagates inland. However, island aquifers experience periodic forcing from the entire coast, which can lead to integrated effects of different tidal signals, especially on narrow high-permeability islands. In general, studies disregard a potential time lag as the tidal wave sweeps around the island. We present a one-dimensional analytical solution to the ground water flow equation subject to asynchronous and asymmetric oscillating head conditions on opposite boundaries and test it on data from an unconfined volcanic aquifer in Maui. The solution considers sediment-damping effects at the coastline. The response of Maui Aquifers indicate that water table elevations near the center of the aquifer are influenced by a combination of tides from opposite coasts. A better match between the observed ground water head and the theoretical response can be obtained with the proposed dual-tide solution than with single-sided solutions. Hydraulic diffusivity was estimated to be 2.3 X 10(7) m(2)/d. This translates into a hydraulic conductivity of 500 m/d, assuming a specific yield of 0.04 and an aquifer thickness of 1.8 km. A numerical experiment confirmed the hydraulic diffusivity value and showed that the y-intercepts of the modal attenuation and phase differences estimated by regression can approximate damping factors caused by low-permeability units at the boundary. C1 [Rotzoll, Koija; El-Kadi, Aly I.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Rotzoll, Koija; El-Kadi, Aly I.] Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gingerich, Stephen B.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Water Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Rotzoll, K (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM koija@hawaii.edu OI Gingerich, Stephen/0000-0002-4381-0746 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00412.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 271TQ UT WOS:000253812000009 PM 18194315 ER PT J AU McMahon, PB Chapelle, FH AF McMahon, P. B. Chapelle, F. H. TI Redox processes and water quality of selected principal aquifer systems SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; NITRATE REDUCTION; SULFATE REDUCERS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; GROUND-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; SEDIMENTS AB Reduction/oxidation (redox) conditions in 15 principal aquifer (PA) systems of the United States, and their impact on several water quality issues, were assessed from a large data base collected by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the USGS. The logic of these assessments was based on the observed ecological succession of electron acceptors such as dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and sulfate and threshold concentrations of these substrates needed to support active microbial metabolism. Similarly, the utilization of solid-phase electron acceptors such as Mn(IV) and Fe(III) is indicated by the production of dissolved manganese and iron. An internally consistent set of threshold concentration criteria was developed and applied to a large data set of 1692 water samples from the PAs to assess ambient redox conditions. The indicated redox conditions then were related to the occurrence of selected natural (arsenic) and anthropogenic (nitrate and volatile organic compounds) contaminants in ground water. For the natural and anthropogenic contaminants assessed in this study, considering redox conditions as defined by this framework of redox indicator species and threshold concentrations explained many water quality trends observed at a regional scale. An important finding of this study was that samples indicating mixed redox processes provide information on redox heterogeneity that is useful for assessing common water quality issues. Given the interpretive power of the redox framework and given that it is relatively inexpensive and easy to measure the chemical parameters included in the framework, those parameters should be included in routine water quality monitoring programs whenever possible. C1 [McMahon, P. B.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Chapelle, F. H.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP McMahon, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM pmcmahon@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 12 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 259 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00385.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 271TQ UT WOS:000253812000011 PM 18307432 ER PT J AU Weiss, JV Cozzarelli, IM AF Weiss, Johanna V. Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. TI Biodegradation in contaminated aquifers: Incorporating microbial/molecular methods SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Review ID LEACHATE-POLLUTED AQUIFER; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FATTY-ACIDS PLFA; COAL-TAR-WASTE; NATURAL ATTENUATION PROCESSES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LOW HERBICIDE CONCENTRATIONS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TERT-BUTYL ETHER AB In order to evaluate natural attenuation in contaminated aquifers, there has been a recent recognition that a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating microbial and molecular methods, is required. Observed decreases in contaminant mass and identified footprints of biogeochemical reactions are often used as evidence of intrinsic bioremediation, but characterizing the structure and function of the microbial populations at contaminated sites is needed. In this paper, we review the experimental approaches and microbial methods that are available as tools to evaluate the controls on microbially mediated degradation processes in contaminated aquifers. We discuss the emerging technologies used in biogeochemical studies and present a synthesis of recent studies that serve as models of integrating microbiological approaches with more traditional geochemical and hydrogeologic approaches in order to address important biogeochemical questions about contaminant fate. C1 [Weiss, Johanna V.; Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Cozzarelli, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM icozzare@usgs.gov OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 149 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 305 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00409.x PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 271TQ UT WOS:000253812000015 PM 18194318 ER PT J AU Graham, TB Wirth, D AF Graham, Tim B. Wirth, David TI Dispersal of large branchiopod cysts: potential movement by wind from potholes on the Colorado Plateau SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE branchiopods; dispersal; wind; erosion; disturbance; sediment cyst bank; rock pools; potholes ID SMALL AQUATIC ORGANISMS; BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; FAIRY SHRIMP; EGG BANK; CHIROCEPHALUS-RUFFOI; PASSIVE DISPERSAL; HATCHING PATTERN; INTESTINAL-TRACT; TEMPORARY POOL; NORTH-AMERICA AB Wind is suspected to be a primary dispersal mechanism for large branchiopod cysts on the Colorado Plateau. We used a wind tunnel to investigate wind velocities capable of moving pothole sediment and cysts from intact and disturbed surfaces. Material moved in the wind tunnel was trapped in filters; cysts were separated from sediment and counted. Undisturbed sediment moved at velocities as low as 5.9 m s(-1) (12.3 miles h(-1)). A single all-terrain vehicle (ATV) track increased the sediment mass collected 10-fold, with particles moving at a wind velocity of only 4.2 m s(-1) (8.7 miles h(-1)). Cysts were recovered from every wind tunnel trial. Measured wind velocities are representative of low-wind speeds measured near Moab, Utah. Wind can move large numbers of cysts to and from potholes on the Colorado Plateau. Our results indicate that large branchiopod cysts move across pothole basins at low-wind speeds; additional work is needed to establish velocities at which cysts move between potholes. C1 [Graham, Tim B.; Wirth, David] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Graham, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Res Stn, 2290 W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. EM tim_graham@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 600 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9171-5 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 271BZ UT WOS:000253765200003 ER PT J AU Tolley-Jordan, LR Owen, JM AF Tolley-Jordan, Lori R. Owen, J. Murry TI Habitat influences snail community structure and trematode infection levels in a spring-fed river, Texas, USA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE snail; exotic; spring-fed river; trematode; parasite ID FRESH-WATER SNAILS; MELANOIDES-TUBERCULATA; PHILOPHTHALMUS-GRALLI; OBSERVED PATTERNS; THIARA-GRANIFERA; HELISOMA-ANCEPS; HOSTS; HETEROPHYIDAE; HETEROGENEITY; INTERMEDIATE AB The spring-fed Comal River in Texas, USA, has been impounded and channelized resulting mainly in a lentic environment with four headwater spring runs. We sampled two spring runs (lotic sites) and two lentic sites seasonally from April 2001 through April 2002 to assess (1) co-occurrence of native and exotic snail species (as determined by interspecific association), (2) the importance of habitat conditions in structuring relationships among these species, and (3) the distribution of snails infected with exotic trematode parasites. Three exotic and four endemic species of aquatic snails were collected, but only Elimia comalensis (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae, native), Melanoides tuberculatus, and Tarebia granifera (Prosobranchia: Thiaridae, exotic) were in sufficient densities for further analyses. Tarebia granifera was positively associated with both M. tuberculatus (chi(2) = 18.5, P < 0.001) and E. comalensis (chi(2) = 7.3, P < 0.01), although the co-occurrence between the two exotics was much stronger. Melanoides tuberculatus and E. comalensis exhibited a strong, negative association (chi(2) = 10.9, P < 0.001). The weaker co-occurrence between E. comalensis with the thiarids appeared to be driven by differences in habitat use by the thiarids and native E. comalensis. In lentic habitats, densities of M. tuberculatus and T. granifera were similar but differed significantly from E. comalensis whose densities were 200 times less than the exotic snails. In lotic spring runs, densities of T. granifera and E. comalensis were similar, but differed significantly from M. tuberculatus whose densities were 10 times fewer. Lower densities of M. tuberculatus and T. granifera in habitat conditions common to the spring runs may explain why exotic snail interactions were less with the native E. comalensis than with each other. The native snail, E. comalensis, was not infected with any trematodes, while 6.1% of M. tuberculatus and 4.8% of T. granifera were infected with exotic trematodes. Distributions of infected snails were aggregated; such that most infected snails were found in lentic habitats with silt substrates and moderate to high levels of detritus. Continued declines in spring-flows due to aquifer withdrawals and droughts will increase lentic habitats that may lead to increased densities of T. granifera and M. tuberculatus and their concomitant parasites. C1 [Tolley-Jordan, Lori R.] Univ Alabama, Aquat Biol Program, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Tolley-Jordan, Lori R.; Owen, J. Murry] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Tolley-Jordan, LR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Aquat Biol Program, Dept Biol Sci, POB 870206, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM tolle004@bama.ua.edu NR 44 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 600 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9173-3 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 271BZ UT WOS:000253765200004 ER PT J AU Long, AJ Sawyer, JF Putnam, LD AF Long, Andrew J. Sawyer, J. Foster Putnam, Larry D. TI Environmental tracers as indicators of karst conduits in groundwater in South Dakota, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE karst; USA; groundwater tracers; stable isotopes; groundwater/surface-water relations ID AQUIFER EVOLUTION; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; BLACK-HILLS; FLOW; AGE; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; MODEL; WATER; LIMESTONE; ROCKS AB Environmental tracers sampled from the carbonate Madison aquifer on the eastern flank of the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA indicated the approximate locations of four major karst conduits. Contamination issues are a major concern because these conduits are characterized by direct connections to sinking streams, high groundwater velocities, and proximity to public water supplies. Objectives of the study were to estimate approximate conduit locations and assess possible anthropogenic influences associated with conduits. Anomalies of young groundwater based on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium, and electrical conductivity (EC) indicated fast moving, focused flow and thus the likely presence of conduits. delta O-18 was useful for determining sources of recharge for each conduit, and nitrate was a useful tracer for assessing flow paths for anthropogenic influences. Two of the four conduits terminate at or near a large spring complex. CFC apparent ages ranged from 15 years near conduits to > 50 years in other areas. Nitrate-N concentrations > 0.4 mg/L in groundwater were associated with each of the four conduits compared with concentrations ranging from < 0.1 to 0.4 mg/L in other areas. These higher nitrate-N concentrations probably do not result from sinking streams but rather from other areas of infiltration. C1 [Long, Andrew J.; Putnam, Larry D.] US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Sawyer, J. Foster] S Dakota Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Long, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM ajlong@usgs.gov RI Long, Andrew/A-9204-2008 OI Long, Andrew/0000-0001-7385-8081 NR 70 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 263 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0232-7 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 277AM UT WOS:000254184800006 ER PT J AU Nastev, M Morin, R Godin, R Rouleau, A AF Nastev, M. Morin, R. Godin, R. Rouleau, A. TI Developing conceptual hydrogeological model for Potsdam sandstones in southwestern Quebec, Canada SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Canada; sedimentary rocks; conceptual models; geophysical methods ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; AQUIFER AB A hydrogeological study was conducted in Potsdam sandstones on the international border between Canada (Quebec) and the USA (New York). Two sandstone formations, arkose and conglomerate (base) and well-cemented quartz arenite (upper), underlie the study area and form the major regional aquifer unit. Glacial till, littoral sand and gravel, and marine silt and clay discontinuously overlie the aquifer. In both sandstone formations, sub-horizontal bedding planes are ubiquitous and display significant hydraulic conductivities that are orders of magnitude more permeable than the intact rock matrix. Aquifer tests demonstrate that the two formations have similar bulk hydrologic properties, with average hydraulic conductivities ranging from 2 x 10(-5) to 4 x 10(-5) m/s. However, due to their different lithologic and structural characteristics, these two sandstones impose rather different controls on groundwater flow patterns in the study area. Flow is sustained through two types of fracture networks: sub-horizontal, laterally extensive fractures in the basal sandstone, where hydraulic connectivity is very good horizontally but very poor vertically and each of the water-bearing bedding planes can be considered as a separate planar two-dimensional aquifer unit; and the more fractured and vertically jointed system found in the upper sandstone that promotes a more dispersed, three-dimensional movement of groundwater. C1 [Nastev, M.] Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Morin, R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Godin, R.; Rouleau, A.] Univ Quebec, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. RP Nastev, M (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 490 Couronne, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. EM mnastev@nrcan.gc.ca NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 373 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0267-9 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 277AM UT WOS:000254184800014 ER PT J AU Dutra, D Kane, ME Richardson, L AF Dutra, D. Kane, M. E. Richardson, L. TI Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling development of Cytopodium punctatum: a propagation protocol for ail endangered Florida native orchid SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dutra, D.; Kane, M. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Richardson, L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, Naples, FL 34114 USA. EM ddutra@ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 44 SU S BP S37 EP S37 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338XL UT WOS:000258542600098 ER PT J AU Woods, T Morey, S AF Woods, Teresa Morey, Steve TI Uncertainty and the Endangered Species Act SO INDIANA LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS AB The U.S. Endangered Species Act requires the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to use the "best available" information when deciding whether to list species as threatened or endangered, and when regulating conservation for species already listed. The agency has discretion to determine the types, quantity, and quality of the information it uses as "best available," but little discretion to defer decision making in cases where important scientific information is lacking. Complexities of nature, obscurity of many species' life history, and changing environmental circumstances are only some of the reasons why information is rarely complete, and why decisions are almost always made in the face of uncertainties. These uncertainties could lead to decision errors and the consequences might be failure to prevent extinction or imposition of unnecessary regulatory requirements. Furthermore, real or perceived errors could lead to legal action and loss of the agency's credibility. This Paper discusses some recent examples of how the Fish and Wildlife Service has dealt explicitly with uncertainty in its administration of the Endangered Species Act. C1 [Woods, Teresa; Morey, Steve] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Woods, T (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU INDIANA LAW JOURNAL PI BLOOMINGTON PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL LAW, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA SN 0019-6665 J9 INDIANA LAW J JI Indiana Law J. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 83 IS 2 BP 529 EP 536 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 312LD UT WOS:000256672000004 ER PT J AU Royle, JA AF Royle, J. Andrew TI Hierarchical modeling of cluster size in wildlife surveys SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; cluster size bias; compound Poisson distribution; distance sampling; double-observer sampling; group size; hierarchical models; mixture models; Neyman Type A distribution; random effects ID CAPTURE RECAPTURE; POINT COUNTS; ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; SONG AB Clusters or groups of individuals are the fundamental unit of observation in many wildlife sampling problems, including aerial surveys of waterfowl, marine mammals, and ungulates. Explicit accounting of cluster size in models for estimating abundance is necessary because detection of individuals within clusters is not independent and detectability of clusters is likely to increase with cluster size. This induces a cluster size bias in which the average cluster size in the sample is larger than in the population at large. Thus, failure to account for the relationship between delectability and cluster size will tend to yield a positive bias in estimates of abundance or density. I describe a hierarchical modeling framework for accounting for cluster-size bias in animal sampling. The hierarchical model consists of models for the observation process conditional on the cluster size distribution and the cluster size distribution conditional on the total number of clusters. Optionally, a spatial model can be specified that describes variation in the total number of clusters per sample unit. Parameter estimation, model selection, and criticism may be carried out using conventional likelihood-based methods. An extension of the model is described for the situation where measurable covariates at the level of the sample unit are available. Several candidate models within the proposed class are evaluated for aerial survey data on mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). C1 [Royle, J. Andrew] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INT BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1198/108571108X273188 PG 14 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 270QG UT WOS:000253734700002 ER PT J AU Ketola, HG Isaacs, GR Robins, JS Lloyd, RC AF Ketola, H. George Isaacs, Gary R. Robins, Jeffrey S. Lloyd, Russell C. TI Effectiveness and retention of thiamine and its analogs administered to Steelhead and landlocked Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; RAINBOW-TROUT; BALTIC SALMON; EGG THIAMINE; FINGER-LAKES; MARINE FISH; BIOAVAILABILITY; DERIVATIVES; REQUIREMENT; ONTARIO AB We investigated the feasibility of enhancing the reproduction of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in lakes where the consumption of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and other forage fishes containing thiaminase can cause them to become thiamine deficient and thereby reduce the survival of their fry. We evaluated feeding fingerling steelhead excess thiamine hydrochloride (THCl) for 1 or 2 weeks or equimolar amounts of thiamine mononitrate, thiamine-tetrahydro-furfuryl-disulfide, benfotiamine, or dibenzoyl thiamine (DBT). We found minimal internal reserves of thiamine after 6 months. We also compared the ability of injections of thiamine and its analogs to prevent mortality in thiamine-deficient steelhead and Atlantic salmon sac fry and found all forms to be effective, although benfotiamine was the least effective on an equimolar basis. Further, we injected yearling steelhead and found that DBT was tolerated at approximately 11,200 nmol/g of body weight, about 10 times more than thiamine in any other form. When yearling steelhead were injected with near-maximal doses of thiamine hydrochloride and several analogs and then fed a thiamine-deficient diet, DBT was retained for approximately 2 years-in contrast to other forms, which were retained for less than about 6 months. Therefore, these results suggest that neither feeding nor injecting young hatchery salmonids with DBT is Rely to enhance their reproduction for more than 2 years after stocking. However, injecting DBT in nearly mature fish (either cultured fish from hatcheries or wild fish captured in lakes) may provide them with enough thiamine to successfully spawn within 2 years even though they consume mainly thiaminase-containing forage fishes. C1 [Ketola, H. George] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Isaacs, Gary R.] SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Biol, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Robins, Jeffrey S.] SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Environm Conservat, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Lloyd, Russell C.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Sch Hotel Adm, Ithaca, NY 13085 USA. RP Ketola, HG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM gketola@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1577/H07-012.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 292ZF UT WOS:000255303900004 PM 18536500 ER PT J AU Lepak, JM Kraft, CE Honeyfield, DC Brown, SB AF Lepak, Jesse M. Kraft, Clifford E. Honeyfield, Dale C. Brown, Scott B. TI Evaluating the effect of stressors on thiaminase activity in alewife SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; LAKE-MICHIGAN; FRESH-WATER; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; FOOD-WEB; FISH; DYNAMICS; CORTISOL; TROUT; SALMONINES AB No consistent explanation has been found for the variability in the thiaminase activity of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus despite the role of alewife thiaminase in large-scale salmonine mortality in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We conducted experiments to evaluate the effect of two stressors, reduced salt content in the water and food limitation, on alewife thiaminase activity. Alewives were subjected to treatments in replicated tanks in which conductivity was lowered (<100 mu S/cm) for 8 d and feeding was limited for 39 d. Circulating white blood cells, plasma cortisol, plasma glucose, and whole-body thiaminase were measured in individual alewives. to assess their response to these experimental treatments. Alewives from the controls had significantly larger numbers of circulating white blood cells than those in the salt-reduced and food-limited treatments (24,000 and 19,000 cells/mu L and 11,000 and 9,000 cells/mu L for alewives from the two control and salt-reduced treatment tanks, respectively, and 34,000 and 30,000 cells/mu L and 21,000 and 16,000 cells/mu L for alewives from the two control and food-limited treatment tanks). No significant differences in alewife thiaminase activity were found between treatment fish and their controls. The mean thiaminase activity in the alewives studied increased from 6,900 to 16,000 pmol.g(-1).min(-1) from the time of their collection in Cayuga Lake to the start of laboratory experiments 1.5-2.5 years later; the latter value was more than twice that of previously reported levels of thiaminase activity from alewives collected in the wild. These data suggest that the variability in alewife thiaminase is not related to stress from salt reduction or food limitation, but laboratory holding conditions significantly increased thiaminase through a mechanism not evaluated by our experimental treatments. C1 [Lepak, Jesse M.; Kraft, Clifford E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Brown, Scott B.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Lepak, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jml78@cornell.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1577/H07-026.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 292ZF UT WOS:000255303900008 PM 18536504 ER PT J AU Giri, C Zhu, Z Tieszen, LL Singh, A Gillette, S Kelmelis, JA AF Giri, C. Zhu, Z. Tieszen, L. L. Singh, A. Gillette, S. Kelmelis, J. A. TI Mangrove forest distributions and dynamics (1975-2005) of the tsunami-affected region of Asia SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE change analysis; deforestation; image processing; Indian Ocean tsunami; Landsat; mangrove forests ID LAND-COVER; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION AB Aim We aimed to estimate the present extent of tsunami-affected mangrove forests and determine the rates and causes of deforestation from 1975 to 2005. Location Our study region covers the tsunami-affected coastal areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar), Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka in Asia. Methods We interpreted time-series Landsat data using a hybrid supervised and unsupervised classification approach. Landsat data were geometrically corrected to an accuracy of plus-or-minus half a pixel, an accuracy necessary for change analysis. Each image was normalized for solar irradiance by converting digital number values to the top-of-the atmosphere reflectance. Ground truth data and existing maps and data bases were used to select training samples and also for iterative labelling. We used a post-classification change detection approach. Results were validated with the help of local experts and/or high-resolution commercial satellite data. Results The region lost 12% of its mangrove forests from 1975 to 2005, to a present extent of c. 1,670,000 ha. Rates and causes of deforestation varied both spatially and temporally. Annual deforestation was highest in Burma (c. 1%) and lowest in Sri Lanka (0.1%). In contrast, mangrove forests in India and Bangladesh remained unchanged or gained a small percentage. Net deforestation peaked at 137,000 ha during 1990-2000, increasing from 97,000 ha during 1975-90, and declining to 14,000 ha during 2000-05. The major causes of deforestation were agricultural expansion (81%), aquaculture (12%) and urban development (2%). Main conclusions We assessed and monitored mangrove forests in the tsunami-affected region of Asia using the historical archive of Landsat data. We also measured the rates of change and determined possible causes. The results of our study can be used to better understand the role of mangrove forests in saving lives and property from natural disasters such as the Indian Ocean tsunami, and to identify possible areas for conservation, restoration and rehabilitation. C1 [Giri, C.; Zhu, Z.; Tieszen, L. L.] US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Singh, A.] US Environm Programe, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Gillette, S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kelmelis, J. A.] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Giri, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM cgiri@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 78 Z9 87 U1 13 U2 50 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01806.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 262KV UT WOS:000253148300014 ER PT J AU Are, F Reimnitz, E AF Are, Fefiks Reimnitz, Erk TI The A and m coefficients in the Bruun/Dean equilibrium profile equation seen from the arctic SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shoreface profile shape; mathematical description; variability ID CANADIAN BEAUFORT SEA; SHOREFACE PROFILE; COAST; EVOLUTION; MODELS AB The Bruun/Dean relation between water depth and distance from the shore with a constant profile shape factor is widely used to describe shoreface profiles in temperate environments. However, it has been shown that the sediment scale parameter (A) and the profile shape factor (m) are interrelated variables. An analysis of 63 Arctic erosional shoreface profiles shows that both coefficients are highly variable. Relative frequency of the average m value is only 16% by the class width 0.1. No other m value frequency exceeds 21%. Therefore, there is insufficient reason to use average m to characterize Arctic shoreface profile shape. The shape of each profile has a definite combination of A and m values. Coefficients A and m show a distinct inverse relationship, as in temperate climate. A dependence of m values on coastal sediment grain size is seen, and m decreases with increasing grain size. With constant m = 0.67, parameter A obtains a dimension unit m(1/3). But A equals the water depth in meters I m from the water edge. This fact and the variability of parameter m testify that the Bruun/Dean equation is essentially an empirical formula. There is no need to give any measurement unit to parameter A. But the International System of Units (SI) has to be used in applying the Bruun/Dean equation for shoreface profiles. A comparison of the shape of Arctic shoreface profiles with those of temperate environments shows surprising similarity. Therefore, the conclusions reached in this Arctic paper seem to apply also to temperate environments. C1 [Are, Fefiks] Petersburg State Univ Means Commun, Water Supply Dept, St Petersburg 130091, Russia. [Reimnitz, Erk] US Geol Survey, El Granada, CA 94018 USA. RP Are, F (reprint author), Petersburg State Univ Means Commun, Water Supply Dept, Moskovsky Av 6, St Petersburg 130091, Russia. EM f.are@peterlink.ru; ereimnitz@earthlink.net NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2B SU S BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.2112/05-0572.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 280SC UT WOS:000254445500026 ER PT J AU Chomyia, JC Hernes, PJ Harter, T Bergamaschi, BA AF Chomyia, Jill C. Hernes, Peter J. Harter, Thomas Bergamaschi, Brian A. TI Land management impacts on dairy-derived dissolved organic carbon in ground water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LEACHATE-POLLUTED GROUNDWATER; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; NATURAL ATTENUATION; WASTE-WATER; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; NITROGEN; MATTER; PLUME; ACIDS; TRANSFORMATION AB Dairy operations have the potential to elevate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels in ground water, where it may interact with organic and inorganic contaminants, fuel denitrification, and may present problems for drinking water treatment. Total and percent bioavailable DOC and total and carbon-specific trihalomethane (THM) formation potential (TTHMFP and STHMFP, respectively) were determined for shallow ground water samples from beneath a dairy farm in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Sixteen wells influenced by specific land management areas were sampled over 3 yr. Measured DOC concentrations were significantly elevated over the background as measured at an upgradient monitoring well, ranging from 13 to 55 mg L(-1) in wells downgradient from wastewater ponds, 8 to 30 mg L(-1) in corral wells, 5 to 12 mg L(-1) in tile drains, and 4 to 15 mg L(-1) in wells associated with manured fields. These DOC concentrations were at the upper range or greatly exceeded concentrations in most sur e water bodies used as drinking water sources in California. DOC concentrations in individual wells varied by up to a factor of two over the duration of this study, indicating a dynamic system of sources and degradation. DOC bioavailability over 21 d ranged from 3 to 10%, comparable to surface water systems and demonstrating the potential for dairy-derived DOC to influence dissolved oxygen concentrations (Dearly all wells were hypoxic to anoxic) and denitrification. TTHMFP measurements across all management units ranged from 141 to 1731 mu g L(-1), well in excess of the maximum contaminant level of 80 mu g L(-1) established by the Environmental Protection Agency. STHMFP measurements demonstrated over twofold variation (-4 to -8 mmol total THM/mol DOC) across the management areas, indicating the dependence of reactivity on DOC composition. The results indicate that land management strongly controls the quantity and quality of DOC to reach shallow ground water and hence should be considered when managing ground water resources and in any efforts to mitigate contamination of ground water with carbon-based contaminants, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals. C1 [Chomyia, Jill C.; Hernes, Peter J.; Harter, Thomas] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bergamaschi, Brian A.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hernes, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhernes@ucdavis.edu OI Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581 NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0183 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600006 PM 18268295 ER PT J AU Loftin, KA Adams, CD Meyer, MT Surampalli, R AF Loftin, Keith A. Adams, Craig D. Meyer, Michael T. Surampalli, Rao TI Effects of ionic strength, temperature, and pH on degradation of selected antibiotics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TEST SYSTEMS; OXYTETRACYCLINE; SULFONAMIDES; HYDROLYSIS; STABILITY; TYLOSIN; WATER; ACID AB Aqueous degradation rates, which include hydrolysis and epimerization, for chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TET), lincomycin (LNC), sulfachlorpyridazine (SCP), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfathiazole (STZ), trimethoprim (TRM), and tylosin A (TYL) were studied as a function of ionic strength (0.0015, 0.050, or 0.084 mg/L as Na2HPO4), temperature (7, 22, and 35 degrees C), and pH (2, 5, 7, 9, and 11). Multiple linear regression revealed that ionic strength did not significantly affect (alpha = 0.05) degradation rates for all compounds, but temperature and pH affected rates for CTC, OTC, and TET significantly (alpha = 0.05). Degradation also was observed for TYL at pH 2 and 11. No significant degradation was observed for LNC, SCP, SDM, STZ, TRM, and TYL (pH 5, 7, and 9) under study conditions, Pseudo first-order rate constants, half-lives, and Arrhenius coefficients were calculated where appropriate. In general, hydrolysis rates for CTC, OTC, and TET increased as pH and temperature increased following Arrhenius relationships. Known degradation re products were used to confirm that degradation had occurred, but these products were not quantified. Half-lives ranged from less than 6 h up to 9.7 wk for the tetracyclines and for TYL (pH 2 and 11), but no degradation of LIN, the sulfonamides, or TRM was observed during the study period. These results indicate that tetracyclines and TYL at pH 2 and 11 are prone to pH-mediated transformation and hydrolysis in some cases, but not the sulforiamides, LIN nor TRM are inclined to degrade under study conditions. This indicates that with the exception of CTC, OTC, and TET pH-mediated reactions such as hydrolysis and epimerization are not likely removal mechanisms in surface water, anaerobic swine lagoons, wastewater, and ground water. C1 [Loftin, Keith A.; Meyer, Michael T.] US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Adams, Craig D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Surampalli, Rao] US EPA, Kansas City, KS 66117 USA. RP Loftin, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Organ Geochem Res Lab, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM kloftin@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 25 TC 73 Z9 83 U1 9 U2 106 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 378 EP 386 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0230 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273KR UT WOS:000253929600011 PM 18268300 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Redman, R AF Rodriguez, Rusty Redman, Regina TI More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Experimental-Biology CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Soc Expt Biol DE colletotrichum; fungal endophytes; stress tolerance; symbiosis; symbiotic lifestyle ID PIRIFORMOSPORA-INDICA; COLLETOTRICHUM-MAGNA; ENDOPHYTES; HOST; PATHOGEN; TOMATO; PARASITISM; MUTUALISM; CONTINUUM; DIVERSITY AB All plants in natural ecosystems are thought to be symbiotic with mycorrhizal and/or endophytic fungi. Collectively, these fungi express different symbiotic lifestyles ranging from parasitism to mutualism. Analysis of Colletotrichum species indicates that individual isolates can express either parasitic or mutualistic lifestyles depending on the host genotype colonized. The endophyte colonization pattern and lifestyle expression indicate that plants can be discerned as either disease, non-disease, or non-hosts. Fitness benefits conferred by fungi expressing mutualistic lifestyles include biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, growth enhancement, and increased reproductive success. Analysis of plant-endophyte associations in high stress habitats revealed that at least some fungal endophytes confer habitat-specific stress tolerance to host plants. Without the habitat-adapted fungal endophytes, the plants are unable to survive in their native habitats. Moreover, the endophytes have a broad host range encompassing both monocots and eudicots, and confer habitat-specific stress tolerance to both plant groups. C1 [Rodriguez, Rusty] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rodriguez, Rusty; Redman, Regina] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Redman, Regina] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Rodriguez, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rustyrod@u.washington.edu NR 39 TC 153 Z9 176 U1 9 U2 86 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1114 DI 10.1093/jxb/erm342 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 278NP UT WOS:000254293900012 PM 18267941 ER PT J AU Ames, KM Smith, CM Bourdeau, A AF Ames, Kenneth M. Smith, Cameron McP. Bourdeau, Alexander TI Large domestic pits on the Northwest Coast of North America SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD STORAGE; HOUSEHOLD ARCHAEOLOGY; NEOPALATIAL CRETE; SLAVERY; EUROPE AB Excavations of prehistoric and Contact period houses on the southern Northwest Coast of North America have exposed very large interior pit complexes. The complexes are either long trenches or rows of pits beneath the house floors. They are associated with substantial permanently occupied houses dated to between 300 CAL B.C. and A.D. 1830. The pits add significantly to the storage potentials of these houses and suggest surplus production. C1 [Ames, Kenneth M.; Smith, Cameron McP.] Portland State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Bourdeau, Alexander] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tualatin, OR USA. RP Ames, KM (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM amesk@pdx.edu NR 80 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOURNAL FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY PI BOSTON PA BOSTON UNIV 675 COMMONWEALTH AVE, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 0093-4690 J9 J FIELD ARCHAEOL JI J. Field Archaeol. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 297MS UT WOS:000255621400002 ER PT J AU McMahon, TE Bear, EA Zale, AV AF McMahon, Thomas E. Bear, Elizabeth A. Zale, Alexander V. TI Use of an annular chamber for testing thermal preference of westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TEMPERATURE PREFERENCE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GAIRDNERI; SELECTION; SALVELINUS; MONTANA; STREAMS AB Remaining populations of westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) in western North America are primarily confined to cold headwaters whereas normative rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) predominate in warmer, lower elevation stream sections historically occupied by westslope cutthroat trout. We tested whether differing thermal preferences could account for the spatial segregation observed in the field. Thermal preferences of age-1 westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout (125 to 150 mm total length) were assessed in the laboratory using a modified annular preference chamber at acclimation temperatures of 10 12, 14, and 16 degrees C. Final preferred temperature of westslope cutthroat trout (14.9 degrees C) was similar to that of rainbow trout (14.8 degrees C) when tested in a thermal gradient of 11-17 degrees C. The high degree of overlap in thermal preference indicates the two species have similar thermal niches and a high potential for competition. We suggest several modifications to the annular preference chamber to improve performance in future studies. C1 [McMahon, Thomas E.; Bear, Elizabeth A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zale, Alexander V.] US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Bozeman, MT USA. RP McMahon, TE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM tmcmahon@montana.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664557 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 265VE UT WOS:000253388900006 ER PT J AU Dauwalter, DC Fisher, WL AF Dauwalter, Daniel C. Fisher, William L. TI Ontogenetic and seasonal diet shifts of smallmouth bass in an Ozark stream SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ILLINOIS STREAM; CRAYFISH; DYNAMICS; MINNOWS; HABITAT; SUCCESS; FISHES AB We quantified the ontogenetic and seasonal diet shifts of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in Baron Fork Creek, an Ozark stream in northeastern Oklahoma. Age-0 smallmouth bass (<125 mm TL) consumed primarily baetid mayflies, and sub-adult and adult smallmouth bass ( >= 125 mm TL) consumed primarily cyprinids and crayfish. Stomach fullness of age-0 smallmouth bass did not differ statistically among seasons, but it was highest in spring and lowest in fall and winter for larger smallmouth bass. Baseline logistic regression explained the diet of smallmouth bass well and quantified the switch from insects to fish and crayfish at approximately 125 mm TL. The model also showed that diets differed among seasons. Insects always dominated diets of age-0 smallmouth bass, but the stomachs of larger smallmouth bass were more likely to contain fish in spring, contain fish and crayfish in summer, and be empty in late-fall and winter. Although smallmouth bass primarily switch from microcrustaceans, to insects, to fish and crayfish as they grow, bass of all sizes maintain the ability to forage within and among major taxonomic groups (insects, fish, crayfish) and adapt to the temporally variable populations of prey communities in north temperate streams. C1 [Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fisher, William L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Dauwalter, DC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166,100 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ddauwalt@uwyo.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664562 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 265VE UT WOS:000253388900011 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE AF McKenna, James E., Jr. TI Diel variation in near-shore great lakes fish assemblages and implications for assessment sampling and coastal management SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRAWL; CATCHES; ABUNDANCE; SUPERIOR; NIGHT AB I compared fish assemblages captured in three different microhabitats (shoreline, pelagic near-shore, and benthic near-shore) during day and night fishing in different protection (inside bay or tributary vs. outside in Lake Ontario proper) and turbidity regimes of four near-shore areas of Lake Ontario. The effects of diel movement and availability to gear were clearly evident. Fish assemblages were consistently and significantly more diverse at night than during the day, with nighttime assemblages often being supersets of daytime assemblages. Evidence for a turbidity effect was much weaker than the effects of nocturnal movements and changes in availability to the gear associated with darkness. Nighttime sampling is more likely to capture the full array of species in near-shore areas of the Great Lakes than daytime sampling. C1 [McKenna, James E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 304 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM jemckenna@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664564 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 265VE UT WOS:000253388900013 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, Tom TI Monte Carlo method for determining earthquake recurrence parameters from short paleoseismic catalogs: Example calculations for California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NORTHERN CALAVERAS FAULT; HOLOCENE SLIP RATE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CARRIZO PLAIN; CREEK; PALEOEARTHQUAKES; PROBABILITIES; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION AB [1] Paleoearthquake observations often lack enough events at a given site to directly define a probability density function (PDF) for earthquake recurrence. Sites with fewer than 10-15 intervals do not provide enough information to reliably determine the shape of the PDF using standard maximum-likelihood techniques (e. g., Ellsworth et al., 1999). In this paper I present a method that attempts to fit wide ranges of distribution parameters to short paleoseismic series. From repeated Monte Carlo draws, it becomes possible to quantitatively estimate most likely recurrence PDF parameters, and a ranked distribution of parameters is returned that can be used to assess uncertainties in hazard calculations. In tests on short synthetic earthquake series, the method gives results that cluster around the mean of the input distribution, whereas maximum likelihood methods return the sample means (e. g., NIST/SEMATECH, 2006). For short series (fewer than 10 intervals), sample means tend to reflect the median of an asymmetric recurrence distribution, possibly leading to an overestimate of the hazard should they be used in probability calculations. Therefore a Monte Carlo approach may be useful for assessing recurrence from limited paleoearthquake records. Further, the degree of functional dependence among parameters like mean recurrence interval and coefficient of variation can be established. The method is described for use with time-independent and time-dependent PDFs, and results from 19 paleoseismic sequences on strike-slip faults throughout the state of California are given. C1 USGS MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), USGS MS 999, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tparsons@usgs.gov RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B3 AR B03302 DI 10.1029/2007JB004998 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 270JS UT WOS:000253717700001 ER PT J AU Gregoire, DR Gunzburger, MS AF Gregoire, D. R. Gunzburger, M. S. TI Effects of predatory fish on survival and behavior of larval Gopher Frogs (Rana capito) and Southern Leopard Frogs (Rana sphenocephala) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCED MOSQUITOFISH; DIFFERENTIAL PREDATION; GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; PREY INTERACTIONS; SPECIES RICHNESS; HABITAT GRADIENT; HYLA-SQUIRELLA; ANURAN LARVAE; LEGGED FROG; BODY SIZE AB Southern Leopard Frogs, Rana sphenocephala, are habitat generalists occurring in virtually all freshwater habitats within their geographic range, whereas Gopher Frogs, Rana capita, typically breed in ponds that do not normally contain fish. To evaluate the potential for predation by fish to influence the distribution of these species, we conducted a randomized factorial experiment. We examined the survival rate and behavior of tadpoles when exposed to Warmouth Sunfish, Lepomis gulosus, Banded Sunfish, Enneacanthus obesus, and Eastern Mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki. We also conducted a choice experiment to examine the survival rate of the two species of tadpoles when a predator is given a choice of both species simultaneously. Lepomis gulosus consumed the most tadpoles and ate significantly more tadpoles of R. capito than R. sphenocephala. Gambusia holbrooki injured the most tadpoles, especially R. capito. Enneacanthus obesus did not have an effect on behavior or survival of either anuran species. Tadpoles of both anurans increased hiding when in the presence of L. gulosus and G. holbrooki, but a greater proportion of R. capito hid than did R. sphenocephala. Our results suggest that R. capito are more vulnerable to predation by fish than are R. sphenocephala. The introduction of fish may play a role in population declines of certain anurans breeding in normally fish-free wetlands, and even small fish, such as mosquitofish, may have significant negative effects on the tadpoles of R. capito. C1 [Gregoire, D. R.; Gunzburger, M. S.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Gregoire, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM dgregoire@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 20 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1670/07-039.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 268CP UT WOS:000253555800013 ER PT J AU Rutter, AP Hanford, KL Zwers, JT Perillo-Nicholas, AL Schauer, JJ Olson, ML AF Rutter, Andrew P. Hanford, Katy L. Zwers, Jaime T. Perillo-Nicholas, Anthony L. Schauer, James J. Olson, Mark L. TI Evaluation of an offline method for the analysis of atmospheric reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DRY DEPOSITION FLUXES; AMBIENT AIR; GAS; WET; SPECIATION; MICHIGAN; DENUDER; QUEBEC; PM2.5; JAPAN AB Reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (PHg) were collected in Milwaukee, WI, between April 2004 and May 2005, and in Riverside, CA, between July 25 and August 7, 2005 using sorbent and filter substrates. The substrates were analyzed for mercury by thermal desorption analysis (TDA) using a purpose-built instrument. Results from this offline-TDA method were compared with measurements using a real-time atmospheric mercury analyzer. RGM measurements made with the offline-TDA agreed well with a commercial real-time method. However, the offline TDA reported PHg concentrations 2.7 times higher than the real-time method, indicating evaporative losses might be occurring from the real-time instrument during sample collection. TDA combined with reactive mercury collection on filter and absorbent substrates was cheap, relatively easy to use, did not introduce biases due to a semicontinuous sample collection strategy, and had a dynamic range appropriate for use in rural and urban locations. The results of this study demonstrate that offline-TDA is a feasible method for collecting reactive mercury concentrations in a large network of filter-based samplers. C1 [Rutter, Andrew P.; Hanford, Katy L.; Zwers, Jaime T.; Perillo-Nicholas, Anthony L.; Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Olson, Mark L.] US Geol Survey, Mercury Res Lab, Middleton, WI USA. RP Schauer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, 660 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjschauer@wisc.edu NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 3 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.3.377 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 272RB UT WOS:000253876100004 PM 18376641 ER PT J AU Carlisle, DM Hawkins, CP Meador, MR Potapova, M Falcone, J AF Carlisle, Daren M. Hawkins, Charles P. Meador, Michael R. Potapova, Marina Falcone, James TI Biological assessments of Appalachian streams based on predictive models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biological assessment; RIVPACS; biological monitoring; biological indicators; predictive models; O/E; fish; macroinvertebrates; diatoms; land use; National Water-Quality Assessment ID HEADWATER STREAMS; BENTHIC DIATOM; LANDSCAPE; INTEGRITY; FAUNA; CLASSIFICATIONS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS AB We developed empirical models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages to assess the biological condition of 268 streams sampled from 1993 to 2002 in 7 major river basins in the Appalachian region of the USA. These models estimate the expected taxonomic composition at each site based on observed variation in taxonomic composition at reference sites. The index, O/E, is the ratio of the number of predicted taxa that were observed (0) to that expected (E) to occur at a site and is a measure of taxonomic completeness. We compared how O/E for each assemblage varied among major landuse settings and whether impaired assemblages were associated with particular physicochemical conditions. We also examined concordance among assemblages in their response to stress. Biological, chemical, and physical data were collected following consistent protocols. We used land-cover criteria, published data, and topographic maps to classify sites by major landuse setting. Fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages had been sampled at 73, 108, and 52, respectively, of the least disturbed sites used to establish reference conditions. The models accounted for a substantial portion of the natural variation in taxonomic composition across sites that was associated with biogeographic, climatic, and basin-scale factors and generally were unbiased across the range of environmental gradients observed in the region. Assessments at nonreference sites showed that impairment of fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages was most strongly associated with agriculture and urban land uses, whereas impairment of diatom assemblages was most strongly associated with mining in the basin. Concordance in assessments among assemblages was not strong. Assessments based on 2 assemblages differed in 28 to 57% of cases, and assessments were never concordant for cases where all 3 assemblages were sampled. Furthermore, only 1/2 of these cases would have been assessed as ecologically impaired had only I assemblage been sampled. Differences between observed and predicted frequencies of occurrence for individual taxa were generally consistent with known tolerances to environmental stressors and might aid in identifying causes of biological impairment. C1 [Carlisle, Daren M.; Meador, Michael R.; Falcone, James] US Geol Survey, Nat Water Qual Assessment Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hawkins, Charles P.] Utah State Univ, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Potapova, Marina] Natl Acad Sci, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Carlisle, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Nat Water Qual Assessment Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dcarlisle@usgs.gov; chuck.hawkins@usu.edu; mrmeador@usgs.gov; potapova@acnatsci.org; jfalcone@usgs.gov RI Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008; Potapova, Marina/E-4948-2014 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248; NR 81 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 30 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 16 EP 37 DI 10.1899/06-081.1 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 263FN UT WOS:000253203100002 ER PT J AU Saha, S Layzer, JB AF Saha, Samrat Layzer, James B. TI Evaluation of a nonlethal technique for determining sex of freshwater mussels SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE unionidae; gonadal fluid; histology; gametes; gametogenesis ID MOLLUSCA; UNIONIDAE; POPULATION; BIOPSY AB The shells of most North American freshwater mussel species are not sexually dimorphic. During the brooding period, gravid females can be identified by inspection of marsupial gills; however, it is difficult to separate nongravid females from males in species lacking sexual dimorphism. The ability to differentiate males from females throughout the year would assist mussel conservation and research. Our objective was to test the accuracy and safety of a method to determine the sex of live mussels. We used a syringe to extract similar to 0.2 mL of gonadal fluid from 67 Elliptio dilatata and 65 Actinonaias ligamentina. The fluid was stained and examined microscopically for developing gametes. This method was safe and effective for determining the sex of mussels. After 1 y, survival was indistinguishable between test and control groups for both species. We sacrificed 4 to 7 E. dilatata and A. ligamentina at 3-mo intervals and examined histological sections of gonads. Sex assigned from examination of gonadal fluid and histological sections agreed in most cases (E. dilatata: 100%, A. ligamentina: 89%). C1 [Saha, Samrat] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Layzer, James B.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM ssaha2l@tntech.edu; jim_layzer@tntech.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 12 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1899/07-004R.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 263FN UT WOS:000253203100007 ER PT J AU Moles, KR Layzer, JB AF Moles, Kendall R. Layzer, James B. TI Reproductive ecology of Actinonaias ligamentina (Bivalvia : Unionidae) in a regulated river SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; fertilization; gravidity; fecundity; dam ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA; LAMPSILIS-RADIATA; BROOD SIZE; MOLLUSCA; SPERMATOZEUGMATA; POPULATIONS; ALLOCATION; FECUNDITY; SPERM AB Factors affecting the reproductive success of freshwater mussels in lotic systems are poorly understood. Gravidity, fecundity, and fertilization success of Actinonaias ligamentina were examined at 4 sites along a 63-km reach of the Green River immediately below the Green River Dam, Kentucky. No gravid females were collected at the site closest to the dam, and the percentage of gravid females at downstream sites ranged from 20 to 36%. Not all females became gravid, despite the presence of early stages of ova in the gonadal fluid. This observation suggests that female A. ligamentina undergo a resting stage and, therefore, might not become gravid every year. Fecundity differed among sites and increased with distance from the dam. Fertilization rates ranged from 32 to 97% among sites and increased with distance from the dam. Fertilization rate was independent of local mussel density and position in the mussel bed. The high fertilization rates observed in the upstream portions of mussel beds indicate that freshwater mussel sperm have the ability to travel to distant females in lotic systems. Therefore, females are not necessarily dependent upon nearby males for fertilization. Successful fertilization of A. ligamentina at low mussel densities in the Green River suggests that natural recovery of rare endangered species might be possible if host fish and suitable conditions for juvenile survival and growth are present. C1 [Moles, Kendall R.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Layzer, James B.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Moles, KR (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM kmoles@tntech.edu; jim_layzer@tntech.edu NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 24 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.1899/07-006.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 263FN UT WOS:000253203100016 ER PT J AU Wong, TP Byappanahalli, M Yoneyama, B Ray, C AF Wong, Tiow-Ping Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara Yoneyama, Bunnie Ray, Chittaranjan TI An evaluation of the mobility of pathogen indicators, Escherichia coli and bacteriophage MS-2, in a highly weathered tropical soil under unsaturated conditions SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE E. coli; linear alkylbenzene sulfonate; MS-2 phage; polyacrylamide; soil column; tropical soils ID POLYACRYLAMIDE; INFILTRATION; EROSION; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; VIRUSES; ENVIRONMENT; SURFACES; COLUMNS; WATER AB Laboratory column experiments were conducted to study the effects of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer and surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on the movement of Escherichia coli and the FRNA phage MS-2. The study was designed to evaluate if PAM or PAM + LAS would enhance the mobility of human pathogens in tropical soils under unsaturated conditions. No breakthrough of phage was observed in a 10 cm column after passing 100 pore volumes of solution containing 1 x 10(8) plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml. In later experiments, after passing 10-20 Pore volumes of influent containing 1 x 10(8)/ml MS-2 or E. coli through 15 cm columns, the soil was sliced and the organisms eluted. Phage moved slightly deeper in the polymer-treated column than in the control column. There was no measurable difference in the movement of E. coli in either polymer-treated or control columns. The properties of the soil (high amounts of metal oxides, kaolinitic clay), unsaturated flow conditions, and relatively high ionic strengths of the leaching solution attributed to significant retention of these indicators. The impacts of PAM and LAS on the mobility of E. coli or MS-2 phage in the chosen soils were not significant. C1 [Wong, Tiow-Ping; Yoneyama, Bunnie; Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wong, Tiow-Ping; Ray, Chittaranjan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara] US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Ray, C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM byappan@usgs.gov; byone@eng.hawaii.edu; cray@hawaii.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD MAR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 1 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.2166/wh.2007.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 261AB UT WOS:000253050400012 PM 17998614 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ Matchett, MR Toombs, TP Cully, JF Johnson, TL Sidle, JG AF Augustine, David J. Matchett, Marc R. Toombs, Theodore P. Cully, Jack F., Jr. Johnson, Tammi L. Sidle, John G. TI Spatiotemporal dynamics of black-tailed prairie dog colonies affected by plague SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance processes; grassland; grazing; great plains; mixed-grass prairie; semi-arid rangeland; shortgrass steppe ID MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; BISON; VEGETATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS AB Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are a key component of the disturbance regime in semi-arid grasslands of central North America. Many studies have compared community and ecosystem characteristics on prairie dog colonies to grasslands without prairie dogs, but little is known about landscape-scale patterns of disturbance that prairie dog colony complexes may impose on grasslands over long time periods. We examined spatiotemporal dynamics in two prairie dog colony complexes in southeastern Colorado (Comanche) and northcentral Montana (Phillips County) that have been strongly influenced by plague, and compared them to a complex unaffected by plague in northwestern Nebraska (Oglala). Both plague-affected complexes exhibited substantial spatiotemporal variability in the area occupied during a decade, in contrast to the stability of colonies in the Oglala complex. However, the plague-affected complexes differed in spatial patterns of colony movement. Colonies in the Comanche complex in shortgrass steppe shifted locations over a decade. Only 10% of the area occupied in 1995 was still occupied by prairie dogs in 2006. In 2005 and 2006 respectively, 74 and 83% of the total area of the Comanche complex occurred in locations that were not occupied in 1995, and only 1% of the complex was occupied continuously over a decade. In contrast, prairie dogs in the Phillips County complex in mixed-grass prairie and sagebrush steppe primarily recolonized previously occupied areas after plague-induced colony declines. In Phillips County, 62% of the area occupied in 1993 was also occupied by prairie dogs in 2004, and 12% of the complex was occupied continuously over a decade. Our results indicate that plague accelerates spatiotemporal movement of prairie dog colonies, and have significant implications for landscape-scale effects of prairie dog disturbance on grassland composition and productivity. These findings highlight the need to combine landscape-scale measures of habitat suitability with long-term measures of colony locations to understand the role of plague-affected prairie dogs as a grassland disturbance process. C1 [Augustine, David J.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Matchett, Marc R.] USFWS Charles M Russell Natl Wildlife Refuge, Lewiston, MT 59457 USA. [Toombs, Theodore P.] Environm Def, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, USGS BRD Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Johnson, Tammi L.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Sidle, John G.] USDA, Forest Serv, Chadron, NE 69337 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM David.Augustine@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9175-6 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 275ZY UT WOS:000254112100002 ER PT J AU O'Connor, BL Hondzo, M AF O'Connor, Ben L. Hondzo, Miki TI Dissolved oxygen transfer to sediments by sweep and eject motions in aquatic environments SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER INTERFACE; MASS-TRANSFER; TURBULENCE; ORGANISMS; NUMBERS; FLUX; FLOW AB Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were quantified near the sediment-water interface to evaluate DO transfer to sediments in a laboratory recirculating flume and open channel under varying fluid-flow conditions. DO concentration fluctuations were observed within the diffusive sublayer, as defined by the time-averaged DO concentration gradient near the sediment-water interface. Evaluation of the DO concentration fluctuations along with detailed fluid-flow characterizations were used to quantify quasi-periodic sweep and eject motions (bursting events) near the sediments. Bursting events dominated the Reynolds shear stresses responsible for momentum and mass fluctuations near the sediment bed. Two independent methods for detecting bursting events using DO concentration and velocity data produced consistent results. The average time between bursting events was scaled with wall variables and was incorporated into a similarity model to describe the dimensionless mass transfer coefficient (Sherwood number, Sh) in terms of the Reynolds number, Re, and Schmidt number, Sc, which described transport in the flow. The scaling of bursting events was employed with the similarity model to quantify DO transfer to sediments and results showed a high degree of agreement with experimental data. C1 [O'Connor, Ben L.; Hondzo, Miki] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP O'Connor, BL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 430 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM boconnor@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 566 EP 578 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.2.0566 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZM UT WOS:000256498700016 ER PT J AU Belkin, HE Luo, K AF Belkin, H. E. Luo, K. TI Late-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) from the Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PGE-AU MINERALIZATION; SOUTH CHINA; ORES; EVOLUTION; ISOTOPES; FOSSILS; EMBRYOS; SYSTEM; LAYERS; HUNAN AB The Ni-Mo Huangjiawan mine, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China, occurs in Lower Cambrian black shale (stone coal) in an area where other mines have recently extracted ore from the same horizon. Detailed electron microprobe (EMPA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of representative thin sections have revealed a complex assemblage of sulfides and sulfarsenides. Early sulfidic and phosphatic nodules and host matrix have been lithified, somewhat fractured, and then mineralized with later-stage sulfides and sulfarsenides. Gersdorffite, millerite, polydymite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, and clausthalite have been recognized. EMPA data are given for the major phases. Pyrite trace-element distributions and coeval Ni-, As-sulfides indicate that in the main ore layer, the last sulfide deposition was Ni-As-Co-rich. Mo and V deposition were early in the petrogenesis of these rocks. The assemblages gersdorffite-millerite-polydymite (pyrite) and millerite-gersdorffite (pyrite) and the composition of gersdorffite indicate a formation temperature of between 200 degrees and 300 degrees C suggesting that the last solutions to infiltrate and mineralize the samples were related to hydrothermal processes. Environmentally sensitive elements such as As, Cd, and Se are hosted by sulfides and sulfarsenides and are the main source of these elements to residual soil. Crops grown on them are enriched in these elements, and they may be hazardous for animal and human consumption. C1 [Belkin, H. E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Luo, K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Belkin, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM hbelkin@usgs.gov; luokl@igsnrr.ac.cn OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s00710-007-0201-9 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 274AY UT WOS:000253975400003 ER PT J AU Perlut, NG Freeman-Gallant, CR Strong, AM Donovan, TM Kilpatrick, CW Zalik, NJ AF Perlut, Noah G. Freeman-Gallant, Corey R. Strong, Allan M. Donovan, Therese M. Kilpatrick, C. William Zalik, Nathan J. TI Agricultural management affects evolutionary processes in a migratory songbird SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural management; evolutionary processes; female breeding synchrony; Savannah sparrow; sexual selection; social and genetic mating systems ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; BREEDING SYNCHRONY; MATING SYSTEMS; REPRODUCTIVE SYNCHRONY; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SAVANNA SPARROWS; SEXUAL SELECTION; QUALITY; SIMILARITY AB Hay harvests have detrimental ecological effects on breeding songbirds, as harvesting results in nest failure. Importantly, whether harvesting also affects evolutionary processes is not known. We explored how hay harvest affected social and genetic mating patterns, and thus, the overall opportunity for sexual selection and evolutionary processes for a ground-nesting songbird, the Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis). On an unharvested field, 55% of females were in polygynous associations, and social polygyny was associated with greater rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP). In this treatment, synchrony explained variation in Est failure caused by haying dramatically decreased the overall incidence of EPP by increasing the occurrence of social monogamy and, apparently, the PP rates, as broods by more synchronous females had more EPP than broods by asynchronous females. In contrast, on a harvested field, simultaneous neability of polygynous males to maintain paternity in their own nests. Despite increased social and genetic monogamy, these haying-mediated changes in mating systems resulted in greater than twofold increase in the opportunity for sexual selection. This effect arose, in part, from a 30% increase in the variance associated with within-pair fertilization success, relative to the unharvested field. This effect was caused by a notable increase (+110%) in variance associated with the quality of social mates following simultaneous nest failure. Because up to 40% of regional habitat is harvested by early June, these data may demonstrate a strong population-level effect on mating systems, sexual selection, and consequently, evolutionary processes. C1 [Perlut, Noah G.] Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.] US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Freeman-Gallant, Corey R.] Skidmore Coll, Dept Biol, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. [Donovan, Therese M.; Zalik, Nathan J.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Kilpatrick, C. William] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Perlut, NG (reprint author), Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM nperlut@uvm.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1255 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03695.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 267AW UT WOS:000253481600009 PM 18302687 ER PT J AU Switzer, JF Welsh, SA King, TL AF Switzer, John F. Welsh, Stuart A. King, Tim L. TI Microsatellite DNA primers for the candy darter, Etheostoma osburni and variegate darter, Etheostoma variatum, and cross-species amplification in other darters (Percidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE candy darter; Etheostoma; hybridization; microsatellite DNA; Percidae; variegate darter AB In order to investigate a potential hybrid zone between the candy darter, Etheostoma osburni, and variegate darter, Etheostoma variatum, and examine population variation within E. osburni, a suite of primers for 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.5 in E. osburni and 7.6 in E. variatum, and the average observed heterozygosities were 62.5% and 71.4%, respectively. There were no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no observed linkage disequilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The utility of these primers was also tested in 11 species of darters representing all four genera of darters. Success of cross-species amplification was largely consistent with phylogenetic relationships of darters. C1 [Switzer, John F.; King, Tim L.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Welsh, Stuart A.] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, WV Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Switzer, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM jswitzer@usgs.gov NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01946.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271ZN UT WOS:000253827300020 PM 21585784 ER PT J AU Ramey, A Graziano, SL Nielsen, JL AF Ramey, A. Graziano, S. L. Nielsen, J. L. TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the Arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE arctic; Coregonus autumnalis; microsatellite; source population; subsistence ID BEAUFORT SEA AB Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the Arctic cisco, Coregonus autumnalis. Loci were evaluated in 21 samples from the Colville River subsistence fishery. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 18. Observed heterozygosity of loci varied from 0.10 to 1.00, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.09 to 0.92. All eight microsatellite markers were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The loci presented here will be useful in describing population structure and exploring populations of origin for Arctic cisco. C1 [Ramey, A.; Graziano, S. L.; Nielsen, J. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ramey, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM aramey@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 357 EP 359 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01955.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271ZN UT WOS:000253827300027 PM 21585791 ER PT J AU Landis, ED Purcell, MK Thorgaard, GH Wheeler, PA Hansen, JD AF Landis, Eric D. Purcell, Maureen K. Thorgaard, Gary H. Wheeler, Paul A. Hansen, John D. TI Transcriptional profiling of MHC class I genes in rainbow trout infected with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MHC; trout; transcription; IHNV; regulation ID KILLER-CELL RECEPTORS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; TELEOST FISH; MOLECULES; LINKAGE; COMPLEX; IMMUNITY; REGIONS; FAMILY AB Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are important mediators of cell-mediated immunity in vertebrates. MHC class IA molecules are important for host anti-viral immunity as they present intracellular antigens and regulate natural killer cell (NK) activity. MHC class Ib molecules on the other hand are less understood and have demonstrated diverse immune and non-immune functions in mammals. Rainbow trout possess a single classical MHC IA locus (Onmy-UBA) that is believed to function similar to that of mammalian MHC class Ia. Numerous MHC class Ib genes with undetermined functions have also been described in trout. Here we utilize quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) techniques to survey the levels of basal and inducible transcription for selected trout MHC class Ib genes, sIgM and sentinels of IFN induction in response to viral infection. Basal transcription of all the class Ib genes examined in this study was lower than Onmy-UBA in naive fish. UBA, along with all of the non-classical genes were induced in fish infected with virus but not in control fish. Our results support a non-classical designation for the majority of the class IB genes surveyed in this study based upon expression levels while also indicating that they may play an important role in anti-viral immunity in trout. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Landis, Eric D.; Purcell, Maureen K.; Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Landis, Eric D.; Hansen, John D.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Thorgaard, Gary H.; Wheeler, Paul A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hansen, John D.] Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jdh25@u.washington.edu OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1646 EP 1657 DI 10.1016/j.inolimm.2007.10.003 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 276ZI UT WOS:000254181800011 PM 18187194 ER PT J AU Petrisko, JE Pearl, CA Pilliod, DS Sheridan, PP Williams, CF Peterson, CR Bury, RB AF Petrisko, Jill E. Pearl, Christopher A. Pilliod, David S. Sheridan, Peter P. Williams, Charles F. Peterson, Charles R. Bury, R. Bruce TI Saprolegniaceae identified on amphibian eggs throughout the Pacific Northwest, USA, by internal transcribed spacer sequences and phylogenetic analysis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Achlya; amphibian decline; egg; lake; Leplolegnia; oomycete; Saprolegnia ferax; S. semihypogyna ID AQUATIC FUNGI; WATER MOLD; DNA; SAPROLEGNIOMYCETIDAE; PHYTOPHTHORA; PARASITICA; MORTALITY; EVOLUTION; PATHOGEN; TAXONOMY AB We assessed the diversity and phylogeny of Saprolegniaceae on amphibian eggs from the Pacific Northwest, with particular focus on Saprolegnia ferax, a species implicated in high egg mortality. We identified isolates from eggs of six amphibians with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S gene regions and BLAST of the GenBank database. We identified 68 sequences as Saprolegniaceae and 43 sequences as true fungi front at least nine genera. Our phylogenetic analysis of the Saprolegniaceae included isolates within the genera Saprolegnia, Achlya and Leplolegnia. Our phylogeny grouped S. semihypogyna with Achlya rather than with the Saprolegnia reference sequences. We found only one isolate that grouped closely with S. ferax, and this came from a hatchery raised salmon (Idaho) that we sampled opportunistically. We had representatives of 7-12 species and three genera of Saprolegniaceae on our amphibian eggs. Further work on the ecological roles of different species of Saprolegniaceae is needed to clarify their potential importance in amphibian egg mortality and potential links to population declines. C1 [Petrisko, Jill E.; Sheridan, Peter P.; Williams, Charles F.; Peterson, Charles R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Pearl, Christopher A.; Bury, R. Bruce] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Petrisko, JE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 1776 Sci Ctr Dr,Suite 205, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM petrisko@uidaho.edu NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.3852/mycologia.100.2.171 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 311XA UT WOS:000256632500001 PM 18592894 ER PT J AU Neff, JC Ballantyne, AP Farmer, GL Mahowald, NM Conroy, JL Landry, CC Overpeck, JT Painter, TH Lawrence, CR Reynolds, RL AF Neff, J. C. Ballantyne, A. P. Farmer, G. L. Mahowald, N. M. Conroy, J. L. Landry, C. C. Overpeck, J. T. Painter, T. H. Lawrence, C. R. Reynolds, R. L. TI Increasing eolian dust deposition in the western United States linked to human activity SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SIERRA-NEVADA; MID-CONTINENT; NORTH-AMERICA; ND; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Mineral aerosols from dust are an important influence on climate and on marine and terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. These aerosols are generated from wind erosion of surface soils. The amount of dust emission can therefore be affected by human activities that alter surface sediments. However, changes in regional- and global-scale dust fluxes following the rapid expansion of human populations and settlements over the past two centuries are not well understood. Here we determine the accumulation rates and geochemical properties of alpine lake sediments from the western interior United States for the past 5,000 years. We find that dust load levels increased by 500% above the late Holocene average following the increased western settlement of the United States during the nineteenth century. We suggest that the increased dust deposition is caused by the expansion of livestock grazing in the early twentieth century. The larger dust flux, which persists into the early twenty-first century, results in a more than fivefold increase in inputs of K, Mg, Ca, N and P to the alpine ecosystems, with implications for surface-water alkalinity, aquatic productivity and terrestrial nutrient cycling. C1 [Neff, J. C.; Ballantyne, A. P.; Farmer, G. L.; Lawrence, C. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Farmer, G. L.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahowald, N. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mahowald, N. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Conroy, J. L.; Overpeck, J. T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Landry, C. C.] Ctr Snow & Avalanche Studies, Silverton, CO 81443 USA. [Overpeck, J. T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Overpeck, J. T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Painter, T. H.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Reynolds, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Neff, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, CB399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM neffjc@colorado.edu RI Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Lawrence, Corey/F-4742-2014; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; OI Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Lawrence, Corey/0000-0002-0219-9610; NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 53 TC 196 Z9 198 U1 6 U2 104 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1038/ngeo133 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309AZ UT WOS:000256433400019 ER PT J AU Lyons, JE Collazo, JA Guglielmo, CG AF Lyons, James E. Collazo, Jaime A. Guglielmo, Christopher G. TI Plasma metabolites and migration physiology of semipalmated sandpipers: refueling performance at five latitudes SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE triglyceride; phospholipid; beta-OH-butyrate; glycerol; Calidris pusilla ID BODY-MASS CHANGES; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; CALIDRIS-MAURI; DELAWARE BAY; LIPID METABOLITES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SHOREBIRD; STOPOVER; RATES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS AB Long-distance bird migration is fueled by energy gathered at stopover sites along the migration route. The refueling rate at stopover sites is a determinant of time spent at stopovers and impacts the overall speed of migration. Refueling rate during spring migration may influence the fitness of individuals via changes in the probability of successful migration and reproduction during the subsequent breeding season. We evaluated four plasma lipid metabolites (triglycerides, phospholipids, beta-OH-butyrate, and glycerol) as measures of refueling rate in free-living semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) captured at non-breeding areas. We described the spatial and temporal variation in metabolite concentrations among one winter site in the Dominican Republic and four stopover sites in the South Atlantic and Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain regions of North America. Triglycerides and beta-OH-butyrate clearly identified spatial variation in refueling rate and stopover habitat quality. Metabolite profiles indicated that birds had higher refueling rates at one site in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain than at three sites on the South Atlantic Coastal Plain and one site in the Dominican Republic. Temporal variation in lipid metabolites during the migration season suggested that male semipalmated sandpipers gained more weight at stopovers on the South Atlantic Coastal Plain than did females, evidence of differential migration strategies for the sexes. Plasma lipid metabolites provide information on migration physiology that may help determine stopover habitat quality and reveal how migratory populations use stopover sites to refuel and successfully complete long-distance migrations. C1 [Lyons, James E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collazo, Jaime A.] N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool & US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Guglielmo, Christopher G.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Lyons, JE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM james_lyons@fws.gov NR 43 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 417 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0921-x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277TV UT WOS:000254238500002 PM 18071757 ER PT J AU Kieffer, HH Mullins, KF MacKinnon, DJ AF Kieffer, Hugh H. Mullins, Kevin F. MacKinnon, David J. TI Validation of the ASTER instrument level 1A scene geometry SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB An independent assessment of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument geometry was undertaken by the U.S. ASTER Team, to confirm the geometric correction parameters developed and applied to Level 1A (radiometrically and geometrically raw with correction parameters appended) ASTER data. The goal was to evaluate the geometric quality of the ASTER System and the stability of the Terra spacecraft. ASTER is a 15-band system containing optical instruments with resolutions from 15- to 90-meters; all geometrically registered products are ultimately tied to the 15-meter Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) sub-system. Our evaluation process first involved establishing a large database of Ground Control Points (GCP) in the mid-western United States; an area with features of an appropriate size for spacecraft instrument resolutions. We used standard US. Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Orthophoto Quads (DoQs) of areas in the mid-west to locate accurate GCPS by systematically identiffing road intersections and recording their coordinates. Elevations for these points were derived from USGs Digital Elevation Models (DEMS). Road intersections in a swath of nine contiguous ASTER scenes were then matched to the GCPS, including terrain correction. We found no significant distortion in the images; after a simple image offset to absolute position, the RMS residual of about 200 points per scene was less than one-half a VNIR pixel, Absolute locations were within 80 meters, with a slow drift of about 10 meters over the entire 530-kilometer swath. Using strictly simultaneous observations of scenes 370 kilometers apart, we determined a stereo angle correction of 0.00134 degree with an accuracy of one microradian. The mid-west GCP field and the techniques used here should be widely applicable in assessing other spacecraft instruments having resolutions from 5 to 50-meters. C1 [Kieffer, Hugh H.; Mullins, Kevin F.; MacKinnon, David J.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mullins, KF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kevin.mullins@coconino.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 289 EP 301 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 269RE UT WOS:000253666000004 ER PT J AU Furfaro, R Dohm, JM Fink, W Kargel, J Schulze-Makuch, D Fairen, AG Palmero-Rodriguez, A Baker, VR Ferre, PT Hare, TM Tarbell, MA Miyamoto, H Komatsu, G AF Furfaro, R. Dohm, J. M. Fink, W. Kargel, J. Schulze-Makuch, D. Fairen, A. G. Palmero-Rodriguez, A. Baker, V. R. Ferre, P. T. Hare, T. M. Tarbell, M. A. Miyamoto, H. Komatsu, G. TI The search for life beyond Earth through fuzzy expert systems SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fuzzy logic; tier-scalable mission autonomy; astrobiology; search for life; bobotic planetary exploration; autonomous planetary reconnaissance ID PLANETARY RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS; LINGUISTIC-SYNTHESIS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; PARADIGM SHIFT; THARSIS REGION; MARS ODYSSEY; ENVIRONMENTS; EXPLORATION; ENCELADUS; DEPOSITS AB Autonomy will play a key role in future science-driven, tier-scalable robotic planetary reconnaissance to extremely challenging (by existing means), locales on Mars and elsewhere that have the potential to yield significant geological and possibly exobiologic information. The full-scale and optimal deployment of the agents employed by tier-scalable architectures requires the design, implementation, and integration of an intelligent reconnaissance system. Such a system should be designed to enable fully automated and comprehensive characterization of an operational area, as well as to integrate existing information with acquired, "in transit" spatial and temporal sensor data, to identify and home in on prime candidate locales. These may include locales with the greatest potential of containing life. Founded on the premise that water and energy are key to life, we have designed a fuzzy system that can (1) acquire the appropriate past/present water/energy indicators while the tier-scalable mission architecture is deployed (first layer), and (2) evaluate habitability through a specialized fuzzy knowledge-base of the water and energy information (second layer) acquired in (1). The system has been tested through hypothetical deployments at two hypothesized regions on Mars. The fuzzy-based expert's simulation results corroborate the same conclusions provided by the human expert, and thus highlight the system's potential capability to effectively and autonomously reason as an interdisciplinary scientist in the quest for life. While the approach is demonstrated for Mars, the methodology is general enough to be extended to other planetary bodies. It can be readily modified and updated as our interdisciplinary understanding of planetary environments improves. We believe this work represents a foundational step toward implementing higher-level intelligence in robotic. tier-scalable planetary reconnaissance within and beyond the solar system. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Furfaro, R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dohm, J. M.; Kargel, J.; Baker, V. R.; Ferre, P. T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dohm, J. M.; Baker, V. R.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fink, W.; Tarbell, M. A.] CALTECH, Visual & Autonomous Explorat Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fairen, A. G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hare, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Palmero-Rodriguez, A.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Miyamoto, H.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo, Japan. [Komatsu, G.] Univ Annunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, Pescara, Italy. RP Furfaro, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM robertof@email.arizona.edu RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012; OI Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk/0000-0002-1923-9746 NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 448 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.09.006 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279QZ UT WOS:000254371000015 ER PT J AU Oberst, J Schwarz, G Behnke, T Hoffmann, H Matz, KD Flohrer, J Hirsch, H Roatsch, T Scholten, F Hauber, E Brinkmann, B Jaumann, R Williams, D Kirk, R Duxbury, T Leu, C Neukum, G AF Oberst, J. Schwarz, G. Behnke, T. Hoffmann, H. Matz, K. -D. Flohrer, J. Hirsch, H. Roatsch, T. Scholten, F. Hauber, E. Brinkmann, B. Jaumann, R. Williams, D. Kirk, R. Duxbury, T. Leu, C. Neukum, G. TI The imaging performance of the SRC on Mars Express SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars express; instruments; cameras ID RESOLUTION STEREO CAMERA; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; CHRONOLOGY; HRSC AB The Mars Express spacecraft carries the pushbroom scanner high-resolution stereo camera (HRSC) and its added imaging subsystem super resolution channel (SRC). The SRC is equipped with its own optical system and a 1024 x 1024 framing sensor. SRC produces snapshots with 2.3 in ground pixel size from the nominal spacecraft pericenter height of 250 km, which are typically embedded in the central part of the large HRSC scenes. The salient features of the SRC are its light-weight optics, a reliable CCD detector, and high-speed read-out electronics. The quality and effective visibility of details in the SRC images unfortunately falls short of what has been expected. in cases where thermal balance cannot be reached, artifacts, Such as blurring and "ghost features" are observed in the images. In addition, images show large numbers of blemish pixels and are plagued by electronic noise. As a consequence, we have developed various image improving algorithms, which are discussed in this paper. While results are encouraging, further studies of image restoration by dedicated processing appear worthwhile. The SRC has obtained more than 6940 images at the time of writing (1 September 2007), which often show fascinating details in surface morphology. SRC images are highly useful for a variety of applications in planetary geology, for studies of the Mars atmosphere, and for astrometric observations of the Martian satellites. This paper will give a full account of the design philosophy, technical concept, calibration, operation, integration with HRSC, and performance, as well as science accomplishments of the SRC. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oberst, J.; Behnke, T.; Hoffmann, H.; Matz, K. -D.; Flohrer, J.; Hirsch, H.; Roatsch, T.; Scholten, F.; Hauber, E.; Brinkmann, B.; Jaumann, R.] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Schwarz, G.] German Aerosp Ctr, Remote Sensing Technol Inst, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Williams, D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kirk, R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Duxbury, T.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Leu, C.; Neukum, G.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RP Oberst, J (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM Juergen.Oberst@dlr.de NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 473 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.09.009 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279QZ UT WOS:000254371000016 ER PT J AU Anderson, RS Jass, RB Toney, JL Allen, CD Cisneros-Dozal, LM Hess, M Heikoop, J Fessenden, J AF Anderson, R. Scott Jass, Renata B. Toney, Jaime L. Allen, Craig D. Cisneros-Dozal, Luz M. Hess, Marcey Heikoop, Jeff Fessenden, Julianna TI Development of the mixed conifer forest in northern New Mexico and its relationship to Holocene environmental change SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pollen analysis; charcoal analysis; isotope analysis; paleoecology; New Mexico ID SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; PAST 21,000 YEARS; ORGANIC-MATTER; VEGETATION HISTORY; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; BOTRYOCOCCUS-BRAUNII; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CENTRAL COLORADO; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MIDDLE HOLOCENE AB Chihuahuenos Bog (2925 in) in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico contains one of the few records of late-glacial and postglacial development of the mixed conifer forest in southwestern North America. The Chihuahuenos Bog record extends to over 15,000 cat yr BP. An Artemisia steppe, then an open Picea woodland grew around a small pond until ca. 11,700 cat yr BP when Pinus ponderosa became established. C/N ratios, delta(13)C and delta(15)N values indicate both terrestrial and aquatic organic matter was incorporated into the sediment. Higher percentages of aquatic algae and elevated C/N ratios indicate higher lake levels at the opening of the Holocene, but a wetland developed subsequently as climate warmed. From ca. 8500 to 6400 cat yr BP the pond desiccated in what must have been the driest period of the Holocene there. C/N ratios declined to their lowest Holocene levels, indicating intense decomposition in the sediment. Wetter conditions returned after 6400 cat yr BP, with conversion of the site to a sedge bog as groundwater levels rose. Higher charcoal influx rates after 6400 cat yr BP probably result from greater biomass production rates. Only minor shifts in the overstory species occurred during the Holocene, suggesting that mixed conifer forest dominated throughout the record. (C) 2008 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott; Jass, Renata B.; Toney, Jaime L.] No Arizona Univ, Quaternary Sci Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Anderson, R. Scott; Jass, Renata B.; Toney, Jaime L.] No Arizona Univ, Bilby Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Cisneros-Dozal, Luz M.; Hess, Marcey; Heikoop, Jeff; Fessenden, Julianna] Los Almos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, RS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Box 5694, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Scott.Anderson@nau.edu RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; Toney, Jaime/I-5083-2012; OI Toney, Jaime/0000-0003-3182-6887; Heikoop, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7648-3385 NR 86 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 69 IS 2 BP 263 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.12.002 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 285PB UT WOS:000254787600008 ER PT J AU Shafroth, PB Briggs, MK AF Shafroth, Patrick B. Briggs, Mark K. TI Restoration ecology and invasive riparian plants: An introduction to the special section on Tamarix spp. in western North America SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; restoration; riparian; saltcedar; tamarisk ID VEGETATION; AUSTRALIA; ZONES AB River systems around the world are subject to various perturbations, including the colonization and spread of non-native species in riparian zones. Riparian resource managers are commonly engaged in efforts to control problematic non-native species and restore native habitats. In western North America, small Eurasian trees or shrubs in the genus Tamarix occupy hundreds of thousands of hectares of riparian lands, and are the targets of substantial and costly control efforts and associated restoration activities. Still, significant information gaps exist regarding approaches used in control and restoration efforts and their effects on riparian ecosystems. In this special section of papers, eight articles address various aspects of control and restoration associated with Tamarix spp. These include articles focused on planning restoration and revegetation; a synthetic analysis of past restoration efforts; and several specific research endeavors examining plant responses, water use, and various wildlife responses (including birds, butterflies, and lizards). These articles represent important additions to the Tamarix spp. literature and contain many lessons and insights that should be transferable to other analogous situations in river systems globally. C1 [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Briggs, Mark K.] World Wildlife Fund, Chihuahuan Desert Program, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. RP Shafroth, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM shafrothp@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 12 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 94 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00362.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277EG UT WOS:000254194900012 ER PT J AU Shafroth, PB Beauchamp, VB Briggs, MK Lair, K Scott, ML Sher, AA AF Shafroth, Patrick B. Beauchamp, Vanessa B. Briggs, Mark K. Lair, Kenneth Scott, Michael L. Sher, Anna A. TI Planning riparian restoration in the context of Tamarix control in western North America SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE invasive species; passive restoration; revegetation; saltcedar; soil salinity; tamarisk ID INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION RESPONSE; ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS; FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; COLORADO RIVER; NATIVE POPULUS; WATER SALVAGE; MOJAVE DESERT; FLOW REGIMES AB Throughout the world, the condition of many riparian ecosystems has declined due to numerous factors, including encroachment of non-native species. In the western United States, millions of dollars are spent annually to control invasions of Tamarix spp., introduced small trees or shrubs from Eurasia that have colonized bottomland ecosystems along many rivers. Resource managers seek to control Tamarix in attempts to meet various objectives, such as increasing water yield and improving wildlife habitat. Often, riparian restoration is an implicit goal, but there has been little emphasis on a process or principles to effectively plan restoration activities, and many Tamarix removal projects are unsuccessful at restoring native vegetation. We propose and summarize the key steps in a planning process aimed at developing effective restoration projects in Tamarix-dominated areas. We discuss in greater detail the biotic and abiotic factors central to the evaluation of potential restoration sites and summarize information about plant communities likely to replace Tamarix under various conditions. Although many projects begin with implementation, which includes the actual removal of Tamarix, we stress the importance of pre-project planning that includes: (1) clearly identifying project goals; (2) developing realistic project objectives based on a detailed evaluation of site conditions; (3) prioritizing and selecting Tamarix control sites with the best chance of ecological recovery; and (4) developing a detailed tactical plan before Tamarix is removed. After removal, monitoring and maintenance as part of an adaptive management approach are crucial for evaluating project success and determining the most effective methods for restoring these challenging sites. C1 [Shafroth, Patrick B.; Scott, Michael L.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Beauchamp, Vanessa B.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Briggs, Mark K.] World Wildlife Fund, Chihuahuan Desert Program, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. [Lair, Kenneth] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Tech Serv Ctr, Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Sher, Anna A.] Denver Bot Gardens, Res & Conservat Unit, Denver, CO 80209 USA. [Sher, Anna A.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80209 USA. RP Shafroth, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM shafrothp@usgs.gov OI Sher, Anna/0000-0002-6433-9746 NR 119 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 97 EP 112 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00360.x PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277EG UT WOS:000254194900013 ER PT J AU Nagler, PL Glenn, EP Didan, K Osterberg, J Jordan, F Cunningham, J AF Nagler, Pamela L. Glenn, Edward P. Didan, Kamel Osterberg, John Jordan, Fiona Cunningham, Jack TI Wide-area estimates of stand structure and water use of Tamarix spp. on the Lower Colorado River: Implications for restoration and water management projects SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Populus; prosopis; revegetation; riparian; Salix; tamarix; water salvage ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SOUTH-AFRICA; RAMOSISSIMA STANDS; POPULUS-FREMONTII; CAPILLARY-FRINGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; UNITED-STATES; NATIVE TREES; DELTA; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Tamarix spp. removal has been proposed to salvage water and allow native vegetation to recolonize western U.S. riparian corridors. We conducted wide-area studies on the Lower Colorado River to answer some of the scientific questions about Tamarix water use and the consequences of removal, combining ground surveys with remote sensing methods. Tamarix stands had moderate rates of evapo-transpiration (ET), based on remote sensing estimates, averaging 1.1 m/yr, similar to rates determined for other locations on the river and other rivers. Leaf area index values were also moderate, and stands were relatively open, with areas of bare soil interspersed within stands. At three Tamarix sites in the Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, groundwater salinity at the site nearest to the river (200 m) was relatively low (circa 2,250 mg/L) and was within 3 m of the surface. However, 750 and 1,500 m from the river, the groundwater salinity was 5,000-10,000 mg/L due to removal of water by the Tamarix stands. Despite the high groundwater salinity, the sites away from the river did not have saline surface soils. Only 1% of the mean annual river flow is lost to Tamarix ET on the Lower Colorado River in the United States, and the opportunities for water salvage through Tamarix removal are constrained by its modest ET rates. A possible alternative to Tamarix removal is to intersperse native plants among the stands to improve the habitat value of the riparian zone. C1 [Glenn, Edward P.; Jordan, Fiona] Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Nagler, Pamela L.] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Didan, Kamel] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Osterberg, John; Cunningham, Jack] US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Glenn, EP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. EM eglenn@ag.arizona.edu NR 55 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00356.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277EG UT WOS:000254194900016 ER PT J AU Sogge, MK Sferra, SJ Paxton, EH AF Sogge, Mark K. Sferra, Susan J. Paxton, Eben H. TI Tamarix as habitat for birds: Implications for riparian restoration in the southwestern United States SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Coccyzus americanus; Diorhabda; Empidonax traillii extimus; riparian birds; Tamarix ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; NEW-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NESTING SUCCESS; VEGETATION; COMMUNITIES; SALTCEDAR; VALLEY; PHYSIOGNOMY; GRASSLANDS AB Exotic vegetation has become a major habitat component in many ecosystems around the world, sometimes dramatically changing the vegetation community structure and composition. In the southwestern United States, riparian ecosystems are undergoing major changes in part due to the establishment and spread of the exotic Tamarix (salt-cedar, tamarisk). There are concerns about the suitability of Tamarix as habitat for birds. Although Tamarix habitats tend to support fewer species and individuals than native habitats, Arizona Breeding Bird Atlas data and Birds of North America accounts show that 49 species use Tamarix as breeding habitat. Importantly, the relative use of Tamarix and its quality as habitat vary substantially by geographic location and bird species. Few studies have examined how breeding in Tamarix actually affects bird survivorship and productivity; recent research on Southwestern Willow Flycatchers has found no negative effects from breeding in Tamarix habitats. Therefore, the ecological benefits and costs of Tamarix control are difficult to predict and are likely to be species specific and site specific. Given the likelihood that high-quality native riparian vegetation will not develop at all Tamarix control sites, restoration projects that remove Tamarix but do not assure replacement by high-quality native habitat have the potential to reduce the net riparian habitat value for some local or regional bird populations. Therefore, an assessment of potential negative impacts is important in deciding if exotic control should be conducted. In addition, measurable project objectives, appropriate control and restoration techniques, and robust monitoring are all critical to effective restoration planning and execution. C1 [Sogge, Mark K.; Paxton, Eben H.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Sferra, Susan J.] US Bur Reclamat, Phoenix Area Off, Glendale, AZ 85306 USA. RP Sogge, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, 2255 Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM mark_sogge@usgs.gov OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 NR 72 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 11 U2 79 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00357.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277EG UT WOS:000254194900017 ER PT J AU van Riper, C Paxton, KL O'Brien, C Shafroth, PB McGrath, LJ AF van Riper, Charles, III Paxton, Kristina L. O'Brien, Chris Shafroth, Patrick B. McGrath, Laura J. TI Rethinking avian response to Tamarix on the lower Colorado River: A threshold hypothesis SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; habitat restoration; invasive species; lower Colorado River in Arizona; riparian habitat; Tamarix ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; HABITAT SELECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY; BIRDS; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; WATER; BIODIVERSITY AB Many of the world's large river systems have been greatly altered in the past century due to river regulation, agriculture, and invasion of introduced Tamarix spp. (saltcedar, tamarisk). These riverine ecosystems are known to provide important habitat for avian communities, but information on responses of birds to differing levels of Tamarix is not known. Past research on birds along the Colorado River has shown that avian abundance in general is greater in native than in non-native habitat. In this article, we address habitat restoration on the lower Colorado River by comparing abundance and diversity of avian communities at a matrix of different amounts of native and non-native habitats at National Wildlife Refuges in Arizona. Two major patterns emerged from this study: (1) Not all bird species responded to Tamarix in a similar fashion, and for many bird species, abundance was highest at intermediate Tamarix levels (40-60%), suggesting a response threshold. (2) In Tamarix-dominated habitats, the greatest increase in bird abundance occurred when small amounts of native vegetation were present as a component of that habitat. In fact, Tamarix was the best vegetation predictor of avian abundance when compared to vegetation density and canopy cover. Our results suggest that to positively benefit avian abundance and diversity, one cost-effective way to rehabilitate larger monoculture Tamarix stands would be to add relatively low levels of native vegetation (similar to 20-40%) within homogenous Tamarix habitat. In addition, this could be much more cost effective and feasible than attempting to replace all Tamarix with native vegetation. C1 [van Riper, Charles, III; O'Brien, Chris] Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr SDRS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Paxton, Kristina L.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [McGrath, Laura J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP van Riper, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr SDRS, 125 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM charles_van_riper@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00354.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277EG UT WOS:000254194900018 ER PT J AU Schramm, HL Minnis, RB Spencer, AB Theel, RT AF Schramm, Harold L., Jr. Minnis, Richard B. Spencer, Amy B. Theel, Ryan T. TI Aquatic habitat change in the arkansas river after the development of a lock-and-dam commercial navigation system SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; backwaters; impoundment; navigation; sedimentation; warmwater rivers ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SEDIMENTATION; COMMUNITIES; FISHERY; POOLS AB The McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System (MKARNS), completed in 197 1, required the construction of 17 locks and dams and associated navigation works to make the Arkansas and Verdigris Rivers navigable for barge traffic from the Mississippi River to Catoosa, Oklahoma. We used a Geographic Information System to assess habitat changes in the 477-km portion of this system within Arkansas from 1973 to 1999. Total aquatic area declined by 9% from 42 404 to 38 655 ha. Aquatic habitat losses were 1-17% among pools. Greatest habitat losses occurred in diked secondary channels (former secondary channels with flow reduced by rock dikes) and backwaters adjacent to the main channel. Most of the area of dike pools (aquatic habitat downstream of rock dikes), diked secondary channels and adjacent backwaters were < 0.9 m deep. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schramm, Harold L., Jr.] Mississippi Cooperat Fist & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Minnis, Richard B.; Spencer, Amy B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Theel, Ryan T.] Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Schramm, HL (reprint author), Mississippi Cooperat Fist & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM hschramm@cfr.msstate.edu NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1002/rra.1068 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 292YW UT WOS:000255303000001 ER PT J AU Koper, KD Herrmann, RB Benz, HM AF Koper, Keith D. Herrmann, Robert B. Benz, Harley M. TI Overview of open seismic data from the North Korean event of 9 October 2006 SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR TEST; DISCRIMINATION; EXPLOSIONS; CHINA C1 [Koper, Keith D.; Herrmann, Robert B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Benz, Harley M.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Koper, KD (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 3642 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM kkoper@gmail.com NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1785/gssrl.79.2.178 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 275UW UT WOS:000254098400003 ER PT J AU Hartog, R Gomberg, J Moran, SC Wright, A Meagher, KL AF Hartog, Renate Gomberg, Joan Moran, Seth C. Wright, Amy Meagher, Karen L. TI The 8 October 2006 M-d 4.5 cowlitz chimneys earthquake in Mount Rainier National Park SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CASCADE RANGE; WASHINGTON; SEISMICITY; FAULT; TECTONICS C1 [Hartog, Renate; Wright, Amy] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Pacific NW Seism Network, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gomberg, Joan; Meagher, Karen L.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moran, Seth C.] US Geol Survey, Cascade Volcano Observ, Surrey, England. RP Hartog, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Pacific NW Seism Network, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM renate@ess.washington.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1785/gssrl.79.2.186 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 275UW UT WOS:000254098400004 ER PT J AU Aster, RC McNamara, DE Bromirski, PD AF Aster, Richard C. McNamara, Daniel E. Bromirski, Peter D. TI Multidecadal climate-induced variability in microseisms SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WAVE CLIMATE; EL-NINO; NOISE; PACIFIC; STORMS; OCEAN C1 [Aster, Richard C.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth Environm Sci, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [McNamara, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bromirski, Peter D.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div 0209, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Aster, RC (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth Environm Sci, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM aster@ees.nmt.edu; mcnamara@usgs.gov; pbromirski@ucsd.edu RI Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013 OI Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906 NR 39 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1785/gssrl.79.2.194 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 275UW UT WOS:000254098400005 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, Susan E. TI Seismology and the international geophysical year SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FREE OSCILLATIONS; EARTH; NETWORK C1 [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1785/gssrl.79.2.224 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 275UW UT WOS:000254098400008 ER PT J AU Gibson, JR Harden, SJ Fries, JN AF Gibson, James R. Harden, Scott J. Fries, Joe N. TI Survey and distribution of invertebrates from selected springs of the Edwards Aquifer in comal and hays counties, Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS; N. SP; COLEOPTERA; BEETLE; CRUSTACEA; GENUS; USA; CAROTENOIDS; DYTISCIDAE; HETERELMIS AB We surveyed four spring sites of the Edwards Aquifer to determine Current distribution and abundance of spring and cave-adapted invertebrates, including three that are federally listed as endangered. We found IS species from 12 families of endangered and stygobiontic fauna, similar to other surveys completed 10 years prior, and recorded new localities for Tethysbaena texana, Cirolanides texensis, Lirceolus hardeni, Lirceolus smithii, Slygobromus longipes, Stygobromus flagellatus, and Artesia subterranea. We also report discovery of new species of Bogidiellidae (near Parabogidiella), Ingolfiella, and Almuerzothyas. C1 [Gibson, James R.; Fries, Joe N.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Gibson, JR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E Mccarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM randy_gibson@fws.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2008)53[74:SADOIF]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277FA UT WOS:000254196900010 ER PT J AU Davenport, SR Remshardt, WJ AF Davenport, Stephen R. Remshardt, W. Jason TI Range extensions for Pimephales vigilax and Percina macrolepida in the Rio Grande, New Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RESERVOIRS; INVASIONS AB We collected 409 Pimephales vigilax (bullhead minnow) and 32 Percina macrolepida (bigscale logperch) from Elephant Butte Reservoir, Sierra Co., New Mexico, during a small-bodied fish survey in August and December 2005, and January and August 2006. The bullhead minnow is considered normative in the Rio Grande in New Mexico, but has been collected downstream of Elephant Butte Reservoir. Collections of this species document its establishment within Elephant Butte Reservoir. The bigscale logperch had not been collected previously from the Rio Grande in New Mexico and these collections represent a range extension for this species. Both species are now established in Elephant Butte Reservoir and these unnatural range extensions are related to human activities, but the exact cause remains unknown. C1 [Davenport, Stephen R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fishery Resources Off, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Davenport, SR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New Mexico Fishery Resources Off, 3800 Commons Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. EM Stephen_Davenport@fws.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2008)53[125:REFPVA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277FA UT WOS:000254196900019 ER PT J AU Burdick, SM Hendrixson, HA VanderKooi, SP AF Burdick, Summer M. Hendrixson, Heather A. VanderKooi, Scott P. TI Age-0 Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker nearshore habitat use in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: A patch occupancy approach SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; WATER-QUALITY; DETECTION PROBABILITY; ABUNDANCE; LARVAL; CATOSTOMIDAE; SALAMANDERS; SHALLOW; DESIGN; RATES AB We examined habitat use by age-0 Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris over six substrate classes and in vegetated and nonvegetated areas of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. We used a patch occupancy approach to model the effect of physical habitat and water quality conditions on habitat use. Our models accounted for potential inconsistencies in detection probability among sites and sampling occasions as a result of differences in fishing gear types and techniques, habitat characteristics, and age-0 fish size and abundance. Detection probability was greatest during mid- to late summer, when water temperatures were highest and age-0 suckers were the largest. The proportion of sites used by age-0 suckers was inversely related to depth (range 0.4-3.0 m), particularly during late summer. Age-0 suckers were more likely to use habitats containing small substrate (<64 mm) than those containing large substrate (>64 mm) and habitats with vegetation than those without vegetation. Relatively narrow ranges in dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH prevented us from detecting effects of these water quality features on age-0 sucker nearshore habitat use. C1 [Burdick, Summer M.; Hendrixson, Heather A.; VanderKooi, Scott P.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. RP Burdick, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Klamath Falls Field Stn, 2795 Anderson Ave,Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. EM sburdick@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 137 IS 2 BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.1577/T07-072.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 293FZ UT WOS:000255322100005 ER PT J AU Yule, DL Stockwell, JD Black, JA Cullis, KI Cholwek, GA Myers, JT AF Yule, Daniel L. Stockwell, Jason D. Black, Jeff A. Cullis, Ken I. Cholwek, Gary A. Myers, Jared T. TI How systematic age underestimation can impede understanding of fish population dynamics: Lessons learned from a Lake Superior cisco stock SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HERRING COREGONUS-ARTEDII; SALMONID COMMUNITY; GROWTH; EXPLOITATION; MORTALITY; INTRODUCTIONS; EUTROPHICATION; VALIDATION; COAST; CLUPEAFORMIS AB Systematic underestimation of fish age can impede understanding of recruitment variability and adaptive strategies (like longevity) and can bias estimates of survivorship. We suspected that previous estimates of annual survival (S; range = 0.20-0.44) for Lake Superior ciscoes Coregonus artedi developed from scale ages were biased low. To test this hypothesis, we estimated the total instantaneous mortality rate of adult ciscoes from the Thunder Bay, Ontario, stock by use of cohort-based catch curves developed from commercial gill-net catches and otolith-aged fish. Mean S based on otolith ages was greater for adult females (0.80) than for adult males (0.75), but these differences were not significant. Applying the results of a study of agreement between scale and otolith ages, we modeled a scale age for each otolith-aged fish to reconstruct catch curves. Using modeled scale ages, estimates of S (0.42 for females, 0.36 for males) were comparable with those reported in past studies. We conducted a November 2005 acoustic and midwater trawl survey to estimate the abundance of ciscoes when the fish were being harvested for roe. Estimated exploitation rates were 0.085 for females and 0.025 for males, and the instantaneous rates of fishing mortality were 0.089 for females and 0.025 for males. The instantaneous rates of natural mortality were 0.131 and 0.265 for females and males, respectively. Using otolith ages, we found that strong year-classes at large during November 2005 were caught in high numbers as age-1 fish in previous annual bottom trawl surveys, whereas weak or absent year-classes were not. For decades, large-scale fisheries on the Great Lakes were allowed to operate because ciscoes were assumed to be short lived and to have regular recruitment. We postulate that the collapse of these fisheries was linked in part to a misunderstanding of cisco biology driven by scale-ageing error. C1 [Yule, Daniel L.; Stockwell, Jason D.; Cholwek, Gary A.] US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Black, Jeff A.; Cullis, Ken I.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Great Lakes Management Unit, Thunder Bay, ON P7E 6S8, Canada. [Myers, Jared T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Yule, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Super Biol Stn, 2800 Lakeshore Dr, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. EM dyule@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 137 IS 2 BP 481 EP 495 DI 10.1577/T07-068.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 293FZ UT WOS:000255322100010 ER PT J AU Paulson, AJ Norton, D AF Paulson, Anthony J. Norton, Dale TI Mercury sedimentation in lakes in western Whatcom County, Washington, USA and its relation to local industrial and municipal atmospheric sources SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE atmospheric emissions; chlor-alkali; lake sedimentation; mercury; municipal waste incinerator; Whatcom county ID CHLORALKALI PLANT; DEPOSITION; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; DRY AB Concentrations of mercury (Hg) were measured in six dated cores from four lakes in western Whatcom County, Washington, USA, that were at various bearings from a chlor-alkali plant, two municipal waste incinerators and a municipal sewage sludge incinerator. The importance of atmospheric emissions of Hg from these local municipal and industrial sources was evaluating by comparing the temporal trends in sedimentation of the lake cores with the emission history of each Hg species and by examining the geographical distribution of Hg sedimentation in relation to the region's primary wind pattern. Local municipal and industrial sources of atmospheric Hg were not responsible for the majority of the Hg in the upper layer of sediments of Whatcom County lakes because of (1) the significant enrichment of Hg in lake sediments prior to emissions of local industrial and municipal sources in 1964, (2) smaller increases in Hg concentrations occurred after 1964, (3) the similarity of maximum enrichments found in Whatcom County lakes to those in rural lakes around the world, (4) the inconsistency of the temporal trends in Hg sedimentation with the local emission history, and (5) the inconsistency of the geographic trends in Hg sedimentation with estimated deposition. Maximum enrichment ratios of Hg in lake sediments between 2 and 3 that are similar to rural areas in Alaska, Minnesota, and New England suggest that global sources of Hg were primarily responsible for increases of Hg in Whatcom County lakes beginning about 1900. C1 [Paulson, Anthony J.] Washington Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Norton, Dale] Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA USA. RP Paulson, AJ (reprint author), Washington Water Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 934 Brdwy Ave, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM apaulson@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 189 IS 1-4 BP 5 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s11270-007-9549-z PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 263KS UT WOS:000253216600002 ER PT J AU Jones, SL Nations, CS Fellows, SD Mcdonald, LL AF Jones, Stephanie L. Nations, Christopher S. Fellows, Suzanne D. Mcdonald, Lyman L. TI Breeding abundance and distribution of Long-billed Curlews (Numenius americanus) in north America SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE abundance; distribution; grassland; Long-billed Curlew; Numenius americanus; point counts; removal method ID COUNTS AB A population survey for Long-billed Curlews (Numenius americanus) was completed in the western United States and Canada in 2004 and 2005. This survey was conducted during the early breeding season, using a stratified random sample from habitat strata. The survey design was a 32-km road transect with 40 five-min point Counts at 800-m intervals. Detection probabilities were estimated using the removal method in which observations in one-min intervals were removed from further consideration. Model selection based on Akaike's Information Criterion resulted in a model where detection probability varied among observers, but was constant throughout the point count for each observer. Estimated detection probabilities for the point count duration were greater than 0.68 for all observers. Counts were adjusted for detection probability and then used to estimate the mean density within surveyed point count plots. Overall, the range-wide estimate of total population size was 161,181 individuals. The estimates were 183,231 individuals for 2004 and 139,131 for 2005, with corresponding 90% confidence intervats of 113,324 to 422,046 and 97,611 to 198,252, respectively. In addition to estimates for both the United States and Canada, population densities were estimated for geographic sub-regions: Bird Conservation Regions, Shore-bird Planning Regions, administrative regions, and for each Canadian province. Issues and assumptions inherent in the study design and their implications are discussed. C1 [Jones, Stephanie L.; Fellows, Suzanne D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Off Migratory Birda Nongame 6, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Nations, Christopher S.; Mcdonald, Lyman L.] Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Jones, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Off Migratory Birda Nongame 6, DFC, POB 25486, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM Stephanie_Jones@fws.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[1:BAADOL]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 298DI UT WOS:000255666200001 ER PT J AU Sabine, JB Meyers, JM Moore, CT Schweitzer, SH AF Sabine, John B., III Meyers, J. Michael Moore, Clinton T. Schweitzer, Sara H. TI Effects of human activity on behavior of breeding American Oystercatchers, Cumberland Island National Seashore, Georgia, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Ametican Oystercatcher; behavior; Cumberland Island; Georgia; Haematopus palliatus; human disturbance; reproductive success; shorebird; time activity budgets ID BUFFER-ZONE DISTANCES; AFRICAN BLACK OYSTERCATCHERS; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; NEST PREDATION; PERSONAL WATERCRAFT; LOAFING WATERBIRDS; SUCCESS; FLORIDA; RESPONSES; COLONIES AB Increased human use of coastal areas threatens the United States population of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus Palliatus), a species of special concern. Biologists often attribute its low numbers and reproductive success to human disturbance, but the mechanism by which human presence reduces reproductive success is not well understood. During the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons, 32 nesting attempts of American Oystercatchers were studied on Cumberland Island National Seashore (CINS). Behavior was examined with and without human activity in the area to determine how human activity affected behavior. The oystercatchers' behavioral responses (proportion time) were analyzed with and without human or intraspecific disturbances using mixed models regression analysis. Proportions of time human activities were present (<= 300 m from oystercatchers) during observations averaged 0.14 (N = 32, 95% CI = 0.08-0.20). During incubation, pedestrian activity near (<= 137 m) oystercatchers reduced the frequency of occurrence of reproductive behavior, but pedestrian activity far (138-300 m) from oystercatchers had no effect. Vehicular and boat activities (<= 300 m) had minimal effects on behavior during incubation. During brood rearing, an effect of pedestrian activity near oystercatchers was not evident; however, pedestrian activity far from oystercatchers increased the frequency of reproductive behavior. Vehicular and boat activity had no effects on behavior during brood rearing. Of 32 nesting attempts, two failed (<10%) because of human disturbance and were located in areas of greater human activity (south end). Managers on CINS should minimize pedestrian activity near nests (<= 137 m) during incubation. During brood rearing, protection from pedestrian activity should be increased, when possible, to >137 m and vehicular activity should be minimized at current levels or less. C1 [Sabine, John B., III; Meyers, J. Michael; Moore, Clinton T.; Schweitzer, Sara H.] Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Meyers, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jmeyers@warnell.uga.edu NR 53 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 70 EP 82 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[70:EOHAOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 298DI UT WOS:000255666200009 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Afton, AD AF Anteau, Michael J. Afton, Alan D. TI Diets of Lesser Scaup during spring migration throughout the upper-Midwest are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE amphipod; chironomid; fattening; food; lipid reserves; stopover area ID AYTHYA-AFFINIS; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; NUTRIENT RESERVES; FOOD-HABITS; POPULATIONS; AMPHIPODS; DYNAMICS; MANITOBA; QUALITY; HARVEST AB The spring condition hypothesis (SCH) states that the current decline of the North American scaup population (Lesser [Aythya affinis] and Greater Scaup [A. marila] combined) is due to a decline in quality or availability of scaup foods on wintering, spring migration, or breeding areas that has caused a reduction in female body condition and subsequent reproductive success. Our previous research indicated that forage quality in diets of Lesser Scaup (hereafter scaup) at two sites in Northwestern Minnesota was lower in springs 2000-2001 than that reported for springs 1986-1988, consistent with the SCH. Accordingly, we further tested the SCH at a landscape scale, by comparing amounts of amphipods in diets (index of forage quality) of scaup (N = 263) collected in springs 20032005 from seven eco-physiographic regions in Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota in relation to data from Northwestern Minnesota during springs 2000-2001. We found that aggregate percentages of Gammarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca (amphipods) in scaup diets during springs 2000-2001 in Northwest Minnesota were similar to those ill the Iowa Prairie Pothole, Minnesota Morainal, Minnesota Glaciated Plains, Red River Valley, and Northwestern Minnesota in springs 2003-2005; however, scaup consumed relatively higher aggregate percentages of Ganimarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca in North Dakota Missouri Coteau and North Dakota Glaciated Plains. Females in Iowa were over three times less likely to have consumed food than those in North Dakota, despite previous research indicating similar foraging rates among these regions. Mean mass of scaup diet samples throughout the upper-Midwest were 77 mg (49%) and 87 rug (52%) lower than those of historical studies in Minnesota and Manitoba, respectively. We conclude that there has been a decrease in forage quality for scaup in Iowa and Minnesota and a decrease in the amount of forage consumed throughout the upper-Midwest, consistent with the SCH. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD MAR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[97:DOLSDS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 298DI UT WOS:000255666200011 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Wilkening, JL McIvor, DE Weber, SS Brussard, PE AF Beever, Erik A. Wilkening, Jenifer L. McIvor, Donald E. Weber, Shana S. Brussard, Peter E. TI American pikas (Ochotona princeps) in northwestern Nevada: A newly discovered population at a low-elevation site SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; double sampling; hay piles; Ochotona princeps; rapid climate change; reinote temperature recorders ID GREAT-BASIN; MONTANE MAMMALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; EXTINCTIONS; VEGETATION; MOUNTAINS; USA AB The central tenet of island biogeography theory-that species assemblages oil islands are functions of island area, isolation from mainlands, and vicariance-has been altered by the demonstrable effects that rapid Climate change is imposing on insular faunas, at least in isolated mountaintops. Although populations of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) continue to suffer extirpations, and although the lower bounds of the pika's elevational distribution are shifting upslope across the Great Basin, we report here on the new discovery of a low-elevation population of pikas in a mountain range from which they had not been reported previously. This discovery, particularly in the context of relatively rapid ecological change, highlights the importance of seeking out original sources of information and performing spatially extensive fieldwork. Results presented here further illustrate that although thermal influences appear to be the single strongest determinant of pika distribution currently, such influences interact with a number of other factors to determine persistence. C1 [Beever, Erik A.] Natl Pk Serv, Great Lakes Network, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. [Wilkening, Jenifer L.; Brussard, Peter E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [McIvor, Donald E.] Natl Audubon Soc, Twisp, WA 98856 USA. [Weber, Shana S.] Princeton Univ, Off Sustainabil, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ebeever@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 37 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2008 VL 68 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[8:APOPIN]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290ER UT WOS:000255106600002 ER PT J AU Geluso, K Damm, JP Valdez, EW AF Geluso, Keitb Damm, Jason P. Valdez, Ernest W. TI Late-seasonal activity and diet of the evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis) in Nebraska SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Nycticeius humeralis; evening bat; seasonal activity; diet; distribution; body mass; Nebraska ID WINTER ROOST; FOOD AB In North America, Nebraska represents part of the northwestern edge of the distribution for the evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis). To date, little information on this bat's natural history has been published from the state or from other parts of the Great Plains. Here we report on aspects of its natural history in Nebraska from 2 localities. In late summer and early autumn of 2006, we documented individuals farther west in Nebraska (Harlan County) than previously reported and determined that individuals fed mainly on Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. In 2006, evening bats appeared to migrate from Nebraska during late September-early October, and individuals were extremely fat, about 15 g, prior to migration. Evening bats likely are more widespread and common in south central Nebraska than previously documented. On 6 October 2005, we reported on an individual from eastern Nebraska (Douglas County), which represents the latest seasonal record of N. humeralis from the state. C1 [Geluso, Keitb; Damm, Jason P.] Univ Nebraska Kearney, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. [Valdez, Ernest W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Geluso, K (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Kearney, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. EM gelusok1@unk.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2008 VL 68 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[21:LAADOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290ER UT WOS:000255106600004 ER PT J AU Reinkensmeyer, DP Miller, RE Anthony, RG Marr, VE Duncan, CM AF Reinkensmeyer, Daniel P. Miller, Richard E. Anthony, Robert G. Marr, Vern E. Duncan, Corinne M. TI Winter and early spring bird communities in grasslands, shrubsteppe, and juniper woodlands in central Oregon SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE avian communities; Artemisia; juniper encroachment; old-growth ID OCCIDENTALIS WESTERN JUNIPER; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; HISTORY; FIRE; ESTABLISHMENT; ENCROACHMENT; EXPANSION; HABITATS AB We compared winter (December, January, and February),and early spring (March and April) bird communities among 4 successional stages that included grassland, shrubsteppe, juniper-shrubsteppe, and old-growth juniper woodland in central Oregon. Birds were surveyed monthly from December through April in 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 using the point count method to estimate relative abundance of birds (individuals.transect(-1)year(-1)). We used distance sampling to correct for potential bias in estimating abundance and density among successional stages. A total of 4513 birds (32 species) were detected. Relative abundance of total birds (all species combined) was similar in the juniper-shrubsteppe and old-growth woodland (48.7 and 48.9 individuals.transect(-1), respectively) but 6 times greater than in the grassland and shrubsteppe (8.0 and 7.7 individuals.transect(-1), respectively) during the 5-month period. Total density of birds was greater in old-growth juniper woodland and juniper shrubsteppe than in grassland or shrubsteppe. However, median bird species richness in 1998/1999 was highest in grassland and lowest both in shrubsteppe and juniper-shrubsteppe, and in 1999/2000 it was highest in shrubsteppe and lowest in juniper-shrubsteppe and oldgrowth juniper woodland. American Robins and Townsend's Solitaires were the most abundant species in juniper-shrubsteppe and old-growth juniper woodland during the winter months. Sage Sparrows and Horned Larks were the most abundant species in shrubsteppe during winter, and Horned Larks were most abundant in grasslands during the early spring transition period prior to nesting. Our results indicate that a different suite of species use these successional stages during the nonbreeding season. If avifauna conservation is a part of long-term management goals, a broad range of successional stages Should be maintained on the landscape to provide habitat for it variety of avian species throughout the year. C1 [Miller, Richard E.; Duncan, Corinne M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Range Ecol & Management, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reinkensmeyer, Daniel P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Marr, Vern E.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Miller, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Range Ecol & Management, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM richard.miller@oregonstate.edu NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2008 VL 68 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[25:WAESBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290ER UT WOS:000255106600005 ER PT J AU Lightfoot, DC Brantley, SL Allen, CD AF Lightfoot, David C. Brantley, Sandra L. Allen, Craig D. TI Geographic patterns of ground-dwelling arthropods across an ecoregional transition in the North American Southwest SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE biome transition; crickets; diversity; ecoregion; ecotone; edge effect; grasshoppers; insects; species; spiders ID SPECIES RICHNESS PATTERNS; SPIDER GENUS PHILODROMUS; ARANEIDA-THOMISIDAE; PITFALL TRAPS; UNITED-STATES; REVISION; ENERGY; COLEOPTERA; DIVERSITY; LYCOSIDAE AB We examined the biogeographic patterns of ground-dwelling arthropod communities across a heterogeneous semiarid region of the Southern Rio Grande Rift Valley of New Mexico. Our 3 sites included portions of 5 ecoregions, with the middle site a transition area where all ecoregions converged. We addressed the following 3 questions; (1) Do the species assemblage patterns for ground arthropods across habitats and sites conform to recognized ecoregions? (2) Are arthropod assemblages in distinct vegetation-defined habitats within an ecoregion more similar to each other or to assemblages in similar vegetation-defined habitats in other ecoregions? (3) Is there a detectable edge effect with increased arthropod diversity in the area of converging ecoregions? We encountered 442 target arthropod species from pitfall traps operating continuously for 7 years over a series of different habitats at each of the 3 sites. We examined geographic distributions of spider and cricket/grasshopper species in detail, and they showed affinities for different ecoregions, respectively. Each habitat within a study site supported a unique overall arthropod assemblage; nevertheless, different habitats at the same site were more similar to each other than they were to similar habitats at other sites. Overall arthropod species richness was greatest in the area where all 5 ecoregions converged. Arthropod species and their geographic distributions are poorly known relative to vascular plants and vertebrate animals. Findings from this research indicate that ecoregional classification is a useful tool for understanding biogeographic patterns among arthropods. C1 [Lightfoot, David C.; Brantley, Sandra L.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lightfoot, DC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dlightfo@umn.edu NR 99 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD MAR PY 2008 VL 68 IS 1 BP 83 EP 102 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2008)68[83:GPOGAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290ER UT WOS:000255106600011 ER PT J AU Stroh, CL De Steven, D Guntenspergen, GR AF Stroh, Chrissa L. De Steven, Diane Guntenspergen, Glenn R. TI Effect of climate fluctuations on long-term vegetation dynamics in Carolina Bay wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE depressional wetlands; drought cycles; hydrologic regime; succession ID UPPER COASTAL-PLAIN; SOUTH-CAROLINA; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; DEPRESSION WETLANDS; UNITED-STATES; SEED BANKS; HYDROLOGY; FORESTS; GROWTH; USA AB Carolina bays and similar depression wetlands of the U.S. Southeastern Coastal Plain have hydrologic regimes that are driven primarily by rainfall. Therefore, climate fluctuations such as drought cycles have the potential to shape long-term vegetation dynamics. Models suggest two potential long-term responses to hydrologic fluctuations, either cyclic change maintaining open emergent vegetation, or directional succession toward forest vegetation. In seven Carolina bay wetlands on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, we assessed hydrologic variation and vegetation response over a 15-year period spanning two drought and reinundation cycles. Changes in pond stage (water depth) were monitored biweekly to monthly each year from 1989-2003. Vegetation composition was sampled in three years (1989, 1993, and 2003) and analyzed in relation to changes in hydrologic conditions. Multi-year droughts occurred prior to the 1989 and 2003 sampling years, whereas 1993 coincided with a wet period. Weiland plant species generally maintained dominance after both wet and dry conditions, but the abundances of different plant growth forms and species indicator categories shifted over the 15-year period. Decreased hydroperiods and water depths during droughts led to increased cover of grass, upland, and woody species, particularly at the shallower wetland margins. Conversely, reinundation and longer hydroperiods resulted in expansion of aquatic and emergent species and reduced the cover of flood-intolerant woody and upland species. These semi-permanent Upper Coastal Plain bays generally exhibited cyclic vegetation dynamics in response to climate fluctuation, with wet periods favoring dominance by herbaceous species. Large basin morphology and deep ponding, paired with surrounding upland forest dominated by flood-intolerant pines, were features contributing to persistence of herbaceous vegetation. Drought cycles may promote directional succession to forest in bays that are smaller, shallower, or colonized by flood-tolerant hardwoods. C1 [Stroh, Chrissa L.] Coll Charleston, Environm Studies Program, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [De Steven, Diane] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20706 USA. RP Stroh, CL (reprint author), NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 22 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1672/06-117.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290IT UT WOS:000255117200002 ER PT J AU Hupp, CR Demas, CR Kroes, DE Day, RH Doyle, TW AF Hupp, Cliff R. Demas, Charles R. Kroes, Daniel E. Day, Richard H. Doyle, Thomas W. TI Recent sedimentation patterns within the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE floodplain connectivity; forested wetlands; hydroperiod; sediment trapping ID COASTAL-PLAIN RIVERS; OVERBANK SEDIMENTATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FLOODPLAINS; WETLAND; EVOLUTION; CARBON; USA AB Sediment deposition and storage are important functions of forested bottomlands, yet documentation and interpretation of sedimentation processes in these systems remain incomplete. Our study was located in the central Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana, a distributary of the Mississippi River and contains the largest contiguously forested riparian wetland in North America, which suffers from high sedimentation in some areas and hypoxia in others. We established 20 floodplain transects reflecting the distribution of depositional environments within the central Basin and monitored general and local sediment deposition patterns over a three-year period (2000-2003). Deposition rate, sediment texture, bulk density, and loss on ignition (LOI, percent organic material) were determined near or just above artificial markers (clay pads) located at each station per transect. Transect mean sedimentation rates ranged from about 2 to 42 mm/yr, mean percent organic material ranged from about 7% to 28%, mean percent sand (> 63 mu) ranged from about 5% to 44%, and bulk density varied from about 0.4 to 1.3. The sites were categorized into five statistically different clusters based on sedimentation rate; most of these could be characterized by a suite of parameters that included hydroperiod, source(s) of sediment-laden water, hydraulic connectivity, flow stagnation, and local geomorphic setting along transect (levee versus backswamp), which lead to distinct spatial sedimentation patterns. Sites with low elevation (long hydroperiod), high hydraulic connectivity to multiple sources of sediment-laden water, and hydraulic damming (flow stagnation) featured the highest amounts of sediment trapping; the converse in any of these factors typically diminished sediment trapping. Based on aerial extent of clusters, the study area potentially traps 6,720,000 Mg of sediment annually, of which, 820,000 Mg represent organic materials. Thus, the Atchafalaya Basin plays a substantial role in lowland sediment (and associated contaminant) storage, including the sequestration of carbon. Findings on local sedimentation patterns may aid in management of flow to control sediment deposition and reduce hypoxia. C1 [Hupp, Cliff R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Demas, Charles R.; Kroes, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. [Day, Richard H.; Doyle, Thomas W.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Hupp, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM crhupp@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.1672/06-132.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290IT UT WOS:000255117200011 ER PT J AU Anteau, MJ Afton, AD AF Anteau, Michael J. Afton, Alan D. TI Amphipod densities and indices of wetland quality across the upper-Midwest, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE forage availability; macroinvertebrate; prairie wetlands; scaup; sedimentation; trophic cascade; water quality ID SCAUP AYTHYA-AFFINIS; LESSER SCAUP; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; HYALELLA-AZTECA; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; NUTRIENT RESERVES; SPRING MIGRATION; FATHEAD MINNOWS; FISH PREDATION; SHALLOW LAKES AB Nutritional, behavioral, and diet data for lesser scaup (Aythya affinis [Eyton, 1838]) indicates that there has been a decrease in amphipod (Gammarus lacustris [G. O. Sars, 1863] and Hyalella azteca [Saussure, 1858]) density and wetland quality throughout the upper-Midwest, USA. Accordingly, we estimated densities of Gammarus and Hyalella in six eco-physiographic regions of Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota; 356 randomly selected semipermanent and permanent wetlands were sampled during springs 2004 and 2005. We also examined indices of wetland quality (e.g., turbidity, fish communities, aquatic vegetation) among regions in a random subset of these wetlands (n = 267). Gammarus and Hyalella were present in 19% and 54% of wetlands sampled, respectively. Gammarus and Hyalella densities in North Dakota were higher than those in Iowa and Minnesota. Although historical data are limited, our regional mean (1 to 12 m(-3)) amphipod densities (Gammarus + Hyalella) were markedly lower than any of the historical density estimates. Fish, important predators of amphipods, occurred in 31%-45% of wetlands in North Dakota, 84% of wetlands in the Red River Valley, and 74%-84% of wetlands in Iowa and Minnesota. Turbidity in wetlands of Minnesota Morainal (4.0 NTU geometric mean) and Red River Valley (6.1 NTU) regions appeared low relative to that of the rest of the upper-Midwest (13.2-17.5 NTU). We conclude that observed estimates of amphipods, fish, and turbidity are consistent with low wetland quality, which has resulted in lower food availability for various wildlife species, especially lesser scaup, which use these wetlands in the upper-Midwest. C1 [Anteau, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Afton, Alan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Anteau, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM manteau@usgs.gov NR 73 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 184 EP 196 DI 10.1672/07-53.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290IT UT WOS:000255117200016 ER PT J AU Darby, PC Bennetts, RE Percival, HF AF Darby, Philip C. Bennetts, Robert E. Percival, H. Franklin TI Dry down impacts on apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) demography: Implications for wetland water management SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Florida; gastropod; hydrology; reproduction; survival; timing ID FLORIDA; RESTORATION; KITE; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; EVERGLADES; HABITAT; SAY; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL AB Florida apple snails (Pomacea paludosa Say) are prey for several wetland-dependent predators, most notably for the endangered Florida snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis Vieillot). Management concerns for kites have been raised regarding the impacts of wetland dry downs on snails, but little data exists to validate these concerns. We simulated drying events in experimental tanks, where we observed that snail survival patterns, regardless of hydrology, were driven by a post-reproductive die off. In contrast to earlier reports of little to no dry down tolerance, we found that 70% of pre-reproductive adult-sized snails survived a 12-week dry down. Smaller size classes of snails exhibited significantly lower survival rates (< 50% after eight weeks dry). Field surveys showed that 77% of egg production occurs in April-June. Our hydrologic analyses of six peninsular Florida wetlands showed that most dry downs overlapped a portion of the peak snail breeding season, and 70% of dry downs were <= 12 weeks in duration. Dry down timing can affect recruitment by truncating annual egg production and stranding juveniles. Dry down survival rates and seasonal patterns of egg cluster production helped define a range of hydrologic conditions that support robust apple snail populations, and illustrate why multiple characteristics of dry down events should be considered in developing target hydrologic regimes for wetland fauna. C1 [Darby, Philip C.] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Bennetts, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Florida & Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Percival, H. Franklin] Univ Florida, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Darby, PC (reprint author), Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. EM pdarby@uwf.edu NR 48 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1672/07-115.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290IT UT WOS:000255117200018 ER PT J AU Aradis, A Miller, MW Landucci, G Ruda, P Taddei, S Spina, F AF Aradis, Arianna Miller, Mark W. Landucci, Giuseppe Ruda, Pierfranco Taddei, Stefano Spina, Fernando TI Winter survival of Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola in central Italy SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Italy; population; radio-telemetry; Scolopax rusticola; survival; winter; woodcock ID AMERICAN WOODCOCK; RATES; HYPOTHESES; RECOVERY; MODEL AB The Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola is a popular game bird in much of Europe. However, little is known about its population dynamics. We estimated winter survival of woodcock in a protected area with no hunting in central Italy. We radio-tagged 68 woodcocks with battery-powered radio-transmitters during 2001-2005. Woodcocks were captured in fields at night from November through February and fitted with radios. Birds were classified on capture as juveniles or adults using plumage characteristics. Woodcocks were relocated daily through March of each year or until they died, disappeared from the study area, or until their radio failed. We constructed a set of eight competing models of daily survival for the period 1 December - 28 February. Estimates of survival were obtained using the program SURVIV and Akaike's Information Criteria. The best model suggested daily survival was a constant 0.9985 (95% CI = 0.9972-0.9998), corresponding to a survival rate of 0.88 (SE = 0.05) for the 90-day winter study period. Our estimate of juvenile survival is higher than previously reported, and may reflect the protected status of the study area. Our estimates of winter survival may be helpful in managing harvested woodcock populations as well as in conserving populations in an increasingly urbanised environment. C1 [Aradis, Arianna; Spina, Fernando] Ist Nazl Fauna Selvat, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy. [Miller, Mark W.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, USGS Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat3, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Landucci, Giuseppe; Ruda, Pierfranco; Taddei, Stefano] Tenuta Presidenz Castelporziano, Castelporziano, Italy. RP Aradis, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fauna Selvat, Via Ca Fornacetta 9, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy. EM aradis@libero.it; mmiller@usgs.gov; fernando.spina@infs.it RI Miller, Mark/F-6284-2015 OI Miller, Mark/0000-0003-4211-1393 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[36:WSOEWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 301US UT WOS:000255921800004 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Cook, JG Cook, RC Hall, PB AF Bender, Louis C. Cook, John G. Cook, Rachel C. Hall, P. Briggs TI Relations between nutritional condition and survival of North American elk Cervus elaphus SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cause-specific mortality; Cervus elaphus; condition; elk; ingesta-free body fat; mortality; nutrition; nutritional condition; survival ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NATIONAL-PARK; MULE DEER; RED DEER; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BODY-COMPOSITION; MORTALITY; WINTER; AGE; PRODUCTIVITY AB We related annual and seasonal survival of four populations of elk Cervus elaphus in the Pacific Northwest, USA, to measures and indices of individual nutritional condition. Among populations, for all mortality (human and non-human causes) sources inclusive, annual survival of adult females was correlated with a rump body condition score (r(s) = 0.627, P = 0.071), and survival over spring-summer-autumn (SSA) was correlated with mean ingesta-free body fat (IFBF; r(s), = 0.567, P = 0.088) and rump body condition score (rBCS; r(s) = 0.615, P = 0.050). For non-human mortality sources only, survival through SSA was correlated with IFBF (r(s) = 0.567, P = 0.088) and rBCS (rs = 0.615, P = 0.050), and survival over winter was correlated with withers body condition score (r(s) = 0.677, P = 0.045). For human-caused mortality sources only, survival over SSA was correlated with rBCS (r(s) = 0.696, P = 0.036) and IFBF (r(s) = 0.696, P = 0.036). For individuals, logistic analysis found that individual likelihood of dying from all mortality sources inclusive was best predicted (chi(2) = 8.3, P 0.004, beta = -1.24) by longissimus dorsi (loin) muscle thickness, a measure of protein catabolism. For only non-human mortality sources, a model (chi(2) = 16.1, P = 0.0003) containing both loin muscle thickness (chi(2) = 5.7, P = 0.017, beta = -1.02) and percent ingesta-free body fat (chi(2) = 4.9, P = 0.027, beta = -0.35) best predicted individual susceptibility to mortality. Odds ratios indicated that odds of dying increased approximately 3X for each centimeter of loin muscle catabolized and 1.4X for each percent less body fat. No condition indices at the individual level were related to survival from human-caused mortality sources. Our study populations were characterized by low-marginal condition (i.e. mean ingesta-free body fat levels of 5.9-12.3% for lactating cows in late autumn); this likely increased the prominence of measures of muscle catabolism relative to fat accretion in influencing individual elk survival. Elk populations throughout the Pacific Northwest likely show similar condition levels, and consequently individuals are predisposed to mortality to a much greater degree than under optimal foraging conditions. Management strategies which assume that nutritional condition affects vulnerability only at or near condition levels associated with ecological carrying capacity (i.e. near starvation mortality) may overestimate the impact of proximate mortality factors on adult female elk. C1 [Bender, Louis C.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Cook, John G.; Cook, Rachel C.] Natl Council Air & Steam Improvement, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Hall, P. Briggs] Washington Dept fish & Wildlife, Mill Creek, WA 98012 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM lbender@nmsu.edu; cookjg@eou.edu; rcook@eou.edu; hallpbh@dfw.wa.gov NR 53 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[70:RBNCAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 301US UT WOS:000255921800008 ER PT J AU Braden, AW Lopez, RR Roberts, CW Silvy, NJ Owen, CB Frank, PA AF Braden, Anthony W. Lopez, Roel R. Roberts, Clay W. Silvy, Nova J. Owen, Catherine B. Frank, Philip A. TI Florida Key deer Odocoileus virginianus clavium underpass use and movements along a highway corridor SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE camera monitoring; deer guard; fencing; Florida; Key deer; Odocoileus virginianus clavium; radiotelemetry; road mortality; wildlife crossings ID HOME-RANGE; WILDLIFE AB In order to address endangered Florida Key deer Odocoileus virginianus clavium vehicle collisions along a 5.6-km segment of United States Highway I (US 1), the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) constructed a 2.6-km long system of fencing, deer guards and two underpasses to exclude deer from roadway. The US I project was completed in 2002 for the purpose of minimizing Key deer mortality and maintaining deer permeability through the Big Pine Key (BPK) corridor, Florida, USA. We evaluated the potential impact of these modifications to Key deer movements by comparing 1) annual ranges and movements of Key deer pre- (January 1998 - December 2000) and post-construction (February 2003 - January 2004), 2) deer-vehicle collisions on US I pre- and post-construction, and 3) underpass use post-construction. Mean female and male annual ranges and core areas did not change (P > 0.05) between pre- and post-construction. Deer movements within the US I project area were comparable pre- (six of 23 radio-collared deer crossed the corridor) and post-project (four of 16). Key deer-vehicle collisions were reduced by 94% inside the fenced segment. Experimental deer guards and fencing minimized Key deer entry into the project area to eight deer during the first-year resulting in two deer mortalities (one deer-vehicle collision, one severe removal injury). Infrared-triggered camera data indicate that underpass movements increased over time, suggesting that an acclimation period is necessary for highway underpasses to be successful. Collectively, post-project data indicate that highway alterations have not restricted Key deer permeability while minimizing Key deer mortality; however, our study results suggest changes in deer movement patterns within the corridor. We recommend continued monitoring to verify accurate trends in deer use of wildlife underpasses and permeability across fenced areas. C1 [Braden, Anthony W.; Lopez, Roel R.; Roberts, Clay W.; Silvy, Nova J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Owen, Catherine B.] Environm Management Off, Florida Dept Transportat, Miami, FL 33172 USA. [Frank, Philip A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Braden, AW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM anthonybraden@tamu.edu; roel@tamu.edu; clay.roberts96@sbcglobal.net; n-silvy@tamu.edu NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 1 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[155:FKDOVC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 301US UT WOS:000255921800018 ER PT J AU Renner, HM McCaffery, BJ AF Renner, Heather M. McCaffery, Brian J. TI Demography of Eastern Yellow Wagtails at Cape Romanzof, Alaska SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREEDING DISPERSAL; MARKED ANIMALS; NEST SUCCESS; SURVIVAL AB We quantified demographic parameters of Eastern Yellow Wagtails (Motacilla tschutschensis) breeding at Cape Romanzof. Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. We monitored 79 nests in an 837-ha area during 1997-1999 and banded 160 individuals. Mayfield nest success differed anion, years and ranged from 0.14 to 0.63/year. Most nest failures were attributed to predation. Annual fecundity (mean number of fledglings/female) ranged from 0.7 to 3.7. At least 8.8% of nests had polygynous Males: females paired With polygynous males had the same fecundity as monogamous females. Forty-two to 100% of the breeding males returned the following year, usually to the same territory while no adult females returned. Four nestlings banded in the S area returned to nest the following year. The best model for annual survival accounted for differences between both age groups and years. The demography of Eastern Yellow Wagtails at Cape Romanzof varied and was characterized by relatively high adult male survival and site fidelity. female-biased dispersal. and weak natal philoparty. The absence of returning females is significant and possible differences in migration stopovers and wintering locations should be investigated. Moderate levels of male immigration may be necessary in periodic pulses to maintain a local population, but female immigration would need to be massive and sustained. C1 [Renner, Heather M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McCaffery, Brian J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK 99559 USA. RP Renner, HM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, 95 Sterling Highway,Suite 1, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM heather_renner@fws.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Cornell University; Western Bird Banding Association; Walter Benning research FX We thank C. R. Smith, M. E. Richmond, and C. C. Krueger of the Department of Natural Resources at Cornell University for Support throughout this project. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cornell University. Western Bird Banding Association, and a Walter Benning research grant. Logistical support at Cape Romanzof was provided by the PMC/Frontec staff. We thank the U.S. Air Force and particularly Gene Augustine (611th Air Support Group Conservation Resources Program, Elmendorf Air Force Base). The field work at Cape Romanzof would not have happened without their support and encouragement. Field data were collected by the authors, C. M. Harwood. M. E. Hopey, M. B. Krosby, Christine McCaffery, C. K. Melin, and A. M. Moreland. E. G. Cooch conducted the MARK survival analyses and provided Substantial advice. Valuable comments on the manuscript were also provided by I. L. Jones, S. M. Matsuoka. Nadav Nur, Martin Renner. and B. K. Sandercock. Translation of German articles was provided by Harmony Hall. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1676/06-122.1 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 346EH UT WOS:000259050800008 ER PT J AU McNulty, SA Droege, S Masters, RD AF McNulty, Stacy A. Droege, Sam Masters, Raymond D. TI Long-term trends in breeding birds in an old-growth Adirondack forest and the surrounding region SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Breeding bird populations were sampled between 1954 and 1963, and 1990 and 2000 in ill old-growth forest, the Natural Area of Hungtington Wildlife Forest (HWF), in the Adirondack, Mountains of New York. Trends were compared with data from regional North American Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) and from a forest plot at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Trends for 22 species in the HWF Natural Area were negative, eight were positive, and one was zero; 20 were significant. Fifteen of 17 long-distance migrants declined, whereas 7 of 14 short-distance migrants and permanent residents declined. Most (74%) HWF Natural Area species, despite differences in sampling periods and local habitat features, matched in sign of trend when compared to Adirondack BBS routes, 61% matched northeastern BBS routes, and 71% matched eastern United States BBS routes, while 66% matched Hubbard Brook species. The agreement in Population trends Suggests that forest interior birds, especially long-distance migrants, are affected more by regional than local factors. The analysis indicated that bird trends generated from BBS routes may not be as biased toward roads as previously suggested. C1 [McNulty, Stacy A.; Masters, Raymond D.] SUNY Environm Sci & Forestry, Adirondack Ecol Ctr, New Comb, NY 12852 USA. [Droege, Sam] USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McNulty, SA (reprint author), SUNY Environm Sci & Forestry, Adirondack Ecol Ctr, 6312 Route 28N, New Comb, NY 12852 USA. EM smcnulty@esf.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1676/07-032.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 346EH UT WOS:000259050800017 ER PT J AU Pugesek, BH Diem, KL AF Pugesek, Bruce H. Diem, Kenneth L. TI Timing and location of mortality of fledgling, subadult, and adult California Gulls SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LARUS-CALIFORNICUS; PARENTAL AGE; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS AB We investigated patterns of mortality during post-breeding migrations of California Gulls (Larus californicus) nesting near Laramie, Wyoming, USA. We used 151 recoveries and 647 sightings of banded and patagially-marked gulls to compare ratios of mortalities to observations of live birds (1) during four time periods (early and late fall migration, winter, and spring migration), (2) at two locations (Pacific coast and inland), and (3) among three age-classes of gulls (fledglings, 1- and 2-year-olds, and breeding-age adults). Mortality rates were higher in inland areas (35%) than in coastal areas (15%) and were dependent oil season within inland areas but not in coastal areas. Mortality in inland areas during early fall (21%) was comparable with that in coastal areas (13%) but Was higher during late tall (68 vs. 13%) and spring migration (46 vs. 17%). Both fledgling (71%) and adult (64%) gulls experienced high mortality rates during late fall migration, possibly because some gulls were too weak to make their way to the Pacific coast and became trapped by poor weather conditions. Adult gulls also experienced high mortality inland during spring migration; few subadults made the costly migration to and from the breeding area. Some adults also skipped breeding and remained in coastal areas during the breeding season. C1 [Pugesek, Bruce H.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Forest Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Diem, Kenneth L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Pugesek, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Forest Sci Lab, 1648 S 7th St, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM Bruce_Pugesek@usgs.gov FU NSF [DEB 791997]; Sigina Xi; Wilson Ornithological Society; Chapman Foundation; NIA [T32-AG0011003] FX Our research was supported by grants from NSF (DEB 791997), Sigina Xi, Wilson Ornithological Society, Chapman Foundation, and NIA (T32-AG0011003). We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Set-vice, Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department for cooperation. We especially thank C. R. Corne for developing and testing the data base for the analysis. J. R. Jehl Jr., R. M. Erwin, and one anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1676/04-023.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 346EH UT WOS:000259050800018 ER PT J AU Werf, EAV Roberts, PK AF Werf, Eric A. Vander Roberts, Pauline K. TI Foraging and nesting of the 'Akikiki or Kaua'i Creeper (Oreomystis bairdi) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRDS AB The 'Akikiki or Kaua'i Creeper (Oreomystis bairdi) is a rare, little-known Hawaiian honeycreepcr endemic to the island of Kaua'i. Its range is contracting, the Population is declining, and it is candidate for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We report in instance of foraging by excavation observed on 22 May 2006, a behavior previously unknown in this species, and on parental behavior at two nests observed on 24 May 2006 and 27 May 2007, about which there is little previous information. Both parents brought food to the nest, the male provided food for the female, and the female also foraged independently. The nesting pair in 2007 had a juvenile from I previous nest, indicating the 'Akikiki will attempt to raise two broods. These observations are of limited extent, but even small facts can contribute to our Understanding of the biology of the 'Akikiki and causes of its decline. C1 [Werf, Eric A. Vander] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Roberts, Pauline K.] Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Kauai Forest Bird Recovery Project, Waimea, HI 96796 USA. RP Werf, EAV (reprint author), Pacific Riot Conservat, 3038 Oahu Ave, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ewerf@hawaii.rr.com FU Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife; Kaua'i Forest Bird Recovery FX We thank T. R. Savre and D. L. Leonard for camaraderie in the field, Brett Hartl For information about the nest observed in 2005, D. L. Leonard, C. E. Braun, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve the manuscript, and the Hawai'i Division of Forestry and Wildlife for continuing support of the Kaua'i Forest Bird Recovery Project. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1676/07-022.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 346EH UT WOS:000259050800023 ER PT J AU Ammer, FK Wood, PB McPherson, RJ AF Ammer, Frank K. Wood, Petra Bohall McPherson, Roger J. TI Gender identification of Grasshopper Sparrows comparing behavioral, morphological, and molecular techniques SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BIRDS; SEX AB Correct gender identification in monomorphic species is often difficult especially if males and females do not display obvious behavioral and breeding differences. We compared gender specific morphology and behavior with recently developed DNA techniques for gender identification in the monomorphic Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum). Gender was ascertained with DNA in 213 individuals using the 2550F/2718R primer set and 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. Field observations using behavior and breeding characteristics to identify gender matched DNA analyses with 100% accuracy for adult males and females. Gender was identified with DNA for all captured juveniles that did not display gender specific traits or behaviors in the field. The molecular techniques used offered it high level of accuracy and may be useful in studies of dispersal mechanisms and winter assemblage composition in monomorphic species. C1 [Ammer, Frank K.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wood, Petra Bohall] W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [McPherson, Roger J.] Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. RP Ammer, FK (reprint author), Frostburg State Univ, Dept Biol, 101 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM fammer@frostburg.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1676/07-002.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 346EH UT WOS:000259050800030 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG AF Huntington, T. G. TI Can we dismiss the effect of changes in land-based water storage on sea-level rise? SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOIL-MOISTURE; SURFACE HUMIDITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER SYSTEMS; CYCLE; 20TH-CENTURY; GROUNDWATER; DROUGHT; AQUIFER; CHINA C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME USA. EM thunting@usgs.gov OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 66 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 29 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 717 EP 723 DI 10.1002/hyp.7001 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 270WO UT WOS:000253751100016 ER PT J AU Sangiorgi, F Brumsack, HJ Willard, DA Schouten, S Stickley, CE O'Regan, M Reichart, GJ Damste, JSS Brinkhuis, H AF Sangiorgi, Francesca Brumsack, Hans-Juergen Willard, Debra A. Schouten, Stefan Stickley, Catherine E. O'Regan, Matthew Reichart, Gert-Jan Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe Brinkhuis, Henk TI A 26 million year gap in the central Arctic record at the greenhouse-icehouse transition: Looking for clues SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TETRAETHER LIPIDS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CENTRAL-EUROPE; SEDIMENTS; OCEAN; GREENLAND; SEA; TEMPERATURES AB The Cenozoic record of the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302 revealed an unexpected 26 Ma hiatus, separating middle Eocene (similar to 44.4 Ma) from lower Miocene sediments (similar to 18.2 Ma). To elucidate the nature of this unconformity, we performed a multiproxy palynological (dinoflagellate cysts, pollen, and spores), micropaleontological (siliceous microfossils), inorganic, and organic (Tetra Ether Index of lipids with 86 carbon atoms (TEX86) and Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT)) geochemical analysis of the sediments from similar to 5 m below to similar to 7 m above the hiatus. Four main paleoenvironmental phases (A-D) are recognized in the sediments encompassing the unconformity, two below (A-B) and two above (C-D): (A) Below the hiatus, proxies show relatively warm temperatures, with Sea Surface Temperatures (TEX86-derived SSTs) of about 8 degrees C and high fresh to brackish water influence. (B) Approaching the hiatus, proxies indicate a cooling trend (TEX86-derived SSTs of similar to 5 degrees C), increased freshwater influence, and progressive shoaling of the Lomonosov Ridge drilling site, located close to or at sea level. (C) The interval directly above the unconformity contains sparse reworked Cretaceous to Oligocene dinoflagellate cysts. Sediments were deposited in a relatively shallow, restricted marine environment. Proxies show the simultaneous influence of both fresh and marine waters, with alternating oxic and anoxic conditions. Pollen indicates a relatively cold climate. Intriguingly, TEX86-derived SSTs are unexpectedly high, similar to 15-19 degrees C. Such warm surface waters may be partially explained by the ingression of warmer North Atlantic waters after the opening of the Fram Strait during the early Miocene. (D) Sediments of the uppermost interval indicate a phase of extreme oxic conditions, and a well-ventilated environment, which occurred after the complete opening of the Fram Strait. Importantly, and in contrast with classical postrifting thermal subsidence models for passive margins, our data suggest that sediment erosion and/or nondeposition that generated the hiatus was likely due to a progressive shoaling of the Lomonosov Ridge. A shallow water setting both before and after the hiatus suggests that the Lomonosov Ridge remained at or near sea level for the duration of the gap in the sedimentary record. Interacting sea level changes and/or tectonic activity (possibly uplift) must be invoked as possible causes for such a long hiatus. C1 [Sangiorgi, Francesca; Brinkhuis, Henk] Univ Utrecht, Palaeobot & Palynol Lab, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. [Sangiorgi, Francesca; Schouten, Stefan; Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Marine Biogeochem & Toxicol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Brumsack, Hans-Juergen] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm ICBM, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Stickley, Catherine E.] Polar Environm Ctr, Norwegian Polar Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [O'Regan, Matthew] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Reichart, Gert-Jan; Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. [Willard, Debra A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sangiorgi, F (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Palaeobot & Palynol Lab, Budapestlaan 4, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Brinkhuis, Henk/B-4223-2009; O'Regan, Matt/B-2157-2010; Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/F-6128-2011; Brumsack, Hans-Jurgen/O-7942-2016; OI Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/0000-0002-8683-1854; Brumsack, Hans-Jurgen/0000-0002-5549-5018; O'Regan, Matt/0000-0002-6046-1488 NR 52 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD FEB 29 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 AR PA1S04 DI 10.1029/2007PA001477 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 270JZ UT WOS:000253718400001 ER PT J AU Sandin, SA Smith, JE DeMartini, EE Dinsdale, EA Donner, SD Friedlander, AM Konotchick, T Malay, M Maragos, JE Obura, D Pantos, O Paulay, G Richie, M Rohwer, F Schroeder, RE Walsh, S Jackson, JBC Knowlton, N Sala, E AF Sandin, Stuart A. Smith, Jennifer E. DeMartini, Edward E. Dinsdale, Elizabeth A. Donner, Simon D. Friedlander, Alan M. Konotchick, Talina Malay, Machel Maragos, James E. Obura, David Pantos, Olga Paulay, Gustav Richie, Morgan Rohwer, Forest Schroeder, Robert E. Walsh, Sheila Jackson, Jeremy B. C. Knowlton, Nancy Sala, Enric TI Baselines and Degradation of Coral Reefs in the Northern Line Islands SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Effective conservation requires rigorous baselines of pristine conditions to assess the impacts of human activities and to evaluate the efficacy of management. Most coral reefs are moderately to severely degraded by local human activities such as fishing and pollution as well as global change, hence it is difficult to separate local from global effects. To this end, we surveyed coral reefs on uninhabited atolls in the northern Line Islands to provide a baseline of reef community structure, and on increasingly populated atolls to document changes associated with human activities. We found that top predators and reef-building organisms dominated unpopulated Kingman and Palmyra, while small planktivorous fishes and fleshy algae dominated the populated atolls of Tabuaeran and Kiritimati. Sharks and other top predators overwhelmed the fish assemblages on Kingman and Palmyra so that the biomass pyramid was inverted (top-heavy). In contrast, the biomass pyramid at Tabuaeran and Kiritimati exhibited the typical bottom-heavy pattern. Reefs without people exhibited less coral disease and greater coral recruitment relative to more inhabited reefs. Thus, protection from overfishing and pollution appears to increase the resilience of reef ecosystems to the effects of global warming. C1 [Sandin, Stuart A.; Konotchick, Talina; Richie, Morgan; Walsh, Sheila; Jackson, Jeremy B. C.; Knowlton, Nancy; Sala, Enric] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA USA. [Smith, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, National Ctr Ecol Anal & Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [DeMartini, Edward E.] Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI USA. [Dinsdale, Elizabeth A.; Pantos, Olga; Rohwer, Forest] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA USA. [Donner, Simon D.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Ocean Inst, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci Biogeography Team, NOAA, Waimanalo, HI USA. [Malay, Machel; Paulay, Gustav] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Natural History, Gainesville, FL USA. [Maragos, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Remote Islands, Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Honolulu, HI USA. [Obura, David] CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya. [Schroeder, Robert E.] NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospheric Res, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.; Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Sala, Enric] CSIC, Ctr dEstudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes, Spain. RP Sandin, SA (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA USA. EM esala@ucsd.edu RI Smith, Jennifer/E-5207-2013; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; OI Obura, David/0000-0003-2256-6649 FU Moore Family Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Fairweather Foundation; National Geographic Society; Marine Managed Areas Science Project of Conservation International; Scripps Institution of Oceanography FX This research was supported by the Moore Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Fairweather Foundation, National Geographic Society, the Marine Managed Areas Science Project of Conservation International, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, E. Scripps, I. Gayler, and several private donors. NR 79 TC 344 Z9 348 U1 22 U2 193 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 27 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 AR e1548 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001548 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 367XS UT WOS:000260586500001 PM 18301734 ER PT J AU Xu, JP Wong, FL Kvitek, R Smith, DP Paull, CK AF Xu, J. P. Wong, Florence L. Kvitek, Rikk Smith, Douglas P. Paull, Charles K. TI Sandwave migration in Monterey Submarine Canyon, Central California SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE submarine canyons; sandwaves; migration ID INTERNAL STRUCTURE; BEDFORM MIGRATION; TURBIDITY-CURRENT; SUBAQUEOUS DUNES; WAVE MIGRATION; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; ESTUARY; FLOW AB Repeated high-resolution multibeam bathymetric surveys from 2002 through 2006 at the head of the Monterey Submarine Canyon reveal a sandwave field along the canyon axis between 20 and 250 in water depth. These sandwaves range in wavelength from 20 to 70 in and 1 to 3 in in height. A quantitative measure was devised to determine the direction of sandwave migration based on the asymmetry of their profiles. Despite appreciable spatial variation the sandwaves were found to migrate in a predominantly down-canyon direction, regardless of season and tidal phases. A year long ADCP measurement at 250 in water depth showed that intermittent internal tidal oscillations dominated the high-speed canyon currents (50-80 cm/s), which are not correlated with the spring-neap tidal cycle. Observed currents of 50 cm/s or higher were predominantly down-canyon. Applying a simple empirical model, flows of such magnitudes were shown to be able to generate sandwaves of a size similar to the observed ones. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, J. P.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wong, Florence L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kvitek, Rikk; Smith, Douglas P.] California State Univ Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Paull, Charles K.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jpx@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB 25 PY 2008 VL 248 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.11.005 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 276IG UT WOS:000254133900005 ER PT J AU Aiello, IW Hagstrum, JT Principi, G AF Aiello, I. W. Hagstrum, J. T. Principi, G. TI Peri-equatorial paleolatitudes for Jurassic radiolarian cherts of Greece SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiolarian chert; Jurassic; paleolatitude; Greece; palco-equator ID PRESSURE METAMORPHIC ROCKS; PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; GEODYNAMIC IMPLICATIONS; FRANCISCAN COMPLEX; ARGOLIS PENINSULA; POLAR WANDER; AEGEAN ARC; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; PALEOGEOGRAPHY AB Radiolarian-rich sediments dominated pelagic deposition over large portions of the Tethys Ocean during middle to late Jurassic time as shown by extensive bedded chert sequences found in both continental margin and ophiolite units of the Mediterranean region. Which paleoceanographic mechanisms and paleotectonic setting favored radiolarian deposition during the Jurassic, and the nature of a Tethys-wide change from biosiliceous to biocalcareous (mainly nannofossil) deposition at the beginning of Cretaceous time, have remained open questions. Previous paleomagnetic analyses of Jurassic red radiolarian cherts in the Italian Apennines indicate that radiolarian deposition occurred at low peri-equatorial latitudes, similar to modem day deposition of radiolarian-rich sediments within equatorial zones of high biologic productivity. To test this result for other sectors of the Mediterranean region, we undertook paleomagnetic study of Mesozoic (mostly middle to upper Jurassic) red radiolarian cherts within the Aegean region on the Peloponnesus and in continental Greece. Sampled units are from the Sub-Pelagonian Zone on the Argolis Peninsula, the Pindos-Olonos Zone on the Koroni Peninsula, near Karpenissi in central Greece, and the Ionian Zone in the Varathi area of northwestern Greece. Thermal demagnetization of samples from all sections removed low-temperature viscous and moderate-temperature overprint magnetizations that fail the available fold tests, At Argolis and Koroni, however, the cherts carry a third high-temperature magnetization that generally exhibits a polarity stratigraphy and passes the available fold tests. We interpret the high-temperature component to be the primary magnetization acquired during chert deposition and early diagenesis. At Kandhia and Koliaky (Argolis), the primary declinations and previous results indicate clockwise vertical-axis rotations of similar to 40 degrees relative to "stable" Europe. Due to ambiguities in hemispheric origin (N or S) and thus paleomagnetic polarity, the observed declinations could indicate either clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) vertical-axis rotations. Thus at Adriani (Koroni), the primary declinations indicate either CW or CCW rotations of similar to 95 degrees or similar to 84 degrees, depending on paleomagnetic polarity and age. The primary inclinations for all Peloponnesus sites indicate peri-equatorial paleolatitudes similar to those found for coeval radiolarian cherts exposed in other Mediterranean orogenic belts. Our new paleomagnetic, data support the interpretation that Mesozoic radiolarites within the Tethys Ocean were originally deposited along peri-equatorial belts of divergence and high biologic productivity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aiello, I. W.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Hagstrum, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Principi, G.] Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, I-50121 Florence, Italy. RP Aiello, IW (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM iaiello@mlml.calstate.edu NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD FEB 25 PY 2008 VL 448 IS 1-4 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.036 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281RB UT WOS:000254515100003 ER PT J AU Kennen, JG Kauffman, LJ Ayers, MA Wolock, DM Colarullo, SJ AF Kennen, Jonathan G. Kauffman, Leon J. Ayers, Mark A. Wolock, David M. Colarullo, Susan J. TI Use of an integrated flow model to estimate ecologically relevant hydrologic characteristics at stream biomonitoring sites SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Review DE hydroecology; TOPMODEL; multivariate; aquatic invertebrates; impervious surface; land use; variable weighting ID FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; WATER-QUALITY; NEW-JERSEY; RURAL CATCHMENTS; UNITED-STATES; RIVER; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB We developed an integrated hydroecological model to provide a comprehensive set of hydrologic variables representing five major components of the flow regime at 856 aquatic-invertebrate monitoring sites in New Jersey. The hydroecological model simulates streamflow by routing water that moves overland and through the subsurface from atmospheric delivery to the watershed outlet. Snow accumulation and melt, evapotranspiration, precipitation, withdrawals, discharges, pervious- and impervious-area runoff, and lake storage were accounted for in the water balance. We generated more than 78 flow variables, which describe the frequency, magnitude, duration, rate of change, and timing of flow events. Highly correlated variables were filtered by principal component analysis to obtain a non-redundant subset of variables that explain the majority of the variation in the complete set. This subset of variables was used to evaluate the effect of changes in the flow regime on aquatic-invertebrate assemblage structure at 856 biomonitoring sites. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) to evaluate variation in aquatic-invertebrate assemblage structure across a disturbance gradient. We employed multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis to build a series of MLR models that identify the most important environmental and hydrologic variables driving the differences in the aquatic-invertebrate assemblages across the disturbance gradient. The first axis of NMS ordination was significantly related to many hydrologic, habitat, and land-use/land-cover variables, including the average number of annual storms producing runoff, ratio of 2S-75% exceedance flow (flashiness), diversity of natural stream substrate, and the percentage of forested land near the stream channel (forest buffer). Modifications in the hydrologic regime as the result of changes in watershed land use appear to promote the retention of highly tolerant aquatic species; in contrast, species that are sensitive to hydrologic instability and other anthropogenic disturbance become much less prevalent. We also found strong relations between an index of invertebrate-assemblage impairment, its component metrics, and the primary disturbance gradient. The process-oriented watershed modeling approach used in this study provides a means to evaluate how natural landscape features interact with anthropogenic factors and assess their effects on flow characteristics and stream ecology. By combining watershed modeling and indirect ordination techniques, we were able to identify components of the hydrologic regime that have a considerable effect on aquatic-assemblage structure and help in developing short- and long-term management measures that mitigate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance in stream systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kennen, Jonathan G.; Kauffman, Leon J.; Colarullo, Susan J.] US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. [Ayers, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. [Wolock, David M.] US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Kennen, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. EM jgkennen@usgs.gov RI Hurford, Anthony/E-1338-2011 NR 114 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.08.014 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 261WX UT WOS:000253111800006 ER PT J AU Blanchong, JA Samuel, MD Scribner, KT Weckworth, BV Langenberg, JA Filcek, KB AF Blanchong, Julie A. Samuel, Michael D. Scribner, Kim T. Weckworth, Byron V. Langenberg, Julia A. Filcek, Kristine B. TI Landscape genetics and the spatial distribution of chronic wasting disease SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chronic wasting disease; disease management; landscape genetics; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; WISCONSIN; DISTANCE AB Predicting the spread of wildlife disease is critical for identifying populations at risk, targeting surveillance and designing proactive management programmes. We used a landscape genetics approach to identify landscape features that influenced gene flow and the distribution of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Wisconsin white-tailed deer. CWD prevalence was negatively correlated with genetic differentiation of study area deer from deer in the area of disease origin (core-area). Genetic differentiation was greatest, and CWD prevalence lowest, in areas separated from the core-area by the Wisconsin River, indicating that this river reduced deer gene flow and probably disease spread. Features of the landscape that influence host dispersal and spatial patterns of disease can be identified based on host spatial genetic structure. Landscape genetics may be used to predict high-risk populations based on their genetic connection to infected populations and to target disease surveillance, control and preventative activities. C1 [Blanchong, Julie A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.; Filcek, Kristine B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Scribner, Kim T.; Filcek, Kristine B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Weckworth, Byron V.] Univ Calgary, Fac Environm Design, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Langenberg, Julia A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Res, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Blanchong, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM julieb@iastate.edu NR 22 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 130 EP 133 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0523 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 249FM UT WOS:000252212900042 PM 18077240 ER PT J AU Barnett, TP Pierce, DW Hidalgo, HG Bonfils, C Santer, BD Das, T Bala, G Wood, AW Nozawa, T Mirin, AA Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD AF Barnett, Tim P. Pierce, David W. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Bonfils, Celine Santer, Benjamin D. Das, Tapash Bala, Govindasamy Wood, Andrew W. Nozawa, Toru Mirin, Arthur A. Cayan, Daniel R. Dettinger, Michael D. TI Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the western United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS; WATER; MODEL; ATTRIBUTION; STREAMFLOW; SNOWPACK; CYCLE AB Observations have shown that the hydrological cycle of the western United States changed significantly over the last half of the 20th century. We present a regional, multivariable climate change detection and attribution study, using a high- resolution hydrologic model forced by global climate models, focusing on the changes that have already affected this primarily arid region with a large and growing population. The results show that up to 60% of the climate- related trends of river flow, winter air temperature, and snow pack between 1950 and 1999 are human- induced. These results are robust to perturbation of study variates and methods. They portend, in conjunction with previous work, a coming crisis in water supply for the western United States. C1 [Barnett, Tim P.; Pierce, David W.; Hidalgo, Hugo G.; Das, Tapash; Cayan, Daniel R.; Dettinger, Michael D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bonfils, Celine; Santer, Benjamin D.; Bala, Govindasamy; Mirin, Arthur A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wood, Andrew W.] Univ Washington, Land Surface Hydrol Res Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nozawa, Toru] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Dettinger, Michael D.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Barnett, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM tbarnett-ul@ucsd.edu RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012; Wood, Andrew/L-5133-2013; OI Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708; Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 NR 29 TC 502 Z9 528 U1 34 U2 234 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 22 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5866 BP 1080 EP 1083 DI 10.1126/science.1152538 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 264SW UT WOS:000253311700040 PM 18239088 ER PT J AU Busenberg, E Plummer, LN AF Busenberg, Eurybiades Plummer, L. Niel TI Dating groundwater with trifluoromethyl sulfurpentafluoride (SF(5)CF(3)), sulfur hexafluoride (SF(6)), CF(3)Cl (CFC-13), and CF(2)Cl(2) (CFC-12) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CCL3F; CF3-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; YOUNG GROUNDWATER; HEADSPACE METHOD; GREENHOUSE-GAS; MULTI-TRACER; NOBLE-GASES AB [1] A new groundwater dating procedure using the transient atmospheric signal of the environmental tracers SF(5)CF(3), CFC-13, SF(6), and CFC-12 was developed. The analytical procedure determines concentrations of the four tracers in air and water samples. SF(5)CF(3) and CFC-13 can be used to date groundwaters in some environments where the CFCs and SF(6) have previously failed because these new tracers have increasing atmospheric input functions, no known terrigenic source, and are believed to be stable under reducing conditions. SF(5)CF(3) has a dating range from 1970 to modern; the mixing ratio (mole fraction) in North American air has increased from the detection limit of 0.005 parts per trillion (ppt) to the 2006 mole fraction of about 0.16 ppt. No evidence was found for degradation of SF(5)CF(3) in laboratory anaerobic systems. The solubility of SF5CF3 was measured in water from 1 to 35 degrees C. Groundwater samples that contained large amounts of terrigenic SF(6) did not contain terrigenic SF(5)CF(3). CFC-13 is a trace atmospheric gas with a dating range in groundwater of about 1965 to modern. CFC-13 has been used primarily in very low-temperature refrigeration; thus groundwater environments are less likely to be contaminated with nonatmospheric sources as compared to other widely used CFCs. Because of the low solubility of SF(5)CF(3) and CFC-13 in water, an excess air correction must be applied to the apparent ages. The new dating procedure was tested in water samples from wells and springs from Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. C1 [Busenberg, Eurybiades; Plummer, L. Niel] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Busenberg, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 58 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 22 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 AR W02431 DI 10.1029/2007WR006150 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 267VA UT WOS:000253536100004 ER PT J AU Hauber, E van Gasselt, S Chapman, MG Neukum, G AF Hauber, E. van Gasselt, S. Chapman, M. G. Neukum, G. TI Geomorphic evidence for former lobate debris aprons at low latitudes on Mars: Indicators of the Martian paleoclimate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC OBLIQUITY; ROCK GLACIERS; GROUND ICE; FRETTED TERRAIN; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; FOSSAE REGION; FLOW; EVOLUTION; MOUNTAIN; DEPOSITS AB Circumferential depressions enclosing mesas and plateaus in the northern Kasei Valles and in the Tartarus Colles regions of Mars are interpreted as indicators of the former extent of lobate debris aprons, thought to be mixtures of ice and clastic particles. These former lobate debris aprons existed about 1 Ga ago and were embayed by lavas or other flow deposits. After the lobate debris aprons had been removed by sublimation and deflation, topographic depressions with a depth of 50 m and a width of several kilometers were left behind between the mesa or plateau scarp and the solidified flow materials. These depressions or moats are located equatorward of +/- 30 degrees at significantly lower latitudes than generally observed for occurrences of modern, intact lobate debris aprons. This observation provides evidence that the paleoclimate at that time was different than today, probably due to a higher averaged obliquity of the planet's rotational axis. C1 [Hauber, E.] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [van Gasselt, S.; Neukum, G.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Chapman, M. G.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hauber, E (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. RI van Gasselt, Stephan/L-9762-2013 OI van Gasselt, Stephan/0000-0003-2130-6343 NR 64 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 21 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E2 AR E02007 DI 10.1029/2007JE002897 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 267TU UT WOS:000253532900001 ER PT J AU Dundas, CM Mellon, MT McEwen, AS Lefort, A Keszthelyi, LP Thomas, N AF Dundas, Colin M. Mellon, Michael T. McEwen, Alfred S. Lefort, Alexandra Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. Thomas, Nicolas TI HiRISE observations of fractured mounds: Possible Martian pingos SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-SURFACE; GROUND ICE; ATHABASCA VALLES; MARS; FEATURES; GEOMORPHOLOGY; HYDROGEN; PLANITIA; GENESIS; PLAINS AB Early images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera have revealed small fractured mounds in the Martian mid-latitudes. HiRISE resolves fractures on the mound surfaces, indicating uplift, and shows that the mound surface material resembles that of the surrounding landscape. Analysis of Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images shows that in Utopia Planitia the mounds lie almost exclusively between 35-45 degrees N. This range coincides with the peak-abundance latitudes of several landforms attributed to ground water or ice, including gullies, and suggests a ground ice-related origin. The best terrestrial analogues for the observed mound morphology are pingos, although some differences are noted. The presence of uncollapsed pingos would indicate the presence of near-surface ground ice in the Martian mid-latitudes, at depths greater than the similar to 1 meter sampled by orbital spectrometers. Pingo formation may require near-surface liquid water, which is consistent with a shallow groundwater model for the origin of gullies. C1 [Dundas, Colin M.; McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lefort, Alexandra; Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Mellon, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dundas, CM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM colind@lpl.arizona.edu RI Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 AR L04201 DI 10.1029/2007GL031798 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 267TB UT WOS:000253531000001 ER PT J AU Granados, HD Reyna, SD Tilling, RI AF Granados, Hugo Delgado Reyna, Servando De la Cruz Tilling, Robert I. TI The 1994-present eruption of Popocatepetl volcano: Background, current activity, and impacts SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID CENTRAL MEXICO C1 [Granados, Hugo Delgado; Reyna, Servando De la Cruz] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Dept Vulcanol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Tilling, Robert I.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Granados, HD (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Dept Vulcanol, Av Univ 3000, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM hugo@geofisica.unam.mx; sdelacrr@geofisica.unam.mx; rtilling@usgs.gov RI Delgado Granados, Hugo/J-3056-2013 OI Delgado Granados, Hugo/0000-0001-5263-7968 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 170 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.003 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 290FU UT WOS:000255109500001 ER PT J AU Arcinlega-Ceballos, A Chouet, B Dawson, P Asch, G AF Arcinlega-Ceballos, Alejandra Chouet, Bernard Dawson, Phillip Asch, Guenter TI Broadband seismic measurements of degassing activity associated with lava effusion at Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Popocatepetl Volcano; seismicity; LP signals; degassing ID ERUPTIONS; ENVIRONMENT AB From November 1999 through July 2000, a broadband seismic experiment was carried out at Popocatepetl Volcano to record seismic activity over a wide period range (0.04-100 s). We present an overview of the seismicity recorded during this experiment and discuss results of analyses of long-period (LP) and very-long-period (VLP) seismic signals recorded at stations nearest to the crater over a four-month interval December 1999-March 2000. Three families of LP signals (Types-I, II, and III) are identified based on distinctive waveform features observed periods shorter than I s, periods longer than 15 s, and within the period range 0.5-2.5 s. Type-I LP events have impulsive first arrivals and exhibit a characteristic harmonic wave train with dominant periods in the 1.4-1.9 s range during the first 10 s of signal. These events are also associated with a remarkable VLP wavelet with period near 30 s. Type-II LP events represent pairs of events occurring in rapid succession and whose signatures are superimposed. These are typically marked by slowly emergent first arrivals and by a characteristic VLP wave train with dominant period near 30 s, made of two successive wavelets whose shapes are quasi-identical to those of the VLP wavelets associated with Type-I events. Type-III LP events represent the most energetic signals observed during our experiment. These have an emergent first arrival and display a harmonic signature with dominant period near 1.1 s. They are dominated by periods in the 0.25-0.35 s band and contain no significant energy at periods longer than 15 s. Hypocentral locations of the three types of LP events obtained from phase picks point to shallow seismic sources clustered at depths shallower than 2 km below the crater floor. Observed variations in volcanic eruptive activity correlate with defined LP families. Most of the observed seismicity consists of Type-I events that occur in association with 1-3-min-long degassing bursts ("exhalations"). Eruptive activity increased in intensity in February, coinciding with an increasing occurrence of Type-II LP events. Type-III events were first observed at the end of February and during March, in coincidence with the formation of a new lava dome. Vulcanian eruptions occurred in April and May. These events typically exhibit broadband signatures extending over the full period range of the sensors and lasting 30-80 min. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Arcinlega-Ceballos, Alejandra] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Chouet, Bernard; Dawson, Phillip] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Asch, Guenter] GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg Potsdam, Germany. RP Arcinlega-Ceballos, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Cd Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM maac@geofisica.unam.mx RI GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 170 IS 1-2 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.007 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 290FU UT WOS:000255109500003 ER PT J AU De la Cruz-Reyna, S Tilling, RI AF De la Cruz-Reyna, Servando Tilling, Robert I. TI Scientific and public responses to the ongoing volcanic crisis at Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico: Importance of an effective hazards-warning system SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Popocatepetl; volcano hazards; volcano monitoring; warning system; volcanic-emergency management; risk perception ID TIME AB Volcanic eruptions and other potentially hazardous natural phenomena occur independently of any human actions. However, such phenomena can cause disasters when a society fails to foresee the hazardous manifestations and adopt adequate measures to reduce its vulnerability. One of the causes of such a failure is the lack of a consistent perception of the changing hazards posed by an ongoing eruption, i.e., with members of the scientific community, the Civil Protection authorities and the general public having diverging notions about what is occurring and what may happen. The problem of attaining a perception of risk as uniform as possible in a population measured in millions during an evolving eruption requires searching for communication tools that can describe-as simply as possible-the relations between the level of threat posed by the volcano, and the level of response of the authorities and the public. The hazards-warning system adopted at Popocatepetl Volcano, called the Volcanic Traffic Light Alert System (VTLAS), is a basic communications protocol that translates volcano threat into seven levels of preparedness for the emergency-management authorities, but only three levels of alert for the public (color coded green-yellow-red). The changing status of the volcano threat is represented as the most likely scenarios according to the opinions of an official scientific committee analyzing all available data. The implementation of the VTLAS was intended to reduce the possibility of ambiguous interpretations of intermediate levels by the endangered population. Although the VTLAS is imperfect and has not solved all problems involved in mass communication and decision-making during a volcanic crisis, it marks a significant advance in the management of volcanic crises in Mexico. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [De la Cruz-Reyna, Servando] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Tilling, Robert I.] US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP De la Cruz-Reyna, S (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, C Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM sdelacrr@geofisica.unam.mx NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 170 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.002 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 290FU UT WOS:000255109500012 ER PT J AU Osterman, LE Poore, RZ Swarzenski, PW AF Osterman, L. E. Poore, R. Z. Swarzenski, P. W. TI The last 1000 years of natural and anthropogenic low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf, Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; benthic foraminifers; Holocene; Mississippi River; climate change; Pb-210 ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL COMMUNITY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; ADRIATIC SEA; ATCHAFALAYA RIVER; SEASONAL HYPOXIA; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ORGANIC FLUX; NE ATLANTIC; SEDIMENTS AB The relative abundance of three species of low-oxygen tolerant benthic foraminifers, the PEB index, in foraminiferal assemblages from sediment cores is used to trace the history of low-oxygen bottom-water conditions on the Louisiana shelf. Analyses of a network of box cores indicate that the modem zone of chronic seasonal hypoxia off the Mississippi Delta began to develop around 1920 and was well established by 1960. The pattern of development over the last century is consistent with the interpretation that the formation of modem chronic hypoxia is related to anthropogenic activities resulting in increased transport of nutrients to the Louisiana shelf The PEB index in two gravity- and box core pairs (MRD05-4 and 05-6) indicates that low-oxygen bottom-water events have occurred periodically on the Louisiana Shelf for at least the last 1000 C-14 years. The pre-1900 low-oxygen bottom-water events are likely caused by intervals of increased Mississippi River discharge and widespread wetland export. The PEB record in gravity cores indicates that the pre-1900 low-oxygen bottom-water events were not as well developed or as geographically extensive as the modem hypoxia zone. We conclude that the development of low-oxygen bottom-water on the Louisiana shelf is a natural process that has been negatively modified by human activities in the last 100 years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Osterman, L. E.; Poore, R. Z.; Swarzenski, P. W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Osterman, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM osterman@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.10.005 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 276IH UT WOS:000254134000010 ER PT J AU Waite, GP Chouet, BA Dawson, PB AF Waite, Gregory P. Chouet, Bernard A. Dawson, Phillip B. TI Eruption dynamics at Mount St. Helens imaged from broadband seismic waveforms: Interaction of the shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID BENEATH KILAUEA VOLCANO; LONG-PERIOD SIGNALS; NEAR-FIELD; STROMBOLI VOLCANO; EREBUS VOLCANO; ASO VOLCANO; JAPAN; EARTHQUAKES; INVERSION; HAWAII AB [1] The current eruption at Mount St. Helens is characterized by dome building and shallow, repetitive, long-period (LP) earthquakes. Waveform cross-correlation reveals remarkable similarity for a majority of the earthquakes over periods of several weeks. Stacked spectra of these events display multiple peaks between 0.5 and 2 Hz that are common to most stations. Lower-amplitude very-long-period (VLP) events commonly accompany the LP events. We model the source mechanisms of LP and VLP events in the 0.5-4 s and 8-40 s bands, respectively, using data recorded in July 2005 with a 19-station temporary broadband network. The source mechanism of the LP events includes: 1) a volumetric component modeled as resonance of a gently NNW-dipping, steam-filled crack located directly beneath the actively extruding part of the new dome and within 100 m of the crater floor and 2) a vertical single force attributed to movement of the overlying dome. The VLP source, which also includes volumetric and single-force components, is 250 m deeper and NNW of the LP source, at the SW edge of the 1980s lava dome. The volumetric component points to the compression and expansion of a shallow, magma-filled sill, which is subparallel to the hydrothermal crack imaged at the LP source, coupled with a smaller component of expansion and compression of a dike. The single-force components are due to mass advection in the magma conduit. The location, geometry and timing of the sources suggest the VLP and LP events are caused by perturbations of a common crack system. C1 [Waite, Gregory P.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Chouet, Bernard A.; Dawson, Phillip B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Waite, GP (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM gpwaite@mtu.edu RI Waite, Gregory/B-7082-2009; OI Waite, Gregory/0000-0002-7092-8125 NR 62 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 19 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B2 AR B02305 DI 10.1029/2007JB005259 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 267TY UT WOS:000253533300001 ER PT J AU Engle, DL Sickman, JO Moore, CM Esperanza, AM Melack, JM Keeley, JE AF Engle, Diana L. Sickman, James O. Moore, Claudette M. Esperanza, Annie M. Melack, John M. Keeley, Jon E. TI Biogeochemical legacy of prescribed fire in a giant sequoia-mixed conifer forest: A 16-year record of watershed balances SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES; FRASER EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; DRY DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; INFILTRATION RATES; LITTER DYNAMICS AB The effects of prescription burning on watershed balances of major ions in mixed conifer forest were examined in a 16-year paired catchment study in Sequoia National Park, California. The objective was to determine whether fire-related changes in watershed balances persist as long as estimated low-end natural fire-return intervals (<= 10 years), and whether cumulative net export caused by fire could deplete nutrient stocks between successive fires. Inputs ( wet + dry deposition) and outputs (stream export) of N, S, Cl(-), HCO(3)(-), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+), H(+), and SiO(2) were measured for 7 years preceding, and 9 years following, a prescribed burn of one of the catchments. After fire, runoff coefficients increased by 7% (in dry years) to 35% (in wet years). Inorganic N was elevated in stream water for 3 years after fire. Increased export of water, SO(4)(2-), Cl(-), SiO(2), and base cations continued through the end of the study. Pools and processes attributed to fire led to the cumulative loss, per hectare, of 1.2 kg N, 16 kg S, 25 kg Cl(-), 130 kg Ca(2+), 19 kg Mg(2+), 71 kg Na(+), 29 kg K(+) and 192 kg Si, above that predicted by prefire regression equations relating export in the paired catchments. This additional export equaled < 1% of the N, up to one-third of the Ca and Mg, and up to three-fourths of the K, contained in the forest floor prior to combustion. Changes in watershed balances indicated that low-end natural fire-return intervals may prevent complete reaccumulation of several elements between fires. C1 [Engle, Diana L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sickman, James O.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Moore, Claudette M.] Katmai Natl Pk & Preserve, SW Alaska Network, Inventory & Monitoring Program, Natl Pk Serv, King Salmon, AK USA. [Esperanza, Annie M.] Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Div Nat Resources, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Melack, John M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Keeley, Jon E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Engle, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 94 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB 16 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G1 AR G01014 DI 10.1029/2006JG000391 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 263RM UT WOS:000253234200001 ER PT J AU Crusius, J Berg, P Koopmans, DJ Erban, L AF Crusius, John Berg, Peter Koopmans, Dirk J. Erban, Laura TI Eddy correlation measurements of submarine groundwater discharge SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE submarine groundwater discharge; SGD; groundwater; groundwater specific discharge; eddy correlation; permeable sediments ID COASTAL WATERS; SEEPAGE METERS; BERNOULLIS REVENGE; PORE-WATER; INPUTS; ZONE; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; ESTUARY; RN-222 AB This paper presents a new, non-invasive means of quantifying groundwater discharge into marine waters using an eddy correlation approach. The method takes advantage of the fact that, in virtually all aquatic environments, the dominant mode of vertical transport near the sediment-water interface is turbulent mixing. The technique thus relies on measuring simultaneously the fluctuating vertical velocity using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and the fluctuating salinity and/or temperature using rapid-response conductivity and/or temperature sensors. The measurements are typically done at a height of 5-15 cut above the sediment surface, at a frequency of 16 to 64 Hz, and for a period of 15 to 60 min. If the groundwater salinity and/or temperature differ from that of the water column, the groundwater specific discharge (cm d(-1)) can be quantified from either a heat or salt balance. Groundwater discharge was estimated with this new approach in Salt Pond, a small estuary on Cape Cod (MA, USA). Estimates agreed well with previous estimates of discharge measured using seepage meters and Rn-222 as a tracer. The eddy correlation technique has several desirable characteristics: 1) discharge is quantified under in-situ hydrodynarnic conditions; 2) salinity and temperature can serve as two semi-independent tracers of discharge; 3) discharge can be quantified at high temporal resolution, and 4) long-term records of discharge may be possible, due to the low power requirements of the instrumentation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 [Crusius, John; Erban, Laura] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Berg, Peter; Koopmans, Dirk J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Crusius, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcnisius@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 16 PY 2008 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.12.004 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 285IC UT WOS:000254769500006 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW Campbell, PL Osterman, LE Poore, RZ AF Swarzenski, P. W. Campbell, P. L. Osterman, L. E. Poore, R. Z. TI A 1000-year sediment record of recurring hypoxia off the Mississippi River: The potential role of terrestrially-derived organic matter inputs SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE geochemical tracers; hypoxia; foraminifera; isotopes; sediment; trace elements; Louisiana shelf; Gulf of Mexico ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BOTTOM WATER; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS; ATCHAFALAYA RIVER; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; OXYGEN DEPLETION; SEASONAL HYPOXIA AB A suite of inorganic and organic geochemical tracers and a low-oxygen tolerant bepthic faunal index ('PEB') were measured in a C-14-dated 2+ m long gravity core collected on the Louisiana shelf adjacent to the Mississippi River delta to study potential millennium-scale low-oxygen events. Periodic down-core excursions in the PEB index throughout the core suggest recurring, natural bottom water low-oxygen events that extend back similar to 1000 C-14 years. Select trace element and biomarker distributions in these same sediments were examined as potential tracers of past hypoxic events and to help distinguish between marine versus terrestrial processes involved in organic carbon production. In discrete sediment horizons where the PEB index was elevated, redox-sensitive vanadium concentrations were consistently depleted, excursions in sedimentary delta C-13 Suggest periodic, preferential terrestrial inputs, and the concentrations of two sterol biomarkers (sitosterol and beta-stigmasterol) also showed concurrent enrichments. If the PEB index successfully records similar to 1000 C-14 year-scale low-oxygen events, then the distribution of these geochemical tracers can be interpreted to corroborate the view that naturally occurring low-oxygen bottom water conditions have existed on the inner Louisiana continental shelf, not only in recent times, but also over at least the last 1000 C-14 years. These data support the general hypothesis that historic, low-oxygen bottom water conditions on the Louisiana shelf are likely tied to periods of increased fluvial discharge and associated wetland export in the absence of modem river levees. Enhanced river discharge and associated material export would both stimulate enhanced in situ organic carbon production and foster water column stratification. Such periodic elevated river flows during the last millennium can be linked to climate fluctuations and tropical storm activity. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Swarzenski, P. W.] US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Campbell, P. L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Osterman, L. E.; Poore, R. Z.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Swarzenski, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pswarzen@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD FEB 16 PY 2008 VL 109 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.01.003 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 285IC UT WOS:000254769500010 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Grimes, DJ Leinz, RW Rye, RO AF Johnson, Craig A. Grimes, David J. Leinz, Reinhard W. Rye, Robert O. TI Cyanide speciation at four gold leach operations undergoing remediation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMISTRY; NEVADA; CARBON; WATER; ORES AB Analyses have been made of 81 effluents from four gold leach operations in various stages of remediation to identify the most -persistent cyanide species. Total cyanide and weak acid-dissociable (WAD) cyanide were measured using improved methods, and metals known to form stable cyanocomplexes were also measured. Typically, total cyanide greatly exceeded WAD indicating that cyanide was predominantly in strong cyanometallic complexes. Iron was generally too low to accommodate the strongly complexed cyanide as Fe(CN)(6)(3-) or Fe(CN)(6)(4-), but cobalt was abundant enough to implicate Co(CN)(6)(3-) or its dissociation products (Co(CN)(6-x)(H2O)(x)((3-x)). Supporting evidence for cobalt-cyanide complexation was found in fight correlations between cobalt and cyanide in some sample suites. Also, abundant free cyanide was produced upon UV illumination. Iron and cobalt cyanocomplexes both photodissociate; however,the iron concentration was insufficient to have carried the liberated cyanide, while the cobalt concentration was sufficient. Cobalt cyanocomplexes have not previously been recognized in cyanidation wastes. Their identification at four separate operations, which had treated ores that were not especially rich in cobalt, suggests that cobalt complexation may be a common source of cyanide persistence. There is a need for more information on the importance and behavior of cobalt cyanocomplexes in ore-processing wastes at gold mines. C1 [Johnson, Craig A.; Grimes, David J.; Leinz, Reinhard W.; Rye, Robert O.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cjohnso@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1038 EP 1044 DI 10.1021/es702334n PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263XW UT WOS:000253250800016 PM 18351069 ER PT J AU Beckon, W Parkins, C Maximovich, A Beckon, AV AF Beckon, William Parkins, Cary Maximovich, Alexey Beckon, Angela V. TI A general approach to modeling biphasic relationships SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY; SELENIUM; EXPLANATION; DIVERSITY; EXPOSURE; HORMESIS; GROWTH AB Biphasic relationships can be found throughout the sciences, especially in the dose-response relationships of pharmacology, toxicology, agriculture, and nutrition. Accurate modeling of biphasic dose-response is an essential step in establishing effective guidelines for the protection of human and ecosystem health, yet currently-used biphasic mathematical models lack biological rationale and fit only limited sets of biphasic data. To model biphasic relationships more closely over wider ranges of exposures,we suggest a simple, general, biologically reasonable modeling approach leading to a family of mathematical models that combine log-logistic functions: at least one for the upslope and one for the downslope of the biphasic relationship. All parameters employed are meaningfully interpretable. These models can be used to test for the presence of biphasic effects, and they simplify to a standard log-logistic model in the special case where no biphasic effect can be detected. They offer the promise of improvement in assessment of the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals and nutrients as well as in determination of the toxicity of contaminants. Additionally, they may be useful in modeling nonmonotonic cause-effect relationships in other scientific disciplines. C1 [Beckon, William] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Parkins, Cary] Inspironix, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Maximovich, Alexey] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Beckon, Angela V.] Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Beckon, W (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2800 Cottage Way,Suite W 2605, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. EM William_Beckon@fws.gov NR 38 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1308 EP 1314 DI 10.1021/es071148m PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263XW UT WOS:000253250800057 PM 18351110 ER PT J AU Schwindt, AR Fournie, JW Landers, DH Schreck, CB Kent, ML AF Schwindt, Adam R. Fournie, John W. Landers, Dixon H. Schreck, Carl B. Kent, Michael L. TI Mercury concentrations in salmouids from western US National Parks and relationships with age and macrophage aggregates SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; CLARIAS-BATRACHUS L; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; UNITED-STATES AB Mercury accumulation in aquatic foodwebs and its effects on aquatic biota are of growing concern both for the health of the fish and the piscivores that prey upon them. This is of particular concern for western U.S. National Parks because it is known that mountainous and Arctic areas are sinks for some contaminants. The Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project seeks, in part; to ascertain mercury concentrations and evaluate effects of contaminants on biota in 14 lakes from 8 National Parks or Preserves. In this paper we report that mercury has accumulated to concentrations in trout that may negatively impact some piscivorous wildlife, indicating potential terrestrial ecosystem effects. Additionally, we show that mercury concentrations increase with age in 4 species of trout, providing evidence of bioaccumulation. Finally, we demonstrate that mercury is associated with tissue damage in the kidney and spleen, as indicated by increases in macrophage aggregates. This finding suggests that mercury, and possibly other contaminants, are negatively affecting the trout that inhabit these remote and protected ecosystems. Our results indicate that mercury is indeed a concern for the U.S. National Parks, from an organismic and potentially an ecosystem perspective. C1 [Schwindt, Adam R.; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fisheries Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fournie, John W.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Washington, DC USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schwindt, AR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fisheries Dis Res, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ar.schwindt@gmail.com NR 50 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1365 EP 1370 DI 10.1021/es702337m PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263XW UT WOS:000253250800065 PM 18351118 ER PT J AU Deeds, DA Vollmer, MK Kulongoski, JT Miller, BR Muhle, J Harth, CM Izbicki, JA Hilton, DR Weiss, RF AF Deeds, Daniel A. Vollmer, Martin K. Kulongoski, Justin T. Miller, Benjamin R. Muhle, Jens Harth, Christina M. Izbicki, John A. Hilton, David R. Weiss, Ray F. TI Evidence for crustal degassing of CF4 and SF6 in Mojave Desert groundwaters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MANTLE HELIUM FLUXES; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; VOLCANIC GASES; NOBLE-GASES; AIR; WATER; HALOCARBONS AB Dissolved tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations were measured in groundwater samples from the Eastern Morongo Basin (EMB) and Mojave River Basin (MRB) located in the southern Mojave Desert, California. Both CF4 and SF6 are supersaturated with respect to equilibrium with the preindustrial atmosphere at the recharge temperatures and elevations of the Mojave Desert. These observations provide the first in situ evidence for a flux of CF4 from the lithosphere. A gradual basin-wide enhancement in dissolved CF4 and SF6 concentrations with groundwater age is consistent with release of these gases during weathering of the surrounding granitic alluvium. Dissolved CF4 and SF6 concentrations in these groundwaters also contain a deeper crustal component associated with a lithospheric flux entering the EMB and MRB through the underlying basement. The crustal flux of CF4, but not of SF6, is enhanced in the vicinity of local active fault systems due to release of crustal fluids during episodic fracture events driven by local tectonic activity. When fluxes of CF4 and SF6 into Mojave Desert groundwaters are extrapolated to the global scale they are consistent, within large uncertainties, with the fluxes required to sustain the preindustrial atmospheric abundances of CF4 and SF6. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Deeds, Daniel A.; Kulongoski, Justin T.; Miller, Benjamin R.; Muhle, Jens; Harth, Christina M.; Hilton, David R.; Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vollmer, Martin K.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Biogeochem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kulongoski, Justin T.; Izbicki, John A.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Deeds, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ddeeds@ucsd.edu; martinvollmer@empa.ch; kulongos@usgs.gov; brmiller@ucsd.edu; jmuhle@ucsd.edu; charth@ucsd.edu; jaizbick@usgs.gov; drhilton@ucsd.edu; rfweiss@ucsd.edu RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008; OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 999 EP 1013 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.027 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 264QZ UT WOS:000253305200001 ER PT J AU Ewing, SA Yang, W DePaolo, DJ Michalski, G Kendall, C Stewart, BW Thiemens, M Amundson, R AF Ewing, Stephanie A. Yang, Wenbo DePaolo, Donald J. Michalski, Greg Kendall, Carol Stewart, Brian W. Thiemens, Mark Amundson, Ronald TI Non-biological fractionation of stable Ca isotopes in soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; SULFATE; STRONTIUM; SYSTEM; CYCLE; DELTA-CA-44; DEPOSITION; ARAGONITE AB We measured Ca stable isotope ratios (delta(44/40)Ca) in an ancient (2 My), hyperarid soil where the primary source of mobile Ca is atmospheric deposition. Most of the Ca in the upper meter of this soil (3.5 kmol m(-2)) is present as sulfates (2.5 kmol m(-2)), and to a lesser extent carbonates (0.4 kmol m(-2)). In aqueous extracts of variably hydrated calcium sulfate minerals, delta(44/40) Ca(E) values (vs. bulk Earth) increase with depth (1.4m) from a minimum of-1.91%, to a maximum of +0.59 parts per thousand. The trend in carbonate-delta(44/40)Ca in the top six horizons resembles that of sulfate delta(44/40)Ca, but with values 0.1-0.6 parts per thousand higher. The range of observed Ca isotope values in this soil is about half that of delta(44/40)Ca values observed on Earth. Linear correlation among delta(44/40) Ca, delta(34)S and delta(18)O values indicates either (a) a simultaneous change in atmospheric input values for all three elements over time, or (b) isotopic fractionation of all three elements during downward transport. We present evidence that the latter is the primary cause of the isotopic variation that we observe. Sulfate-delta(34)S values are positively correlated with sulfate-delta(18)O values (R(2) = 0.78) and negatively correlated with sulfate delta(44/40)Ca(E) values (R(2) = 0.70). If constant fractionation and conservation of mass with downward transport are assumed, these relationships indicate a delta(44/40)Ca fractionation factor of -0.4 parts per thousand in CaSO(4). The overall depth trend in Ca isotopes is reproduced by a model of isotopic fractionation during downward Ca transport that considers small and infrequent but regularly recurring rainfall events. Near surface low Ca isotope values are reproduced by a Rayleigh model derived from measured Ca concentrations and the Ca fractionation factor predicted by the relationship with S isotopes. This indicates that the primary mechanism of stable isotope fractionation in CaSO(4) is incremental and effectively irreversible removal of an isotopically enriched dissolved phase by downward transport during small rainfall events. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ewing, Stephanie A.; Yang, Wenbo; DePaolo, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ewing, Stephanie A.; Amundson, Ronald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Michalski, Greg] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kendall, Carol] US Geol Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stewart, Brian W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Thiemens, Mark] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Ewing, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saewing@nature.berkeley.edu NR 44 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1096 EP 1110 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.10.029 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 264QZ UT WOS:000253305200007 ER PT J AU Carrara, A Pike, RJ AF Carrara, Alberto Pike, Richard J. TI GIS technology and models for assessing landslide hazard and risk SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Carrara, Alberto] CNR, IEIIT, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Pike, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Carrara, A (reprint author), CNR, IEIIT, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. EM acarrara@bo.ieiit.cnr.it; ipike@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 35 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.042 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 264QD UT WOS:000253302700001 ER PT J AU Pike, RJ Sobieszczyk, S AF Pike, Richard J. Sobieszczyk, Steven TI Soil slip/debris flow localized by site attributes and wind-driven rain in the San Francisco Bay region storm of January 1982 SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Geological Congress CY AUG 20-28, 2004 CL Florence, ITALY DE soil slips; debris flow; slope aspect; hillside properties; wind-driven rainfall; digital terrain modelling; GIS; California ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; LANDSLIDE HAZARD; COAST RANGES; TOPOGRAPHY; MODEL; MOUNTAINS; WINTER; SLIPS AB GIS analysis at 30-m resolution reveals that effectiveness of slope-destabilizing processes in the San Francisco Bay area varies with compass direction. Nearly half the soil slip/debris flows mapped after the catastrophic rainstorm of 3-5 January 1982 occurred on slopes that face S to WSW, whereas fewer than one-quarter have a northerly aspect. Azimuthal analysis of hillside properties for susceptible terrain near the city of Oakland suggests that the skewed aspect of these landslides primarily reflects vegetation type, ridge and valley alignment, and storm-wind direction. Bedrock geology, soil expansivity, and terrain height and gradient also were influential but less so; the role of surface curvature is not wholly resolved. Normalising soil-slip aspect by that of the region's NNW-striking topography shifts the modal azimuth of soil-slip aspect from SW to SE, the direction of origin of winds during the 1982 storm-but opposite that of the prevailing WNW winds. Wind from a constant direction increases rainfall on windward slopes while diminishing it on leeward slopes, generating a modelled difference in hydrologically effective rainfall of up to 2:1 on steep hillsides in the Oakland area. This contrast is consistent with numerical simulations of wind-driven rain and with rainfall thresholds for debris-flow activity. We conclude that storm winds from the SE in January 1982 raised the vulnerability of the Bay region's many S-facing hillsides, most of which are covered in shallow-rooted shrub and grass that offer minimal resistance to soil slip. Wind-driven rainfall also appears to have controlled debris-flow location in a major 1998 storm and probably others. Incorporating this overlooked influence into GIS models of debris-flow likelihood would improve predictions of the hazard in central California and elsewhere. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pike, Richard J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sobieszczyk, Steven] US Geol Survey, WRD Dist Off, Portland, OR 97216 USA. RP Pike, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, M-S 973, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rpike@usgs.gov NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3-4 BP 290 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.09.024 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 264QD UT WOS:000253302700004 ER PT J AU Downing, JA Cole, JJ Middelburg, JJ Striegl, RG Duarte, CM Kortelainen, P Prairie, YT Laube, KA AF Downing, J. A. Cole, J. J. Middelburg, J. J. Striegl, R. G. Duarte, C. M. Kortelainen, P. Prairie, Y. T. Laube, K. A. TI Sediment organic carbon burial in agriculturally eutrophic impoundments over the last century SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID LOSS-ON-IGNITION; BULK-DENSITY; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON; LAND-USE; SOILS; BUDGET; CYCLE; LAKE; RESERVOIRS AB We estimated organic carbon (OC) burial over the past century in 40 impoundments in one of the most intensively agricultural regions of the world. The volume of sediment deposited per unit time varied as a function of lake and watershed size, but smaller impoundments had greater deposition and accumulation rates per unit area. Annual water storage losses varied from 0.1-20% and were negatively correlated with impoundment size. Estimated sediment OC content was greatest in lakes with low ratios of watershed to impoundment area. Sediment OC burial rates were higher than those assumed for fertile impoundments by previous studies and were much higher than those measured in natural lakes. OC burial ranged from a high of 17,000 g Cm(-2) a(-1) to a low of 148 g Cm(-2) a(-1) and was significantly greater in small impoundments than large ones. The OC buried in these lakes originates in both autochthonous and allochthonous production. These analyses suggest that OC sequestration in moderate to large impoundments may be double the rate assumed in previous analyses. Extrapolation suggests that they may bury 4 times as much carbon (C) as the world's oceans. The world's farm ponds alone may bury more OC than the oceans and 33% as much as the world's rivers deliver to the sea. C1 [Downing, J. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cole, J. J.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Duarte, C. M.] UIB, CSIC, IMEDEA, E-07190 Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain. [Kortelainen, P.] Finnish Environm Inst, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland. [Laube, K. A.] Laube Engn LLC, Greeley, CO 80634 USA. [Middelburg, J. J.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, NIOO KNAW, Ctr Estuarine & Marine Ecol, NL-4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands. [Prairie, Y. T.] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Striegl, R. G.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Downing, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Middelburg, Jack/B-4951-2011; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Prairie, Yves/B-9108-2008 OI Middelburg, Jack/0000-0003-3601-9072; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; NR 61 TC 160 Z9 165 U1 11 U2 86 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 AR GB1018 DI 10.1029/2006GB002854 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 263RB UT WOS:000253233100001 ER PT J AU Morrissey, MM Wieczorek, GF Morgan, BA AF Morrissey, Meghan M. Wieczorek, Gerald F. Morgan, Ben A. TI A comparative analysis of simulated and observed landslide locations triggered by Hurricane Camille in Nelson County, Virginia SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE shallow landslides; intense rainfall; numerical model; Nelson County; Virginia; United States AB In 1969, Nelson County, Virginia received up to 71 cm of rain within 12 h starting at 7 p.m. on August 19. The total rainfall from the storm exceeded the 1000-year return period in the region. Several thousands of landslides were induced by rainfall associated with Hurricane Camille causing fatalities and destroying infrastructure. We apply a distributed transient response model for regional slope stability analysis to shallow landslides. Initiation points of over 3000 debris flows and effects of flooding from this storm are applied to the model. Geotechnical data used in the calculations are published data from samples of colluvium. Results from these calculations are compared with field observations such as landslide trigger location and timing of debris flows to assess how well the model predicts the spatial and temporal distribution of landslide initiation locations. The model predicts many of the initiation locations in areas where debris flows are observed. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Morrissey, Meghan M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Wieczorek, Gerald F.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Morgan, Ben A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Morrissey, MM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80403 USA. EM mmorriss@mines.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 524 EP 531 DI 10.1002/hyp.6882 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 270CR UT WOS:000253698100005 ER PT J AU Sharif, MU Davis, RK Steele, KF Kim, B Kresse, TM Fazio, JA AF Sharif, M. U. Davis, R. K. Steele, K. F. Kim, B. Kresse, T. M. Fazio, J. A. TI Inverse geochemical modeling of groundwater evolution with emphasis on arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas (USA) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; hydrogeochemistry; inverse modeling; saturation indices; PHREEQC; MINTEQA2 ID BANGLADESH GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENTARY AQUIFERS; DRINKING-WATER; WEST-BENGAL; CONTAMINATION; ENRICHMENT; CALIFORNIA; SPECIATION; POLLUTION; PROFILES AB Inverse geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) was used to identify the evolution of groundwater with emphasis on arsenic (As) release under reducing conditions in the shallow (25-30 m) Mississippi River Valley Alluvial aquifer, Arkansas, USA. The modeling was based on flow paths defined by high-precision (+/- 2 cm) water level contour map; X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), and chemical analysis of boring-sediments for minerals; and detailed chemical analysis of groundwater along the flow paths. Potential phases were constrained using general, trends in chemical analyses data of groundwater and sediments, and saturation indices data (MINTEQA2) of minerals in groundwater. Modeling results show that calcite, halite, fluorite, Fe oxyhydroxide, organic matter, H2S (gas) were dissolving with mote transfers of 1.40E - 03, 2.13E - 04, 4.15E - 06, 1.25E + 01, 3.11, and 9.34, respectively along the dominant flow line. Along the same flow line, FeS, siderite, and vivianite were precipitating with mote transfers of 9.34, 3.11, and 2.64E - 07, respectively. Cation exchange reactions of Ca2+ (4.93E - 04 mol) for Na+ (2.51 E - 04 mol) on exchange sites occurred along the dominant flow line. Gypsum dissolution reactions were dominant over calcite dissolution in some of the flow lines due to the common ion effect. The concentration of As in groundwater ranged from < 0. 5 to 77 mu g/L. Twenty percent total As was complexed with Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides. The redox environment, chemical data of sediments and groundwater, and the results of inverse geochemical modeling indicate that reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxide is the dominant process of As release in the groundwater. The relative rate of reduction of Fe oxyhydroxide over SO42- with co-precipitation of As into sulfide is the limiting factor controlling dissolved As in groundwater. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sharif, M. U.; Davis, R. K.; Steele, K. F.; Kim, B.] Univ Arkansas, Environm Dynam Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Sharif, M. U.; Davis, R. K.; Steele, K. F.; Kim, B.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kresse, T. M.] US Geol Survey, Water Sci Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Fazio, J. A.] Arkansas Dept Environm Qual, Water Div, Little Rock, AR 72219 USA. RP Sharif, MU (reprint author), 60 Clipper Rd,Apt 208, Willowdale, ON M2J 4E2, Canada. EM md.sharif@gmail.corn NR 67 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 350 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.027 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 268SR UT WOS:000253600200004 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Przybyla-Kelly, K Shively, DA Nevers, MB Byappanahalli, MN AF Whitman, Richard L. Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna Shively, Dawn A. Nevers, Meredith B. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. TI Sunlight, season, snowmelt, storm, and source affect E. coli populations in an artificially ponded stream SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE indicator bacteria; sunlight reduction; rainfall; snowmelt; remediation; wetland ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; FECAL-COLIFORMS; WATER-QUALITY; CONTAMINATION; SEDIMENT; PERSISTENCE; BACTERIA; FOREST AB Reducing fecal indicator bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), in streams is important for many downstream areas. E. coli concentrations within streams may be reduced by intervening ponds or wetlands through a number of physical and biological means. A section of Dunes Creek, a small coastal stream of southern Lake Michigan, was impounded and studied for 30 months from pre-through post-construction of the experimental pond. E. coli reduction became more predictable and effective with pond age. E. coli followed the hydrograph and increased several-fold during both rainfall and snowmelt events. Seasonally, the pond was more effective at reducing E. coli during summer than winter. Late summer, non-solar reduction or inactivation of E. coli in the pond was estimated at 72% and solar inactivation at 26%. E. coli DNA fingerprinting demonstrated that the winter population was genetically more homogeneous than the summer population. Detection of FRNA coliphages suggests that there was fecal contamination during heavy rain events. An understanding of how environmental factors interact with E. coli populations is important for assessing anticipated contaminant loading and the reduction of indicator bacteria in downstream reaches. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Whitman, Richard L.; Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna; Shively, Dawn A.; Nevers, Meredith B.; Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.] Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Whitman, RL (reprint author), Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rwhitman@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 2-3 BP 448 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.014 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 253SQ UT WOS:000252538300016 PM 18031792 ER PT J AU Hinck, JE Blazer, VS Denslow, ND Echols, KR Gale, RW Wieser, C Maya, TW Ellersiecke, M Coyle, JJ Tillitt, DE AF Hinck, Jo Ellen Blazer, Vicki S. Denslow, Nancy D. Echols, Kathy R. Gale, Robert W. Wieser, Carla Maya, Tom W. Ellersiecke, Mark Coyle, James J. Tillitt, Donald E. TI Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from rivers in the Southeastern United States SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; DDT; PCBs; ethoxyresorufin; O-deethylase (EROD) activity; histopathology; biomarkers; intersex; ovarian tumors; vitellogenin ID PLANAR HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; SELENIUM TOXICITY; DIETARY EXPOSURE; ASSESSMENT INDEX; TEMPORAL TRENDS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NORTH-CAROLINA; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were collected from 13 sites located in the Mobile (MRB), Apalachicola-Flint-Chattahoochee (ARB), Savannah (SRB), and Pee Dee (PRB) River Basins to document spatial trends in accumulative chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarkers. Organochlorine residues, 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ), and elemental contaminants were measured in composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site. Mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls; (PCBs) were the primary contaminants of concern. Concentrations of Hg in bass samples from all basins exceeded toxicity thresholds for piscivorous mammals (>0.1 mu g/g ww), juvenile and adult fish (>0.2 mu g/g ww), and piscivorous birds (>0.3 mu g/g ww). Total PCB concentrations in samples from the MRB, ARB, and PRB were >480 ng/g ww and may be a risk to piscivorous wildlife. Selenium concentrations also exceeded toxicity thresholds (>0.75 mu g/g ww) in MRB and ARB fish. Concentrations of other formerly used (total chlordanes, dieldrin, endrin, aldrin, mirex, and hexachlorobenzene) and currently used (pentachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole, dacthal, endosulfan, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, and methoxychlor) organochlorine residues were generally low or did not exceed toxicity thresholds for fish and piscivorous; wildlife. TCDD-EQs exceeded wildlife dietary guidelines (>5 pg/g ww) in MRB and PRB fish. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was generally greatest in MRB bass and carp. Altered fish health indicators and reproductive biomarker were noted in individual fish, but mean responses were similar among basins. The field necropsy and histopathological examination determined that MRB fish were generally in poorer health than those from the other basins, primarily due to parasitic infestations. Tumors were found in few fish (n = 5; 0.01%); ovarian tumors of smooth muscle origin were found in two ARB carp from the same site. Intersex gonads were identified in 47 male bass (42%) representing 12 sites and may indicate exposure to potential endocrine disrupting compounds. Comparatively high vitellogenin concentrations (>0.35 mg/mL) in male fish from the MRB, SRB, and PRB; indicate exposure to estrogenic or anti-androgenic chemicals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hinck, Jo Ellen; Echols, Kathy R.; Gale, Robert W.; Maya, Tom W.; Tillitt, Donald E.] US Geol Survey, CERC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.] USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wieser, Carla] USGS, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Ellersiecke, Mark] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Coyle, James J.] USGS, BEST Program, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hinck, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, CERC, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jhinck@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 2-3 BP 538 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.026 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 253SQ UT WOS:000252538300026 PM 18036634 ER PT J AU Cassidy, TA Johnson, RE Geissler, PE Leblanc, F AF Cassidy, T. A. Johnson, R. E. Geissler, P. E. Leblanc, F. TI Simulation of Na D emission near Europa during eclipse SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MATERIAL; ELECTRON-IMPACT; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATMOSPHERE; SODIUM; ICE; TORUS; BOMBARDMENT; SATELLITES; DESORPTION AB The Cassini imaging science subsystem observed Europa in eclipse during Cassini's Jupiter flyby. The disk-resolved observations revealed a spatially nonuniform emission in the wavelength range of 200-1050 nm ( clear filters). By building on observations and simulations of Europa's Na atmosphere and torus we find that electron-excited Na in Europa's tenuous atmosphere can account for the observed emission if the Na is ejected preferentially from Europa's dark terrain. C1 [Cassidy, T. A.; Johnson, R. E.] Univ Virginia, Engn Phys Program, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Cassidy, T. A.; Johnson, R. E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Geissler, P. E.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Leblanc, F.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Leblanc, F.] Osserv Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. RP Cassidy, TA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Engn Phys Program, POB 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 14 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E2 AR E02005 DI 10.1029/2007JE002955 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 263SF UT WOS:000253236100001 ER PT J AU Sundar, N Cole, RA Thomas, NJ Majumdar, D Dubey, JP Su, C AF Sundar, N. Cole, R. A. Thomas, N. J. Majumdar, D. Dubey, J. P. Su, C. TI Genetic diversity among sea otter isolates of Toxoplasma gondii SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; sea otters (Enhydra lutris); genotyping; DNA sequencing; Washington state; California ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; SOUTH-AMERICA; GENOTYPE; STRAINS; COMMON; BRAZIL AB Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have been reported to become infected with Toxoplasma gondii and at times succumb to clinical disease. Here, we determined genotypes of 39 T gondii isolates from 37 sea otters in two geographically distant locations (25 from California and 12 from Washington). Six genotypes were identified using 10 PCR-RFLP genetic markers including SAG 1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico, and by DNA sequencing of loci SAG1 and GRA6 in 13 isolates. Of these 39 isolates, 13 (33%) were clonal Type II which can be further divided into two groups at the locus Apico. Two of the 39 isolates had Type II alleles at all loci except a Type I allele at locus L358. One isolate had Type II alleles at all loci except the Type I alleles at loci L358 and Apico. One isolate had Type III alleles at all loci except Type H alleles at SAG2 and Apico. Two sea otter isolates had a mixed infection. Twenty-one (54%) isolates had an unique allele at SAG1 locus. Further genotyping or DNA sequence analysis for 18 of these 21 isolates at loci SAG1 and GRA6 revealed that there were two different genotypes, including the previously identified Type X (four isolates) and a new genotype named Type A (14 isolates). The results from this study suggest that the sea otter isolates are genetically diverse. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sundar, N.; Majumdar, D.] USDA, ARS, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cole, R. A.; Thomas, N. J.] Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Madison, WI USA. [Majumdar, D.; Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 14 PY 2008 VL 151 IS 2-4 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.012 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 261EA UT WOS:000253060700004 PM 18155841 ER PT J AU Muinos, SB Frank, M Maden, C Hein, JR van de Flierdt, T Lebreiro, SM Gaspar, L Monteiro, JH Halliday, AN AF Muinos, S. B. Frank, M. Maden, C. Hein, J. R. van de Flierdt, T. Lebreiro, S. M. Gaspar, L. Monteiro, J. H. Halliday, A. N. TI New constraints on the Pb and Nd isotopic evolution of NE Atlantic water masses SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ferromanganese crusts; radiogenic isotopes; seawater chemistry; northeastern Atlantic; Mediterranean Outflow Water; North East Atlantic Deep Water ID FE-MN CRUSTS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE GLACIATION; MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; DEEP-OCEAN WATER; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPES; MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW; LABRADOR SEA; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION AB Time series of lead (Pb) and neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions were measured on three ferromanganese crusts recording the evolution of NE Atlantic water masses over the past 15 Ma. The crusts are distributed along a depth profile (similar to 700- 4600 m) comprising the present-day depths of Mediterranean Outflow Water and North East Atlantic Deep Water. A pronounced increase of the (206)Pb/(204)Pb in the two deeper crusts starting at similar to 4 Ma and a decrease in (143)Nd/(144)Nd in all three crusts took place between similar to 6-4 Ma and the present. These patterns are similar to isotope time series in the western North Atlantic basin and are consistent with efficient mixing between the two basins. However, thechanges occurred 1-3 Ma earlier in the eastern basin indicating that the northeastern Atlantic led the major change in Pb and Nd isotope composition, probably due to a direct supply of Labrador Seawater via a northern route. The Pb isotope evolution during the Pliocene-Pleistocene can generally be explained by mixing between two end-members corresponding to Mediterranean Outflow Water and North East Atlantic Deep Water, but external sources such as Saharan dust are likely to have played a role as well. The Pb isotope composition of the shallowest crust that grew within the present-day Mediterranean Outflow Water does not show significant Pb isotope changes indicating that it was controlled by the same Pb sources throughout the past 15 Ma. C1 [Muinos, S. B.; Lebreiro, S. M.; Gaspar, L.; Monteiro, J. H.] Inst Nacl Engenharia Tecnol & Inovacao, Dept Geol Marinha, P-2121866 Alfragide, Portugal. [Muinos, S. B.] IFM, GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Frank, M.; van de Flierdt, T.; Halliday, A. N.] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Isotope Geol & Mineral Resources, Zurich, Switzerland. [Maden, C.] ETH, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Hein, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94024 USA. RP Muinos, SB (reprint author), Inst Nacl Engenharia Tecnol & Inovacao, Dept Geol Marinha, Estrada Portela Apartado 7586, P-2121866 Alfragide, Portugal. EM susana.muinos@ineti.pt RI Lebreiro, Susana/A-3649-2009; LNEG, Producao Cientifica/D-2212-2012; Scientific output, CIIMAR/E-5122-2012; BOLHAO MUINOS, SUSANA/D-7763-2015; OI Lebreiro, Susana/0000-0003-1478-2448; Scientific output, CIIMAR/0000-0001-6270-2153; BOLHAO MUINOS, SUSANA/0000-0002-0043-9983; Maden, Colin/0000-0002-6644-9535 NR 82 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD FEB 12 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q02007 DI 10.1029/2007GC001766 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 263QF UT WOS:000253230900001 ER PT J AU Garcia-Garcia, A Orange, D Lorenson, T Radakovitch, O Tesi, T Miserocchi, S Berne, S Friend, P Nittrouer, C Normand, A AF Garcia-Garcia, Ana Orange, Daniel Lorenson, Tom Radakovitch, Olivier Tesi, Tommaso Miserocchi, Stefano Berne, Serge Friend, Patrick Nittrouer, Chuck Normand, Alain TI Comments on "Shallow gas off the Rhone prodelta, Gulf of Lions" by Garcia-Garcia et al. (2006) Marine Geology 234 (215-231) - Reply SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE shallow gas; biogenic methane; flood deposits; Rhone prodelta; Gulf of Lions AB We really appreciate the interest and comments regarding our manuscript. We hope we address all the lingering issues in this reply. This also gives us the opportunity of publishing an update on our dataset that will complete the original manuscript (see Table 1). We have followed the author pattern in our answers: I-Gas sampling procedure, 2-Reported gas concentrations results, 3-General remarks, 4-Conclusions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia-Garcia, Ana] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Orange, Daniel] AOA Geophys Inc, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Lorenson, Tom] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Radakovitch, Olivier] CEREGE, Aix En Provence, France. [Tesi, Tommaso; Miserocchi, Stefano] CNR, ISMAR, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Berne, Serge; Normand, Alain] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Friend, Patrick] Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, SOC, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Nittrouer, Chuck] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Garcia-Garcia, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM agarcia@es.ucsc.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Miserocchi, Stefano/P-7168-2015 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Miserocchi, Stefano/0000-0002-6315-8919 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB 8 PY 2008 VL 248 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.05.009 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 271RT UT WOS:000253807100009 ER PT J AU Laing, KJ Purcell, MK Winton, JR Hansen, JD AF Laing, Kerry J. Purcell, Maureen K. Winton, James R. Hansen, John D. TI A genomic view of the NOD-like receptor family in teleost fish: identification of a novel NLR subfamily in zebrafish SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MURAMYL DIPEPTIDE; PROTEIN; INFLAMMASOME; DOMAIN; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; CATERPILLER; DUPLICATION; EXPRESSION AB Background: A large multigene family of NOD-like receptor (NLR) molecules have been described in mammals and implicated in immunity and apoptosis. Little information, however, exists concerning this gene family in non-mammalian taxa. This current study, therefore, provides an in-depth investigation of this gene family in lower vertebrates including extensive phylogenetic comparison of zebrafish NLRs with orthologs in tetrapods, and analysis of their tissue-specific expression. Results: Three distinct NLR subfamilies were identified by mining genome databases of various non-mammalian vertebrates; the first subfamily (NLR-A) resembles mammalian NODs,the second (NLR-B) resembles mammalian NALPs, while the third (NLR-C) appears to be unique to teleost fish. In zebrafish, NLR-A and NLR-B subfamilies contain five and six genes respectively. The third subfamily is large, containing several hundred NLR-C genes, many of which are predicted to encode a C-terminal B30.2 domain. This subfamily most likely evolved from a NOD3-like molecule. Gene predictions for zebrafish NLRs were verified using sequence derived from ESTs or direct sequencing of cDNA. Reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis confirmed expression of representative genes from each subfamily in selected tissues. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the presence of multiple NLR gene orthologs, which form a large multigene family in teleostei. Although the functional significance of the three major NLR subfamilies is unclear, we speculate that conservation and abundance of NLR molecules in all teleostei genomes, reflects an essential role in cellular control, apoptosis or immunity throughout bony fish. C1 [Laing, Kerry J.; Hansen, John D.] Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Purcell, Maureen K.; Winton, James R.; Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Laing, KJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM klaing@fhcrc.org; maureen_purcell@usgs.gov; jim_winton@usgs.gov; jdh25@u.washington.edu RI Laing, Kerry/C-2211-2008; OI Laing, Kerry/0000-0001-9245-5325; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 39 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD FEB 6 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 42 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-42 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 275EC UT WOS:000254053700002 PM 18254971 ER PT J AU McGee, KA Doukas, MP McGimsey, RG Neal, CA Wessels, RL AF McGee, K. A. Doukas, M. P. McGimsey, R. G. Neal, C. A. Wessels, R. L. TI Atmospheric contribution of gas emissions from Augustine volcano, Alaska during the 2006 eruption SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLUMES AB Airborne surveillance of gas emissions from Augustine for SO(2), CO(2) and H(2)S showed no evidence of anomalous degassing from 1990 through May 2005. By December 20, 2005, Augustine was degassing 660 td(-1) of SO(2), and ten times that by January 4, 2006. The highest SO(2) emission rate measured during the 2006 eruption was 8650 td(-1) (March 1); for CO(2), 13000 td(-1) (March 9), and H(2)S, 8 td(-1) (January 19). Thirty-four SO(2) measurements were made from December 2005 through 2006, with 9 each for CO(2) and H(2)S. Augustine released 1 x 10(6) tonnes of CO(2) to the atmosphere during 2006, a level similar to the output of a medium-sized natural gas-fired power plant, and thus was not a significant contributor of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere compared to anthropogenic sources. Augustine released about 5 x 10(5) tonnes of SO(2) during 2006, similar to that released in 1976 and 1986. C1 [McGee, K. A.; Doukas, M. P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [McGimsey, R. G.; Neal, C. A.; Wessels, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP McGee, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM kenmcgee@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 6 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 AR L03306 DI 10.1029/2007GL032301 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 261FD UT WOS:000253063600002 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Cronin, TM deMenocal, PB Okahashi, H Linsley, BK AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Cronin, Thomas M. deMenocal, Peter B. Okahashi, Hisayo Linsley, Braddock K. TI Abrupt climate change and collapse of deep-sea ecosystems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE deglacial-Holocene; Ostracoda; species diversity; macroecology; paleoceanography ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAST DEGLACIATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; BIODIVERSITY RESPONSE; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; WATER VARIABILITY; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; AGE CALIBRATION AB We investigated the deep-sea fossil record of benthic ostracodes during periods of rapid climate and oceanographic change over the past 20,000 years in a core from intermediate depth in the northwestern Atlantic. Results show that deep-sea benthic community "collapses" occur with faunal turnover of up to 50% during major climatically driven oceanographic changes. Species diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index falls from 3 to as low as 1.6 during these events. Major disruptions in the benthic communities commenced with Heinrich Event 1, the Inter-Allerod Cold Period (IACP: 13.1 ka), the Younger Dryas (YD: 12.9-11.5 ka), and several Holocene Bond events when changes in deep-water circulation occurred. The largest collapse is associated with the YD/IACP and is characterized by an abrupt two-step decrease in both the upper North Atlantic Deep Water assemblage and species diversity at 13.1 ka and at 12.2 ka. The ostracode fauna at this site did not fully recover until approximate to 8 ka, with the establishment of Labrador Sea Water ventilation. Ecologically opportunistic slope species prospered during this community collapse. Other abrupt community collapses during the past 20 ka generally correspond to millennial climate events. These results indicate that deep-sea ecosystems are not immune to the effects of rapid climate changes occurring over centuries or less. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Cronin, Thomas M.; Okahashi, Hisayo] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [deMenocal, Peter B.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Linsley, Braddock K.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; demenocal, peter/B-1386-2013 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; demenocal, peter/0000-0002-7191-717X NR 71 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1556 EP 1560 DI 10.1073/pnas.0705486105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 261KQ UT WOS:000253077900033 PM 18227517 ER PT J AU Aguilar, A Jessup, DA Estes, J Garza, JC AF Aguilar, A. Jessup, D. A. Estes, J. Garza, J. C. TI The distribution of nuclear genetic variation and historical demography of sea otters SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE sea otters; endangered species; Enhydra; microsatellites; MHC ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; MICROSATELLITE DNA VARIATION; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO; MOLECULAR ECOLOGY; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; EURASIAN OTTER AB The amount and distribution of population genetic variation is crucial information for the design of effective conservation strategies for endangered species and can also be used to provide inference about demographic processes and patterns of migration. Here, we describe variation at a large number of nuclear genes in sea otters Enhydra lutris ssp. We surveyed 14 variable microsatellite loci and two genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in up to 350 California sea otters Enhydra lutris nereis, which represents similar to 10% of the subspecies' population, and 46 otters from two Alaskan sites. We utilized methods for detecting past reductions in effective population size to examine the effects of near extinction from the fur trade. Summary statistic tests largely failed to find a signal of a recent population size reduction (within the past 200 years), but a Bayesian method found a signal of a strong reduction over a longer time scale (up to 500 years ago). These results indicate that the reduction in size began long enough ago that much genetic variation was lost before the 19th century fur trade. A comparison of geographic distance and pairwise relatedness for individual otters found no evidence of kin-based spatial clustering for either gender. This indicates that there is no population structure, due to extended family groups, within the California population. A survey of population genetic variation found that two of the MHC genes, DQB and DRB, had two alleles present and one of the genes, DRA, was monomorphic in otters. This contrasts with other mammals, where they are often the most variable coding genes known. Genetic variation in the sea otter is among the lowest observed for a mammal and raises concerns about the long-term viability of the species, particularly in the face of future environmental changes. C1 [Aguilar, A.; Garza, J. C.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Aguilar, A.; Estes, J.; Garza, J. C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jessup, D. A.] Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Calif Dept Fish & Game, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Estes, J.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00144.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257NB UT WOS:000252804700008 ER PT J AU Seal, RR Shanks, WC AF Seal, Robert R., II Shanks, Wayne C., III TI Sulfide oxidation: Insights from experimental, isotope, and predictive studies in the field theoretical, stable and laboratory - Preface SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PYRITE OXIDATION C1 [Seal, Robert R., II] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rseal@usgs.gov; pshanks@usgs.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 101 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.006 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 277NB UT WOS:000254218600001 ER PT J AU Stanton, MR Gemery-Hill, PA Shanks, WC Taylor, CD AF Stanton, Mark R. Gemery-Hill, Pamela A. Shanks, Wayne C., III Taylor, Cliff D. TI Rates of zinc and trace metal release from dissolving sphalerite at pH 2.0-4.0 SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION; KINETICS; IRON AB High-Fe and low-Fe sphalerite samples were reacted under controlled pH conditions to determine nonoxidative rates of release of Zn and trace metals from the solid-phase. The release (solubilization) of trace metals from dissolving sphalerite to the aqueous phase can be characterized by a kinetic distribution coefficient, (D-tr), which is defined as [(R-tr/X(tr)(sph))(/)(R-zn/X(Zn)(Sph))], where R is the trace metal or Zn release rate, and X is the mole fraction of the trace metal or Zn in sphalerite. This coefficient describes the relationship of the sphalerite dissolution rate to the trace metal mole fraction in the solid and its aqueous concentration. The distribution was used to determine some controls on metal release during the dissolution of sphalerite. Departures from the ideal D-tr of 1.0 suggest that some trace metals may be released via different pathways or that other processes (e.g., adsorption, solubility of trace minerals such as galena) affect the observed concentration of metals. Nonoxidative sphalerite dissolution (mediated by H+) is characterized by a "fast" stage in the first 24-30 h, followed by a "slow" stage for the remainder of the reaction. Over the pH range 2.0-4.0, and for similar extent of reaction (reaction time), sphalerite composition, and surface area, the rates of release of Zn, Fe, Cd, Cu, Mn and Pb from sphalerite generally increase with lower pH. Zinc and Fe exhibit the fastest rates of release, Mn and Pb have intermediate rates of release, and Cd and Cu show the slowest rates of release. The largest variations in metal release rates occur at pH 2.0. At pH 3.0 and 4.0, release rates show less variation and appear less dependent on the metal abundance in the solid. For the same extent of reaction (100 h), rates of Zn release range from 1.53 x 10(-11) to 5.72 x 10(-11)) mol/m(2)/S; for Fe, the range is from 4.59 x 10(-13) to 1.99 x 10(-10) mol/m(2)/S. Trace metal release rates are generally 1-5 orders of magnitude slower than the Zn or Fe rates. Results indicate that the distributions of Fe and Cd are directly related to the rate of sphalerite dissolution throughout the reaction at pH 3.0 and 4.0 because these two elements substitute readily into sphalerite. These two metals are likely to be more amenable to usage in predictive acid dissolution models because of this behavior. The Pb distribution shows no strong relation to sphalerite dissolution and appears to be controlled by pH-dependent solubility, most likely related to trace amounts of galena. The distribution of Cu is similar to that of Fe but is the most-dependent of all metals on its mole fraction ratio (Zn:Cu) in sphalerite. The Mn distributions suggest an increase in the rate of Mn release relative to sphalerite dissolution occurs in low Mn samples as pH increases. The Mn distribution in high Mn samples is nearly independent of pH and sphalerite dissolution at pH 2.0 but shows a dependence on these two parameters at higher pH (3.0-4.0). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stanton, Mark R.; Gemery-Hill, Pamela A.; Shanks, Wayne C., III; Taylor, Cliff D.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Stanton, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM mstanton@usgs.gov RI Taylor, Cliff/A-2833-2012; OI Taylor, Cliff/0000-0001-6376-6298 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 136 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.005 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 277NB UT WOS:000254218600004 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA AF Cravotta, Charles A., III TI Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ACID SULFATE WATERS; NET ALKALINITY; DRAINAGE; IRON; ADSORPTION; ALUMINUM; PH; SCHWERTMANNITE; INCREASE AB Complete hydrochemical data are rarely reported for coal-mine discharges (CMD). This report summarizes major and trace-element concentrations and loadings for CMD at 140 abandoned mines in the Anthracite and Bituminous Coalfields of Pennsylvania. Clean-sampling and low-level analytical methods were used in 1999 to collect data that could be useful to determine potential environmental effects, remediation strategies, and quantities of valuable constituents. A subset of 10 sites was resampled in 2003 to analyze both the CMD and associated ochreous precipitates; the hydrochemical data were similar in 2003 and 1999. In 1999, the flow at the 140 CMD sites ranged from 0.028 to 2210 L s(-1), with a median of 18.4 Ls(-1). The pH ranged from 2.7 to 7.3; concentrations (range in mg/L) of dissolved (0.45-mu m pore-size filter) SO4 (34-2000), Fe (0.046-512), Mn (0.019-74), and Al (0.007-108) varied widely. Predominant metalloid elements were Si (2.7-31.3 mg L-1), B (<1-260 mu g L-1), Ge (<0.01-0.57 mu g L-1), and As (<0.03-64 mu g L-1). The most abundant trace metals, in order of median concentrations (range in mu g/L), were Zn (0.6-10,000), Ni (2.6-3200), Co (0.27-3100), Ti (0.65-28), Cu (0.4-190), Cr (<0.5-72), Pb (<0.05-11) and Cd (<0.01-16). Gold was detected at concentrations greater than 0.0005 mu g L-1 in 97% of the samples, with a maximum of 0.0175 mu g L-1. No samples had detectable concentrations of Hg, Os or Pt, and less than half of the samples had detectable Pd, Ag, Ru, Ta, Nb, Re or Sn. Predominant rare-earth elements, in order of median concentrations (range in tg/L), were Y(0.11-530), Ce (0.01-370), Sc (1.0-36), Nd (0.006-260), La (0.005-140), Gd (0.005-110), Dy (0.002-99) and Sm (0.005-79). Although dissolved Fe was not correlated with pH, concentrations of Al, Mn, most trace metals, and rare earths were negatively correlated with pH, consistent with solubility or sorption controls. In contrast, As was positively correlated with pH. None of the 140 CMD samples met all US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) continuous-concentration criteria for protection of freshwater aquatic organisms; the samples exceeded criteria for Al, Fe, Co, Ni, and/or Zn. Ten percent of the samples exceeded USEPA primary drinking-water standards for As, and 33% exceeded standards for Be. Only one sample met drinking-water standards for inorganic constituents in a public water supply. Except for S, the nonmetal elements (S > C > P = N - Se) were not elevated in the CMD samples compared to average river water or seawater. Compared to seawater, the CMD samples also were poor in halogens (Cl > Br > I > F), alkalies (Na > K > Li > Rb > Cs), most alkaline earths (Ca > Mg > Sr), and most metalloids but were enriched by two to four orders of magnitude with Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Be, Sc, Y and the lanthanide rare-earth elements, and one order of magnitude with Ni and Zn. The ochre samples collected at a subset of 10 sites in 2003 were dominantly goethite with minor ferrihydrite or lepidocrocite. None of the samples for this subset contained schwertmannite or was Al rich, but most contained minor aluminosilicate detritus. Compared to concentrations in global average shale, the ochres were rich in Fe, Ag, As and Au, but were poor in most other metals and rare earths. The ochres were not enriched compared to commercial ore deposits mined for Au or other valuable metals. Although similar to commercial Fe ores in composition, the ochres are dispersed and present in relatively small quantities at most sites. Nevertheless, the ochres could be valuable for use as pigment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov NR 100 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 166 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.011 PG 37 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 277NB UT WOS:000254218600006 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA AF Cravotta, Charles A., III TI Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 2: Geochemical controls on constituent concentrations SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIMESTONE DRAINS; NET ALKALINITY; IRON-OXIDE; WATERS; ALUMINUM; SULFATE; SCHWERTMANNITE; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; ACIDITY AB Water-quality data for discharges from 140 abandoned mines in the Anthracite and Bituminous Coalfields of Pennsylvania reveal complex relations among the pH and dissolved solute concentrations that can be explained with geochemical equilibrium models. Observed values of pH ranged from 2.7 to 7.3 in the coal-mine discharges (CMD). Generally, flow rates were smaller and solute concentrations were greater for low-pH CMD samples; pH typically increased with flow rate. Although the frequency distribution of pH was similar for the anthracite and bituminous discharges, the bituminous discharges had smaller median flow rates; greater concentrations Of SO4, Fe, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Sr; comparable concentrations of Mn, Cd, Zn and Se; and smaller concentrations of Ba and Pb than anthracite discharges with the same pH values. The observed relations between the pH and constituent concentrations can be attributed to (1) dilution of acidic water by near-neutral or alkaline ground water; (2) solubility control of Al, Fe, Mn, Ba and Sr by hydroxide, sulfate, and/or carbonate minerals; and (3) aqueous SO4-complexation and surface-complexation (adsorption) reactions. The formation of AlSO4+ and AIHSO(4)(2+) complexes adds to the total dissolved Al concentration at equilibrium with AI(OH)3 and/or Al hydroxysulfate phases and can account for 10-20 times greater concentrations of dissolved A] in SO4-laden bituminous discharges compared to anthracite discharges at pH of 5. Sulfate complexation can also account for 10-30 times greater concentrations of dissolved Fe-III concentrations at equilibrium with Fe(OH)(3) and/or schwertmannite (Fe8O8(OH)(4.5)(SO4)(1.75)) at pH of 3-5. In contrast, lower Ba concentrations in bituminous discharges indicate that elevated SO4 concentrations in these CMD sources could limit Ba concentrations by the precipitation of barite (BaSO4). Coprecipitation of Sr with barite could limit concentrations of this element. However, concentrations of dissolved Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn,, and most other trace cations in CMD samples were orders of magnitude less than equilibrium with sulfate, carbonate, and/or hydroxide minerals. Surface complexation (adsorption) by hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) could account for the decreased concentrations of these divalent cations with increased pH. In contrast, increased concentrations of As and, to a lesser extent, Se with increased pH could result from the adsorption of these oxyanions by HFO at low pH and desorption at near-neutral pH. Hence, the solute concentrations in CMD and the purity of associated "ochres" formed in CMD settings are expected to vary with pH and aqueous SO4 concentration, with potential for elevated SO4, As and Se in ochres formed at low pH and elevated Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in ochres formed at near-neutral pH. Elevated SO4 content of ochres could enhance the adsorption of cations at low pH, but decrease the adsorption of anions such as As. Such information on environmental processes that control element concentrations in aqueous samples and associated precipitates could be useful in the design of systems to reduce dissolved contaminant concentrations and/or to recover potentially valuable constituents in mine effluents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. EM cravotta@usgs.gov NR 97 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 203 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.003 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 277NB UT WOS:000254218600007 ER PT J AU Koski, RA Munk, L Foster, AL Shanks, WC Stillings, LL AF Koski, Randolph A. Munk, LeeAnn Foster, Andrea L. Shanks, Wayne C., III Stillings, Lisa L. TI Sulfide oxidation and distribution of metals near abandoned copper mines in coastal environments, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PYRRHOTITE OXIDATION; RIDGE SUBDUCTION; SOUTHERN ALASKA; ACID; DRAINAGE; COMPLEX; IRON; FERRIHYDRITE; KINETICS; COLORADO AB The oxidation of sulfide-rich rocks, mostly leftover debris from Cu mining in the early 20th century, is contributing to metal contamination of local coastal environments in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Analyses of sulfide, water, sediment, precipitate and biological samples from the Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman mine sites show that acidic surface waters generated from sulfide weathering are pathways for redistribution of environmentally important elements into and beyond the intertidal zone at each site. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits composed of pyrrhotite and (or) pyrite + chalcopyrite + sphaterite with subordinate galena, arsenopyrite, and cobaltite represent potent sources of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Hg. The resistance to oxidation among the major sulfides increases in the order pyrrhotite << sphalerite < chalcopyrite <= pyrite; thus, pyrrhotite-rich rocks are typically more oxidized than those dominated by pyrite. The pervasive alteration of pyrrhotite begins with rim replacement by marcasite followed by replacement of the core by sulfur, Fe sulfate, and Fe-Al sulfate. The oxidation of chalcopyrite and pyrite involves an encroachment by colloform Fe oxyhydroxides at grain margins and along crosscutting cracks that gradually consumes the entire grain. The complete oxidation of sulfide-rich samples results in a porous aggregate of goethite, lepidocrocite and amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxide enclosing hydrothermal and sedimentary silicates. An inverse correlation between pH and metal concentrations is evident in water data from all three sites. Among all waters sampled, pore waters from Ellamar beach gravels have the lowest pH (similar to 3) and highest concentrations of base metals (to similar to 25,000 mu g/L), which result from oxidation of abundant sulfide-rich debris in the sediment. High levels of dissolved Hg (to 4100 ng/L) in the pore waters probably result from oxidation of sphalerite-rich rocks. The low-pH and high concentrations of dissolved Fe, Al, and SO4 are conducive to precipitation of interstitial jarosite in the intertidal gravels. Although pore waters from the intertidal zone at the Threeman mine site have circumneutral pH values, small amounts of dissolved Fe2+ in the pore waters are oxidized during mixing with seawater, resulting in precipitation of Fe-oxyhydroxide floes along the beach-seawater interface. At the Beatson site, surface waters funneled through the underground mine workings and discharged across the waste dumps have near-neutral pH (6.7-7.3) and a relatively small base-metal load; however, these streams probably play a role in the physical transport of metalliferous particulates into intertidal and offshore areas during storm events. Somewhat more acidic fluids, to pH 5.3, occur in stagnant seeps and small streams emerging from the Beatson waste dumps. Amorphous Fe precipitates in stagnant waters at Beatson have high Cu (5.2 wt%) and Zn (2.3 wt%) concentrations that probably reflect adsorption onto the extremely high surface area of colloidal particles. Conversely, crystalline precipitates composed of ferrihydrite and schwertmannite that formed in the active flow of small streams have lower metal contents, which are attributed to their smaller surface area and, therefore, fewer reactive sorption sites. Seeps containing precipitates with high metal contents may contribute contaminants to the marine environment during storm-induced periods of high runoff. Preliminary chemical data for mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from Beatson, Ellamar, and Threeman indicate that bioaccumuation of base metals is occurring in the marine environment at all three sites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Koski, Randolph A.; Foster, Andrea L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Munk, LeeAnn] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stillings, Lisa L.] Univ Nevada, Mackay Sch Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Koski, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 901,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rkoski@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 227 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.007 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 277NB UT WOS:000254218600008 ER PT J AU Stillings, LL Foster, AL Koski, RA Munk, L Shanks, WC AF Stillings, Lisa L. Foster, Andrea L. Koski, Randolph A. Munk, LeeAnn Shanks, Wayne C., III TI Temporal variation and the effect of rainfall on metals flux from the historic Beatson mine, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; COLORADO; ALUMINUM; DRAINAGE; IRON AB Several abandoned Cu mines are located along the shore of Prince William Sound, AK, where the effect of mining-related discharge upon shoreline ecosystems is unknown. To determine the magnitude of this effect at the former Beatson mine, the largest Cu mine in the region and a Besshi-type massive sulfide ore deposit, trace metal concentration and flux were measured in surface run-off from remnant, mineralized workings and waste. Samples were collected from seepage waters; a remnant glory hole which is now a pit lake; a braided stream draining an area of mineralized rock, underground mine workings, and waste piles; and a background location upstream of the mine workings and mineralized rock. In the background stream pH averaged similar to 7.3, specific conductivity (SC) was similar to 40 mu S/cm, and the aqueous components indicative of sulfide mineral weathering, SO4 and trace metals, were at detection limits or lower. In the braided stream below the mine workings and waste piles, pH usually varied from 6.7 to 7.1, SC varied from 40 to 120 mu S/cm, SO4 had maximum concentrations of 32 mg/L, and the trace metals Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn showed maximum total acid extractable concentrations of 186, 5.9, 6.2 and 343 mu g/L, respectively. With an annual rainfall of similar to 340 cm (estimated from the 2006 water year) it was expected that rain water would have a large effect on the chemistry of the braided stream draining the mine site. A linear mixing model with two end members, seepage water from mineralized rock and background water, estimated that the braided stream contained 10-35% mine drainage. After rain events the braided stream showed a decrease in pH, SC, Ca + Mg, SO4, and alkalinity, due to dilution. The trace metals Ni and Zn followed this same pattern. Sodium + K and Cl did not vary between the background and braided stream, nor did they vary with rainfall. At approximately 2 and 3 mg/L, respectively, these concentrations are similar to concentrations found in rainfall on the coasts of North America. High concentrations of total acid extractable At and Fe were found at near-neutral pH in most of the waters collected at the site. Equilibrium solubility simulations, performed with PHREEQC, show that the stream waters are saturated with respect to At, Fe and SiO2 solid phases. Because the "dissolved" sample fractions (acid preserved and filtered to 0.45 mu m) show significant concentrations of At and Fe it is presumed that these are present as colloids. The relationship between concentrations of At and Fe, and rainfall was the opposite of that observed for the major ions Ca + Mg, SO4, and alkalinity, in that At and Fe concentrations increased with increasing rainfall. Concentrations of Cu and Pb followed the same Adsorption calculations were performed with Visual MINTEQ, using the diffuse double layer electrostatic model and surface complexation constants for the ferrihydrite surface. These results suggest that 30-93% of Cu and 58-97% of Pb was adsorbed to ferrihydrite precipitates in the stream waters. Ni and Zn showed little adsorption in this pH range. Flux calculations show that the total mass of trace metals transported from the mine site, during the 60 day study period, was ranked as Zn (196 kg) > Cu (87 kg) > Pb(1.9 kg) Ni(1.9 kg). Nickel and Zn were transported mostly as dissolved species while Cu and Pb were transported mostly as adsorbed species. pH control on adsorption was evident when Cu and Pb isotherms were normalized by ferrihydrite flux. Decreased stream water pH due to periods of frequent and high volume rain events would cause desorption of Cu and Pb from the ferrihydrite surface, thus changing not only their speciation in solution but also their mechanism of transport. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stillings, Lisa L.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Foster, Andrea L.; Koski, Randolph A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Munk, LeeAnn] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Shanks, Wayne C., III] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Stillings, LL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, MS-176, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM stilling@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 255 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.013 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 277NB UT WOS:000254218600009 ER PT J AU Foster, AL Munk, L Koski, RA Shanks, WC Stillings, LL AF Foster, A. L. Munk, L. Koski, R. A. Shanks, W. C., III Stillings, L. L. TI Relationships between microbial communities and environmental parameters at sites impacted by mining of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Prince William Sound, Alaska SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FATTY-ACIDS; GEN. NOV.; SOIL; PROFILES; SEDIMENT; ECOLOGY; MICROORGANISMS; CONTAMINATION AB The relations among geochemical parameters and sediment microbial communities were examined at three shoreline sites in the Prince William Sound, Alaska, which display varying degrees of impact by acid-rock drainage (ARD) associated with historic mining of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Microbial communities were examined using total fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), a class of compounds derived from lipids produced by eukaryotes and prokaryotes (bacteria and Archaea); standard extraction techniques detect FAMEs from both living (viable) and dead (non-viable) biomass, but do not detect Archaeal FAMEs. Biomass and diversity (as estimated by FAMEs) varied strongly as a function of position in the tidal zone, not by study site; subtidal muds, Fe oxyhydroxide undergoing biogenic reductive dissolution, and peat-rich intertidal sediment had the highest values. These estimates were lowest in acid-generating, intertidal zone sediment; if valid, the estimates suggest that only one or two bacterial species predominate in these communities, and/or that Archeal species are important members of the microbial community in this sediment. All samples were dominated by bacterial FAMEs (median value >90%). Samples with the highest absolute abundance of eukaryotic FAMEs were biogenic Fe oxyhydroxides from shallow freshwater pools (fungi) and subtidal muds (diatoms). Eukaryotic FAMEs were practically absent from low-pH, sulfide-rich intertidal zone sediments. The relative abundance of general microbial functional groups such as aerobes/anaerobes and gram(+)/gram(-) was not estimated due to severe inconsistency among the results obtained using several metrics reported in the literature. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were performed to investigate the relationship among samples as separate functions of water, sediment, and FAMEs data. PCAs based on water chemistry and FAMEs data resulted in similar relations among samples, whereas the PCA based on sediment chemistry produced a very different sample arrangement. Specifically, the sediment parameter PCA grouped samples with high bulk trace metal concentration regardless of whether the metals were incorporated into secondary precipitates or primary sulfides. The water chemistry PCA and FAMEs PCA appear to be less prone to this type of artifact. Signature lipids in sulfide-rich sediments could indicate the presence of acid-tolerant and/or acidophilic members of the genus Thiobacillus or they could indicate the presence Of S04-reducing bacteria. The microbial community documented in subtidal and offshore sediments is rich in SRB and/or facultative anaerobes of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group; both could reasonably be expected in PWS coastal environments. The results of this study provide evidence for substantial feedback between local (meter to centimeter-scale) geochemical variations, and sediment microbial community composition, and show that microbial community signatures in the intertidal zone are significantly altered at sites where ARD drainage is present relative to sites where it is not, even if the sediment geochemistry indicates net accumulation of ARD-generated trace metals in the intertidal zone. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Foster, A. L.; Koski, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Munk, L.] Univ Alaska, Dept Geol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Shanks, W. C., III] US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr MS, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Stillings, L. L.] Univ Nevada, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Foster, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afoster@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 279 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.012 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 277NB UT WOS:000254218600010 ER PT J AU Seal, RR Hammarstrom, JM Johnson, AN Piatak, NM Wandless, GA AF Seal, Robert R., II Hammarstrom, Jane M. Johnson, Adam N. Piatak, Nadine M. Wandless, Gregory A. TI Environmental geochemistry of a Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit at the abandoned Valzinco mine, Virginia, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SULFATE MINERALS; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; PYRITE OXIDATION; ACIDIC SOLUTIONS; UNITED-STATES; COAL-MINE; WATERS; PENNSYLVANIA; PREDICTION AB The abandoned Valzinco mine, which worked a steeply dipping Kuroko-type massive sulfide deposit in the Virginia Au-pyrite belt, contributed significant metal-laden acid-mine drainage to the Knight's Branch watershed. The host rocks were dominated by metamorphosed felsic volcanic rocks, which offered limited acid-neutralizing potential. The ores were dominated by pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite, which represented significant acid-generating potential. Acid-base accounting and leaching studies of flotation tailings - the dominant mine waste at the site - indicated that they were acid generating and therefore, should have liberated significant quantities of metals to solution. Field studies of mine drainage from the site confirmed that mine drainage and the impacted stream waters had pH values from 1.1 to 6.4 and exceeded aquatic ecosystem toxicity limits for Fe, Al, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Stable isotope studies of water, dissolved SO42-, and primary and secondary sulfate and sulfide minerals indicated that two distinct sulfide oxidation pathways were operative at the site: one dominated by Fe(III) as the oxidant, and another by molecular 02 as the oxidant. Reaction-path modeling suggested that geochemical interactions between tailings and waters approached a steady state within about a year. Both leaching studies and geochemical reaction-path modeling provided reasonable predictions of the mine-drainage chemistry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Seal, Robert R., II; Hammarstrom, Jane M.; Johnson, Adam N.; Piatak, Nadine M.; Wandless, Gregory A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM rseal@usgs.gov NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 320 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.001 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 277NB UT WOS:000254218600012 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB McCarty, GW Rutherford, DW Wershaw, RL AF Reeves, James B., III McCarty, Gregory W. Rutherford, David W. Wershaw, Robert L. TI Mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopic examination of charred pine wood, bark, cellulose, and lignin: Implications for the quantitative determination of charcoal in soils SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE mid-infrared spectra; charcoal; soils; diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; DRIFTS ID CRYSTALLINE POLYSACCHARIDES; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; INFRARED SPECTRA; BLACK CARBON AB Fires in terrestrial ecosystems produce large amounts of charcoal that persist in the environment and represent a substantial pool of sequestered carbon in soil. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of charring on mid-infrared spectra of materials likely to be present in forest fires in order to determine the feasibility of determining charred organic matter in soils. Four materials (cellulose, lignin, pine bark, and pine wood) and char from these materials, created by charring for various durations (1 to 168 h) and at various temperatures (200 to 450 degrees C), were studied. Mid-infrared spectra and measures of acidity (total acids, carboxylic acids, lactones, and phenols as determined by titration) were determined for 56 different samples (not all samples were charred at all temperatures/durations). Results showed spectral changes that varied with the material, temperature, and duration of charring. Despite the wide range of spectral changes seen with the differing materials and length/temperature of charring, partial least squares calibrations for total acids, carboxylic acids, lactones, and phenols were successfully created (coefficient of determination and root mean squared deviation of 0.970 and 0.380; 0.933 and 0.227; 0.976 and 0.120; and 0.982 and 0.101 meq/g, respectively), indicating that there is a sufficient commonality in the changes to develop calibrations without the need for unique calibrations for each specific material or condition of char formation. C1 [Reeves, James B., III] BARC E, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McCarty, Gregory W.] BARC W, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rutherford, David W.; Wershaw, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80288 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), BARC E, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 62 IS 2 BP 182 EP 189 DI 10.1366/000370208783575618 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 262VH UT WOS:000253175600009 PM 18284794 ER PT J AU Cebrian, MR Kielland, K Finstad, G AF Cebrian, Merben R. Kielland, Knut Finstad, Greg TI Forage quality and reindeer productivity: Multiplier effects amplified by climate change SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; GROWING-SEASON; FEMALE CARIBOU; ENERGY-INTAKE; GROWTH; PHENOLOGY; RESPONSES; PLANTS; SNOW; PERFORMANCE AB We investigated the effects of experimental manipulations of snowmelt on the flowering phenology and forage chemistry (digestibility and nitrogen concentration) of tussock cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum) on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Early snowmelt accelerated reproductive phenology by 11 days, and resulted in higher floral digestibility both early and late during inflorescence development. Nitrogen concentrations of inflorescences in late snowmelt plots were initially the highest among treatments, but decreased nearly 40% during inflorescence development. Thus, changes in climate that lead to changes in snow cover can alter both the timing of flowering and chemistry of Eriophorum and, consequently, its value as reindeer and caribou forage. We then used published relationships between forage chemistry and body weight gain of reindeer (White, 1983) to model the possible effects of altered forage chemistry on food intake and growth in reindeer. Model output shows that reindeer foraging on Eriophorum inflorescences may increase digestible dry matter intake twofold by selectively foraging on early-emergent inflorescences. The multiplicative effects of forage quality and food intake result in a near doubling in the rate of weight gain during this critical early spring period. Such increases in body weight gain have potentially great consequences for reindeer at both individual and population levels. C1 [Kielland, Knut] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cebrian, Merben R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tetlin Natl Wildlife Refuge, Tok, AK 99780 USA. [Finstad, Greg] Univ Alaska, Reindeer Res Program, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Kielland, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftkk@uaf.edu NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(06-073)[CEBRIAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 258LI UT WOS:000252869000005 ER PT J AU Reardon, BA Pederson, GT Caruso, CJ Fagre, DB AF Reardon, B. A. Pederson, G. T. Caruso, C. J. Fagre, D. B. TI Spatial reconstructions and comparisons of historic snow avalanche frequency and extent using tree rings in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GASPE PENINSULA; ROCKFALL ACTIVITY; MASS MOVEMENT; DEBRIS-FLOW; CLIMATE; HAZARD; DENDROCHRONOLOGY; COLORADO; PLATEAU; QUEBEC AB Natural snow avalanches have periodically damaged infrastructure and disrupted railroad and highway traffic at the southwestern corner of Glacier National Park, Montana. The 94-year history of these disruptions constitutes an uncommon record of natural avalanches spanning over nine decades and presents a unique opportunity to examine how natural avalanche frequency and minimum extent have varied over time due to climatic or biophysical changes. This study compared the historic record of natural avalanches in one avalanche path with tree-ring evidence of avalanches from 109 cross sections and increment cores collected in the same path. Results from combined historic and tree-ring records yielded 27 avalanche years in the 1910-2003 chronology, with the historic record alone underestimating avalanche years by half. Mean return period was 3.2 years. Interpolated maps allowed for more spatially precise estimates of return periods throughout the runout zone than previous studies. The maps show return periods increase rapidly downslope from 2.3 to 25 years. Avalanche years were associated with positive Snow Water Equivalent anomalies at a nearby snow course. Minimum avalanche extent was highly variable but not associated with snowpack anomalies. Most avalanche years coincided with years in which the mean January-February Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 3.4 indices were neutral. The findings suggest that changes in Pacific climate patterns that influence snowfall could also alter the frequency of natural snow avalanches and could thus change disturbance patterns in the montane forests of the canyon. C1 [Reardon, B. A.] US Geol Survey No Rocky Mt Sci Ct, Sci Ctr, Global Change Program, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Pederson, G. T.; Caruso, C. J.] Montana State Univ, Big Sky Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Fagre, D. B.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Sci, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Reardon, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey No Rocky Mt Sci Ct, Sci Ctr, Global Change Program, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM blase.reardon@gmail.com NR 52 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 148 EP 160 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(06-069)[REARDON]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 258LI UT WOS:000252869000017 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Voytek, MA AF Oremland, Ronald S. Voytek, Mary A. TI Acetylene as fast food: Implications for development of life on anoxic primordial earth and in the outer solar system SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anaerobic microbial alkyne oxidation; ancient biomes; exobiology ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; NON METHANE HYDROCARBONS; NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTION; EARLY ATMOSPHERE; PELOBACTER-ACETYLENICUS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; AMMONIA OXIDATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Acetylene occurs, by photolysis of methane, in the atmospheres of jovian planets and Titan. In contrast, acetylene is only a trace component of Earth's current atmosphere. Nonetheless, a methane-rich atmosphere has been hypothesized for early Earth; this atmosphere would also have been rich in acetylene. This poses a paradox, because acetylene is a potent inhibitor of many key anaerobic microbial processes, including methanogenesis, anaerobic methane oxidation, nitrogen fixation, and hydrogen oxidation. Fermentation of acetylene was discovered similar to 25 years ago, and Pelobacter acetylenicus was shown to grow on acetylene by virtue of acetylene hydratase, which results in the formation of acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde subsequently dismutates to ethanol and acetate ( plus some hydrogen). However, acetylene hydratase is specific for acetylene and does not react with any analogous compounds. We hypothesize that microbes with acetylene hydratase played a key role in the evolution of Earth's early biosphere by exploiting an available source of carbon from the atmosphere and in so doing formed protective niches that allowed for other microbial processes to flourish. Furthermore, the presence of acetylene in the atmosphere of a planet or planetoid could possibly represent evidence for an extraterrestrial anaerobic ecosystem. C1 [Oremland, Ronald S.] US Geol Survey, MS 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Voytek, Mary A.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 480, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM roremlan@usgs.gov NR 104 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1089/ast.2007.0183 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 274IP UT WOS:000253995300005 PM 18199006 ER PT J AU Lee, RY Porubsky, WP Feller, IC Mckee, KL Joye, SB AF Lee, Rosalynn Y. Porubsky, William P. Feller, Ilka C. Mckee, Karen L. Joye, Samantha B. TI Porewater biogeochemistry and soil metabolism in dwarf red mangrove habitats (Twin Cays, Belize) SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE dwarf mangrove; nutrients; porewater; redox metabolites; sulfate reduction; methanogenesis ID VS. PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; SULFATE REDUCTION; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; NATURAL-WATERS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PORE-WATER; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; IRON REDUCTION AB Seasonal variability in biogeochemical signatures was used to elucidate the dominant pathways of soil microbial metabolism and elemental cycling in an oligotrophic mangrove system. Three interior dwarf mangrove habitats (Twin Cays, Belize) where surface soils were overlain by microbial mats were sampled during wet and dry periods of the year. Porewater equilibration meters and standard biogeochemical methods provided steady-state porewater profiles of pH, chloride, sulfate, sulfide, ammonium, nitrate/nitrite, phosphate, dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, reduced iron and manganese, dissolved inorganic carbon, methane and nitrous oxide. During the wet season, the salinity of overlying pond water and shallow porewaters decreased. Increased rainwater infiltration through soils combined with higher tidal heights appeared to result in increased organic carbon inventories and more reducing soil porewaters. During the dry season, evaporation increased both surface water and porewater salinities, while lower tidal heights resulted in less reduced soil porewaters. Rainfall strongly influenced inventories of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, possibly due to more rapid decay of mangrove litter during the wet season. During both times of year, high concentrations of reduced metabolites accumulated at depth, indicating substantial rates of organic matter mineralization coupled primarily to sulfate reduction. Nitrous oxide and methane concentrations were supersaturated indicating considerable rates of nitrification and/or incomplete denitrification and methanogenesis, respectively. More reducing soil conditions during the wet season promoted the production of reduced manganese. Contemporaneous activity of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis was likely fueled by the presence of noncompetitive substrates. The findings indicate that these interior dwarf areas are unique sites of nutrient and energy regeneration and may be critical to the overall persistence and productivity of mangrove-dominated islands in oligotrophic settings. C1 [Lee, Rosalynn Y.; Porubsky, William P.; Joye, Samantha B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Feller, Ilka C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Mckee, Karen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Layfayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Joye, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Room 220 Marine,Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mjoye@uga.edu RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 101 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 181 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9176-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 279MW UT WOS:000254360300006 ER PT J AU Bissonette, JA Adair, W AF Bissonette, J. A. Adair, William TI Restoring habitat permeability to roaded landscapes with isometrically-scaled wildlife crossings SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE allometry; overpasses; road ecology; road kill; underpasses; wildlife crossings ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; DISPERSAL DISTANCES; UNITED-STATES; CONSERVATION; MAMMALS; MOVEMENT; HIGHWAY; IMPACT; AREA; FRAGMENTATION AB Globally, human activities impact from one-third to one-half of the earth's land surface; a major component of development involves the construction of roads. In the US and Europe, road networks fragment normal animal movement patterns, reduce landscape permeability, and increase wildlife-vehicle collisions, often with serious wildlife population and human health consequences. Critically, the placement of wildlife crossing structures to restore landscape connectivity and reduce the number of wildlife-vehicle collisions has been a hit-or-miss proposition with little ecological underpinning, however recent important developments in allometric scaling laws can be used to guide their placement. In this paper, we used cluster analysis to develop domains of scale for mammalian species groups having similar vagility and developed metrics that reflect realistic species movement dynamics. We identified six home range area domains; three quarters of 102 species clustered in the three smallest domains. We used HR0.5 to represent a daily movement metric; when individual species movements were plotted against road mile markers, 71.2% of 72 species found in North America were included at distances of <= 1 mi. The placement of wildlife crossings based on the HR0.5 metric, along with appropriate auxiliary mitigation, will re-establish landscape permeability by facilitating wildlife movement across the roaded landscape and significantly improve road safety by reducing wildlife vehicle collisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bissonette, J. A.; Adair, William] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources,Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bissonette, JA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildland Resources,Coll Nat Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM john.bissonette@usu.edu; badair@cc.usu.edu NR 56 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 141 IS 2 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.10.019 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 282XF UT WOS:000254599900015 ER PT J AU Jordan, NR Larson, DL Huerd, SC AF Jordan, Nicholas R. Larson, Diane L. Huerd, Sheri C. TI Soil modification by invasive plants: effects on native and invasive species of mixed-grass prairies SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Agropyron; Bromus; Euphorbia; facilitation; Great Plains; invasive plants; mixed-grass prairie; soil biota ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; AMMOPHILA-ARENARIA; NATURAL VEGETATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BROMUS-INERMIS; SMOOTH BROME; RESTORATION; ECOLOGY AB Invasive plants are capable of modifying attributes of soil to facilitate further invasion by conspecifics and other invasive species. We assessed this capability in three important plant invaders of grasslands in the Great Plains region of North America: leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), smooth brome (Bromus inermis) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum). In a glasshouse, these three invasives or a group of native species were grown separately through three cycles of growth and soil conditioning in both steam-pasteurized and non-pasteurized soils, after which we assessed seedling growth in these soils. Two of the three invasive species, Bromus and Agropyron, exhibited significant self-facilitation via soil modification. Bromus and Agropyron also had significant facilitative effects on other invasives via soil modification, while Euphorbia had significant antagonistic effects on the other invasives. Both Agropyron and Euphorbia consistently suppressed growth of two of three native forbs, while three native grasses were generally less affected. Almost all intra- and interspecific effects of invasive soil conditioning were dependent upon presence of soil biota from field sites where these species were successful invaders. Overall, these results suggest that that invasive modification of soil microbiota can facilitate plant invasion directly or via 'cross-facilitation' of other invasive species, and moreover has potential to impede restoration of native communities after removal of an invasive species. However, certain native species that are relatively insensitive to altered soil biota (as we observed in the case of the forb Linum lewisii and the native grasses), may be valuable as 'nurse'species in restoration efforts. C1 [Jordan, Nicholas R.; Huerd, Sheri C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Larson, Diane L.] USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jordan, NR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jorda020@umn.edu OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 65 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 9 U2 86 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD FEB PY 2008 VL 10 IS 2 BP 177 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9121-1 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 252VE UT WOS:000252474000006 ER PT J AU Hladik, ML Smalling, KL Kuivila, KM AF Hladik, Michelle L. Smalling, Kelly L. Kuivila, Kathryn M. TI A multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticides and pesticide degradates in water using HLB solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; water; solid-phase extraction; GC-MS AB A method was developed for the analysis of over 60 pesticides and degradates in water by HLB solid-phase extraction and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. Method recoveries and detection limits were determined using two surface waters with different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In the lower DOC water, recoveries and detection limits were 80%-108% and 1-12 ng/L, respectively. In the higher DOC water, the detection limits were slightly higher (1-15 ng/L). Additionally, surface water samples from four sites were analyzed and 14 pesticides were detected with concentrations ranging from 4 to 1,200 ng/L. C1 [Hladik, Michelle L.; Smalling, Kelly L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Hladik, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM mhladik@usgs.gov OI Smalling, Kelly/0000-0002-1214-4920; Hladik, Michelle/0000-0002-0891-2712 NR 8 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 80 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s00128-007-9332-2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 270XY UT WOS:000253754700011 PM 18196191 ER PT J AU Hill, DP AF Hill, David P. TI Dynamic stresses, Coulomb failure, and remote triggering SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DENALI FAULT EARTHQUAKE; NEW-ZEALAND; HYDROTHERMAL ERUPTIONS; SEISMICITY; ALASKA; CALIFORNIA; FLUID; NUCLEATION; EXAMPLES; LANDERS AB Dynamic stresses associated with crustal surface waves with 15-30-sec periods and peak amplitudes < 1 MPa are capable of triggering seismicity at sites remote from the generating mainshock under appropriate conditions. Coulomb failure models based on a frictional strength threshold offer one explanation for instances of rapid-onset triggered seismicity that develop during the surface-wave peak dynamic stressing. Evaluation of the triggering potential of surface-wave dynamic stresses acting on critically stressed faults using a Mohr's circle representation together with the Coulomb failure criteria indicates that Love waves should have a higher triggering potential than Rayleigh waves when incident on vertical, strike-slip faults. That (1) the onset of triggered seismicity often appears to begin during the Rayleigh wave rather than the earlier-arriving Love wave, (2) vertical strike-slip faults pervade the crust in most tectonic regimes, and (3) Love-wave amplitudes typically exceed those for Rayleigh waves suggests that the explanation for rapid-onset dynamic triggering may not reside solely with a simple static-threshold friction mode. The results also indicate that thrust faults should be more susceptible to dynamic triggering by Rayleigh-wave stresses than normal faults in the shallow seismogenic crust (< 5 km), while the reverse should be true in the lower seismogenic crust (> 5 km). The latter is consistent with the observation that extensional or transtensional tectonic regimes are more susceptible to remote triggering by Rayleigh-wave dynamic stresses than compressional or transpressional regimes. Locally elevated pore pressures may have a role in the observed prevalence of dynamic triggering in extensional regimes and geothermal/volcanic systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hill, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 40 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 11 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1 BP 66 EP 92 DI 10.1785/0120070049 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 267FF UT WOS:000253494200005 ER PT J AU Catchings, RD Gandhok, G Goldman, MR Okaya, D Rymer, MJ Bawden, GW AF Catchings, R. D. Gandhok, G. Goldman, M. R. Okaya, D. Rymer, M. J. Bawden, G. W. TI Near-surface location, geometry, and velocities of the Santa Monica fault zone, Los Angeles, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SYSTEM; BASIN; TECTONICS AB High-resolution seismic-reflection and seismic-refraction imaging, combined with existing borehole, earthquake, and paleoseismic trenching data, suggest that the Santa Monica fault zone in Los Angeles consists of multiple strands from several kilometers depth to the near surface. We interpret our seismic data as showing two shallow-depth low-angle fault strands and multiple near-vertical (similar to 85 degrees) faults in the upper 100 m. One of the low-angle faults dips northward at about 28 degrees and approaches the surface at the base of a topographic scarp on the grounds of the Wadsworth VA Hospital (WVAH). The other principal low-angle fault dips northward at about 20 degrees and projects toward the surface about 200 m south of the topographic scarp, near the northernmost areas of the Los Angeles Basin that experienced strong shaking during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The 20 degrees north-dipping low-angle fault is also apparent on a previously published seismic-reflection image by Pratt et al. (1998) and appears to extend northward to at least Wilshire Boulevard, where the fault may be about 450 m below the surface. Slip rates determined at the WVAH site could be significantly underestimated if it is assumed that slip occurs only on a single strand of the Santa Monica fault or if it is assumed that the near-surface faults dip at angles greater than 20-28 degrees. At the WVAH, tomographic velocity modeling shows a significant decrease in velocity across near-surface strands of the Santa Monica fault. P-wave velocities range from about 500 m/sec at the surface to about 4500 m/sec within the upper 50 m on the north side of the fault zone at WVAH, but maximum measured velocities on the south side of the low-angle fault zone at WVAH are about 3500 m/sec. These refraction velocities compare favorably with velocities measured in nearby boreholes by Gibbs et al. (2000). This study illustrates the utility of combined seismic-reflection and seismic-refraction methods, which allow more accurate reflection imaging and compositional estimations across areas with highly variable velocities, a property that is characteristic of most fault zones. C1 [Catchings, R. D.; Gandhok, G.; Goldman, M. R.; Rymer, M. J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Okaya, D.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Bawden, G. W.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Catchings, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM catching@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1 BP 124 EP 138 DI 10.1785/0120020231 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 267FF UT WOS:000253494200008 ER PT J AU Hanks, TC Bakun, WH AF Hanks, Thomas C. Bakun, William H. TI M-log A observations for recent large earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 7.1 HECTOR MINE; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; NOVEMBER 1999 DUZCE; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE RUPTURE; CENTRAL KUNLUN; DENALI FAULT; CALIFORNIA; TURKEY; GPS AB Using a magnitude (M)-log area (A) dataset augmented with seven large (M > 7.0) earthquakes occurring since Wells and Coppersmith (1994), this short note assesses the current validity of the bilinear M-log A relations for continental, strike-slip earthquakes proposed by Hanks and Bakun (2002), in particular the L-model scaling at M > 7. The relations determined by Hanks and Bakun (2002) are only insignificantly altered, leaving these bilinear M-log A relations as valid now as when first proposed. C1 [Hanks, Thomas C.; Bakun, William H.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hanks, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 40 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1 BP 490 EP 494 DI 10.1785/0120070174 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 267FF UT WOS:000253494200034 ER PT J AU Rabinowitz, P Wiley, J Odofin, L Wilcox, M Dein, FJ AF Rabinowitz, Peter Wiley, James Odofin, Lynda Wilcox, Matthew Dein, F. Joshua TI Animals as sentinels of chemical terrorism agents: An evidence-based review SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Congress-of-Clinical-Toxicology CY SEP 09-14, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP N Amer Congress Clin Toxicol DE animal sentinels; chemical warfare agents; evidence-based medicine; comparative medicine; nerve agents; terrorism ID WARFARE AGENTS; SULFUR MUSTARD; HEALTH-RISK; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; CHOLINESTERASE; INTOXICATION; INHIBITION; CYANIDE; SHEEP AB The goal of this systematic review was to identify evidence that animals could serve as sentinels of an attack with a chemical terrorism agent. Methods. The biomedical literature was systematically searched for evidence that wild or domestic animals exposed to certain chemical weapons of terrorism had either greater susceptibility, shorter latency period, or increased exposure risk versus humans. Additionally, we searched for documented reports of such animals historically serving as sentinels for chemical warfare agents. Results. For a small number of agents, there was limited evidence that domestic and/or wild animals could provide sentinel information to humans following an airborne attack with chemical agents, usually related to increased potential for environmental exposure. Some of this evidence was based on anecdotal case reports, and in many cases high quality chemical terrorism agent evidence regarding comparative susceptibility, exposure, and latency between humans and sentinel animal species was not found. Conclusion. Currently, there is insufficient evidence for routine use of animals as sentinels for airborne chemical warfare agents. At the same time, Poison Center surveillance systems should include animal calls, and greater communication between veterinarians and physicians could help with preparedness for a chemical terrorism attack. Further analysis of comparative chemical warfare agent toxicity between sentinel animal species and humans is needed. C1 [Rabinowitz, Peter; Wiley, James; Odofin, Lynda; Wilcox, Matthew] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Wiley, James] Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Farmington, CT USA. [Dein, F. Joshua] USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Rabinowitz, P (reprint author), Coll St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM peter.rabinowitz@yale.edu FU NLM NIH HHS [G08 LM07881-01] NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1080/15563650701664905 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 274TA UT WOS:000254022800001 PM 18259955 ER PT J AU Eggert, LM Jodice, PGR AF Eggert, Lisa M. Jodice, Patrick G. R. TI Growth of Brown Pelican nestlings exposed to sublethal levels of soft tick infestation SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brown Pelican; Carios capensis; ectoparasite; growth rate; Pelecanus occidentalis; seabird; soft ticks ID ROSEATE TERN CHICKS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; ECTOPARASITES; PARASITISM; SEABIRDS; HOST; ARGASIDAE; COLONIES; IMMUNITY AB Ectoparasites are a common component of seabird colonies and are generally considered to have a negative impact on their hosts. Nest parasites such as the soft tick Carios capensis may pose a distinct threat to altricial nestlings confined to the nest and unable to escape infestation. To assess the potential effects of ticks on growth, we measured linear growth rates of Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) nestlings during early development in relation to C. capensis infestation at insecticide treated and untreated nests at two colonies in South Carolina during the 2004 and 2005 breeding seasons. Tick infestation levels differed between colonies but not between years. We found a positive relationship between tick infestation and both growth rates and hatching success at the more infested colony. We did not find a consistent relationship between insecticide treatment and growth rates, although chicks from nests treated with insecticide had fewer ticks compared to chicks from untreated nests. Our study suggests that the cohabitation of ectoparasites and seabirds within colonies may result in behavioral or physiological adaptations of adults or nestlings that inhibit the expected negative effect of ectoparasites on nestling growth at sublethal levels of infestation. C1 [Eggert, Lisa M.; Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jodice, Patrick G. R.] Clemson Univ, S Carolina Cooperat Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Eggert, LM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, G-27 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM lfergus@clemson.edu NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.110.1.134 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 295WN UT WOS:000255504900015 ER PT J AU Warner, JC Butman, B Dalyander, PS AF Warner, John C. Butman, Bradford Dalyander, P. Soupy TI Storm-driven sediment transport in Massachusetts Bay SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; three-dimensional numerical model; storms; Northeasters; multiple grain sizes; USA; Gulf of Maine; Massachusetts Bay ID COASTAL CIRCULATION MODEL; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEWAGE OUTFALL; STEADY-STATE; NORTH-SEA; GULF; MAINE; BOTTOM; WAVE; CALIFORNIA AB Massachusetts Bay is a semi-enclosed embayment in the western Gulf of Maine about 50 km wide and 100 km long. Bottom sediment resuspension is controlled predominately by storm-induced surface waves and transport by the tidal- and wind-driven circulation. Because the Bay is open to the northeast, winds from the northeast ('Northeasters') generate the largest surface waves and are thus the most effective in resuspending sediments. The three-dimensional oceanographic circulation model Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is used to explore the resuspension, transport, and deposition of sediment caused by Northeasters. The model transports multiple sediment classes and tracks the evolution of a multilevel sediment bed. The surficial sediment characteristics of the bed are coupled to one of several bottom-boundary layer modules that calculate enhanced bottom roughness due to wave-current interaction. The wave field is calculated from the model Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN). Two idealized simulations were carried out to explore the effects of Northeasters on the transport and fate of sediments. In one simulation, an initially spatially uniform bed of mixed sediments exposed to a series of Northeasters evolved to a pattern similar to the existing surficial sediment distribution. A second set of simulations explored sediment-transport pathways caused by storms with winds from the northeast quadrant by simulating release of sediment at selected locations. Storms with winds from the north cause transport southward along the western shore of Massachusetts Bay, while storms with winds from the east and southeast drive northerly nearshore flow. The simulations show that Northeasters can effectively transport sediments from Boston Harbor and the area offshore of the harbor to the southeast into Cape Cod Bay and offshore into Stellwagen Basin. This transport pattern is consistent with Boston Harbor as the source of silver found in the surficial sediments of Cape Cod Bay and Stellwagen Basin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Warner, John C.; Butman, Bradford] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dalyander, P. Soupy] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Warner, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jcwarner@usgs.gov RI Dalyander, Soupy/E-9830-2013; OI Dalyander, P. Soupy/0000-0001-9583-0872 NR 57 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 257 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.08.008 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 264IV UT WOS:000253281900005 ER PT J AU Abrahamson, N Atkinson, G Boore, D Bozorgnia, Y Campbell, K Chiou, B Idriss, IM Silva, W Youngs, R AF Abrahamson, Norman Atkinson, Gail Boore, David Bozorgnia, Yousef Campbell, Kenneth Chiou, Brian Idriss, I. M. Silva, Walter Youngs, Robert TI Comparisons of the NGA ground-motion relations SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article AB The data sets, model parameterizations, and results from the five NGA models for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions are compared. A key difference in the data sets is the inclusion or exclusion of aftershocks. A comparison of the median spectral values for strike-slip earthquakes shows that they are within a factor of 1.5 for magnitudes between 6.0 and 7.0 for distances less than 100 km. The differences increase to a factor of 2 for M5 and M8 earthquakes, for buried ruptures, and for distances greater than 100 km. For soil sites, the differences in the modeling of soil/sediment depth effects increase the range in the median long-period spectral values for M7 strike-slip earthquakes to a factor of 3. The five models have similar standard deviations for M6.5-M7.5 earthquakes for rock sites and for soil sites at distances greater than 50 km. Differences in the standard deviations of up to 0.2 natural log units for moderate magnitudes at all distances and for large magnitudes at short distances result from the treatment of the magnitude dependence and the effects of nonlinear site response on the standard deviation. C1 [Abrahamson, Norman] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Atkinson, Gail] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Boore, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bozorgnia, Yousef] Univ Calif Berkeley, Pacific Earthquake Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Campbell, Kenneth] ABS Consulting EQECAT, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. [Chiou, Brian] Calif Dept Transportat, Div Res & Innovat, Sacramento, CA USA. [Idriss, I. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Silva, Walter] Pacific Engn & Anal, El Cerrito, CA 94546 USA. [Youngs, Robert] Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Abrahamson, N (reprint author), Pacific Gas & Elect Co, 245 Market St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. NR 11 TC 153 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 12 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 45 EP 66 DI 10.1193/1.2924363 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 316FU UT WOS:000256935500004 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Atkinson, GM AF Boore, David M. Atkinson, Gail M. TI Ground-motion prediction equations for the average horizontal component of PGA, PGV, and 5%-damped PSA at spectral periods between 0.01 s and 10.0 s SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BASIN-DEPTH; ML SCALE; ATTENUATION; EARTHQUAKES; ACCOUNTS; VELOCITY; MODEL AB This paper contains ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for average horizontal-component ground motions as a function of earthquake magnitude, distance from source to site, local average shear-wave velocity, and fault type. Our equations are for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and 5%-damped pseudo-absolute-acceleration spectra (PSA) at periods between 0.01 s and 10 s. They were derived by empirical regression of an extensive strong-motion database compiled by the "PEER NGA" (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Next Generation Attenuation) project. For periods less than 1 s, the analysis used 1,574 records from 58 mainshocks in the distance range from 0 km to 400 km (the number of available data decreased as period increased). The primary predictor variables are moment magnitude (M), closest horizontal distance to the surface projection of the fault plane (R-JB), and the time-averaged shear-wave velocity from the surface to 30 m (V-S30). The equations are applicable for M=5-8, R-JB < 200 km, and V-S30=180-1300 m/s. C1 [Boore, David M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Atkinson, Gail M.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 37 TC 603 Z9 630 U1 3 U2 67 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 99 EP 138 DI 10.1193/1.2830434 PG 40 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 316FU UT WOS:000256935500006 ER PT J AU Spudich, P Chiou, BSJ AF Spudich, Paul Chiou, Brian S. J. TI Directivity in NGA earthquake ground motions: Analysis using isochrone theory SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB We present correction factors that may be applied to the ground motion prediction relations of Abrahamson and Silva, Boore and Atkinson, Campbell and Bozorgnia, and Chiou and Youngs (all in this volume) to model the azimuthally varying distribution of the GMRotI50 component of ground motion (commonly called "directivity") around earthquakes. Our correction factors may be used for planar or nonplanar faults having any dip or slip rake (faulting mechanism). Our correction factors predict directivity-induced variations of spectral acceleration that are roughly half of the strike-slip variations predicted by Somerville (1997), and use of our factors reduces record-to-record sigma by about 2-20% at 5 sec or greater period. C1 [Spudich, Paul] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chiou, Brian S. J.] Calif Dept Transportat, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Spudich, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 22 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 8 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 279 EP 298 DI 10.1193/1.2928225 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 316FU UT WOS:000256935500012 ER PT J AU Huang, YN Whittaker, AS Luco, N AF Huang, Yin-Nan Whittaker, Andrew S. Luco, Nicolas TI Maximum spectral demands in the near-fault region SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID GROUND MOTION AB The Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) relationships for shallow crustal earthquakes in the western United States predict a rotated geometric mean of horizontal spectral demand, termed GMRotI50, and not maximum spectral demand. Differences between strike-normal, strike-parallel, geometric-mean, and maximum spectral demands in the near-fault region are investigated using 147 pairs of records selected from the NGA strong motion database. The selected records are for earthquakes with moment magnitude greater than 6.5 and for closest site-to-fault distance less than 15 km. Ratios of maximum spectral demand to NGA-predicted GMRotI50 for each pair of ground motions are presented. The ratio shows a clear dependence on period and the Somerville directivity parameters. Maximum demands can substantially exceed NGA-predicted GMRotI50 demands in the near-fault region, which has significant implications for seismic design, seismic performance assessment, and the next-generation seismic design maps. Strike-normal spectral demands are a significantly unconservative surrogate for maximum spectral demands for closest distance greater than 3 to 5 km. Scale factors that transform NGA-predicted GMRotI50 to a maximum spectral demand in the near-fault region are proposed. C1 [Huang, Yin-Nan; Whittaker, Andrew S.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Luco, Nicolas] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Huang, YN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, 212 Ketter Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Huang, Yin-Nan/H-9914-2012 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 319 EP 341 DI 10.1193/1.2830435 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 316FU UT WOS:000256935500014 ER PT J AU Evers, DC Savoy, LJ DeSorbo, CR Yates, DE Hanson, W Taylor, KM Siegel, LS Cooley, JH Bank, MS Major, A Munney, K Mower, BF Vogel, HS Schoch, N Pokras, M Goodale, MW Fair, J AF Evers, David C. Savoy, Lucas J. DeSorbo, Christopher R. Yates, David E. Hanson, William Taylor, Kate M. Siegel, Lori S. Cooley, John H., Jr. Bank, Michael S. Major, Andrew Munney, Kenneth Mower, Barry F. Vogel, Harry S. Schoch, Nina Pokras, Mark Goodale, Morgan W. Fair, Jeff TI Adverse effects from environmental mercury loads on breeding common loons SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse DE mercury; common loon; population sink; adverse effects; behavior ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GAVIA-IMMER; NORTH-AMERICA; DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SAMPLING METHODS; ATLANTIC CANADA; GREAT EGRETS; WILD BIRDS; BODY-SIZE AB Anthropogenic inputs of mercury (Hg) into the environment have significantly increased in the past century. Concurrently, the availability of methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic systems has increased to levels posing risks to ecological and human health. We use the common loon (Gavia immer) as an upper trophic level bioindicator of aquatic Hg toxicity in freshwater lakes. Multiple endpoints were selected to measure potential negative impacts from MeHg body burdens on behavior, physiology, survival and reproductive success. A robust spatio-temporal dataset was used that included nearly 5,500 loon Hg measurements over an 18-year period. We measured significant changes related to elevated MeHg body burdens, including aberrant incubation behavior, lethargy, and wing area asymmetry. Mercury body burdens in adult loons increased an average of 8.4% per year. Increasing Hg body burdens reduced the number of fledged chicks per territorial pair, with highest risk loons producing 41% fewer fledged young than our reference group. Our multiple endpoints establish adverse effect thresholds for adult loons at 3.0 ug/g (wet weight) in blood and 40.0 ug/g (fresh weight) in feathers. Mercury contamination in parts of Maine and New Hampshire is a driving stressor for creating breeding population sinks. Standardized monitoring programs are needed to determine if population sinks occur elsewhere and to track aquatic ecosystem responses to changes in Hg emissions and deposition. C1 [Evers, David C.; Savoy, Lucas J.; DeSorbo, Christopher R.; Yates, David E.; Taylor, Kate M.; Siegel, Lori S.; Goodale, Morgan W.] BioDivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Hanson, William] FPL Energy Maine Hydro, Waterville, ME USA. [Taylor, Kate M.; Cooley, John H., Jr.; Vogel, Harry S.] Loon Preservat Comm, Moultonborough, NH USA. [Siegel, Lori S.] LLC, Hanover, NH USA. [Bank, Michael S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Major, Andrew; Munney, Kenneth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH USA. [Mower, Barry F.] Maine Dept Environm Protect, Augusta, GA USA. [Schoch, Nina] Wildlife Conservat Soc Adirondack Prog, New York, NY USA. [Pokras, Mark] Tufts Univ, North Grafton, MA USA. [Fair, Jeff] Fairwinds Wildlife Serv, Palmer, AK USA. RP Evers, DC (reprint author), BioDivers Res Inst, 19 Flaggy Meadow Rd, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM david.evers@briloon.org RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 84 TC 168 Z9 170 U1 6 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10646-007-0168-7 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 252XX UT WOS:000252482300002 PM 17909967 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Takekawa, JY Eagles-Smith, CA Iverso, SA AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Takekawa, John Y. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Iverso, Samuel A. TI Mercury contamination and effects on survival of American avocet and black-necked stilt chicks in San Francisco Bay SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse DE Himantopus; mercury; Recurvirostra; survival; telemetry ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CAPTIVE GREAT EGRETS; METHYL MERCURY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; INCUBATION STAGE; METHYLMERCURY; MALLARD; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE; EGGS AB We evaluated whether mercury influenced survival of free-ranging American avocet (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) chicks in San Francisco Bay, California. Using radio telemetry, we radio-marked 158 avocet and 79 stilt chicks at hatching and tracked them daily until their fate was determined. We did not find strong support for an influence of in ovo mercury exposure on chick survival, despite observing a wide range of mercury concentrations in chick down feathers at hatching (0.40-44.31 mu g g(-1) fw). We estimated that chick survival rates were reduced by < 3% over the range of observed mercury concentrations during the 28-day period from hatching to fledging. We also salvaged newly-hatched chicks that were found dead during routine nest monitoring. In contrast to the telemetry results, we found that mercury concentrations in down feathers of dead chicks were higher than those in randomly-sampled live chicks of similar age. However, capture site was the most important variable influencing mercury concentrations, followed by year, species, and hatching date. Although laboratory studies have demonstrated negative effects of environmentally relevant mercury concentrations on chick survival, our results concur with the small number of previous field studies that have not been able to detect reduced survival in the wild. C1 [Ackerman, Joshua T.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, David Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.; Iverso, Samuel A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, David Field Stn, US Geol Survey, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov OI Eagles-Smith, Collin/0000-0003-1329-5285 NR 63 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s10646-007-0164-y PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 252XX UT WOS:000252482300005 PM 17701344 ER PT J AU Hill, EF Henny, CJ Grove, RA AF Hill, Elwood F. Henny, Charles J. Grove, Robert A. TI Mercury and drought along the lower Carson River, Nevada: II. Snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron reproduction on Lahontan Reservoir, 1997-2006 SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse DE mercury; snowy egret; reproduction; black-crowned night-heron; mining; drought ID WILD BIRDS; EGGS; METHYLMERCURY; SELENIUM; GROWTH; DDE AB Mercury concentrations in the floodplain of the Carson River Basin in northwestern Nevada are some of the highest ever reported in a natural system. Thus, a portion of the basin including Lahontan Reservoir was placed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Natural Priorities List for research and cleanup. Preliminary studies indicated that reproduction in piscivorous birds may be at risk. Therefore, a 10-year study (1997-2006) was conducted to evaluate reproduction of snowy egrets (Egretta thula) and black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) nesting on Gull Island in Lahontan Reservoir. Special attention was given to the annual flow of the Carson River, the resultant fluctuation of this irrigation reservoir, and the annual exposure of snowy egrets and night-herons to methylmercury (MeHg). The dynamic character of the river due to flooding and drought (drought effect) influenced snowy egret and night-heron reproduction more so than did MeHg contamination of eggs. During an extended drought (2000-2004) in the middle of the study, snowy egret nests containing eggs with concentrations of MeHg (measured as total mercury [THg] similar to 100% MeHg) >= 0.80 mu g THg/g, ww, all failed, but in 1997 and 2006 (wet years with general flooding), substantial numbers of young were produced (but fewer than at nests where eggs contained < 0.80 mu g/g). Thus, a variable reproductive threshold of tolerance to MeHg may be associated with habitat quality (food type and abundance). Clearly, drought was the most important factor affecting snowy egret annual productivity. In contrast to snowy egrets, night-herons generally had fewer nests meeting the 0.80 mu g THg/g criterion, and those above the criterion were less sensitive to mercury than were snowy egrets. Furthermore, night-herons appeared more tolerant of drought conditions than snowy egrets because they nested earlier, selected more protected nesting sites, and had a more generalist diet that provided additional food options including terrestrial organisms, which also reduced exposure to MeHg. A putative biological effect threshold of 2.0 mu g THg/g in whole blood for young of both species was evaluated, which was frequently exceeded, but with no evidence, while still in the colony, of an association with direct mortality. An evaluation of physiological associations with blood residues and post-fledging survival will be presented in future reports in this series. C1 [Henny, Charles J.; Grove, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM charles_j_henny@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s10646-007-0180-y PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 252XX UT WOS:000252482300006 PM 17994274 ER PT J AU Welsh, PG Lipton, J Mebane, CA Marr, JCA AF Welsh, Paul G. Lipton, Joshua Mebane, Christopher A. Marr, John C. A. TI Influence of flow-through and renewal exposures on the toxicity of copper to rainbow trout SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE organic carbon; copper; rainbow trout; renewal; flow-through; bioassay; TOC; DOC; biotic ligand model ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; FATHEAD MINNOWS; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; WATER; PH; COMPLEXATION; HARDNESS; ALKALINITY AB We examined changes in water chemistry and copper (Cu) toxicity in three paired renewal and flow-through acute bioassays with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Test exposure methodology influenced both exposure water chemistry and measured Cu toxicity. Ammonia and organic carbon concentrations were higher and the fraction of dissolved Cu lower in renewal tests than in paired flow-through tests. Cu toxicity was also lower in renewal tests; 96 h dissolved Cu LC50 values were 7-60% higher than LC50S from matching flow-through tests. LC50 values in both types of tests were related to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in exposure tanks. Increases in organic carbon concentrations in renewal tests were associated with reduced Cu toxicity, likely as a result of the lower bioavailability of Cu-organic carbon complexes. The biotic ligand model of acute Cu toxicity tended to underpredict toxicity in the presence of DOC. Model fits between predicted and observed toxicity were improved by assuming that only 50% of the measured DOC was reactive, and that this reactive fraction was present as fulvic acid. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Welsh, Paul G.; Lipton, Joshua; Marr, John C. A.] Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Mebane, Christopher A.] US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Welsh, PG (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, PO Box 4059, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. EM paul.g.welsh@ontario.ca RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 NR 36 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 69 IS 2 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.04.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 251PF UT WOS:000252385000005 PM 17517436 ER PT J AU John, DA AF John, David A. TI Supervolcanoes and metallic ore deposits SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article AB Do supervolcanoes form metallic ore deposits? If so, what types of deposits do they form and how large are they? C1 US Geol Survey, Minera Resources Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP John, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Minera Resources Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM djohn@usgs.gov OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD FEB PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 22 EP 22 DI 10.2113/GSELEMENTS.4.1.22 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 268ZA UT WOS:000253618000008 ER PT J AU Lowenstern, JB Hurwitz, S AF Lowenstern, Jacob B. Hurwitz, Shaul TI Monitoring a supervolcano in repose: Heat and volatile flux at the yellowstone caldera SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; VOLCANIC FIELD; GEOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAGMA; BENEATH; BASALTS; GAS AB Although giant calderas ("supervolcanoes") may slumber for tens of thousands of years between eruptions, their abundant earthquakes and crustal deformation reveal the potential for future upheaval. Any eventual supereruption could devastate global human populations, so these systems must be carefully scrutinized. Insight into dormant but restless calderas can be gained by monitoring their output of heat and gas. At Yellowstone, the large thermal and CO2 fluxes require massive input of basaltic magma, which continues to invade the lower to mid-crust, sustains the overlying high-silica magma reservoir, and may result in volcanic hazard for millennia to come. The high flux Of CO2 may contribute to the measured deformation of the caldera floor and can also modify the pressure, thermal, and chemical signals emitted from the magma. In order to recognize precursors to eruption, we must scrutinize the varied signals emerging from restless calderas with the goal of discriminating magmatic, hydrothermal, and hybrid phenomena. C1 [Lowenstern, Jacob B.; Hurwitz, Shaul] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Lowenstern, Jacob B.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lowenstern, Jacob B.] Yellowstone Volcano Observ, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY USA. RP Lowenstern, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 NR 30 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 51 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 EI 1811-5217 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD FEB PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.2113/GSELEMENTS.4.1.35 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 268ZA UT WOS:000253618000011 ER PT J AU Leis, SA Leslie, DM Engle, DM Fehmi, JS AF Leis, Sherry A. Leslie, David M., Jr. Engle, David M. Fehmi, Jeffrey S. TI Small mammals as indicators of short-term and long-term disturbance in mixed prairie SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE bioindicators; community dynamics; litter; military disturbance; Oklahoma; Peromyscus maniculatus; small mammal; soil organic carbon; temporal dynamics ID DETRENDED CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; REITHRODONTOMYS-MEGALOTIS; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; MILITARY MANEUVERS; HABITAT SELECTION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; VEGETATION; COMMUNITY AB Disturbance by military maneuvers over short and long time scales may have differential effects on grassland communities. We assessed small mammals as indicators of disturbance by military maneuvers in a mixed prairie in southern Oklahoma USA. We examined sites on two soil series, Foard and Lawton, across a gradient of disturbance intensity. A MANOVA showed that abundance of small mammals was associated (p=0.03) with short-term (cover of vehicle tracks) disturbance but was not associated (p=0.12) with long-term (loss of soil organic carbon, SOC) disturbance intensity. At the individual species level, Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rat) and Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) occurred across all levels of disturbance and in both soil types. Only P. maniculatus abundance changed (p < 0.01) with short-term disturbance and increased by about one individual per 5% of additional track-cover. Abundance of P. maniculatus also increased (p=0.04) by about three individuals per 1% increase in soil carbon. Chaetodipus hispidus (hispid pocket mouse) and Reithrodontomys fulvescens (fulvous harvest mouse) only occurred in single soil types limiting their potential as more general indicators. Abundance of P. maniculatus was positively related to shifts in plant species composition and likely reflected changes in vegetation structure (i.e. litter depth) and forage availability resulting from disturbance. Peromyscus maniculatus may be a useful biological indicator of ecosystem change because it responded predictably to both long-term and short-term disturbance and, when coupled with soil, plant, and disturbance history variables, can reveal land condition trends. C1 [Leis, Sherry A.; Engle, David M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, United State Geol Surg, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Leslie, David M., Jr.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fehmi, Jeffrey S.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources BSE 325, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Leis, SA (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, Clinton, MO 64735 USA. EM sherry.leis@mdc.mo.gov OI Fehmi, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0618-9740 NR 63 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9730-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250JI UT WOS:000252295500007 PM 17458511 ER PT J AU May, TW Fairchild, JF Petty, JD Walther, MJ Lucero, J Delvaux, M Manring, J Armbruster, M AF May, Thomas W. Fairchild, James F. Petty, Jim D. Walther, Michael J. Lucero, Jeff Delvaux, Mike Manring, Jill Armbruster, Mike TI An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Solomon River Basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; fish; invertebrates; irrigation; sediment; selenium; solomon river; toxic effects threshold; water ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TOXICITY THRESHOLDS; QUALITY CRITERIA; FOOD-CHAIN; BIOACCUMULATION; REPRODUCTION; BLUEGILLS AB The Solomon River Basin is located in north-central Kansas in an area underlain by marine geologic shales. Selenium is an indigenous constituent of these shales and is readily leached into the surrounding groundwater. Portions of the Basin are irrigated primarily through the pumping of selenium-contaminated groundwater from wells onto fields in agricultural production. Water, sediment, macroinvertebrates, and fish were collected from various sites in the Basin in 1998 and analyzed for selenium. Selenium concentrations were analyzed spatially and temporally and compared to reported selenium toxic effect thresholds for specific ecosystem components: water, sediments, food-chain organisms, and wholebody fish. A selenium aquatic hazard assessment for the Basin was determined based on protocol established by Lemly. Throughout the Basin, water, macroinvertebrate, and whole fish samples exceeded levels suspected of causing reproductive impairment in fish. Population structures of several fish species implied that successful reproduction was occurring; however, the influence of immigration of fish from low-selenium habitats could not be discounted. Site-specific fish reproduction studies are needed to determine the true impact of selenium on fishery resources in the Basin. C1 [May, Thomas W.; Fairchild, James F.; Petty, Jim D.; Walther, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65202 USA. [Lucero, Jeff] US Bur Reclamat, Billings, MT 59107 USA. [Delvaux, Mike; Manring, Jill] US Bur Reclamat, Nebraska Kansas Area Off, Grand Isl, NE USA. [Armbruster, Mike] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP May, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65202 USA. EM tmay@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 213 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-9742-y PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250JI UT WOS:000252295500019 PM 17587192 ER PT J AU Ayotte, JD Argue, DM Mcgarry, FJ Degnan, JR Hayes, L Flanagan, SM Helsel, DR AF Ayotte, Joseph D. Argue, Denise M. Mcgarry, Frederick J. Degnan, James R. Hayes, Laura Flanagan, Sarah M. Helsel, Dennis R. TI Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in public and private wells in new hampshire: Occurrence, factors, and possible implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; UNITED-STATES AB Methyl tent-butyl ether (MTBE) concentrations >= 0.2 mu g/L were found in samples of untreated water in 18% of public-supply wells (n = 284) and 9.1% of private domestic wells (n = 264) sampled in 2005 and 2006 in New Hampshire. In counties that used reformulated gasoline (RFG), MTBE occurred at or above 0.2 mu g/L in 30% of public- and 17% of private-supply wells. Additionally, 52% of public-supply wells collocated with fuel storage and 71% of mobile home park wells had MTBE. MTBE occurrence in public-supply wells was predicted by factors such as proximity to sources of fuel, land use, and population density, as well as low pH and distance from mapped lineaments. RFG use, land-use variables, and pH were important predictors of private-well MTBE occurrence. Variables representing sources of MTBE, such as the distance to known fuel sources, were not significant predictors of MTBE occurrence in private-supply wells. It is hypothesized that private wells may become contaminated from the collective effects of sources in high population areas and from undocumented incidental releases from onsite or proximal gasoline use. From 2003 to 2005, MTBE occurrence decreased in 63 public-supply wells and increased in 60 private-supply wells, but neither trend was statistically significant. C1 [Ayotte, Joseph D.; Argue, Denise M.; Degnan, James R.; Hayes, Laura; Flanagan, Sarah M.] US Geol Survey, NH VT Water Sci Ctr, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. [Mcgarry, Frederick J.] State New Hampshire, Dept Environm Serv, Waste Management Div, Concord, NH 03302 USA. [Helsel, Dennis R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ayotte, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, NH VT Water Sci Ctr, 361 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. EM jayotte@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 677 EP 684 DI 10.1021/es071519z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CU UT WOS:000252777600011 PM 18323087 ER PT J AU Alexander, RB Smith, RA Schwarz, GE Boyer, EW Nolan, JV Brakebill, JW AF Alexander, Richard B. Smith, Richard A. Schwarz, Gregory E. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Nolan, Jacqueline V. Brakebill, John W. TI Differences in phosphorus and nitrogen delivery to the gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi river basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE FLUX; NORTHEASTERN USA; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; DENITRIFICATION; NUTRIENT; STREAM; ECOSYSTEMS; EUTROPHICATION; TERRESTRIAL AB \ Seasonal hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico has been linked to increased nitrogen fluxes from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basins, though recent evidence shows that phosphorus also influences productivity in the Gulf. We developed a spatially explicit and structurally detailed SPARROW water-quality model that reveals important differences in the sources and transport processes that control nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) delivery to the Gulf. Our model simulations indicate that agricultural sources in the watersheds contribute more than 70% of the delivered N and P. However, corn and soybean cultivation is the largest contributor of N (52%), followed by atmospheric deposition sources (16%); whereas P originates primarily from animal manure on pasture and rangelands (37%), followed by corn and soybeans (25%), other crops (18%), and urban sources (12%). The traction of in-stream P and N load delivered to the Gulf increases with stream size, but reservoir trapping of P causes large local- and regional-scale differences in delivery. Our results indicate the diversity of management approaches required to achieve efficient control of nutrient loads to the Gulf. These include recognition of important differences in the agricultural sources of N and P, the role of atmospheric N, attention to P sources downstream from reservoirs, and better control of both N and P in close proximity to large rivers. C1 [Alexander, Richard B.; Smith, Richard A.; Schwarz, Gregory E.; Nolan, Jacqueline V.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA USA. [Boyer, Elizabeth W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brakebill, John W.] Maryland Delaware State Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Brakebill, John W.] US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Alexander, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Assessment, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA USA. EM ralex@usgs.gov RI Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 NR 48 TC 329 Z9 339 U1 35 U2 216 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 822 EP 830 DI 10.1021/es0716103 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CU UT WOS:000252777600032 PM 18323108 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Barber, LB Kolpin, DW Mcmahon, PB Chapelle, FH AF Bradley, Paul M. Barber, Larry B. Kolpin, Dana W. Mcmahon, Peter B. Chapelle, Francis H. TI Potential for 4-n-nonylphenol biodegradation in stream sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; endocrine disruption; nonylphenol; oxic; streams ID SURFACE-WATER SEDIMENTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTE-WATER; ALKYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; NONYLPHENOL ISOMERS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; P-NONYLPHENOL; DEGRADATION; RIVER AB The potential for in situ biodegradation of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was investigated in three hydrologically distinct streams impacted by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the United States. Microcosms were prepared with sediments from each site and amended with [U-ring-C-14]4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) as a model test substrate. Microcosms prepared with sediment collected upstream of the WWTP outfalls and incubated under oxic conditions showed rapid and complete mineralization of [U-ring-C-14]4-n-NP to (CO2)-C-14 in all three systems. In contrast, no mineralization of [U-ring-C-14]4-n-NP was observed in these sediments under anoxic (methanogenic) conditions. The initial linear rate of [U-ring-C-14]4-n-NP mineralization in sediments from upstream and downstream of the respective WWTP outtalls was inversely correlated with the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the streambed sediments. These results suggest that the net supply of dissolved oxygen to streambed sediments is a key determinant of the rate and extent of 4-NP biodegradation in stream systems. In the stream systems considered by the present study, dissolved oxygen concentrations in the overlying water column (8-10 mg/L) and in the bed sediment pore water (1-3 mg/L at a depth of 10 cm below the sediment-water interface) were consistent with active in situ 4-NP biodegradation. These results suggest WWTP procedures that maximize the delivery of dissolved oxygen while minimizing the release of BOD to stream receptors favor efficient biodegradation of 4-NP contaminants in wastewater-impacted stream environments. C1 [Bradley, Paul M.; Chapelle, Francis H.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Barber, Larry B.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kolpin, Dana W.] US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 5244 USA. [Mcmahon, Peter B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 260 EP 265 DI 10.1897/07-333R.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 253DX UT WOS:000252500000003 PM 18348644 ER PT J AU Sprague, LA Nowell, LH AF Sprague, Lori A. Nowell, Lisa H. TI Comparison of pesticide concentrations in streams at low flow in six metropolitan areas of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; water quality; urbanization; pesticide toxicity index ID USA AB To examine the effect of urban development on pesticide concentrations in streams under low-flow conditions, water samples were collected at stream sites along an urban land use gradient in six environmentally heterogeneous metropolitan areas of the United States. In all six metropolitan areas, total insecticide concentrations generally increased significantly as urban land cover in the basin increased, regardless of whether the background land cover in the basins was agricultural, forested, or shrub land. In contrast, the response of total herbicide concentrations to urbanization varied with the environmental setting. In the three metropolitan areas with predominantly forested background land cover (Raleigh-Durham, NC, USA; Atlanta, GA, USA; Portland, OR, USA), total herbicide concentrations increased significantly with increasing urban land cover. In contrast, total herbicide concentrations were not significantly related to urban land cover in the three remaining metropolitan areas, where total herbicide concentrations appeared to be strongly influenced by agricultural as well as urban sources (Milwaukee-Green Bay, WI, USA; Dallas-Fort Worth, TX, USA), or by factors not measured in the present study, such as water management (Denver, CO, USA). Pesticide concentrations rarely exceeded benchmarks for protection of aquatic life, although these low-flow concentrations are likely to be lower than at other times, such as during peak pesticide-use periods, storm events, or irrigation discharge. Normalization of pesticide concentrations by the pesticide toxicity index-an index of relative potential toxicity-for fish and cladocerans indicated that the pesticides detected at the highest concentrations (herbicides in five of the six metropolitan areas) were not necessarily the pesticides with the greatest potential to adversely affect aquatic life (typically insecticides such as carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and fipronil). C1 [Sprague, Lori A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Nowell, Lisa H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Sprague, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM lsprague@usgs.gov OI Sprague, Lori/0000-0003-2832-6662 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1897/07-276R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 253DX UT WOS:000252500000007 PM 18348635 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Forsman, ED Mullins, TD Haig, SM AF Funk, W. Chris Forsman, Eric D. Mullins, Thomas D. Haig, Susan M. TI Introgression and dispersal among spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) subspecies SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; introgression; long-distance dispersal; microsatellites; spotted owl; Strix occidentalis; subspecies; US Endangered Species Act ID OTUS-ELEGANS-BOTELENSIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; BARRED OWLS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CONSERVATION GENETICS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; NORTHERN; DIFFERENTIATION AB Population genetics plays an increasingly important role in the conservation and management of declining species, particularly for defining taxonomic units. Subspecies are recognized by several conservation organizations and countries and receive legal protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). Two subspecies of spotted owls, northern (Strix occidentalis caurina) and Mexican (S. o. lucida) spotted owls, are ESA-listed as threatened, but the California (S. o. occidentalis) spotted owl is not listed. Thus, determining the boundaries of these subspecies is critical for effective enforcement of the ESA. We tested the validity of previously recognized spotted owl subspecies by analysing 394 spotted owls at 10 microsatellite loci. We also tested whether northern and California spotted owls hybridize as suggested by previous mitochondrial DNA studies. Our results supported current recognition of three subspecies. We also found bi-directional hybridization and dispersal between northern and California spotted owls centered in southern Oregon and northern California. Surprisingly, we also detected introgression of Mexican spotted owls into the range of northern spotted owls, primarily in the northern part of the subspecies' range in Washington, indicating long-distance dispersal of Mexican spotted owls. We conclude with a discussion of the conservation implications of our study. C1 [Funk, W. Chris; Mullins, Thomas D.; Haig, Susan M.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM wcfunk@wm.edu FU USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We are indebted to many people who helped with sample collection and logistics, particularly P. Loschl, R. Anthony, S. Ackers, R. Claremont, D. Herter, S. Hopkins, J. Reid, and S. Sovern. We also thank R. Anthony, L. Bernatchez, J. Matthews, M. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. Samples were collected under US Fish and Wildlife Service threatened species permit number TE026280-11 and Oregon State University Animal Care and Use permit number 3091. NR 89 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2007.00002.x PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EO UT WOS:000262783400014 PM 25567499 ER PT J AU Williams, B AF Williams, Bennie TI Urban fishing and the USFWS: New opportunities in changing times SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Williams, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM Bennie_Williams@fws.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 276FZ UT WOS:000254128000011 ER PT J AU Smith, KM Keeton, WS Donovan, TM Mitchell, B AF Smith, Katherine Manaras Keeton, William S. Donovan, Therese M. Mitchell, Brian TI Stand-level forest structure and avian habitat: Scale dependencies in predicting occurrence in a heterogeneous forest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest structure; microhabitat; habitat model; ovenbird; black-throated blue warbler ID SPECIES-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; QUERCUS-ILICIFOLIA COMMUNITY; NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS; BREEDING BIRDS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SPATIAL-PATTERN; ABUNDANCE; DISTURBANCES AB We explored the role of stand-level forest structure and spatial extent of forest sampling in models of avian occurrence in northern hardwood-conifer forests for two species: black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) and ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus). We estimated site occupancy from point counts at 20 sites and characterized the forest structure at these sites at three spatial extents (0.2, 3.0, and 12.0 ha). Weight of evidence was greatest for habitat models using forest stand structure at the 12.0-ha extent and diminished only slightly at the 3.0-ha extent, a scale that was slightly larger than the average territory size of both species. Habitat models characterized at the 0.2-ha extent had low support, yet are the closest in design to those used in many of the habitat studies we reviewed. These results suggest that the role of stand-level vegetation may have been underestimated in the past, which will be of interest to land managers who use habitat models to assess the suitability of habitat for species of concern. C1 [Smith, Katherine Manaras; Keeton, William S.; Donovan, Therese M.; Mitchell, Brian] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Aiken Ctr 81, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Smith, KM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Aiken Ctr 81, 81 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM katie.manaras@gmail.com; wkeeton@uvm.edu; tdonovan@uvm.edu; bmitchel@uvm.edu NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 54 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 264RL UT WOS:000253306600005 ER PT J AU Nilsen, TO Ebbesson, LOE Kiilerich, P Bjornsson, BT Madsen, SS McCormick, SD Stefansson, SO AF Nilsen, Tom O. Ebbesson, Lars O. E. Kiilerich, Pia Bjornsson, Bjorn Th. Madsen, Steffen S. McCormick, Stephen D. Stefansson, Sigurd O. TI Endocrine systems in juvenile anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Seasonal development and seawater acclimation SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth hormone receptor; insulin-like growth factor I receptor; cortisol; glucocorticoid receptor; mineralocorticoid receptor; 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2; parr-smolt transformation ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; MULTIPLE CORTICOSTEROID RECEPTORS; MINERALOCORTICOID-LIKE RECEPTOR; GROWTH-HORMONE ENDOCRINOLOGY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PITUITARY GENE-EXPRESSION; NA+-K+-ATPASE; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALINITY ACCLIMATION; TELEOST FISH AB The present study compares developmental changes in plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and cortisol. and mRNA levels of their receptors and the prolactin receptor (PRLR) in the gill of anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon during the spring parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) period and following four days and one month seawater (SW) acclimation. Plasma GH and gill GH receptor (GHR) mRNA levels increased continuously during the spring smoltification period in the anadromous, but not in landlocked salmon. There were no differences in plasma IGF-I levels between strains, or any increase during smoltification. Gill IGF-I and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNA levels increased in anadromous salmon during smoltification, with no changes observed in landlocked fish. Gill PRLR mRNA levels remained stable in both strains during spring. Plasma cortisol levels in anadromous salmon increased 5-fold in May and June, but not in landlocked salmon. Gill glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA levels were elevated in both strains at the time of peak smoltification in anadromous salmon, while mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNA levels remained stable. Only anadromous salmon showed an increase of gill 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 (11 beta-HSD2) mRNA levels in May. GH and gill GHR mRNA levels increased in both strains following four days of SW exposure in mid-May, whereas only the anadromous salmon displayed elevated plasma GH and GHR mRNA after one month in SW. Plasma IGF-I increased after four days in SW in both strains, decreasing in both strains after one month in SW. Gill IGF-I mRNA levels were only increased in landlocked salmon after 4 days in SW. Gill IGF-IR mRNA levels in SW did not differ from FW levels in either strain. Gill PRLR mRNA did not change after four days of SW exposure, and decreased in both strains after one month in SW. Plasma cortisol levels did not change following SW exposure in either strain. Gill GR, 11 beta-HSD2 and MR mRNA levels increased after four days in SW in both strains, whereas only the anadromous strain maintained elevated gill GR and 11 beta-HSD2 mRNA levels after one month in SW. The results indicate that hormones and receptors of the GH and cortisol axes are present at significantly lower levels during spring development and SW acclimation in landlocked relative to anadromous salmon. These findings suggest that attenuation of GH and cortisol axes may, at least partially, result in reduced preparatory upregulation of key gill ion-secretory proteins, possibly a result of reduced selection pressure for marine adaptations in landlocked salmon. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nilsen, Tom O.; Ebbesson, Lars O. E.; Stefansson, Sigurd O.] Univ Bergen, Bergen High Technol Ctr, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Kiilerich, Pia; Madsen, Steffen S.] Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. [Bjornsson, Bjorn Th.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zoophysiol & Zool, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [McCormick, Stephen D.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Nilsen, TO (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Bergen High Technol Ctr, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. EM Tom.Nilsen@bio.nib.no RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008; Ebbesson, Lars/F-9385-2011; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Kiilerich, Pia/B-9094-2015; OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756; Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Kiilerich, Pia/0000-0001-5665-6074; Madsen, Steffen Sondergaard/0000-0002-5785-7094 NR 69 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 762 EP 772 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.08.006 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 264FQ UT WOS:000253272800032 PM 17904138 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, Y Yoshizaki, G Takeuchi, T Soyano, K Patino, R AF Yamamoto, Yoji Yoshizaki, Goro Takeuchi, Toshio Soyano, Kiyoshi Patino, Reynaldo TI Role of gap junctions and protein kinase A during the development of oocyte maturational competence in Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovarian follicle; oocyte; meiosis; gap junction; protein kinase; teleost ID ATLANTIC CROAKER; OVARIAN-FOLLICLES; CYCLIC-AMP; GONADOTROPIC CONTROL; CONNEXIN CHANNELS; MEMBRANE-RECEPTOR; MAMMALIAN OOCYTES; CLARIAS-BATRACHUS; MEIOTIC ARREST; FISH OOCYTES AB Meiotic resumption in teleost oocytes is induced by a maturation-inducing hormone (MIH). The sensitivity of oocytes to MIH, also known as oocyte maturational competence (ONIC), is induced by LH via mechanisms that are not fully understood. A previous study of Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) showed the presence of functional heterologous gap junctions (GJs) between oocytes and their surrounding granulosa cells. The objectives of this study were to determine the role of ovarian GJs and of protein kinase A (PKA) during the acquisition of OMC. We examined the effects of the specific GJ inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX) and 18(x-glycyrrhetinic acid (alpha-GA) on the LH-(hCG)-dependent acquisition of OMC and on MIH-(17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one)-dependent meiotic resumption; measured the cAMP content of ovarian follicles during the hCG-dependent acquisition of OMC; and determined the effects of PK activators and inhibitors on hCG-dependent ONIC. Production of follicular cAMP increased during the hCG-dependent acquisition of OMC. Both GJ inhibitors and the PKA inhibitor H8-dihydrochloride, but not the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, suppressed the hCG-dependent acquisition of ONIC in a dose-dependent manner. The PKA activator forskolin induced OMC with a similar potency to hCG. Unlike previous observations with teleosts where disruption of heterologous GJ either blocks or stimulates meiotic resumption, treatment with GJ inhibitors did not affect MIH-dependent meiotic resumption in maturationally competent follicles of Ayu. These observations suggest that ovarian GJs are essential for LH-dependent acquisition of OMC but not for MIH-dependent meiotic resumption, and that the stimulation of OMC by LH is mediated by cAMP-dependent PKA. They are also consistent with the view that a precise balance between GJ-mediated signals (positive or negative) and oocyte maturational readiness is required for hormonally regulated meiotic resumption. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yamamoto, Yoji; Yoshizaki, Goro; Takeuchi, Toshio] Tokyo UnivMarine Sci & technol, Dept Marine Biosci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 108, Japan. [Soyano, Kiyoshi] Nagasaki Univ, Inst E China Sea Res, Nagasaki 8512213, Japan. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, USGS, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Yoshizaki, G (reprint author), Tokyo UnivMarine Sci & technol, Dept Marine Biosci, Minato Ku, 4-5-7 Konan, Tokyo 108, Japan. EM goro@kaiyodai.ac.jp RI YOSHIZAKI, Goro/O-1937-2014; Yamamoto, Yoji/O-1958-2014 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 789 EP 795 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.09.011 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 264FQ UT WOS:000253272800035 PM 17964574 ER PT J AU Fontana, F Congiu, L Mudrak, VA Quattro, JM Smith, TIJ Ware, K Doroshov, SI AF Fontana, Francesco Congiu, Leonardo Mudrak, Vincent A. Quattro, Joseph M. Smith, Theodore I. J. Ware, Kent Doroshov, Serge I. TI Evidence of hexaploid karyotype in shortnose sturgeon SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE acipenseriformes; satellite DNA; 5S rDNA; allohexaploidy; sturgeon phylogeny ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; SATELLITE DNA FAMILY; HUSO-HUSO L; GENOME DUPLICATION; CHROMOSOME-NUMBER; ACIPENSER-STURIO; GREAT STURGEON; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PLOIDY LEVELS; EVOLUTION AB A karyotype analysis by several staining techniques was carried out on triplicate samples of the shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum. The chromosome number was found to be 2n = 372 +/- 6. A representative karyotype of 374 chromosomes was composed of 178 metacentrics/submetacentrics and 196 telocentrics/acrocentrics and microchromosomes. The signals of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a HindIII satellite DNA probe were visible on 14 chromosomes. The signals obtained with a PstI satellite DNA probe appeared on 12 chromosomes. The FISH with a 5S rDNA probe revealed fluorescent signals on 6 chromosomes. These last results, compared with 2 signals in species with about 120 chromosomes and 4 in species with 240, support the hypothesis that A. brevirostrum is a hexaploid species, probably of hybrid origin. Based on these results, we propose a model explaining speciation events occurring in sturgeons by hybridization, genome duplication, and diploidization. C1 [Fontana, Francesco] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Biol & Evolut, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Congiu, Leonardo] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Biol, I-35121 Padua, Italy. [Mudrak, Vincent A.; Ware, Kent] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs Reg Fisheries Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Quattro, Joseph M.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Smith, Theodore I. J.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. [Ware, Kent] Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, Wadmalaw Isl, SC 29847 USA. [Doroshov, Serge I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fontana, F (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Biol & Evolut, Via L Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM francesco.fontana@unife.it RI Congiu, Leonardo/G-7967-2011; OI CONGIU, LEONARDO/0000-0002-9293-9837 NR 49 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2008 VL 51 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1139/G07-112 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 283OH UT WOS:000254645400004 PM 18356945 ER PT J AU Paull, CK Ussler, W Holbrook, WS Hill, TM Keaten, R Mienert, J Haflidason, H Johnson, JE Winters, WJ Lorenson, TD AF Paull, Charles K. Ussler, William, III Holbrook, W. Steven Hill, Tessa M. Keaten, Rendy Mienert, Jurgen Haflidason, Haflidi Johnson, Joel E. Winters, William J. Lorenson, Thomas D. TI Origin of pockmarks and chimney structures on the flanks of the Storegga Slide, offshore Norway SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; GAS-HYDRATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; AGE CALIBRATION; DEEP-WATER; MID-NORWAY; METHANE; BOUNDARY; COMPLEX AB Seafloor pockmarks and subsurface chimney structures are common on the Norwegian continental margin north of the Storegga Slide scar. Such features are generally inferred to be associated with fluid expulsion, and imply overpressures in the subsurface. Six long gravity and piston cores taken from the interior of three pockmarks were compared with four other cores taken from the same area but outside the pockmarks, in order to elucidate the origins and stratigraphy of these features and their possible association with the Storegga Slide event. Sulfate gradients in cores from within pockmarks are less steep than those in cores from outside the pockmarks, which indicates that the flux of methane to the seafloor is presently smaller within the pockmarks than in the adjacent undisturbed sediments. This suggests that these subsurface chimneys are not fluid flow conduits lined with gas hydrate. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates and Bathymodiolus shells obtained from a pockmark at > 6.3 m below the seafloor indicate that methane was previously available to support a chemosynthetic community within the pockmark. AMS C-14 measurements of planktonic Foraminifera overlying and interlayered with the shell-bearing sediment indicate that methane was present on the seafloor within the pockmark prior to 14 ka C-14 years B.P., i.e., well before the last major Storegga Slide event (7.2 ka(14)C years B.P., or 8.2 ka calendar years B.P.). These observations provide evidence that overpressured fluids existed within the continental margin sediments off Norway during the last major advance of Pleistocene glaciation. C1 [Paull, Charles K.; Ussler, William, III; Keaten, Rendy] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Holbrook, W. Steven] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hill, Tessa M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mienert, Jurgen] Univ Tromso, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Haflidason, Haflidi] Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Johnson, Joel E.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Winters, William J.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lorenson, Thomas D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM paull@mbari.org RI Holbrook, W. Steven/G-9800-2011; OI Holbrook, W. Steven/0000-0003-0065-8841; Johnson, Joel/0000-0002-5671-7209 NR 34 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s00367-007-0088-9 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 257KV UT WOS:000252798900006 ER PT J AU Foley, NK Ayuso, RA AF Foley, N. K. Ayuso, R. A. TI Mineral sources and transport pathways for arsenic release in a coastal watershed, USA SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Environmental Geochemistry - Site Characterization, Waste Disposal, Data Analysis, Case Histories CY MAY 04-05, 2006 CL Naples, ITALY DE arsenic; mineralogy; reactions; watershed; Maine; trace-element chemistry; pathways ID BATCH EXPERIMENTS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; WEST-BENGAL; NEW-ENGLAND; GROUNDWATER; MOBILIZATION; DISSOLUTION; SOLUBILITY; CARBONATE; JAROSITE AB Metasedimentary bedrock of coastal Maine contains a diverse suite of As-bearing minerals that act as significant sources of elements found in ground and surface waters in the region.Arsenic sources in the Penobscot Formation include, in order of decreasing As content by weight: lollingite and realgar (c. 70%), arsenopyrite, cobaltite, glaucodot, and gersdorffite (in the range of 34-45%), arsenian pyrite (<4%), and pyrrhotite (<0.15%). In the Penobscot Formation, the relative stability of primary As-bearing minerals follows a pattern where the most commonly observed highly altered minerals are pyrrhotite, realgar, niccolite, lollingite > glaucodot, arsenopyrite-cobaltian > arsenopyrite, cobaltite, gersdorffite, fine-grained pyrite, Ni-pyrite > coarse-grained pyrite. Reactions illustrate that oxidation of Fe-As disulphide group and As-sulphide minerals is the primary release process for As. Liberation of As by carbonation of realgar and orpiment in contact with high-pH groundwaters may contribute locally to elevated contents of As in groundwater, especially where As is decoupled from Fe. Released metals are sequestered in secondary minerals by sorption or by incorporation in crystal structures. Secondary minerals acting as intermediate As reservoirs include claudetite (c. 75%), orpiment (61%), scorodite (c. 450/6), secondary arsenopyrite (c. 46%), goethite (<4490 ppm), natrojarosite (<42 ppm), rosenite, melanterite, ferrihydrite, and Mn-hydroxide coatings. Some soils also contain Fe-Co-Ni-arsenate, Ca-arsenate, and carbonate minerals. Reductive dissolution of Fe-oxide minerals may govern the ultimate release of iron and arsenic - especially As(V) - to groundwater; however, dissolution of claudetite (arsenic trioxide) may directly contribute As(III). Processes thought to explain the release of As from minerals in bedrock include oxidation of arsenian pyrite or arsenopyrite, or carbonation of As-sulphides, and most models based on these generally rely on discrete minerals or on a fairly limited series of minerals. In contrast, in the Penobscot Formation and other metasedimentary rocks of coastal Maine, oxidation of As-bearing Fe-cobalt-nicket-sulphide minerals, dissolution (by reduction) of As-bearing secondary As and Fe hydroxide and sulphate minerals, carbonation and/or oxidation of As-sulphide minerals, and desorption of As from Fe-hydroxide mineral surfaces are all thought to be involved. All of these processes contribute to the occurrence of As in groundwaters in coastal Maine, as a result of variability in composition and in stability of the As source minerals. Arsenic contents of soils and groundwater thus reflect the predominant influence and integration of a spectrum of primary mineral reservoirs (instead of single or unique mineral reservoirs). Cycling of As through metasedimentary bedrock aquifers may therefore depend on consecutive stages of carbonation, oxidation and reductive dissolution of primary and secondary As host minerals. C1 [Foley, N. K.; Ayuso, R. A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Foley, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954,Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM nfoley@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 27 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7873 J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 8 BP 59 EP 75 DI 10.1144/1467-7873/07-152 PN 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 260CN UT WOS:000252988500007 ER PT J AU Ayuso, RA Foley, NK AF Ayuso, R. A. Foley, N. K. TI Anthropogenic and natural lead isotopes in Fe-hydroxides and Fe-sulphates in a watershed associated with arsenic-enriched groundwater, Maine, USA SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Environmental Geochemistry - Site Characterization, Waste Disposal, Data Analysis, Case Histories CY MAY 04-05, 2006 CL Naples, ITALY DE lead isotopes; sulphides; Fe-hydroxides; Te-sulphates; arsenic; source; natural; anthropogenic ID ATMOSPHERIC LEAD; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; SOURCE SIGNATURES; STREAM SEDIMENTS; TRACE-METALS; WEST-BENGAL; SOILS; MOBILIZATION; EMISSIONS AB A survey of the natural and anthropogenic sources of lead contributing to secondary minerals in sulphidic schists associated with arsenic-enriched groundwater in Coastal Maine shows that the most likely source is natural Pb, particularly from coexisting sulphide minerals. The secondary minerals also reflect notable contributions from anthropogenic Pb. The Pb isotopes establish pathways by which Pb, and by inference As, could have been transported from As-bearing minerals (arsenian pyrite, arsenopyrite, lollingite, orpiment, arsenic oxide and others), via sulphide oxidation or carbonation reactions into multiple generations of secondary minerals (goethite, hematite, jarosite, natrojarosite and others). Lead isotopic compositions of the sulphides and secondary minerals determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (n=53) range widely. Lead and As contents of the sulphides and secondary minerals overlap, and are generally positively correlated. Pyrite, the dominant sulphide in sulphidic schists associated with As-enriched groundwater in Coastal Maine, has values of (206)Pb/(204)Pb from 18.186 to 18.391, (207)Pb/(204)Pb from 15.617 to 15.657, (208)Pb/(204)Pb from 38.052 to 38.210, (206)Pb/ (207)Pb from c. 1.1625 to 1.1760 and (208)Pb/(207)Pb from c. 2.4276 to 2.4394. Mixtures of Fe-hydroxide and oxide minerals (predominantly goethite and hematite) and secondary Fe-sulphate minerals (jarosite, natrojarosite, rozenite and melanterite) in the sulphidic schists have overlapping but generally higher values of (206)Pb/(204)Pb 207 from 18.495 to 19.747 (one sample at 21.495), (207)Pb/(204)Pb from 15.595 to 15.722 (one sample at 15.839), (208)Pb/(204)Pb from 38.186 to 39.162, Pb from c.1.1860 to 1.2575 (one sample at 1.3855) and (208)Pb/(207)Pb from c. 2.4441 to 2.4865 than the sulphides. Sulphides from Zn-Pb metal mines are somewhat less radiogenic than sulphides from the schists. Other sulphides (mostly pyrite) associated with pegmatites and granitic rocks are heterogeneous and more radiogenic than the pyrite-rich sulphidic schists. Sulphides from other regional bedrock units also have heterogeneous isotope values. Lead isotopic compositions of the sulphides from the sulphidic schists and coexisting Fe-oxides and Fe-sulphates produced by weathering and alteration overlap, but the secondary minerals extend toward more radiogenic values that broadly indicate the addition of Pb from anthropogenic origin. As a component of Pb from extensively used arsenical pesticides may also be present in the secondary minerals, the range in Pb isotope values is consistent with multiple sources: natural Pb from the schists and anthropogenic Pb (industrial and possibly from agricultural activities). Contributions from past mining activities or from other bedrock sources are not implicated. C1 [Ayuso, R. A.; Foley, N. K.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ayuso, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM rayuso@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7873 J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 8 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1144/1467-7873/07-153 PN 1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 260CN UT WOS:000252988500008 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Hurwitz, S Brodsky, EE AF Ingebritsen, S. E. Hurwitz, S. Brodsky, E. E. TI Note from the Hubbert Quorum SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICS C1 [Ingebritsen, S. E.; Hurwitz, S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brodsky, E. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Brodsky, Emily/B-9139-2014; OI Brodsky, Emily/0000-0002-6855-6860 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-8115 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD FEB PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2008.00207.x PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 253CJ UT WOS:000252496000001 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Kamp, U Khattak, GA Harp, EL Keefer, DK Bauer, MA AF Owen, Lewis A. Kamp, Ulrich Khattak, Ghazanfar A. Harp, Edwin L. Keefer, David K. Bauer, Mark A. TI Landslides triggered by the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kashmir; earthquake; landslides; Himalaya ID HIMALAYA AB The 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake triggered several thousand landslides. These were mainly rock falls and debris falls, although translational rock and debris slides also occurred. In addition, a sturzstrom (debris avalanche) comprising similar to 80 million m(3) buried four villages and blocked streams to create two lakes. Although landsliding occurred throughout the region, covering an area of > 7500 km(2), the failures were highly concentrated, associated with six geomorphic-geologic-anthropogenic settings, including natural failures in (1) highly fractured carbonate rocks comprising the lowest beds in the hanging wall of the likely earthquake fault; (2) Tertiary siliciclastic rocks along antecedent drainages that traverse the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis; (3) steep (> 50 degrees) slopes comprising Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic rocks; (4) very steep (>> 50 degrees) lower slopes of fluvially undercut Quaternary valley fills; and (5) ridges and spur crests. The sixth setting was associated with road construction. Extensive fissuring in many of the valley slopes together with the freshly mobilized landslide debris constitutes a potential hazard in the coming snowmelt and monsoon seasons. This study supports the view that earthquake-triggered landslides are highly concentrated in specific zones associated with the lithology, structure, geomorphology, topography, and human presence. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Owen, Lewis A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kamp, Ulrich] Univ Montana, Dept Geog, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Khattak, Ghazanfar A.] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Geol, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. [Harp, Edwin L.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Keefer, David K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bauer, Mark A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Lewis.Oweil@uc.edu NR 26 TC 98 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.007 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 257WJ UT WOS:000252829200001 ER PT J AU Gipprich, TL Snieder, RK Jibson, RW Kimman, W AF Gipprich, T. L. Snieder, R. K. Jibson, R. W. Kimman, W. TI The role of shear and tensile failure in dynamically triggered landslides SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE site effects; wave propagation ID EARTH STRUCTURES; STRESS; FAULT AB Dynamic stresses generated by earthquakes can trigger landslides. Current methods of landslide analysis such as pseudo-static analysis and Newmark's method focus on the effects of earthquake accelerations on the landslide mass to characterize dynamic landslide behaviour. One limitation of these methods is their use Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria, which only accounts for shear failure, but the role of tensile failure is not accounted for. We develop a limit-equilibrium model to investigate the dynamic stresses generated by a given ground motion due to a plane wave and use this model to assess the role of shear and tensile failure in the initiation of slope instability. We do so by incorporating a modified Griffith failure envelope, which combines shear and tensile failure into a single criterion. Tests of dynamic stresses in both homogeneous and layered slopes demonstrate that two modes of failure exist, tensile failure in the uppermost meters of a slope and shear failure at greater depth. Further, we derive equations that express the dynamic stress in the near-surface in the acceleration measured at the surface. These equations are used to approximately define the depth range for each mechanism of failure. The depths at which these failure mechanisms occur suggest that shear and tensile failure might collaborate in generating slope failure. C1 [Gipprich, T. L.; Snieder, R. K.; Kimman, W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gipprich, T. L.; Snieder, R. K.; Kimman, W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Jibson, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Gipprich, TL (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rsnieder@mines.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 172 IS 2 BP 770 EP 778 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03681.x PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 252FW UT WOS:000252433400022 ER PT J AU Kueppers, LM Snyder, MA Sloan, LC Cayan, D Jin, J Kanamaru, H Kanamitsu, M Miller, NL Tyree, M Due, H Weare, B AF Kueppers, Lara M. Snyder, Mark A. Sloan, Lisa C. Cayan, Dan Jin, Jiming Kanamaru, Hideki Kanamitsu, Masao Miller, Norman L. Tyree, Mary Due, Hui Weare, Bryan TI Seasonal temperature responses to land-use change in the western United States SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE irrigated agriculture; land-use change; regional climate model (RCM); surface radiation budget; urban land-cover ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; FUTURE CLIMATE; WATER-VAPOR; MODEL; COVER; CALIFORNIA; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB In the western United States, more than 79 000 km 2 has been converted to irrigated agriculture and urban areas. These changes have the potential to alter surface temperature by modifying the energy budget at the land-atmosphere interface. This study reports the seasonally varying temperature responses of four regional climate models (RCMs) - RSM, RegCM3, MM5-CLM3, and DRCM - to conversion of potential natural vegetation to modern land-cover and land-use over a 1-year period. Three of the RCMs supplemented soil moisture, producing large decreases in the August mean (- 1.4 to -3.1 degrees C) and maximum (-2.9 to -6.1 degrees C) 2-m air temperatures where natural vegetation was converted to irrigated agriculture. Conversion to irrigated agriculture also resulted in large increases in relative humidity (9% to 36% absolute change). Modeled changes in the August minimum 2-m air temperature were not as pronounced or consistent across the models. Converting natural vegetation to urban land-cover produced less pronounced temperature effects in all models, with the magnitude of the effect dependent upon the preexisting vegetation type and urban parameterizations. Overall, the RCM results indicate that the temperature impacts of land-use change are most pronounced during the summer months, when surface heating is strongest and differences in surface soil moisture between irrigated land and natural vegetation are largest. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kueppers, Lara M.; Snyder, Mark A.; Sloan, Lisa C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cayan, Dan; Kanamaru, Hideki; Kanamitsu, Masao; Tyree, Mary] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Dan] Univ Calif San Diego, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jin, Jiming; Miller, Norman L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Due, Hui; Weare, Bryan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kueppers, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, POB 2039, Merced, CA 95344 USA. EM Ikueppers@ucmerced.edu RI Snyder, Mark/B-6835-2008; Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010; Jin, Jiming/A-9678-2011; Kueppers, Lara/M-8323-2013 OI Snyder, Mark/0000-0001-8242-7697; Kueppers, Lara/0000-0002-8134-3579 NR 65 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD FEB PY 2008 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 250 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.03.005 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 268JU UT WOS:000253576900006 ER PT J AU Fellers, GM Pope, KL Stead, JE Koo, MS Welsh, HH AF Fellers, Gary M. Pope, Karen L. Stead, Jonathan E. Koo, Michelle S. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. TI TURNING POPULATION TREND MONITORING INTO ACTIVE CONSERVATION: CAN WE SAVE THE CASCADES FROG (RANA CASCADAE) IN THE LASSEN REGION OF CALIFORNIA? SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian; Cascades Frog; conservation; declining amphibian; Lassen; population status; Rana cascadae ID FUNGUS BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; SIERRA-NEVADA; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; PROTECTED AREAS; NONNATIVE FISH; CHYTRID FUNGUS; B RADIATION AB Monitoring the distribution, population size, and trends of declining species is necessary to evaluate their vulnerability to extinction. It is the responsibility of scientists to alert management professionals of the need for preemptive action if a species approaches imminent, regional extirpation. This is the case with Rana cascadae (Cascades Frog) populations near Lassen Peak. From 1993 to 2007, we conducted 1,873 amphibian surveys at 856 sites within Lassen Volcanic National Park and Lassen National Forest, California, USA. These surveys encompassed all R. cascadae habitats: ponds, lakes, meadows, and streams on those lands. We found frogs at only six sites during 14 years of surveys, and obtained one report of a single frog at one additional locality. These sites represented < 1% of the historically suitable habitat within the Lassen region. The number of R. cascadae in the Lassen area has declined since 1991, and one population is now extirpated. We found no evidence of reproduction in most of the populations, and reproduction at all but one of the other sites remained lower than the annual reproductive output of one breeding pair for > 12 years. Causes for the decline remain unclear, but introduced trout, disease, and pesticides are likely factors. We recommend that (1) additional protection for R. cascadae within 50 km of Lassen Peak; (2) investigation of the genetics of R. cascadae in California; (3) research into the role of possible causative factors in these declines; and (4) implementation of a feasibility study to captive breed and reintroduce R. cascadae in the Lassen area. C1 [Fellers, Gary M.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Pope, Karen L.; Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Stead, Jonathan E.] Univ Calif Davis Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Koo, Michelle S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fellers, GM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. EM gary_fellers@usgs.gov FU California Academy of Sciences; California Department of Fish and Game; National Park Service; U.S. Forest Service; U.S. Geological Survey FX We thank the many members of our field crews for their assistance with surveys. Joan Fellers, Melanie McFarland, Christopher Pearl, and Charles Drost reviewed the manuscript and provided many useful comments. Justin Garwood, Patrick Kleeman, and Michael Parker assisted with field work. We thank the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (University of California) and the California Academy of Sciences for making their records available. We also thank W. M. Beaty and Associates, Inc. and Bob Carey for alerting us to the presence of Cascades frogs on private land, and for providing access. Funding for this research was provided by the California Academy of Sciences, California Department of Fish and Game, National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Surveys were conducted under collecting permits provided by the California Dept. Fish and Game (SC-00816) and the National Park Service (LAVO-1991-SCI-001). NR 60 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MU UT WOS:000207806900003 ER PT J AU Hossack, BR Corn, PS AF Hossack, Blake R. Corn, Paul Stephen TI WILDFIRE EFFECTS ON WATER TEMPERATURE AND SELECTION OF BREEDING SITES BY THE BOREAL TOAD (BUFO BOREAS) IN SEASONAL WETLANDS SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boreal Toad; Bufo boreas; degree.days; fire; forest disturbance; Glacier National Park, water temperature, wetlands ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; HABITAT SELECTION; DEPRESSIONAL WETLANDS; SEXUAL DIFFERENCES; USA; FORESTS; METAMORPHOSIS; CONSEQUENCES; COLONIZATION; POPULATIONS AB Disturbances can significantly affect the thermal regime and community structure of wetlands. We investigated the effect of a wildfire on water temperature of seasonal, montane wetlands after documenting the colonization of recently burned wetlands by the Boreal Toad (Bufo boreas boreas). We compared the daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, and accumulated growing degree.days measured on the north shore of three classes of wetlands: unburned wetlands, burned wetlands that were colonized by breeding toads, and burned wetlands that were not colonized. We hypothesized that toads colonized burned wetlands because they were warmer than unburned wetlands and selected specific burned wetlands because they were warmer than neighboring burned sites. There was weak evidence that toads selected burned wetlands with higher temperature maxima; however, the differences were small (<= 1 degrees C) and were not supported when accounting for geography and wetland features. We also found no evidence that burning the forest around wetlands increased water temperatures two and three years after the fire. Unburned wetlands had higher daily mean and maximum temperatures and accrued more growing degree.days than either class of burned wetlands. Temperature differences among groups of wetlands seemed to be driven by subtle differences in geography. We suspect we did not find warmer temperatures in burned wetlands because all of the wetlands we monitored already had open canopies and the fire likely resulted in only small increases in incident radiation. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Hossack, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM Blake_Hossack@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Use of trade names is for information only and does not constitute endorsement or approval by the U. S. Government. We thank the numerous field technicians that have helped with this study, as well as the staff of Glacier National Park. Comments by Jonathon Richardson, Lisa Eby, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MU UT WOS:000207806900005 ER PT J AU Guscio, CG Hossack, BR Eby, LA Corn, PS AF Guscio, C. Gregory Hossack, Blake R. Eby, Lisa A. Corn, Paul Stephen TI POST-BREEDING HABITAT USE BY ADULT BOREAL TOADS (BUFO BOREAS) AFTER WILDFIRE IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, USA SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; Boreal Toad; Bufo boreas; burn severity; fire; habitat use; Montana; radio telemetry ID SEXUAL DIFFERENCES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; NORTH-AMERICA; PINE FORESTS; AMPHIBIANS; AVAILABILITY; HERPETOFAUNA; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY; MOVEMENTS AB Effects of wildfire on amphibians are complex, and some species may benefit from the severe disturbance of stand-replacing fire. Boreal Toads (Bufo boreas boreas) in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA increased in occurrence after fires in 2001 and 2003. We used radio telemetry to track adult B. boreas in a mosaic of terrestrial habitats with different burn severities to better understand factors related to the post-fire pulse in breeding activity. Toads used severely burned habitats more than expected and partially burned habitats less than expected. No toads were relocated in unburned habitat, but little of the study area was unburned and the expected number of observations in unburned habitat was < 3. High vagility of B. boreas and preference for open habitats may predispose this species to exploit recently disturbed landscapes. The long-term consequences of fire suppression likely have had different effects in different parts of the range of B. boreas. More information is needed, particularly in the northern Rocky Mountains, where toads are more likely to occupy habitats that have diverged from historic fire return intervals. C1 [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Guscio, C. Gregory; Eby, Lisa A.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Corn, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scorn@usgs.gov FU USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative FX This study was funded by a research award from the USGS Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative. Jonathon Richardson assisted with data collection. We thank Paul Bartelt and Chris Pearl for comments that improved this paper. Work in Glacier NP was conducted under a National Park Service research permit (GLAC-2004-SCI-0063), and the telemetry methods were approved by University of Montana Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Trade names are provided for information only. Endorsement by the U. S. Geological Survey is neither expressed nor implied. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MU UT WOS:000207806900006 ER PT J AU Nussear, KE Esque, TC Heaton, JS Cablk, ME Drake, KK Valentin, C Yee, JL Medica, PA AF Nussear, Kenneth E. Esque, Todd C. Heaton, Jill S. Cablk, Mary E. Drake, Kristina K. Valentin, Cindee Yee, Julie L. Medica, Philip A. TI ARE WILDLIFE DETECTOR DOGS OR PEOPLE BETTER AT FINDING DESERT TORTOISES (GOPHERUS AGASSIZII)? SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fort Irwin; California; canine; Desert Tortoise; detector dogs; Gopherus agassizii; Mojave Desert; survey detectability ID VULPES-MACROTIS-MUTICA; CENTRAL MOJAVE DESERT; EUDERMA-MACULATUM; ACCURACY; POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; CARNIVORES; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL AB Our ability to study threatened and endangered species depends on locating them readily in the field. Recent studies highlight the effectiveness of trained detector dogs to locate wildlife during field surveys, including Desert Tortoises in a semi-natural setting. Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) are cryptic and difficult to detect during surveys, especially the smaller size classes. We conducted comparative surveys to determine whether human or detector dog teams were more effective at locating Desert Tortoises in the wild. We compared detectability of Desert Tortoises and the costs to deploy human and dog search teams. Detectability of tortoises was not statistically different for either team, and was estimated to be approximately 70% (SE = 5%). Dogs found a greater proportion of tortoises located in vegetation than did humans. The dog teams finished surveys 2.5 hours faster than the humans on average each day. The human team cost was approximately $3,000 less per square kilometer sampled. Dog teams provided a quick and effective method for surveying for adult Desert Tortoises; however, we were unable to determine their effectiveness at locating smaller size classes. Detection of smaller size classes during surveys would improve management of the species and should be addressed by future research using Desert Tortoise detector dogs. C1 [Nussear, Kenneth E.; Esque, Todd C.; Drake, Kristina K.; Medica, Philip A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. [Heaton, Jill S.] Univ Nevada Reno, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cablk, Mary E.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Valentin, Cindee] Applegate Sch Dogs, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. [Yee, Julie L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Nussear, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. EM knussear@usgs.gov FU United States Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Ft. Irwin National Training Center FX We thank Erin Boydston, Robert Fisher, Karen Phillips, and Mickey Quillman for reviews and comments on previous versions of this manuscript. We also wish to thank Katie Cunningham, Katherine Dennis, Megan Garnett, Margarete Walden, Miguel Ordenena, Rebecca Kipp, Trent Draper, and Ben Waitman for assistance with Desert Tortoise surveys for the human teams; dog handlers Bonnie Brown-Cali, Kathleen Corum, Aimee Hurt, Karen Riggs, Chris Salisbury, and Meaghan Thacker; George Walker, Tracy Kipke, Emily Barks, Chelsea Beebe, Simone Brito, Leslie Hanson, Holly Kaplan, Sonja Kokos, and Mary Snow for assistance with dog teams and radio telemetry; and Stephanie Leslie for providing data management and logistic support in the field. We also thank Mickey Quillman and Neil Lynne, U.S. Army, National Training Center at Ft. Irwin for logistical assistance; Russ Harmon and Vince Gresham from the Army Research Office for their contribution to project implementation and improvement of the Animal Care and Use Protocols. This research was conducted under U. S. Fish and Wildlife (TE073506 and TE102235) and California Department of Fish and Game (MOU 801179-0 SC 002235) research permits, University of Nevada, Reno (A03/04-34) and U. S. Army Research Office (ARO-FY05-0007 and ARO-FY05-0008) Protocol for Animal Care and Use. We were also granted permission from the U. S. Department of Defense to conduct activities related to this research on their lands. This project was funded by the United States Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Ft. Irwin National Training Center. Any use of trade names or specific products is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 24 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 103 EP 115 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MU UT WOS:000207806900011 ER PT J AU James, WF Richardson, WB Soballe, DM AF James, William F. Richardson, William B. Soballe, David M. TI Contribution of sediment fluxes and transformations to the summer nitrogen budget of an Upper Mississippi River backwater system SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ammonium; backwaters; diffusion; denitrification; floodplain rivers; nitrate; nitrification ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; MACROPHYTE GROWTH; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; NITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; STREAMS; WATER; N-15 AB Routing nitrate through backwaters of regulated floodplain rivers to increase retention could decrease loading to nitrogen (N)-sensitive coastal regions. Sediment core determinations of N flux were combined with inflow-outflow fluxes to develop mass balance approximations of N uptake and transformations in a flow-controlled backwater of the Upper Mississippi River (USA). Inflow was the dominant nitrate source (>95%) versus nitrification and varied as a function of source water concentration since flow was constant. Nitrate uptake length increased linearly, while uptake velocity decreased linearly, with increasing inflow concentration to 2 mg l(-1), indicating limitation of N uptake by loading. N saturation at higher inflow concentration coincided with maximum uptake capacity, 40% uptake efficiency, and an uptake length 2 times greater than the length of the backwater. Nitrate diffusion and denitrification in sediment accounted for 27% of the backwater nitrate retention, indicating that assimilation by other biota or denitrification on other substrates were the dominant uptake mechanisms. Ammonium export from the backwater was driven by diffusive efflux from the sediment. Ammonium increased from near zero at the inflow to a maximum mid-lake, then declined slightly toward the outflow due to uptake during transport. Ammonium export was small compared to nitrate retention. C1 [James, William F.; Soballe, David M.] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. [Richardson, William B.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP James, WF (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, W 500 Eau Galle Dam Rd, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. EM jamesw1@svtel.net NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2008 VL 598 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9142-x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 244OD UT WOS:000251874300008 ER PT J AU Zigler, SJ Newton, TJ Steuer, JJ Bartsch, MR Sauer, JS AF Zigler, Steven J. Newton, Teresa J. Steuer, Jeffrey J. Bartsch, Michelle R. Sauer, Jennifer S. TI Importance of physical and hydraulic characteristics to unionid mussels: a retrospective analysis in a reach of large river SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE unionid; mussel; shear stress; CART; tree model; geospatial ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; UPPER MISSISSIPPI-RIVER; MICROHABITAT USE; FLOW REFUGIA; STREAM; MACROINVERTEBRATE; SUBSTRATE; ECOLOGY; HABITAT; ASSEMBLAGE AB Interest in understanding physical and hydraulic factors that might drive distribution and abundance of freshwater mussels has been increasing due to their decline throughout North America. We assessed whether the spatial distribution of unionid mussels could be predicted from physical and hydraulic variables in a reach of the Upper Mississippi River. Classification and regression tree (CART) models were constructed using mussel data compiled from various sources and explanatory variables derived from GIS coverages. Prediction success of CART models for presence-absence of mussels ranged from 71 to 76% across three gears (brail, sled-dredge, and dive-quadrat) and 51% of the deviance in abundance. Models were largely driven by shear stress and substrate stability variables, but interactions with simple physical variables, especially slope, were also important. Geospatial models, which were based on tree model results, predicted few mussels in poorly connected backwater areas (e.g., floodplain lakes) and the navigation channel, whereas main channel border areas with high geomorphic complexity (e.g., river bends, islands, side channel entrances) and small side channels were typically favorable to mussels. Moreover, bootstrap aggregation of discharge-specific regression tree models of dive-quadrat data indicated that variables measured at low discharge were about 25% more predictive (PMSE = 14.8) than variables measured at median discharge (PMSE = 20.4) with high discharge (PMSE = 17.1) variables intermediate. This result suggests that episodic events such as droughts and floods were important in structuring mussel distributions. Although the substantial mussel and ancillary data in our study reach is unusual, our approach to develop exploratory statistical and geospatial models should be useful even when data are more limited. C1 [Zigler, Steven J.; Newton, Teresa J.; Bartsch, Michelle R.; Sauer, Jennifer S.] US Geol Survey, Upper MidWest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Steuer, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Dist Off, Madison, WI 53562 USA. RP Zigler, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper MidWest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM szigler@usgs.gov OI Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652; Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 54 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2008 VL 598 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9167-1 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 244OD UT WOS:000251874300027 ER PT J AU Strand, KA Chipps, SR Kahara, SN Higgins, KF Vaa, S AF Strand, Kimberly A. Chipps, Steven R. Kahara, Sharon N. Higgins, Kenneth F. Vaa, Spencer TI Patterns of prey use by lesser scaup Aythya affinis (Aves) and diet overlap with fishes during spring migration SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE lesser scaup; spring-condition hypothesis; diet overlap; black bullhead; yellow perch ID EASTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; MISSISSIPPI FLYWAY; GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS; FEEDING STRATEGY; WETLANDS; POPULATIONS; WATERFOWL; MANITOBA; LAKES AB Recent decline in the lesser scaup Aythya affinis population has been linked to changes in wetland conditions along their spring migration routes. In particular, the use of amphipod prey by lesser scaup has declined in many regions of the upper Midwest U.S.A. and has been linked to expanded fisheries, although empirical data on diet overlap are lacking. To explore patterns of prey use by lesser scaup and diet overlap with fishes, we quantified diets of scaup and fishes during the 2003 and 2004 spring migration in eastern South Dakota, U.S.A. We compared diet overlap between lesser scaup and fishes collected from Twin Lakes, South Dakota-an important stopover location for spring-migrating scaup. Plant seeds occurred in > 95% of lesser scaup diets (n = 118) and represented an appreciable amount of consumed biomass (> 70%). Gastropods, amphipods, and chironomids were the most abundant invertebrate prey taxa and occurred in 29-34% of lesser scaup diets. Although relatively frequent, these taxa each contributed only 4-27% of the diet by weight. Percent dry mass of amphipods, a preferred prey by lesser scaup, was low (4%) indicating that amphipod availability may be reduced during spring migration. Analysis of fish diets showed that black bullhead Ameiurus melas and yellow perch Perca flavescens had the highest diet overlap with lesser scaup at 94% and 92%, respectively. Moreover, mean size of amphipods and chironomids found in fish diets were significantly larger than that consumed by lesser scaup. Our findings support the notion that amphipod use by spring-migrating lesser scaup has declined and that size-selective predation by fishes may influence prey availability for lesser scaup. C1 [Strand, Kimberly A.; Chipps, Steven R.; Kahara, Sharon N.; Higgins, Kenneth F.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Vaa, Spencer] S Dakota State Univ, S Dakota Dept Game Fish & Parks, No Plains Biostress Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Steven.Chipps@sdstate.edu NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2008 VL 598 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9178-y PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 244OD UT WOS:000251874300030 ER PT J AU Kahn, KG Ge, SM Caine, JS Manning, A AF Kahn, Katherine Gurley Ge, Shemin Caine, Jonathan Saul Manning, Andrew TI Characterization of the shallow groundwater system in an alpine watershed: Handcart Gulch, Colorado, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; water budget; numerical modeling; groundwater; surface-water relations; fractured crystalline rocks; USA ID FRONT-RANGE; AQUIFERS; ROCKS AB Water-table elevation measurements and aquifer parameter estimates are rare in alpine settings because few wells exist in these environments. Alpine groundwater systems may be a primary source of recharge to regional groundwater flow systems. Handcart Gulch is an alpine watershed in Colorado, USA comprised of highly fractured Proterozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks with wells completed to various depths. Primary study objectives include determining hydrologic properties of shallow bedrock and surficial materials, developing a watershed water budget, and testing the consistency of measured hydrologic properties and water budget by constructing a simple model incorporating groundwater and surface water for water year 2005. Water enters the study area as precipitation and exits as discharge in the trunk stream or potential recharge for the deeper aquifer. Surficial infiltration rates ranged from 0.1-6.2x10(-5) m/s. Discharge was estimated at 1.28x10(-3) km(3). Numerical modeling analysis of single-well aquifer tests predicted lower specific storage in crystalline bedrock than in ferricrete and colluvial material (6.7x10(-5)-2.0x10(-3) l/m). Hydraulic conductivity in crystalline bedrock was significantly lower than in colluvial and alluvial material (4.3x10(-9)-2.0x10(-4) m/s). Water budget results suggest that during normal precipitation and temperatures water is available to recharge the deeper groundwater flow system. C1 [Kahn, Katherine Gurley] LLC, Cameron Cole, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ge, Shemin] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Caine, Jonathan Saul; Manning, Andrew] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kahn, KG (reprint author), LLC, Cameron Cole, 5777 Cent Ave,Suite 200, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM klgurley@hotmail.com OI Caine, Jonathan/0000-0002-7269-6989; Manning, Andrew/0000-0002-6404-1237 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 103 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0225-6 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 259MM UT WOS:000252943400009 ER PT J AU Buratti, BJ Soderlund, K Bauer, J Mosher, JA Hicks, MD Simonelli, DP Jaumann, R Clark, RN Brown, RH Cruikshank, DP Momary, T AF Buratti, B. J. Soderlund, K. Bauer, J. Mosher, J. A. Hicks, M. D. Simonelli, D. P. Jaumann, R. Clark, R. N. Brown, R. H. Cruikshank, D. P. Momary, T. TI Infrared (0.83-5.1 mu m) photometry of Phoebe from the Cassini Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Saturn, satellites; photometry; infrared observations; satellites; surfaces ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SATURNS MOON PHOEBE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; VOYAGER PHOTOMETRY; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; PHASE CURVE; ALBEDO MAP; DARK SIDE; SATELLITES; IAPETUS AB Three weeks prior to the commencement of Cassini's 4 year tour of the saturnian system, the spacecraft executed a close flyby of the outer satellite Phoebe. The infrared channel of the Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) obtained images of reflected light over the 0.83-5.1 pm spectral range with an average spectral resolution of 16.5 nm, spatial resolution up to 2 km, and over a range of solar phase angles not observed before. These images have been analyzed to derive fundamental photometric parameters including the phase curve and phase integral, spectral geometric albedo, bolometric Bond albedo, and the single scattering albedo. Physical properties of the surface, including macroscopic roughness and the single particle phase function, have also been characterized. Maps of normal reflectance show the existence of two major albedo regimes in the infrared, with gradations between the two regimes and much terrain with substantially higher albedos. The phase integral of Phoebe is 0.29 +/- 0.03, with no significant wavelength dependence. The bolometric Bond albedo is 0.023 +/- 007. We find that the surface of Phoebe is rough, with a mean slope angle of 33 degrees. The satellite's surface has a substantial forward scattering component, suggesting that its surface is dusty, perhaps from a history of outgassing. The spectrum of Phoebe is best matched by a composition including water ice, amorphous carbon, iron-bearing minerals, carbon dioxide, and Triton tholin. The characteristics of Phoebe suggest that it originated outside the saturnian system, perhaps in the Kuiper Belt, and was captured on its journey inward, as suggested by Johnson and Lunine (2005). (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Buratti, B. J.; Bauer, J.; Mosher, J. A.; Hicks, M. D.; Momary, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Soderlund, K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Jaumann, R.] DLR, Inst Planet Expl, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, LPL, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cruikshank, D. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Buratti, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bonnie.burattii@jpl.nasa.gov NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2008 VL 193 IS 2 BP 309 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.014 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265NQ UT WOS:000253366700003 ER PT J AU Cruikshank, DP Wegryn, E Ore, CMD Brown, RH Bibring, JP Buratti, BJ Clark, RN McCord, TB Nicholson, PD Pendleton, YJ Owen, TC Filacchione, G Coradini, A Cerroni, P Capaccioni, F Jaumann, R Nelson, RM Baines, KH Sotin, C Bellucci, G Combes, M Langevin, Y Sicardy, B Matson, DL Formisano, V Drossart, P Mennella, V AF Cruikshank, Dale P. Wegryn, Eric Ore, C. M. Dalle Brown, R. H. Bibring, J. -P. Buratti, B. J. Clark, R. N. McCord, T. B. Nicholson, P. D. Pendleton, Y. J. Owen, T. C. Filacchione, G. Coradini, A. Cerroni, P. Capaccioni, F. Jaumann, R. Nelson, R. M. Baines, K. H. Sotin, C. Bellucci, G. Combes, M. Langevin, Y. Sicardy, B. Matson, D. L. Formisano, V. Drossart, P. Mennella, V. TI Hydrocarbons on Saturn's satellites Iapetus and Phoebe SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Iapetus; organic chemistry; satellites; composition; spectroscopy ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MAPPING SPECTROMETER VIMS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; DARK SIDE; WATER ICE; SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTRAINTS; MOLECULES; THOLINS AB Material of low geometric albedo (p nu <= 0.1) is found on many objects in the outer Solar System, but its distribution in the saturnian satellite system is of special interest because of its juxtaposition with high-albedo ice. In the absence of clear, diagnostic spectral features, the composition of this low-albedo (or "dark") material is generally inferred to be carbon-rich, but the form(s) of the carbon is unknown. Near-infrared spectra of the low-albedo hemisphere of Saturn's satellite Iapetus were obtained with the Visible-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on the Cassini spacecraft at the fly-by of that satellite of 31 December 2004, yielding a maximum spatial resolution on the satellite's surface of similar to 65 km. The spectral region 3-3.6 mu m reveals a broad absorption band, centered at 3.29 mu m, and concentrated in a region comprising about 15% of the low-albedo surface area. This is identified as the C-H stretching mode vibration in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. Two weaker bands attributed to -CH2- stretching modes in aliphatic hydrocarbons are found in association with the aromatic band. The bands most likely arise from aromatic and aliphatic units in complex macromolecular carbonaceous material with a kerogen- or coal-like structure, similar to that in carbonaceous meteorites. VIMS spectra of Phoebe, encountered by Cassini on 11 June 2004, also show the aromatic hydrocarbon band, although somewhat weaker than on Iapetus. The origin of the PAH molecular material on these two satellites is unknown, but PAHs are found in carbonaceous meteorites, cometary dust particles, circumstellar dust, and interstellar dust. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cruikshank, Dale P.; Pendleton, Y. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wegryn, Eric; Ore, C. M. Dalle] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, R. H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, B. J.; Nelson, R. M.; Baines, K. H.; Matson, D. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bibring, J. -P.; Langevin, Y.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [McCord, T. B.] Space Sci Inst NW, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Owen, T. C.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Filacchione, G.; Coradini, A.; Cerroni, P.; Capaccioni, F.; Formisano, V.] INAF IASF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosmica, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Jaumann, R.] DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Sotin, C.] Univ Nantes, F-44072 Nantes, France. [Bellucci, G.] INAF IASF, Ist Spazio Interplanterario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Combes, M.; Sicardy, B.] Observ Paris, Dept Rech Spatial, F-95129 Meudon, France. [Mennella, V.] INAF OAC, I-80131 Naples, Italy. RP Cruikshank, DP (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM dale.p.cruikshank@nasa.gov OI Cerroni, Priscilla/0000-0003-0239-2741; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 NR 38 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2008 VL 193 IS 2 BP 334 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.036 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265NQ UT WOS:000253366700005 ER PT J AU Clark, RN Curchin, JM Jaumann, R Cruikshank, DP Brown, RH Hoefen, TM Stephan, K Moore, JM Buratti, BJ Baines, KH Nicholson, PD Nelson, RM AF Clark, Roger N. Curchin, John M. Jaumann, Ralf Cruikshank, Dale P. Brown, Robert H. Hoefen, Todd M. Stephan, Katrin Moore, Jeffrey M. Buratti, Bonnie J. Baines, Kevin H. Nicholson, Philip D. Nelson, Robert M. TI Compositional mapping of Saturn's satellite Dione with Cassini VIMS and implications of dark material in the Saturn system SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE ices; ices, IR spectroscopy; satellites, composition; satellites, surfaces; Saturn, satellites; Saturn, rings; spectroscopy ID IMAGING SCIENCE; IAPETUS DARK; PHOEBE; ENCELADUS; HYPERION; LAPETUS; RHEA; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; TITAN AB Cassim VIMS has obtained spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy data on numerous satellites of Saturn. A very close fly-by of Dione provided key information for solving the riddle of the origin of the dark material in the Saturn system. The Dione VIMS data show a pattern of bombardment of fine, sub-0.5-mu m diameter particles impacting the satellite from the trailing side direction. Multiple lines of evidence point to an external origin for the dark material on Dione, including the global spatial pattern of dark material, local patterns including crater and cliff walls shielding implantation on slopes facing away from the trailing side, exposing clean ice, and slopes facing the trailing direction which show higher abundances of dark material. Multiple spectral features of the dark material match those seen on Phoebe, Iapetus, Hyperion, Epimetheus and the F-ring, implying the material has a common composition throughout the Saturn system. However, the exact composition of the dark material remains a mystery, except that bound water and, tentatively, ammonia are detected, and there is evidence both for and against cyanide compounds. Exact identification of composition requires additional laboratory work. A blue scattering peak with a strong UV-visible absorption is observed in spectra of all satellites which contain dark material, and the cause is Rayleigh scattering, again pointing to a common origin. The Rayleigh scattering effect is confirmed with laboratory experiments using ice and 0.2-mu m diameter carbon grains when the carbon abundance is less than about 2% by weight. Rayleigh scattering in solids is also confirmed in naturally occurring terrestrial rocks, and in previously published reflectance studies. The spatial pattern, Rayleigh scattering effect, and spectral properties argue that the dark material is only a thin coating on Dione's surface, and by extension is only a thin coating on Phoebe, Hyperion, and Iapetus, although the dark material abundance appears higher on Iapetus, and may be locally thick. As previously concluded for Phoebe, the dark material appears to be external to the Saturn system and may be cometary in origin. We also report a possible detection of material around Dione which may indicate Dione is active and contributes material to the E-ring, but this observation must be confirmed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Clark, Roger N.; Curchin, John M.; Hoefen, Todd M.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Jaumann, Ralf; Stephan, Katrin] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Cruikshank, Dale P.; Moore, Jeffrey M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brown, Robert H.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.; Nelson, Robert M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nicholson, Philip D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Clark, RN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 964,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rclark@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2008 VL 193 IS 2 BP 372 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.035 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265NQ UT WOS:000253366700009 ER PT J AU Jaumann, R Stephan, K Hansen, GB Clark, RN Buratti, BJ Brown, RH Baines, KH Newman, SF Bellucci, G Filacchione, G Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Griffith, CA Hibbitts, CA McCord, TB Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sotin, C Wagner, R AF Jaumann, R. Stephan, K. Hansen, G. B. Clark, R. N. Buratti, B. J. Brown, R. H. Baines, K. H. Newman, S. F. Bellucci, G. Filacchione, G. Coradini, A. Cruikshank, D. P. Griffith, C. A. Hibbitts, C. A. McCord, T. B. Nelson, R. M. Nicholson, P. D. Sotin, C. Wagner, R. TI Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Enceladus; Saturn; satellites ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; H2O ICE; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; MU-M; SATELLITES; WATER AB The surface of Enceladus consists almost completely of water ice. As the band depths of water ice absorptions are sensitive to the size of particles, absorptions can be used to map variations of icy particles across the surface. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed Enceladus with a high spatial resolution during three Cassini flybys in 2005 (orbits EN 003, EN 004 and EN 011). Based on these data we measured the band depths of water ice absorptions at 1.04, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 pm. These band depths were compared to water ice models that represent theoretically calculated reflectance spectra for a range of particle diameters between 2 pin and 1 mm. The agreement between the experimental (VIMS) and model values supports the assumption that pure water ice characterizes the surface of Enceladus and therefore that variations in band depth correspond to variations in water ice particle diameters. Our measurements show that the particle diameter of water ice increases toward younger tectonically altered surface units with the largest particles exposed in relatively "fresh" surface material. The smallest particles were generally found in old densely cratered terrains. The largest particles (similar to 0.2 mm) are concentrated in the so called "tiger stripes" at the south pole. In general, the particle diameters are strongly correlated with geologic features and surface ages, indicating a stratigraphic evolution of the surface that is caused by cryovolcanic resurfacing and impact gardening. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jaumann, R.; Stephan, K.; Wagner, R.] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Jaumann, R.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geosci, Dept Earth Sci, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Hansen, G. B.; Hibbitts, C. A.; McCord, T. B.] Bear Fight Ctr, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA. [Clark, R. N.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Buratti, B. J.; Baines, K. H.; Newman, S. F.; Nelson, R. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brown, R. H.; Griffith, C. A.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bellucci, G.; Filacchione, G.; Coradini, A.] CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. [Cruikshank, D. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Nicholson, P. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sotin, C.] Univ Nantes, F-44072 Nantes, France. RP Jaumann, R (reprint author), DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM ralf.jaumann@dlr.de RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016; OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 NR 52 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2008 VL 193 IS 2 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 265NQ UT WOS:000253366700012 ER PT J AU Grundel, R Pavlovic, NB AF Grundel, Ralph Pavlovic, Noel B. TI Using conservation value to assess land restoration and management alternatives across a degraded oak savanna landscape SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bird communities; conservation index; conservation planning; conservation trade-offs; Indiana Dunes; national parks; Partners in Flight; restoration goal-setting; species diversity ID BIRD COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT USE; FIRE; DIVERSITY; DENSITY; AREAS; WOODLANDS; INDICATOR; PARTNERS AB 1. Managers considering restoration of landscapes often face a fundamental challenge - what should be the habitat composition of the restored landscape? We present a method for evaluating an important conservation trade-off inherent in making that decision. 2. Oak savannas and grasslands were historically widespread across central North America but are now rare. Today, in north-west Indiana, USA, habitats spanning a range of woody vegetation density, from nearly treeless open habitats to forests, occur across the conserved landscape where savannas probably once dominated. To understand the benefits of different potential landscape compositions, we evaluated how different proportions of five habitats - open, savanna, woodland, scrub and forest - might affect the conservation value of the north-west Indiana landscape for birds. Two variables of potential conservation importance were examined: species diversity, a measure of avian community richness, and conservation index, the percentage of a bird species' global population occurring on a hectare of landscape, summed across all bird species present. Higher values of conservation index were associated with higher local densities of globally more rare and more threatened species. 3. Conservation index and species diversity were correlated negatively across hypothetical landscapes composed of different proportions of the five habitats. Therefore, a management trade-off existed between conservation index and species diversity because landscapes that maximized species diversity differed from landscapes that maximized conservation index. 4. A landscape of 50% open, 22% savanna, 15% scrub and 13% forest was predicted to represent a compromise at which conservation index and species diversity reached the same percentage of their maxima. In contrast, the current landscape is dominated by forest. 5. Synthesis and applications. We quantified the trade-off between two potential aspects of a landscape's conservation value for birds - the landscape's ability to promote avian species diversity and the landscape's use by threatened avian species. This quantification allowed us to evaluate the ability of different landscape compositions to achieve preferable trade-off compromises, such as maximizing diversity for a given level of landscape use by threatened species. Managers can use these trade-off results to determine which landscape compositions are associated with particular conservation and management priorities. C1 [Grundel, Ralph; Pavlovic, Noel B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Grundel, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rgrundel@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01422.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254AJ UT WOS:000252558400034 ER PT J AU Cole, KL Fisher, J Arundel, ST Cannella, J Swift, S AF Cole, Kenneth L. Fisher, Jessica Arundel, Samantha T. Cannella, John Swift, Sandra TI Geographical and climatic limits of needle types of one- and two-needled pinyon pines SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate modelling; needle anatomy; Pinus edulis; Pinus monophylla; pinyon pines; species climate window; western North America. ID PLANTS; ARIZONA; HISTORY; FOSSIL AB Aim The geographical extent and climatic tolerances of one- and two-needled pinyon pines (Pinus subsect. Cembroides) are the focus of questions in taxonomy, palaeoclimatology and modelling of future distributions. The identification of these pines, traditionally classified by one- versus two-needled fascicles, is complicated by populations with both one- and two-needled fascicles on the same tree, and the description of two more recently described one-needled varieties: the fallax-type and californiarum-type. Because previous studies have suggested correlations between needle anatomy and climate, including anatomical plasticity reflecting annual precipitation, we approached this study at the level of the anatomy of individual pine needles rather than species. Location Western North America. Methods We synthesized available and new data from field and herbarium collections of needles to compile maps of their current distributions across western North America. Annual frequencies of needle types were compared with local precipitation histories for some stands. Historical North American climates were modelled on a c. 1-km grid using monthly temperature and precipitation values. A geospatial model (ClimLim), which analyses the effect of climate-modulated physiological and ecosystem processes, was used to rank the importance of seasonal climate variables in limiting the distributions of anatomical needle types. Results The pinyon needles were classified into four distinct types based upon the number of needles per fascicle, needle thickness and the number of stomatal rows and resin canals. The individual needles fit well into four categories of needle types, whereas some trees exhibit a mixture of two needle types. Trees from central Arizona containing a mixture of Pinus edulis and fallax-type needles increased their percentage of fallax-type needles following dry years. All four needle types occupy broader geographical regions with distinctive precipitation regimes. Pinus monophylla and californiarum-type needles occur in regions with high winter precipitation. Pinus edulis and fallax-type needles are found in regions with high monsoon precipitation. Areas supporting californiarum-type and fallax-type needle distributions are additionally characterized by a more extreme May-June drought. Main conclusions These pinyon needle types seem to reflect the amount and seasonality of precipitation. The single needle fascicle characterizing the fallax type may be an adaptation to early summer or periodic drought, while the single needle of Pinus monophylla may be an adaptation to summer-autumn drought. Although the needles fit into four distinct categories, the parent trees are sometimes less easily classified, especially near their ancestral Pleistocene ranges in the Mojave and northern Sonoran deserts. The abundance of trees with both one- and two-needled fascicles in the zones between P. monophylla, P. edulis and fallax-type populations suggest that needle fascicle number is an unreliable characteristic for species classification. Disregarding needle fascicle number, the fallax-type needles are nearly identical to P. edulis, supporting Little's (1968) initial classification of these trees as P. edulis var. fallax, while the californiarum-type needles have a distinctive morphology supporting Bailey's (1987) classification of this tree as Pinus californiarum. C1 [Cole, Kenneth L.] USGS, SE Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Cole, Kenneth L.; Fisher, Jessica] No Arizona Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Arundel, Samantha T.; Cannella, John] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Recreat, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Cannella, John] Flagstaff Area Natl Monuments, Natl Pk Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. [Cole, Kenneth L.; Swift, Sandra] No Arizona Univ, Quaternary Sci Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Cole, KL (reprint author), USGS, SE Biol Sci Ctr, PO Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM ken_cole@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01786.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 251TA UT WOS:000252396600008 ER PT J AU Belchansky, GI Douglas, DC Platonov, NG AF Belchansky, G. I. Douglas, D. C. Platonov, N. G. TI Fluctuating arctic sea ice thickness changes estimated by an in situ learned and empirically forced neural network model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FRAM STRAIT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MELT SEASON; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; OCEAN; OSCILLATION; EXTENT; COVER AB Sea ice thickness (SIT) is a key parameter of scientific interest because understanding the natural spatiotemporal variability of ice thickness is critical for improving global climate models. In this paper, changes in Arctic SIT during 1982-2003 are examined using a neural network (NN) algorithm trained with in situ submarine ice draft and surface drilling data. For each month of the study period, the NN individually estimated SIT of each ice-covered pixel (25-km resolution) based on seven geophysical parameters (four shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes, surface air temperature, ice drift velocity, and ice divergence/convergence) that were cumulatively summed at each monthly position along the pixel's previous 3-yr drift track (or less if the ice was <3 yr old). Average January SIT increased during 1982-88 in most regions of the Arctic (+7.6 +/- 0.9 cm yr(-1)), decreased through 1996 Arctic-wide (-6.1 +/- 1.2 cm yr(-1)), then modestly increased through 2003 mostly in the central Arctic (+2.1 +/- 0.6 cm yr(-1)). Net ice volume change in the Arctic Ocean from 1982 to 2003 was negligible, indicating that cumulative ice growth had largely replaced the estimated 45 000 km(3) of ice lost by cumulative export. Above 65 degrees N, total annual ice volume and interannual volume changes were correlated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) at decadal and annual time scales, respectively. Late-summer ice thickness and total volume varied proportionally until the mid-1990s, but volume did not increase commensurate with the thickening during 1996-2002. The authors speculate that decoupling of the ice thickness-volume relationship resulted from two opposing mechanisms with different latitudinal expressions: a recent quasi-decadal shift in atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the AO's neutral state facilitated ice thickening at high latitudes while anomalously warm thermal forcing thinned and melted the ice cap at its periphery. C1 [Douglas, D. C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Belchansky, G. I.; Platonov, N. G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol, Space Monitoring & Informat Syst Sector, Moscow, Russia. RP Douglas, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 3100 Natl Pk Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ddouglas@usgs.gov NR 67 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 716 EP 729 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1787.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 263VQ UT WOS:000253245000008 ER PT J AU Goodman, DH Reid, SB Docker, MF Haas, GR Kinziger, AP AF Goodman, D. H. Reid, S. B. Docker, M. F. Haas, G. R. Kinziger, A. P. TI Mitochondrial DNA evidence for high levels of gene flow among populations of a widely distributed anadromous lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus (Petromyzontidae) SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Entosphenus tridentatus; genetic variation; Lampetra tridentata; mitochondrial DNA; Pacific lamprey; phylogeography ID PACIFIC LAMPREY; SEA LAMPREY; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; GLACIAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; SALMON POPULATIONS; ATLANTIC SALMON; NORTH-AMERICAN; CHINOOK SALMON; BILE-ACIDS AB Mitochondrial DNA variation among 1246 individuals of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) from 81 populations spanning 2600 km from the Skeena River, British Columbia, to the Ventura River, California, was surveyed using five restriction enzymes. A total of 29 composite haplotypes was detected in two gene fragments (ND2 and ND5). The three most common haplotypes, occurring in 91% of all samples, were present at similar frequencies in all regions. Samples were divided into six biogeographic regions based on sample distribution and geographical landmarks to assess geographic genetic structure. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 99% of the genetic variation was explained by variability within drainages. The lack of geographical population structure is likely related to a life-history pattern that includes a prolonged larval freshwater stage, migration to oceanic feeding and return to fresh water to spawn. The lack of strong natal homing apparently promotes gene flow among drainages and regions. (C) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Goodman, D. H.; Kinziger, A. P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Reid, S. B.] Western Fishes, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Docker, M. F.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Haas, G. R.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Goodman, DH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Field Off, 1655 Heindorn Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM damon_goodman@fws.gov NR 60 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 400 EP 417 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01731.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 272IF UT WOS:000253852400005 ER PT J AU Haukenes, AH Barton, BA Bollig, H AF Haukenes, A. H. Barton, B. A. Bollig, H. TI Cortisol responses of pallid sturgeon and yellow perch following challenge with lipopolysaccharide SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; lipopolysaccharide; stress; sturgeon; yellow perch ID PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; FRESH-WATER; STRESS AB Plasma cortisol responses of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and yellow perch Perca flavescens following injection with equal doses of lipopolysaccharide were compared. Concentrations of cortisol in plasma from pallid sturgeon did not change following injection (6.0-11.0 v. 6.4 ng l(-1) pre-stress) while in yellow perch plasma they were shown to increase up to 6 h (117.0 v. 9.8 ng l(-1) pre-stress) after the injection. These results are consistent with other reports for pallid sturgeon that illustrate a reduced cortisol response following other applied stressors relative to teleosts and suggest differences in the expression and regulation of their inflammatory responses. (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Haukenes, A. H.; Barton, B. A.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Bollig, H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gavins Point Natl Fish Hatchery, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Haukenes, AH (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, 1200 n Univ Dr,Mail Stop 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71603 USA. EM ahaukenes@uaex.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 780 EP 784 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01730.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 260BL UT WOS:000252985700029 ER PT J AU Ganju, NK Knowles, N Schoellhamer, DH AF Ganju, Neil K. Knowles, Noah Schoellhamer, David H. TI Temporal downscaling of decadal sediment load estimates to a daily interval for use in hindcast simulations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment loads; downscaling; hydrograph analogues; morphological hydrograph ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; FLOW; CALIFORNIA; STREAMFLOW; SACRAMENTO; DISCHARGE; ESTUARY; RIVERS AB In this study we used hydrologic proxies to develop a daily sediment load time-series, which agrees with decadal sediment load estimates, when integrated. Hindcast simulations of bathymetric change in estuaries require daily sediment loads from major tributary rivers, to capture the episodic delivery of sediment during multi-day freshwater flow pulses. Two independent decadal sediment load estimates are available for the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta, California prior to 1959, but they must be downscaled to a daily interval for use in hindcast models. Daily flow and sediment load data to the Delta are available after 1930 and 119 9, respectively, but bathymetric change simulations for San Francisco Bay prior to this require a method to generate daily sediment load estimates into the Delta. We used two historical proxies, monthly rainfall and unimpaired flow magnitudes, to generate monthly unimpaired flows to the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta for the 1851-1929 period. This step generated the shape of the monthly hydrograph. These historical monthly flows were compared to unimpaired monthly flows from the modern era (1967-1987), and a Least-squares metric selected a modern water year analogue for each historical water year. The daily hydrograph for the modern analogue was then assigned to the historical year and scaled to match the flow volume estimated by dendrochronology methods, providing the correct total flow for the year. We applied a sediment rating curve to this time-series of daily flows, to generate daily sediment loads for 1851-1958. The rating curve was calibrated with the two independent decadal sediment load estimates, over two distinct periods. This novel technique retained the timing and magnitude of freshwater flows and sediment loads, without damping variability or net sediment loads to San Francisco Bay. The time-series represents the hydraulic mining period with sustained periods of increased sediment loads, and a dramatic decrease after 1910, corresponding to a reduction in available mining debris. The analogue selection procedure also permits exploration of the morphological hydrograph concept, where a limited set of hydrographs is used to simulate the same bathymetric change as. the actual set of hydrographs. The final daily sediment load time-series and morphological hydrograph concept will be applied as landward boundary conditions for hindcasting simulations of bathymetric change in San Francisco Bay. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ganju, Neil K.; Schoellhamer, David H.] US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Knowles, Noah] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ganju, NK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pl Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM nganju@usgs.gov RI Ganju, Neil/P-4409-2014; OI Ganju, Neil/0000-0002-1096-0465 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 349 IS 3-4 BP 512 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.026 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 263LZ UT WOS:000253219900021 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Ralph, FM Wick, GA Lundquist, JD Dettinger, MD AF Neiman, Paul J. Ralph, F. Martin Wick, Gary A. Lundquist, Jessica D. Dettinger, Michael D. TI Meteorological characteristics and overland precipitation impacts of atmospheric rivers affecting the West Coast of North America based on eight years of SSM/I satellite observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE IMAGER SSM/I; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WATER-VAPOR; ALGORITHM; RAINFALL; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; CALJET; SEASON; WINTER AB The pre-cold-frontal low-level jet within oceanic extratropical cyclones represents the lower-tropospheric component of a deeper corridor of concentrated water vapor transport in the cyclone warm sector. These corridors are referred to as atmospheric rivers (ARs) because they are narrow relative to their length scale and are responsible for most of the poleward water vapor transport at midlatitudes. This paper investigates landfalling ARs along adjacent north- and south-coast regions of western North America. Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) satellite observations of long, narrow plumes of enhanced integrated water vapor (IWV) were used to detect ARs just offshore over the eastern Pacific from 1997 to 2005. The north coast experienced 301 AR days, while the south coast had only 115. Most ARs occurred during the warm season in the north and cool season in the south, despite the fact that the cool season is climatologically wettest for both regions. Composite SSM/I IWV analyses showed landfalling wintertime ARs extending northeastward from the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas the summertime composites were zonally oriented and, thus, did not originate from this region of the tropics. Companion SSM/I composites of daily rainfall showed significant orographic enhancement during the landfall of winter (but not summer) ARs. The NCEP-NCAR global reanalysis dataset and regional precipitation networks were used to assess composite synoptic characteristics and overland impacts of landfalling ARs. The ARs possess strong vertically integrated horizontal water vapor fluxes that, on average, impinge on the West Coast in the precold-frontal environment in winter and post-cold-frontal environment in summer. Even though the IWV in the ARs is greater in summer, the vapor flux is stronger in winter due to much stronger flows associated with more intense storms. The landfall of ARs in winter and north-coast summer coincides with anomalous warmth, a trough offshore, and ridging over the Intermountain West, whereas the south-coast summer ARs coincide with relatively cold conditions and a near-coast trough. ARs have a much more profound impact on near-coast precipitation in winter than summer, because the terrain-normal vapor flux is stronger and the air more nearly saturated in winter. During winter, ARs produce roughly twice as much precipitation as all storms. In addition, wintertime ARs with the largest SSM/I IWV are tied to more intense storms with stronger flows and vapor fluxes, and more precipitation. ARs generally increase snow water equivalent (SWE) in autumn/winter and decrease SWE in spring. On average, wintertime SWE exhibits normal gains during north-coast AR storms and above-normal gains during the south-coast AR storms. The north-coast sites are mostly lower in altitude, where warmer-than-normal conditions more frequently yield rain. During those events when heavy rain from a warm AR storm falls on a preexisting snowpack, flooding is more likely to occur. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lundquist, Jessica D.] NOAA, ESRL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dettinger, Michael D.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paut.j.neiman@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 167 Z9 168 U1 9 U2 42 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 22 EP 47 DI 10.1175/2007JHM855.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 264UZ UT WOS:000253317200002 ER PT J AU Andreadis, KM Liang, D Tsang, L Lettenmaier, DP Josberger, EG AF Andreadis, Konstantinos M. Liang, Ding Tsang, Leung Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Josberger, Edward G. TI Characterization of errors in a coupled snow hydrology-microwave emission model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER EQUIVALENT; DATA ASSIMILATION; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; SOIL; COVER; DEPTH; FIELD; APPROXIMATION; TEMPERATURE AB Traditional approaches to the direct estimation of snow properties from passive microwave remote sensing have been plagued by limitations such as the tendency of estimates to saturate for moderately deep snowpacks and the effects of mixed land cover within remotely sensed pixels. An alternative approach is to assimilate satellite microwave emission observations directly, which requires embedding an accurate microwave emissions model into a hydrologic prediction scheme, as well as quantitative information of model and observation errors. In this study a coupled snow hydrology [Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC)] and microwave emission [Dense Media Radiative Transfer (DMRT)] model are evaluated using multiscale brightness temperature (T-B) measurements from the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). The ability of VIC to reproduce snowpack properties is shown with the use of snow pit measurements, while T-B model predictions are evaluated through comparison with Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer (GBMR), aircraft [Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR)], and satellite [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E)] T-B measurements. Limitations of the model at the point scale were not as evident when comparing areal estimates. The coupled model was able to reproduce the T-B spatial patterns observed by PSR in two of three sites. However, this was mostly due to the presence of relatively dense forest cover. An interesting result occurs when examining the spatial scaling behavior of the higher-resolution errors; the satellite-scale error is well approximated by the mode of the (spatial) histogram of errors at the smaller scale. In addition, T-B prediction errors were almost invariant when aggregated to the satellite scale, while forest-cover fractions greater than 30% had a significant effect on T-B predictions. C1 [Andreadis, Konstantinos M.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Wilson Ceram Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Liang, Ding; Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Josberger, Edward G.] US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Andreadis, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Wilson Ceram Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kostas@hydro.washington.edu RI Liang, Ding/F-7460-2012; Liang, Ding/K-6959-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 NR 59 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1175/2007JHM885.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 264UZ UT WOS:000253317200009 ER PT J AU Gorresen, PM Miles, AC Todd, CM Bonaccorso, FJ Weller, TJ AF Gorresen, P. Marcos Miles, Adam C. Todd, Christopher M. Bonaccorso, Frank J. Weller, Theodore J. TI Assessing bat detectability and occupancy with multiple automated echolocation detectors SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic detection; Anabat; bat; detection probability; echolocation; occupancy; sampling design ID FORAGING HABITAT; SITE OCCUPANCY; BOREAL FOREST; PROBABILITIES; AVAILABILITY; POPULATIONS; DESIGN; RATES AB Occupancy analysis and its ability to account for differential detection probabilities is important for studies in which detecting echolocation calls is used as a measure of bat occurrence and activity. We examined the feasibility of remotely acquiring bat encounter histories to estimate detection probability and occupancy. We used echolocation detectors coupled to digital recorders operating at a series of proximate sites on consecutive nights in 2 trial surveys for the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus). Our results confirmed that the technique is readily amenable for use in occupancy analysis. We also conducted a simulation exercise to assess the effects of sampling effort on parameter estimation. The results indicated that the precision and bias of parameter estimation were often more influenced by the number of sites sampled than number of visits. Acceptable accuracy often was not attained until at least 15 sites or 15 visits were used to estimate detection probability and occupancy. The method has significant potential for use in monitoring trends in bat activity and in comparative studies of habitat use. C1 [Gorresen, P. Marcos; Miles, Adam C.; Todd, Christopher M.; Bonaccorso, Frank J.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit,PACRC,UH Hilo, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. [Weller, Theodore J.] USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Gorresen, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit,PACRC,UH Hilo, Hawaii Natl Pk, Hilo, HI 96718 USA. EM nigorresen@usgs.gov RI Weller, Theodore/B-1091-2008 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 55 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-022.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266WJ UT WOS:000253467900002 ER PT J AU Reiter, ME Andersen, DE AF Reiter, Matthew E. Andersen, David E. TI Trends in abundance of collared lemmings near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE collared lemming; Dicrostonyx richardsoni; Manitoba; population cycles; synchrony ID BRANTA-BERNICLA-BERNICLA; DICROSTONYX-GROENLANDICUS; POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; CYCLES; TUNDRA; PREDATORS; DYNAMICS; GEESE; VOLES; FENNOSCANDIA AB Regular, multiannual cycles observed in the population abundance of small mammals in many arctic and subarctic ecosystems have stimulated substantial research, particularly among population ecologists. Hypotheses of mechanisms generating regular cycles include predator-prey interactions, limitation of food resources, and migration or dispersal, as well as abiotic factors such as cyclic climatic variation and environmental stochasticity. In 2004 and 2005, we used indirect methods to estimate trends in population size of Richardson's collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni) retrospectively, and evaluated the extent of synchrony between lemming populations at 2 coastal tundra study areas separated by approximately 60 km near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. We collected scars on willow plants (Salix) resulting from lemming feeding. Ages of scars ranged from 0 to 13 years at both study areas. Scar-age frequency appeared cyclic and we used nonlinear Poisson regression to model the observed scar-age frequency. Lemming populations cycled with 2.8-year periodicity and the phase of the cycle was synchronous between the 2 study areas. We suggest that our approach could be applied in multiple settings and may provide the most efficient way to gather data on small mammals across both space and time in a diversity of landscapes. C1 [Reiter, Matthew E.; Andersen, David E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Reiter, ME (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM reit0127@umn.edu NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-046.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266WJ UT WOS:000253467900017 ER PT J AU Lwanowicz, LR Iwanowicz, DD Pote, LM Blazer, VS Schill, WB AF Lwanowicz, Luke R. Iwanowicz, Deborah D. Pote, Linda M. Blazer, Vicki S. Schill, William B. TI Morphology and 18S rDNA of Henneguya gurlei (Myxosporea) from Ameiurus nebulosus (Siluriformes) in North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATFISH CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; PROLIFERATIVE GILL DISEASE; BROWN BULLHEAD; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-NEBULOSUS; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; SP MYXOZOA; MYXOBOLIDAE; SEQUENCE; RIVER AB Henneguya gurlei was isolated from Ameiurus nebulosus captured in North Carolina and redescribed using critical morphological features and 18S small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rDNA) gene sequence. Plasmodia are white, spherical, or subspherical, occur in clusters, measure up to 1.8 mm in length. and are located on the dorsal, pectoral, and anal fins. Histologically, plasmodia are located in the dermis and subdermally, and the larger cysts disrupt the melanocyte pigment layer. The spore body is lanceolate, 18.2 +/- 0.3 mu m (range 15.7-20.3) in length, and 5.4 +/- 0.1 mu m (range 3.8-6.1) in width in valvular view. The caudal appendages are 41.1 +/- 1.1 mu m (range 34.0-49.7) in length. Polar capsules are pyriform and of unequal size. The longer polar capsule measures 6.2 +/- 0.1 mu m (range 5.48-7.06), while the shorter is 5.7 +/- 0.1 mu m (range 4.8-6.4) in length. Polar capsule width is 1.2 +/- 0.03 mu m (range 1.0-1.54). The total length of the spore is 60.9 +/- 1.2 mu m (range 48.7-68.5). Morphologically, this species is similar to other species of Henneguya that are known to infect ictalurids. Based on SSU rDNA sequences, this species is most closely related to H. exilis and H. ictaluri, which infect Ictalurus punctatus. C1 [Lwanowicz, Luke R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Blazer, Vicki S.; Schill, William B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Iwanowicz, Deborah D.] Univ Georgia, Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pote, Linda M.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Lwanowicz, LR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM luke_iwanowicz@usgs.gov OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X; Iwanowicz, Luke/0000-0002-1197-6178 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1645/GE-1092.1 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700008 PM 18372621 ER PT J AU Klaver, RW Jenks, JA Deperno, CS Griffin, SL AF Klaver, Robert W. Jenks, Jonathan A. Deperno, Christopher S. Griffin, Steven L. TI Associating seasonal range characteristics with survival of female white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Black Hills; fuzzy classification; habitat use; Odocoileus virginianus; scale; South Dakota; survivorship; white-tailed deer ID FUZZY SET-THEORY; ROE DEER; HABITAT SELECTION; MULE DEER; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; POPULATION DELINEATION; CAPREOLUS-CAPREOLUS; RESOURCE SELECTION; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; POLAR BEARS AB Delineating populations is critical for understanding population dynamics and managing habitats. Our objective was to delineate subpopulations of migratory female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the central Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming, USA, on summer and winter ranges. We used fuzzy classification to assign radiocollared deer to subpopulations based on spatial location, characterized subpopulations by trapping sites, and explored relationships among survival of subpopulations and habitat variables. In winter, Kaplan-Meier estimates for subpopulations indicated 2 groups: high (S = 0.991 +/- 0.005 [x +/- SE]) and low (S = 0.968 +/- 0.007) weekly survivorship. Survivorship increased with basal area per hectare of trees, average diameter at breast height of trees, percent cover of slash, and total point-center quarter distance of trees. Cover of grass and forbs were less for the high survivorship than the lower survivorship group. In summer, deer were spaced apart with mixed associations among subpopulations. Habitat manipulations that promote or maintain large trees (i.e., basal area 14.8 m(2)/ha and average dbh of trees = 8.3 cm) would seem to improve adult survival of deer in winter. C1 [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Jenks, Jonathan A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Deperno, Christopher S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Res, Fisheries & Wildlife Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Griffin, Steven L.] S Dakota Dept Game Fish & Pk, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Klaver, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM bklaver@usgs.gov RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 NR 86 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.2192/2005-581 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 263IG UT WOS:000253210200002 ER PT J AU Carrera, R Ballard, W Gipson, P Kelly, BT Krausman, PR Wallace, MC Villalobos, C Wester, DB AF Carrera, Rogelio Ballard, Warren Gipson, Philip Kelly, Brian T. Krausman, Paul R. Wallace, Mark C. Villalobos, Carlos Wester, David B. TI Comparison of Mexican wolf and coyote diets in Arizona and New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arizona; Canis latrans; Canis lupus baileyi; coyote; diet; Mexican gray wolf; New Mexico ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHWESTERN MONTANA; SCAT DIAMETERS; FOOD-HABITS; WOLVES; MANITOBA; WINTER; ELK AB Interactions between wolves (Canis lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans) can have significant impacts on their distribution and abundance. We compared diets of recently translocated Mexican wolves (C. l. baileyi) with diets of resident coyotes in Arizona and New Mexico, USA. We systematically collected scats during 2000 and 2001. Coyote diet was composed mostly of mammalian species, followed by vegetation and insects. Elk (Cervus elaphus) was the most common item in coyote scats. Mexican wolf diet had a higher proportion of large mammals and fewer small mammals than coyote diet; however, elk was also the most common food item in Mexican wolf scats. Our results suggest that Mexican wolf diet was more similar to coyote diet than previously reported, but coyotes had more seasonal variation. Considering results in other areas, we expect that Mexican wolves will have a negative impact on coyotes through direct mortality and possibly competition. Reintroduction of Mexican wolves may have great impacts on communities by changing relationships among other predators and their prey. C1 [Carrera, Rogelio; Ballard, Warren; Wallace, Mark C.; Villalobos, Carlos; Wester, David B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Gipson, Philip] Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kelly, Brian T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Montana Field Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Krausman, Paul R.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Carrera, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM warren.ballard@ttu.edu RI Wallace, Mark/A-1263-2010 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 12 U2 52 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 376 EP 381 DI 10.2193/2007-012 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 263IG UT WOS:000253210200006 ER PT J AU Thompson, AK Samuel, MD Van Deelen, TR AF Thompson, Abbey K. Samuel, Michael D. Van Deelen, Timothy R. TI Alternative feeding strategies and potential disease transmission in Wisconsin white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE baiting; chronic wasting disease; disease transmission; fecal pellets; Odocoileus virginianus; supplemental feeding; white-tailed deer ID CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; PRION TRANSMISSION; MICHIGAN; HEMIONUS; SITES; SOIL; ELK AB We conducted experimental feeding using 3 feeding methods (pile, spread, trough) and 2 quantities (rationed, ad libitum) of shelled corn to compare deer activity and behavior with control sites and evaluate potential direct and indirect transmission of infectious disease in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in central Wisconsin, USA. Deer use was higher at 2 of the feeding sites than at natural feeding areas (P <= 0.02). Deer spent a higher proportion of time (P < 0.01) feeding at pile (49%) and spread (61%) treatments than at natural feeding areas (36%). We found higher deer use for rationed than ad libitum feeding quantities and feeding intensity was greatest at rationed piles and lowest at ad libitum spreads. We also observed closer pairwise distances (<= 0.3 m) among deer when corn was provided in a trough relative to spread (P= 0.03). Supplemental feeding poses risks for both direct and indirect disease transmission due to higher deer concentration and more intensive use relative to control areas. Concentrated feeding and contact among deer at feeding sites can also increase risk for disease transmission. Our results indicated that restrictions on feeding quantity would not mitigate the potential for disease transmission. None of the feeding strategies we evaluated substantially reduced the potential risk for disease transmission and banning supplemental feeding to reduce transmission is warranted. C1 [Thompson, Abbey K.; Van Deelen, Timothy R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, Michael D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Thompson, AK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdsamuel@wisc.edu NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 416 EP 421 DI 10.2193/2006-543 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 263IG UT WOS:000253210200012 ER PT J AU Meunier, J Song, R Lutz, RS Andersen, DE Doherfy, KE Bruggink, JG Oppelt, E AF Meunier, Jed Song, Rui Lutz, R. Scott Andersen, David E. Doherfy, Kevin E. Bruggink, John G. Oppelt, Eileen TI Proximate cues for a short-distance migratory species: an application of survival analysis SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American woodcock; Great Lakes region; migration chronology; Scolopax minor; survival analysis ID FALL MIGRATION; WEATHER; WOODCOCK; REGION AB Investigation of bird migration has often highlighted the importance of external factors in determining timing of migration. However, little distinction has been made between short- and long-distance migrants and between local and flight birds (passage migrants) in describing migration chronology. In addition, measures of food abundance as a proximate factor influencing timing of migration are lacking in studies of migration chronology. To address the relationship between environmental variables and timing of migration, we quantified the relative importance of proximate external factors on migration chronology of local American woodcock (Scolopax minor), a short distance migrant, using event-time analysis methods (survival analysis). We captured 1,094 woodcock local to our study sites in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin (USA) during autumn 2002-2004 and documented 786 departure dates for these birds. Photoperiod appeared to provide an initial proximate cue for timing of departure. Moon phase was important in modifying timing of departure, which may serve as a navigational aid in piloting and possibly orientation. Local synoptic weather variables also contributed to timing of departure by changing the rate of departure from our study sites. We found no evidence that food availability influenced timing of woodcock departure. Our results suggest that woodcock use a conservative photoperiod-controlled strategy with proximate modifiers for timing of migration rather than relying on abundance of their primary food, earthworms. Managing harvest pressure on local birds by adjusting season lengths may be an effective management tool with consistent migration patterns from year to year based on photoperiod. C1 [Meunier, Jed; Lutz, R. Scott] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Song, Rui] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Andersen, David E.; Doherfy, Kevin E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, US Geol Survey, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bruggink, John G.; Oppelt, Eileen] No Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Meunier, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jmeunier@lamar.colostate.edu NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 440 EP 448 DI 10.2193/2006-521 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 263IG UT WOS:000253210200016 ER PT J AU Murray, LD Ribic, CA Thogmartin, WE AF Murray, Les D. Ribic, Christine A. Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Relationship of obligate, grassland birds to landscape structure in Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; bird; composition; conservation; grassland; habitat; landscape; Wisconsin ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; AREA; SUCCESS; MODELS AB Conservation plans for grassland birds have included recommendations at the landscape level, but species' responses to landscape structure are variable. We studied the relationships between grassland bird abundances and landscape structure in 800-ha landscapes in Wisconsin, USA, using roadside surveys. Of 9 species considered, abundances of only 4 species differed among landscapes with varying amounts of grassland and forest. Landscape variables explained <20% of variation in abundances for 4 of the 5 rarest species in our study. Our results suggest landscape-based management plans for grassland birds might not benefit the rarest species and, thus, plans should incorporate species-specific habitat preferences for these species. C1 [Murray, Les D.; Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Thogmartin, Wayne E.] Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Murray, LD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM murray.445@osu.edu RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008 OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.2193/2006-556 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 263IG UT WOS:000253210200018 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CC Haroldson, MA Cherry, S Keating, KA AF Schwartz, Charles C. Haroldson, Mark A. Cherry, Steve Keating, Kim A. TI Evaluation of rules to distinguish unique female grizzly bears with cubs in Yellowstone SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cub; female; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; grizzly bear; mortality limits; population estimation; Ursus arctos ID OF-THE-YEAR; BASICS RIGHT; POPULATION; NUMBERS; SIZE; NEED AB The United States Fish and Wildlife Service uses counts of undupticated female grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) with cubs-of-the-year to establish Emits of sustainable mortality in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. Sightings are clustered into observations of unique bears based on an empirically derived rule set. The method has never been tested or verified. To evaluate the rule set, we used data from radiocollared females obtained during 1975-2004 to simulate populations under varying densities, distributions, and sighting frequencies. We tested individual rules and rule-set performance, using custom software to apply the rule-set and cluster sightings. Results indicated most rules were violated to some degree, and rule-based clustering consistently underestimated the minimum number of females and total population size derived from a nonparametric estimator (Chao2). We conclude that the current rule set returns conservative estimates, but with minor improvements, counts of unduplicated females-with-cubs can serve as a reasonable index of population size useful for establishing annual mortality limits. For the Yellowstone population, the index is more practical and cost-effective than capture-mark-recapture using either DNA hair snagging or aerial surveys with radiomarked bears. The method has useful application in other ecosystems, but we recommend rules used to distinguish unique females be adapted to local conditions and tested. C1 [Schwartz, Charles C.; Haroldson, Mark A.; Keating, Kim A.] Montana State Univ, Northern Rocky Mountain Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Grizzly Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cherry, Steve] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Schwartz, CC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Northern Rocky Mountain Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Grizzly Bear Study Team,Forestry Sci Lab, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 543 EP 554 DI 10.2193/2007-259 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 263IG UT WOS:000253210200028 ER PT J AU Wieczorek, G Hungr, O AF Wieczorek, G. Hungr, O. TI Theme issue: Debris flow hazards - Preface SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wieczorek, G.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Hungr, O.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Wieczorek, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM gwieczor@usgs.gov; ohungr@eos.ubc.ca NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD FEB PY 2008 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s10346-007-0100-5 PG 1 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 263KD UT WOS:000253215100001 ER PT J AU Gartner, JV Sulak, KJ Ross, SW Necaise, AM AF Gartner, John V., Jr. Sulak, Kenneth J. Ross, Steve W. Necaise, Ann Marie TI Persistent near-bottom aggregations of mesopelagic animals along the North Carolina and Virginia continental slopes SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; EASTERN GULF; LANTERNFISHES PISCES; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CAPE-HATTERAS; IONIAN SEA; MYCTOPHIDAE; BATHYAL; FAUNA AB Submersible observations during four missions over the North Carolina and Virginia continental slopes (184-900 m) documented the occurrence of large aggregations of mesopelagic fishes and macronektonic invertebrates near or on the bottom. Aggregated mesopelagics formed a layer up to tens of meters deep positioned from a few centimeters to 20 m, usually < 10 m, above the substrate. Aggregations were numerically dominated by microvores, notably the myctophid fish Ceratoscopelus maderensis and the penaeid shrimp Sergestes arcticus. Consistently present but in relatively lower numbers, were mesopelagic predators, including the paralepidids Notolepis rissoi and Lestidium atlanticum, the eel Nemichthys scolopaceus, the stomiid fishes Chauliodus sloani and Stomias boa ferox, and squids Illex spp. Near-bottom aggregations do not appear to be an artifact due to attraction to the submersible. Based on submersible observations in three areas in 4 years spanning a decade, near-bottom aggregations of midwater organisms appear to be a geographically widespread and persistent phenomenon along the continental slope of the southeastern US Aggregations may exploit areas of enhanced food resources at the bottom. C1 [Gartner, John V., Jr.] St Petersburg Coll, Nat Sci Dept SP G, St Petersburg 33711, Russia. [Sulak, Kenneth J.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Ross, Steve W.; Necaise, Ann Marie] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. RP Gartner, JV (reprint author), St Petersburg Coll, Nat Sci Dept SP G, 6605 5th Ave N, St Petersburg 33711, Russia. EM gartner.jack@spcollege.edu; ken_sulak@usgs.gov; rosss@uncw.edu NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 153 IS 5 BP 825 EP 841 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0855-1 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 258NV UT WOS:000252875500008 ER PT J AU Monteiro, LVS Xavier, RP de Carvalho, ER Hitzman, MW Johnson, CA de Souza, CR Torresi, I AF Monteiro, Lena V. S. Xavier, Roberto P. de Carvalho, Emerson R. Hitzman, Murray W. Johnson, Craig A. de Souza Filho, Carlos Roberto Torresi, Igndcio TI Spatial and temporal zoning of hydrothermal alteration and mineralization in the Sossego iron oxide-copper-gold deposit, Caraja's Mineral Province, Brazil: paragenesis and stable isotope constraints SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Brazilian Symposium on Metallogeny CY MAY, 2005 CL Gramado, BRAZIL DE Sossego; iron oxide-Cu-Au deposits; alteration zoning; stable isotopes; Carajas mineral province; Brazil ID EXPERIMENTAL HYDROGEN ISOTOPE; U-PB CONSTRAINTS; CU-AU DEPOSIT; CLONCURRY DISTRICT; NORTHWEST QUEENSLAND; NORTHERN BRAZIL; SULFUR ISOTOPE; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY AB The Sossego iron oxide-copper-gold deposit (245 Mt @ 1.1% Cu, 0.28 g/t Au) in the Carajas Mineral Province of Brazil consists of two major groups of orebodies (Pista-Sequeirinho-Baiano and Sossego-Curral) with distinct alteration assemblages that are separated from each other by a major high angle fault. The deposit is located along a regional WNW-ESE-striking shear zone that defines the contact between metavolcano-sedimentary units of the similar to 2.76 Ga Itacaiunas Supergroup and tonalitic to trondhjemitic gneisses and migmatites of the similar to 2.8 Ga Xingu Complex. The deposit is hosted by granite, granophyric granite, gabbro, and felsic metavolcanic rocks. The Pista-Sequeirinho-Baiano orebodies have undergone regional sodic (albite-hematite) alteration and later sodic-calcic (actinolite-rich) alteration associated with the formation of massive magnetite-(apatite) bodies. Both these alteration assemblages display ductile to ductile-brittle fabrics. They are cut by spatially restricted zones of potassic (biotite and potassium feldspar) alteration that grades outward to chlorite-rich assemblages. The Sossego-Curral orebodies contain weakly developed early albitic alteration and very poorly developed subsequent calcic-sodic alteration. These orebodies contain well-developed potassic alteration assemblages that were formed during brittle deformation that resulted in the formation of breccia bodies. Breccia matrix commonly displays coarse mineral infill suggestive of growth into open space. Sulfides in both groups of deposits were precipitated first with potassic alteration and more importantly with a later assemblage of calcite-quartz-epidote-chlorite. In the Sequeirinho orebodies, sulfides range from undeformed to deformed; sulfides in the Sossego-Curral orebodies are undeformed. Very late, weakly mineralized hydrolytic alteration is present in the Sossego/Currral orebodies. The sulfide assemblage is dominated by chalcopyrite with subsidiary siegenite, and millerite. Pyrrhotite and pyrite are minor constituents of ore in the Sequerinho orebodies while pyrite is relatively abundant in the Sossego-Curral bodies. Oxygen isotope partitioning between mineral pairs constrains temperatures in the deposit spatially and through time. In the Sequeirinho orebody, the early sodic-calcic alteration stage was characterized by temperatures exceeding 500 degrees C and delta O-18(H2O) values for the alteration fluid of 6.9 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand. Temperature declines outward and upward from the zone of most intense alteration. Paragenetically later copper-gold mineralization displays markedly lower temperatures (<300 degrees C) and was characterized by the introduction of O-18-depleted hydrothermal fluids -1.8 +/- 3.4 parts per thousand. The calculated delta D-H2O and delta O-18(H2O) values suggest that the fluids that formed the early calcic-sodic alteration assemblage were of formational/metamorphic or magmatic origin. The decrease of delta O-18(H2O) values through time may reflect influx of surficially derived waters during later alteration and mineralization events. Influx of such fluids could be related to episodic fluid overpressure, resulting in dilution and cooling of the metalliferous fluid, causing deposition of metals transported as metal chloride complexes. C1 [Johnson, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hitzman, Murray W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Monteiro, Lena V. S.; Xavier, Roberto P.; de Carvalho, Emerson R.; de Souza Filho, Carlos Roberto; Torresi, Igndcio] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Geociencias, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Monteiro, LVS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Geociencias, R Joao Pandia Calogeras 51, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM lena@ige.unicamp.br RI Monteiro, Lena/E-5887-2012 OI Monteiro, Lena/0000-0003-3999-026X NR 115 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0026-4598 EI 1432-1866 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 129 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s00126-006-0121-3 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 273AQ UT WOS:000253903200003 ER PT J AU Jones, BF Herman, JS AF Jones, B. F. Herman, J. S. TI Geochemical investigation of weathering processes in a forested headwater catchment: mass-balance weathering fluxes SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-8) CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND SP Mineral Soc Great Britain & Ireland, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem Working Grp Geochem Earths Surface, Nat Hist Museum ID WATERSHEDS AB Geochemical research on natural weathering has often been directed towards explanations of the chemical composition of surface water and ground water resulting from subsurface water-rock interactions. These interactions are often defined as the incongruent dissolution of primary silicates, such as feldspar, producing secondary weathering products, such as clay minerals and oxyhydroxides, and solute fluxes (Meunier and Velde, 1979). The chemical composition of the clay-mineral product is often ignored. However, in earlier investigations, the saprolitic weathering profile at the South Fork Brokenback Run (SFBR) watershed, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, was characterized extensively in terms of its mineralogical and chemical composition (Piccoli, 1987; Pochatila et al, 2006; Jones et al., 2007) and its basic hydrology. O'Brien et al. (1997) attempted to determine the contribution of primary mineral weathering to observed stream chemistry at SFBR. Mass-balance model results, however, could provide only a rough estimate of the weathering reactions because idealized mineral compositions were utilized in the calculations. Making use of detailed information on the mineral occurrence in the regolith, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of compositional variation oil mineral-solute mass-balance modelling and to generate plausible quantitative weathering reactions that support both the chemical evolution of the surface water and ground water in the catchment, as well as the mineralogical evolution of the weathering profile. C1 [Jones, B. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Herman, J. S.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Jones, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bfjones@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC PI TWICKENHAM PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.65 PG 5 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 344RV UT WOS:000258945900016 ER PT J AU White, AF Schulz, MS Stonestrom, DA Vivit, DV Fitzpatrick, J Bullen, T AF White, A. F. Schulz, M. S. Stonestrom, D. A. Vivit, D. V. Fitzpatrick, J. Bullen, T. TI Solute profiles in soils, weathering gradients and exchange equilibrium/disequilibrium SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-8) CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND SP Mineral Soc Great Britain & Ireland, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem Working Grp Geochem Earths Surface, Nat Hist Museum ID SANTA-CRUZ; RATES; CALIFORNIA AB The spatial and temporal changes in hydrology and pore water elemental and Sr-87/96 compositions were used to determine contemporary weathering rates in a 65 to 226 ky old soil chronosequence formed from granitic sediments deposited on marine terraces along coastal California. Cl-corrected Na, K and Si increased with depth denoting inputs from the weathering of plagioclase and K-feldspar. Solute Sr-87/86 exhibited progressive mixing of sea water-dominated precipitation with inputs from less radiogenic plagioclase. Linear approximations to these weathering gradients were used to determine plagioclase weathering rates of between 0.38 and 8.9 x 10(-15) moles m(-2) S-1. The lack of corresponding weathering gradients for Ca and Sr indicated short-term equilibrium with the clay ion exchange pool which requires periodic resetting by natural perturbations to maintain continuity, in spite of soil composition changes reflecting the effects of long-term weathering. C1 [White, A. F.; Schulz, M. S.; Stonestrom, D. A.; Vivit, D. V.; Fitzpatrick, J.; Bullen, T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP White, AF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; Schulz, Marjorie/0000-0001-5597-6447 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC PI TWICKENHAM PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.149 PG 5 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 344RV UT WOS:000258945900033 ER PT J AU Lev, SM Landa, ER Szlavecz, K Casey, R Snodgrass, J AF Lev, S. M. Landa, E. R. Szlavecz, K. Casey, R. Snodgrass, J. TI Application of synchrotron methods to assess the uptake of roadway-derived Zn by earthworms in an urban soil SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-8) CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND SP Mineral Soc Great Britain & Ireland, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem Working Grp Geochem Earths Surface, Nat Hist Museum DE earthworms; zinc; synchrotron; urban; soils ID LUMBRICUS-RUBELLUS AB The impact Of human activities on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial environments is nowhere more apparent than in urban landscapes. Trace metals, collected on roadways and transported by storm water, may contaminate soils and sediments associated with storm water management systems. These systems will accumulate metals and associated sediments may reach toxic levels for terrestrial and aquatic organisms using the retention basins as habitat. The Fate and bioavailability of these metals once deposited is poorly understood. Here we present results from a dose-response experiment that examines the application of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence methods (mu-SXRF) to test the hypothesis that earthworms will bio-accumulate Zn in a roadway-dust contaminated soil system providing a potential pathway for roadway contaminants into the terrestrial food web, and that the storage and distribution of Zn will change with the level of exposure reflecting the micronutrient status of Zn. Lumbricus friendi was exposed to Zn-bearing roadway dust amended to a field soil at six target concentrations ranging from background levels (45 mg/kg Zn) to highly contaminated levels (460 mg/ kg Zn) designed to replicate the observed concentration range in storm-water retention basin soils. After a 30 day exposure, Zn storage in the intestine is positively correlated with dose and there is a change in the pattern of Zn storage within the intestine. This relationship is only clear when mu-SXRF Zn map data is Coupled with a traditional toxicological approach, and Suggests that the gut concentration in L. friendi is a better indicator of Zn bioaccumulation and storage than the total body burden. C1 [Lev, S. M.; Casey, R.; Snodgrass, J.] Towson Univ, Urban Environm Biogeochem Lab, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Landa, E. R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Szlavecz, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Lev, SM (reprint author), Towson Univ, Urban Environm Biogeochem Lab, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM slev@towson.edu RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016; OI Casey, Ryan/0000-0001-9894-914X; Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC PI TWICKENHAM PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.191 PG 5 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 344RV UT WOS:000258945900041 ER PT J AU Valsami-Jones, E Berhanu, D Dybowska, A Misra, S Boccaccini, AR Tetley, TD Luoma, SN Plant, JA AF Valsami-Jones, E. Berhanu, D. Dybowska, A. Misra, S. Boccaccini, A. R. Tetley, T. D. Luoma, S. N. Plant, J. A. TI Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-8) CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND SP Mineral Soc Great Britain & Ireland, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem Working Grp Geochem Earths Surface, Nat Hist Museum DE nanomaterials; nanoparticles; anatase; rutile; TiO2; synthesis; toxicology; nanoform AB In recent years it has become apparent that the novel properties of nanomaterials may predispose them to a hitherto unknown potential for toxicity. A number of recent toxicological studies of nanomaterials exist, but these appear to be fragmented and often contradictory. Such discrepancies may be, at least in part, due to poor description of the nanomaterial or incomplete characterization, including failure to recognise impurities, surface modifications or other important physicochemical aspects of the nanomaterial. Here we make a case for the importance of good quality, well-characterized nanomaterials for future toxicological studies, combined with reliable synthesis protocols,and we present our efforts to generate such materials. The model system for which we present results is TiO2 nano-particles, currently used in a variety of commercial products. C1 [Valsami-Jones, E.; Berhanu, D.; Dybowska, A.; Misra, S.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Berhanu, D.; Misra, S.; Boccaccini, A. R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Berhanu, D.; Tetley, T. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London SW3 6LY, England. [Luoma, S. N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Luoma, S. N.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Plant, J. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Valsami-Jones, E (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM E.Valsami-Jones@nhm.ac.uk RI Boccaccini, Aldo/C-7905-2013; Tetley, Teresa/B-3288-2016; Valsami-Jones, Eva/I-1736-2016; OI Dybowska, Agnieszka/0000-0002-8927-0159 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC PI TWICKENHAM PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.515 PG 5 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 344RV UT WOS:000258945900111 ER EF