FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hagar, JC Dugger, KM Starkey, EE AF Hagar, Joan C. Dugger, Katie M. Starkey, Edward E. TI Arthropod prey of Wilson's Warblers in the understory of DOUGLAS-FIR forests SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD AVAILABILITY; BIRD COMMUNITIES; PARUS-MAJOR; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; OREGON AB Availability of food resources is an important factor in avian habitat selection. Food resources for terrestrial birds often are closely related to vegetation structure and composition. Identification of plant species important in supporting food resources may facilitate vegetation management to achieve objectives for providing bird habitat. We used fecal analysis to describe the diet of adult Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla) that foraged in the understory of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests in western Oregon during the breeding season. We sampled arthropods at the same sites where diet data were collected, and compared abundance and biomass of prey among seven common shrub species. Wilson's Warblers ate more caterpillars (Lepidoptera larvae), flies (Diptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and Homoptera than expected based on availability. Deciduous shrubs supported higher abundances of arthropod taxa and size classes used as prey by Wilson's Warblers than did evergreen shrubs. The development and maintenance of deciduous understory vegetation in conifer forests of the Pacific Northwest may be fundamental for conservation of food webs that support breeding Wilson's Warblers and other shrub-associated, insectivorous songbirds. C1 [Hagar, Joan C.; Starkey, Edward E.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hagar, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 777 NW 9th St,Ste 400, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM joan_hagar@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 533 EP 546 DI 10.1676/06-056.1 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 247WP UT WOS:000252113600002 ER PT J AU Actkinson, MA Kuvlesky, WR Boal, CW Brennan, LA Hernandez, F AF Actkinson, Michael A. Kuvlesky, William R., Jr. Boal, Clint W. Brennan, Leonard A. Hernandez, Fidel TI Nesting habitat relationships of sympatric crested caracaras, red-tailed Hawks, and white-tailed hawks in south Texas SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE CHARACTERISTICS; BREEDING BIOLOGY; VEGETATION AB We quantified nesting-site habitats for sympatric White-tailed Hawks (Buteo albicaudatus) (n = 40), Red-tailed Hawks (B. jamaicensis) (n = 39), and Crested Caracaras (Caracara cheriway) (n = 24) in the Coastal Sand Plain of south Texas. White-tailed Hawks and Crested Caracara nest sites occurred in savannas, whereas Red-tailed Hawk nest sites occurred in woodlands on the edge of savannas. White-tailed Hawk nest sites were in shrubs and trees that were shorter (3.5 +/- 1.0 in) and had smaller canopy diameters (5.5 +/- 2.1 m) than those of Red +/- tailed Hawks (10.1 +/- 2.0 in, 13.7 +/- 5.8 m) and Crested Caracaras (5.6 +/- 1.7 m, 8.5 +/- 3.5 m). Red +/- tailed Hawk nest sites had higher woody densities (15.7 +/- 9.6 plants) and more woody cover (84 +/- 19%) than those of White-tailed Hawks (5.6 +/- 5.8 plants, 20 +/- 21 %) and Crested Caracaras (9.9 6.7 plants, 55 34%). Crested Caracara nest sites were in dense, multi-branched shrubs composed of more living material (97 3%) than those of White-tailed (88 18%) and Red-tailed hawks (88 +/- 18%). Nest sites of White-tailed Hawks, Red-tailed Hawks, and Crested Caracaras were similar to random samples from the surrounding habitat indicating that preferred nesting habitat was available for each of these species at least within 60 m of active nest sites. Nest tree height, along with woody plant and native grass cover best discriminated nest sites among the three raptor species. There was no overlap at Red-tailed and White-tailed hawk nest sites in vegetation structure, while Crested Caracara nests were in habitat intermediate between the two other species. Partitioning of nesting habitat may be how these raptor species co-exist at the broader landscape scale of our study area in the Coastal Sand Plain of Texas. C1 [Actkinson, Michael A.; Kuvlesky, William R., Jr.; Brennan, Leonard A.; Hernandez, Fidel] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Kuvlesky, WR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM william.kuvlesky@tamuk.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 570 EP 578 DI 10.1676/06-083.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 247WP UT WOS:000252113600005 ER PT J AU Prather, JW Cruz, A Weaver, PF Wiley, JW AF Prather, John W. Cruz, Alexander Weaver, Pablo F. Wiley, James W. TI Effects of experimental egg composition on rejection by village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus) SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN BROOD PARASITISM; CUCULUS-CANORUS; PUNCTURE RESISTANCE; COWBIRD PARASITISM; POTENTIAL HOSTS; CUCKOO; RECOGNITION; DISCRIMINATION; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES AB We experimentally parasitized nests of the Village Weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) in Hispaniola using real and artificial eggs made from wood and modeling clay. Artificial eggs were similar in size and shape to real weaver eggs and were coated with acrylic paint and glazed. Real eggs were actual weaver eggs taken from Village Weaver nests. Experimental parasitic eggs (1) mimicked natural weaver eggs, (2) differed in color only, (3) differed in spotting only, or (4) mimicked Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) egg color and spotting pattern. Parasitized nests were checked after 2-6 days. Real eggs were ejected from weaver nests with increasing frequency as they became less similar to the eggs in the nest with cowbirds eggs having the highest rejection (81%). However, for artificial egg types there were no significant within-composition differences in patterns of rejection. Clay eggs were usually ejected from the nests, whereas nests containing wood eggs often ended empty, or with only the artificial egg remaining in the nest. These patterns may reflect the differential ability of weavers to recognize and remove foreign eggs of different compositions from their nests. Researchers undertaking egg-rejection experiments should use real eggs either in addition or in place of artificial eggs to assess the cost of rejection and the coevolutionary relationships between parasite and host. C1 [Cruz, Alexander; Weaver, Pablo F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wiley, James W.] Maryland Eastern Shore Univ, USGS, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Cruz, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alexander.cruz@colorado.edu NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 EI 1938-5447 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 703 EP 711 DI 10.1676/06-123.1 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 247WP UT WOS:000252113600018 ER PT J AU Boal, CW Estabrook, TS AF Boal, Clint W. Estabrook, Tracy S. TI Occurrence and condition of migrating Swainson's thrushes in the British Virgin Islands SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION TRENDS; BIRDS AB Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) migrate widely throughout North and Middle America. In the Caribbean, the species is known to occur only in the western-most Greater Antilles, and there only as a rare migrant. We captured and visually detected migrant Swainson's Thrushes beginning in 2000 at a banding station on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands. The majority of thrushes captured were adults (79%) and most had no (71%) or little fat (12%) reserves at time of capture; 61% were classified as being in emaciated or poor condition. The poor physiological conditions may have resulted from longer over water flights rather than island hopping. C1 [Boal, Clint W.] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Boal, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Nat Resources Management, MS-2120, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 716 EP 720 DI 10.1676/06-121.1 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 247WP UT WOS:000252113600021 ER PT J AU Lee, CTA Morton, DM Kistler, RW Baird, AK AF Lee, Cin-Ty Aeolus Morton, Douglas M. Kistler, Ronald W. Baird, Alexander K. TI Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: From island arcs to accretion and continental arc magmatism SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE continental crust; subduction; Peninsular Ranges; Sierra Nevada; garnet pyroxenite; granodiorite ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; LOWER CRUSTAL XENOLITHS; PENINSULAR RANGES; SUBDUCTION ZONES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; GRANITIC-ROCKS; ARCHEAN CRUST; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-MG AB Mesozoic continental arcs in the North American Cordillera were examined here to establish a baseline model for Phanerozoic continent formation. We combine new trace-element data on lower crustal xenoliths from the Mesozoic Sierra Nevada Batholith with an extensive grid-based geochemical map of the Peninsular Ranges Batholith, the southern equivalent of the Sierras. Collectively, these observations give a three-dimensional view of the crust, which permits the petrogenesis and tectonics of Phanerozoic crust formation to be linked in space and time. Subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America during the Triassic to early Cretaceous was characterized by trench retreat and slab rollback because old and cold oceanic lithosphere was being subducted. This generated an extensional subduction zone, which created fringing island arcs just off the Paleozoic continental margin. However, as the age of the Farallon plate at the time of subduction decreased, the extensional environment waned, allowing the fringing island arc to accrete onto the continental margin. With continued subduction, a continental arc was born and a progressively more compressional environment developed as the age of subducting slab continued to young. Refinement into a felsic crust occurred after accretion, that is, during the continental arc stage, wherein a thickened crustal and lithospheric column permitted a longer differentiation column. New basaltic arc magmas underplate and intrude the accreted terrane, suture, and former continental margin. Interaction of these basaltic magmas with pre-existing crust and lithospheric mantle created garnet pyroxenitic mafic cumulates by fractional crystallization at depth as well as gabbroic and garnet pyroxenitic restites at shallower levels by melting of pre-existing lower crust. The complementary felsic plutons formed by these deep-seated differentiation processes rose into the upper crust, stitching together the accreted terrane, suture and former continental margin. The mafic cumulates and restites, owing to their high densities, eventually foundered into the mantle, leaving behind a more felsic crust. Our grid-based sampling allows us to estimate an unbiased average upper crustal composition for the Peninsular Ranges Batholith. Major and trace-element compositions are very similar to global continental crust averaged over space and time, but in detail, the Peninsular Ranges are slightly lower in compatible to mildly incompatible elements, MgO, Mg#, V, Sc, Co, and Cr. The compositional similarities suggest a strong are component in global continental crust, but the slight discrepancies suggest that additional crust formation processes are also important in continent formation as a whole. Finally, the delaminated Sierran gamet pyroxenites have some of the lowest U/Pb ratios ever measured for silicate rocks. Such material, if recycled and stored in the deep mantle, would generate a reservoir with very unradiogenic Pb, providing one solution to the global Pb isotope paradox. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Geol Survey, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Pomona Coll, Dept Geol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Lee, CTA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, MS-126,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM ctlee@rice.edu; douglas.morton@ucr.edu; rkistler@mojave.wr.usgs.gov RI Lee, Cin-Ty/A-5469-2008 NR 74 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2007 VL 263 IS 3-4 BP 370 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.025 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 239LQ UT WOS:000251520200016 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Clifton, HE Buster, NA Peterson, RL Gelfenbaum, G AF Morton, Robert A. Clifton, H. Edward Buster, Noreen A. Peterson, Russell L. Gelfenbaum, Guy TI Forcing of large-scale cycles of coastal change at the entrance to Willapa Bay, Washington SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tidal inlets; coastal change; sediment transport; Holocene geology; barrier islands; beach erosion; external forces ID OREGON COAST; DEPOSITS; FACIES; VARIABILITY; SUBSIDENCE; SEDIMENTS; ESTUARY; SEA; USA AB Anomalous morphological features within large estuaries may be: (1) recorders of external forces that periodically overwhelm the normal morphodynamic responses to estuarine energy fluxes, and (2) possible predictors of cycles of future coastal change. At the entrance to Willapa Bay, Washington, chronic beach erosion and frequent coastal flooding are related to the historical northward channel migration that destroyed the protective sand spits of Cape Shoalwater. Northward channel migration since the late 1800s conforms to the long-term net sediment transport direction. What requires explanation is periodic southward relocation of the trunk channel by as much as 5 km, and attendant construction of moderately large sand spits on the north side of the bay such as Kindred Island, Tokeland Peninsula, and Cape Shoalwater. Both autocyclic and allocyclic processes may have been responsible for trunk channel realignment and associated spit deposition. Channel recycling may occur when the main channel becomes overextended to the north and the tidal flow is inefficient because of its decreased gradient and increased susceptibility to shoaling by the growth and migration of tidal sand ridges. Under those conditions trunk channel relocation would be facilitated by increased wave heights and water levels of El Nino winter storms. However, co-seismic subsidence is the most likely mechanism for abruptly increasing sand supply and longshore transport that would favor discrete periods of channel relocation and spit deposition. Unless external forcing changes sand supply and predominant sediment transport directions in the future, the relative rise in sea level, frequent winter storms, and local deficit in the sand budget assure that beach erosion will continue at the mouth of this large estuary. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Morton, Robert A.; Peterson, Russell L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Clifton, H. Edward; Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Buster, Noreen A.] ETI Profess Inc, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rmorton@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 28 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 1 BP 24 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.07.008 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 245JC UT WOS:000251929900003 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, Gregory J. Wolock, David M. TI Warming may create substantial water supply shortages in the Colorado River basin SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RESOURCES AB The high demand for water, the recent multiyear drought (1999 - 2007), and projections of global warming have raised questions about the long-term sustainability of water supply in the southwestern United States. In this study, the potential effects of specific levels of atmospheric warming on water-year streamflow in the Colorado River basin are evaluated using a water-balance model, and the results are analyzed within the context of a multi-century tree-ring reconstruction (1490 - 1998) of streamflow for the basin. The results indicate that if future warming occurs in the basin and is not accompanied by increased precipitation, then the basin is likely to experience periods of water supply shortages more severe than those inferred from the long-term historical tree-ring reconstruction. Furthermore, the modeling results suggest that future warming would increase the likelihood of failure to meet the water allocation requirements of the Colorado River Compact. Citation: McCabe, G. J., and D. M. Wolock ( 2007), Warming may create substantial water supply shortages in the Colorado River basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22708, doi: 10.1029/2007GL031764. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 9 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 22 AR L22708 DI 10.1029/2007GL031764 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 237AL UT WOS:000251344800007 ER PT J AU Mackie, PM Gharbi, K Ballantyne, JS McCormick, SD Wright, PA AF Mackie, Paula M. Gharbi, Karim Ballantyne, James S. McCormick, Stephen D. Wright, Patricia A. TI Na+/K+/2Cl(-) cotransporter and CFTR gill expression after seawater transfer in smolts (0(+)) of different Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) families SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE smoltification; osmoregulation; chloride cell; salinity tolerance; Salmo salar; NKCC ID NA+-K+-ATPASE; TELEOST FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BROWN TROUT; HYPOOSMOREGULATORY ABILITY; MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY; BRANCHIAL EPITHELIUM; SALINITY TRANSFER; CHLORIDE CELLS; ANION CHANNEL AB Smoltification involves morphological and physiological changes in the gills that prepare anadromous salmonids to osmoregulate efficiently in seawater. In a previous study, we found that different families of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts vary in their ability to osmoregulate when abruptly transferred to cold seawater and that these differences are correlated with gill Na+/K+ ATPase activity. Here we extend these findings to test whether other key transport proteins, namely Na+/K+/2Cl(-) contransporter (NKCC) and the Cl- channel or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), play a significant role in osmoregulatory differences between families. To facilitate molecular analysis of NKCC, we first isolated a gill cDNA containing the complete coding region (1147 aa) of an isoform previously reported as a partial sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this isoform is most closely related to isoforms of the NKCC I a subfamily found in European eel and Mozambique tilapia. In a second step, we quantified NKCC protein abundance as well as mRNA expression levels for NKCCl a and two CFTR isoforms (CFTRI and CFTRII) in 0+ smolts from three families prior to and following seawater transfer. The family with the lowest salinity tolerance also showed significant increases in gill NKCC I a mRNA after seawater transfer. Taken together with our previous study, these data indicate that family differences in expression of transport proteins are in part related to salinity tolerance, although the best indicator of osmoregulatory performance between families may be gill Na+/K+ ATPase activity and CFTR I mRNA levels, rather than Na+/K+ ATPase and NKCC I a mRNA levels or NKCC protein abundance. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USGS, Conte Anadromous Fis Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Wright, PA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM patwrigh@uoguelph.ca RI Gharbi, Karim/C-5771-2012 OI Gharbi, Karim/0000-0003-1092-4488 NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 625 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.08.032 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 238GM UT WOS:000251435400062 ER PT J AU Wysocki, LE Davidson, JW Smith, ME Frankel, AS Ellison, WT Mazik, PM Popper, AN Bebak, J AF Wysocki, Lidia E. Davidson, John W., III Smith, Michael E. Frankel, Adam S. Ellison, William T. Mazik, Patricia M. Popper, Arthur N. Bebak, Julie TI Effects of aquaculture production noise on hearing, growth, and disease resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; hearing thresholds; growth rates; tank noise ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; MALE COMMON CARP; AMBIENT NOISE; STRESS-RESPONSE; AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; CRANGON-CRANGON; FISHES; CORTISOL; WATER AB Intensive aquaculture production often utilizes equipment (e.g., aerators, air and water pumps, harvesters, blowers, filtration systems, and maintenance machinery) that increases noise levels in fish culture tanks. Consequently, chronic exposure to elevated noise levels in tanks could negatively impact cultured species. Possible effects include impairment of the auditory system, increased stress, and reduced growth rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of sound exposure on the hearing sensitivity, growth, and survival of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Two cohorts of rainbow trout were cultured for 8 months in replicated tanks consisting of three sound treatments: 115, 130, or 150 decibels referenced at 1 micropascal (dB re 1 mu Pa root mean square [RMS]) levels. Auditory evoked potential (AEP) recordings revealed no significant differences in hearing thresholds resulting from exposure to increased ambient sound levels, Although there was no evident noise-induced hearing loss, there were significant differences in hearing thresholds between the two fish cohorts examined. No statistical effect of sound treatment was found for growth rate and mortality within each fish cohort. There was no significant difference in mortality between sound treatments when fish were exposed to the pathogen Yersinia ruckeri, but there was significantly different mortality between cohorts. This study indicated that rainbow trout heating sensitivity, growth, survival, stress, and disease susceptibility were not negatively impacted by noise levels common to recirculating aquaculture systems. These findings should not be generalized to all cultured fish species, however, because many species, including catfish and cyprinids, have much greater hearing sensitivity than rainbow trout and could be affected differently by noise. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. Marine Acoust Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Marine Acoust Inc, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. W Virginia Univ, USGS, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wysocki, LE (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Behav Biol, Fac Ctr Zool, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. EM apopper@umd.edu NR 41 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 687 EP 697 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.225 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 238GM UT WOS:000251435400069 ER PT J AU Watts, RD Compton, RW McCammon, JH Rich, CL Wright, SM Owens, T Ouren, DS AF Watts, Raymond D. Compton, Roger W. McCammon, John H. Rich, Carl L. Wright, Stewart M. Owens, Tom Ouren, Douglas S. TI Response to comment on "Roadless space of the conterminous United States" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Watts, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rwatts@usgs.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5854 DI 10.1126/science.1145424 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 233JG UT WOS:000251086600022 ER PT J AU Tingey, BE McBride, JH Thompson, TJ Stephenson, WJ South, JV Bushman, M AF Tingey, Brady E. McBride, John H. Thompson, Timothy J. Stephenson, William J. South, John V. Bushman, Michelle TI Study of a prehistoric landslide using seismic reflection methods integrated with geological data in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah, USA SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ancient landslide; geophysics; geologic mapping ID GEOPHYSICAL METHODS; DEPTH CHARACTERIZATION; SHALLOW AQUIFERS AB An integration of geological and geophysical techniques characterizes the internal and basal structure of a landslide along the western margin of the Wasatch Mountains in northern Utah, USA. The study area is within a region of planned and continuing residential development. The Little Valley Landslide is a prehistoric landslide as old as 13 ka B.P. Drilling and trenching at the site indicate that the landslide consists of chaotic and disturbed weathered volcanic material derived from Tertiary age volcanic rocks that comprise a great portion of the Wasatch Range. Five short high-resolution common mid-point seismic reflection profiles over selected portions of the site examine the feasibility of using seismic reflection to study prehistoric landslides in the Wasatch Mountain region. Due to the expected complexity of the near-surface geology, we have pursued an experimental approach in the data processing, examining the effects of muting first arrivals, frequency filtering, model-based static corrections, and seismic migration. The results provide a framework for understanding the overall configuration of the landslide, its basal (failure) surface, and the structure immediately underlying this surface. A glide surface or decollement is interpreted to underlie the landslide suggesting a large mass movement. The interpretation of a glide surface is based on the onset of coherent reflectivity, calibrated by information from a borehole located along one of the seismic profiles. The glide surface is deepest in the center portion of the landslide and shallows up slope, suggesting a trough-like feature. This study shows that seismic reflection techniques can be successfully used in complex alpine landslide regions to (1) provide a framework in which to link geological data and (2) reduce the need for an extensive trenching and drilling program. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. IGES Ingenieros, LLC, Bluffdale, UT 84065 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP McBride, JH (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, PO Box 24606, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM john_mcbride@byu.edu NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.08.006 PG 29 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 238WZ UT WOS:000251480400001 ER PT J AU Day-Lewis, FD Chen, Y Singha, K AF Day-Lewis, F. D. Chen, Y. Singha, K. TI Moment inference from tomograms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADAR TOMOGRAPHY; TRANSPORT AB Time-lapse geophysical tomography can provide valuable qualitative insights into hydrologic transport phenomena associated with aquifer dynamics, tracer experiments, and engineered remediation. Increasingly, tomograms are used to infer the spatial and/or temporal moments of solute plumes; these moments provide quantitative information about transport processes ( e. g., advection, dispersion, and rate-limited mass transfer) and controlling parameters ( e. g., permeability, dispersivity, and rate coefficients). The reliability of moments calculated from tomograms is, however, poorly understood because classic approaches to image appraisal ( e. g., the model resolution matrix) are not directly applicable to moment inference. Here, we present a semi-analytical approach to construct a moment resolution matrix based on ( 1) the classic model resolution matrix and ( 2) image reconstruction from orthogonal moments. Numerical results for radar and electrical-resistivity imaging of solute plumes demonstrate that moment values calculated from tomograms depend strongly on plume location within the tomogram, survey geometry, regularization criteria, and measurement error. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Integrat Geosci, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Day-Lewis, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman Pl,Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM daylewis@usgs.gov; yoc03001@engr.uconn.edu; ksingha@psu.edu OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 22 AR L22404 DI 10.1029/2007GL031621 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 235TN UT WOS:000251257300006 ER PT J AU Florsheim, JL Dettinger, MD AF Florsheim, J. L. Dettinger, M. D. TI Climate and floods still govern California levee breaks SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA; RIVER; RESPONSES; OSCILLATION; SALINITY; SYSTEM AB Even in heavily engineered river systems, climate still governs flood variability and thus still drives many levee breaks and geomorphic changes. We assemble a 155-year record of levee breaks for a major California river system to find that breaks occurred in 25% of years during the 20th Century. A relation between levee breaks and river discharge is present that sets a discharge threshold above which most levee breaks occurred. That threshold corresponds to small floods with recurrence intervals of similar to 2-3 years. Statistical analysis illustrates that levee breaks and peak discharges cycle ( broadly) on a 12-15 year time scale, in time with warm-wet storm patterns in California, but more slowly or more quickly than ENSO and PDO climate phenomena, respectively. Notably, these variations and thresholds persist through the 20th Century, suggesting that historical flood-control effects have not reduced the occurrence or frequency of levee breaks. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Florsheim, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM florsheim@geology.ucdavis.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 22 AR L22403 DI 10.1029/2007GL031702 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 235TL UT WOS:000251257100005 ER PT J AU Barnes, JW Radebaugh, J Brown, RH Wall, S Soderblom, L Lunine, J Burr, D Sotin, C Le Mouelic, S Rodriguez, S Buratti, BJ Clark, R Baines, KH Jaumann, R Nicholson, PD Kirk, RL Lopes, R Lorenz, RD Mitchell, K Wood, CA AF Barnes, Jason W. Radebaugh, Jani Brown, Robert H. Wall, Steve Soderblom, Laurence Lunine, Jonathan Burr, Devon Sotin, Christophe Le Mouelic, Stephane Rodriguez, Sebastien Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger Baines, Kevin H. Jaumann, Ralf Nicholson, Phillip D. Kirk, Randolph L. Lopes, Rosaly Lorenz, Ralph D. Mitchell, Karl Wood, Charles A. TI Near-infrared spectral mapping of Titan's mountains and channels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID RADAR MAPPER; SURFACE; VIMS; ACETYLENE; ALBEDO; WINDS AB We investigate the spectral reflectance properties of channels and mountain ranges on Titan using data from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) obtained during the T9 encounter (26 December 2005). We identify the location of channels and mountains using synthetic aperture radar maps obtained from Cassini's RADAR instrument during the T13 ( 30 April 2006) flyby. Channels are evident even in VIMS imaging with spatial resolution coarser than the channel size. The channels share spectral characteristics with Titan's dark blue terrain (e. g., the Huygens landing site) that is consistent with an enhancement in water ice content relative to the rest of Titan. We use this fact to measure widths of similar to 1 km for the largest channels. Comparison of the data sets shows that in our study area within the equatorial bright spectral unit east of Xanadu, mountains are darker and bluer than surrounding smooth terrain. These results are consistent with the equatorial bright terrain possessing a veneer of material that is thinner in the regions where there are mountains and streambeds that have likely undergone more recent and extensive erosion. We suggest a model for the geographic relationship of the dark blue, dark brown, and equatorial bright spectral units based on our findings. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. SETI Inst, Carl Sagan Ctr, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Provo, UT 84502 USA. Ctr Orme Merisiers, DAPNIA Sap, Ctr Etud Saclay, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jbarnes@lpl.arizona.edu RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016; Rodriguez, Sebastien/H-5902-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167; Rodriguez, Sebastien/0000-0003-1219-0641 NR 42 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E11 AR E11006 DI 10.1029/2007JE002932 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 235VQ UT WOS:000251262800002 ER PT J AU Hayward, RK Mullins, KF Fenton, LK Hare, TM Titus, TN Bourke, MC Colaprete, A Christensen, PR AF Hayward, Rosalyn K. Mullins, Kevin F. Fenton, Lori K. Hare, Trent M. Titus, Timothy N. Bourke, Mary C. Colaprete, Anthony Christensen, Philip R. TI Mars global digital dune database and initial science results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; AEOLIAN PROCESSES; MARTIAN SURFACE; PROCTOR CRATER; ORBITER CAMERA; SAND; FEATURES; SIMULATIONS; SEDIMENT; MORPHOLOGY AB A new Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD(3)) constructed using Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) infrared (IR) images provides a comprehensive and quantitative view of the geographic distribution of moderate- to large-size dune fields ( area > 1 km 2) that will help researchers to understand global climatic and sedimentary processes that have shaped the surface of Mars. MGD(3) extends from 65 degrees N to 65 degrees S latitude and includes similar to 550 dune fields, covering similar to 70,000 km(2), with an estimated total volume of similar to 3,600 km(3). This area, when combined with polar dune estimates, suggests moderate- to large-size dune field coverage on Mars may total similar to 800,000 km(2), similar to 6 times less than the total areal estimate of similar to 5,000,000 km(2) for terrestrial dunes. Where availability and quality of THEMIS visible (VIS) or Mars Orbiter Camera narrow-angle (MOC NA) images allow, we classify dunes and include dune slipface measurements, which are derived from gross dune morphology and represent the prevailing wind direction at the last time of significant dune modification. For dunes located within craters, the azimuth from crater centroid to dune field centroid (referred to as dune centroid azimuth) is calculated and can provide an accurate method for tracking dune migration within smooth-floored craters. These indicators of wind direction are compared to output from a general circulation model (GCM). Dune centroid azimuth values generally correlate to regional wind patterns. Slipface orientations are less well correlated, suggesting that local topographic effects may play a larger role in dune orientation than regional winds. C1 US Geol Survey, Dept Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Mars Space Flight Facil, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Carl Sagan Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Coconino Community Coll, Dept Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hayward, RK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Astrogeol, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 52 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E11 AR E11007 DI 10.1029/2007JE002943 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 235VQ UT WOS:000251262800003 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE Jassby, AD Thompson, JK Hieb, KA AF Cloern, James E. Jassby, Alan D. Thompson, Janet K. Hieb, Kathryn A. TI A cold phase of the East Pacific triggers new phytoplankton blooms in San Francisco Bay SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate variability; coastal eutrophication; ocean-estuary connectivity; regime shift; trophic cascade ID SUB-ARCTIC WATER; TROPHIC CASCADES; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHLOROPHYLL-A; OCEAN; ESTUARY; VARIABILITY AB Ecological observations sustained over decades often reveal abrupt changes in biological communities that signal altered ecosystem states. We report a large shift in the biological communities of San Francisco Bay, first detected as increasing phytoplankton biomass and occurrences of new seasonal blooms that began in 1999. This phytoplankton increase is paradoxical because it occurred in an era of decreasing wastewater nutrient inputs and reduced nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, contrary to the guiding paradigm that algal biomass in estuaries increases in proportion to nutrient inputs from their watersheds. Coincidental changes included sharp declines in the abundance of bivalve mollusks, the key phytoplankton consumers in this estuary, and record high abundances of several bivalve predators: Bay shrimp, English sole, and Dungeness crab. The phytoplankton increase is consistent with a trophic cascade resulting from heightened predation on bivalves and suppression of their filtration control on phytoplankton growth. These community changes in San Francisco Bay across three trophic levels followed a state change in the California Current System characterized by increased upwelling intensity, amplified primary production, and strengthened southerly flows. These diagnostic features of the East Pacific "cold phase" lead to strong recruitment and immigration of juvenile flatfish and crustaceans into estuaries where they feed and develop. This study, built from three decades of observation, reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism of ocean-estuary connectivity. Interdecadal oceanic regime changes can propagate into estuaries, altering their community structure and efficiency of transforming land-derived nutrients into algal biomass. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS496,345 Middlefield Rd,Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; OI Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 34 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 47 BP 18561 EP 18565 DI 10.1073/pnas.0706151104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 236HB UT WOS:000251292500040 PM 18000053 ER PT J AU Shan, S Bevis, M Kendrick, E Mader, GL Raleigh, D Hudnut, K Sartori, M Phillips, D AF Shan, Shan Bevis, Michael Kendrick, Eric Mader, Gerald L. Raleigh, David Hudnut, Kenneth Sartori, Michael Phillips, David TI Kinematic GPS solutions for aircraft trajectories: Identifying and minimizing systematic height errors associated with atmospheric propagation delays SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] When kinematic GPS processing software is used to estimate the trajectory of an aircraft, unless the delays imposed on the GPS signals by the atmosphere are either estimated or calibrated via external observations, then vertical height errors of decimeters can occur. This problem is clearly manifested when the aircraft is positioned against multiple base stations in areas of pronounced topography because the aircraft height solutions obtained using different base stations will tend to be mutually offset, or biased, in proportion to the elevation differences between the base stations. When performing kinematic surveys in areas with significant topography it should be standard procedure to use multiple base stations, and to separate them vertically to the maximum extent possible, since it will then be much easier to detect mis-modeling of the atmosphere. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Univ Florida, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Gainesville, FL USA. UNAVCO Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shan, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mbevis@osu.edu RI Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 23 AR L23S07 DI 10.1029/2007GL030889 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 232ZL UT WOS:000251060100001 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA DiGiacomo, PM Weisberg, SB Nezlin, NP Mengel, M Jones, BH Ohlmann, JC Washburn, L Terrill, EJ Farnsworth, KL AF Warrick, J. A. DiGiacomo, P. M. Weisberg, S. B. Nezlin, N. P. Mengel, M. Jones, B. H. Ohlmann, J. C. Washburn, L. Terrill, E. J. Farnsworth, K. L. TI River plume patterns and dynamics within the Southern California Bight SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stormwater runoff; river plume; coastal oceanography; USA; California; Southern California Bight ID STORMWATER RUNOFF PLUMES; BUOYANT COASTAL DISCHARGES; SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; LOW-SALINITY WATERS; SEDIMENT DISCHARGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MONICA BAY; WIND; DISPERSAL; TRANSPORT AB Stormwater river plumes are important vectors of marine contaminants and pathogens in the Southern California Bight. Here we report the results of a multi-institution investigation of the river plumes across eight major river systems of southern California. We use in situ water samples from multi-day cruises in combination with MODIS satellite remote sensing, buoy meteorological observations, drifters, and HF radar current measurements to evaluate the dispersal patterns and dynamics of the freshwater plumes. River discharge was exceptionally episodic, and the majority of storm discharge occurred in a few hours. The combined plume observing techniques revealed that plumes commonly detach from the coast and turn to the left, which is the opposite direction of Coriolis influence. Although initial offshore velocity of the buoyant plumes was similar to 50 cm/s and was influenced by river discharge inertia (i.e., the direct momentum of the river flux) and buoyancy, subsequent advection of the plumes was largely observed in an alongshore direction and dominated by local winds. Due to the multiple day upwelling wind conditions that commonly follow discharge events, plumes were observed to flow from their respective river mouths to down-coast waters at rates of 20-40 km/d. Lastly, we note that suspended-sediment concentration and beam-attenuation were poorly correlated with plume salinity across and within the sampled plumes (mean r(2) = 0.12 and 0.25, respectively), while colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence was well correlated (mean r(2) = 0.56), suggesting that CDOM may serve as a good tracer of the discharged freshwater in subsequent remote sensing and monitoring efforts of plumes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. So California Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Liu, Cheng-Chien/E-4859-2011; Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 NR 43 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 19 BP 2427 EP 2448 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.06.015 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 238VD UT WOS:000251475000002 ER PT J AU Stock, CA McGillicuddy, DJ Anderson, DM Solow, AR Signell, RP AF Stock, Charles A. McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Anderson, Donald M. Solow, Andrew R. Signell, Richard P. TI Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense in the western Gulf of Maine in 1993 and 1994: A comparative modeling study SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red tides; algal blooms; harmful algal blooms; modeling; paralytic shellfish poisoning ID GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; COASTAL CURRENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GROWTH; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; SALINITY; DYNAMICS; OCEAN AB Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense commonly occur in the western Gulf of Maine but the amount of toxin observed in coastal shellfish is highly variable. In this study, a coupled physical-biological model is used to investigate the dynamics underlying the observed A. fundyense abundance and shellfish toxicity in 1993 (a high toxicity year) and 1994 (low toxicity year). The physical model simulates the spring circulation, while the biological model estimates the germination and population dynamics of A. fundyense based on laboratory and field data. The model captures the large-scale aspects of the initiation and development of A. fundyense blooms during both years, but small-scale patchiness and the dynamics of bloom termination remain problematic. In both cases, the germination of resting cysts accounts for the magnitude of A. fundyense populations early in the spring. Simulations with low net A. fundyense growth rates capture the mean observed concentration during the bloom peak, which is of similar magnitude during both years. There is little evidence that large-scale changes in biological dynamics between 1993 and 1994 were a primary driver of the differences in shellfish toxicity. Results instead suggest that the persistent southwesterly flow of the western Maine Coastal Current led to A. fundyense populations of similar alongshore extent by late May of both years. This period coincides with peak cell abundance in the region. Variations in wind forcing (downwelling favorable in 1993, upwelling favorable in 1994) and subsequent cell transport (inshore in 1993, offshore in 1994) in early June then provides a plausible explanation for the dramatic mid-June differences in shellfish toxicity throughout the western Gulf of Maine. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Stock, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM cstock@alum.mit.edu; dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu; danderson@whoi.edu; asolow@whoi.edu; rsignell@usgs.gov RI Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 19 BP 2486 EP 2512 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.06.008 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 238VD UT WOS:000251475000005 ER PT J AU Elliott, EM Kendall, C Wankel, SD Burns, DA Boyer, EW Harlin, K Bain, DJ Butler, TJ AF Elliott, E. M. Kendall, C. Wankel, S. D. Burns, D. A. Boyer, E. W. Harlin, K. Bain, D. J. Butler, T. J. TI Nitrogen isotopes as indicators of NOx source contributions to atmospheric nitrate deposition across the Midwestern and northeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER; N-15/N-14 RATIOS; N-15 ABUNDANCE; ICE CORES; EMISSIONS; AMMONIA; WET; US; SEAWATER; DIOXIDE AB Global inputs o NOx are dominated by fossil fuel combustion from both stationary and vehicular sources and far exceed natural NOx sources. However, elucidating NOx sources to any given location remains a difficult challenge, despite the need for this information to develop sound regulatory and mitigation strategies. We present results from a regional-scale study of nitrogen isotopes (delta N-15) in wet nitrate deposition across 33 sites in the midwestern and northeastern U.S. We demonstrate that spatial variations in delta N-15 are strongly correlated with NOx emissions from surrounding stationary sources and additionally that delta N-15 is more strongly correlated with surrounding stationary source NOx emissions than pH, SO42-, or NO3- concentrations. Although emission inventories indicate that vehicle emissions are the dominant NOx source in the eastern U.S., our results suggest that wet NO3- deposition at sites in this study is strongly associated with NOx emissions from stationary sources. This suggests that large areas of the landscape potentially recieve atmospheric NOy deposition inputs in excess of what one would infer from existing monitoring data alone. Moreover, we determined that spatial patterns in delta N-15 values are a robust indicator of stationary NOx contributions to wet NO3- deposition and hence a valuable complment to existing tools for assessing relationships between NO3- depostion, regional emission inventories, and for evaluting progress toward NOx reduction goals. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US Geol Survey, NY Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program Cent Anal Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 12545 USA. RP Elliott, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM eelliott@pitt.edu RI Elliott, Emily /E-8122-2011; Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; Bain, Daniel/G-3055-2013 OI Elliott, Emily /0000-0002-9653-1513; NR 44 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 10 U2 84 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7661 EP 7667 DI 10.1021/es070898t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231UM UT WOS:000250974700014 PM 18075071 ER PT J AU Yang, L Li, X Crusius, J Janst, U Melcer, ME Zhang, P AF Yang, Lijia Li, Xiqing Crusius, John Janst, Urs Melcer, Michael E. Zhang, Pengfei TI Persistent chlordane concentrations in Long Island sound sediment: Implications from chlordane, Pb-210, and Cs-137 profiles SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTS; CONTAMINANTS; RATES; DISTRIBUTIONS; MOBILITY; CORES AB Concentrations of chlordane, a banned termiticide and pesticide, were examined in recently collected surficial sediment (10 sites) and sediment cores (4 sites) in Long Island Sound (LIS).The highest chlordane concentrations were observed in western LIS, near highly urbanized areas. Chlordane concentrations did not decrease significantly in the past decade when compared to the data collected in 1996, consistent with the observation of near-constant chlordane levels in blue mussel tissues collected during the same time period. Chlordane concentrations in many of the sites exceeded levels above which harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are expected to frequently occur. Chlordane concentrations in two of the four sediment cores showed a peak below the sediment surface, suggesting reduced chlordane inputs in recent years. The lack of a chlordane concentration maximum below the sediment surface in the other two cores, coupled with the lack of a well-defined Cs-137 peak, indicated significant sediment mixing. Simulations of Cs-137 and Pb-210 profiles in sediment cores with a simple sediment-mixing model were used to constrain both the deposition rate and the bioturbation rate of the sediment. Simulations of the chlordane profiles indicated continued chlordane input to LIS long after chlordane was phased out in the U.S. Continued chlordane input and significant sediment mixing may have contributed to the persistent chlordane concentrations in surficial sediment, which poses long-term threats to benthic organisms in LIS. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. CUNY, PhD Program Chem, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10016 USA. CUNY, PhD Program Earth & Environm Sci, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10016 USA. CUNY, Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. United States Merchant Marine Acad, Dept Math & Sci, New York, NY 11024 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM pzhang@sci.ccny.cuny.edu RI Zhang, Pengfei/C-2264-2013 OI Zhang, Pengfei/0000-0002-1765-5965 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7723 EP 7729 DI 10.1021/es070749a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231UM UT WOS:000250974700023 PM 18075080 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JAP Tanaka, KL Kargel, JS Dohm, JM Kuzmin, R Fairen, AG Sasaki, S Komatsu, G Schulze-Makuch, D Yan, JG AF Palmero Rodriguez, Jose Alexis Tanaka, Kenneth L. Kargel, Jeffrey S. Dohm, James M. Kuzmin, Ruslan Fairen, Alberto G. Sasaki, Sho Komatsu, Goro Schulze-Makuch, Dirk Yan, Jianguo TI Formation and disruption of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Mars, surface; geological processes ID BLIND THRUST FAULTS; PLANETARY WRINKLE RIDGES; MARTIAN NORTHERN PLAINS; VALLEY RIFT SYSTEM; TERRESTRIAL ANALOGS; THAUMASIA REGION; OUTFLOW CHANNELS; FLUVIAL VALLEYS; THARSIS PLATEAU; ANCIENT OCEANS AB We present geologic evidence suggesting that after the development of Mars' cryolithosphere, the formation of aquifers in southwestern Chryse Planitia and their subsequent disruption led to extensive regional resurfacing during the Late Hesperian, and perhaps even during the Amazonian. In our model, these aquifers formed preferentially along thrust faults associated with wrinkle ridges, as well as along fault systems peripheral to impact craters. The characteristics of degraded wrinkle ridges and impact craters in southwestern Chryse Planitia indicate a profound role of subsurface volatiles and especially liquid water in the upper crust (the upper one hundred to a few thousands of meters). Like lunar wrinkle ridges, the martian ones are presumed to mark the surface extensions of thrust faults, but in our study area the wrinkle ridges are heavily modified. Wrinkle ridges and nearby plains have locally undergone collapse, and in other areas they are associated with domical intrusions we interpret as mud volcanoes and mud diapirs. In at least one instance, a sinuous valley emanates from a modified wrinkle ridge, further indicating hydrological influences on these thrust-fault-controlled features. A key must be the formation of volatile-rich crust. Primary crustal formation and differentiation incorporated juvenile volatiles into the global crust, but the crustal record here was then strongly modified by the giant Chryse impact. The decipherable rock record here begins with the Chryse impact and continues with the resulting basin's erosion and infilling, which includes outflow channel activity. We propose that in Simud Vallis surface flow dissection into the base of the cryolithosphere-produced zones where water infiltrated and migrated along SW-dipping strata deformed by the Chryse impact, thereby forming an extensive aquifer in southwestern Chryse Planitia. In this region, compressive stresses produced by the rise of Tharsis led to the formation of wrinkle ridges. Zones of high fracture density within the highly strained planes of the thrust faults underlying the wrinkle ridges formed regions of high permeability; thus, groundwater likely flowed and gathered along these tectonic structures to form zones of elevated permeability. Volatile depletion and migration within the upper crustal materials, predominantly along fault systems, led to structurally controlled episodic resurfacing in southwestern Chryse Planitia. The erosional modification of impact craters in this region is linked to these processes. This erosion is scale independent over a range of crater diameters from a few hundred meters to tens of kilometers. According to our model, pressurized water and sediment intruded and locally extruded and caused crustal subsidence and other degradational activity across this region. The modification of craters across this wide range of sizes, according to our model, implies that there was intensive mobilization of liquid water in the upper crust ranging from about one hundred to several thousand meters deep. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Palmero Rodriguez, Jose Alexis; Sasaki, Sho] Natl Astron Observ Japan, RISE Project Off, Mizusawa, Oshu 0230861, Japan. [Palmero Rodriguez, Jose Alexis] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] USGS Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Dohm, James M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kuzmin, Ruslan] Russian Acad Sci, Vernadsky Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Fairen, Alberto G.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Ctr Mol Biol, Ctrbiomol, Madrid 28049, Spain. [Komatsu, Goro] Univ Annunzio, Int Res Sch Planetary Sci, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. [Schulze-Makuch, Dirk] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Yan, Jianguo] Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Rodriguez, JAP (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, RISE Project Off, Mizusawa, Oshu 0230861, Japan. EM alexis@psi.edu RI Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; Komatsu, Goro/I-7822-2012; OI Komatsu, Goro/0000-0003-4155-108X; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk/0000-0002-1923-9746 NR 148 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 191 IS 2 BP 545 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.05.021 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 240LQ UT WOS:000251589500010 ER PT J AU Huggel, C Caplan-Auerbach, J Waythomas, CF Wessels, RL AF Huggel, Christian Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline Waythomas, Christopher F. Wessels, Rick L. TI Monitoring and modeling ice-rock avalanches from ice-capped volcanoes: A case study of frequent large avalanches on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Iliamna Volcano; ice-rock avalanches; monitoring; modeling; remote sensing ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; HYDROTHERMALLY ALTERED ROCKS; EOS TERRA ASTER; NEVADO-DEL-RUIZ; MOUNT-RAINIER; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; CASCADE RANGE; SHUTTLE RADAR AB Iliamna is an andesitic stratovolcano of the Aleutian arc with regular gas and steam emissions and mantled by several large glaciers. Iliamna Volcano exhibits an unusual combination of frequent and large ice-rock avalanches in the order of 1 x 10(6) m(3) to 3 x 10(7) m(3) with recent return periods of 2-4 years. We have reconstructed an avalanche event record for the past 45 years that indicates Iliamna avalanches occur at higher frequency at a given magnitude than other mass failures in volcanic and alpine environments. Iliamna Volcano is thus an ideal site to study such mass failures and its relation to volcanic activity. In this study, we present different methods that fit into a concept of (1) long-term monitoring, (2) early warning, and (3) event documentation and analysis of ice-rock avalanches on ice-capped active volcanoes. Long-term monitoring methods include seismic signal analysis, and space-and airborne observations. Landsat and ASTER satellite data was used to study the extent of hydrothermally altered rocks and surface thermal anomalies at the summit region of Iliamna. Subpixel heat source calculation for the summit regions where avalanches initiate yielded temperatures of 307 to 613 K assuming heat source areas of 1000 to 25 m(2), respectively, indicating strong convective heat flux processes. Such heat flow causes ice melting conditions and is thus likely to reduce the strength at the base of the glacier. We furthermore demonstrate typical seismic records of Iliamna avalanches with rarely observed precursory signals up to two hours prior to failure, and show how such signals could be used for a multi-stage avalanche warning system in the future. For event analysis and documentation, space- and airborne observations and seismic records in combination with SRTM and ASTER derived terrain data allowed us to reconstruct avalanche dynamics and to identify remarkably similar failure and propagation mechanisms of Iliamna avalanches for the past 45 years. Simple avalanche flow modeling was able to reasonably replicate Iliamna avalanches and can thus be applied for hazard assessments. Hazards at Iliamna Volcano are low due to its remote location; however, we emphasize the transfer potential of the methods presented here to other ice-capped volcanoes with much higher hazards such as those in the Cascades or the Andes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Waythomas, Christopher F.; Wessels, Rick L.] USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Huggel, C (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM christian.huggel@geo.uzh.ch; jackie@geol.wwu.edu; cwaythomas@usgs.gov; rwessels@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 114 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.09.009 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 240NJ UT WOS:000251594000006 ER PT J AU Burger, J Gochfeld, M Sullivan, K Irons, D AF Burger, Joanna Gochfeld, Michael Sullivan, Kelsey Irons, David TI Mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium lead, and selenium in feathers of pigeon guillemots (Cepphus columba) from Prince William Sound and the Aleutian Islands of Alaska SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE As; Cd; Cr; Pb; Mn; Hg; Se; Valdez; seabirds; feather levels; pigeon guillemot; Aleutians; Prince William Sound ID MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; HEAVY-METALS; SEABIRDS; EGGS; CONTAMINANTS; BIRDS; MOLT; EXCRETION; AMCHITKA; MONITORS AB Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium were analyzed in the feathers of pigeon guillemots (Cepphus columba) from breeding colonies in Prince William Sound and in the Aleutian Islands (Amchitka, Kiska) to test the null hypothesis that there were no differences in metal levels as a function of location, gender, or whether the birds were from oiled or unoiled areas in Prince William Sound. Birds from locations with oil from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in the environment had higher levels of cadmium and lead than those from unoiled places in Prince William Sound, but otherwise there were no differences in metal levels in feathers. The feathers of pigeon guillemots from Prince William Sound had significantly higher levels of cadmium and manganese, but significantly lower levels of mercury than those from Amchitka or Kiska in the Aleutians. Amchitka had the lowest levels of chromium, and Kiska had the highest levels of selenium. There were few gender-related differences, although females had higher levels of mercury and selenium in their feathers than did males. The levels of most metals are below the known effects levels, except for mercury and selenium, which are high enough to potentially pose a risk to pigeon guillemots and to their predators. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. CRESP, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, 604 Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM burger@biology.rutgers.edu NR 62 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 387 IS 1-3 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.049 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 224BL UT WOS:000250420200016 PM 17765292 ER PT J AU Keszthelyi, LP Denlinger, RP O'Connell, DRH Burr, DM AF Keszthelyi, L. P. Denlinger, R. P. O'Connell, D. R. H. Burr, D. M. TI Initial insights from 2.5D hydraulic modeling of floods in Athabasca Valles, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CERBERUS FOSSAE; OUTFLOW CHANNELS; WATER; LAVA; ELYSIUM; FLOWS AB We present the first application of a 2.5D hydraulic model to catastrophic floods on Mars. This model simulates flow over complex topography and incorporates flood dynamics that could not be modeled in the earlier 1D models. We apply this model to Athabasca Valles, the youngest outflow channel on Mars, investigating previous bank- full discharge estimates and utilizing the interpolated Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter elevation map as input. We confirm that the bank- full assumption does not fit the observed landforms. Instead, the channel appears more deeply incised near the source. Flow modeling also identifies several areas of special interest, including a dry cataract that coincides with a region of predicted high erosion. However, artifacts in the elevation data strongly impacted estimated stages and velocities in other areas. More extensive connection between the flood hydraulics and observed landforms awaits improved topographic data. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcanic Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Field Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. William Lettis & Assoc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Carl Sagan Ctr Study Life Univ, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Keszthelyi, LP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff Field Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM laz@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 21 AR L21206 DI 10.1029/2007GL031776 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 232ZC UT WOS:000251059200007 ER PT J AU Moniz, LJ Cooch, EG Ellner, SP Nichols, JD Nichols, JM AF Moniz, L. J. Cooch, E. G. Ellner, S. P. Nichols, J. D. Nichols, J. M. TI Application of information theory methods to food web reconstruction SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE attractors; food webs; information theory; nonlinear dynamics; transfer entropy ID TIME-SERIES DATA; CAPITA INTERACTION STRENGTH; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; COMMUNITY STABILITY; BLOWFLY POPULATIONS; MUTUAL INFORMATION; REGIME CHANGES; MODELS; FLOW; DYNAMICS AB In this paper we use information theory techniques on time series of abundances to determine the topology of a food web. At the outset, the food web participants (two consumers, two resources) are known; in addition we know that each consumer prefers one of the resources over the other. However, we do not know which consumer prefers which resource, and if this preference is absolute (i.e., whether or not the consumer will consume the non-preferred resource). Although the consumers and resources are identified at the beginning of the experiment, we also provide evidence that the consumers are not resources for each other, and the resources do not consume each other. We do show that there is significant mutual information between resources; the model is seasonally forced and some shared information between resources is expected. Similarly, because the model is seasonally forced, we expect shared information between consumers as they respond to the forcing of the resources. The model that we consider does include noise, and in an effort to demonstrate that these methods may be of some use in other than model data, we show the efficacy of our methods with decreasing time series size; in this particular case we obtain reasonably clear results with a time series length of 400 points. This approaches ecological time series lengths from real systems. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Trinity Coll, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20017 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moniz, LJ (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lindamo@comcast.net NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 208 IS 2-4 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.05.016 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230WK UT WOS:000250906700006 ER PT J AU Chang, WL Smith, RB Wicks, C Farrell, JM Puskas, CM AF Chang, Wu-Lung Smith, Robert B. Wicks, Charles Farrell, Jamie M. Puskas, Christine M. TI Accelerated uplift and magmatic intrusion of the Yellowstone caldera, 2004 to 2006 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; BENEATH; UNREST; SUBSIDENCE; MECHANISMS; MODELS AB The Yellowstone caldera began a rapid episode of ground uplift in mid-2004, revealed by Global Positioning System and interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements, at rates up to 7 centimeters per year, which is over three times faster than previously observed inflation rates. Source modeling of the deformation data suggests an expanding volcanic sill of similar to 1200 square kilometers at a 10-kilometer depth beneath the caldera, coincident with the top of a seismically imaged crustal magma chamber. The modeled rate of source volume increase is 0.1 cubic kilometer per year, similar to the amount of magma intrusion required to supply the observed high heat flow of the caldera. This evidence suggests magma recharge as the main mechanism for the accelerated uplift, although pressurization of magmatic fluids cannot be ruled out. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chang, WL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM wchang@earth.utah.edu; Smith@earth.utah.edu OI Puskas, Christine/0000-0001-9388-0200 NR 19 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5852 BP 952 EP 956 DI 10.1126/science.1146842 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 229FM UT WOS:000250788500036 PM 17991858 ER PT J AU Chou, IM Seal, RR AF Chou, I-Ming Seal, Robert R., II TI Magnesium and calcium sulfate stabilities and the water budget of Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GYPSUM-ANHYDRITE EQUILIBRIUM; HUMIDITY-BUFFER TECHNIQUE; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; 0.1 MPA; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MARTIAN SURFACE; MINERALS; SYSTEM; SPECTROMETER AB Magnesium sulfate probably plays a dominant role in the water cycle of Mars away from the polar ice caps through hydration and dehydration reactions. This prominence is due to its abundance, its occurrence in numerous hydration states, and its ability to hydrate and dehydrate rapidly. New experimental studies on the metastable reaction between hexahydrite ( MgSO(4)center dot 6H(2)O) and starkeyite ( MgSO(4)center dot 4H(2)O) as a function of temperature and relative humidity, supplemented by recent investigations of the stable reaction between epsomite ( MgSO(4)center dot 7H(2)O) and hexahydrite and by phase equilibrium calculations, suggest that the most important magnesium sulfate phases involved in the Martian water cycle are MgSO(4)center dot 11H(2)O, epsomite, starkeyite, and possibly kieserite ( MgSO(4)center dot H(2)O). Hexahydrite is not predicted to be stable on the surface of Mars. During diurnal variations in temperature and relative humidity, 1 kg of MgSO(4) can release or remove from the atmosphere 1.5 kg of H(2)O by cycling between kieserite and MgSO(4)center dot 11H(2)O. Despite subequal abundances of calcium sulfate, calcium sulfates are not likely to be important in the water cycle of the planet because of sluggish rates of hydration and dehydration and a more limited range of H(2)O concentrations per kilogram of CaSO(4) ( 0.00 to 0.26 kg kg(-1)). Modern or recent erosion on Mars attributed to liquid water may be due to the dehydration of MgSO(4)center dot 11H(2)O because of the inferred abundance and likelihood of occurrence of this phase and its limited stability relative to known variations in temperature and relative humidity. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Chou, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E11 AR E11004 DI 10.1029/2007JE002898 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 230DB UT WOS:000250854900001 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Nislow, KH Coombs, JA O'Donnell, MJ Dubreuil, TL AF Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. Coombs, Jason A. O'Donnell, Matthew J. Dubreuil, Todd L. TI Population Response to Habitat Fragmentation in a Stream-Dwelling Brook Trout Population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Fragmentation can strongly influence population persistence and expression of life-history strategies in spatially-structured populations. In this study, we directly estimated size-specific dispersal, growth, and survival of stream-dwelling brook trout in a stream network with connected and naturally-isolated tributaries. We used multiple-generation, individual-based data to develop and parameterize a size-class and location-based population projection model, allowing us to test effects of fragmentation on population dynamics at local (i.e., subpopulation) and system-wide (i.e., metapopulation) scales, and to identify demographic rates which influence the persistence of isolated and fragmented populations. In the naturally-isolated tributary, persistence was associated with higher early juvenile survival (similar to 45% greater), shorter generation time (one-half) and strong selection against large body size compared to the open system, resulting in a stage-distribution skewed towards younger, smaller fish. Simulating barriers to upstream migration into two currently-connected tributary populations caused rapid (2-6 generations) local extinction. These local extinctions in turn increased the likelihood of system-wide extinction, as tributaries could no longer function as population sources. Extinction could be prevented in the open system if sufficient immigrants from downstream areas were available, but the influx of individuals necessary to counteract fragmentation effects was high (7-46% of the total population annually). In the absence of sufficient immigration, a demographic change (higher early survival characteristic of the isolated tributary) was also sufficient to rescue the population from fragmentation, suggesting that the observed differences in size distributions between the naturally-isolated and open system may reflect an evolutionary response to isolation. Combined with strong genetic divergence between the isolated tributary and open system, these results suggest that local adaptation can 'rescue' isolated populations, particularly in one-dimensional stream networks where both natural and anthropogenically-mediated isolation is common. However, whether rescue will occur before extinction depends critically on the race between adaptation and reduced survival in response to fragmentation. C1 [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Coombs, Jason A.; O'Donnell, Matthew J.; Dubreuil, Todd L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM ben_letcher@usgs.gov FU USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center; US Forest Service; Northeastern Research Station; USGS Eastern Region; Nature Conservancy, Connecticut River Program FX This work was funded by USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, the US Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, USGS Eastern Region, and The Nature Conservancy, Connecticut River Program. Funders were not involved in any details of the study. The manuscript was approved by USGS. NR 45 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 11 AR e1139 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001139 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10IZ UT WOS:000207459000023 PM 18188404 ER PT J AU Dornblaser, MM Striegl, RG AF Dornblaser, Mark M. Striegl, Robert G. TI Nutrient (N, P) loads and yields at multiple scales and subbasin types in the Yukon River basin, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; LENA RIVER; FRESH-WATER; ORGANIC-CARBON; RUSSIAN RIVERS; SEA ICE; NITROGEN; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; MATTER; DISCHARGE AB Loads and yields of dissolved and particulate nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were measured and modeled at three locations on the Yukon River (YR) and on the Tanana and Porcupine Rivers in Alaska during 2001-2005. Total export of N and P upstream of Yukon Delta averaged 120 Gg N a(-1) and 56 Gg P a(-1), respectively, with 43.5% of total N (TN) as dissolved organic N, and 98% of total P (TP) as particulate phosphorus. Approximately half of the annual export of TN and TP occurred during spring. Hydrologic yields of TN (5.6-13.3 mmol N m(-2) a(-1)) and TP (0.8-9.0 mmol P m(-2) a(-1)) were least in the Porcupine basin and greatest in the Tanana basin and were proportional to water yield. Comparison of current and historical dissolved organic matter (DOM) export from the basin indicates decreased DON export with respect to total water discharge during summer and autumn in recent decades. Any possible climate-related change in annual water discharge will result in proportional changes in N and P export. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dornblaser, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 3 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G4 AR G04S57 DI 10.1029/2006JG000366 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 228DD UT WOS:000250706400001 ER PT J AU Raymond, PA McClelland, JW Holmes, RM Zhulidov, AV Mull, K Peterson, BJ Striegl, RG Aiken, GR Gurtovaya, TY AF Raymond, Peter A. McClelland, J. W. Holmes, R. M. Zhulidov, A. V. Mull, K. Peterson, B. J. Striegl, R. G. Aiken, G. R. Gurtovaya, T. Y. TI Flux and age of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A carbon isotopic study of the five largest arctic rivers SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD; TEMPERATE ESTUARY; RUSSIAN RIVERS; YUKON RIVER; MATTER; DOC; C-14; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; DISCHARGE AB The export and Delta C-14-age of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined for the Yenisey, Lena, Ob', Mackenzie, and Yukon rivers for 2004 - 2005. Concentrations of DOC elevate significantly with increasing discharge in these rivers, causing approximately 60% of the annual export to occur during a 2-month period following spring ice breakup. We present a total annual flux from the five rivers of similar to 16 teragrams (Tg), and conservatively estimate that the total input of DOC to the Arctic Ocean is 25 - 36 Tg, which is similar to 5-20% greater than previous fluxes. These fluxes are also similar to 2.5 x greater than temperate rivers with similar watershed sizes and water discharge. Delta C-14-DOC shows a clear relationship with hydrology. A small pool of DOC slightly depleted in Delta C-14 is exported with base flow. The large pool exported with spring thaw is enriched in D14C with respect to current-day atmospheric Delta C-14-CO2 values. A simple model predicts that similar to 50% of DOC exported during the arctic spring thaw is 1 - 5 years old, similar to 25% is 6 - 10 years in age, and 15% is 11 - 20 years old. The dominant spring melt period, a historically undersampled period, exports a large amount of young and presumably semilabile DOC to the Arctic Ocean. C1 Yale Univ, Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06405 USA. Univ Texas, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. S Russian Reg Ctr Preparat & Implementat Int Proj, Rostov Na Donu 344104, Russia. Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Raymond, PA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 21 Sachem St, New Haven, CT 06405 USA. EM peter.raymond@yale.edu; jimm@utmsi.utexas.edu; rmholmes@whrc.org; zhulidov@cppis.rsu.ru; peter.raymond@yale.edu; rstriegl@usgs.gov; graiken@usgs.gov; zhulidov@cppis.rsu.ru RI McClelland, James/C-5396-2008; Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009 OI McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194; Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860 NR 46 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 8 U2 102 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 AR GB4011 DI 10.1029/2007GB002934 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228CF UT WOS:000250704000002 ER PT J AU Nichols, DJ AF Nichols, Douglas J. TI Selected plant microfossil records of the terminal Cretaceous event in terrestrial rocks, western North America SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mass Extinctions and Other Large Ecosystem Perturbations/K/T Boundary Events held at the 32nd International Geological Congress CY AUG 20-28, 2004 CL Florence, ITALY DE Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary; palynomorphs; extinction; impact; iridium anomaly ID TERTIARY BOUNDARY; NEW-MEXICO; CHICXULUB CRATER; RATON BASIN; EXTINCTION; COLORADO AB Terrestrial or nonmarine rocks of western North America preserve a record of major disruption and permanent alteration of plant communities precisely at the K-T boundary - in the same rocks that preserve geochemical and mineralogical evidence of the terminal Cretaceous impact event. Plant microfossil records from many localities show abrupt disappearance of pollen species (=plant extinctions) closely associated with impact ejecta deposits containing iridium and shocked quartz. Localities discussed in detail in this review are Starkville South, Clear Creek North, Old Raton Pass, and Sugarite in the Raton Basin of Colorado and New Mexico; West Bijou in the Denver Basin, Colorado; Sussex in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming; and Pyramid Butte and Mud Buttes in the Williston Basin, North Dakota. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nichols, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM nichols@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.038 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 230TH UT WOS:000250898300003 ER PT J AU Clingerman, J Bebak, J Mazik, PM Summerfelt, ST AF Clingerman, Jason Bebak, Julie Mazik, Patricia M. Summerfelt, Steven T. TI Use of avoidance response by rainbow trout to carbon dioxide for fish self-transfer between tanks SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; avoidance response; repellent; behavior; fish transfer; harvest; circular tank; pH control ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WATER; STRESS; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY; SYSTEM; CO2; L.; RESPONSIVENESS AB Convenient, economical, and reduced labor fish harvest and transfer systems are required to realize operating cost savings that can be achieved with the use of much larger and deeper circular culture tanks. To achieve these goals, we developed a new technology for transferring fish based on their avoidance behavior to elevated concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2). We observed this behavioral response during controlled, replicated experiments that showed dissolved CO2 concentrations of 60-120 mg/L induced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to swim out of their 11 m(3) "growout" tank, through a transfer pipe carrying a flow with <= 23 mg/L dissolved CO2, into a second 11 m(3) "harvest" tank. The research was conducted using separate groups of rainbow trout held at commercially relevant densities (40-60 kg/m(3)). The average weight of fish ranged from 0.15 to 1.3 ka during the various trials. In all trials that used a constant flow of low CO2 water (<= 23 mg/L) entering the growout tank from the harvest tank, approximately 80-90% of the fish swam from the growout tank, through the transfer pipe, and into the harvest tank after the CO2 concentration in the growout tank had exceeded 60 mg/L. The fish that remained in the growout tank stayed within the area of relatively low CO, water at the entrance of the transfer pipe. However, the rate of fish transfer from the growout tank to the harvest tank was more than doubled when the diameter of the transfer pipe was increased from 203 to 406 mm. To consistently achieve fish transfer efficiencies of 99%, water flow rate through the fish transfer pipe had to be reduced to 10-20% of the original flow just before the conclusion of each trial. Reducing the flow of relatively low CO2 water near the end of each fish transfer event, restricted the zone of relatively low CO2 water about the entrance of the fish transfer pipe, and provided the stimulus for all but a few remaining fish to swim out of the growout tank. Results indicate that the CO2 avoidance technique can provide a convenient, efficient, more economical, and reduced labor approach for fish transfer, especially in applications using large and well mixed circular culture tanks. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clingerman, Jason; Bebak, Julie; Summerfelt, Steven T.] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Mazik, Patricia M.] W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Summerfelt, ST (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM s.summerfelt@freshwaterinstitute.org NR 43 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 234 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.07.001 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 243YG UT WOS:000251832600005 ER PT J AU Lavoie, ET Wiley, F Grasman, KA Tillitt, DE Sikarskie, JG Bowerman, WW AF Lavoie, E. T. Wiley, F. Grasman, K. A. Tillitt, D. E. Sikarskie, J. G. Bowerman, W. W. TI Effect of In ovo exposure to an organochlorine mixture extracted from double crested cormorant eggs (Phalacrocorax auritus) and PCB 126 on immune function of juvenile chickens SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FISH-EATING BIRDS; GREAT-LAKES; CASPIAN TERNS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; GREEN-BAY; EMBRYOS; CONTAMINANTS; PCBS; 3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL AB Organochlorine (OC) contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) have been associated with immune modulation in wild fish-eating birds from the Great Lakes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune function of juvenile chickens after in ovo exposure to PCB 126 or an environmentally relevant OC mixture extracted from eggs of double crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, USA. Fertile white leghorn chicken (Gallus domesticus) eggs were injected before incubation with 0.55-1.79 ng TCDD equivalents (TEQ)/egg PCB 126 and 1.2-4.9 ng TEQs/egg of cormorant egg extract into the air cell in two separate experiments. After hatching, the immune function was tested using in vivo phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin response in 11-day-old chicks, antibody titers to immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in 28-day-old chicks, and, at necropsy, thymus and bursal mass and cellularity. PCB 126 decreased antibody titers at all doses and decreased the thymus and bursa index but not cellularity at 1.79 ng TEQ/egg. The cormorant egg extract caused no significant alterations in immune function even though it has been demonstrated as immunotoxic in chicken embryos. However, twofold to threefold increases in total anti-SRBC titers in 28-day-old chicks exposed to 1.2 or 2.4 ng TEQ/egg of cormorant extract were similar to elevations in anti-SRBC titer observed in Caspian tern (Sterna caspia) chicks from a highly OC-contaminated site in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Posthatch exposure to OC through fish consumption in addition to in ovo OC exposure might be associated with the immune modulation reported in wild birds. Chicks in this study might have begun to compensate for embryonic immunotoxicity by the ages at which we studied them. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Clemson Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Calvin Coll, Dept Biol, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lavoie, ET (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, Bldg 142, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM elavoie@umd.edu NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0150-z PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 220DV UT WOS:000250138000018 PM 17882474 ER PT J AU Laabs, BJC Munroe, JES Rosenbaum, JG Refsnider, KA Mickelson, DM Singer, BS Caffee, MW AF Laabs, Benjamin J. C. Munroe, Jeff Ey S. Rosenbaum, Joseph G. Refsnider, Kurt A. Mickelson, David M. Singer, Bradley S. Caffee, Marc W. TI Chronology of the lost glacial maximum in the upper bear river basin, Utah SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Uinta Interdisciplinary Assessment Symposium (UINTAS 2006) CY MAY, 2006 CL Snowbird, UT ID LATE PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION; WESTERN US GLACIERS; COSMOGENIC BE-10; UINTA MOUNTAINS; PALEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS; BONNEVILLE BASIN; CENTRAL COLORADO; LAKE BONNEVILLE; LAST GLACIATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB The headwaters of the Bear River drainage were occupied during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) by outlet glaciers of the Western Uinta Ice Field, an extensive ice mass (similar to 685 km(2)) that covered the western slope of the Uinta Mountains. A well-preserved sequence of latero-frontal moraines in the drainage indicates that outlet glaciers advanced beyond the mountain front and coalesced on the piedmont. Glacial deposits in the Bear River drainage provide a unique setting where both Be-10 C-14 dating of sediment cosmogenic surface-expo sure dating of moraine boulders and in Bear Lake downstream of the glaciated area set age limits on the timing of glaciation. Limiting C-14 ages of glacial flour in Bear Lake (corrected to calendar years using CALIB 5.0) indicate that ice advance began at 32 ka and culminated at about 24 ka. Based on a Bayesian statistical analysis of cosmogenic surface-expo sure ages from two areas on the terminal moraine complex, the Bear River glacier began approximately coincident with the start of its final retreat at about 18.7 to 18.1 ka, deglaciation elsewhere in the central Rocky Mountains and many other alpine glacial localities worldwide. Unlike valleys of the southwestern Uinta Mountains, deglaciation of the Bear River drainage began prior to the hydrologic fall of Lake Bonneville from the Provo shoreline at about 16 ka. C1 Gustavus Adolphus Coll, Dept Geol, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Laabs, BJC (reprint author), SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Geol Sci, 1 Coll Circle, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. EM laabs@geneseo.edu RI Singer, Bradley/F-4991-2012; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015; OI Singer, Bradley/0000-0003-3595-5168; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967; Laabs, Benjamin/0000-0001-8825-2672 NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(06-089)[LAABS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 231PW UT WOS:000250962500004 ER PT J AU Vogel, JA Debinski, DM Koford, RR Miller, JR AF Vogel, Jennifer A. Debinski, Diane M. Koford, Rolf R. Miller, James R. TI Butterflal, responses to prairie restoration through fire and grazing SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE burning; butterflies; grazing; insect conservation; restoration; tallgrass prairie ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SPECIES RICHNESS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PRESCRIBED FIRE; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; LEPIDOPTERA AB The development of land for modern agriculture has resulted in losses of native prairie habitat. The small, isolated patches of prairie habitat that remain are threatened by fire suppression, overgrazing, and invasion by non-native species. We evaluated the effects of three restoration practices (grazing only, burning only, and burning and grazing) on the vegetation characteristics and butterfly communities of remnant prairies. Total butterfly abundance was highest on prairies that were managed with burning and grazing and lowest on those that were only burned. Butterfly species richness did not differ among any of the restoration practices. Butterfly species diversity was highest on sites that were only burned. Responses of individual butterfly species to restoration practices were highly variable. in the best predictive regression model, total butterfly abundance was negatively associated with the percent cover of bare ground and positively associated with the percent cover of forbs. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that sites with burned only and grazed only practices could be separated based on their butterfly community composition. Butterfly communities in each of the three restoration practices are equally species rich but different practices yield compositionally different butterfly communities. Because of this variation in butterfly species responses to different restoration practices, there is no single practice that will benefit all species or even all species within habitat-specialist or habitat-generalist habitat guilds. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vogel, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jenvogel@iastate.edu; debinski@iastate.edu; rkoford@iastate.edu; jrmiller@iastate.edu OI Debinski, Diane/0000-0002-7144-4640 NR 57 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.07.027 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230VA UT WOS:000250903000009 ER PT J AU Diffendorfer, JE Fleming, GM Duggan, JM Chapman, RE Rahn, ME Mitrovich, MJ Fisher, RN AF Diffendorfer, Jay E. Fleming, Genie M. Duggan, Jennifer M. Chapman, Robert E. Rahn, Matthew E. Mitrovich, Milan J. Fisher, Robert N. TI Developing terrestrial, multi-taxon indices of biological integrity: An example from coastal sage scrub SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE community; disturbance; exotic species; IBI; invasion; index; monitoring ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; WATER-QUALITY; INDICATORS; FIRE; ASSEMBLAGES; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT AB We screened 351 species or genera for their response to disturbance in coastal sage scrub (CSS) to develop a 15-metric, 5-taxon Index of Biological Integrity (IBI). We collected data on ants, birds, herpetofauna, small mammals, and plants for two years on 46 sites established across a gradient of disturbance in three reserves. The gradient spanned relatively intact CSS with thick stands of shrubs, to former CSS stands type-converted to exotic grasses. ANOVAs and clustering analyses indicated the IBI could distinguish four levels of disturbance in CSS. General measures of community structure, such as richness, did not show changes across the gradient for most taxa, and responses of taxa across the gradient were varied and rarely correlated. However, turnover in species or genera across the gradient was common across all taxa as shrub-obligate life forms were replaced by those favoring grassy or disturbed habitats. Our data indicate index-based approaches based on data collected across disturbance gradients may outperform more traditional community level metrics when responses to anthropogenic influences are complex and vary across species. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego Field Stn, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RP Diffendorfer, JE (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM jdiffen@uiuc.edu; rfisher@usgs.gov OI Diffendorfer, James/0000-0003-1093-6948 NR 69 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.005 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230VA UT WOS:000250903000014 ER PT J AU Seavy, NE Reynolds, MH AF Seavy, Nathaniel E. Reynolds, Michelle H. TI Is statistical power to detect trends a good assessment of population monitoring? SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE ecological significance; indicator species; monitoring standards; Phaethon rubricauda; red-tailed tropicbird; sampling design; seabird conservation ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; BIRD POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; DECLINES; EXAMPLES; DESIGN; ALASKA AB The ability to detect trends in population abundance is of obvious interest to wildlife managers. In recent years, the probability of detecting defined population trends has been the most common method of assessing monitoring programs. Such analyses require many assumptions, including a model for population change and a model for variance. To demonstrate potential effects of these assumptions on power analysis results, we present data for Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda) from Tern Island, Hawaii. Depending on our assumptions, the power to detect a 50% decline over 10 years varied from 80% to 100%. We argue that monitoring standards based upon the ability to detect population trends should be applied cautiously. As a complementary approach, we propose that monitoring standards should emphasize attributes of sampling design that increase precision (e.g., randomization, bias, and detection probability). By using standards of precision, managers can focus on the sources of variation that can be minimized. A sampling design approach to monitoring standards provides a useful complement to standards of statistical power to detect annual trends. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. RP Seavy, NE (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM nseavy@prbo.org; michelle_reynolds@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.007 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230VA UT WOS:000250903000018 ER PT J AU Robinson, LF Adkins, JF Scheirer, DS Fernandez, DP Gagnon, A Waller, RG AF Robinson, Laura F. Adkins, Jess F. Scheirer, Daniel S. Fernandez, Diego P. Gagnon, Alexander Waller, Rhian G. TI Deep-sea scleractinian coral age and depth distributions in the northwest Atlantic for the last 225,000 years SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Miami, FL ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; CLIMATE CHANGES; ISOTOPE RATIOS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WATER; DEGLACIATION; VENTILATION; TEMPERATURE; HOLOCENE AB Deep-sea corals have grown for over 200,000 yrs on the New England Seamounts in the northwest Atlantic, and this paper describes their distribution both with respect to depth and time. Many thousands of fossil scleractinian corals were collected on a series of cruises from 2003-2005; by contrast, live ones were scarce. On these seamounts, the depth distribution of fossil Desmophyllum dianthus (Esper, 1794) is markedly different to that of the colonial scleractinian corals, extending 750 m deeper in the water column to a distinct cut-off at 2500 m. This cut-off is likely to be controlled by the maximum depth of a notch-shaped feature in the seamount morphology. The ages of D. dianthus corals as determined by U-series measurements range from modern to older than 200,000 yrs. The age distribution is not constant over time, and most corals have ages from the last glacial period. Within the glacial period, increases in coral population density at Muir and Manning Seamounts coincided with times at which large-scale ocean circulation changes have been documented in the deep North Atlantic. Ocean circulation changes have an effect on coral distributions, but the cause of the link is not known. C1 [Robinson, Laura F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Scheirer, Daniel S.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Adkins, Jess F.; Fernandez, Diego P.; Gagnon, Alexander] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Waller, Rhian G.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Robinson, LF (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lrobinson@whoi.edu RI Waller, Rhian/C-9000-2009; OI Robinson, Laura/0000-0001-6811-0140 NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 10 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 371 EP 391 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 249BV UT WOS:000252202700007 ER PT J AU Williams, B Risk, MJ Ross, SW Sulak, KJ AF Williams, B. Risk, M. J. Ross, S. W. Sulak, K. J. TI Stable isotope data from deep-water antipatharians: 400-year records from the southeastern coast of the United States of America SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Miami, FL ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; PRIMNOA-RESEDAEFORMIS; GROWTH RINGS; SEA CORALS; NITROGEN; GULF; MEXICO; CO2; PHOSPHORUS; GERARDIA AB In this study, time-series stable isotope results (delta C-13 and delta N-15) from three deep-water Leiopathes glaberrima (Esper, 1788) specimens collected off the southeastern coast of the United States of America and one specimen from the Gulf of Mexico are presented. The specimens were collected live in 2004 and are estimated to be 200500 yrs old based on Pb-210 measurements and band counts. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 longterm trends are reproducible within and among specimens from a similar location, suggesting a common environmental influence. Three western Atlantic specimens have average delta C-13 values of -15.7 parts per thousand, -16.3 parts per thousand, and -16.1 parts per thousand, with the most depleted values from the oldest specimen. The oldest specimen records an enrichment in C-13 of 0.5 parts per thousand corresponding to the Little Ice Age. All three specimens show a depletion of C-13 over the past 150 yrs corresponding to the delta C-13 Suess Effect. The fourth specimen from the Gulf of Mexico has an average delta C-13 value of -16.4 parts per thousand and shows no trend in C-13 value with time. All four specimens contain an enrichment in N-15 over the most recent 75 yrs, with the largest enrichment (3 parts per thousand) in the Gulf of Mexico specimen. This enrichment is likely a result of increased terrestrial effluent (sewage and manure) reaching the offshore specimens. C1 [Williams, B.] GEOTOP UQAM McGill, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Risk, M. J.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Ross, S. W.] UNC W, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Sulak, K. J.] USGS, Ctr Aquat Resource Studies, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Williams, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, 125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM williams.2789@osu.edu NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 437 EP 447 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 249BV UT WOS:000252202700011 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BM Gale, WL Ostrand, KG AF Kennedy, Benjamen M. Gale, William L. Ostrand, Kenneth G. TI Relationship between smolt gill Na+, K+ ATPase activity and migration timing to avian predation risk of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a large estuary SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; PENOBSCOT RIVER; CASPIAN TERNS; HATCHERY; SMOLTIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; WILD AB We examined avian predation risk of juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) migrating through the Columbia River Estuary in relation to their osmoregulatory physiology, body length, rearing conditions (hatchery or wild), migration timing, and migration year. From 2003 to 2006, mean gill Na+, K+ ATPase activity of migrating wild steelhead was greater than hatchery steelhead. Hatchery steelhead were always longer than wild steelhead. Wild steelhead never had higher plasma [Na+] or osmolality levels than hatchery fish after seawater challenge trials conducted in 2004, 2005, and 2006. More passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from hatchery fish (19%; 126 of 678 fish) were detected on East Sand Island among bird nesting colonies than PIT tags of wild fish (14%; 70 of 509 fish), presumably consumed by birds. As gill Na+, K+ ATPase activity and migration date within a year increased, the probability of an individual fish being eaten by an avian predator decreased. Length, rear type, and year were not related to predation risk. These results show that physiology and migration timing of juvenile steelhead play an important role in a migrant's risk to avian predation within an estuary. C1 [Kennedy, Benjamen M.; Gale, William L.; Ostrand, Kenneth G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM benjamen_kennedy@fws.gov NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1506 EP 1516 DI 10.1139/F07-117 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 240NU UT WOS:000251595100004 ER PT J AU Margolis, EQ Swetnam, TW Allen, CD AF Margolis, Ellis Q. Swetnam, Thomas W. Allen, Craig D. TI A stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests of the southern Rocky Mountains SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SUB-ALPINE FOREST; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; USA; WILDFIRE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY AB Dendroecological techniques were applied to reconstruct stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Fourteen stand-replacing fires were dated to 8 unique fire years (18421901) using four lines of evidence at each of 12 sites within the upper Rio Grande Basin. The four lines of evidence were (i) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) inner-ring dates, (h) fire-killed conifer bark-ring dates, (iii) tree-ring width changes or other morphological indicators of injury, and (iv) fire scars. The annual precision of dating allowed the identification of synchronous stand-replacing fire years among the sites, and co-occurrence with regional surface fire events previously reconstructed from a network of fire scar collections in lower elevation pine forests across the southwestern United States. Nearly all of the synchronous stand-replacing and surface fire years coincided with severe droughts, because climate variability created regional conditions where stand-replacing fires and surface fires burned across ecosystems. Reconstructed stand-replacing fires that predate substantial Anglo-American settlement in this region provide direct evidence that stand-replacing fires were a feature of high-elevation forests before extensive and intensive land-use practices (e.g., logging, railroad, and mining) began in the late 19th century. C1 [Margolis, Ellis Q.; Swetnam, Thomas W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn HCR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Margolis, EQ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, 105 W Stadium, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ellisqm@ltrr.arizona.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184 NR 63 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 19 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2227 EP 2241 DI 10.1139/X07-079 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 254OH UT WOS:000252595400015 ER PT J AU Grundel, R Pavlovic, NB AF Grundel, Ralph Pavlovic, Noel B. TI Response of bird species densities to habitat structure and fire history along a Midwestern open-forest gradient SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE bird density; fire frequency; nonparametric multiplicative regression; oak savanna; restoration; seasonal effects; tree density ID OAK SAVANNAS; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; MODELS AB Oak savannas were historically common but are currently rare in the Midwestern United States. We assessed possible associations of bird species with savannas and other threatened habitats in the region by relating fire frequency and vegetation characteristics to seasonal densities of 72 bird species distributed across an open-forest gradient in northwestern Indiana. About one-third of the species did not exhibit statistically significant relationships with any combination of seven vegetation characteristics that included vegetation cover in Five vertical strata, dead tree density, and tree height. For 40% of the remaining species, models best predicting species density incorporated tree density. Therefore, management based solely on manipulating tree density may not be an adequate strategy for managing bird populations along this open-forest gradient. Few species exhibited sharp peaks in predicted density under habitat conditions expected in restored savannas, suggesting that few savanna specialists occur among Midwestern bird species. When fire frequency, measured over fifteen years, was added to vegetation characteristics as a predictor of species density, it was incorporated into models for about one-quarter of species, suggesting that fire may modify habitat characteristics in ways that are important for birds but not captured by the structural habitat variables measured. Among those species, similar numbers had peaks in predicted density at low, intermediate, or high fire frequency. For species suggested by previous studies to have a preference for oak savannas along the open-forest gradient, estimated density was maximized at an average fire return interval of about one fire every three years. C1 [Grundel, Ralph; Pavlovic, Noel B.] Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Grundel, R (reprint author), Great Lakes Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM rgrundel@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 734 EP 749 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[734:ROBSDT]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600002 ER PT J AU Miller, DA Grand, JB Fondell, TF Anthony, RM AF Miller, David A. Grand, James B. Fondell, Thomas F. Anthony, R. Michael TI Optimizing nest survival and female survival: Consequences of nest site selection for Canada Geese SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE daily survival rate; female survival; nest site selection; nest survival; predatorprey relationships; vegetation ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PREDATION RISK; IDENTIFYING PREDATORS; TRADE-OFFS; POPULATION; BIRDS; MALLARDS; REPRODUCTION; CONCEALMENT; HYPOTHESIS AB We examined the relationship between attributes of nest sites used by Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in the Copper River Delta, Alaska, and patterns in nest and female survival. We aimed to determine whether nest site attributes related to nest and female survival differed and whether nest site attributes related to nest survival changed within and among years. Nest site attributes that we examined included vegetation at and surrounding the nest, as well as associations with other nesting birds. Optimal nest site characteristics were different depending on whether nest survival or female survival was examined. Prior to 25 May, the odds of daily survival for nests in tall shrubs and on islands were 2.92 and 2.26 times greater, respectively, than for nests in short shrub sites. Bald Eagles (Halieaeetus leueocephalus) are the major predator during the early breeding season and their behavior was likely important in determining this pattern. After 25 May, when eagle predation is limited due to the availability of alternative prey, no differences in nest survival among the nest site types were found. In addition, nest survival was positively related to the density of other Canada Goose nests near the nest site. Although the number of detected mortalities for females was relatively low, a clear pattern was found, with mortality three times more likely at nest sites dominated by high shrub density within 50 m than at open sites dominated by low shrub density. The negative relationship of nest concealment and adult survival is consistent with that found in other studies of ground-nesting birds. Physical barriers that limited access to nest sites by predators and sites that allowed for early detection of predators were important characteristics of nest site quality for Canada Geese and nest site quality shifted within seasons, likely as a result of shifting predator-prey interactions. C1 [Miller, David A.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grand, James B.] Auburn Univ, US Geol Survey, Alabama Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Fondell, Thomas F.; Anthony, R. Michael] Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Miller, DA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci II, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM millerda@iastate.edu RI Miller, David/E-4492-2012 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 769 EP 780 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[769:ONSAFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600004 ER PT J AU Matz, AC Rocque, DA AF Matz, Angela C. Rocque, Deborah A. TI Contaminants in Lesser Scaup eggs and blood from Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; contaminants; inorganic elements; lead; Lesser Scaup; persistent organic pollutants; strontium ID SPECTACLED EIDERS; HEAVY-METALS; BIRD EGGS; LEAD; EGGSHELLS; SURVIVAL; ORGANOCHLORINE; HYPOTHESES; STRONTIUM; FEMALE AB Documented declines in Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) populations may be caused by several factors, including reduced reproductive success or survival from exposure to environmental contaminants during winter, migration, or breeding. We evaluated organochlorines and inorganic elements in Lesser Scaup blood (n=14) and eggs (n=10) from a breeding area in the relatively pristine Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in interior Alaska. Most contaminants were not at concentrations of concern. Lead was detected in only four blood samples, with an average when detected (0.29 mg kg(-1) wet weight [ww]) slightly above background levels (0.20 mg kg(-1) ww). Our study area had little or no hunting, but since lead exposure is correlated with hunting pressure, lead should be evaluated in other Lesser Scaup breeding areas. Strontium in eggs (mean = 10.90 mg kg(-1) dry weight [dw]) was significantly negatively correlated with eggshell thickness. Eggshell thickness was also 18% lower than in museum specimens, a percentage associated with population declines in other species, and was not correlated with other contaminants. Few comparative data in the literature exist, but productivity in this breeding area was low (mean nest success = 12%), so further research on the effects of strontium on productivity through the mechanism of eggshell thinning is needed. Most environmental contaminants are unlikely to be affecting Lesser Scaup populations breeding in interior Alaska, but lead and strontium should be studied further. C1 [Matz, Angela C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Rocque, Deborah A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Matz, AC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 110, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM Angela_Matz@fws.gov NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 852 EP 861 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[852:CILSEA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600010 ER PT J AU Sonsthagen, SA Talbot, SL McCracken, KG AF Sonsthagen, Sarah A. Talbot, Sandy L. McCracken, Kevin G. TI Genetic characterization of Common Eiders breeding in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Common Eider; gene flow; population genetic structure; Somateria mollissima ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; DUCK SOMATERIA-MOLLISSIMA; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COALESCENT APPROACH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; MIGRATION RATES AB We assessed population genetic subdivision among four colonies of Common Eiders (Somateria niollissima v-nigrum) breeding in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska, using microsatellite genotypes and DNA sequences with differing modes of inheritance. Significant, albeit low, levels of genetic differentiation were observed between mainland populations and Kigigak Island for nuclear intron lamin A and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Intercolony variation in haplotypic frequencies also was observed at mtDNA. Positive growth signatures assayed from microsatellites, nuclear introns, and mtDNA indicate recent colonization of the YKD, and may explain the low levels of structuring observed. Gene flow estimates based on microsatellites, nuclear introns, and mtDNA suggest asymmetrical gene flow between mainland colonies and Kigigak Island, with more individuals on average dispersing from mainland populations to Kigigak Island than vice versa. The directionality of gene flow observed may be explained by the colonization of the YKD from northern glacial refugia or by YKD metapopulation dynamics. C1 [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sonsthagen, Sarah A.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Talbot, Sandy L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sonsthagen, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MSC 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM sonsthagens@si.edu RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 878 EP 893 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[878:GCOCEB]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600013 ER PT J AU Thogmartin, WE Gray, BR Gallagher, M Young, N Rohweder, JJ Knutson, MG AF Thogmartin, Wayne E. Gray, Brian R. Gallagher, Maureen Young, Neal Rohweder, Jason J. Knutson, Melinda G. TI Power to detect trend in short-term time series of bird abundance SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE floodplain habitat; Missouri River; point counts; Poisson regression; power; trend estimation; underdispersion ID POPULATION TRENDS; POINT COUNTS AB Avian point counts for population monitoring are often collected over a short timespan (e.g., 3-5 years). We examined whether power was adequate (power >= 0.80) in short-duration studies to warrant the calculation of trend estimates. We modeled power to detect trends in abundance indices of eight bird species occurring across three floodplain habitats (wet prairies early successional forest, and mature forest) as a function of trend magnitude, sample size, and species-specific sampling and among-year variance components. Point counts (5 min) were collected from 365 locations distributed among 10 study sites along the lower Missouri River; counts were collected over the period 2002 to 2004. For all study species, power appeared adequate to detect trends in studies of short duration (three years) at a single site when exponential declines were relatively large in magnitude (more than -5% year(-1)) and the sample of point counts per year was >= 30. Efforts to monitor avian trends with point counts in small managed lands (i.e., refuges and parks) should recognize this sample size restriction by including point counts from offsite locations as a means of obtaining sufficient numbers of samples per strata. Trends of less than -5% year(-1) are not likely to be consistently detected for most species over the short term, but short-term monitoring may still be useful as the basis for comparisons with future surveys. C1 [Thogmartin, Wayne E.; Gray, Brian R.; Rohweder, Jason J.; Knutson, Melinda G.] Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Gallagher, Maureen; Young, Neal] Big Muddy Natl Fish & Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Gallagher, Maureen] Appalachian Partnership Coordinat Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Wise, VA 24293 USA. [Young, Neal] Natl Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. [Knutson, Melinda G.] Regions 3 & 5 Biol Monitoring Team, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Thogmartin, WE (reprint author), Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM wthogmartin@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 943 EP 948 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2007)109[943:PTDTIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 248QY UT WOS:000252170600018 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM AF Dorazio, Robert M. TI On the choice of statistical models for estimating occurrence and extinction from animal surveys SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; detection probability; imperiled species; occurrence probability; point counts; presence-absence; proportion of area occupied; site occupancy ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; ABUNDANCE; COUNTS; IMPERFECT; RATES; SIZE AB In surveys of natural animal populations the number of animals that are present and available to be detected at a sample location is often low, resulting in few or no detections. Low detection frequencies are especially common in surveys of imperiled species; however, the choice of sampling method and protocol also may influence the size of the population that is vulnerable to detection. In these circumstances, probabilities of animal occurrence and extinction will generally be estimated more accurately if the models used in data analysis account for differences in abundance among sample locations and for the dependence between site-specific abundance and detection. Simulation experiments are used to illustrate conditions wherein these types of models can be expected to outperform alternative estimators of population site occupancy and extinction. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Stat, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Stat, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bdorazio@ufl.edu NR 19 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 88 IS 11 BP 2773 EP 2782 DI 10.1890/07-0006.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233CL UT WOS:000251067900014 PM 18051646 ER PT J AU Cutler, DR Edwards, TC Beard, KH Cutler, A Hess, KT AF Cutler, D. Richard Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Beard, Karen H. Cutler, Adele Hess, Kyle T. TI Random forests for classification in ecology SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive logistic regression; classification trees; LDA; logistic regression; machine learning; partial dependence plots; random forests; species distribution models ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; MODELS; LANDSCAPE AB Classification procedures are some of the most widely used statistical methods in ecology. Random forests (RF) is a new and powerful statistical classifier that is well established in other disciplines but is relatively unknown in ecology. Advantages of RF compared to other statistical classifiers include (1) very high classification accuracy; (2) a novel method of determining variable importance; (3) ability to model complex interactions among predictor variables; (4) flexibility to perform several types of statistical data analysis, including regression, classification, survival analysis, and unsupervised learning; and (5) an algorithm for imputing missing values. We compared the accuracies of RF and four other commonly used statistical classifiers using data on invasive plant species presence in Lava Beds National Monument, California, USA, rare lichen species presence in the Pacific Northwest, USA, and nest sites for cavity nesting birds in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA. We observed high classification accuracy in all applications as measured by cross-validation and, in the case of the lichen data, by independent test data, when comparing RF to other common classification methods. We also observed that the variables that RF identified as most important for classifying invasive plant species coincided with expectations based on the literature. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources & Ecol Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cutler, DR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Richard.Cutler@usu.edu RI Beard, Karen/B-7177-2011 NR 14 TC 858 Z9 878 U1 54 U2 352 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 88 IS 11 BP 2783 EP 2792 DI 10.1890/07-0539.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233CL UT WOS:000251067900015 PM 18051647 ER PT J AU Koons, DN Holmes, RR Grand, JB AF Koons, David N. Holmes, Randall R. Grand, James B. TI Population inertia and its sensitivity to changes in vital rates and population structure SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inertia; life history; population momentum; population structure; sensitivity; stable age distribution; stable equivalent ratio ID GRADUAL DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONS; REPRODUCTIVE VALUE; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH RATE; MOMENTUM; DYNAMICS; MATRIX; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; MODELS AB Because the (st)age structure of a population may rarely be stable, studies of transient population dynamics and population momentum are becoming ever more popular. Yet, studies of "population momentum'' are restricted in the sense that they describe the inertia of population size resulting from a demographic transition to the stationary population growth rate. Although rarely mentioned, inertia in population size is a general phenomenon and can be produced by any demographic transition or perturbation. Because population size is of central importance in demography, conservation, and management, formulas relating the sensitivity of population inertia to changes in underlying vital rates and population structure could provide much-needed insight into the dynamics of populations with unstable (st)age structure. Here, we derive such formulas, which are readily computable, and provide examples of their potential use in studies of life history and applied arenas of population study. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Max Planck Inst Demographic Res, D-18057 Rostock, Germany. Auburn Univ, Coll Sci & Math, Dept Math & Stat, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, USGS, Alabama Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Koons, DN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Alabama Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM david.koons@usu.edu NR 67 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 88 IS 11 BP 2857 EP 2867 DI 10.1890/06-1801.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 233CL UT WOS:000251067900023 PM 18051655 ER PT J AU Wei, Z Moldowan, JM Fago, F Dahl, JE Cai, C Peters, KE AF Wei, Zhibin Moldowan, J. Michael Fago, Fred Dahl, Jeremy E. Cai, Chunfang Peters, Kenneth E. TI Origins of thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols in petroleum SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL SULFATE REDUCTION; SULFUR; DIAGENESIS; RESERVOIRS; BASIN; RATES AB Thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols are orders of magnitude more abundant in oil altered by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) than they are in nonaltered oil. This suggests that thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols form during TSR. In order to prove this hypothesis, we perform laboratory TSR experiments on diverse organic compounds using sodium sulfate as an oxidant in the presence of elemental sulfur and deionized water at 200 and 350 degrees C for 48 and 96 h under acidic conditions (pH = 4). Our results show that thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols can be created from non-sulfur-containing diamondoids by TSR. It seems likely that diamondoid species are organic precursors of thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols. In addition, thiocholesterol yields trace quantities of dimethyl-2-thiaadamantanes when heated with montmorillonite at 200 degrees C, suggesting that these diamondoid derivatives may partly originate by molecular rearrangement of polycyclic sulfides and thiols in the presence of acidic clay minerals since they also exist in crude oil that has not undergone TSR. The present study of these heteroatomic cage compounds improves understanding of TSR and can be used to reduce risk in petroleum exploration. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wei, Z (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM weizhibin@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 3431 EP 3436 DI 10.1021/ef'7003333 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 234LF UT WOS:000251164900056 ER PT J AU Rowe, BL Toccalino, PL Moran, MJ Zogorski, JS Price, CV AF Rowe, Barbara L. Toccalino, Patricia L. Moran, Michael J. Zogorski, John S. Price, Curtis V. TI Occurrence and potential human-health relevance of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from domestic wells in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE domestic wells; drinking-water quality; human health; volatile organic compounds AB BACKGROUND: As the population and demand for safe drinking water from domestic wells increase, it is important to examine water quality and contaminant occurrence. A national assessment in 2006 by the U.S. Geological Survey reported findings for 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCS) based on 2,401 domestic wells sampled during 1985-2002. OBJECTIVES: We examined the occurrence of individual and multiple VOCs and assessed the potential human-health relevance of VOC concentrations. We also identified hydrogeologic and anthropogenic variables that influence the probability of VOC occurrence. METHODS: The domestic well samples were collected at the wellhead before treatment of water and analyzed for 55 VOCs. Results were used to examine VOC occurrence and identify associations of multiple explanatory variables using logistic regression analyses. We used a screening-level assessment to compare VOC concentrations to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) and health-based screening levels. RESULTS: We detected VOCs in 65% of the samples; about one-half of these samples contained VOC mixtures. Frequently detected VOCs included chloroform, toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and perchloroethene. VOC concentrations generally were < 1 mu g/L. One or more VOC concentrations were greater than MCLs in 1.2% of samples, including dibromochloropropane, 1,2-dichloropropane, and ethylene dibromide (fumigants); perchloroethene and trichloroethene (solvents); and 1, 1 -dichloroethene (organic synthesis compound). CONCLUSIONS: Drinking water supplied by domestic wells is vulnerable to low-level VOC contamination. About 1% of samples had concentrations of potential human-health concern. Identifying factors associated with VOC occurrence may aid in understanding the sources, transport, and fate of VOCs in groundwater. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Rowe, BL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM blrowe@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 33 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1539 EP 1546 DI 10.1289/ehp.10253 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 228YY UT WOS:000250769700016 PM 18007981 ER PT J AU Polyakov, V Fares, A Kubo, D Jacobi, J Smith, C AF Polyakov, V. Fares, A. Kubo, D. Jacobi, J. Smith, C. TI Evaluation of a non-point source pollution model, AnnAGNPS, in a tropical watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE watershed; modeling; AnnAGNPS; erosion; water quality ID AGNPS MODEL; SOIL-EROSION; SCALE; SEDIMENT; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; RAINFALL; SYSTEM; FOREST AB Impaired water quality caused by human activity and the spread of invasive plant and animal species has been identified as a major factor of degradation of coastal ecosystems in the tropics. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of AnnAGNPS (Annualized Non-Point Source Pollution Model), in simulating runoff and soil erosion in a 48 km(2) watershed located on the Island of Kauai, Hawaii. The model was calibrated and validated using 2 years of observed stream flow and sediment load data. Alternative scenarios of spatial rainfall distribution and canopy interception were evaluated. Monthly runoff volumes predicted by AnnAGNPS compared well with the measured data (R-2 = 0.90, P < 0.05); however, up to 60% difference between the actual and simulated runoff were observed during the driest months (May and July). Prediction of daily runoff was less accurate (R-2 = 0.55, P < 0.05). Predicted and observed sediment yield on a daily basis was poorly correlated (R-2 = 0.5, P < 0.05). For the events of small magnitude, the model generally overestimated sediment yield, while the opposite was true for larger events. Total monthly sediment yield varied within 50% of the observed values, except for May 2004. Among the input parameters the model was most sensitive to the values of ground residue cover and canopy cover. It was found that approximately one third of the watershed area had low sediment yield (0-1 t ha(-1) Y-1), and presented limited erosion threat. However, 5% of the area had sediment yields in excess of 5 t ha(-1) y(-1). Overall, the model performed reasonably well, and it can be used as a management too] on tropical watersheds to estimate and compare sediment loads, and identify "hot spots" on the landscape. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Polyakov, V (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM viktor@hawaii.edu NR 43 TC 39 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1617 EP 1627 DI 10.1016/j.envost.2006.12.001 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192WD UT WOS:000248233200006 ER PT J AU Syphard, AD Yang, J Franklin, J He, HS Keeley, JE AF Syphard, Alexandra D. Yang, Jian Franklin, Janet He, Hong S. Keeley, Jon E. TI Calibrating a forest landscape model to simulate frequent fire in Mediterranean-type shrublands SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE LANDIS; mediterranean-type ecosystems; southern California; fire regime; plant functional type; calibration; scenario analysis; landscape model ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; REGIMES; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; CLASSIFICATION; DISTURBANCES AB In Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), fire disturbance influences the distribution of most plant communities, and altered fire regimes may be more important than climate factors in shaping future MTE vegetation dynamics. Models that simulate the high-frequency fire and post-fire response strategies characteristic of these regions will be important tools for evaluating potential landscape change scenarios. However, few existing models have been designed to simulate these properties over long time frames and broad spatial scales. We refined a landscape disturbance and succession (LANDIS) model to operate on an annual time step and to simulate altered fire regimes in a southern California Mediterranean landscape. After developing a comprehensive set of spatial and non-spatial variables and parameters, we calibrated the model to simulate very high fire frequencies and evaluated the simulations under several parameter scenarios representing hypotheses about system dynamics. The goal was to ensure that observed model behavior would simulate the specified fire regime parameters, and that the predictions were reasonable based on current understanding of community dynamics in the region. After calibration, the two dominant plant functional types responded realistically to different fire regime scenarios. Therefore, this model offers a new alternative for simulating altered fire regimes in MTE landscapes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Syphard, AD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM asyphard@yahoo.com RI Yang, Jian/H-3169-2011; OI Yang, Jian/0000-0002-2170-589X; He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1641 EP 1653 DI 10.1016/j.envost.2007.01.004 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192WD UT WOS:000248233200008 ER PT J AU Smith, PN Cobb, GP Godard-Codding, C Hoff, D McMurry, ST Rainwater, TR Reynolds, KD AF Smith, Philip N. Cobb, George P. Godard-Codding, Celine Hoff, Dale McMurry, Scott T. Rainwater, Thomas R. Reynolds, Kevin D. TI Contaminant exposure in terrestrial SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE exposure; terrestrial; vertebrate; contaminant; assessment ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; CROCODILE CROCODYLUS-MORELETII; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION MODEL; TURTLE TRACHEMYS-SCRIPTA; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; BLACK-FOOTED FERRETS; TOAD BUFO-AMERICANUS; MINK MUSTELA-VISON AB Here we review mechanisms and factors influencing contaminant exposure among terrestrial vertebrate wildlife. There exists a complex mixture of biotic and abiotic factors that dictate potential for contaminant exposure among terrestrial and semi-terrestrial vertebrates. Chemical fate and transport in the environment determine contaminant bioaccessibility. species-specific natural history characteristics and behavioral traits then play significant roles in the likelihood that exposure pathways, from source to receptor, are complete. Detailed knowledge of natural history traits of receptors considered in conjunction with the knowledge of contaminant behavior and distribution on a site are critical when assessing and quantifying exposure. We review limitations in our understanding of elements of exposure and the unique aspects of exposure associated with terrestrial and semi-terrestrial taxa. We provide insight on taxa-specific traits that contribute, or limit exposure to, transport phenomenon that influence exposure throughout terrestrial systems, novel contaminants, bioavailability, exposure data analysis, and uncertainty associated with exposure in wildlife risk assessments. Lastly, we identify areas related to exposure among terrestrial and semi-terrestrial organisms that warrant additional research. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Ecol Serv Field Off, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Smith, PN (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM phil.smith@ttu.edu NR 352 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 IS 1 BP 41 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.009 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236AU UT WOS:000251276200006 PM 17706848 ER PT J AU Gutrich, JJ VanGelder, E Loope, L AF Gutrich, John J. VanGelder, Ellen Loope, Lloyd TI Potential economic impact of introduction and spread of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in Hawaii SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; red imported fire ant; control costs; environmental economics ID SUGARCANE BORER LEPIDOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; LOUISIANA SUGARCANE; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; MANAGEMENT; INVASION; POPULATIONS; PYRALIDAE; CAROLINA AB Globally, many invasive alien species have caused extensive ecological and economic damage from either accidental or intentional introduction. The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, has created billions of dollars in costs annually, spreading as an invasive species across the southern United States. In 1998, the red imported fire ant spread into California creating a highly probable future introduction via shipped products to Hawaii. This paper presents the estimation of potential economic impacts of the red imported fire ant (RIFA) to the state of Hawaii. Evaluation of impacts focuses on the economic sectors of (1) households, (2) agriculture (cattle and crop production), (3) infrastructure (cemeteries, churches, cities, electrical, telephone, and cable services, highways, hospitals and schools), (4) recreation, tourism and business (hotels/resort areas, golf courses, commercial businesses and tourists), and (5) government expenditures (with minimal intervention). The full annual economic costs of the red imported fire ant to Hawaii are estimated (in US$ 2006) to be $211 million/year, comprised of $77 million in damages and expenditures and $134 million in foregone outdoor opportunities to households and tourists. The present value of the projected costs of RIFA over a 20-year period after introduction total $2.5 billion. RIFA invasions across the globe indicate that economic cost-effective action in Hawaii entails implementation of prevention, early detection and rapid response treatment programs for RIFA. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hawaii Pacific Univ, Environm Sci Program, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Haleakala Field Stn, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. RP Gutrich, JJ (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Environm Sci Program, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM jgutrich@hpu.edu NR 80 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 EI 1873-6416 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7-8 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2007.03.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236LZ UT WOS:000251305800009 ER PT J AU Gandhi, N Bhavsar, SP Diamond, ML Kuwabara, JS AF Gandhi, Nilima Bhavsar, Satyendra P. Diamond, Miriam L. Kuwabara, James S. TI Development of a mercury speciation, fate, and biotic uptake (biotranspec) model: Application to lahontan reservoir (Nevada, USA) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; fate/transport; speciation/complexation; bioaccumulation; modeling ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CONCENTRATED BOG-WATER; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MASS-BALANCE; COMPLEXATION REACTIONS; INORGANIC CHEMICALS; QUANTITATIVE WATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FUGACITY MODEL AB A mathematically linked mercury transport, speciation, kinetic, and simple biotic uptake (BIOTRANSPEC) model has been developed. An extension of the metal transport and speciation (TRANSPEC) model, BIOTRANSPEC estimates the fate and biotic uptake of inorganic (Hg(II)), elemental (Hg(0)) and organic (MeHg) forms of mercury and their species in the dissolved, colloidal (e.g., dissolved organic matter [DOM]), and particulate phases of surface aquatic systems. A pseudo-steady state version of the model was used to describe mercury dynamics in Lahontan Reservoir (near Carson City, NV, USA), where internal loading of the historically deposited mercury is remobilized, thereby maintaining elevated water concentrations. The Carson River is the main source of total mercury (THg), of which more than 90% is tightly bound in a gold-silver-mercury amalgam, to the system through loadings in the spring, with negligible input from the atmospheric deposition. The speciation results suggest that aqueous species are dominated by Hg-DOM, Hg(OH)(2), and HgClOH. Sediment-to-water diffusion of MeHg and Hg-DOM accounts for approximately 10% of total loadings to the water column. The water column acts as a net sink for MeHg by reducing its levels through two competitive processes: Uptake by fish, and net MeHg demethylation. Although reservoir sediments produce significant amounts of MeHg (4 g/d), its transport from sediment to water is limited (1.6 g/d), possibly because of its adsorption on metal oxides of iron and manganese at the sediment-water interface. Fish accumulate approximately 45% of the total MeHg mass in the water column, and 9% of total MeHg uptake by fish leaves the system because of fishing. Results from this new model reiterate the previous conclusion that more than 90% of THg input is retained in sediment, which perpetuates elevated water concentrations. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Diamond, ML (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, 200 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. EM miriam.diamond@utoronto.ca RI Diamond, Miriam/D-1770-2013; OI Diamond, Miriam/0000-0001-6296-6431; Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 NR 90 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2260 EP 2273 DI 10.1897/06-468R.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 221XM UT WOS:000250260700003 PM 17941724 ER PT J AU Martin, TE Auer, SK Bassar, RD Niklison, AM Lloyd, P AF Martin, Thomas E. Auer, Sonya K. Bassar, Ronald D. Niklison, Alina M. Lloyd, Penn TI Geographic variation in avian incubation periods and parental influences on embryonic temperature SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE development rates; developmental trade-offs; egg temperature; life history; nest attentiveness; nest predation; parental care; passerines ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; EGG TEMPERATURE; NEST PREDATION; GROWTH-RATES; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; NATURAL-SELECTION; INTRINSIC GROWTH; ALTRICIAL BIRDS; TROPICAL BIRDS; RAPID GROWTH AB Theory predicts shorter embryonic periods in species with greater embryo mortality risk and smaller body size. Field studies of 80 passerine species on three continents yielded data that largely conflicted with theory; incubation (embryonic) periods were longer rather than shorter in smaller species, and egg (embryo) mortality risk explained some variation within regions, but did not explain larger differences in incubation periods among geographic regions. Incubation behavior of parents seems to explain these discrepancies. Bird embryos are effectively ectothermic and depend on warmth provided by parents sitting on the eggs to attain proper temperatures for development. Parents of smaller species, plus tropical and southern hemisphere species, commonly exhibited lower nest attentiveness (percent of time spent on the nest incubating) than larger and northern hemisphere species. Lower nest attentiveness produced cooler minimum and average embryonic temperatures that were correlated with longer incubation periods independent of nest predation risk or body size. We experimentally tested this correlation by swapping eggs of species with cool incubation temperatures with eggs of species with warm incubation temperatures and similar egg mass. Incubation periods changed (shortened or lengthened) as expected and verified the importance of egg temperature on development rate. Slower development resulting from cooler temperatures may simply be a cost imposed on embryos by parents and may not enhance offspring quality. At the same time, incubation periods of transferred eggs did not match host species and reflect intrinsic differences among species that may result from nest predation and other selection pressures. Thus, geographic variation in embryonic development may reflect more complex interactions than previously recognized. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Cape Town, DST NRF Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst African Ornithol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM tom.martin@umontana.edu; myioborus@yahoo.com; rdbassar@yahoo.com; alina.niklison@mso.umt.edu; Penn.Lloyd@uct.ac.za RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 72 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD NOV PY 2007 VL 61 IS 11 BP 2558 EP 2569 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00204.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 226JZ UT WOS:000250586600009 PM 17714499 ER PT J AU Seeb, LW Antonovich, A Banks, AA Beacham, TD Bellinger, AR Blankenship, SM Campbell, AR Decovich, NA Garza, JC Guthrie, CM Lundrigan, TA Moran, P Narum, SR Stephenson, JJ Supernault, KJ Teel, DJ Templin, WD Wenburg, JK Young, SE Smith, CT AF Seeb, L. W. Antonovich, A. Banks, A. A. Beacham, T. D. Bellinger, A. R. Blankenship, S. M. Campbell, A. R. Decovich, N. A. Garza, J. C. Guthrie, C. M., III Lundrigan, T. A. Moran, P. Narum, S. R. Stephenson, J. J. Supernault, K. J. Teel, D. J. Templin, W. D. Wenburg, J. K. Young, S. E. Smith, C. T. TI Development of a standardized DNA database for Chinook salmon SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PACIFIC SALMON; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; FISHERIES AB An international multi-laboratory project was conducted to develop a standardized DNA database for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). This project was in response to the needs of the Chinook Technical Committee of the Pacific Salmon Commission to identify stock composition of Chinook salmon caught in fisheries during their oceanic migrations. Nine genetics laboratories identified 13 microsatellite loci that could be reproducibty assayed in each of the laboratories. To test that the loci were reproducible among laboratories, blind tests were conducted to verify scoring consistency for the nearly 500 total alleles. Once standardized, a dataset of over 16,000 Chinook salmon representing 110 putative populations was constructed ranging throughout the area of interest of the Pacific Salmon Commission from Southeast Alaska to the Sacramento River in California. The dataset differentiates the major known genetic lineages of Chinook salmon and provides a tool for genetic stock identification of samples collected from mixed fisheries. A diverse group of scientists representing the disciplines of fishery management, genetics, fishery administration, population dynamics, and sampling theory are now developing recommendations for the integration of these genetic data into ocean salmon management. C1 [Seeb, L. W.; Antonovich, A.; Lundrigan, T. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Decovich, N. A.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Banks, A. A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Beacham, T. D.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Blankenship, S. M.] Ctr Sci, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Campbell, A. R.] Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, CO USA. [Garza, J. C.] Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Guthrie, C. M., III] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auk Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. [Lundrigan, T. A.] Univ Victorias Ctr Biomed Res, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Teel, D. J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Narum, S. R.] Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Comm, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Wenburg, J. K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Fish & Wildlife Res Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Young, S. E.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Smith, C. T.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Div Commercial Fisheries, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Seeb, LW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lseeb@u.washington.edu OI Bellinger, M. Renee/0000-0001-5274-9572 NR 33 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2007 VL 32 IS 11 BP 540 EP 552 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[540:DOASDD]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 243IC UT WOS:000251789000007 ER PT J AU Willard, DA Cronin, TM AF Willard, Debra A. Cronin, Thomas M. TI Paleoecology and ecosystem restoration: case studies from Chesapeake Bay and the Florida Everglades SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; HISTORICAL TRENDS; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; SEDIMENT CORES; UNITED-STATES; EUTROPHICATION; RECONSTRUCTION; USA; TRIBUTARIES AB Climate extremes that cause droughts, floods, or large temperature fluctuations can complicate ecosystem restoration efforts focused on local and regional human disturbance. Restoration targets are often based primarily on monitoring data and modeling simulations, which provide information on species' short-term response to disturbance and environmental variables. Consequently, the targets may be unsustainable under the spectrum of natural variability inherent in the system or under future climate change. Increasingly, ecologists and restoration planners recognize the value of the long temporal perspective provided by paleoecological data. Advances in paleoclimatology, including better climate proxy methods and temporal resolution, contribute to our understanding of ecosystem response to anthropogenic and climatic forcing at all time scales. We highlight paleoecological research in the Chesapeake Bay and the Florida Everglades and summarize the resulting contributions to restoration planning. Integration of paleoecological, historic, monitoring, and modeling efforts will lead to the development of sustainable, adaptive management strategies for ecosystem restoration. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Willard, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dwillard@usgs.gov NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 5 IS 9 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1890/070015 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227MD UT WOS:000250659900007 ER PT J AU Wilson, A Ruppel, C AF Wilson, A. Ruppel, C. TI Salt tectonics and shallow subseafloor fluid convection: models of coupled fluid-heat-salt transport SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE brine; heat flow; pore water; salt tectonics; thermohaline circulation ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; THERMOHALINE CONVECTION; THERMAL MATURATION; SEDIMENTARY BASIN; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; MUD VOLCANOS; GAS HYDRATE; SOUTH TEXAS; OVERPRESSURE; CONSTRAINTS AB Thermohaline convection associated with salt domes has the potential to drive significant fluid flow and mass and heat transport in continental margins, but previous studies of fluid flow associated with salt structures have focused on continental settings or deep flow systems of importance to petroleum exploration. Motivated by recent geophysical and geochemical observations that suggest a convective pattern to near-seafloor pore fluid flow in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoMex), we devise numerical models that fully couple thermal and chemical processes to quantify the effects of salt geometry and seafloor relief on fluid flow beneath the seafloor. Steady-state models that ignore halite dissolution demonstrate that seafloor relief plays an important role in the evolution of shallow geothermal convection cells and that salt at depth can contribute a thermal component to this convection. The inclusion of faults causes significant, but highly localized, increases in flow rates at seafloor discharge zones. Transient models that include halite dissolution show the evolution of flow during brine formation from early salt-driven convection to later geothermal convection, characteristics of which are controlled by the interplay of seafloor relief and salt geometry. Predicted flow rates are on the order of a few millimeters per year or less for homogeneous sediments with a permeability of 10(-15) m(2), comparable to compaction-driven flow rates. Sediment permeabilities likely fall below 10(-15) m(2) at depth in the GoMex basin, but such thermohaline convection can drive pervasive mass transport across the seafloor, affecting sediment diagenesis in shallow sediments. In more permeable settings, such flow could affect methane hydrate stability, seafloor chemosynthetic communities, and the longevity of fluid seeps. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Wilson, A (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM awilson@geol.sc.edu OI Wilson, Alicia/0000-0002-1113-6267; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1468-8115 EI 1468-8123 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2007.00191.x PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 221YJ UT WOS:000250263000001 ER PT J AU Drenth, BJ Finn, CA AF Drenth, Benjamin J. Finn, Carol A. TI Aeromagnetic mapping of the structure of Pine Canyon caldera and Chisos Mountains intrusion, Big Bend National Park, Texas SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE magnetic anomalies; Trans-Pecos Texas; Pine Canyon caldera; intrusions; magnetic exploration; ash-flow tuff ID TRANS-PECOS TEXAS; TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; EULER DECONVOLUTION; 3 DIMENSIONS; NEW-ZEALAND; EVOLUTION; COLLAPSE; DOWNSAG; MEXICO; MAGNETIZATION AB Analysis of aeromagnetic and gravity data reveals new details of the structure, igneous geology, and temporal evolution of the prominent, enigmatic ca. 32 Ma Pine Canyon caldera and the Chisos Mountains (Big Bend National Park, Texas). The main caldera-filling Pine Canyon Rhyolite, the oldest member of the South Rim Formation, is reversely magnetized, allowing it to be used as a key marker bed for determining caldera fill thickness. Modeling of gravity and magnetic anomalies indicates that the Pine Canyon Rhyolite is probably thicker in the northeastern part of the caldera. Lineaments in the magnetic data suggest the presence of buried faults beneath the caldera that may have led to increased downdrop in the northeast versus the southwest, allowing a thicker section of caldera fill to accumulate there. The Pine Canyon caldera has been interpreted as a downsag caldera because it lacks surficial faulting, so these inferred faults are the first mapped features there that could be responsible for caldera collapse. The caldera boundary correlates well with the margins of a gravity low. General features of the caldera match well with basic models of downsag calderas, meaning that the Pine Canyon caldera may be a classic example of downsagging, of which few well-described examples exist, in terms of a geophysical signature. The source of a long-wavelength magnetic high over the Chisos Mountains is interpreted as a previously unknown broad intrusion, the long axis of which trends parallel to a major crustal boundary related to the Ouachita orogeny or an even earlier Precambrian margin. This feature represents the largest intrusion (28-34 km diameter, 1-4 km thick, 700-3000 km(3) in volume) in an area where relatively small laccoliths are ubiquitous. The intrusion most likely represents a long-lived (> 1 m.y.) reservoir replenished by small batches of magma of varying composition, as reflected in the variation of eruptive products from the Pine Canyon and Sierra Quemada calderas. The intrusion may represent the easternmost occurrence of voluminous Tertiary magmatism in the southwestern United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Drenth, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 964, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM bdrenth@usgs.gov; cfinn@usgs.gov RI Drenth, Benjamin/D-8780-2013 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 119 IS 11-12 BP 1521 EP 1534 DI 10.1130/B26150.1 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 225UN UT WOS:000250543800016 ER PT J AU Bindeman, IN Watts, KE Schmitt, AK Morgan, LA Shanks, PWC AF Bindeman, Ilya N. Watts, Kathryn E. Schmitt, Axel K. Morgan, Lisa A. Shanks, Pat W. C. TI Voluminous low delta O-18 magmas in the late Miocene Heise volcanic field, Idaho: Implications for the fate of Yellowstone hotspot calderas SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxygen isotopes; zircon; U-Pb age; caldera; remelting; low delta O-18 ID SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; SILICIC MAGMAS; LOW-DELTA-O-18 RHYOLITES; LARGE-VOLUME; GENESIS; ZIRCON; USA AB We report oxygen isotope compositions of phenocrysts and U-Pb ages of zircons in four large caldera-forming ignimbrites and postcaldera lavas of the Heise volcanic field, a nested caldera complex in the Snake River Plain, that preceded volcanism in Yellowstone. Early eruption of three normal delta O-18 voluminous ignimbrites with = 6.4%o and delta O-18(zircon) = 4.8%, started at Heise at 6.6 Ma, and was followed by a 2%o-3%o O-18 depletion in the subsequent 4.45 Ma Kilgore caldera cycle that includes the 1800 km(3) Kilgore ignimbrite, and post-Kilgore intracaldera lavas with delta O-18(quartz) = 4.3% and delta O-18(zircon) = 1.5%. The Kilgore ignimbrite represents the largest known low-delta O-18 magma in the Snake River Plain and worldwide. The post-Kilgore low delta O-18 volcanism likely represents the waning stages of silicic magmatism at Heise, prior to the reinitiation of normal delta O-18 silicic volcanism 100 km to the northeast at Yellowstone. The occurrence of low delta O-18 magmas at Heise and Yellowstone hallmarks a mature stage of individual volcanic cycles in each caldera complex. Sudden shifts in delta O-18 of silicic magmas erupted from the same nested caldera complexes argue against any inheritance of the low delta O-18 signature from mantle or crustal sources. Instead, delta O-18 age trends indicate progressive remelting of low delta O-18 hydrothermally altered intracaldera rocks of previous eruptions. This trend may be generally applicable to older caldera complexes in the Snake River Plain that are poorly exposed. C1 Univ Oregon 1272, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Bindeman, IN (reprint author), Univ Oregon 1272, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM bindeman@uoregon.edu RI Schmitt, Axel/A-1279-2010; Bindeman, Ilya/D-2497-2012; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 OI Bindeman, Ilya/0000-0003-2778-9083; NR 16 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 16 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1019 EP 1022 DI 10.1130/G24141A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 225UO UT WOS:000250543900015 ER PT J AU Redfield, TF Scholl, DW Fitzgerald, PG Beck, ME AF Redfield, T. F. Scholl, David W. Fitzgerald, Paul G. Beck, Myrl E., Jr. TI Escape tectonics and the extrusion of Alaska: Past, present, and future SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Anatolia; orocline; extrusion; escape; Denali Tintina; fault; Bering Sea ID BERING STRAIT REGION; DENALI FAULT SYSTEM; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHERN ALASKA; PLATE; DEFORMATION; ASIA; PALEOMAGNETISM; CONSTRAINTS; OROCLINE AB The North Pacific Rim is a tectonically active plate boundary zone, parts of which may be characterized as a laterally moving orogenic stream. Crustal blocks are transported along large-magnitude strike-slip faults in western Canada and central Alaska toward the Aleutian-Bering Sea subduction zones. Throughout much of the Cenozoic, at and west of its Alaskan nexus, the North Pacific Rim orogenic Stream (NPRS) has undergone tectonic escape. During transport, relatively rigid blocks acquired paleomagnetic rotations and fault-juxtaposed boundaries while flowing differentially through the system, from their original point of accretion and entrainment toward the free face defined by the Aleutian-Bering Sea subduction zones. Built upon classical terrane tectonics, the NPRS model provides a new framework with which to view the mobilistic nature of the western North American plate boundary zone. C1 Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Redfield, TF (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway, Leiv Eirikssens Vei 39, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 23 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 2007 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1039 EP 1042 DI 10.1130/G23799A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 225UO UT WOS:000250543900020 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF AF Pollitz, F. F. TI Finite-frequency traveltime tomography of San Francisco Bay region crustal velocity structure SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE body waves; finite-frequency traveltimes; seismic tomography ID SEISMIC SURFACE-WAVES; FRECHET KERNELS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; UPPER MANTLE; LOMA-PRIETA; EARTHQUAKE; SEISMOTECTONICS; HETEROGENEITY; SCATTERING; INVERSION AB Seismic velocity structure of the San Francisco Bay region crust is derived using measurements of finite-frequency traveltimes. A total of 57 801 relative traveltimes are measured by cross-correlation over the frequency range 0.5-1.5 Hz. From these are derived 4862 'summary' traveltimes, which are used to derive 3-D P-wave velocity structure over a 341 x 140 km(2) area from the surface to 25 km depth. The seismic tomography is based on sensitivity kernels calculated on a spherically symmetric reference model. Robust elements of the derived P-wave velocity structure are: a pronounced velocity contrast across the San Andreas fault in the south Bay region (west side faster); a moderate velocity contrast across the Hayward fault (west side faster); moderately low velocity crust around the Quien Sabe volcanic field and the Sacramento River delta; very low velocity crust around Lake Berryessa. These features are generally explicable with surface rock types being extrapolated to depth similar to 10 km in the upper crust. Generally high mid-lower crust velocity and high inferred Poisson's ratio suggest a mafic lower crust. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 171 IS 2 BP 630 EP 656 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03532.x PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 220GR UT WOS:000250145700013 ER PT J AU Dolley, TP AF Dolley, Thomas P. TI Mineral resource of the month: Industrial sand and gravel SO GEOTIMES LA English DT News Item C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Dolley, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 11 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 228ZY UT WOS:000250772300023 ER PT J AU Watts, K AF Watts, Kathryn TI Yellowstone and Heise: Supervolcanoes that lighten up SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Natl Ion Microprobe Facil, Los Angeles, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Watts, K (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 11 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 228ZY UT WOS:000250772300024 ER PT J AU Feldman, J Tilling, RI AF Feldman, Joanne Tilling, Robert I. TI Danger Lurks Deep: The Human Impact of Volcanoes SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Emergency Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Feldman, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Emergency Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 11 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 228ZY UT WOS:000250772300025 ER PT J AU Euskirchen, ES Mcguire, AD Chapin, FS AF Euskirchen, E. S. Mcguire, A. D. Chapin, F. S., III TI Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20th century warming SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE albedo; climate change; Pan-arctic; snow melt; snow return ID SOIL THERMAL DYNAMICS; BOREAL FOREST; GLOBAL CLIMATE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; WATER EXCHANGES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; HEMISPHERE; ALBEDO; VARIABILITY AB The warming associated with changes in snow cover in northern high-latitude terrestrial regions represents an important energy feedback to the climate system. Here, we simulate snow cover-climate feedbacks (i.e. changes in snow cover on atmospheric heating) across the Pan-arctic over two distinct warming periods during the 20th century, 1910-1940 and 1970-2000. We offer evidence that increases in snow cover-climate feedbacks during 1970-2000 were nearly three times larger than during 1910-1940 because the recent snow-cover change occurred in spring, when radiation load is highest, rather than in autumn. Based on linear regression analysis, we also detected a greater sensitivity of snow cover-climate feedbacks to temperature trends during the more recent time period. Pan-arctic vegetation types differed substantially in snow cover-climate feedbacks. Those with a high seasonal contrast in albedo, such as tundra, showed much larger changes in atmospheric heating than did those with a low seasonal contrast in albedo, such as forests, even if the changes in snow-cover duration were similar across the vegetation types. These changes in energy exchange warrant careful consideration in studies of climate change, particularly with respect to associated shifts in vegetation between forests, grasslands, and tundra. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Euskirchen, ES (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffese@uaf.edu OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 43 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 7 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 13 IS 11 BP 2425 EP 2438 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01450.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 221YH UT WOS:000250262800015 ER PT J AU Shapiro, AM AF Shapiro, Allen M. TI Publishing our "Ugly babies" SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Shapiro, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 655 EP 655 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00351.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 225DV UT WOS:000250498200001 PM 17973737 ER PT J AU Mehl, S AF Mehl, Steffen TI Forward model nonlinearity versus inverse model nonlinearity SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB The issue of concern is the impact of forward model nonlinearity on the nonlinearity of the inverse model. The question posed is, "Does increased nonlinearity in the head solution (forward model) always result in increased nonlinearity in the inverse solution (estimation of hydraulic conductivity)?" It is shown that the two nonlinearities are separate, and it is not universally true that increased forward model nonlinearity increases inverse model nonlinearity. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Mehl, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM swmehl@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00372.x PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 225DV UT WOS:000250498200020 PM 17973757 ER PT J AU Vroblesky, DA Chapelle, FH Bradley, PM AF Vroblesky, Don A. Chapelle, Francis H. Bradley, Paul M. TI A simple pore water hydrogen diffusion syringe sampler SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED H-2; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; AQUIFER; TETRACHLOROETHENE; SEDIMENTS; SULFATE AB Molecular hydrogen (H(2)) is an important intermediate product and electron donor in microbial metabolism. Concentrations of dissolved H(2) are often diagnostic of the predominant terminal electron-accepting processes in ground water systems or aquatic sediments. H(2) concentrations are routinely measured in ground water monitoring wells but are rarely measured in saturated aquatic sediments due to a lack of simple and practical sampling methods. This report describes the design and development (including laboratory and field testing) of a simple, syringe-based H(2) sampler in (1) saturated, riparian sediments, (2) surface water bed sediments, and (3) packed intervals of a fractured bedrock borehole that are inaccessible by standard pumped methods. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Vroblesky, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM dvroblesk@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 798 EP 802 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00362.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 225DV UT WOS:000250498200022 PM 17973759 ER PT J AU Jocque, M Graham, T Brendonck, L AF Jocque, Merlijn Graham, Tim Brendonck, Luc TI Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE rock pool; community structure; ephemeral; permanence; primary production ID SPECIES RICHNESS; TEMPORARY POOLS; MODEL SYSTEMS; HABITAT; ECOLOGY; MICROCOSMS; DIVERSITY; PONDS; BIODIVERSITY; PREDATION AB We used three isolated clusters of small ephemeral rock pools on a sandstone flat in Utah to test the importance of local structuring processes on aquatic invertebrate communities. In the three clusters we characterized all ephemeral rock pools (total: 27) for their morphometry, and monitored their water quality, hydrology and community assemblage during a full hydrocycle. In each cluster we also sampled a set of more permanent interconnected freshwater systems positioned in a wash, draining the water from each cluster of rock pools. This design allowed additional testing for the potential role of more permanent water bodies in the region as source populations for the active dispersers and the effect on the community structure in the rock pools. Species richness and community composition in the rock pools correlated with level of permanence and the ammonia concentration. The length of the rock pool inundation cycle shaped community structure, most probably by inhibiting colonization by some taxa (e. g. tadpoles and insect larvae) through developmental constraints. The gradient in ammonia concentrations probably reflects differences in primary production. The more permanent water bodies in each wash differed both environmentally and in community composition from the connected set of rock pools. A limited set of active dispersers was observed in the rock pools. Our findings indicate that aquatic invertebrate communities in the ephemeral rock pools are mainly structured through habitat permanence, possibly linked with biotic interactions and primary production. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Aquat Ecol Lab, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. USGS, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Jocque, M (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Aquat Ecol Lab, Beriotstr 32, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM Merlijn.Jocque@bio.kuleuven.ac.be NR 51 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2007 VL 592 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-0766-7 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206TE UT WOS:000249205000015 ER PT J AU Yager, RM Kappel, WM Plummer, LN AF Yager, Richard M. Kappel, William M. Plummer, L. Niel TI Origin of halite brine in the Onondaga Trough near Syracuse, New York state, USA: modeling geochemistry and variable-density flow SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Brine; simulation; geochemistry; density-dependent flow ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SALT-DISSOLUTION; WATER; SIMULATION; AQUIFER; CANADA; BASIN; TRANSPORT; ISOTOPES; IMPACT AB Halite brine (saturation ranging from 45 to 80%) lies within glacial sediments that fill the Onondaga Trough, a bedrock valley deepened by Pleistocene glaciation near Syracuse, New York State, USA. The most concentrated brine occupies the northern end of the trough, about 10km downgradient of the northern limit of halite beds in the Silurian Salina Group, the assumed source of salt. The chemical composition of the brine and its radiocarbon age suggest that the brine originally formed about 16,700 years ago through dissolution of halite by glacial melt water and later mixed with saline bedrock water. Two hypotheses regarding the formation of the brine pool were tested through variable-density flow simulations using SEAWAT. Simulation results supported the first hypothesis that the brine pool was derived from a source in the glacial sediments and then migrated to its current position, where it has persisted for over 16,000 years. A second hypothesis that the brine pool formed through steady accumulation of brine from upward flow of a source in the underlying bedrock was not supported by simulation results, because the simulated age distribution was much younger than the age estimated from geochemical modeling. C1 US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Yager, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ithaca, NY USA. EM ryager@usgs.gov; wkappel@usgs.gov; nplummer@usgs.gov OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1321 EP 1339 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0186-9 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 232ZW UT WOS:000251061200009 ER PT J AU Spencer, RGM Pellerin, BA Bergamaschi, BA Downing, BD Kraus, TEC Smart, DR Dahgren, RA Hernes, PJ AF Spencer, Robert G. M. Pellerin, Brian A. Bergamaschi, Brian A. Downing, Bryan D. Kraus, Tamara E. C. Smart, David R. Dahgren, Randy A. Hernes, Peter J. TI Diurnal variability in riverine dissolved organic matter composition determined by in situ optical measurement in the San Joaquin River (California, USA) SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter; absorbance; fluorescence; diurnal; water quality; San Joaquin River ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; FRESH-WATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; UV-RADIATION; CARBON; ABSORPTION; STREAM; UK; MARINE AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and composition in riverine and stream systems are known to vary with hydrological and productivity cycles over the annual and interannual time scales. Rivers are commonly perceived as homogeneous with respect to DOM concentration and composition, particularly under steady flow conditions over short time periods. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of short term variability (<1 day) on DOM dynamics. This study examined whether diurnal processes measurably altered DOM concentration and composition in the hypereutrophic San Joaquin River (California) during a relatively quiescent period. We evaluated the efficacy of using optical in situ measurements to reveal changes in DOM which may not be evident from bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurement alone. The in situ optical measurements described in this study clearly showed for the first time diurnal variations in DOM measurements, which have previously been related to both composition and concentration, even though diurnal changes were not well reflected in bulk DOC concentrations. An apparent asynchronous trend of DOM absorbance and chlorophyll-a in comparison to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence and spectral slope S(290-350) suggests that no one specific CDOM spectrophotometric measurement explains absolutely DOM diurnal variation in this system; the measurement of multiple optical parameters is therefore recommended. The observed diurnal changes in DOM composition, measured by in situ optical instrumentation likely reflect both photochemical and biologically-mediated processes. The results of this study highlight that short-term variability in DOM composition may complicate trends for studies aiming to distinguish different DOM sources in riverine systems and emphasizes the importance of sampling specific study sites to be compared at the same time of day. The utilization of in situ optical technology allows short-term variability in DOM dynamics to be monitored and serves to increase our understanding of its processing and fundamental role in the aquatic environment. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Aqueous Organ Geochem Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Spencer, RGM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Aqueous Organ Geochem Grp, Veihmeyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rgspencer@ucdavis.edu OI Downing, Bryan/0000-0002-2007-5304; Bergamaschi, Brian/0000-0002-9610-5581; Kraus, Tamara/0000-0002-5187-8644 NR 66 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 8 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 23 BP 3181 EP 3189 DI 10.1002/hyp.6887 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 236KG UT WOS:000251301200008 ER PT J AU Paganelli, F Janssen, MA Stiles, B West, R Lorenz, RD Lunine, JI Wall, SD Callahan, P Lopes, RM Stofan, E Kirk, RL Johnson, WTK Roth, L Elachi, C AF Paganelli, F. Janssen, M. A. Stiles, B. West, R. Lorenz, R. D. Lunine, J. I. Wall, S. D. Callahan, P. Lopes, R. M. Stofan, E. Kirk, R. L. Johnson, W. T. K. Roth, L. Elachi, C. CA Radar Team TI Titan's surface from Cassini RADAR SAR and high resolution radiometry data of the first five flybys SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE titan; radar observations; satellites, surfaces; Saturn, satellites ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ICY SATELLITES AB The first five Titan flybys with Cassini's Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) and radiometer are examined with emphasis on the calibration and interpretation of the high-resolution radiometry data acquired during the SAR mode (SAR-radiometry). Maps of the 2-cm wavelength brightness temperature are obtained coincident with the SAR swath imaging, with spatial resolution approaching 6 km. A preliminary calibration shows that brightness temperature in these maps varies from 64 to 89 K. Surface features and physical properties derived from the SAR-radiometry maps and SAR imaging are strongly correlated; in general, we find that surface features with high radar reflectivity are associated with radiometrically cold regions, while surface features with low radar reflectivity correlate with radiometrically warm regions. We examined scatterplots of the normalized radar cross-section sigma(0) versus brightness temperature, finding differing signatures that characterize various terrains and surface features. Implications for the physical and compositional properties of these features are discussed. The results indicate that volume scattering is important in many areas of Titan's surface, particularly Xanadu, while other areas exhibit complex brightness temperature variations consistent with variable slopes or surface material and compositional properties. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Planetary Explorat Grp, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. INAF, IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Proxemy Res, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Paganelli, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM flora.paganeili@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 191 IS 1 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.032 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228XR UT WOS:000250766400016 ER PT J AU Otto, CRV Snodgrass, JW Forester, DC Mitchell, JC Miller, RW AF Otto, Clint R. V. Snodgrass, Joel W. Forester, Don C. Mitchell, Joseph C. Miller, Robert W. TI Climatic variation and the distribution of an amphibian polyploid complex SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anuran; climate modelling; habitat segregation; niche partitioning; polyploidy ID HYLA-CHRYSOSCELIS; GRAY TREEFROGS; HABITAT DIFFERENTIATION; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; BERGMANNS RULE; H-VERSICOLOR; EVOLUTION; PLANTS; FISH; PARTHENOGENESIS AB 1. The establishment of polyploid populations involves the persistence and growth of the polyploid in the presence of the progenitor species. Although there have been a number of animal polyploid species documented, relatively few inquiries have been made into the large-scale mechanisms of polyploid establishment in animal groups. Herein we investigate the influence of regional climatic conditions on the distributional patterns of a diploid-tetraploid species pair of gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis and H. versicolor (Anura: Hylidae) in the mid-Atlantic region of eastern North America. 2. Calling surveys at breeding sites were used to document the distribution of each species. Twelve climatic models and one elevation model were generated to predict climatic and elevation values for gray treefrog breeding sites. A canonical analysis of discriminants was used to describe relationships between climatic variables, elevation and the distribution of H. chrysoscelis and H. versicolor. 3. There was a strong correlation between several climatic variables, elevation and the distribution of the gray treefrog complex. Specifically, the tetraploid species almost exclusively occupied areas of higher elevation, where climatic conditions were relatively severe (colder, drier, greater annual variation). In contrast, the diploid species was restricted to lower elevations, where climatic conditions were warmer, wetter and exhibited less annual variation. 4. Clusters of syntopic sites were associated with areas of high variation in annual temperature and precipitation during the breeding season. 5. Our data suggest that large-scale climatic conditions have played a role in the establishment of the polyploid H. versicolor in at least some portions of its range. The occurrence of the polyploid and absence of the progenitor in colder, drier and more varied environments suggests the polyploid may posses a tolerance of severe environmental conditions that is not possessed by the diploid progenitor. 6. Our findings support the hypothesis that increased tolerance to severe environmental conditions is a plausible mechanism of polyploid establishment. C1 Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. RP Otto, CRV (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. EM cotto@towson.edu NR 50 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1061 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01300.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 218CA UT WOS:000249992400003 PM 17922702 ER PT J AU Martini, M Butman, B Mickelson, MJ AF Martini, Marinna Butman, Bradford Mickelson, Michael J. TI Long-term performance of Aanderaa optodes and sea-bird SBE-43 dissolved-oxygen sensors bottom mounted at 32 m in Massachusetts Bay SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A field evaluation of two new dissolved-oxygen sensing technologies, the Aanderaa Instruments AS optode model 3830 and the Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., model SBE43, was carried out at about 32-m water depth in western Massachusetts Bay. The optode is an optical sensor that measures fluorescence quenching by oxygen molecules, while the SBE43 is a Clark polarographic membrane sensor. Optodes were continuously deployed on bottom tripod frames by exchanging sensors every 4 months over a 19-month period. A Sea-Bird SBE43 was added during one 4-month deployment. These moored observations compared well with oxygen measurements from profiles collected during monthly shipboard surveys conducted by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. The mean correlation coefficient between the moored measurements and shipboard survey data was >0.9, the mean difference was 0.06 mL L-1, and the standard deviation of the difference was 0.15 mL L-1. The correlation coefficient between the optode and the SBE43 was >0.9 and the mean difference was 0.07 mL L-1. Optode measurements degraded when fouling was severe enough to block oxygen molecules from entering the sensing foil over a significant portion of the sensing window. Drift observed in two optodes beginning at about 225 and 390 days of deployment is attributed to degradation of the sensing foil. Flushing is necessary to equilibrate the Sea-Bird sensor. Power consumption by the SBE43 and required pump was 19.2 mWh per sample, and the optode consumed 0.9 mWh per sample, both within expected values based on manufacturers' specifications. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Massachusetts Water Resources Author, Boston, MA USA. RP Martini, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Sci Ctr 384, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mmartini@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1924 EP 1935 DI 10.1175/JTECH2078.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 233WP UT WOS:000251121300007 ER PT J AU Wang, SW Iverson, SJ Springer, AM Hatch, SA AF Wang, Shiway W. Iverson, Sara J. Springer, Alan M. Hatch, Scott A. TI Fatty acid signatures of stomach oil and adipose tissue of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) in Alaska: implications for diet analysis of Procellariiform birds SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fatty acid signature analysis; Fulmarus glacialis; stomach oil; Alaska; diet analysis ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; PUFFINUS-TENUIROSTRIS; SPECIES VARIABILITY; PREDATOR DIETS; FISH; MOBILIZATION; PETRELS; LIPIDS; RATES AB Procellariiforms are unique among seabirds in storing dietary lipids in both adipose tissue and stomach oil. Thus, both lipid sources are potentially useful for trophic studies using fatty acid (FA) signatures. However, little is known about the relationship between FA signatures in stomach oil and adipose tissue of individuals or whether these signatures provide similar information about diet and physiology. We compared the FA composition of stomach oil and adipose tissue biopsies of individual northern fulmars (N = 101) breeding at three major colonies in Alaska. Fatty acid signatures differed significantly between the two lipid sources, reflecting differences in dietary time scales, metabolic processing, or both. However, these signatures exhibited a relatively consistent relationship between individuals, such that the two lipid sources provided a similar ability to distinguish foraging differences among individuals and colonies. Our results, including the exclusive presence of dietary wax esters in stomach oil but not adipose tissue, are consistent with the notion that stomach oil FA signatures represent lipids retained from prey consumed during recent foraging and reflect little metabolic processing, whereas adipose tissue FA signatures represent a longer-term integration of dietary intake. Our study illustrates the potential for elucidating short- versus longer-term diet information in Procellariiform birds using different lipid sources. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Wang, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM shiway@gmail.com NR 60 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 177 IS 8 BP 893 EP 903 DI 10.1007/s00360-007-0187-y PG 11 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 231AV UT WOS:000250919600008 PM 17712565 ER PT J AU Tamone, SL Taggart, SJ Andrews, AG Mondragon, J Nielsen, JK AF Tamone, Sherry L. Taggart, S. James Andrews, Alexander G. Mondragon, Jennifer Nielsen, Julie K. TI The relationship between circulating ecdysteroids and chela allometry in male tanner crabs: Evidence for a terminal molt in the genus Chionoecetes SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALE SNOW CRAB; BAIRDI RATHBUN DECAPODA; INHIBITING HORMONE MIH; AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; FUNCTIONAL MATURITY; CANCER-MAGISTER; SPIDER CRAB; OPILIO; CRUSTACEA AB Whether male Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi, undergo a terminal molt associated with a change in claw allometry has long been debated. We measured molting hormone levels in captured male C. bairdi to assess the potential for molting. We plotted a frequency histogram of chela height to carapace width ratios and found a bimodal distribution of crabs with a ratio of approximately 0.18 separating the two modes. Male crabs with a ratio less than 0.18 were classified as "small-clawed" (SC) while crabs with a ratio greater than 0.18 were classified as "large-clawed" (LC). Circulating molting hormones between SC and LC crabs were compared. Significantly lower ecdysteroid levels were found in LC crabs, indicating that this morphotype had negligible potential for molting. Circulating ecdysteroids were measured in SC males of different shell conditions (soft, new, old, and very old) and no significant differences were found. This research suggests that the molt to LC morphology is a terminal molt. The results front this study have important implications for fisheries management because sub-legal LC males will not recruit into the fishery and removal of larger males may have long term effects on population size structure. C1 Univ Alabama SE, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Tamone, SL (reprint author), Univ Alabama SE, 11120 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM sherry.tamone@uas.alaska.edu; sjtaggart@usgs.gov; a.andrews@uaf.edu; Jennifer.Mondragon@noaa.gov; jk_nielsen@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1651/S-2802.1 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 226RR UT WOS:000250606700014 ER PT J AU Karube, M Fernandino, JI Strobl-Mazzulla, P Strussmann, CA Yoshizaki, G Somoza, GM Patino, R AF Karube, Makiko Fernandino, Juan Ignacio Strobl-Mazzulla, Pablo Strussmann, Carlos Augusto Yoshizaki, Goro Somoza, Gustavo Manuel Patino, Reynaldo TI Characterization and expression profile of the ovarian cytochrome p-450 aromatase (cyp19A1) gene during thermolabile sex determination in pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; HIGH WATER TEMPERATURE; P450 AROMATASE; CDNA CLONING; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE AB Cytochrome P450 aromatase (cyp19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens and may play a role in temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) of reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. In this study, the ovarian P450 aromatase form (cyp19A1) of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis, a teleost with marked TSD, was cloned and its expression profile evaluated during gonadal differentiation at feminizing (17 degrees C, 100% females), mixed-sex producing (24 and 25 degrees C, 73.3 and 26.7% females, respectively), and masculinizing (29 degrees C, 0% females) temperatures. The deduced cyp19A1 amino acid sequence shared high identity I(> 77.8%) with that from other teleosts but had low identity (<61.8%) with brain forms (cyp19A2), including that of pejerrey itself. The tissue distribution analysis of cyp19A1 mRNA in adult fish revealed high expression in the ovary. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of the bodies of larvae revealed that cyp19A1 expression increased before the appearance of the first histological signs of ovarian differentiation at the feminizing temperature but remained low at the masculinizing temperature. The expression levels at mixed-sex producing temperatures were bimodal rather than intermediate, showing low and high modal values similar to those at the feminizing and masculinizing temperatures, respectively. The population percentages of high and low expression levels at intermediate temperatures were proportional to the percentage of females and males, respectively, and high levels were first observed at about the time of sex differentiation of females. These results suggest that cyp19A1 is involved in the process of ovarian formation and possibly also in the TSD of pejerrey. C1 Univ Tokyo, Marine Sci & Technol, Fac Marine Sci, Dept Marine Biosci, Tokyo, Japan. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Tecnol Chascomus, Inst Invest Biotecnol, Chascomus, Argentina. Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Strussmann, CA (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Marine Sci & Technol, Fac Marine Sci, Dept Marine Biosci, Tokyo, Japan. EM carlos@kaiyodai.ac.jp RI Strussmann, Carlos/O-1932-2014; YOSHIZAKI, Goro/O-1937-2014; OI Strobl-Mazzulla, Pablo Hernan/0000-0003-0591-6168; Fernandino, Juan/0000-0003-1754-2802 NR 72 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1932-5223 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 307A IS 11 BP 625 EP 636 DI 10.1002/jez.416 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 219WJ UT WOS:000250118600002 PM 17726668 ER PT J AU Carlson, SM Hendry, AP Letcher, BH AF Carlson, S. M. Hendry, A. P. Letcher, B. H. TI Growth rate differences between resident native brook trout and non-native brown trout SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coexist; growth; interspecific; salmonid; seasonal growth; sympatric ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WATER TEMPERATURE; MINNESOTA STREAM; BODY-SIZE; TRUTTA; SURVIVAL AB Between species and across season variation in growth was examined by tagging and recapturing individual brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta across seasons in a small stream (West Brook, Massachusetts, U. S. A.). Detailed information on body size and growth are presented to (1) test whether the two species differed in growth within seasons and (2) characterize the seasonal growth patterns for two age classes of each species. Growth differed between species in nearly half of the season- and age-specific comparisons. When growth differed, non-native brown trout grew faster than native brook trout in all but one comparison. Moreover, species differences were most pronounced when overall growth was high during the spring and early summer. These growth differences resulted in size asymmetries that were sustained over the duration of the study. A literature survey also indicated that non-native salmonids typically grow faster than native salmonids when the two occur in sympatry. Taken together, these results suggest that differences in growth are not uncommon for coexisting native and non-native salmonids. (C) 2007 The Authors. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Carlson, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM scarlson@soe.ucsc.edu RI Hendry, Andrew/C-5765-2008; OI Hendry, Andrew/0000-0002-4807-6667; Carlson, Stephanie/0000-0003-3055-6483 NR 55 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1430 EP 1447 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01615.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223HY UT WOS:000250362000013 ER PT J AU Eng, K Milly, PCD Tasker, GD AF Eng, Ken Milly, P. C. D. Tasker, Gary D. TI Flood regionalization: A hybrid geographic and predictor-variable region-of-influence regression method SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB To facilitate estimation of streamflow characteristics at an ungauged site, hydrologists often define a region of influence containing gauged sites hydrologically similar to the estimation site. This region can be defined either in geographic space or in the space of the variables that are used to predict streamflow (predictor variables). These approaches are complementary, and a combination of the two may be superior to either. Here we propose a hybrid region-of-influence (HRoI) regression method that combines the two approaches. The new method was applied with strearnflow records from 1,091 gauges in the southeastern United States to estimate the 50-year peak flow (Q(50)). The HRoI approach yielded lower root-mean-square estimation errors and produced fewer extreme errors than either the predictor-variable or geographic region-of-influence approaches. It is concluded, for Q(50) in the study region, that similarity with respect to the basin characteristics considered (area, slope, and annual precipitation) is important, but incomplete, and that the consideration of geographic proximity of stations provides a useful surrogate for characteristics that are not included in the analysis. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Eng, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM keng@usgs.gov; cmilly@usgs.gov; gdtasker@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 12 IS 6 BP 585 EP 591 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2007)12:6(585) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 222SO UT WOS:000250317600004 ER PT J AU Yao, HZ Zhang, R Pojeta, J Sha, JG Wang, E AF Yao, Huazhou Zhang, Renee Pojeta, John, Jr. Sha, Jinggen Wang, Eanxiong TI Late Triassic Megalodontids (bivalvia) from the headwaters of the Yangtze River, Qinghai province, west China SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMBIOSIS AB A bivalve faunule of six species is described from the Upper Triassic Jiapila Formation at the headwaters of the Yangtze River, southern Qinghai, China. The new species, Neomegalodon cornutus and Quemocuomegalodon circularis, are described. The type species of Quemocuomegalodon, Q. orientus, is revised. Quemocuomegalodon orientus Yao, Sha, and Zhang (2003) is now known from abundant, well-preserved specimens that show great variation in shape, size, thickness of shell, and dentition, and the species Q. longitatus, Yao, Sha, and Zhang (2003) is now placed in synonymy with Q. orientus. There are significant morphologic differences between the external appearance of shelled specimens and the internal molds of species of Quemocuomegalodon. This suggests the need for the re-evaluation of many megalodontid species from elsewhere that are known only from internal molds. C1 Minist Land Resources, Yichang Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Yichang 443003, Peoples R China. Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Paleontol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Yao, HZ (reprint author), Minist Land Resources, Yichang Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Yichang 443003, Peoples R China. EM ycyhuazhou@cgs.gov.cn NR 98 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1327 EP 1347 DI 10.1666/05-152.1 PG 21 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 227UV UT WOS:000250684200011 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Swayne, DE Suarez, DL Senne, DA Pedersen, JC Killian, ML Pasick, J Handel, K Pillai, SPS Lee, CW Stallknecht, D Slemons, R Ip, HS Deliberto, T AF Spackman, Erica Swayne, David E. Suarez, David L. Senne, Dennis A. Pedersen, Janice C. Killian, Mary Lea Pasick, John Handel, Katherine Pillai, Smitha P. Somanathan Lee, Chang-Won Stallknecht, David Slemons, Richard Ip, Hon S. Deliberto, Tom TI Characterization of low-pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza viruses from north America SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIVE BIRD MARKETS; A VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; HEMAGGLUTININ; DUCKS; EVOLUTION; WATERFOWL; RESERVOIR; CHICKENS; VACCINES AB Wild-bird surveillance in North America for avian influenza (AI) viruses with a goal of early identification of the Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic AI virus has identified at least six low-pathogenicity H5N1 AI viruses between 2004 and 2006. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from all 6 H5N1 viruses and an additional 38 North American wild-bird-origin H5 subtype and 28 NI subtype viruses were sequenced and compared with sequences available in GenBank by phylogenetic analysis. Both HA and NA were phylogenetically distinct from those for viruses from outside of North America and from those for viruses recovered from mammals. Four of the H5N1 AIviruses were characterized as low pathogenicity by standard in vivo pathotyping tests. One of the H5N1 viruses, A/MuteSwan/MI/451072-2/06, was shown to replicate to low titers in chickens, turkeys, and ducks. However, transmission of A/MuteSwan/MI/451072-2/06 was more efficient among ducks than among chickens or turkeys based on virus shed. The 50% chicken infectious dose for A/MuteSwan/ MI/451072-2/06 and three other wild-waterfowl-origin H5 viruses were also determined and were between 10(5.3) and 10(7.5) 50% egg infective doses. Finally, seven H5 viruses representing different phylogenetic clades were evaluated for their antigenic relatedness by hemagglutination inhibition assay, showing that the antigenic relatedness was largely associated with geographic origin. Overall, the data support the conclusion that North American H5 wild-bird-origin All viruses are low-pathogenicity wild-bird-adapted viruses and are antigenically and genetically distinct from the highly pathogenic Asian H5N1 virus lineage. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA USA. CFIA, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Med, Athens, GA USA. USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Erica.Spackman@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 81 IS 21 BP 11612 EP 11619 DI 10.1128/JVI.01368-07 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 224AM UT WOS:000250417400008 PM 17728231 ER PT J AU Walker, BA Miller, CF Claiborne, LL Wooden, JL Miller, JS AF Walker, B. A., Jr. Miller, C. F. Claiborne, L. Lowery Wooden, J. L. Miller, J. S. TI Geology and geochronology of the Spirit Mountain batholith, southern Nevada: Implications for timescales and physical processes of batholith construction SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE magma chamber; batholith construction; zircon geochronology; granite; Colorado River Extensional Corridor ID SILICIC MAGMA CHAMBERS; EXPOSED CROSS-SECTION; COSO VOLCANIC FIELD; LONG VALLEY; RESIDENCE TIMES; NORTHWESTERN ARIZONA; ELDORADO MOUNTAINS; RANGE PROVINCE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ZEALAND AB The Spirit Mountain batholith (SMB) is a similar to 250 km(2) composite silicic intrusion located within the Colorado River Extensional Corridor in southernmost Nevada. Westward tilting of 40-50 degrees has exposed a cross-section from the roof through deep levels of the batholith. Piecemeal construction is indicated by zircon geochronology, field relations, and elemental geochemistry. Zircon U/Pb data (SHRIMP) demonstrates a similar to 2 million year (17.4-15.3 Ma) history for the SMB. Individual samples contain zircons with ages that span the lifetime of the batholith, suggesting recycling of extant zircon into new magma pulses. Field relations reveal several distinct intrusive episodes and suggest a common injection geometry of stacked horizontal sheets. The largest unit of the SMB is a gradational section (from roof downward) of high-silica leucogranite through coarse granite into foliated quartz monzonite. Solidification of this unit spans most of the history of the batholith. The 25 kin x 2 km leucogranite was emplaced incrementally as subhorizontal sheets over most or all of the history of this section, suggesting repeated fractional crystallization and melt segregation events. The quartz monzonite and coarse granite are interpreted to be cumulate residuum of this fractionation. Age data from throughout this gradational unit show multiple zircon populations within individual samples. Subsequent distinct intrusions that cut this large unit, which include minor populations of zircons that record the ages of earlier events in construction of the batholith, preserve a sheeted, sill-on-sill geometry. We envision the SMB to have been a patchwork of melt-rich, melt-poor, and entirely solid zones throughout its active life. Preservation of intrusion geometries and contacts depended on the consistency of the host rock, Zircons recycled into new pulses of magma document remobilization of previously emplaced crystal mush, suggesting the mechanisms by which evidence for initial construction of the batholith became blurred. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Walker, B. A., Jr.; Miller, C. F.; Claiborne, L. Lowery] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Wooden, J. L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford USGS Micro Analyt Ctr, Sch Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Miller, J. S.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Walker, BA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM walkerb@geo.oregonstate.edu NR 62 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 167 IS 1-4 BP 239 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.12.008 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 243EZ UT WOS:000251779200014 ER PT J AU Paveglio, FL Kilbride, KM AF Paveglio, Fred L. Kilbride, Kevin M. TI Selenium in aquatic birds from central California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; aquatic birds; California; drainage water; irrigation; selenium; shorebirds; waterfowl; water quality; wetlands ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; BIOACCUMULATION; WATERFOWL AB After mostly freshwater replaced agricultural drainage water used for wetland management in 1985, Selenium (Se) concentrations in 3 wintering waterfowl species and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) from the North and South Grasslands of central California, USA, declined in the years from 1986 to 1988 and 1989 to 1994. However, Se concentrations were still above the threshold for potential reproductive impairment and exceeded background levels for some species. Consequently, we measured Se concentrations in aquatic birds in 2005 after long-term use (20 yr) of predominately freshwater for wetland management in the Grasslands. As in 1986-1994, Se concentrations in 2005 were higher for birds from the South Grasslands, which historically received more undiluted drainage water compared with the North Grasslands. Liver Se concentrations for stilts from the South Grasslands were at levels associated with potential reproductive impairment. All species from the South Grasslands, as well as mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), northern pintails (A. acuta), and American coots (Fulica americana) from the North Grasslands, were above species-specific background levels. From 1994 to 2005, Se levels in some aquatic birds stabilized above background levels likely indicating long-term cycling within the Grasslands. We recommend Se-contaminated drainage water (>= 2 ppb Se) not be used for management or allowed as an input into and wetlands throughout the western United States. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat & Cultural Resources, Branch Refuge Biol, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Paveglio, FL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Nat & Cultural Resources, Branch Refuge Biol, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM fred_paveglio@fws.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2550 EP 2555 DI 10.2193/2006-250 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000010 ER PT J AU Stanley, TR Skagen, SK AF Stanley, Thomas R. Skagen, Susan K. TI Estimating the breeding population of long-billed curlew in the United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; double-observer method; long-billed curlew; monitoring; Numenius americanus; population estimation; removal method; roadside bias ID ABUNDANCE; REMOVAL AB Determining population size and long-term trends in population size for species of high concern is a priority of international, national, and regional conservation plans. Long-billed curlews (Numenius americanus) are a species of special concern in North America due to apparent declines in their population. Because long-billed curlews are not adequately monitored by existing programs, we undertook a 2-year study with the goals of 1) determining present long-billed curlew distribution and breeding population size in the United States and 2) providing recommendations for a long-term long-billed curlew monitoring protocol. We selected a stratified random sample of survey routes in 16 western states for sampling in 2004 and 2005, and we analyzed count data from these routes to estimate detection probabilities and abundance. In addition, we evaluated habitat along roadsides to determine how well roadsides represented habitat throughout the sampling units. We estimated there were 164,515 (SE = 42,047) breeding long-billed curlews in 2004, and 109,533 (SE = 31,060) breeding individuals in 2005. These estimates far exceed currently accepted estimates based on expert opinion. We found that habitat along roadsides was representative of long-billed curlew habitat in general. We make recommendations for improving sampling methodology, and we present power curves to provide guidance on minimum sample sizes required to detect trends in abundance. C1 US Geol Survey, Fort Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stanley, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fort Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM stanleyt@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2556 EP 2564 DI 10.2193/2007-023 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000011 ER PT J AU Duerr, AE Donovan, TM Capen, DE AF Duerr, Adam E. Donovan, Therese M. Capen, David E. TI Management-induced reproductive failure and breeding dispersal in double-crested cormorants on Lake Champlain SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE breeding dispersal; double-crested cormorant; egg oiling; egg predation; Lake Champlain; mark-recapture analysis; multistrata modeling; New York; Phalacrocorax auritus; Vermont ID SHAGS PHALACROCORAX-ARISTOTELIS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; MODEL SELECTION; SITE FIDELITY; SUCCESS; POPULATION; INFERENCE; COLONIES; HABITAT AB We studied breeding dispersal of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) associated with management practices that suppressed their reproduction on Lake Champlain in the northeastern United States. We implemented an experiment on one colony by spraying corn oil on cormorant eggs in portions of the colony and leaving other portions untreated. Gulls (Larus spp.) consumed cormorant eggs during the oiling process, but we reduced and then eliminated predation levels after the first year of the study. We used mark-recapture techniques within the experimental framework to measure rates of breeding dispersal for cormorants from the experimental colony and an unmanaged colony in Lake Champlain. Egg oiling increased the movement rate to the unmanaged colony by 3% during the year with no egg predation by gulls. When gulls depredated cormorant eggs at high rates during egg oiling, movement to the unmanaged colony increased by 20%. When cormorants are managed to reduce population sizes, methods that limit dispersal away from the managed colony may be most effective. Such methods would mitigate effects to nontarget populations and allow for a greater portion of the metapopulation to be managed. C1 Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Aiken Ctr, US Geol Survey, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Duerr, AE (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, PO Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM aduerr@wm.edu NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2565 EP 2574 DI 10.2193/2006-527 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000012 ER PT J AU Lantz, SJ Conway, CJ Anderson, SH AF Lantz, Sarah J. Conway, Courtney J. Anderson, Stanley H. TI Multiscale habitat selection by burrowing owls in black-tailed prairie dog colonies SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE athene cunicularia; black-tailed prairie dog; burrowing owl; Cynomys ludovicianus; Great Plains; habitat selection model; information-theoretic; logistic regression; model accuracy; Wyoming ID CONSERVATION; CUNICULARIA; ECOLOGY; MODELS; BASIN AB Some populations of western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) have declined in recent decades. To design and implement effective recovery efforts, we need a better understanding of how distribution and demographic traits are influenced by habitat quality. To this end, we measured spatial patterns of burrowing owl breeding habitat selection within black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in northeastern Wyoming, USA. We compared burrow-, site-, colony-, and landscape-scale habitat parameters between burrowing owl nest burrows (n = 105) and unoccupied burrows (n = 85). We sampled 4 types of prairie dog colonies: 1) owl-occupied, active with prairie dogs (n = 16); 2) owl-occupied, inactive (n = 13); 3) owl-unoccupied, active (n = 14); and 4) owl-unoccupied, inactive (n = 14). We used an information-theoretic approach to examine a set of candidate models of burrowing owl nest-site selection. The model with the most support included variables at all 4 spatial scales, and results were consistent among the 4 types of prairie dog colonies. Nest burrows had longer tunnels, more available burrows within 30 m, and less shrub cover within 30 m, more prairie dog activity within 100 m, and were closer to water than unoccupied burrows. The model correctly classified 76% of cases, all model coefficients were stable, and the model had high predictive ability. Based on our results, we recommend actions to ensure persistence of the remaining prairie dog colonies as an important management strategy for burrowing owl conservation in the Great Plains of North America. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. RP Lantz, SJ (reprint author), Arizona Game & Fish Dept, 3500 S Lake Mary Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM Slantz@azgfd.gov NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2664 EP 2672 DI 10.2193/2006-221 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000022 ER PT J AU Regehr, EV Lunn, NJ Amstrup, SC Stirling, L AF Regehr, Eric V. Lunn, Nicholas J. Amstrup, Steven C. Stirling, Lan TI Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson bay SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; climate change; Cormack-jolly-Seber; Hudson Bay; polar bear; population size; sea ice; survival; Ursus maritimus ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; URSUS-MARITIMUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEAUFORT SEA; FREE PERIOD; TRENDS; AGE; CANADA; MODEL; ABUNDANCE AB Some of the most pronounced ecological responses to climatic warming are expected to occur in polar marine regions, where temperature increases have been the greatest and sea ice provides a sensitive mechanism by which climatic conditions affect sympagic (i.e., with ice) species. Population-level effects of climatic change, however, remain difficult to quantify. We used a flexible extension of Cormack-Jolly-Seber capture-recapture models to estimate population size and survival for polar bears (Ursus maritimus), one of the most ice-dependent of Arctic marine mammals. We analyzed data for polar bears captured from 1984 to 2004 along the western coast of Hudson Bay and in the community of Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. The Western Hudson Bay polar bear population declined from 1,194 (95% CI = 1,020-1,368) in 1987 to 935 (95% CI = 794-1,076) in 2004. Total apparent survival of prime-adult polar bears (5-19 yr) was stable for females (0.93; 95% CI = 0.91-0.94) and males (0.90; 95% CI = 0.88-0.91). Survival of juvenile, subadult, and senescent-adult polar bears was correlated with spring sea ice breakup date, which was variable among years and occurred approximately 3 weeks earlier in 2004 than in 1984. We propose that this correlation provides evidence for a causal association between earlier sea ice breakup (due to climatic warming) and decreased polar bear survival. It may also explain why Churchill, like other communities along the western coast of Hudson Bay, has experienced an increase in human-polar bear interactions in recent years. Earlier sea ice breakup may have resulted in a larger number of nutritionally stressed polar bears, which are encroaching on human habitations in search of supplemental food. Because western Hudson Bay is near the southern limit of the species' range, our findings may foreshadow the demographic responses and management challenges that more northerly polar bear populations will experience if climatic warming in the Arctic continues as projected. C1 Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. RP Regehr, EV (reprint author), Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM eregebr@usgs.gov NR 85 TC 154 Z9 159 U1 15 U2 216 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2673 EP 2683 DI 10.2193/2006-180 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000023 ER PT J AU Alldredge, MW Simons, TR Pollock, KH AF Alldredge, Mathew W. Simons, Theodore R. Pollock, Kenneth H. TI A field evaluation of distance measurement error in auditory avian point count surveys SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abundance; auditory detections; bird surveys; distance estimation; measurement error; point count surveys ID LINE TRANSECT SURVEYS; BIAS AB Detection distance is an important and common auxiliary variable measured during avian point count surveys. Distance data are used to determine the area sampled and to model the detection process using distance sampling theory. In densely forested habitats, visual detections of birds are rare, and most estimates of detection distance are based on auditory cues. Distance sampling theory assumes detection distances are measured accurately, but empirical validation of this assumption for auditory detections is lacking. We used a song playback system to simulate avian point counts with known distances in a forested habitat to determine the error structure of distance estimates based on auditory detections. We conducted field evaluations with 6 experienced observers both before and after distance estimation training. We conducted additional studies to determine the effect of height and speaker orientation (toward or away from observers) on distance estimation error. Distance estimation errors for all evaluations were substantial, although training reduced errors and bias in distance estimates by approximately 15%. Measurement errors showed a nonlinear relationship to distance. Our results suggest observers were not able to differentiate distances beyond 65 m. The height from which we played songs had no effect on distance estimation errors in this habitat. The orientation of the song source did have a large effect on distance estimation errors; observers generally doubled their distance estimates for songs played away from them compared with distance estimates for songs played directly toward them. These findings, which we based on realistic field conditions, suggest measures of uncertainty in distance estimates to auditory detections are substantially higher than assumed by most researchers. This means aural point count estimates of avian abundance based on distance methods deserve careful scrutiny because they are likely biased. C1 N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, United States Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biomath, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Alldredge, MW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mat.alldredge@state.co NR 19 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2759 EP 2766 DI 10.2193/2006-161 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000035 ER PT J AU Demma, DJ Barber-Meyer, SM Mech, LD AF Demma, Dominic J. Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. Mech, L. David TI Testing global positioning system telemetry to study wolf predation on deer fawns SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; Global Positioning System (GPS) collars; movements; Odocoileus virginianus; predation; telemetry; white-tailed deer; wolf ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; DIFFERENTIAL CORRECTION; NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA; ACCURACY; WOLVES AB We conducted a pilot study to test the usefulness of Global Positioning System (GPS) collars for investigating wolf (Canis lupus) predation on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns. Using GPS collars with short location-attempt intervals on 5 wolves and 5 deer during summers 2002-2004 in northeastern Minnesota, USA, demonstrated how this approach could provide new insights into wolf hunting behavior of fawns. For example, a wolf traveled >= 1.5-3.0 km and spent 20-22 hours in the immediate vicinity of known fawn kill sites and >= 0.7 kin and 8.3 hours at scavenging sites. Wolf travel paths indicated that wolves intentionally traveled into deer summer ranges, traveled >= 0.7-4.2 km in such ranges, and spent < 1-22 hours per visit. Each pair of 3 GPS-collared wolf pack members were located together for <= 6% of potential locations. From GPS collar data, we estimated that each deer summer range in a pack territory containing 5 wolves >= 1 year old and hunting individually would be visited by a wolf on average every 3-5 days. This approach holds great potential for investigating summer hunting behavior of wolves in areas where direct observation is impractical or impossible. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Alpine, AZ 85920 USA. Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Demma, DJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM dominic.demma@alaska.gov OI Barber-Meyer, Shannon/0000-0002-3048-2616 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2767 EP 2775 DI 10.2193/2006-382 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000036 ER PT J AU Miller, BJ Reading, RP Biggins, DE Detling, JK Forrest, SC Hoogland, JL Javersak, J Miller, SD Proctor, J Truett, J Uresk, DW AF Miller, Brian J. Reading, Richard P. Biggins, Dean E. Detling, James K. Forrest, Steve C. Hoogland, John L. Javersak, Jody Miller, Sterling D. Proctor, Jonathan Truett, Joe Uresk, Daniel W. TI Prairie dogs: An ecological review and current biopolitics SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE black-tailed prairie dog; competition; Cynomys ludovicianus; dietary overlap; grazing; population trend ID BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; WESTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; FOOD-HABITS; COLONIES; VEGETATION; CATTLE; BISON; CONSEQUENCES AB In recent years, people have interpreted scientific information about the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) in various, and sometimes conflicting, ways. Political complexity around the relationship among black-tailed prairie dogs, agricultural interests, and wildlife has increased in recent years, particularly when prairie dogs occur on publicly owned lands leased to private entities for livestock grazing. Some have proposed that estimates of prairie dog (Cynomys spp.) numbers from 1900 are inflated, that prairie dog grazing is not unique (other grazers have similar affects on vegetation), and that prairie dogs significantly reduce carrying capacity for livestock and wildlife. We address all these issues but concentrate on the degree of competition between prairie dogs and ungulates because this motivates most prairie dog control actions. We conclude that the available information does not justify holding distribution and numbers of prairie dogs at a level that is too low to perform their keystone ecological function. We further conclude that it is especially important that prairie dogs be sufficiently abundant on public lands to perform this function. C1 Wind River Ranch Fdn, Watrous, NM 87753 USA. Denver Zool Fdn, Dept Conservat Biol, Denver, CO 80205 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. World Wildlife Fund, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Univ Maryland, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Ctr Environm Studies, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. Natl Wildlife Federat, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. Defenders Wildlife, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Turner Endangered Species Fund, Glenwood, NM 88039 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Miller, BJ (reprint author), Wind River Ranch Fdn, PO Box 27, Watrous, NM 87753 USA. EM rreading@denverzoo.org RI Detling, James/I-1691-2013; Hoogland, John/B-3950-2015 NR 103 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 9 U2 52 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2801 EP 2810 DI 10.2193/2007-041 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000040 ER PT J AU Bartholow, J AF Bartholow, John TI Economic benefit of fertility control in wild horse populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bureau of Land Management; contraceptive; Equus caballus; feral horses; modeling; porcine zona pellucida (PZP); reproduction; sex ratio ID MANAGEMENT; CONTRACEPTION AB I projected costs for several contraceptive treatments that could be used by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to manage 4 wild horse (Equus caballus) populations. Potential management alternatives included existing roundup and selective removal methods combined with contraceptives of different duration and effectiveness. I projected costs for a 20-year economic life using the WinEquus (c) wild horse population model and state-by-state cost estimates reflecting BLM's operational expenses. Findings revealed that 1) currently available 2-year contraceptives in most situations are capable of reducing variable operating costs by 15%, 2) experimental 3-year contraceptives may be capable of reducing costs by 18%, and 3) combining contraceptives with modest changes to herd sex ratio (e.g., 55-60% M) could trim costs by 30%. Predicted savings can increase when contraception is applied in conjunction with a removal policy that targets horses aged 0-4 years instead of 0-5 years. However, reductions in herd size result in greater variation in annual operating expenses. Because the horse program's variable operating costs make up about half of the total program costs (which include other fixed costs), contraceptive application and management can only reduce total costs by 14%, saving about $6.1 million per year. None of the contraceptive options 1 examined eliminated the need for long-term holding facilities over the 20-year period simulated, but the number of horses held may be reduced by about 17% with contraceptive treatment. Cost estimates were most sensitive to the oldest age adoptable and per-day holding costs. The BLM will experience significant cost savings as carefully designed contraceptive programs become widespread in the wild horse herds it manages. C1 US Geol Survey, Fort Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bartholow, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fort Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM JobnB@Webaccess.Net NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2811 EP 2819 DI 10.2193/2007-064 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000041 ER PT J AU Coon, NC Perry, MC AF Coon, Nancy C. Perry, Matthew C. TI Our respects - Lucille F. Stickel, 1915-2007 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Elmwood, IL 61529 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Coon, NC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Elmwood, IL 61529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2827 EP 2828 DI 10.2193/2007-333 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 230CK UT WOS:000250853000043 ER PT J AU Garrison, V Kroeger, K Fenner, D Craig, P AF Garrison, Virginia Kroeger, Kevin Fenner, Douglas Craig, Peter TI Identifying nutrient sources to three lagoons at Ofu and Olosega, American Samoa using delta N-15 of benthic macroalgae SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DICTYOSPHAERIA-CAVERNOSA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; STABLE ISOTOPES; LIMITED GROWTH; TISSUE; AVAILABILITY; NITRATE; LIGHT; WATER; SEA C1 [Garrison, Virginia] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kroeger, Kevin] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Garrison, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 Fourth St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ginger_garrison@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1830 EP 1838 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.08.016 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 244MR UT WOS:000251870500030 PM 17935740 ER PT J AU Wojcicka, J Yankelevich, R Iorio, S Tinger, A AF Wojcicka, Jadwiga Yankelevich, Rafael Iorio, Stephen Tinger, Alfred TI On-board imager-based MammoSite treatment verification SO MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE mammoSite (R); brachytherapy; high dose rate; partial breast irradiation; on-Board Imager ID BREAST BRACHYTHERAPY APPLICATOR; INITIAL CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; CANCER; LUMPECTOMY; THERAPY AB Contemporary radiation oncology departments are often lacking a conventional simulator due to common use of virtual simulation and recent implementation of image guided radiation therapy. A protocol based on MammoSite((R)) method was developed using CT based planning, a Source Position Simulator (SPS) with a Simulator Wire and a linear accelerator based On-Board Imager (OBI) for daily verification. After MammoSite((R)) balloon implantation, the patient undergoes a CT study. The images are evaluated for tissue conformance, balloon symmetry, and balloon surface to skin distance according to the departmental procedure. Prior to the CT study the SPS is attached to the transfer tube that in turn is attached to the balloon catheter. The length from the indexer to the first dwell position is measured using the simulator wire with X-ray markers. After the CT study is performed, the data set is sent to the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) and to the Nucletron PLATO brachytherapy planning system. The reference digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) of anterior and lateral setup fields are created using Eclipse TPS and are immediately available on the OBI console via the Varian Vision integrated system. The source dwell position coinciding with the balloon center is identified in the CT dataset, followed by the offset calculation, catheter reconstruction, dose points placement and dwell time calculation. OBI fluoroscopy images are acquired and marked as initial. Prior to each treatment fraction balloon diameter and symmetry are evaluated using OBI fluoroscopy and tools available on the OBI console. Acquired images are compared with reference DRRs and/or initial OBI images. The whole process from initial evaluation to daily verification is filmless and does not undermine the precision of the procedure. This verification time does not exceed 10 min. The balloon diameter correlates well (within 1 mm) between initial CT and OBI verification images. The balloon symmetry is defined with 1 mm accuracy using existing OBI console tools. It is feasible to use OBI based simulation for the MammoSite((R)) balloon placement evaluation, balloon integrity daily verification, and treatment dwell position coincidence with balloon center. This verification is a rapid process and is an alternative to the conventional simulator based technique. The simulator wire with X-ray markers for the SPS is the recommended tool for the CT based MammoSite((R)) procedure. C1 Apple Hill Med Ctr, York Canc Ctr, York, PA 17403 USA. No Westchester Hosp, Mt Kisco, NY USA. NWHC, Mt Kisco, NY 10549 USA. RP Wojcicka, J (reprint author), Apple Hill Med Ctr, York Canc Ctr, Suite 94,25 Monument Rd, York, PA 17403 USA. EM jwojcicka@wellspan.org; ryankele@rtsx.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0140-0118 J9 MED BIOL ENG COMPUT JI Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1065 EP 1069 DI 10.1007/s11517-007-0202-1 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 233NO UT WOS:000251097800009 PM 17624565 ER PT J AU Foster, JT Woodworth, BL Eggert, LE Hart, PJ Palmer, D Duffy, DC Fleischer, RC AF Foster, Jeffrey T. Woodworth, Bethany L. Eggert, Lori E. Hart, Patrick J. Palmer, Danielle Duffy, David C. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Genetic structure and evolved malaria resistance in Hawaiian honeycreepers SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; introduced disease; Plasmodium relictum; population structure ID AVIAN MALARIA; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES; PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; NATURAL-SELECTION; FOREST BIRDS; AMAKIHI; DISEASES; PATHOGENICITY; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; AMPLIFICATION AB Infectious diseases now threaten wildlife populations worldwide but population recovery following local extinction has rarely been observed. In such a case, do resistant individuals recolonize from a central remnant population, or do they spread from small, perhaps overlooked, populations of resistant individuals? Introduced avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) has devastated low-elevation populations of native birds in Hawaii, but at least one species (Hawaii amakihi, Hemignathus virens) that was greatly reduced at elevations below about 1000 m tolerates malaria and has initiated a remarkable and rapid recovery. We assessed mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers from amakihi and two other Hawaiian honeycreepers, apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea), at nine primary study sites from 2001 to 2003 to determine the source of re-establishing birds. In addition, we obtained sequences from tissue from amakihi museum study skins (1898 and 1948-49) to assess temporal changes in allele distributions. We found that amakihi in lowland areas are, and have historically been, differentiated from birds at high elevations and had unique alleles retained through time; that is, their genetic signature was not a subset of the genetic variation at higher elevations. We suggest that high disease pressure rapidly selected for resistance to malaria at low elevation, leaving small pockets of resistant birds, and this resistance spread outward from the scattered remnant populations. Low-elevation amakihi are currently isolated from higher elevations (> 1000 m) where disease emergence and transmission rates appear to vary seasonally and annually. In contrast to results from amakihi, no genetic differentiation between elevations was found in apapane and iiwi, indicating that slight variation in genetic or life-history attributes can determine disease resistance and population recovery. Determining the conditions that allow for the development of resistance to disease is essential to understanding how species evolve resistance across a landscape of varying disease pressures. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Foster, JT (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Microbial Genet & Genom, POB 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jeff.foster@nau.edu OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 22 BP 4738 EP 4746 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03550.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 232OE UT WOS:000251028200008 PM 17944845 ER PT J AU Pause, KC Nourisson, C Clark, A Kellogg, ME Bonde, RK McGuire, PM AF Pause, Kimberly C. Nourisson, Coralie Clark, Annmarie Kellogg, Margaret E. Bonde, Robert K. McGuire, Peter M. TI Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE DNA markers; Florida manatee; genetics; microsatellites; sirenia ID SOFTWARE AB Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) are marine mammals that inhabit the coastal waters and rivers of the southeastern USA, primarily Florida. Previous studies have shown that Florida manatees have low mitochondrial DNA variability, suggesting that nuclear DNA loci are necessary for discriminatory analyses. Here we report 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci with an average of 4.2 alleles per locus, and average heterozygosity of 50.1%. These loci have been developed for use in population studies, parentage assignment, and individual identification. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Ctr Oceanog Marseille, Marseille, France. Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Genet Anal Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP McGuire, PM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Box 100245 UFHSC, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM pmcguire@biochem.med.ufl.edu RI Nourisson, Coralie/C-5997-2014; OI Nourisson, Coralie/0000-0003-2442-7490; Tucker, Kimberly/0000-0002-5271-3315; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1076 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01781.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 227HL UT WOS:000250647700041 ER PT J AU Hong, Y Adler, R Verdin, J AF Hong, Yang Adler, Robert Verdin, James TI Use of 21st century satellite remote sensing technology in natural hazard analysis SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GSFC, Code 6131, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM yanghong@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 165 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s11069-007-9133-2 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 217ZS UT WOS:000249986400001 ER PT J AU Artan, G Gadain, H Smith, JL Asante, K Bandaragoda, CJ Verdin, JP AF Artan, Guleid Gadain, Hussein Smith, Jodie L. Asante, Kwabena Bandaragoda, Christina J. Verdin, James P. TI Adequacy of satellite derived rainfall data for stream flow modeling SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE flood forecasting; satellite-based rainfall estimates; remotely sensed rainfall; hydrologic modeling; calibration; validation; Nile river; Mekong river ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE; SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; AFRICA; FLOODS AB Floods are the most common and widespread climate-related hazard on Earth. Flood forecasting can reduce the death toll associated with floods. Satellites offer effective and economical means for calculating areal rainfall estimates in sparsely gauged regions. However, satellite-based rainfall estimates have had limited use in flood forecasting and hydrologic stream flow modeling because the rainfall estimates were considered to be unreliable. In this study we present the calibration and validation results from a spatially distributed hydrologic model driven by daily satellite-based estimates of rainfall for sub-basins of the Nile and Mekong Rivers. The results demonstrate the usefulness of remotely sensed precipitation data for hydrologic modeling when the hydrologic model is calibrated with such data. However, the remotely sensed rainfall estimates cannot be used confidently with hydrologic models that are calibrated with rain gauge measured rainfall, unless the model is recalibrated. C1 Ctr Earth Resources Observ Sci, US Geol Survey, SAIC Contractor, Early Warning & Environm Monitor, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Reg Ctr Mapping Resources Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. Utah State Univ, Utah Water Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Ctr Earth Resources Observ Sci, US Geol Survey, Early Warning & Environm Monitor, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Artan, G (reprint author), Ctr Earth Resources Observ Sci, US Geol Survey, SAIC Contractor, Early Warning & Environm Monitor, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gartan@usgs.gov; hgadain@fews.net; smithjl@usgs.gov; asante@usgs.gov; verdin@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 167 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s11069-007-9121-6 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 217ZS UT WOS:000249986400002 ER PT J AU Sanderson, TB Hubert, WA AF Sanderson, Travis B. Hubert, Wayne A. TI Assessment of gaseous CO2 and AQUI-S as Anesthetics when surgically implanting radio transmitters into cutthroat trout SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLOVE OIL; FISH AB Tricame methanesulfonate (MS-222) and CO2 are anesthetics that can be legally used in fisheries work in the United States, but they are limited in their field applications. A mandatory 21-d withdrawal period is required for fish exposed to MS-222. Carbon dioxide is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but it is a "low regulatory priority drug" that can be used legally for fish anesthesia. However, stressful induction and lengthy recovery times have been associated with CO2. AQUI-S is a clove oil derivative that has the potential to become an approved anesthetic without the limitations of MS-222 or COT We compared the efficacy of CO2 with that of AQUI-S when surgically implanting radio transmitters into cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii. A 20% survival rate was observed when CO2 W as used in combination with silk sutures, but a 100% survival rate was observed when CO2 was used in combination with surgical staples to shorten the duration of the surgical procedure. A 100% survival rate was observed when AQUI-S was used in combination with either silk sutures or surgical staples. Carbon dioxide in combination with surgical staples seemed to provide a reasonable option when surgically implanting radio transmitters into cutthroat trout, but AQUI-S may be the preferred anesthesia because high pH and dissolved oxygen levels and low free-CO2 concentrations are maintained during surgical procedures. C1 [Sanderson, Travis B.; Hubert, Wayne A.] Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1057 DI 10.1577/M06-215.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400001 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Mohler, J Millard, MJ Kehler, T Kahnle, A Hattala, K Kenney, G Higgs, A AF Sweka, John A. Mohler, Jerre Millard, Michael J. Kehler, Thomas Kahnle, Andrew Hattala, Kathryn Kenney, Gregg Higgs, Amanda TI Juvenile Atlantic sturgeon habitat use in Newburgh and Haverstraw bays of the Hudson river: Implications for population monitoring SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; SELECTIVITY; SHORTNOSE; FISHERY; ESTUARY AB Populations of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus are at historically low levels along the Atlantic coast of North America. Atlantic sturgeon is a long-lived species with a complex life history, making population assessment difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine seasonal habitat use by juvenile Atlantic sturgeon in the Hudson River estuary and provide recommendations for future population monitoring. Our study focused on Newburgh and Haverstraw bays in the Hudson River, as these are areas of known juvenile sturgeon concentrations. The habitat within each bay was coarsely stratified according to substrate (hard versus soft) and depth (deep versus shallow). Sampling occurred during fall 2003, spring and fall 2004, and spring and fall 2005. Fall sampling occurred from October through November and spring sampling occurred from March through April. We used anchored gill nets of 76-, 102-, and 127-mm stretch mesh fished together at a sampling site. A total of 562 individual juvenile Atlantic sturgeon were captured during the course of this study (14 were captured more than once), the majority (90%) coming from Haverstraw Bay. Soft and deep habitat comprised only 25% of the available habitat in Haverstraw Bay but yielded the greatest frequency of catches, the highest mean catch per unit effort (CPUE), and lowest variance of CPUE. Catch per unit effort was highest during spring seasons in soft-deep areas of Haverstraw Bay. These results suggest that future population monitoring should focus sampling effort in soft-deep areas of Haverstraw Bay to have the greatest statistical power in detecting population trends. C1 [Sweka, John A.; Mohler, Jerre; Millard, Michael J.; Kehler, Thomas] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Kahnle, Andrew; Hattala, Kathryn] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Hudson River Fisheries Unit, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. [Kenney, Gregg; Higgs, Amanda] New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commi, Hudson River Fisheries Unit, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM john_sweka@fws.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1058 EP 1067 DI 10.1577/M06-198.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400002 ER PT J AU Al-Chokhachy, R Budy, P AF Al-Chokhachy, Robert Budy, Phaedra TI Summer microhabitat use of fluvial bull trout in eastern Oregon streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HABITAT SUITABILITY CRITERIA; UPPER FLATHEAD RIVER; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; FISH HABITAT; BROWN TROUT; MODELS; MONTANA; CONSERVATION; VALIDATION AB The management and recovery of populations of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus requires a comprehensive understanding of habitat use across different systems, life stages, and life history forms. To address these needs, we collected microhabitat use and availability data in three fluvial populations of bull trout in eastern Oregon. We evaluated diet differences in microhabitat use, the consistency of microhabitat use across systems and size-classes based on preference, and our ability to predict bull trout microhabitat use. Diet comparisons suggested bull trout continue to use deeper microhabitats with cover but shift into significantly slower habitats during nighttime periods; however, we observed no discrete differences in substrate use patterns across diet periods. Across life stages, we found that both juvenile and adult bull trout used slow-velocity microhabitats with cover, but the use of specific types varied. Both logistic regression and habitat preference analyses suggested that adult bull trout used deeper habitats than juveniles. Habitat preference analyses suggested that bull trout habitat use was consistent across all three systems, as chi-square tests rejected the null hypotheses that microhabitats were used in proportion to those available (P < 0.0001). Validation analyses indicated that the logistic regression models (juvenile and adult) were effective at predicting bull trout absence across all tests (specificity values = 100%): however. our ability to accurately predict bull trout absence was limited (sensitivity values = 0% across all tests). Our results highlight the limitations of the models used to predict microhabitat use for fish species like bull trout, which occur at naturally low densities. However, our results also demonstrate that bull trout microhabitat use patterns are generally consistent across systems, a pattern that parallels observations at both similar and larger scales and across life history forms. Thus, our results, in combination with previous bull trout habitat studies, provide managers with benchmarks for restoration in highly degraded systems. C1 [Al-Chokhachy, Robert; Budy, Phaedra] Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Al-Chokhachy, R (reprint author), Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM robertal@cc.usu.edu RI Al-Chokhachy, Robert/F-2894-2010; Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1081 DI 10.1577/M06-154.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400003 ER PT J AU Tabor, RA Footen, BA Fresh, KL Celedonia, MT Mejia, F Low, DL Park, L AF Tabor, Roger A. Footen, Brian A. Fresh, Kurt L. Celedonia, Mark T. Mejia, Francine Low, David L. Park, Linda TI Smallmouth bass and largemouth bass predation on juvenile Chinook salmon and other Salmonids in the Lake Washington basin SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; COLUMBIA RIVER; NORTHERN PIKEMINNOW; FISH COMMUNITY; COHO SALMON; PREY; DIET; WALLEYES; HATCHERY; TROUT AB We assessed the impact of predation by smallmouth bass Micropterus dolonmieu and largemouth bass M. salmoides on juveniles of federally listed Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and other anadromous salmonid populations in the Lake Washington system. Bass were collected with boat electrofishing equipment in the south end of Lake Washington (February-June) and the Lake Washington Ship Canal (LWSC; April-July), a narrow waterway that smolts must migrate through to reach the marine environment. Genetic analysis was used to identify ingested salmonids to obtain a more precise species-specific consumption estimate. Overall, we examined the stomachs of 783 smallmouth bass and 310 largemouth bass greater than 100 mm fork length (FL). Rates of predation on salmonids in the south end of Lake Washington were generally low for both black bass species. In the LWSC, juvenile salmonids made up a substantial part of bass diets; consumption of salmonids was lower for largemouth bass than for smallmouth bass. Smallmouth bass predation on juvenile salmonids was greatest in June, when salmonids made up approximately 50% of their diet. In the LWSC, overall black bass consumption of salmonids was approximately 36,000 (bioenergetics model) to 46,000 (meal turnover consumption model) juveniles, of which about one-third was juvenile Chinook salmon, one-third was coho salmon O. kisutch, and one-third was sockeye salmon O. nerka. We estimated that about 2,460,000 juvenile Chinook salmon (hatchery and wild sources combined) were produced in the Lake Washington basin in 1999; thus, the mortality estimates in the LWSC range from 0.5% (bioenergetics) to 0.6% (meal tumover). Black bass prey mostly on subyearlings of each salmonid species. The vulnerability of subyearlings to predation can be attributed to their relatively small size; their tendency to migrate when water temperatures exceed 15 degrees C, coinciding with greater black bass activity; and their use of nearshore areas, where overlap with black bass is greatest. We conclude that under current conditions, predation by smallmouth bass and largemouth bass has a minor impact on Chinook salmon and other salmonid populations in the Lake Washington system. C1 [Tabor, Roger A.; Celedonia, Mark T.; Mejia, Francine; Low, David L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Footen, Brian A.] Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, Auburn, WA 98002 USA. [Park, Linda] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Mol Genet Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Tabor, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM roger_tabor@fws.gov NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1174 EP 1188 DI 10.1577/M05-221.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400012 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JA Thomas, RG AF Jenkins, Jill A. Thomas, R. Glenn TI Use of eyeballs for establishing ploidy of Asian carp SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TRIPLOID GRASS CARP; CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; DNA CONTENT; ERYTHROCYTE MEASUREMENTS; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; POECILIA-FORMOSA; CHANNEL CATFISH; COULTER-COUNTER; UNITED-STATES AB Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, silver carp Hypophthatmichthys molitrix, and bighead carp H. nobilis are now established and relatively common in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Commercial fishers of Louisiana's large rivers report recurrent catches of grass carp, and the frequency of bighead carp and silver carp catch is increasing. Twelve black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus were recently captured from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River system, and 10 were analyzed for ploidy. By using the methods described herein, all 10 fish were determined to be diploid. Such correct identifications of ploidy of feral Asian carp species, as well as other species, would provide science-based information constructive for meeting reporting requirements, tracking fish movements, and forecasting expansion of species distribution. To investigate the postmortem period for sample collection and to lessen demands on field operations for obtaining samples, a laboratory study was performed to determine the length of time for which eyeballs from postmortem black carp could be used for ploidy determinations. Acquiring eyes rather than blood is simpler and quicker and requires no special supplies. An internal DNA reference standard with a documented genome size, including erythrocytes from diploid black carp or Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, was analyzed simultaneously with cells from seven known triploid black carp to assess ploidy through 12 d after extraction. Ploidy determinations were reliable through 8 d postmortem. The field process entails excision of an eyeball, storage in a physiological buffer, and shipment within 8 d at refrigeration temperatures (4 degrees C) to the laboratory for analysis by flow cytometry. C1 [Jenkins, Jill A.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Thomas, R. Glenn] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jenkins, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jill_jenkins@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1195 EP 1202 DI 10.1577/M06-261.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400014 ER PT J AU Hutt, CP Bettoli, PW AF Hutt, Clifford P. Bettoli, Phillip W. TI Preferences, specialization, and management attitudes of trout anglers fishing in Tennessee tailwaters SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RECREATIONAL SPECIALIZATION AB Efforts to manage several trout fisheries in Tennessee have been stymied by conflicts between management agencies and angler groups. To assist in preventing such conflicts in the future, we examined attitudes and motivations of trout anglers who fished eight tailwater fisheries in Tennessee during 2001-2002. Using a stratified random sampling design, anglers were contacted and interviewed on site (n = 2,643). Those anglers who agreed to complete a questionnaire (n 1,942) were mailed a 10-page survey. Response rate to the mail survey was 55% after excluding surveys that were undeliverable. Angler subgroups were created using hierarchical cluster analyses of 14 variables related to experience, resource use, investment, and centrality of fishing to their lifestyle. Five subgroups of minimally to highly specialized anglers were identified, and nonhierarchical cluster analysis determined the size of each group (n = 178-369 anglers/ group). Subgroups differed in the importance they attached to harvesting trout and catching trophy trout. The most disparate mean ratings among subgroups were for the motive of "obtaining fish to eat." Specialized anglers placed greater importance on catching a trophy fish, experiencing the catch, developing their skills, releasing fish, and restrictive regulations than did less-specialized anglers. Mean ratings for most of nine fishing regulations presented to anglers differed among tailwaters; however, bait restrictions and closed seasons received little support across all rivers. The Caney Fork, Clinch, and Hiwassee rivers had the most uniform distributions of anglers among the five subgroups and thus had a relatively high potential for conflicts over management decisions. The fisheries on the Elk, South Fork Holston, and Watauga rivers were dominated by the most specialized subgroups, indicating that the majority of anglers on those rivers would accept restrictive regulations. C1 [Bettoli, Phillip W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Hutt, CP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71611 USA. EM chutt@uaex.edu NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1257 EP 1267 DI 10.1577/M05-215.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400020 ER PT J AU Scace, JG Letcher, BH Noreika, J AF Scace, Justin G. Letcher, Benjamin H. Noreika, John TI An efficient smolt trap for sandy and Debris-Laden streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; ABUNDANCE; STEELHEAD; RIVER AB Tripod weir and box traps are traditionally used to capture and enumerate out-migrating salmonid smolts in short-term studies and in streams where temporary or portable traps are the only practical option. Although traditional traps can be effective when conditions are ideal, they are often unable to withstand high-discharge events in streams containing a large amount of debris or sandy substrates. We created a rotary-screw trap and resistance board weir hybrid design that we evaluated along with a tripod weir and box trap, both in a 6.1-m-wide flume and in the field. The new design outperformed the tripod weir in both situations. The tripod weir failed in 10 min in the flume trial, whereas the new design was still operating at the conclusion of an 8-h trial under the same conditions. The new design operated continuously in the field during a high-discharge event that caused the tripod weir to fail. The new design also required less frequent cleaning than the tripod weir. The trap efficiency of the new design was estimated by using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag antennas and radiotelemetry. The trap was 80% efficient (n = 40) in capturing migrating PIT-tagged individuals detected at an antenna upstream of the trap and 87.5% efficient (it = 48) at recapturing fish that had been tagged and released upstream. With its high efficiency and increased resiliency over the tripod weir, the new trap design will benefit management and research efforts in streams where traditional traps are unsuitable. C1 [Scace, Justin G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Noreika, John] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Scace, JG (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jgsca@conncoll.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1276 EP 1286 DI 10.1577/M07-036.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400022 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Hobbs, MS Brandt, TM AF Mitchell, Andrew J. Hobbs, Melissa S. Brandt, Thomas M. TI The effect of chemical treatments on red-rim melania Melanoides tuberculata, an exotic aquatic snail that serves as a vector of trematodes to fish and other species in the USA SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HONG-KONG; TOLERANCE; MULLER; GILLS AB The red-rim melanin Melanoides tuberculata, a subtropical and tropical snail, is a nonindigenous species that has become established and is spreading in the United States. Of concern is the potential of the red-rim melania to displace native snail populations and to transmit trematodes that cause serious problems. One of these, a fish gill trematode, Centrocestus formosanus, has negatively affected U.S. commercial and wild fish stocks, including some endangered species. The snail has an operculum that can protect it from desiccation and can remain viable for days on dry fisheries equipment. Thus, contaminated fisheries equipment is suspected as one of the ways the snail is being moved from place to place. A study was conducted to find chemical treatments that would kill 100% of the red-rim melanin. Thirteen different chemicals and chemical combinations were evaluated at different concentrations and for various exposure periods. Roccal-D-Plus, Hydrothol 191, mclosamide, and Virkon showed promise in 24-h exposures at concentrations of 20 mg/L active ingredient (AI), 80 mg/L AI, 2 mg/L, and 1,600 mg/L AI, respectively. Additionally, Roccal-D-Plus killed all snails exposed to 2,000 mg/L for 1 h and to 600 mg/L for 16 h. Roccal-D-Plus has a history of use as a disinfectant for fishery equipment. C1 [Mitchell, Andrew J.; Hobbs, Melissa S.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Brandt, Thomas M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dmitchell@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1287 EP 1293 DI 10.1577/M06-252.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400023 ER PT J AU Richards, NS Cawps, SR Brown, ML AF Richards, Nathan S. Cawps, Steven R. Brown, Michael L. TI Stress response and avoidance behavior of fishes as influenced by high-frequency strobe lights SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ELICITING AVOIDANCE; JUVENILE SALMON; INFRASOUND; PLASMA; AIR; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; CORTISOL; STIMULI; BARRIER; SOUND AB We examined the effects of strobe lights on plasma cortisol concentrations and avoidance behavior across a broad range of fish taxa. Representative fish taxa from five families were evaluated and included: Centrarchidae (largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides), Cyprinidae (fathead minnow Pimephales promelas), Ictaluridae (channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus), Percidae (yellow perch Perca flavescens), and Salmonidae (Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Mean (+/- SE) plasma cortisol concentrations for channel catfish (89 +/- 22 ng/mL), yellow perch (81 +/- 39 ng/mL), and Chinook salmon (173 +/- 27 ng/mL) increased significantly compared with those in control groups (50 +/- 11, 3.0 +/- 1.9, and 102 +/- 35 ng/mL, respectively) after I It of exposure to strobe lights. After 7 h of exposure, plasma cortisol levels were similar to those in control groups for all fish taxa. Fathead minnow showed no detectable response to strobe lights at either 1 or 7 It of exposure. Behavior experiments showed that the mean distance moved from the strobe light varied significantly between test and control fish and was highest for largemouth bass (mean distance after 1 h = 8.3 m), followed by Chinook salmon (7.3), yellow perch (7.3), and channel catfish (5.1). In contrast, avoidance behavior by fathead minnow exposed to strobe lights did not differ from that of controls. Although a significant increase in plasma cortisol level was useful for predicting an avoidance response, relative change in cortisol concentration was a poor indicator of sensitivity of individual fish taxa to strobe lights. Direct observations of avoidance behavior revealed that largemouth bass, Chinook salmon, and yellow perch were more sensitive to strobe lights than channel catfish and fathead minnow. Lack of both a cortisol response and avoidance behavior by fathead minnow indicates low sensitivity of this species to strobe lights and warrants further investigation into the effectiveness of strobe lights on cyprinids. C1 [Richards, Nathan S.; Cawps, Steven R.] S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fishy & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Brown, Michael L.] S Dakota State Univ, No Plains Biostress Lab, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Richards, NS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 9053 Route 148,Suite A, Marion, IL 62959 USA. EM Nathan.Richards@state.sd.us NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1310 EP 1315 DI 10.1577/M06-239.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400025 ER PT J AU Barry, PM Carline, RF Argent, DG Kimmel, WG AF Barry, Patrick M. Carline, Robert F. Argent, David G. Kimmel, William G. TI Movement and habitat use of stocked juvenile paddlefish in the Ohio River system, Pennsylvania SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; POLYODON-SPATHULA; ALABAMA RIVER; ADULT AB In 2002 and 2003 we released a total of 66 hatchery-reared, juvenile paddlefish Polyodon spathula (249-318 mm eye-to-fork length) in Pennsylvania's upper Ohio River system and tracked them with radiotelemetry in two different pools of the Ohio and Allegheny rivers to determine (1) poststocking survival, (2) whether release site influences survival, (3) dispersal distance and direction of movement, and (4) habitat selection. Survival was fair (mean = 78% in 2002 and 67% in 2003) for 0.23-0.43-kg paddlefish after 9 weeks. In 2003, fish stocked in the upstream half of the pool had a greater survival (100%) after 63 d than those stocked in the downstream half (44%). Within 4 d of stocking, 77% of juvenile paddlefish were located in tailwaters, and fish found these habitats regardless of stocking location. Habitat measurements at all postdispersal locations had median depths of 5.2 and 6.1 m in 2002 and 2003, respectively, and median near-surface velocities of 0.17 and 0.12 m/s. Fish selected tailwater habitats and avoided habitats with disturbance from commercial barge traffic in both years. C1 [Barry, Patrick M.; Carline, Robert F.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab 113, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Barry, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Klamath Falls Res Stn,2795 Anderson Ave,Suite 106, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. EM pbarry@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1316 EP 1325 DI 10.1577/M06-232.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400026 ER PT J AU Mulli, KE Wilzbach, MA AF Mulli, Kristin E. Wilzbach, Margaret A. TI Selection of spawning sites by coho salmon in a northern California stream SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; CHINOOK SALMON; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT USE; GRAVEL; REDDS; SIZE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; FONTINALIS AB We assessed the relative importance of various factors contributing to spawning site use by a population of threatened coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Freshwater Creek, California, and created a predictive model of spawning habitat selection based on logistic regression analysis. We excluded sampling sites that previous studies had established as unsuitable on the basis of depth and substrate criteria and asked why fish chose particular locations and not others in seemingly suitable habitat. We evaluated surface water velocity, depth, substrate size composition, gravel inflow rates, vertical hydraulic gradient, geomorphic channel units, hyporheic water physicochemistry, cover, and proximity to other redds not in sampling sites during the 2004-2005 spawning season. In univariate comparisons with unused sites, coho salmon selected sites with a smaller median particle diameter, a larger percentage of gravel-pebble substrate, and higher gravel inflow rates. Based on multivariate logistic regression, the probability of a site's being used for spawning was best modeled as a positive function of the gravel-pebble fraction of the substrate, location at a pool or run tail, and the presence of existing redds in close proximity to the site. This model explained 38% of the variation in the data and was a better predictor of spawning habitat use than a more traditional model based on depth, velocity, and substrate. Our results highlight the potential importance of social behavior in contributing to habitat selection by spawning salmonids. C1 [Wilzbach, Margaret A.] Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Mulli, Kristin E.] Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Assoc, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Mulli, KE (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, US Geol Survey, Calif Cooperat Fish Res Unit, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1343 EP 1354 DI 10.1577/M06-054.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400028 ER PT J AU Mosley, DL Jennings, CA AF Mosley, Diarra L. Jennings, Cecil A. TI Flow preferences for juvenile robust redhorses in an experimental mesocosm: Implications for developing sampling protocols SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SUCKER XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; MIDDLE GREEN-RIVER; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; HABITAT USE; RAZORBACK SUCKER; BROWN TROUT; COHO SALMON; BLUE SUCKER AB The robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum, originally described by Edward Cope in 1870 from specimens collected from the Yadkin River, North Carolina, apparently went unnoticed until 1991 when it was rediscovered in the lower Oconee River, Georgia. Despite extensive surveys and an ongoing, decade-long restoration program, wild-spawned juveniles 30-410 mm in total length have not been collected. This project experimentally evaluated one hypothesis (flow class use) that seeks to explain the absence of juvenile robust redhorses from the catch. Two experimental mesocosms were used to determine whether juvenile robust redhorses use flow classes in proportion to their availability. Pond-reared juveniles were exposed to four flow-based habitat types (eddies = -0.12 to -0.01 m/s, slow flow = 0.00-0.15 m/s, moderate flow = 0.16-0.32 m/s, and backwaters) in four 10-d trials, in which 16 pond-reared test fish were used per trial, with replacement. Location data were recorded hourly during daytime hours for each fish in all trials and evaluated with a log-linear, chi-square model. In winter, test fish showed a preference for eddies and backwaters and avoided slow to moderate flows. In early spring, test fish showed a preference for eddies and avoided the moderate flows. Current field sampling for juvenile robust redhorses has not targeted the flow classes used by fish in this experiment; however, collection of wild-caught juveniles may be improved by sampling in eddies and their associated transitional areas. C1 [Mosley, Diarra L.; Jennings, Cecil A.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jennings@uga.edu NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1383 EP 1392 DI 10.1577/M06-226.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 247GG UT WOS:000252065400032 ER PT J AU Leicht-Young, SA Silander, JA Latimer, AM AF Leicht-Young, Stacey A. Silander, John A., Jr. Latimer, Andrew M. TI Comparative performance of invasive and native Celastrus species across environmental gradients SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Celastrus orbiculatus; Celastrus scandens; congeners; invasive species; lianas; phytometer; plasticity; transplant study ID MAPLE ACER-PLATANOIDES; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; SEEDLING GROWTH; FOREST; TREE; SURVIVAL; PLANTS; ALIEN AB The ability to understand and predict the success of invasive plant species in their new ranges is increased when there is a sympatric native congener available for comparison. Celastrus orbiculatus (oriental bittersweet) is a liana introduced into the United States in the mid-1800s from East Asia as an ornamental plant. Its native congener, Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet), ranges from the east coast of the United States as far west as Wyoming. In the Northeastern United States, C. orbiculatus is continuing to expand its range while C. scandens appears to be in serious decline. One hypothesis for this decline is that C. scandens does not have such a wide range of ecological tolerances in the current landscape as C. orbiculatus, which seems to tolerate a greater range of resource conditions. To investigate this hypothesis, we transplanted these two species into ten sites that spanned a full range of light and soil moisture conditions to compare their establishment and performance in terms of aboveground growth (biomass and height) and mortality. After two years, C. orbiculatus showed significantly lower mortality and greater biomass across all resource conditions compared to C. scandens. In addition, C. orbiculatus preferred more mesic soil moisture conditions, while C. scandens performed better in drier soil moisture conditions. Since much of the Northeastern United States is now forested, this preference for mesic soil conditions could make it more successful than C. scandens in the region. This study shows the utility of manipulative experiments, particularly those using congeneric native species as benchmarks, for assessing the causes and predicting the course of invasions. C1 Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Porter, IN 46304 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Leicht-Young, SA (reprint author), Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, US Geol Survey, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM sleichtyoung@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 7 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2007 VL 154 IS 2 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0839-3 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229EY UT WOS:000250787000003 PM 17724616 ER PT J AU Fontaine, JJ Martel, M Markland, HA Niklison, AA Decker, KL Martin, TE AF Fontaine, Joseph J. Martel, Mireille Markland, Helen A. Niklison, Alina A. Decker, Karie L. Martin, Thomas E. TI Testing ecological and behavioral correlates of nest predation SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; ARTIFICIAL NEST; SONGBIRD NESTS; PARENTAL CARE; BIRDS; RISK; SUCCESS; INCUBATION; SELECTION; STRATEGIES AB Variation in nest predation rates among bird species are assumed to reflect differences in risk that are specific to particular nest sites. Theoretical and empirical studies suggest that parental care behaviors can evolve in response to nest predation risk and thereby differ among ecological conditions that vary in inherent risk. However, parental care also can influence predation risk. Separating the effects of nest predation risk inherent to a nest site from the risk imposed by parental strategies is needed to understand the evolution of parental care. Here we identify correlations between risks inherent to nest sites, and risk associated with parental care behaviors, and use an artificial nest experiment to assess site-specific differences in nest predation risk across nesting guilds and between habitats that differed in nest predator abundance. We found a strong correlation between parental care behaviors and inherent differences in nest predation risk, but despite the absence of parental care at artificial nests, patterns of nest predation risk were similar for real and artificial nests both across nesting guilds and between predator treatments. Thus, we show for the first time that inherent risk of nest predation varies with nesting guild and predator abundance independent of parental care. C1 Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Montana, United State Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fontaine, JJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM fontaine.joseph@gmail.com RI Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156; Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 42 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD NOV PY 2007 VL 116 IS 11 BP 1887 EP 1894 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16043.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236BT UT WOS:000251278700011 ER PT J AU Vial, DS DeWitt, E Lobato, LM Thorman, CH AF Vial, Diogenes Sciploni DeWitt, Ed Lobato, Lydia Maria Thorman, Charles H. TI The geology of the Morro Velho gold deposit in the Archean Rio das Velhas greenstone belt, Quadrilatero Ferrifero, Brazil SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE orogenic Archean gold; Quadrilatero Ferrifero; Brazil; greenstone belt; lapa seca ID SAO-FRANCISCO CRATON; MINAS-GERAIS; PROVINCE; PALLADIUM; EVOLUTION; GENESIS; AGE AB The Morro Velho gold deposit, Quadrilatero Ferrifero region, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is hosted by rocks at the base of the Archean Rio das Velhas greenstone belt. The deposit occurs within a thick carbonaceous phyllite package, containing intercalations of felsic and intermediate volcaniclastic rocks and dolomites. Considering the temporal and spatial association of the deposit with the Rio das Velhas orogeny, and location in close proximity to a major NNW-trending fault zone, it can be classified as an orogenic gold deposit. Hydrothermal activity was characterized by intense enrichment in alteration zones of carbonates, sulfides, chlorite, white mica biotite, albite and quartz, as described in other Archean lode-type gold ores. Two types of ore occur in the deposit: dark gray quartz veins and sulfide-rich gold orebodies. The sulfide-rich orebodies range from disseminated concentrations of sulfide minerals to massive sulfide bodies. The sulfide assemblage comprises (by volume), on average, 74% pyrrhotite, 17% arsenopyrite, 8% pyrite and 1% chalcopyrite. The orebodies have a long axis parallel to the local stretching lineation, with continuity down the plunge of fold axis for at least 4.8 km. The group of rocks hosting the Morro Velho gold mineralization is locally referred to as lapa seca. These were isoclinally folded and metamorphosed prior to gold mineralization. The lapa seca and the orebodies it hosts are distributed in five main tight folds related to F1 (the best examples are the X, Main and South orebodies, in level 25), which are disrupted by NE- to E-striking shear zones. Textural features indicate that the sulfide mineralization postdated regional peak metamorphism, and that the massive sulfide ore has subsequently been neither metamorphosed nor deformed. Lead isotope ratios indicate a model age of 2.82 +/- 0.05 Ga for both sulfide and gold mineralization. The lapa seca are interpreted as the results of a pre-gold alteration process and may be divided into carbonatic, micaceous and quartzose types. The carbonatic lapa seca is subdivided into gray and brown subtypes. Non-mineralized, gray carbonatic lapa seca forms the hanging wall to the orebodies, and is interpreted as the product of extreme CO2 metasomatism during hydrothermal alteration. This dolomitic lapa seca ranges in composition from relatively pure limestone and dolomite to silty limestone and dolomite. The brown carbonatic and micaceous lapa secas are the host rocks to gold. These units are interpreted to correspond to the sheared and hydrothermal products of metamorphosed volcaniclastic and/or volcanic rocks of varying composition from dacitic to andesitic, forming various types of schists and phyllites. The high-grade, massive sulfide orebodies occur at the base of the gray carbonatic lapa seca. Both disseminated mineralization and quartz veins are hosted by micaceous lapa seca. The data are consistent with a model of epigenetic mineralization for the lapa seca, from a hydrothermal fluid derived in part from the Archean basement or older crust material. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vial, Diogenes Sciploni] Companhia Vale Rio Doce, BR-33010 Santa Luiza, MG, Brazil. [DeWitt, Ed] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Lobato, Lydia Maria] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, IGC CPMTC, Dept Geol, BR-31270 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Thorman, Charles H.] CTGS Intl Inc, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Vial, DS (reprint author), Companhia Vale Rio Doce, BR381,Km 459, BR-33010 Santa Luiza, MG, Brazil. EM diogenes.vial@cvrd.com.br NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 511 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.12.008 PG 32 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 243PV UT WOS:000251810700004 ER PT J AU Crocker, DE Kofahl, N Fellers, GD Gates, NB Houser, DS AF Crocker, Daniel E. Kofahl, Nathan Fellers, Gary D. Gates, Natalie B. Houser, Dorian S. TI High rates of energy expenditure and water flux in free-ranging Point Reyes mountain beavers Aplodontia rufa phaea SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMITIVE RODENT; RENAL-FUNCTION; BODY-SIZE; VASOPRESSIN; KIDNEY; TURNOVER; HABITAT; BALANCE; DIET; ANGIOTENSIN AB We measured water flux and energy expenditure in free-ranging Point Reyes mountain beavers Aplodontia rufa phaea by using the doubly labeled water method. Previous laboratory investigations have suggested weak urinary concentrating ability, high rates of water flux, and low basal metabolic rates in this species. However, free-ranging measurements from hygric mammals are rare, and it is not known how these features interact in the environment. Rates of water flux (210 +/- 32 mL d(-1)) and field metabolic rates (1,488 +/- 486 kJ d(-1)) were 159% and 265%, respectively, of values predicted by allometric equations for similar-sized herbivores. Mountain beavers can likely meet their water needs through metabolic water production and preformed water in food and thus remain in water balance without access to free water. Arginine-vasopressin levels were strongly correlated with rates of water flux and plasma urea : creatinine ratios, suggesting an important role for this hormone in regulating urinary water loss in mountain beavers. High field metabolic rates may result from cool burrow temperatures that are well below lower critical temperatures measured in previous laboratory studies and suggest that thermoregulation costs may strongly influence field energetics and water flux in semifossorial mammals. C1 Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 92948 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Crocker, DE (reprint author), Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 92948 USA. EM crocker@sonoma.edu; nkofahl@hotmail.com; gary_fellers@usgs.gov; natalie_gates@nps.gov; biomimetica@cox.net OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 80 IS 6 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1086/521204 PG 8 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 216OM UT WOS:000249887600007 PM 17909999 ER PT J AU Soderblom, LA Tomasko, MG Archinal, BA Becker, TL Bushroe, MW Cook, DA Doose, LR Galuszka, DM Hare, TM Howington-Kraus, E Karkoschka, E Kirk, RL Lunine, JI McFarlane, EA Redding, BL Rizk, B Rosiek, MR See, C Smith, PH AF Soderblom, Laurence A. Tomasko, Martin G. Archinal, Brent A. Becker, Tammy L. Bushroe, Michael W. Cook, Debbie A. Doose, Lyn R. Galuszka, Donna M. Hare, Trent M. Howington-Kraus, Elpitha Karkoschka, Erich Kirk, Randolph L. Lunine, Jonathan I. McFarlane, Elisabeth A. Redding, Bonnie L. Rizk, Bashar Rosiek, Mark R. See, Charles Smith, Peter H. TI Topography and geomorphology of the Huygens landing site on Titan SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titan; Huygens probe; DISR; topography; stereogrammetry; methane; drainage; fluvial; dendritic; tectonic ID SURFACE; CASSINI/VIMS; DESCENT; ALBEDO; PROBE AB The Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) aboard the Huygens Probe took several hundred visible-light images with its three cameras on approach to the surface of Titan. Several sets of stereo image pairs were collected during the descent. The digital terrain models constructed from those images show rugged topography, in places approaching the angle of repose, adjacent to flatter darker plains. Brighter regions north of the landing site display two styles of drainage patterns: (1) bright highlands with rough topography and deeply incised branching dendritic drainage networks (up to fourth order) with dark-floored valleys that are suggestive of erosion by methane rainfall and (2) short, stubby low-order drainages that follow linear fault patterns forming canyon-like features suggestive of methane spring-sapping. The topographic data show that the bright highland terrains are extremely rugged; slopes of order of 30 degrees appear common. These systems drain into adjacent relatively flat, dark lowland terrains. A stereo model for part of the dark plains region to the east of the landing site suggests surface scour across this plain flowing from west to east leaving similar to 100-m-high bright ridges. Tectonic patterns are evident in (1) controlling the rectilinear, low-order, stubby drainages and (2) the "coastline" at the highland-lowland boundary with numerous straight and angular margins. In addition to flow from the highlands drainages, the lowland area shows evidence for more prolific flow parallel to the highland-lowland boundary leaving bright outliers resembling terrestrial sandbars. This implies major west to east floods across the plains where the probe landed with flow parallel to the highland-lowland boundary; the primary source of these flows is evidently not the dendritic channels in the bright highlands to the north. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Soderblom, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM lsoderblom@usgs.gov OI Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 24 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 55 IS 13 BP 2015 EP 2024 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.015 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235AQ UT WOS:000251206300013 ER PT J AU Soderblom, LA Kirk, RL Lunine, JI Anderson, JA Baines, KH Barnes, JW Barrett, JM Brown, RH Buratti, BJ Clark, RN Crulkshank, DP Elachi, C Janssen, MA Jaumann, R Karkoschka, E Le Mouelic, S Lopes, RM Lorenz, RD McCord, TB Nicholson, PD Radebaugh, J Rizk, B Sotin, C Stofan, ER Sucharski, TL Tomasko, MG Wall, SD AF Soderblom, Laurence A. Kirk, Randolph L. Lunine, Jonathan I. Anderson, Jeffrey A. Baines, Kevin H. Barnes, Jason W. Barrett, Janet M. Brown, Robert H. Buratti, Bonnie J. Clark, Roger N. Crulkshank, Dale P. Elachi, Charles Janssen, Michael A. Jaumann, Ralf Karkoschka, Erich Le Mouelic, Stehane Lopes, Rosaly M. Lorenz, Ralph D. McCord, Thomas B. Nicholson, Philip D. Radebaugh, Jani Rizk, Bashar Sotin, Christophe Stofan, Ellen R. Sucharski, Tracie L. Tomasko, Martin G. Wall, Stephen D. TI Correlations between Cassini VIMS spectra and RADAR SAR images: Implications for Titan's surface composition and the character of the Huygens probe landing site SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titan; VIMS; radar; SAR; DISR; dunes; mantles; coatings; substrate; water ice; hydrocarbons; titriles; tholin; aerosols ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; MU-M; HAZE; ATMOSPHERE; DESCENT; METHANE; LIQUID; ALBEDO; MAPPER AB Titan's vast equatorial fields of RADAR-dark longitudinal dunes seen in Cassini RADAR synthetic aperture images correlate with one of two dark surface units discriminated as "brown" and "blue" in Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) color composites of short-wavelength infrared spectral cubes (RGB as 2.0, 1.6, 1.3 mu m). In such composites bluer materials exhibit higher reflectance at 1.3 pm and lower at 1.6 and 2.0 pm. The dark brown unit is highly correlated with the RADAR-dark dunes. The dark brown unit shows less evidence of water ice suggesting that the saltating grains of the dunes are largely composed of hydrocarbons and/or nitriles. In general, the bright units also show less evidence of absorption due to water ice and are inferred to consist of deposits of bright fine precipitating tholin aerosol dust. Some set of chemical/mechanical processes may be converting the bright fine-grained aerosol deposits into the dark saltating hydrocarbon and/or nitrile grains. Alternatively the dark dune materials may be derived from a different type of air aerosol photochemical product than are the bright materials. In our model, both the bright aerosol and dark hydrocarbon dune deposits mantle the VIMS dark blue water ice-rich substrate. We postulate that the bright mantles are effectively invisible (transparent) in RADAR synthetic aperture. radar (SAR) images leading to lack of correlation in the RADAR images with optically bright mantling units. RADAR images mostly show only dark dunes and the water ice substrate that varies in roughness, fracturing, and porosity. If the rate of deposition of bright aerosol is 0.001-0.01 mu m/yr, the surface would be coated (to optical instruments) in hundreds-to-thousands of years unless cleansing processes are active. The dark dunes must-be mobile on this very short timescale to prevent the accumulation of bright coatings. Huygens landed in a region of the VIMS bright and dark blue materials and about 30 km south of the nearest occurrence of dunes visible in the RADAR SAR images. Fluvial/pluvial processes, every few centuries or millennia, must be cleansing the dark floors of the incised channels and scouring the dark plains at the Huygens landing site both imaged by Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR). (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ames Res Ctr, NASA, Moffett Field, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. Inst Planetary Explorat, Berlin, Germany. Univ Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 21218 USA. Univ Hawaii, HIGP, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Proxemy Res, Rectortown, VA USA. RP Soderblom, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM lsoderblom@usgs.gov RI Barnes, Jason/B-1284-2009; Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016; Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Barnes, Jason/0000-0002-7755-3530; Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644; Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 45 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 55 IS 13 BP 2025 EP 2036 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.014 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235AQ UT WOS:000251206300014 ER PT J AU Heipke, C Oberst, J Albertz, J Attwenger, M Dorninger, P Dorrer, E Ewe, M Gehrke, S Gwinner, K Hirschmueller, H Kim, JR Kirk, RL Mayer, H Muller, JP Rengarajan, R Rentsch, M Schmidt, R Scholten, F Shan, J Spiegel, M Wahlisch, M Neukum, G AF Heipke, C. Oberst, J. Albertz, J. Attwenger, M. Dorninger, P. Dorrer, E. Ewe, M. Gehrke, S. Gwinner, K. Hirschmueller, H. Kim, J. R. Kirk, R. L. Mayer, H. Muller, J. -P. Rengarajan, R. Rentsch, M. Schmidt, R. Scholten, F. Shan, J. Spiegel, M. Waehlisch, M. Neukum, G. CA HRSC Co Investigator Team TI Evaluating planetary digital terrain models - The HRSC DTM test SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HRSC; Mars; surface reconstruction; DTM/DEM; experimental test ID LASER ALTIMETER; MARS EXPRESS; IMAGES AB The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) has been orbiting the planet Mars since January 2004 onboard the European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express mission and delivers imagery which is being used for topographic mapping of the planet. The HRSC team has conducted a systematic inter-comparison of different alternatives for the production of high resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) from the multi look HRSC push broom imagery. Based on carefully chosen test sites the test participants have produced DTMs which have been subsequently analysed in a quantitative and a qualitative manner. This paper reports on the results obtained in this test. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heipke, C.; Schmidt, R.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Photogrammetry & GeoInformat, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Oberst, J.; Ewe, M.; Gwinner, K.; Scholten, F.; Waehlisch, M.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Attwenger, M.; Dorninger, P.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Dorrer, E.; Mayer, H.; Rentsch, M.] Munich Bundeswehr Univ, Inst Photogrammetry & Cartog, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany. [Albertz, J.; Gehrke, S.] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Geodesy & Geoinformat Sci, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Hirschmueller, H.] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Robot & Mechatron, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Kim, J. R.; Muller, J. -P.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Kirk, R. L.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rengarajan, R.; Shan, J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Spiegel, M.] Tech Univ Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Neukum, G.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci Planetol, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. RP Heipke, C (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Photogrammetry & GeoInformat, Nienburger Str 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM heipke@ipi.uni-hannover.de OI Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 55 IS 14 BP 2173 EP 2191 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2007.07.006 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245HL UT WOS:000251925600017 ER PT J AU Godinho, AL Kynard, B Martinez, CB AF Godinho, Alexandre L. Kynard, Boyd Martinez, Carlos B. TI Supplemental water releases for fisheries restoration in a Brazilian floodplain river: A conceptual model SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hydroelectric dam effects; floods; fisheries restoration; floodplain restoration; fish spawning; ichthyoplankton drift ID FISH COMMUNITIES; YIELD AB Highly productive floodplain rivers in Brazil and elsewhere provide livelihood and recreational fishing for millions of people around the world, but damming and controlled water discharge are a threat to these valuable ecosystems. Supplemental water releases (SWRs) at a dam are increasingly used for restoring fisheries productivity in many floodplain rivers. We proposed a conceptual model for a hypothetical water release to enhance fisheries using Tres Marias Reservoir (TMR) on the Sao Francisco River (SFR), Brazil. The information needed by the model follows: (i) Biologically, what is the best release date? (ii) How much water will be released? (iii) What is the pattern of impoundment and how much impounded water will be released? (iv) What is the lost revenue to the power plant associated with SWR? (v) What is the relationship between river discharge and the area of floodplain that is flooded? (vi) What is the relationship between SWR and fisheries value? Ichthyoplankton studies in the SFR showed a clear positive relationship between fish density and water level (WL). While the relationship between WL and floodplain area flooded and recruitment is not known, we concluded the best date for release is when there is a natural flood, which naturally triggers fish spawning and the SWR will add to the natural flood and cover a greater floodplain area. The released volume will range from 0.302km(3) to 2.192 km(3), depending on SWR duration. In most years from 1976 to 2003, TMR impounded enough water for SWR only in the second half of the fish-spawning season (January-March). Lost revenue at TMR depended on release volume and ranged from US$ 0.493 million to US$ 3.452 million for the actual power rate. However, SWR could increase commercial fisheries income an estimated US$ 4.468 million. We forecast that SWR can bring fisheries benefits that surpass the lost revenue. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fish Passage Ctr, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Wildlife & Fisheries Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Godinho, AL (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Fish Passage Ctr, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. EM agodinho@ufmg.br RI Godinho, Alexandre/G-5809-2012 NR 57 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 23 IS 9 BP 947 EP 962 DI 10.1002/rra.1018 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 238OE UT WOS:000251456300002 ER PT J AU Peterson, RC Jennings, CA AF Peterson, Rebecca Cull Jennings, Cecil A. TI Effects of river discharge on abundance and instantaneous growth of age-0 carpsuckers in the Oconee River, Georgia, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Oconee River; instantaneous growth; river discharge; age-0 fishes; larvae; suckers; carpsucker; warmwater systems ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; CLASS STRENGTH; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FISH COMMUNITIES; MORTALITY; STREAM AB The Oconee River in middle Georgia, U.S.A., has been regulated by the Sinclair Dam since 1953. Since then, the habitat of the lower Oconee River has been altered and the river has become more incised. The altered environmental conditions of the Oconee River may limit the success of various fish populations. Some obligate riverine fishes may be good indicator species for assessing river system integrity because they are intolerant to unfavourable conditions. For example, many sucker species require clean gravel for feeding, and reproduction. Further, age-0 fishes are more vulnerable than adults to flow alterations because of their limited ability to react to such conditions. In this study, we investigated the relationship between abundance and growth of age-0 carpsuckers to river discharge in the Oconee River. A beach seine was used to collect age-0 carpsuckers (Carpiodes spp.) from littoral zones of the lower Oconee River from May through July of 1995 to 2001. Regression models were used to assess whether 12 river discharge categories (e.g. peak, low, seasonal flows) influenced age-0 carpsucker abundance or instantaneous growth. Our analysis indicated that abundance of age-0 carpsuckers was significantly negatively related to number of days river discharge was >85 M-3 s(-1)(r(2) = 0.61, p = 0.04). Estimates of instantaneous growth ranged from 0.10 to 0.90. Instantaneous growth rates were significantly positively related to summer river discharge (r(2) = 0.95, p <0.0 1). These results suggest that (1) moderate flows during spawning and rearing are important for producing strong-year classes of carpsuckers, and (2) river discharge is variable among years, with suitable flows for strong year-classes of carpsuckers occurring every few years. River management should attempt to regulate river discharge to simulate historic flows typical for the region when possible. Such an approach is best achieved when regional climatic conditions are considered. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM Jennings@warnell.uga.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1016 EP 1025 DI 10.1002/rra.1029 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 238OE UT WOS:000251456300006 ER PT J AU Hamburger, M Kopnichev, Y Levshin, A Martynov, V Mikhailova, N Monar, P Richards, PG Roecker, S Simpson, D Tucker, BE Wesson, R AF Hamburger, Michael Kopnichev, Yuri Levshin, Anatoli Martynov, Vladislav Mikhailova, Natalya Monar, Peter Richards, Paul G. Roecker, Steve Simpson, David Tucker, Brian E. Wesson, Robert TI Vitaly Ivanovich Khalturin (1927-2007) - In memoriam SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Hamburger, M (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 BP 577 EP 578 DI 10.1785/gssrl.78.6.577 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 232LY UT WOS:000251022400002 ER PT J AU Bilham, R Lodi, S Hough, S Bukharyl, S Khan, AM Rafeeqi, SFA AF Bilham, Roger Lodi, Sarosh Hough, Susan Bukharyl, Saria Khan, Abid Murtaza Rafeeqi, S. F. A. TI Seismic hazard in Karachi, Pakistan: Uncertain past, uncertain future SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN INDIA; PLATE BOUNDARY; EARTHQUAKES; DEFORMATION; BHUJ; SLIP C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NED Univ Engn & Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Bilham, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM roger.bilham@colorado.edu OI Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 NR 66 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 78 IS 6 BP 601 EP 613 DI 10.1785/gssrl.78.6.601 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 232LY UT WOS:000251022400005 ER PT J AU Boore, DM Thompson, EM AF Boore, David M. Thompson, Eric M. TI On using surface-source downhole-receiver logging to determine seismic slownesses SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE site-response; shear-wave velocity; ground motion amplification ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; GROUND MOTION; EARTHQUAKE; PROFILES; DENSITY AB We present a method to solve for slowness models from surface-source downhole-receiver seismic travel-times. The method estimates the slownesses in a single inversion of the travel-times from all receiver depths and accounts for refractions at layer boundaries. The number and location of layer interfaces in the model can be selected based on lithologic changes or linear trends in the travel-time data. The interfaces based on linear trends in the data can be picked manually or by an automated algorithm. We illustrate the method with example sites for which geologic descriptions of the subsurface materials and independent slowness measurements are available. At each site we present slowness models that result from different interpretations of the data. The examples were carefully selected to address the reliability of interface-selection and the ability of the inversion to identify thin layers, large slowness contrasts, and slowness gradients. Additionally, we compare the models in terms of ground-motion amplification. These plots illustrate the sensitivity of site amplifications to the uncertainties in the slowness model. We show that one-dimensional site amplifications are insensitive to thin layers in the slowness models; although slowness is variable over short ranges of depth, this variability has little affect on ground-motion amplification at frequencies up to 5 Hz. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Boore, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM boore@usgs.gov RI Thompson, Eric/E-6895-2010 OI Thompson, Eric/0000-0002-6943-4806 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-7261 J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 27 IS 11 BP 971 EP 985 DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.03.005 PG 15 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 202KV UT WOS:000248901400001 ER PT J AU Ferguson, JW Sandford, BP Reagan, RE Gilbreath, LG Meyer, EB Ledgerwood, RD Adams, NS AF Ferguson, John W. Sandford, Benjamin P. Reagan, Rachel E. Gilbreath, Lyle G. Meyer, Edward B. Ledgerwood, Richard D. Adams, Noah S. TI Bypass system modification at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River improved the survival of juvenile salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES; CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DELAYED MORTALITY; FISH; FLOW; TEMPERATURE AB From 1987 to 1992, we evaluated a fish bypass system at Bonneville Dam Powerhouse 2 on the Columbia River. The survival of subyearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha released into the system ranged from 0.774 to 0.911 and was significantly lower than the survival of test fish released into turbines and the area immediately below the powerhouse where bypass system flow reentered the river. Yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and yearling coho salmon O. kisutch released into the bypass system were injured or descaled. Also, levels of blood plasma cortisol and lactate were significantly higher in yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon that passed through the bypass system than in fish released directly into a net located over the bypass exit. This original system was then extensively modified using updated design criteria, and the site where juvenile fish reentered the river was relocated 2.8 km further downstream to reduce predation on bypassed fish by northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis. Based on studies conducted from 1999 to 2001, the new bypass system resulted in high fish survival, virtually no injuries to fish, fish passage times that were generally similar to water travel times, and mild stress responses from which fish recovered quickly. The mean estimated survival of subyearling Chinook salmon passing through the new bypass system was 0.946 in 2001, which was an usually low-flow year. Survival, physical condition, passage timing, and blood physiological indicators of stress were all useful metrics for assessing the performance of both bypass systems and are discussed. The engineering and hydraulic criteria used to design the new bypass system that resulted in improved fish passage conditions are described. C1 [Ferguson, John W.; Sandford, Benjamin P.; Gilbreath, Lyle G.; Ledgerwood, Richard D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ferguson, John W.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Studies, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Reagan, Rachel E.; Adams, Noah S.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Meyer, Edward B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Ferguson, JW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake,Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.w.ferguson@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1510 DI 10.1577/T06-158.1 PG 24 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400004 ER PT J AU Holliman, FM Kwak, TJ Cope, WG Levine, JF AF Holliman, F. Michael Kwak, Thomas J. Cope, W. Gregory Levine, Jay F. TI Exposure of unionid mussels to electric current: Assessing risks associated with electrofishing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; ELECTROSHOCK-INDUCED INJURY; FISH; MORTALITY; MOLLUSCA; BIVALVIA AB Electric current is routinely applied in freshwater for scientific sampling of fish populations (i.e., electrofishing). Freshwater mussels (families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) are distributed worldwide, but their recent declines in diversity and abundance constitute an imperilment of global significance. Freshwater mussels are not targeted for capture by electrofishing, and any exposure to electric current is unintentional. The effects of electric shock are not fully understood for mussels but could disrupt vital physiological processes and represent an additional threat to their survival. In a controlled laboratory environment, we examined the consequences of exposure to two typical electrofishing currents, 60-Hz pulsed DC and 60-Hz AC, for the survival of adult and early life stages of three unionid species; we included fish as a quality control measure. The outcomes suggest that electrical exposure associated with typical electrofishing poses little direct risk to freshwater mussels. That is, adult mussel survival and righting behaviors (indicators of sublethal stress) were not adversely affected by electrical exposure. Glochidia (larvae that attach to and become parasites on fish gills or fins) showed minimal immediate reduction in viability after exposure. Metamorphosis from glochidia to free-living juvenile mussels was not impaired after electric current simulated capture-prone behaviors (stunning) in infested host fish. In addition, the short-term survival of juvenile mussels was not adversely influenced by exposure to electric current. Any minimal risk to imperiled mussels must be weighed at the population level against the benefits gained by using the gear for scientific sampling of fish in the same waters. However, scientists sampling fish by electrofishing should be aware of mussel reproductive periods and processes in order to minimize the harmful effects to host fish, especially in areas where mussel conservation is a concern. C1 [Holliman, F. Michael; Kwak, Thomas J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cope, W. Gregory] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Levine, Jay F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tkwak@ncsu.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1593 EP 1606 DI 10.1577/T07-006.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400012 ER PT J AU Pearlstein, JH Letcher, BH Obedzinski, M AF Pearlstein, Jamie H. Letcher, Benjamin H. Obedzinski, Mariska TI Early discrimination of Atlantic salmon smolt age: Time course of the relative effectiveness of body size and shape SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; SALAR L; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GROWTH-HORMONE; BROWN TROUT; BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES; K+ ATPASE; POPULATIONS; MIGRATION; LENGTH AB The goal of this study was to test the relative effectiveness of morphological measurements and body size in predicting the smolt age of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and to determine the time course of body size and shape differences between smolt ages. Analyses were conducted on age-0 to age-2 fish that were stocked as fry in the West Brook, Massachusetts and on laboratory-raised age-0 to age-1 fish. Using both body size and shape, we could partition the age-0 fish collected during fall into future early or late smolts, although the predictive ability of body shape was somewhat weaker than that of body size, especially in the laboratory. Classification success averaged 81% (size) and 79% (shape) in the field and 85% (size) and 73% (shape) in the laboratory. Despite differences in smolt age between the field and the laboratory, the relative timing of growth rate differences between future early and late smolts was similar in the field and the laboratory and peaked at 50-60% of development from fry to smolt. While body shape differed between early and late smolts well before smoltification, it did not improve classification based on size alone. C1 [Pearlstein, Jamie H.; Letcher, Benjamin H.; Obedzinski, Mariska] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Pearlstein, Jamie H.; Obedzinski, Mariska] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Obedzinski, Mariska] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM ben_letcher@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1622 EP 1632 DI 10.1577/T07-010.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400015 ER PT J AU Ruiz, JC Peterson, JT AF Ruiz, John C. Peterson, James T. TI An evaluation of the relative influence of spatial, statistical, and biological factors on the accuracy of stream fish species presence models SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOLOGY; PERSPECTIVE; ATTRIBUTES; PREDICTION; REGRESSION; DIVERSITY; VIRGINIA AB Models relating fish species presence to landscape and stream features are increasingly being used by natural resource managers. The accuracy of these models directly influences the ability to make sound stream management decisions. To evaluate the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on model accuracy, we fit parametric (logistic regression) and nonparametric (k-nearest neighbor) models of species presence at two spatial scales using subwatershed and stream reach characteristics. We then evaluated the influence of model type, spatial scale, and species-specific characteristics on species presence omission and commission errors for the best-fitting scale-specific parametric and nonparametric models (total of four per species). We found that error rates were higher within species than among species and varied among species by 3.9% (omission) and 8.7% (commission). Within-species variation in error rates was primarily related to model type and spatial scale, whereas among-species variation was due to the species-specific characteristic-habitat specialization. The relationship between these factors and the omission and commission error rates, however, were relatively complex. The k-nearest neighbor models were generally more accurate (produced lower errors) at predicting species presence at larger, subwatershed scales, whereas the logistic regression models were more accurate at predicting species presence at smaller, stream reach scales. Similarly, commission error rates were lower for models predicting the presence of habitat generalists at larger scales, whereas commission error rates were lowest for models predicting the presence of habitat specialists at smaller, stream reach scales. The findings from this study suggest that species-specific characteristics and spatial autocorrelation can influence the accuracy of species presence models and that biologists should consider these effects when modeling the presence or absence of fish species. C1 [Ruiz, John C.; Peterson, James T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM peterson@forestry.uga.edu NR 59 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1640 EP 1653 DI 10.1577/T06-086.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400017 ER PT J AU Smith, CT Antonovich, A Templin, WD Elfstrom, CM Narum, SR Seeb, LW AF Smith, Christian T. Antonovich, Anton Templin, William D. Elfstrom, Carita M. Narum, Shawn R. Seeb, Lisa W. TI Impacts of marker class bias relative to locus-specific variability on population inferences in Chinook salmon: A comparison of single-nucleotide polymorphisms with short tandem repeats and allozymes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA POPULATIONS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; F-STATISTICS; NUCLEAR-DNA; OCEAN-TYPE; EVOLUTION AB Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) exhibit several attributes that make them appealing as a class of genetic markers for applications in ecology and evolution. Two commonly cited limitations of SNPs in this capacity are that ascertainment bias and natural selection may shape allele frequencies of these markers, thus biasing estimates of population structure. The impacts of ascertainment bias and selection on estimates of population parameters have been demonstrated in a few model species, but their impacts relative to locus-specific variability and other potential complications on structure inferences in wild populations are unclear. We examined 22 allozymes, 9 short tandem repeats (STRs), and 41 SNPs in approximately 1,300 Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha representing 16 collections. We used plots of the genetic differentiation index FIT Versus heterozygosity and sequence criteria to identify SNPs that might be under natural selection. We then calculated several measures of population structure based on the three marker sets and a subset of the SNPs from which loci identified as likely targets of natural selection had been removed. Correlation of genetic distances between collections was stronger between allozymes and SNPs than between either of these markers and STRs, suggesting that the influences of marker class bias (e.g., selection and ascertainment bias) were smaller than impacts of locus-specific effects. Divergence estimates between SNP ascertainment populations were not significantly higher when based on SNPs than when based on other markers. Overall divergence (FIT) was higher for SNPs than for allozymes; however, the choice of FIT estimator influenced the relative values for STRs and SNPs. Estimates of within-population diversity based on allozymes and STRs correlated better with each other than with estimates based on SNPs; such estimates based on SNPs were relatively low for collections from populations outside the geographic coverage of the SNP ascertainment sample. C1 [Smith, Christian T.; Antonovich, Anton; Templin, William D.; Elfstrom, Carita M.; Seeb, Lisa W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM christian_smith@fws.gov NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1674 EP 1687 DI 10.1577/T06-227.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400019 ER PT J AU Machut, LS Limburg, KE Schmidt, RE Dit-Rman, D AF Machut, Leonard S. Limburg, Karin E. Schmidt, Robert E. Dit-Rman, Dawn TI Anthropogenic impacts on American eel demographics in Hudson River tributaries, New York SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; FRESH-WATER; NEW-ZEALAND; EUROPEAN EEL; STRIPED BASS; LAND-USE; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; CONNECTICUT RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Populations of American eel Anguilla rostrata along the eastern coast of North America have declined drastically for largely unknown reasons. We examined the population dynamics of American eels in six tributaries of the Hudson River, New York, to quantify their distribution and the impacts of anthropogenic stressors. With up to 155 American eels per 100 in 2, tributary densities are greater than those within the main stem of the Hudson River and are among the highest reported anywhere. The predominance of small American eels (<200 mm) and wide range of ages (from young-of-year glass eels to 24-year-old yellow eels) suggest that tributaries are an important nursery area for immature American eels. However, upstream of natural and artificial barriers, American eel densities were reduced by at least a factor of 10 and condition, as measured by mass, was significantly lower. Significantly lower American eel condition was also found with increasing riparian urbanization. Density-dependent growth limitations below barriers are suggested by increased growth rates above the first tributary barrier. We suggest that (1) tributaries are important habitat for the conservation of American eels and (2) mitigation of anthropogenic stressors is vital for complete utilization of available habitat and conservation of the species. C1 [Machut, Leonard S.; Limburg, Karin E.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Machut, Leonard S.; Dit-Rman, Dawn] US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Schmidt, Robert E.] Bard Coll Simons Rock, Great Barrington, MA 01230 USA. RP Machut, LS (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM Imachut@usgs.gov RI Limburg, Karin/M-8380-2013; OI Dittman, Dawn/0000-0002-0711-3732 NR 92 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1699 EP 1713 DI 10.1577/T06-140.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400021 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JKH Vondracek, B AF Zimmerman, Julie K. H. Vondracek, Bruce TI Interactions between slimy sculpin and trout: Slimy sculpin growth and diet in relation to native and nonnative trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; BROWN TROUT; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROOK TROUT; MINNESOTA STREAM; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; VALLEY CREEK; FOOD-WEB; FISH; CONSEQUENCES AB To investigate whether introductions of normative trout affect growth and diet of nongame fish in small streams, we designed a field experiment to examine interactions between slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus and native brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis or normative brown trout Salmo trutta. We hypothesized that brown trout would compete with and reduce growth of slimy sculpin. We expected no change in slimy sculpin growth in treatments with brook trout because the two species co-occur in their native range and thus may have evolved methods to partition resources and decrease competitive interactions. Enclosures (1 m(2)) were stocked with (1) juvenile brown trout and slimy sculpin, (2) juvenile brook trout and slimy sculpin, or (3) slimy sculpin alone (control). Fish were stocked at three densities to examine intraspecific versus interspecific competition. Replicates of each treatment were placed in riffles in Valley Creek, Minnesota, and six experimental trials were conducted over three summers (2002-2004). Brown trout presence was associated with reduced growth of large slimy sculpin in enclosures, whereas brook trout presence produced no change in slimy sculpin growth; these effects did not depend on fish density. Brown trout or brook trout presence was not associated with shifts in the diets of slimy sculpin, indicating that reduced slimy sculpin growth in the presence of brown trout was not due to prey selection or prey availability changes. Our research suggests that effects on growth of slimy sculpin in Valley Creek differ between introduced brown trout and native brook trout; however, the mechanisms underlying changes in slimy sculpin growth are unclear. Although brook trout and brown trout appear to fill similar ecological roles in small, coldwater streams, brown trout may negatively impact growth of nongame fish. C1 [Zimmerman, Julie K. H.; Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zimmerman, JKH (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 5410 Grosvenor Lane,Suite 100, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jzimmennan@tnc.org NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1791 EP 1800 DI 10.1577/T06-020.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400030 ER PT J AU Tabor, RA Warner, EJ Fresh, KL Footen, BA Chan, JR AF Tabor, Roger A. Warner, Eric J. Fresh, Kurt L. Footen, Brian A. Chan, Jeffrey R. TI Ontogenetic diet shifts of prickly sculpin in the Lake Washington basin, Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; INTRASPECIFIC INTERACTIONS; COTTUS-CAROLINAE; LONGFIN SMELT; SLIMY SCULPIN; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; RIVER; FISH; PREY AB We studied the ontogenetic diet shifts of prickly sculpin Coitus asper (the largest North American freshwater cottid) in the Lake Washington basin from a variety of habitat types, including fluvial and lacustrine. In all habitats, prickly sculpin progressively shifted to larger prey, such as fish and crayfish (Decapoda), as they increased in size. In offshore areas of Lake Washington, amphipods were the dominant prey by weight consumed by prickly sculpin of 75-124 mm total length (TL). Although generally uncommon numerically in the diet, fish (primarily small cottids) made up a large percentage of the diet by weight for prickly sculpin larger than 125 mm TL. In the lower end of the Cedar River, juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (23-30 mm TL) were most commonly observed in the diets of 50-99-mm prickly sculpin, while larger prickly sculpin tended to consume larger fish, including adult longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys, lampreys Lampetra spp. (ammocoetes and adults), and small cottids. For each habitat type, diet overlap tended to decrease as size-classes became more dissimilar. Overall, the size of fish eaten was strongly related to prickly sculpin size, but the type of fish eaten influenced the relationship between prey size and predator size. The higher percentage contribution of fish to prickly sculpin diets seen here relative to other studies can be explained by the fact that (1) we collected many large prickly sculpin and sampled a wide variety of habitat types and (2) potential prey fish in the Lake Washington system are abundant and diverse. Our results, in combination with other research on the Lake Washington ecosystem, suggest that because of their size, abundance, wide range in habitat use, and breadth of diet, prickly sculpin are an especially important species in the food web of this system. Prickly sculpin are directly linked to the pelagic food web as both predators and prey, and they play a key role as benthic predators. C1 [Tabor, Roger A.; Chan, Jeffrey R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Warner, Eric J.; Footen, Brian A.] Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, Auburn, WA 98002 USA. [Fresh, Kurt L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Tabor, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM roger_tabor@fws.gov NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 1801 EP 1813 DI 10.1577/T06-031.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251KH UT WOS:000252371400031 ER PT J AU Nimmo, JR Herkelrath, WN Luna, AML AF Nimmo, John R. Herkelrath, William N. Luna, Ana M. Laguna TI Physically based estimation of soil water retention from textural data: General framework, new models, and streamlined existing models SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BULK-DENSITY DATA; PHYSICOEMPIRICAL MODEL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; STRUCTURAL INFLUENCES; PREDICT; CURVE; ARYA AB Numerous models are in widespread use for the estimation of soil water retention from more easily measured textural data. Improved models are needed for better prediction and wider applicability. We developed a basic framework from which new and existing models can be derived to facilitate improvements. Starting from the assumption that every particle has a characteristic dimension R associated uniquely with a matric pressure. and that the form of the. psi - R relation is the defining characteristic of each model, this framework leads to particular models by specification of geometric relationships between pores and particles. Typical assumptions are that particles are spheres, pores are cylinders with volume equal to the associated particle volume times the void ratio, and that the capillary inverse proportionality between radius and matric pressure is valid. Examples include fixed pore-shape and fixed-pore-length models. We also developed alternative versions of the model of Arya and Paris that eliminate its interval-size dependence and other problems. The alternative models are calculable by direct application of algebraic formulas rather than manipulation of data tables and intermediate results, and they easily combine with other models ( e. g., incorporating structural effects) that are formulated on a continuous basis. Additionally, we developed a family of models based on the same pore geometry as the widely used unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model of Mualem. Predictions of measurements for different suitable media show that some of the models provide consistently good results and can be chosen based on ease of calculations and other factors. C1 [Nimmo, John R.; Herkelrath, William N.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Herkelrath, William N.; Luna, Ana M. Laguna] Univ Cordoba, Dept Appl Phys, Cordoba, Spain. RP Nimmo, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jrnimmo@usgs.gov RI Laguna, Ana/G-4592-2015 OI Laguna, Ana/0000-0002-7429-8095 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 766 EP 773 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0019 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254OO UT WOS:000252596100009 ER PT J AU Cygan, RT Stevens, CT Puls, RW Yabusaki, SB Wauchope, RD McGrath, CJ Curtis, GP Siegel, MD Veblen, LA Turner, DR AF Cygan, Randall T. Stevens, Caroline T. Puls, Robert W. Yabusaki, Steven B. Wauchope, Robert D. McGrath, Christian J. Curtis, Gary P. Siegel, Malcolm D. Veblen, Linda A. Turner, David R. TI Research activities at US government agencies in subsurface reactive transport modeling SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID URANYL(VI) ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CATION-EXCHANGE MODEL; SAVANNA RIVER SITE; OIL SPILL SITE; HANFORD SITE; CRUDE-OIL; HYDROCARBON BIODEGRADATION; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT AB The fate of contaminants in the environment is controlled by both chemical reactions and transport phenomena in the subsurface. Our ability to understand the significance of these processes over time requires an accurate conceptual model that incorporates the various mechanisms of coupled chemical and physical processes. Adsorption, desorption, ion exchange, precipitation, dissolution, growth, solid solution, redox, microbial activity, and other processes are often incorporated into reactive transport models for the prediction of contaminant fate and transport. U. S. federal agencies use such models to evaluate contaminant transport and provide guidance to decision makers and regulators for treatment issues. We provide summaries of selected research projects and programs to demonstrate the level of activity in various applications and to present examples of recent advances in subsurface reactive transport modeling. C1 [Cygan, Randall T.; Siegel, Malcolm D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Puls, Robert W.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Puls, Robert W.] US EPA, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Yabusaki, Steven B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wauchope, Robert D.] USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [McGrath, Christian J.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Curtis, Gary P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Veblen, Linda A.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. [Turner, David R.] SW Res Inst, Ctr Nucl Waste Regulatory Anal, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Cygan, RT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rtcygan@sandia.gov NR 121 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 805 EP 822 DI 10.2136/vzj2006.0091 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 254OO UT WOS:000252596100013 ER PT J AU Navratil, T Shanley, JB Skrivan, P Kram, P Mihaljevic, M Drahota, P AF Navratil, Tom Shanley, James B. Skrivan, Petr Kram, Pavel Mihaljevic, Martin Drahota, Petr TI Manganese biogeochemistry in a central czech republic catchment SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Manganese; Biogeochemistry; Czech Republic; Catchment; Biotite weathering; Forest ecosystem; Mass balance ID CENTRAL BOHEMIA; RED SPRUCE; ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION; FORESTED CATCHMENT; UPLAND CATCHMENTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; SUGAR MAPLE; ACIDIFICATION; SWITZERLAND AB Mn biogeochemistry was studied from 1994 to 2003 in a small forested catchment in the central Czech Republic using the watershed mass balance approach together with measurements of internal stores and fluxes. Mn inputs in bulk deposition were relatively constant during a period of sharply decreasing acidic deposition, suggesting that the Mn source was terrestrial, and not from fossil fuel combustion. Mn inputs in bulk deposition and Mn supplied by weathering each averaged 13 mg m(-2) year(-1) (26 mg m(-2) year(-1) total input), whereas Mn export in streamwater and groundwater averaged 43 mg m(-2) year(-1). Thus an additional Mn source is needed to account for 17 mg m(-2) year(-1). Internal fluxes and pools of Mn were significantly greater than annual inputs and outputs. Throughfall Mn flux was 70 mg m(-2) year(-1), litterfall Mn flux was 103 mg m(-2) year(-1), and Mn net uptake by vegetation was 62 mg m(-2) year(-1). Large pools of labile or potentially labile Mn were present in biomass and surficial soil horizons. Small leakages from these large pools likely supply the additional Mn needed to close the watershed mass balance. This leakage may reflect an adjustment of the ecosystem to recent changes in atmospheric acidity. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geol, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. Czech Geol Survey, CZ-11821 Prague, Czech Republic. Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, CR-12843 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Navratil, T (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geol, Rozvojova 135, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. EM navratilt@gli.cas.cz RI Navratil, Tomas/C-3181-2008; Mihaljevic, Martin/F-9514-2016; OI Navratil, Tomas/0000-0002-6213-5336; Drahota, Petr/0000-0003-2978-3486 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 186 IS 1-4 BP 149 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s11270-007-9474-1 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 217ZY UT WOS:000249987000014 ER PT J AU Uchida, N Matsuzawa, T Ellsworth, WL Imanishi, K Okada, T Hasegawa, A AF Uchida, Naoki Matsuzawa, Toru Ellsworth, William L. Imanishi, Kazutoshi Okada, Tomomi Hasegawa, Akira TI Source parameters of a M4.8 and its accompanying repeating earthquakes off Kamaishi, NE Japan: Implications for the hierarchical structure of asperities and earthquake cycle SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALAVERAS FAULT; PARKFIELD; MICROEARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; SEISMICITY; SANRIKU; STREAKS; SLIP AB We determine the source parameters of a M4.9 +/- 0.1 'characteristic earthquake' sequence and its accompanying microearthquakes at similar to 50 km depth on the subduction plate boundary offshore of Kamaishi, NE Japan. The microearthquakes tend to occur more frequently in the latter half of the recurrence intervals of the M4.9 +/- 0.1 events. Our results show that the microearthquakes are repeating events and they are located not only around but also within the slip area for the 2001 M4.8 event. From the hierarchical structure of slip areas and smaller stress drops for the microearthquakes compared to the M4.8 event, we infer the small repeating earthquakes rupture relatively weak patches in and around the slip area for the M4.8 event and their activity reflects a stress concentration process and/or change in frictional property (healing) at the area. We also infer the patches for the M4.9 +/- 0.1 and other repeating earthquakes undergo aseismic slip during their interseismic period. C1 Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. AIST, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. RP Uchida, N (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM uchida@aob.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp RI Uchida, Naoki/D-6103-2012; Imanishi, Kazutoshi/M-3183-2016 OI Uchida, Naoki/0000-0002-4220-9625; Imanishi, Kazutoshi/0000-0002-3346-0009 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 20 AR L20313 DI 10.1029/2007GL031263 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 228BW UT WOS:000250703100004 ER PT J AU Dekov, VM Kamenov, GD Stummeyer, J Thiry, M Savelli, C Shanks, WC Fortin, D Kuzmann, E Vertes, A AF Dekov, Vesselin M. Kamenov, George D. Stummeyer, Jens Thiry, Medard Savelli, Carlo Shanks, Wayne C. Fortin, Danielle Kuzmann, Erno Vertes, Attila TI Hydrothermal nontronite formation at eolo seamount (Aeolian volcanic arc, Tyrrhenian Sea) SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nontronite precipitation; hydrothermal activity; Eolo Seamount; Tyrrhenian Sea ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; CLAY MINERAL FORMATION; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; BACTERIAL SURFACES; SUBMARINE VOLCANO; MOSSBAUER-SPECTRA; EXPLORER RIDGE; MICROBIAL MATS; CALC-ALKALINE; SOUTH-PACIFIC AB A sediment core containing a yellowish-green clay bed was recovered from an area of extensive hydrothermal deposition at the SE slope of the Eolo Seamount, Tyrrhenian Sea. The clay bed is composed of pure nontronite (described for the first time in the Tyrrhenian Sea), which appears to be the most aluminous nontronite ever found among the seafloor hydrothermal deposits. The high Al content suggests precipitation from Al-containing hydrothermal solutions. The REE distribution of the Eolo nontronite has a V-shape pattern. The heavy REE enrichment is in part due to their preferential partitioning in the nontronite structure. This enrichment was possibly further enhanced by the HREE preferential sorption on bacterial cell walls. The light REE enrichment is the result of scavenging uptake by one of the nontronite precursors, i.e., poorly-ordered Fe-oxyhydroxides, from the hydrothermal fluids. Oxygen isotopic composition of the nontronite yields a formation temperature of 30 T, consistent with a low-temperature hydrothermal origin. The relatively radiogenic Nd isotopic signature of the nontronite compared to the present-day Mediterranean seawater indicates that approximately half of Nd, and presumably the rest of the LREE, are derived from local volcanic sources. On the other hand, Sr-87/Sr-86 is dominated by present-day seawater Sr. Scanning electron microscopy investigation revealed that the nontronite is composed of aggregates of lepispheres and tube-like filaments, which are indicative of bacteria assisted precipitation. Bacteria inhabiting this hydrothermal site likely acted as reactive geochemical surfaces on which poorly-ordered hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxides and silica precipitated. Upon aging, the interactions of these primary hydrothermal precipitates coating bacterial filaments and cell walls likely led to the formation of nontronite. Finally, the well-balanced interlayer and layer charges of the crystal lattice of seafloor hydrothermal nontronite decrease its sorption capacity to zero. Thus the ubiquitous nontronite precipitation along the active plate boundaries and around the hot spots has no significant impact on oceanic trace element chemistry. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. Ecole Mines, Ctr Informat Geol, F-77305 Fontainebleau, France. CNR, Ist Geol Marine, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Etovos Univ, Hungarian Acad Sci, Chem Res Ctr, Lab Nucl Chem, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RP Dekov, VM (reprint author), Univ Sofia, Dept Geol & Paleontol, 15 Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. EM dekov@gea.uni-sofia.bg RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Kuzmann, Erno/0000-0002-0183-6649; Kamenov, George/0000-0002-6041-6687 NR 95 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 30 PY 2007 VL 245 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.08.006 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 227OB UT WOS:000250665500007 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RL Yount, JC Reheis, M Goldstein, H Chavez, P Fulton, R Whitney, J Fuller, C Forester, RM AF Reynolds, Richard L. Yount, James C. Reheis, Marith Goldstein, Harland Chavez, Pat, Jr. Fulton, Robert Whitney, John Fuller, Christopher Forester, Richard M. TI Dust emission from wet and dry playas in the Mojave desert, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE dust; playa; evaporite minerals; Mojave desert; wind erosion ID SALTATING PARTICLES; SOIL PARTICLES; UNITED-STATES; SAHARAN DUST; WIND EROSION; CALIFORNIA; AEROSOL; SEDIMENTS; LAKE; SPECTROMETER AB The interactions between playa hydrology and playa-surface sediments are important factors that control the type and amount of dust emitted from playas as a result of wind erosion. The production of evaporite minerals during evaporative loss of near-surface ground water results in both the creation and maintenance of several centimeters or more of loose sediment on and near the surfaces of wet playas. Observations that characterize the texture, mineralogic composition and hardness of playa surfaces at Franklin Lake, Soda Lake and West Cronese Lake playas in the Mojave Desert (California), along with imaging of dust emission using automated digital photography, indicate that these kinds of surface sediment are highly susceptible to dust emission. The surfaces of wet playas are dynamic - surface texture and sediment availability to wind erosion change rapidly, primarily in response to fluctuations in water-table depth, rainfall and rates of evaporation. In contrast, dry playas are characterized by ground water at depth. Consequently, dry playas commonly have hard surfaces that produce little or no dust if undisturbed except for transient silt and clay deposited on surfaces by wind and water. Although not the dominant type of global dust, salt-rich dusts from wet playas may be important with respect to radiative properties of dust plumes, atmospheric chemistry, windborne nutrients and human health. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Calif Desert Studies Consortium, Fullerton, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Reynolds, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO USA. EM rreynolds@usgs.gov OI Fuller, Christopher/0000-0002-2354-8074; Goldstein, Harland/0000-0002-6092-8818 NR 65 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD OCT 30 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1811 EP 1827 DI 10.1002/esp.1515 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 230WH UT WOS:000250906400006 ER PT J AU Peterson, CD Stock, E Price, DM Hart, R Reckendorf, F Erlandson, JM Hostetler, SW AF Peterson, Curt D. Stock, Errol Price, David M. Hart, Roger Reckendorf, Frank Erlandson, Jon M. Hostetler, Steve W. TI Ages, distributions, and origins of upland coastal dune sheets in Oregon, USA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coast; dunes; beaches; Oregon; paleosea-level; paleoclimate ID SOUTHERN NORTHWEST COAST; SEA-LEVEL; CALIFORNIA AB A total of ten upland dune sheets, totaling 245 km in combined length, have been investigated for their origin(s) along the Oregon coast (500 km in length). The ages of dune emplacement range from 0.1 to 103 ka based on radiocarbon (3 6 samples) and luminescence (46 samples) dating techniques. The majority of the emplacement dates fall into two periods of late-Pleistocene age (11-103 ka) and mid-late-Holocene age (0.1-8 ka) that correspond to marine low-stand and marine high-stand conditions, respectively. The distribution of both the late-Pleistocene dune sheets (516 km(2) total surface area) and the late-Holocene dune sheets (184 km(2)) are concentrated (90% of total surface area) along a 100 km coastal reach of the south-central Oregon coast. This coastal reach lies directly landward of a major bight (Heceta-Perpetua-Stonewall Banks) on the continental shelf, at depths of 30200 m below present mean sea level (MSL). The banks served to trap northward littoral drift during most of the late-Pleistocene conditions of lowered sea level (-50 +/- 20 m MSL). The emerged inner-shelf permitted cross-shelf, eolian sand transport (10-50 km distance) by onshore winds. The depocenter sand deposits were reworked by the Holocene marine transgression and carried landward by asymmetric wave transport during early- to mid-Holocene time. The earliest dated onset of Holocene dune accretion occurred at 8 ka in the central Oregon coast. A northward migration of Northeast Pacific storm tracks to the latitude of the shelf depocenter (Stonewall, Perpetua, Heceta Banks) in Holocene time resulted in eastward wave transport from the offshore depocenter. The complex interplay of coastal morphology, paleosea-level, and palcoclimate yielded the observed peak distribution of beach and dune sand observed along the south-central Oregon coast. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Peterson, Curt D.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Stock, Errol] Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Price, David M.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Hart, Roger] Dept Oregon Geol & Mineral Ind, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Reckendorf, Frank] Reckendorf & Associates, Salem, OR 97301 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hostetler, Steve W.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Peterson, CD (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM petersonc@pdx.edu; E.Stock@ens.gu.edu.au; dprice@uow.edu.au; roger_hart01@mac.com; frecken@open.org; jerland@darkwing.uoregon.edu; steve@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 30 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 80 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.005 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244WD UT WOS:000251895100006 ER PT J AU Tesoriero, AJ Saad, DA Burow, KR Frick, EA Puckett, LJ Barbash, JE AF Tesoriero, Anthony J. Saad, David A. Burow, Karen R. Frick, Elizabeth A. Puckett, Larry J. Barbash, Jack E. TI Linking ground-water age and chemistry data along flow paths: Implications for trends and transformations of nitrate and pesticides SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrate; agriculture; trends; atrazine; metolachlor; alachlor; fertilizer; pesticides; dissolved oxygen; ground water ID NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; UNITED-STATES; ATRAZINE; SOIL; WATER; DEGRADATION; METOLACHLOR; HERBICIDES; TRANSPORT; DENITRIFICATION AB Tracer-based ground-water ages, along with the concentrations of pesticides, nitrogen species, and other redox-active constituents, were used to evaluate the trends and transformations of agricultural chemicals along flow paths in diverse hydrogeologic settings. A range of conditions affecting the transformation of nitrate and pesticides (e.g., thickness of unsaturated zone, redox conditions) was examined at study sites in Georgia, North Carolina, Wisconsin, and California. Deethylatrazine (DEA), a transformation product of atrazine, was typically present at concentrations higher than those of atrazine at study sites with thick unsaturated zones but not at sites with thin unsaturated zones. Furthermore, the fraction of atrazine plus DEA that was present as DEA did not increase as a function of ground-water age. These findings suggest that atrazine degradation occurs primarily in the unsaturated zone with little or no degradation in the saturated zone. Similar observations were also made for metolachlor and alachlor. The fraction of the initial nitrate concentration found as excess N(2) (N(2) derived from denitrification) increased with ground-water age only at the North Carolina site, where oxic conditions were generally limited to the top 5 m of saturated thickness. Historical trends in fluxes to ground water were evaluated by relating the times of recharge of ground-water samples, estimated using chlorofluorocarbon concentrations, with concentrations of the parent compound at the time of recharge, estimated by summing the molar concentrations of the parent compound and its transformation products in the age-dated sample. Using this approach, nitrate concentrations were estimated to have increased markedly from 1960 to the present at all study sites. Trends in concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, alachlor, and their degradates were related to the timing of introduction and use of these compounds. Degradates, and to a lesser extent parent compounds, were detected in ground water dating back to the time these compounds were introduced. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Tesoriero, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10615 SE Cherry Blossom Dr, Portland, OR 97216 USA. EM tcsorier@usgs.gov NR 69 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT 30 PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2007.05.007 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 228YD UT WOS:000250767600010 PM 17651860 ER PT J AU Van Oost, K Quine, TA Govers, G De Gryze, S Six, J Harden, JW Ritchie, JC McCarty, GW Heckrath, G Kosmas, C Giraldez, JV da Silva, JRM Merckx, R AF Van Oost, K. Quine, T. A. Govers, G. De Gryze, S. Six, J. Harden, J. W. Ritchie, J. C. McCarty, G. W. Heckrath, G. Kosmas, C. Giraldez, J. V. da Silva, J. R. Marques Merckx, R. TI The impact of agricultural soil erosion on the global carbon cycle SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-USE; BALANCE; SEQUESTRATION; 20TH-CENTURY; DEPOSITION; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; REALITY; MATTER AB Agricultural soil erosion is thought to perturb the global carbon cycle, but estimates of its effect range from a source of 1 petagram per year(-1) to a sink of the same magnitude. By using caesium-137 and carbon inventory measurements from a large-scale survey, we found consistent evidence for an erosion-induced sink of atmospheric carbon equivalent to approximately 26% of the carbon transported by erosion. Based on this relationship, we estimated a global carbon sink of 0.12 (range 0.06 to 0.27) petagrams of carbon per year(-1) resulting from erosion in the world's agricultural landscapes. Our analysis directly challenges the view that agricultural erosion represents an important source or sink for atmospheric CO2. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Phys & Reg Geog Res Grp, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Aarhus, Dept Agroecol & Environm, Res Ctr Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Agr Univ Athens, Lab Soils & Agr Chem, Athens 11855, Greece. Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. Univ Evora, Dept Rural Engn, Inst Ciencias Agr Mediterran, Evora, Portugal. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Div Soil & Water Management, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Van Oost, K (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Geog, B-1048 Louvain, Belgium. EM kristof.vanoost@uclouvain.be RI Van Oost, Kristof/B-6941-2008; Quine, Timothy/B-2984-2010; Govers, Gerard/A-8298-2008; six, johan/J-5228-2015; Heckrath, Goswin/F-2964-2016; OI Govers, Gerard/0000-0001-9884-4778; Marques da Silva, Jose Rafael/0000-0003-0305-8147 NR 29 TC 300 Z9 305 U1 43 U2 265 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 26 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5850 BP 626 EP 629 DI 10.1126/science.1145724 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 223XL UT WOS:000250409200041 PM 17962559 ER PT J AU Luco, N Bazzurro, P AF Luco, Nicolas Bazzurro, Paolo TI Does amplitude scaling of ground motion records result in biased nonlinear structural drift responses? SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ground motion record scaling and selection; nonlinear dynamic analysis; near-source ground motions; nonlinear inelastic seismic drift response ID SELECTION AB Limitations of the existing earthquake ground motion database lead to scaling of records to obtain seismograms consistent with a ground motion target for structural design and evaluation. In the engineering seismology community, acceptable limits for 'legitimate' scaling vary from one (no scaling allowed) to 10 or more. The concerns expressed by detractors of scaling are mostly based on the knowledge of, for example, differences in ground motion characteristics for different earthquake magnitude-distance (M-w-R-close) scenarios, and much less on their effects on structures. At the other end of the spectrum, proponents have demonstrated that scaling is not only legitimate but also useful for assessing structural response statistics for M-w-R-close scenarios. Their studies, however, have not investigated more recent purposes of scaling and have not always drawn conclusions for a wide spectrum of structural vibration periods and strengths. This article investigates whether scaling of records randomly selected from an M-w-R-close bin (or range) to a target fundamental-mode spectral acceleration (Sa) level introduces bias in the expected nonlinear structural drift response of both sing] e-degree-of-freedom oscillators and one multi-degree-of-freedom building. The bias is quantified relative to unsealed records from the target M-w-R-close bin that are 'naturally' at the target Sa level. We consider scaling of records from the target M-w-R-close bin and from other M-w-R-close bins. The results demonstrate that scaling can indeed introduce a bias that, for the most part, can be explained by differences between the elastic response spectra of the scaled versus unsealed records. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. AIR Worldwide Corp, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. RP Luco, N (reprint author), Box 25046,MS 966, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM nluco@usgs.gov OI bazzurro, paolo/0000-0001-6107-9451 NR 23 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0098-8847 J9 EARTHQ ENG STRUCT D JI Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. PD OCT 25 PY 2007 VL 36 IS 13 BP 1813 EP 1835 DI 10.1002/eqe.695 PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 227IJ UT WOS:000250650100002 ER PT J AU Tothong, P Luco, N AF Tothong, Polsak Luco, Nicolas TI Probabilistic seismic demand analysis using advanced ground motion intensity measures SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA); probabilistic seismic demand analysis (PSDA); structural response (drift) hazard curves; ground motion record selection and scaling; ground motion intensity measure (IM); inelastic spectral displacement (S-di) ID SPECTRAL ACCELERATION; EPSILON AB One of the objectives in performance-based earthquake engineering is to quantify the seismic reliability of a structure at a site. For that purpose, probabilistic seismic demand analysis (PSDA) is used as a tool to estimate the mean annual frequency of exceeding a specified value of a structural demand parameter (e.g. interstorey drift). This paper compares and contrasts the use, in PSDA, of certain advanced scalar versus vector and conventional scalar ground motion intensity measures (IMs). One of the benefits of using a well-chosen IM is that more accurate evaluations of seismic performance are achieved without the need to perform detailed ground motion record selection for the nonlinear dynamic structural analyses involved in PSDA (e.g. record selection with respect to seismic parameters such as earthquake magnitude, source-to-site distance, and ground motion epsilon). For structural demands that are dominated by a first mode of vibration, using inelastic spectral displacement (S-di) can be advantageous relative to the conventionally used elastic spectral acceleration (Sa) and the vector IM consisting of Sa and epsilon (e). This paper demonstrates that this is true for ordinary and for near-source pulse-like earthquake records. The latter ground motions cannot be adequately characterized by either Sa alone or the vector of Sa and E. For structural demands with significant higher-mode contributions (under either of the two types of ground motions), even Sdi (alone) is not sufficient, so an advanced scalar IM that additionally incorporates higher modes is used. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tothong, P (reprint author), AIR Worldwide Corp, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. EM ptothong@stanford.edu NR 40 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0098-8847 J9 EARTHQ ENG STRUCT D JI Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. PD OCT 25 PY 2007 VL 36 IS 13 BP 1837 EP 1860 DI 10.1002/eqe.696 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 227IJ UT WOS:000250650100003 ER PT J AU Cronin, TM Vogt, PR Willard, DA Thunell, R Halka, J Berke, M Pohlman, J AF Cronin, T. M. Vogt, P. R. Willard, D. A. Thunell, R. Halka, J. Berke, M. Pohlman, J. TI Rapid sea level rise and ice sheet response to 8,200-year climate event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLD EVENT; GREENLAND; PENINSULA; VARIABILITY; DISCHARGE; CORALS; RECORD; COAST AB The largest abrupt climatic reversal of the Holocene interglacial, the cooling event 8.6 - 8.2 thousand years ago (ka), was probably caused by catastrophic release of glacial Lake Agassiz-Ojibway, which slowed Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and cooled global climate. Geophysical surveys and sediment cores from Chesapeake Bay reveal the pattern of sea level rise during this event. Sea level rose similar to 14 m between 9.5 to 7.5 ka, a pattern consistent with coral records and the ICE- 5G glacio-isostatic adjustment model. There were two distinct periods at similar to 8.9 - 8.8 and similar to 8.2 - 7.6 ka when Chesapeake marshes were drown as sea level rose rapidly at least similar to 12 mm yr(-1). The latter event occurred after the 8.6 - 8.2 ka cooling event, coincided with extreme warming and vigorous AMOC centered on 7.9 ka, and may have been due to Antarctic Ice Sheet decay. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Maryland Geol Surg, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cronin, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr USGS,1220 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tcronin@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 20 AR L20603 DI 10.1029/2007GL031318 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 225MA UT WOS:000250520800004 ER PT J AU Church, CD Wilkin, RT Alpers, CN Rye, RO McCleskey, RB AF Church, Clinton D. Wilkin, Richard T. Alpers, Charles N. Rye, Robert O. McCleskey, R. Blaine TI Microbial sulfate reduction and metal attenuation in pH 4 acid mine water SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REDUCING BACTERIA; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; HEAVY-METALS; SP-NOV; DRAINAGE; SULFIDE; SEDIMENTS; SULFUR; SYSTEM AB Sediments recovered from the flooded mine workings of the Penn Mine, a Cu-Zn mine abandoned since the early 1960s, were cultured for anaerobic bacteria over a range of pH (4.0 to 7.5). The molecular biology of sediments and cultures was studied to determine whether sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were active in moderately acidic conditions present in the underground mine workings. Here we document multiple, independent analyses and show evidence that sulfate reduction and associated metal attenuation are occurring in the pH-4 mine environment. Water-chemistry analyses of the mine water reveal: (1) preferential complexation and precipitation by H(2)S of Cu and Cd, relative to Zn; (2) stable isotope ratios of (34)S/(32)S and (18)O/(16)O in dissolved SO(4) that are 2-3 parts per thousand heavier in the mine water, relative to those in surface waters; (3) reduction/ oxidation conditions and dissolved gas concentrations consistent with conditions to support anaerobic processes such as sulfate reduction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of sediment show 1.5-micrometer, spherical ZnS precipitates. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of Penn Mine sediment show a high biomass level with a moderately diverse community structure composed primarily of iron-and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultures of sediment from the mine produced dissolved sulfide at pH values near 7 and near 4, forming precipitates of either iron sulfide or elemental sulfur. DGGE coupled with sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene segments showed populations of Desulfosporosinus and Desulfitobacterium in Penn Mine sediment and laboratory cultures. C1 [Church, Clinton D.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Church, Clinton D.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wilkin, Richard T.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Alpers, Charles N.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Rye, Robert O.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [McCleskey, R. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Church, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 4165 Spruance Rd, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM clinton.church@ars.usda.gov; wilkin.rick@epa.gov; cnalpers@usgs.gov; rrye@usgs.gov; rbmccles@usgs.gov OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD OCT 23 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 10 DI 10.1186/1467-4866-8-10 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 255LR UT WOS:000252660000001 PM 17956615 ER PT J AU Hinsby, K Hojberg, AL Engesgaard, P Jensen, KH Larsen, F Plummer, LN Busenberg, E AF Hinsby, K. Hojberg, Anker L. Engesgaard, P. Jensen, K. H. Larsen, F. Plummer, L. N. Busenberg, E. TI Transport and degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the pyritic Rabis Creek aquifer, Denmark SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW SANDY AQUIFER; KARSTIC LIMESTONE AQUIFER; UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER; JERSEY COASTAL-PLAIN; GROUND-WATER AGE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; NORTHERN FLORIDA; RIVER WATER; GREEN RUST AB Vertical profiles of the chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113 penetrating aerobic and anaerobic parts of a shallow sandy aquifer show that the CFC gases are degraded in the < 1 m thick transition zone from aerobic to anaerobic groundwater in a pyritic sand aquifer at Rabis Creek, Denmark. Two-dimensional solute transport simulations with either zero-order or first-order degradation in the anaerobic zone corroborate this interpretation. The transport model was previously calibrated against detailed tritium profiles in the same wells. First-order degradation is found to best match the observed CFC profiles yielding an approximate half-life of a few months for CFC-11. Degradation is not as clearly recognized for CFC-12 and CFC-113, but it may occur with rates corresponding to a half-life of a few years or more. Data indicate a geochemical control of the CFC concentration gradient at the redox front and that denitrification and denitrifiers are not of major importance for the observed CFC degradation. The responsible mechanism behind the observed degradation is not known but we suggest that reductive dehalogenation by surface-bound Fe(II) on pyrite possibly enhanced by the presence of Fe(III)-bearing weathering products (green rust) may be a plausible mechanism. The observed data and the performed simulations confirm the potential application of the CFC gases as age-dating tools in the aerobic part of the investigated aquifer, but also that CFC data must be analyzed carefully before it is used as a dating tool in reducing aquifers because degradation may have occurred. The use of multiple or alternative tracers should be considered in anaerobic environments. C1 [Hinsby, K.; Hojberg, Anker L.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland Hydrol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Plummer, L. N.; Busenberg, E.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Engesgaard, P.; Jensen, K. H.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geog & Geol, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Larsen, F.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Larsen, F.] Tech Univ Denmark, Inst Environm & Resources, Lyngby, Denmark. RP Hinsby, K (reprint author), Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland Hydrol, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM khi@geus.dk RI Hojberg, Anker Lajer/F-3036-2011; Hinsby, Klaus/C-1806-2008; Jensen, Karsten/E-3469-2015; OI Hojberg, Anker Lajer/0000-0003-3460-6046; Hinsby, Klaus/0000-0003-1190-4550; Jensen, Karsten/0000-0003-4020-0050; Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 FU Danish Environmental Research Program; Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. FX This study was supported by the Danish Environmental Research Program and the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. Soren Nielsen, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, is acknowledged for his valuable assistance in the field. We acknowledge the valuable comments and remarks by Zoltan Szabo, U. S. Geological Survey, West Trenton, NJ, and Stephen R. Hinkle, U. S. Geological Survey, Portland, OR. Patrick Hohener, University of Provence. Two other WRR reviewers, and the Associate Editor of WRR are acknowledged for their interest in this work and their thoughtful remarks. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 20 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 10 AR W10423 DI 10.1029/2006WR005854 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 348BG UT WOS:000259185300001 ER PT J AU Lacy, JR Rubin, DM Ikeda, H Mokudai, K Hanes, DM AF Lacy, Jessica R. Rubin, David M. Ikeda, Hiroshi Mokudai, Kuniyasu Hanes, Daniel M. TI Bed forms created by simulated waves and currents in a large flume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONALLY VARYING FLOWS; SMALL-SCALE BEDFORMS; OSCILLATORY-FLOW; SAND RIPPLES; GENERATED RIPPLES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEOMETRY; ROUGHNESS; DYNAMICS; MIGRATION AB The morphology and evolution of bed forms created by combinations of waves and currents were investigated using an oscillating plate in a 4-m-wide flume. Current speed ranged from 0 to 30 cm/s, maximum oscillatory velocity ranged from 20 to 48 cm/s, oscillation period was 8 s ( except for one run with 12 s period), and the median grain size was 0.27 mm. The angle between oscillations and current was 90 degrees, 60 degrees, or 45 degrees. At the end of each run the sand bed was photographed and ripple dimensions were measured. Ripple wavelength was also determined from sonar images collected throughout the runs. Increasing the ratio of current to wave (i.e., oscillatory) velocity decreased ripple height and wavelength, in part because of the increased fluid excursion during the wave period. Increasing the ratio of current to waves, or decreasing the angle between current and waves, increased the three-dimensionality of bed forms. During the runs, ripple wavelength increased by a factor of about 2. The average number of wave periods for evolution of ripple wavelength to 90% of its final value was 184 for two-dimensional ripples starting from a flat bed. Bed form orientations at the end of each run were compared to four potential controlling factors: the directions of waves, current, maximum instantaneous bed shear stress, and maximum gross bed form normal transport (MGBNT). The directions of waves and of MGBNT were equally good predictors of bed form orientations, and were significantly better than the other two factors. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Univ Tsukuba, Terr Environm Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Lacy, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA USA. OI MOKUDAI, Kuniyasu/0000-0002-2659-3866 NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 19 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C10 AR C10018 DI 10.1029/2006JC003942 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 224MC UT WOS:000250450100003 ER PT J AU Finn, CA Deszcz-Pan, M Anderson, ED John, DA AF Finn, Carol A. Deszcz-Pan, Maryla Anderson, Eric D. John, David A. TI Three-dimensional geophysical mapping of rock alteration and water content at Mount Adams, Washington: Implications for lahar hazards SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA; DRIVEN GROUNDWATER-FLOW; CASCADE RANGE; LAYERED EARTH; NEW-ZEALAND; VOLCANO; RAINIER; RESISTIVITY; INDONESIA; EDIFICES AB Hydrothermally altered rocks, particularly if water saturated, can weaken stratovolcanoes, thereby increasing the potential for catastrophic sector collapses that can lead to far-traveled, destructive debris flows. Evaluating the hazards associated with such alteration is difficult because alteration has been mapped on few active volcanoes and the distribution and intensity of subsurface alteration are largely unknown on any active volcano. At Mount Adams, some Holocene debris flows contain abundant hydrothermal minerals derived from collapse of the altered edifice. Intense hydrothermal alteration significantly reduces the resistivity and magnetization of volcanic rock, and therefore hydrothermally altered rocks can be identified with helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic measurements. Electromagnetic and magnetic data, combined with geological mapping and rock property measurements, indicate the presence of appreciable thicknesses of hydrothermally altered rock in the central core of Mount Adams north of the summit. We identify steep cliffs at the western edge of this zone as the likely source for future large debris flows. In addition, the electromagnetic data identified water in the brecciated core of the upper 100-200 m of the volcano. Water helps alter the rocks, reduces the effective stress, thereby increasing the potential for slope failure, and acts, with entrained melting ice, as a lubricant to transform debris avalanches into lahars. Therefore knowing the distribution of water is also important for hazard assessments. Our results demonstrate that high-resolution geophysical and geological observations can yield unprecedented views of the three-dimensional distribution of altered rock and shallow pore water aiding evaluation of the debris avalanche hazard. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80226 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Finn, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 945, Denver, CO 80226 USA. OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B10 AR B10204 DI 10.1029/2006JB004783 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 224MM UT WOS:000250451100004 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Brumfield, RT AF Chesser, R. Terry Brumfield, Robb T. TI Tarphonomus, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves : Passeriformes : Furnariidae) from South America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Tarphonomus, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae) from South America, is described. Species included in the new genus, formerly placed in Upucerthia, are T. certhioides and T. harterti. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Louisiana State Univ, LSU, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM terry.chesser@usgs.gov; brumfld@lsu.edu OI Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP 337 EP 339 PG 3 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 222KG UT WOS:000250294400009 ER PT J AU Woodman, N AF Woodman, Neal TI A new species of nectar-feeding bat, genus Lonchophylla, from western Colombia and western Ecuador (Mammalia : Chiroptera : Phyllostomidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID THOMAS AB The twelve recognized species of nectar-feeding bats of the genus Lonchophylla occur in low- and middle-elevation, humid, Neotropical forests. Morphological and morphometrical analyses of specimens formerly lumped with Lonchophylla mordax O. Thomas (1903) support recognition of Lonchophylla concava Goldman (1914) as a separate species and reveal a third species from the western Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador that I describe herein as Lonchophylla fornicata. This new species is morphologically similar to Lonchophylla concava but is distinctively larger than that species. Tests for sexual dimorphism within these and other species of Lonchophyllini suggest a tendency for females to have slightly longer, narrower skulls, higher coronoid processes of the mandible, and longer forearms than males. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 17 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3 BP 340 EP 358 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[340:ANSONB]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 222KG UT WOS:000250294400010 ER PT J AU Harris, RC Rudd, JWM Amyot, M Babiarz, CL Beaty, KG Blanchfield, PJ Bodaly, RA Branfireun, BA Gilmour, CC Graydon, JA Heyes, A Hintelmann, H Hurley, JP Kelly, CA Krabbenhoft, DP Lindberg, SE Mason, RP Paterson, MJ Podemski, CL Robinson, A Sandilands, KA Southworth, GR Louis, VLS Tate, MT AF Harris, Reed C. Rudd, John W. M. Amyot, Marc Babiarz, Christopher L. Beaty, Ken G. Blanchfield, Paul J. Bodaly, R. A. Branfireun, Brian A. Gilmour, Cynthia C. Graydon, Jennifer A. Heyes, Andrew Hintelmann, Holger Hurley, James P. Kelly, Carol A. Krabbenhoft, David P. Lindberg, Steve E. Mason, Robert P. Paterson, Michael J. Podemski, Cheryl L. Robinson, Art Sandilands, Ken A. Southworth, George R. Louis, Vincent L. St. Tate, Michael T. TI Whole-ecosystem study shows rapid fish-mercury response to changes in mercury deposition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; mercury methylation; stable isotopes; whole-ecosystem experimentation; methylmercury ID CANADIAN SHIELD LAKES; METHYL MERCURY; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; METHYLMERCURY; INCREASES; ACCUMULATION; RESERVOIR; ISOTOPES; FLUXES AB Methylmercury contamination of fisheries from centuries of industrial atmospheric emissions negatively impacts humans and wildlife worldwide. The response of fish methylmercury concentrations to changes in mercury deposition has-been difficult to establish because sediments/soils contain large pools of historical contamination, and many factors in addition to deposition affect fish mercury. To test directly the response of fish contamination to changing mercury deposition, we conducted a whole-ecosystem experiment, increasing the mercury load to a lake and its watershed by the addition of enriched stable mercury isotopes. The isotopes allowed us to distinguish between experimentally applied mercury and mercury already present in the ecosystem and to examine biclaccumulation of mercury deposited to different parts of the watershed. Fish methylmercury concentrations responded rapidly to changes in mercury deposition over the first 3 years of study. Essentially all of the increase in fish methylmercury concentrations came from mercury deposited directly to the lake surface. In contrast, < 1% of the mercury isotope deposited to the watershed was exported to the lake. Steady state was not reached within 3 years. Lake mercury isotope concentrations were still rising in lake biota, and watershed mercury isotope exports to the lake were increasing slowly. Therefore, we predict that mercury emissions reductions will yield rapid (years) reductions in fish methylmercury concentrations and will yield concomitant reductions in risk. However, a full response will be delayed by the gradual export of mercury stored in watersheds. The rate of response will vary among lakes depending on the relative surface areas of water and watershed. C1 R&K Res Inc, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2J3, Canada. Tetra Tech Inc, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Tech Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. Penobscot River Mercury Study, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2W5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada. RP Rudd, JWM (reprint author), R&K Res Inc, 675 Mt Belcher Hts, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 2J3, Canada. EM john_rudd@gulfislandswireless.com RI Amyot, Marc/A-7182-2008; Hurley, James/A-9216-2010; St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; Heyes, Andrew/E-5269-2012; St. Louis, Vincent/A-3757-2014; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Graydon, Jennifer/G-6853-2011; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X; Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249; Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 NR 37 TC 211 Z9 218 U1 20 U2 161 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 16 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 42 BP 16586 EP 16591 DI 10.1073/pnas.0704186104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 223MA UT WOS:000250373400037 PM 17901207 ER PT J AU Meyer, MT Scribner, EA Kalkhoff, SJ AF Meyer, Michael T. Scribner, Elisabeth A. Kalkhoff, Stephen J. TI Comparison of fate and transport of isoxaflutole to atrazine and metolachlor in 10 Iowa rivers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NONPOINT-SOURCE CONTAMINATION; SURFACE-WATER; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; DIKETONITRILE DEGRADATE; SORPTION-DESORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOIL PROPERTIES; C-14 ATRAZINE; SPRING FLUSH AB Isoxaflutole (IXF), a newer low application rate herbicide, was introduced for weed control in corn (Zea mays) to use as an alternative to widely applied herbicides such as atrazine. The transport of IXF in streamwater has not been well-studied. The fate and transport of IXF and two of its degradation products was studied in 10 Iowa rivers during 2004. IXF rapidly degrades to the herbicidally active diketonitrile (DKN), which degrades to a biologically inactive benzoic acid (BA) analogue. IXF was detected in only four, DKN in 56, and BA in 43 of 75 samples. The concentrations of DKN and BA were approximately 2 orders of magnitude less than those of the commonly detected triazine and acetamide herbicides and their degradation products. Concentrations of IXF, DKN, and BA were highest during the May through June postplanting period. The concentration ratio of BA/DKN was similar to the deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio with smaller ratios occurring during May and June. The relative temporal variation of DKN and BA was similar to that observed for atrazine and deethylatrazine. This study shows that low application rate herbicides can have similar temporal transport patterns in streamwater as compared to more widely applied herbicides but at lower concentrations. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Meyer, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM mmeyer@usgs.gov OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985; Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 6933 EP 6939 DI 10.1021/es070903t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219TJ UT WOS:000250110800014 PM 17993131 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW Simonds, FW Paulson, AJ Kruse, S Reich, C AF Swarzenski, Peter W. Simonds, F. William Paulson, Anthony J. Kruse, Sarah Reich, Chris TI Geochemical and geophysical examination of submarine groundwater discharge and associated nutrient loading estimates into Lynch Cove, Hood Canal, WA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROWN-TIDE BLOOMS; RADIUM ISOTOPES; COASTAL ZONE; NATURAL TRACERS; NITROGEN; INPUTS; WATER; ESTUARY; FLORIDA; RN-222 AB Geochemical tracer data (i.e., Rn-222 and four naturally occurring Ra isotopes), electromagnetic (EM) seepage meter results, and high-resolution, stationary electrical resistivity images were used to examine the bi-directional (i.e., submarine groundwater discharge and recharge) exchange of a coastal aquifer with seawater. Our study site for these experiments was Lynch Cove, the terminus of Hood Canal, WA, where fjord-like conditions dramatically limit water column circulation that can lead to recurring summer-time hypoxic events. In such a system a precise nutrient budget may be particularly sensitive to groundwater-derived nutrient loading. Shore-perpendicular time-series subsurface resistivity profiles show clear, decimeter-scale tidal modulation of the coastal aquifer in response to large, regional hydraulic gradients, hydrologically transmissive glacial terrain, and large (4-5 m) tidal amplitudes. A 5-day Rn-222 time-series shows a strong inverse covariance between Rn-222 activities (0.5-29 dpm L-1) and water level fluctuations, and provides compelling evidence for tidally modulated exchange of groundwater across the sediment/water interface. Mean Rn-derived submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) rates of 85 +/- 84 cm d(-1) agree closely in the timing and magnitude with EM seepage meter results that showed discharge during low tide and recharge during high tide events. To evaluate the importance of fresh versus saline SGD, Rn-derived SGD rates (as a proxy of total SGD) were compared to excess Ra-226-derived SGD rates (as a proxy for the saline contribution of SGD). The calculated SGD rates, which include a significant (>80%) component of recycled seawater, are used to estimate associated nutrient (NH4+, Si, PO43-, NO3 + NO2, TDN) loads to Lynch Cove. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN = NH4 + NO2 + NO3) SGD loading estimate of 5.9 x 10(4) mol d(-1) is 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than similar estimates derived from atmospheric deposition and surface water runoff, respectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Swarzenski, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pswarzen@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 7022 EP 7029 DI 10.1021/es070881a PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219TJ UT WOS:000250110800027 PM 17993143 ER PT J AU Martin, CA Luoma, SN Cain, DJ Buchwalter, DB AF Martin, Caitrin A. Luoma, Samuel N. Cain, Daniel J. Buchwalter, David B. TI Cadmium ecophysiology in seven stonefly (Plecoptera) species: Delineating sources and estimating susceptibility SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC ORGANISMS; SUBCELLULAR COMPARTMENTALIZATION; METAL BIOACCUMULATION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; BIOTIC LIGAND; 2 BIVALVES; WATER; CD; DIETARY; PREY AB A major challenge in ecotoxicology lies in generating data under experimental conditions that are relevant to understanding contaminant effects in nature. Biodynamic modeling combines species-specific physiological traits to make predictions of metal bioaccumulation that fare well when tested in the field. We generated biodynamic models for seven predatory stonefly (Plecoptera) species representing the families Perlidae (5) and Perlodidae (2). Each taxon was exposed to cadmium independently via diet and via solution. Species varied approximately 2.6 fold in predicted steady-state cadmium concentrations. Diet was the predominant source of accumulated cadmium in five of the seven species and averaged 53.2 +/- 9.6% and 90.2 +/- 3.7% of net Cd accumulation in perlids and perlodids, respectively. Differences in Cd bioaccumulation between the two families were largely driven by differences in dissolved accumulation rates, which were considerably slower in perlodids than in perlids. We further examined the subcellular compartmentalization of Cd accumulated from independent aqueous and dietary exposures. Predicted steady-state concentrations were modified to only consider Cd accumulated in metal-sensitive subcellular compartments. These values ranged 5.3 fold. We discuss this variability within a phylogenetic context and its implications for bioassessment. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Buchwalter, DB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM david_buchwalter@ncsu.edu OI Cain, Daniel/0000-0002-3443-0493 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 20 BP 7171 EP 7177 DI 10.1021/es0712051b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219TJ UT WOS:000250110800049 PM 17993165 ER PT J AU Constantz, J Essaid, H AF Constantz, Jim Essaid, Hedeff TI Influence of groundwater pumping on streamflow restoration following upstream dam removals SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE streamflow; dam removal; groundwater pumping; stream restoration AB We compared streamflow in basins under the combined impacts of an upland dam and groundwater pumping withdrawals, by examining streamflow in the presence and absence of each impact. As a qualitative analysis, inter-watershed streamflow comparisons were performed for several rivers flowing into the east side of the Central Valley, CA. Results suggest that, in the absence of upland dams supporting large reservoirs, some reaches of these rivers might develop ephemeral streamflow in late summer. As a quantitative analysis, we conducted a series of stream flow/groundwater simulations (using MODFLOW-2000 plus the streamflow routing package, SFR1) for a representative hypothetical watershed, with an upland dam and groundwater pumping in the downstream basin, under humid, semi-arid, and and conditions. As a result of including the impact of groundwater pumping, post-dam removal simulated streamflow was significantly less than natural streamflow. The model predicts extensive ephemeral conditions in the basin during September for both the and and semi-arid cases. The model predicts continued perennial conditions in the humid case, but spatially weighted, average streamflow of only 71% of natural September streamflow, as a result of continued pumping after dam removal. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Bldg 15 McKelvey Bldg, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jconstan@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 21 BP 2823 EP 2834 DI 10.1002/hyp.6520 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 221TW UT WOS:000250251200001 ER PT J AU Petersen, T AF Petersen, Tanja TI Swarms of repeating long-period earthquakes at Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska, 2001-2004 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shishaldin volcano; volcano seismology; long-period earthquakes; multiplets ID KUSATSU-SHIRANE VOLCANO; SOUFRIERE-HILLS-VOLCANO; FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; REDOUBT-VOLCANO; STROMBOLIAN EXPLOSIONS; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; KILAUEA VOLCANO; HARMONIC TREMOR; EVENTS; MONTSERRAT AB During 2001-2004, a series of four periods of elevated long-period seismic activity, each lasting about 1-2 months, occurred at Shishaldin Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The time periods are termed swarms of repeating events, reflecting an abundance of earthquakes with highly similar wave-forms that indicate stable, non-destructive sources. These swarms are characterized by increased earthquake amplitudes, although the seismicity rate of one event every 0.5-5 min has remained more or less constant since Shishaldin last erupted in 1999. A method based on waveform cross-coffelation is used to identify highly repetitive events, suggestive of spatially distinct source locations. The waveform analysis shows that several different families of similar events coexist during a given swarm day, but generally only one large family dominates. A network of hydrothermal fractures may explain the events that do not belong to a dominant repeating event group, i.e. multiple sources at different locations exist next to a dominant source. The dominant waveforms exhibit systematic changes throughout each swarm, but some of these waveforms do reappear over the course of 4 years indicating repeatedly activated source locations. The choked flow model provides a plausible trigger mechanism for the repeating events observed at Shishaldin, explaining the gradual changes in waveforms over time by changes in pressure gradient across a constriction within the uppermost part of the conduit. The sustained generation of Shishaldin's long-period events may be attributed to complex dynamics of a multi-fractured hydrothermal system: the pressure gradient within the main conduit may be regulated by temporarily sealing and reopening of parallel flow pathways, by the amount of debris within the main conduit and/or by changing gas influx into the hydrothermal system. The observations suggest that Shishaldin's swarms of repeating events represent time periods during which a dominant source is activated. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Petersen, T (reprint author), GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM t.petersen@gns.cri.nz NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.014 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 227JR UT WOS:000250653500004 ER PT J AU MacNeil, RE Sanford, WE Connor, CB Sandberg, SK Diez, M AF MacNeil, Richard E. Sanford, Ward E. Connor, Charles B. Sandberg, Stewart K. Diez, Mikel TI Investigation of the groundwater system at Masaya Caldera, Nicaragua, using transient electromagnetics and numerical simulation SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE caldera; groundwater; electromagnetic methods; geothermal evaluation; hydrology; volcanic structure ID VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; FLOW; COMPLEX; OREGON; MAGMA; RATES; ZONE; CO2 AB The distribution of groundwater beneath Masaya Volcano, in Nicaragua, and its surrounding caldera was characterized using the transient electromagnetic method (TEM). Multiple soundings were conducted at 30 sites. Models of the TEM data consistently indicate a resistive layer that is underlain by one or more conductive layers. These two layers represent the unsaturated and saturated zones, respectively, with the boundary between them indicating the water-table elevation. A map of the TEM data shows that the water table in the caldera is a subdued replica of the topography, with higher elevations beneath the edifice in the south-central caldera and lower elevations in the eastern caldera, coinciding with the elevation of Laguna de Masaya. These TEM data, combined with regional hydrologic data, indicate that the caldera in hydrologically isolated from the surrounding region, with as much as 60 m of difference in elevation of the groundwater table across caldera-bounding faults. The water-table information and estimates of fluxes of water through the system were used to constrain a numerical simulation of groundwater flow. The simulation results indicate that basalt flows in the outer parts of the caldera have a relatively high transmissivity, whereas the central edifice has a substantially lower transmissivity. A layer of relatively high transmissivity must be present at depth within the edifice in order to deliver the observed flux of water and steam to the active vent. This hydrologic information about the caldera provides a baseline for assessing the response of this isolated groundwater system to future changes in magmatic activity. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sanford, WE (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 528, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM wsanford@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2007 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.016 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 227JR UT WOS:000250653500007 ER PT J AU Myers, MD Ayers, MA Baron, JS Beauchemin, PR Gallagher, KT Goldhaber, MB Hutchinson, DR LaBaugh, JW Sayre, RG Schwarzbach, SE Schweig, ES Thormodsgard, J van Riper, C Wilde, W AF Myers, M. D. Ayers, M. A. Baron, J. S. Beauchemin, P. R. Gallagher, K. T. Goldhaber, M. B. Hutchinson, D. R. LaBaugh, J. W. Sayre, R. G. Schwarzbach, S. E. Schweig, E. S. Thormodsgard, J. van Riper, C., III Wilde, W. TI Sustainability - USGS goals for the coming decade SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Goldhaber, MB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mgold@usgs.gov RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 12 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5848 BP 200 EP 201 DI 10.1126/science.1147228 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 219LG UT WOS:000250086100020 PM 17932272 ER PT J AU Lowry, CS Walker, JF Hunt, RJ Anderson, MP AF Lowry, Christopher S. Walker, John F. Hunt, Randall J. Anderson, Mary P. TI Identifying spatial variability of groundwater discharge in a wetland stream using a distributed temperature sensor SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER DISCHARGE; FLOW MODEL; SEEPAGE; PLANTS; LAKES; SYSTEMS; TRACER; FLUX AB [1] Discrete zones of groundwater discharge in a stream within a peat-dominated wetland were identified on the basis of variations in streambed temperature using a distributed temperature sensor (DTS). The DTS gives measurements of the spatial (+/- 1 m) and temporal (15 min) variation of streambed temperature over a much larger reach of stream (> 800 m) than previous methods. Isolated temperature anomalies observed along the stream correspond to focused groundwater discharge zones likely caused by soil pipes within the peat. The DTS also recorded variations in the number of temperature anomalies, where higher numbers correlated well with a gaining reach identified by stream gauging. Focused zones of groundwater discharge showed essentially no change in position over successive measurement periods. Results suggest DTS measurements will complement other techniques ( e. g., seepage meters and stream gauging) and help further improve our understanding of groundwater-surface water dynamics in wetland streams. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI USA. RP Lowry, CS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lowry@geology.wisc.edu; jfwalker@usgs.gov; rjhunt@usgs.gov; andy@geology.wisc.edu OI Lowry, Christopher/0000-0003-0512-964X; Walker, John/0000-0003-0155-7479 NR 41 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 6 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 10 AR W10408 DI 10.1029/2007WR006145 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 218XI UT WOS:000250048900001 ER PT J AU Harris, AJL Dehn, J James, MR Hamilton, C Herd, R Lodato, L Steffke, A AF Harris, Andrew J. L. Dehn, Jonathan James, Mike R. Hamilton, Christopher Herd, Richard Lodato, Luigi Steffke, Andrea TI P(a)over-barhoehoe flow cooling, discharge, and coverage rates from thermal image chronometry SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE LAVA FLOWS; MOUNT-ETNA; MORPHOLOGY; STROMBOLI; EXAMPLE; FIELD AB [1] Theoretically- and empirically-derived cooling rates for active pahoehoe lava flows show that surface cooling is controlled by conductive heat loss through a crust that is thickening with the square root of time. The model is based on a linear relationship that links log( time) with surface cooling. This predictable cooling behavior can be used assess the age of recently emplaced sheet flows from their surface temperatures. Using a single thermal image, or image mosaic, this allows quantification of the variation in areal coverage rates and lava discharge rates over 48 hour periods prior to image capture. For pahoehoe sheet flow at Kilauea (Hawai'i) this gives coverage rates of 1-5 m(2)/min at discharge rates of 0.01-0.05 m(3)/s, increasing to similar to 40m(2)/min at 0.4-0.5 m(3)/s. Our thermal chronometry approach represents a quick and easy method of tracking flow advance over a three-day period using a single, thermal snap-shot. C1 Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & PLanetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Lancaster, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Catania, Italy. RP Harris, AJL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & PLanetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM harris@higp.hawaii.edu RI James, Mike/C-6817-2008 OI James, Mike/0000-0002-9177-2588 NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 19 AR L19303 DI 10.1029/2007GL030791 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 218WA UT WOS:000250045500003 ER PT J AU Scotti, A Beardsley, RC Butman, B AF Scotti, A. Beardsley, R. C. Butman, B. TI Generation and propagation of nonlinear internal waves in Massachusetts Bay SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MALIN SHELF BREAK; SOLITARY WAVES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; STRATIFIED FLOW; TIDAL FLOW; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; SULU SEA; TOPOGRAPHY; SOLITONS; MODEL AB [1] During the summer, nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) are commonly observed propagating in Massachusetts Bay. The topography of the area is unique in the sense that the generation area (over Stellwagen Bank) is only 25 km away from the shoaling area, and thus it represents an excellent natural laboratory to study the life cycle of NLIWs. To assist in the interpretation of the data collected during the 1998 Massachusetts Bay Internal Wave Experiment (MBIWE98), a fully nonlinear and nonhydrostatic model covering the generation/ shoaling region was developed, to investigate the response of the system to the range of background and driving conditions observed. Simplified models were also used to elucidate the role of nonlinearity and dispersion in shaping the NLIW field. This paper concentrates on the generation process and the subsequent evolution in the basin. The model was found to reproduce well the range of propagation characteristics observed (arrival time, propagation speed, amplitude), and provided a coherent framework to interpret the observations. Comparison with a fully nonlinear hydrostatic model shows that during the generation and initial evolution of the waves as they move away from Stellwagen Bank, dispersive effects play a negligible role. Thus the problem can be well understood considering the geometry of the characteristics along which the Riemann invariants of the hydrostatic problem propagate. Dispersion plays a role only during the evolution of the undular bore in the middle of Stellwagen Basin. The consequences for modeling NLIWs within hydrostatic models are briefly discussed at the end. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Scotti, A (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ascotti@unc.edu; rbeardsley@whoi.edu; bbutman@whoi.edu OI Scotti, Alberto/0000-0001-8283-3070 NR 72 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 2 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C10 AR C10001 DI 10.1029/2007JC004313 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 218WM UT WOS:000250046700002 ER PT J AU Barber-Meyer, SM White, PJ Mech, LD AF Barber-Meyer, Shannon M. White, P. J. Mech, L. David TI Survey of selected pathogens and blood parameters of northern yellowstone elk: Wolf sanitation effect implications SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; RESTORATION; PREVALENCE AB The restoration or conservation of predators could reduce seroprevalences of certain diseases in prey if predation selectively removes animals exhibiting clinical signs. We assessed disease seroprevalences and blood parameters of 115 adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) wintering on the northern range of Yellowstone National Park [YNP] during 2000-2005 and compared them to data collected prior to wolf (Canis lupus) restoration (WR) in 1995 and to two other herds in Montana to assess this prediction. Blood parameters were generally within two standard deviations of the means observed in other Montana herds (Gravelly-Snowcrest [GS] and Garnet Mountain [GM]), but Yellowstone elk had higher seroprevalences of parainfluenza-3 virus (95% CI YNP = 61.1-78.6, GS = 30.3-46.5) and bovine-virus-diarrhea virus type 1 (95% CI YNP = 15.9-31.9, GM = 0). In comparisons between pre-wolf restoration [pre-WR] (i.e., prior to 1995) seroprevalences with those post-wolf restoration [post-WR] in Yellowstone, we found lower scroprevalences for some disease-causing agents post-wolf restoration (e.g., bovine-virus-diarrhea virus type-1 [95% CI pre-WR = 73.1-86.3, post-WR = 15.9-31.9] and bovine-respiratory syncytial virus [95% CI pre-WR = 70.0-83.8, post-WR = 0]), but similar (e.g., Brucella abortus [95% CI pre-WR = 0-4.45, post-WR = 0-4.74] and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus [95% Cl pre-WR = 0, post-VVR = 0]) or higher for others (e.g., Anaplasma marginale [95% CI pre-WR = 0, post-WR = 18.5-38.7] and Leptospira spp. [95% CI pre-WR = 0.5-6.5, post-WR = 9.5-23.51). Though we did not detect an overall strong predation effect through reduced disease seroprevalence using retrospective comparisons with sparse data, our reference values will facilitate future assessments of this issue. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Barber-Meyer, SM (reprint author), Mexican Wolf Reintroduct Project, POB 856, Alpine, AZ 85920 USA. EM shannonbarbermeyer@gmail.com NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 158 IS 2 BP 369 EP 381 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[369:SOSPAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 226UJ UT WOS:000250613700011 ER PT J AU McCarthy, C Cooper, RF Kirby, SH Rieck, KD Stern, LA AF McCarthy, Christine Cooper, Reid F. Kirby, Stephen H. Rieck, Karen D. Stern, Laura A. TI Solidification and microstructures of binary ice-I/hydrate eutectic aggregates SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; ice; salt-hydrate; phase equilibria; eutectic reaction; thermodynamics; aqueous solutions; lunar and planetary studies; icy satellites ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; SULFURIC-ACID; VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; EUROPAS SURFACE; WATER ICE; SALTS; LAMELLAR; GROWTH; SATELLITES AB The microstructures of two-phase binary aggregates of ice-I + salt-hydrate, prepared by eutectic solidification, have been characterized by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (CSEM). The specific binary systems studied were H2O-Na2SO4, H2O-MgSO4, H2O-NaCl, and H2O-H2SO4; these were selected based on their potential application to the study of tectonics on the Jovian moon Europa. Homogeneous liquid solutions of eutectic compositions were undercooled modestly (AT similar to 1-5 degrees C); similarly cooled crystalline seeds of the same composition were added to circumvent the thermodynamic barrier to nucleation and to control eutectic growth under (approximately) isothermal conditions. CSEM revealed classic eutectic, solidification microstructures with the hydrate phase forming continuous lamellae, discontinuous lamellae, or forming the matrix around rods of ice-I, depending on the volume fractions of the phases and their entropy of dissolving and forming a homogeneous aqueous solution. We quantify aspects of the solidification behavior and microstructures for each system and, with these data, articulate anticipated effects of the microstructure on the mechanical responses of the materials. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP McCarthy, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM christine_mccarthy@brown.edu NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1550 EP 1560 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2435 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 217ST UT WOS:000249968300002 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Otton, JK AF Kharaka, Yousif K. Otton, James K. TI Environmental issues related to oil and gas exploration and production - Preface SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov; jkotton@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2095 EP 2098 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.006 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 230TV UT WOS:000250899700001 ER PT J AU Zielinski, RA Budahn, JR AF Zielinski, Robert A. Budahn, James R. TI Mode of occurrence and environmental mobility of oil-field radioactive material at US Geological Survey research site B, Osage-Skiatook Project, northeastern Oklahoma SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer ID RADIUM; SORPTION; URANIUM; RADIONUCLIDES; SOILS AB Two samples of produced-water collected from a storage tank at US Geological Survey research site B, near Skiatook Lake in northeastern Oklahoma, have activity concentrations of dissolved Ra-226 and Ra-228 that are about 1500 disintegrations/min/L (dpm/L). Produced-water also contains minor amounts of small (5-50 mu m) suspended grains of Ra-bearing BaSO4 (barite). Precipitation of radioactive barite scale in the storage tank is probably hindered by low concentrations of dissolved SO4 (2.5 mg/L) in the produced-water. Sediments in a storage pit used to temporarily collect releases of produced-water have marginally elevated concentrations of "excess" Ra (several dpm/g), that are 15-65% above natural background values. Tank and pit waters are chemically oversaturated with barite, and some small (2-20 pm) barite grains observed in the pit sediments could be transferred from the tank or formed in place. Measurements of the concentrations of Ba and excess Ra isotopes in the pit sediments show variations with depth that are consistent with relatively uniform deposition and progressive burial of an insoluble Ra-bearing host (barite?). The short-lived Ra-228 isotope (half-life = 5.76 a) shows greater reductions with depth than 226Ra (half-life = 1600 a), that are likely explained by radioactive decay. The Ra-228/Ra-226 activity ratio of excess Ra in uppermost pit sediments (1.13-1.17) is close to the ratio measured in the samples of produced-water (0.97,1.14). Declines in Ra activity ratio (excess) with sediment depth can be used to estimate an average rate of burial of 4 cm/a for the Ra-bearing contaminant. Local shallow ground waters contaminated with NaCl from produced-water have low dissolved Ra (<20 dpm/L) and also are oversaturated with barite. Barite is a highly insoluble Ra host that probably limits the environmental mobility of Ra at site B. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Zielinski, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rzielinski@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2125 EP 2137 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.014 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 230TV UT WOS:000250899700004 ER PT J AU Otton, JK Zielinski, RA Smith, BD Abbott, MM AF Otton, James K. Zielinski, Robert A. Smith, Bruce D. Abbott, Marvin M. TI Geologic controls on movement of produced-water releases at US geological survey research Site A, Skiatook lake, Osage county, Oklahoma SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer AB Highly saline produced water was released from multiple sources during oil field operations from 1913 to 1973 at the USGS research Site A on Skiatook Lake in northeastern Oklahoma. Two pits, designed to hold produced water and oil, were major sources for release of these fluids at the site. Produced water spills from these and other features moved down-slope following topography and downdip by percolating through permeable eolian sand and colluvium, underlying permeable sandstone, and, to a lesser extent, through shales and mudstones. Saline water penetrated progressively deeper units as it moved through the gently dipping bedrock to the north and NW. A large eroded salt scar north of the pits coincides with underlying fine-grained rocks that have retained substantial concentrations of salt, causing slow revegetation. Where not eroded, thick eolian sand or permeable sandstone bedrock is near the surface, and vegetation has been little affected or has reestablished itself after the introduced salt was flushed by precipitation. The extent of salt-contaminated bedrock extends well beyond existing surface salt scars. These results indicate that one of the legacies of surface salt spills can be a volume of subsurface salinization larger than the visible surface disturbance. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP Otton, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 939,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jkotton@usgs.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2138 EP 2154 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.015 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 230TV UT WOS:000250899700005 ER PT J AU Herkelrath, WN Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Abbott, MM AF Herkelrath, W. N. Kharaka, Y. K. Thordsen, J. J. Abbott, M. M. TI Hydrology and subsurface transport of oil-field brine at the US Geological Survey OSPER site "A", Osage County, Oklahoma SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer ID UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; WATER AB Spillage and improper disposal of saline produced water from oil wells has caused environmental damage at thousands of sites in the United States. In order to improve understanding of the fate and transport of contaminants at these sites, the U.S. Geological Survey carried out multidisciplinary investigations at two oil production sites near Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma. As a part of this effort, the hydrology and subsurface transport of brine at OSPER site "A", a tank battery and pit complex that was abandoned in 1973, was investigated. Based on data from 41 new boreholes that were cored and completed with monitoring wells, a large (similar to 200 m x 200 m x 20 m) plume of saline ground water was mapped. The main dissolved species are Na and Cl, with TDS in the plume ranging as high as 30,000 mg/L. Analysis of the high barometric efficiency of the wells indicated a confined aquifer response. Well-slug tests indicated the hydraulic conductivity is low (0.3-7.0 cm/day). Simplified flow and transport modeling supports the following conceptual model: (1) prior to the produced water releases, recharge was generally low (similar to 1 cm/a); (2) in similar to 60 a of oil production enough saline produced water in pits leaked into the subsurface to create the plume; (3) following abandonment of the site in 1973 and filling of Skiatook Reservoir in the mid-1980s, recharge and lateral flow of water through the plume returned to low values; (4) as a result, spreading of the brine plume caused by mixing with fresh ground water recharge, as well as natural attenuation, are very slow. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP Herkelrath, WN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM wnherkel@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2155 EP 2163 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.004 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 230TV UT WOS:000250899700006 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Kakouros, E Thordsen, JJ Ambats, G Abbott, MM AF Kharaka, Yousif K. Kakouros, Evangelos Thordsen, James J. Ambats, Gil Abbott, Marvin M. TI Fate and groundwater impacts of produced water releases at OSPER "B" site, Osage County, Oklahoma SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer AB For the last 5 a, the authors have been investigating the transport, fate, natural attenuation and ecosystem impacts of inorganic and organic compounds in releases of produced water and associated hydrocarbons at the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research (OSPER) "A" and "B" sites, located in NE Oklahoma. Approximately 1.0 ha of land at OSPER "B", located within the active Branstetter lease, is visibly affected by salt scarring, tree kills, soil salinization, and brine and petroleum contamination. Site "B" includes an active production tank battery and adjacent large brine pit, two injection well sites, one with an adjacent small pit, and an abandoned brine pit and tank battery site. Oil production in this lease started in 1938, and currently there are 10 wells that produce 0.2-0.5 m(3)/d (1-3 bbl/d) oil, and 8-16 m(3/)d (50-100 bbl/d) brine. Geochemical data from nearby oil wells show that the produced water source is a Na-Ca-Cl brine (150,000 mg/L TDS), with high Mg, but low SO4 and dissolved organic concentrations. Groundwater impacts are being investigated by detailed chemical analyses of water from repeated sampling of 41 boreholes, 1-71 m deep. The most important results at OSPER "B" are: (1) significant amounts of produced water from the two active brine pits percolate into the surficial rocks and flow towards the adjacent Skiatook reservoir, but only minor amounts of liquid petroleum leave the brine pits; (2) produced-water brine and minor dissolved organics have penetrated the thick (3-7 m) shale and siltstone units resulting in the formation of three interconnected plumes of high-salinity water (5000-30,000 mg/L TDS) that extend towards the Skiatook reservoir from the two active and one abandoned brine pits; and (3) groundwater from the deep section of only one well, BR-01 located 330 m upslope and west of the site, appear not to be impacted by petroleum operations. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2164 EP 2176 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.005 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 230TV UT WOS:000250899700007 ER PT J AU Zielinski, RA Herkelrath, WN Otton, JK AF Zielinski, Robert A. Herkelrath, William N. Otton, James K. TI Composition of pore water in lake sediments, research site "B", Osage County, Oklahoma: Implications for lake water quality and benthic organisms SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer ID GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT; SEEPAGE; DIFFUSION; OIL AB Shallow ground water at US Geological Survey research site B in northeastern Oklahoma is contaminated with NaCl-rich brine from past and present oil production operations. Contaminated ground water provides a potential source of salts, metals, and hydrocarbons to sediment and water of adjacent Skiatook Lake. A former brine storage pit 10 m in diameter that is now submerged just offshore from site B provides an additional source of contamination. Cores of the upper 16-40 cm of lake sediment were taken at the submerged brine pit, near an offshore saline seep, and at a location containing relatively uncontaminated lake sediment. Pore waters from each 2-cm interval were separated by centrifugation and analyzed for dissolved anions, cations, and trace elements. High concentrations of dissolved Cl- in pore waters (200-5000 mg/L) provide the most direct evidence of contamination, and contrast sharply with an average value of only about 37 mg/L in Skiatook Lake. Chloride/Br- mass ratios of 220-240 in contaminated pore waters are comparable to values in contaminated well waters collected onshore. Dissolved concentrations of Se, Pb, Cu and Ni in Cl--rich pore waters exceed current US Environmental Protection Agency criteria for probable toxicity to aquatic life. At the submerged brine storage pit, the increase of Cl- concentration with depth is consistent with diffusion-dominant transport from deeper contaminated sediments. Near the offshore saline seep, pore water Cl- concentrations are consistently high and vary irregularly with depth, indicating probable Cl- transport by layer-directed advective flow. Estimated annual contributions of Cl- to the lake from the brine storage pit (similar to 20 kg) and the offshore seep (similar to 9 kg) can be applied to any number of similar sources. Generous estimates of the number of such sources at site B indicate minimal impact on water quality in the local inlet of Skiatook Lake. Similar methodologies can be applied at other sites of NaCl contamination surrounding Skiatook Lake and elsewhere. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zielinski, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM rzielinski@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2177 EP 2192 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.013 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 230TV UT WOS:000250899700008 ER PT J AU Rice, CA Abbott, MM Zielinski, RA AF Rice, Cynthia A. Abbott, Marvin M. Zielinski, R. A. TI Use of dissolved chloride concentrations in tributary streams to support geospatial estimates of Cl contamination potential near Skiatook Lake, northeastern Oklahoma SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer AB Releases of NaCl-rich (>100000 mg/L) water that is co-produced from petroleum wells can adversely affect the quality of ground and surface waters. To evaluate produced water impacts on lakes, rivers and streams, an assessment of the contamination potential must be attainable using reliable and cost-effective methods. This study examines the feasibility of using geographic information system (GIS) analysis to assess the contamination potential of Cl to Skiatook Lake in the Hominy Creek drainage basin in northeastern Oklahoma. GIS-based predictions of affects of Cl within individual sub-drainages are supported by measurements of Cl concentration and discharge in 19 tributaries to Skiatook Lake. Dissolved Cl concentrations measured in October, 2004 provide a snapshot of conditions assumed to be reasonably representative of typical inputs to the lake. Chloride concentrations ranged from 5.8 to 2300 mg/L and compare to a value of 34 mg/L in the lake. At the time of sampling, Hominy Creek provided 63% of the surface water entering the lake and 80% of the Cl load. The Cl load from the other tributaries is relatively small (<600 kg/day) compared to Hominy Creek (11900 kg/day) because their discharges are relatively small (<0.44 m(3)/s) relative to Hominy Creek (3.1 m(3)/s). Examination of chemical components other than Cl in stream and lake waters indicates that many species, such as SO4, cannot be used to assess contamination potential because they participate in a number of common biogeochemical processes that alter their concentrations. GIS estimates of well density, well proximity to tributaries (wells within 200 m), and subdrainage area identified tributaries with the most potential for Cl contamination. Tributaries with large measured Cl concentrations (>150 mg/L) were generally in subdrainages with greater well density (>15 wells/km(2)), relatively large numbers of petroleum wells in close proximity (>2 proximity wells/stream km), and relatively small discharge (<0.005 m(3)/s). GIS calculations of subdrainage areas can be used to estimate the expected discharge of the tributary for each subdrainage. GIS-based assessment of Cl contamination potential at Skiatook Lake and at other lakes surrounded by oil fields can proceed even when direct measurements of Cl or discharge in tributary streams may be limited or absent. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP Rice, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM crice@usgs.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2193 EP 2206 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.016 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 230TV UT WOS:000250899700009 ER PT J AU Orem, WH Tatu, CA Lerch, HE Rice, CA Bartos, TT Bates, AL Tewalt, S Corum, MD AF Orem, William H. Tatu, Calin A. Lerch, Harry E. Rice, Cynthia A. Bartos, Timothy T. Bates, Anne L. Tewalt, Susan Corum, Margo D. TI Organic compounds in produced waters from coalbed natural gas wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; HETEROCYCLIC-COMPOUNDS; DRINKING-WATER; METHANE; PHENOL; BIODEGRADATION; CHEMISTRY; TOXICITY; SEDIMENT AB The organic composition of produced water samples from coalbed natural gas (CBNG) wells in the Powder River Basin, WY, sampled in 2001 and 2002 are reported as part of a larger study of the potential health and environmental effects of organic compounds derived from coal. The quality of CBNG produced waters is a potential environmental concern and disposal problem for CBNG producers, and no previous studies of organic compounds in CBNG produced water have been published. Organic compounds identified in the produced water samples included: phenols, biphenyls, N-, O-, and S-containing heterocyclic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines, various non-aromatic compounds, and phthalates. Many of the identified organic compounds (phenols, heterocyclic compounds, PAHs) are probably coal-derived. PAHs represented the group of organic compounds most commonly observed. Concentrations of total PAHs ranged up to 23 mu g/L. Concentrations of individual compounds ranged from about 18 to <0.01 mu g/L. Temporal variability of organic compound concentrations was documented, as two wells with relatively high organic compound contents in produced water in 2001 had much lower concentrations in 2002. In many areas, including the PRB, coal strata provide aquifers for drinking water wells. Organic compounds observed in produced water are also likely present in drinking water supplied from wells in the coal. Some of the organic compounds identified in the produced water samples are potentially toxic, but at the levels measured in these samples are unlikely to have acute health effects. The human health effects of low-level, chronic exposure to coal-derived organic compounds in drinking water are currently unknown. Continuing studies will evaluate possible toxic effects from low level, chronic exposure to coal-derived organic compounds in drinking water supplies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Med & Farm Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Cheyenne, WY USA. RP Orem, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM borem@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 9 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 2240 EP 2256 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.010 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 230TV UT WOS:000250899700012 ER PT J AU Kannan, K Agusa, T Evans, TJ Tanabe, S AF Kannan, Kurunthachalam Agusa, Tetsuro Evans, Thomas J. Tanabe, Shinsuke TI Trace element concentrations in livers of polar bears from two populations in Northern and Western Alaska SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polar bear; trace elements; metals; Arctic; mercury; Alaska; seals ID PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; HARBOR PORPOISE; HEAVY-METALS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; MARINE MAMMALS; RINGED SEALS; BEAUFORT SEA; MERCURY; GREENLAND AB Concentrations of 20 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi) were measured in livers of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) collected from Northern and Western Alaska from 1993 to 2002 to examine differences in the profiles of trace metals between the Beaufort Sea (Northern Alaska) and the Chukchi Sea (Western Alaska) subpopulations in Alaska. Among the trace elements analyzed, concentrations of Cu (50-290 mu g/g, dry wt) in polar bear livers were in the higher range of values that have been reported for marine mammals. Concentrations of Hg in polar bears varied widely, from 3.5 to 99 mu g/g dry wt, and the mean concentrations in polar bears were comparable to concentrations reported previously for several other species of marine mammals. Mean concentrations of Pb and Cd were 0.67 and 1.0 mu g/g dry wt, respectively; these concentrations were lower than levels reported elsewhere for polar bears from Greenland and Canada. Age- and gender-related variations in the concentrations of trace elements in our polar bears were minimal. Concentrations of Hg decreased slowly in samples collected during 1993-2002, whereas Cd and Pb concentrations were found to be stable or slowly increasing, in the livers of Alaskan polar bears. Concentrations of Ag, Bi, Ba, Cu, and Sn were significantly higher in the Chukchi Sea subpopulation than in the Beaufort Sea subpopulation. Concentrations of Hg were significantly higher in the Beaufort Sea subpopulation than in the Chukchi Sea subpopulation. Differences in the profiles and concentrations of Hg, Ag, Bi, Ba, Cu, and Sn suggest that the sources of exposure to these trace elements between Western and Northern Alaskan polar bears are different, in agreement with findings reported earlier for several organic contaminants. C1 SUNY Albany, New York State Dept Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Kannan, K (reprint author), SUNY Albany, New York State Dept Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Empire State Plaza, PO Box 509, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM kkannan@wadsworth.org RI Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 53 IS 3 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1007/s00244-007-0018-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 205RL UT WOS:000249132200022 PM 17571199 ER PT J AU Kim, WS Oh, MJ Nishizawa, T Park, JW Kurath, G Yoshimizu, M AF Kim, W.-S. Oh, M.-J. Nishizawa, T. Park, J.-W. Kurath, G. Yoshimizu, M. TI Genotyping of Korean isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) based on the glycoprotein gene SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; AQUACULTURE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB Glycoprotein (G) gene nucleotide sequences of four Korean isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were analyzed to evaluate their genetic relatedness to worldwide isolates. All Korean isolates were closely related to Japanese isolates of genogroup JRt rather than to those of North American and European genogroups. It is believed that Korean IHNV has been most likely introduced from Japan to Korea by the movement of contaminated fish eggs. Among the Korean isolates, phylogenetically distinct virus types were obtained from sites north and south of a large mountain range, suggesting the possibility of more than one introduction of virus from Japan. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Aqualife Med, Yosu, South Korea. Univ Ulsan, Dept Microbiol, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. USGS Biol Resource, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Nishizawa, T (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Minato Cho 3-1-1, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. EM jjnishi@fish.hokudai.ac.jp NR 19 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 152 IS 11 BP 2119 EP 2124 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-1027-9 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 224IV UT WOS:000250441600017 PM 17668275 ER PT J AU Fournier, F Karasov, WH Kenow, KP Meyer, MW AF Fournier, Francois Karasov, William H. Kenow, Kevin P. Meyer, Michael W. TI Growth and energy requirements of captive-reared common loon (Gavia immer) chicks SO AUK LA English DT Article DE allocation; Common Loon; digestion; Gavia immer; growth; metabolizable energy; production; respiration ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; MERCURY AB We measured the energy requirements during postnatal development of six hand-reared Common Loon (Gavia immer) chicks using continuous feeding trials and doubly labeled water. At fledging, the mean ( SE) body mass of chicks was 3,246 51 g. They reached asymptotic body mass in similar to 66 days and had a mean growth rate constant of 0.089 +/- 0.002 day(-1), which was greater than growth rate constants of other, similar-sized precocial birds. Between hatch and day 66, chicks allocated 16.5% of their metabolizable energy to new tissue, lower than the average for other bird species (20%), which might be expected considering their precocial mode of development. There was a developmental change in the assimilation efficiency of food (metabolizable energy coefficient), with a mean of 0.64 +/- 0.03 in chicks aged 21 days, rising to 0.83 +/- 0.07 in chicks aged 35 days. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 226, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Karasov, WH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 226, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM wkarasov@wisc.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2007 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1158 EP 1167 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1158:GAEROC]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 238KI UT WOS:000251446100004 ER PT J AU Podolsky, AL Simons, TR Collazo, JA AF Podolsky, Andrei L. Simons, Theodore R. Collazo, Jaime A. TI Modeling population growth of the ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) in the southern appalachians SO AUK LA English DT Article DE annual fecundity; annual survival; double-brooding; Ovenbird; population growth models; renesting; Seiurus aurocapilla ID WARBLERS DENDROICA-CAERULESCENS; HABITAT-SPECIFIC DEMOGRAPHY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NEST PREDATION; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; ANNUAL SURVIVAL; MAYFIELD METHOD; MIGRATORY SONGBIRDS; BROOD PARASITISM; FOREST AB Studies of source-sink dynamics are often prompted by concerns about negative population trends. Estimates of population trajectories are usually based on assumptions about survival rates and empirical measures of fecundity. Most models ignore the influence of the rates of renesting and multiple brooding. We used the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) as a model Neotropical migratory songbird species to investigate the relative effects of annual female survival and components of annual fecundity on population growth rates. We applied productivity data from a three-year field study and data from Hann (1937) to several models of annual fecundity to examine the sensitivity of lambda to variations in annual female survival and the likelihood of renesting and double-brooding. Our simulations illustrate the importance of incorporating estimates of annual survival and rates of additional breeding attempts in songbird population models because population growth rates are quite sensitive to variations in these parameters. Lambda is especially sensitive to survival estimates and changes with them at the same order of magnitude. Whenever feasible, female survival and probabilities of additional breeding attempts should be estimated by direct methods. The indirect methods used in our study (annual female survival estimated from the age ratio of breeding females, and rates of renesting and double-brooding determined from the timing of reproduction) probably underestimated these parameters. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Simons, TR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tsimons@ncsu.edu NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2007 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1359 EP 1372 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1359:MPGOTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 238KI UT WOS:000251446100020 ER PT J AU Rice, SM Collazo, JA Alldredge, MW Harrington, BA Lewis, AR AF Rice, Susan M. Collazo, Jaime A. Alldredge, Mathew W. Harrington, Brian A. Lewis, Allen R. TI Local annual survival and seasonal residency rates of semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in Puerto Rico SO AUK LA English DT Article DE apparent survival; Calidris pusilla; Caribbean; mark-recapture; migration; Semipalmated Sandpiper; stopover; winter distribution ID WESTERN SANDPIPERS; ANNUAL CYCLE; MIGRATION; SHOREBIRDS; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; STOPOVER; MAURI; BAY AB We report seasonal residency and local annual survival rates of migratory Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) at the Cabo Rojo salt flats, Puerto Rico. Residency rate (daily probability of remaining on the flats) was 0.991 +/- 0.001 ((x) over bar +/- SE), yielding a mean length of stay of 110 days. This finding supports the inclusion of the Caribbean as part of the species' winter range. Average estimated percentage of fat was low but increased throughout the season, which suggests that birds replenish some spent fat reserves and strive for energetic maintenance. Local annual survival rate was 0.62 +/- 0.04, within the range of values reported for breeding populations at Manitoba and Alaska (0.53-0.76). The similarity was not unexpected because estimates were obtained annually but at opposite sites of their annual migratory movements. Birds captured at the salt flats appeared to be a mix of birds from various parts of the breeding range, judging from morphology (culmen's coefficient of variation = 9.1, n = 106). This suggested that origin (breeding area) of birds and their proportion in the data should be ascertained and accounted for in analyses to glean the full conservation implications of winter-based annual survival estimates. Those data are needed to unravel the possibility that individuals of distinct populations are affected by differential mortality factors across different migratory routes. Mean length of stay strongly suggested that habitat quality at the salt flats was high. Rainfall and tidal flow combine to increase food availability during fall. The salt flats dry up gradually toward late January, at the onset of the dry season. Semipalmated Sandpipers may move west to other Greater Antilles or south to sites such as coastal Surinam until the onset of spring migration. They are not an oversummering species at the salt flats. Conservation efforts in the Caribbean region require understanding the dynamics of this species throughout winter to protect essential habitat. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Shore Virginia Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cape Charles, VA 23310 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jaime_collazo@ncsu.edu NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2007 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1397 EP 1406 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1397:LASASR]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 238KI UT WOS:000251446100023 ER PT J AU Dellinger, RL Wood, PB Keyser, PD Seidel, G AF Dellinger, Rachel L. Wood, Petra Bohall Keyser, Patrick D. Seidel, George TI Habitat partitioning of four sympatric thrush species at three spatial scales on a managed forest in West Virginia SO AUK LA English DT Article DE American robin; Catharus fuscescens; C. guttatus; habitat partitioning; hermit thrush; Hylocichla mustelina; Turdus migratorius; veery; wood thrush ID NEST PREDATION; BREEDING BIRDS; HERMIT THRUSH; REGRESSION; SELECTION; SUCCESS; SITE; CLASSIFICATION; SONGBIRD; TEMPERATURE AB Four thrush species are sympatric in the central Appalachians: Veery (Catharus fuscescens), Hermit Thrush (C. guttatus), Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), and American Robin (Turdus migratorius). The four species often nest near one another, which suggests that habitat partitioning may have developed to minimize past interspecific competition. Our objectives were to determine which specific characteristics of nesting habitat were partitioned among the species and to evaluate the relationship of these characteristics to nest survival. We monitored nests and sampled habitat variables at three spatial scales: nest substrate, nest site, and territory. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated a difference (P < 0.01) in the nest sites of all species and in each pairwise species contrast. An analysis of variance and Fisher's exact tests detected differences (P < 0.05) among species in 21 of 36 variables measured. Classification tree analysis correctly classified nests by species at a rate better than would be expected at random. Habitat partitioning among the four thrush species occurred at all three scales sampled, with the most important partitioning variables being nest height, distance-to-edge, sapling density, and elevation. Mayfield logistic regression found a positive relationship (P < 0.05) between decreasing nest height and American Robin nest survival. Overall, nest survival was similar among the four thrush species examined, and most of the variables that we measured were unrelated to survival. C1 W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dellinger, RL (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM dellingers@gmail.com RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2007 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1425 EP 1438 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1425:HPOFST]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 238KI UT WOS:000251446100025 ER PT J AU Buehler, DA Roth, AM Vallender, R Will, TC Confer, JL Canterbury, RA Swarthout, SB Rosenberg, KV Bulluck, LP AF Buehler, David A. Roth, Amber M. Vallender, Rachel Will, Tom C. Confer, John L. Canterbury, Ronald A. Swarthout, Sara Barker Rosenberg, Kenneth V. Bulluck, Lesley P. TI Status and conservation priorities of Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) in North America SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEST SUCCESS; INTROGRESSION; PINUS C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Cornell Lab Ornithol, Evolutionary Biol Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg 3, Nongame Migratory Bird Off, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Cornell Lab Ornithol, Conservat Sci Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Buehler, DA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dbuehler@utk.edu NR 20 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2007 VL 124 IS 4 BP 1439 EP 1445 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1439:SACPOG]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 238KI UT WOS:000251446100026 ER PT J AU Sutton, JR Stohlgren, TJ Beck, KG AF Sutton, Jason R. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Beck, K. George TI Predicting yellow toadflax infestations in the flat tops wilderness of colorado SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE early detection; habitat vulnerability; invasive species; predictive modeling; rapid assessment ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANT DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; INVASION; BIODIVERSITY; LIKELIHOOD; GRASSLAND; PATTERNS; WEEDS AB Understanding species-environment relationships is important to predict the spread of non-native species. Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris Mill.) is an invasive perennial recently found in the Flat Tops Wilderness of the White River National Forest on the western slope of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. We hypothesized yellow toadflax occurrence could be predicted from easily measured site characteristics. We used logistic regression with stepwise selection to generate a model to predict yellow toadflax occurrence on a particular plot based on that site's physical characteristics. The experimental design was a paired-plot study in two locations using circular 1,018-m(2) plots. Sixty-eight plots that did not contain yellow toadflax and 65 plots that contained yellow toadflax were sampled at the Ripple Creek site in 1999. In 2000, 54 non-toadflax plots and 55 toadflax-containing plots were sampled in the Marvine Creek site. Site characteristics sampled included: vegetation type; under-canopy light level; slope; aspect; soil properties; presence of disturbance, trails, and/or water; and total species richness. A model that correctly classified > 90% of the 242 plots sampled included two vegetation type parameters, the presence of trails, and total species richness. Yellow toadflax is most often found in areas that were open-canopy sites, along trails, and with higher species diversity plots (> 23 species). This approach can be used for other species in other areas to rapidly identify areas vulnerable to invasion. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr St,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tom_stohlgren@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 7 BP 783 EP 793 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9075-8 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210FZ UT WOS:000249443400004 ER PT J AU Wald, DJ Allen, TI AF Wald, David J. Allen, Trevor I. TI Topographic slope as a proxy for seismic site conditions and amplification SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BASIN; CLASSIFICATION; TRANSECT; GEOLOGY; MAP AB We describe a technique to derive first-order site-condition maps directly from topographic data. For calibration, we use global 30 arc sec topographic data and V-S(30) measurements (here V-S(30) refers to the average shear-velocity down to 30 m) aggregated from several studies in the United States, as well as in Taiwan, Italy, and Australia. V-S(30) values are correlated against topographic slope to develop two sets of parameters for deriving V-S(30) : one for active tectonic regions where topographic relief is high, and one for stable shields where topography is more subdued. By taking the gradient of the topography and choosing ranges of slope that maximize the correlation with shallow shear-velocity observations, we can recover, to first order, many of the spatially varying features of site-condition maps developed for California. Our site-condition map for the low-relief Mississippi Embayment also predicts the bulk of the V-S(30) observations in that region despite rather low slope ranges. We find that maps derived from the slope of the topography are often well correlated with other independently derived, regional-scale site-condition maps, but the latter maps vary in quality and continuity, and subsequently, also in their ability to match observed V-S(30) measurements contained therein. Alternatively, the slope-based method provides a simple approach to uniform site-condition mapping. After validating this approach in regions with numerous V-S(30) observations, we subsequently estimate and map site conditions for the entire continental United States using the respective slope correlations. C1 US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wald, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wald@usgs.gov; tallen@usgs.gov OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 32 TC 166 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1395 DI 10.1785/0120060267 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 217EJ UT WOS:000249930900001 ER PT J AU Snelson, CM Brocher, TM Miller, KC Pratt, TL Trehu, AM AF Snelson, Catherine M. Brocher, Thomas M. Miller, Kate C. Pratt, Thomas L. Trehu, Anne M. TI Seismic amplification within the Seattle basin, Washington state: Insights from SHIPS seismic tomography experiments SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PUGET-SOUND REGION; OLYMPIC SUBDUCTION COMPLEX; TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; WESTERN WASHINGTON; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SITE RESPONSE; FAULT ZONE; DENALI EARTHQUAKE; REFRACTION DATA AB Recent observations indicate that the Seattle sedimentary basin, underlying Seattle and other urban centers in the Puget Lowland, Washington, amplifies Iong-period (1-5 sec) weak ground motions by factors of 10 or more. We computed east-trending P- and S-wave velocity models across the Seattle basin from Seismic Hazard Investigations of Puget Sound (SHIPS) experiments to better characterize the seismic hazard the basin poses. The 3D tomographic models, which resolve features to a depth of 10 km, for the first time define the P- and S-wave velocity structure of the eastern end of the basin. The basin, which contains sedimentary rocks of Eocene to Holocene, is broadly symmetric in east-west section and reaches a maximum thickness of 6 km along our profile beneath north Seattle. A comparison of our velocity model with coincident amplification curves for weak ground motions produced by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake suggests that the distribution of Quaternary deposits and reduced velocity gradients in the upper part of the basement east of Seattle have significance in forecasting variations in seismic-wave amplification across the basin. Specifically, eastward increases in the amplification of 0.2- to 5-Hz energy correlate with locally thicker unconsolidated deposits and a change from Crescent Formation basement to pre-Tertiary Cascadia basement. These models define the extent of the Seattle basin, the Seattle fault, and the geometry of the basement contact, giving insight into the tectonic evolution of the Seattle basin and its influence on ground shaking. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Snelson, CM (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI Miller, Kate/E-6800-2012; OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1432 EP 1448 DI 10.1785/0120050204 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 217EJ UT WOS:000249930900005 ER PT J AU McPhee, DK Langenheim, VE Hartzell, S McLaughlin, RJ Aagaard, BT Jachens, RC McCabe, C AF McPhee, D. K. Langenheim, V. E. Hartzell, S. McLaughlin, R. J. Aagaard, B. T. Jachens, R. C. McCabe, C. TI Basin structure beneath the Santa Rosa plain, northern California: implications for damage caused by the 1969 Santa Rosa and 1906 San Francisco earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLANE SH WAVES; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; SURFACE MOTION; GROUND-MOTION; CLARA VALLEY; PROPAGATION; VELOCITY AB Regional gravity data in the northern San Francisco Bay region reflect a complex basin configuration beneath the Santa Rosa plain that likely contributed to the significant damage to the city of Santa Rosa caused by the 1969 M 5.6, 5.7 Santa Rosa earthquakes and the 1906 M 7.9 San Francisco earthquake. Inversion of these data indicates that the Santa Rosa plain is underlain by two sedimentary basins about 2 km deep separated by the Trenton Ridge, a shallow west-northwest-striking bedrock ridge west of Santa Rosa. The city of Santa Rosa is situated above the 2-m-wide protruding northeast corner of the southern basin where damage from both the 1969 and 1906 earthquakes was concentrated. Ground-motion simulations of the 1969 and 1906 earthquakes, two events with opposing azimuths, using the gravity-defined basin surface, show enhanced ground motions along the northeastern edge of this corner, suggesting that basin-edge effects contributed to the concentration of shaking damage in this area in the past and may also contribute to strong shaking during future earthquakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McPhee, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmcphee@usgs.gov OI Aagaard, Brad/0000-0002-8795-9833 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1449 EP 1457 DI 10.1785/0120060269 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 217EJ UT WOS:000249930900006 ER PT J AU McGarr, A Fletcher, JB AF McGarr, A. Fletcher, J. B. TI Near-fault peak ground velocity from earthquake and laboratory data SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG-MOTION DATA; STICK-SLIP; TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION; APPARENT STRESS; JOINT INVERSION; GEODETIC DATA; CHI-CHI; CALIFORNIA; FRICTION; SPECTRA AB We test the hypothesis that peak ground velocity (PGV) has an upper bound independent of earthquake magnitude and that this bound is controlled primarily by the strength of the seismogenic crust. The highest PGVs, ranging up to several meters per second, have been measured at sites within a few kilometers of the causative faults. Because the database for near-fault PGV is small, we use earthquake slip models, laboratory experiments, and evidence from a mining-induced earthquake to investigate the factors influencing near-fault PGV and the nature of its scaling. For each earthquake slip model we have calculated the peak slip rates for all subfaults and then chosen the maximum of these rates as an estimate of twice the largest near-fault PGV. Nine slip models for eight earthquakes, with magnitudes ranging from 6.5 to 7.6, yielded maximum peak slip rates ranging from 2.3 to 12 m/sec with a median of 5.9 m/sec. By making several adjustments, PGVs for small earthquakes can be simulated from peak slip rates measured during laboratory stick-slip experiments. First, we adjust the PGV for differences in the state of stress (i.e., the difference between the laboratory loading stresses and those appropriate for faults at seismogenic depths). To do this, we multiply both the slip and the peak slip rate by the ratio of the effective normal stresses acting on fault planes measured at 6.8 km depth at the KTB site, Germany (deepest available in situ stress measurements), to those acting on the laboratory faults. We also adjust the seismic moment by replacing the laboratory fault with a buried circular shear crack whose radius is chosen to match the experimental unloading stiffness. An additional, less important adjustment is needed for experiments run in triaxial loading conditions. With these adjustments, peak slip rates for 10 stick-slip events, with scaled moment magnitudes from -2.9 to 1.0, range from 3.3 to 10.3 m/sec, with a median of 5.4 m/sec. Both the earthquake and laboratory results are consistent with typical maximum peak slip rates averaging between 5 and 6 m/sec or corresponding maximum near-fault PGVs between 2.5 and 3 m/sec at seismogenic depths, independent of magnitude. Our ability to replicate maximum slip rates in the fault zones of earthquakes by adjusting the corresponding laboratory rates using the ratio of effective normal stresses acting on the fault planes suggests that the strength of the seismogenic crust is the important factor limiting C the near-fault PGV. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1502 EP 1510 DI 10.1785/0120060268 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 217EJ UT WOS:000249930900010 ER PT J AU Watson-Lamprey, JA Boore, DA AF Watson-Lamprey, Jennie A. Boore, David A. TI Beyond Sa(GMRotI): Conversion to Sa(Arb), Sa(SN), and Sa(MaxRot) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE GROUND-MOTION; ACCELERATION; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE AB In the seismic design of structures, estimates of design forces are usually provided to the engineer in the form of elastic response spectra. Predictive equations for elastic response spectra are derived from empirical recordings of ground motion. The geometric mean of the two orthogonal horizontal components of motion is often used as the response value in these predictive equations, although it is not necessarily the most relevant estimate of forces within the structure. For some applications it is desirable to estimate the response value on a randomly chosen single component of ground motion, and in other applications the maximum response in a single direction is required. We give adjustment factors that allow converting the predictions of geometric-mean ground-motion predictions into either of these other two measures of seismic ground-motion intensity. In addition, we investigate the relation of the strike-normal component of ground motion to the maximum response values. We show that the strike-normal component of ground motion seldom corresponds to the maximum horizontal-component response value (in particular, at distances greater than about 3 km from faults), and that focusing on this case in exclusion of others can result in the underestimation of the maximum component. This research provides estimates of the maximum response value of a single component for all cases, not just near-fault strike-normal components. We provide modification factors that can be used to convert predictions of ground motions in terms of the geometric mean to the maximum spectral acceleration (Sa(MaxRot)) and the random component of spectral acceleration (Sa(Arb)). Included are modification factors for both the mean and the aleatory standard deviation of the logarithm of the motions. C1 Watson Lamprey Consult, Oakland, CA 94608 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Watson-Lamprey, JA (reprint author), Watson Lamprey Consult, 1212 32nd St, Oakland, CA 94608 USA. EM Jennie.WatsonLamprey@gmail.com; boore@usgs.gov NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1511 EP 1524 DI 10.1785/0120070007 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 217EJ UT WOS:000249930900011 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Yu, SB AF Savage, J. C. Yu, S.-B. TI Postearthquake relaxation and aftershock accumulation linearly related after the 2003 M 6.5 Chengkung, Taiwan, and the 2004 m 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; 1999 CHI-CHI; POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION; HECTOR MINE; AFTERSLIP AB We treat both the number of earthquakes and the deformation following a mainshock as the superposition of a steady background accumulation and the post-earthquake process. The preseismic displacement and seismicity rates r(u) and r(E) are used as estimates of the background rates. Let t be the time after the mainshock, u(t) + u(0) the postseismic displacement less the background accumulation r(u)t, and AN(t) the observed cumulative number of postseismic earthquakes less the background accumulation r(E)t. For the first 160 days (duration limited by the occurrence of another nearby earthquake) following the Chengkung (M 6.5, 10 December 2003, eastern Taiwan) and the first 560 days following the Parkfield (M 6.0, 28 September 2004, central California) earthquakes u(t) + u(0) is a linear function of AN(t). The aftershock accumulation AN(t) for both earthquakes is described by the modified Omori Law d Delta N/dt proportional to (I + t/tau)(-p) with p = 0.96 and tau = 0.03 days. Although the Chengkung earthquake involved sinistral, reverse slip on a moderately dipping fault and the Parkfield earthquake right-lateral slip on a near-vertical fault, the earthquakes share an unusual feature: both occurred on faults exhibiting interseismic fault creep at the surface. The source of the observed postselsmic deformation appears to be afterslip on the coseismic rupture. The linear relation between u(t) + u(0) and N(t) suggests that this afterslip also generates the aftershocks. The linear relation between u(t) + u(0) and AN(t) obtains after neither the 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine (southern California) nor the 1999 M 7.6 Chi-Chi (central Taiwan) earthquakes, neither of which occurred on fault segments exhibiting fault creep. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1632 EP 1645 DI 10.1785/0120070069 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 217EJ UT WOS:000249930900019 ER PT J AU Personius, SF Crone, AJ Machette, MN Mahan, SA Kyung, JB Cisneros, H Lidke, DJ AF Personius, Stephen F. Crone, Anthony J. Machette, Michael N. Mahan, Shannon A. Kyung, Jai Bok Cisneros, Hector Lidke, David J. TI Late quaternary paleoseismology of the southern Steens fault zone, northern Nevada SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RANGE PROVINCE; GREAT-BASIN; NORTHWESTERN NEVADA; LAHONTAN BASIN; UNITED-STATES; LAKE; DEFORMATION; OREGON; RATES; SLIP AB The 192-km-long Steens fault zone is the most prominent normal fault system in the northern Basin and Range province of western North America. We use trench mapping and radiometric dating to estimate displacements and timing of the last three surface-rupturing earthquakes (E1-E3) on the southern part of the fault south of Denio, Nevada. Coseismic displacements range from 1.1 to 2.2 +/- 0.5 m, and radiometric ages indicate earthquake times of 11.5 +/- 2.0 ka (E3), 6.1 +/- 0.5 ka (E2), and 4.6 +/- 1.0 ka (E1). These data yield recurrence intervals of 5.4 +/- 2.1 k.y. between E3 and E2, 1.5 +/- 1.1 k.y. between E2 and E1, and an elapsed time of 4.6 +/- 1.0 k.y. since El. The recurrence data yield variable interval slip rates (between 0.2 +/- 0.22 and 1.5 +/- 2.3 mm/yr), but slip rates averaged over the past similar to 18 k.y. (0.24 +/- 0.06 mm/year) are similar to long-term (8.5-12.5 Ma) slip rates (0.2 +/- 0.1 mm/yr) measured a few kilometers to the north. We infer from the lack of significant topographic relief across the fault in Bog Hot Valley that the fault zone is propagating southward and may now be connected with a fault at the northwestern end of the Pine Forest Range. Displacements documented in the trench and a rupture length of 37 km indicate a history of three latest Quaternary earthquakes with magnitudes of M 6.6-7.1 on the southern part of the Steens fault zone. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Korea Natl Univ Educ, Chongwon Gun 363, South Korea. Univ Nacl San Luis, San Luis, Argentina. RP Personius, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM personius@usgs.gov OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1662 EP 1678 DI 10.1785/0120060202 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 217EJ UT WOS:000249930900021 ER PT J AU Pojeta, J Stott, CA AF Pojeta, John, Jr. Stott, Christopher A. TI Nucularcidae: a new family of palaeotaxodont Ordovician pelecypods (Mollusca) from North America and Australia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BIVALVES; DIVERSIFICATION; STRATIGRAPHY; ARENIG; WALES; AREA AB The new Ordovician palaeotaxodont family Nucularcidae and the new genus Nicularca are described. Included in Nucularca are four previously described species that have taxodont dentition: N. cingulata (Ulrich) (the type species), N. pectunculoides (Hall), N. lorrainensis (Foerste), and N. gorensis (Foerste). All four species are of Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian; Katian) age and occur in eastern Canada and the northeastern USA. Ctenodonta borealis Foerste is regarded as a subjective synonym of Nucularca lorrainensis. No new species names are proposed. The Nucularcidae includes the genera Nucularca and Sthenodonta Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson (1977). Sthenodonta occurs in central Australia in rocks of Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) age. The 12 family group names previously proposed for Ordovician palaeotaxodonts having taxodont dentition are reviewed and evaluated in the Appendix. C1 [Pojeta, John, Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Stott, Christopher A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Stott, CA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM castott@uwo.ca NR 95 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1479 EP 1501 DI 10.1139/E07-028 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 240HT UT WOS:000251579400007 ER PT J AU Vatland, S Budy, P AF Vatland, Shane Budy, Phaedra TI Predicting the invasion success of an introduced omnivore in a large, heterogeneous reservoir SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AGE-0 GIZZARD SHAD; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; STRIPED BASS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; FISH INVASIONS; CALIFORNIA WATERSHEDS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; THREADFIN SHAD; FLORIDA LAKES AB We demonstrate that invasion success, through the introduction and establishment stages, can generally be predicted based on biological characteristics of the organisms and physical aspects of the environment; however, predicting subsequent effects during integration is more challenging, especially for omnivorous fish species in large, heterogeneous systems. When gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were incidentally introduced into Lake Powell, Utah-Arizona (2000), we predicted they would be Successful invaders and would have food-web effects ranging from neutral to negative. As predicted, gizzard shad Successfully established and dispersed throughout this large reservoir (300 km) within just 4 years, and their density was positively correlated with productivity. Also as predicted, gizzard shad exhibited fast growth rates, and striped bass (Morone saxatilis) predators were thus gape-limited, obtaining little gizzard shad forage. Contrary to our predictions, however, competition over zooplankton resources between gizzard shad and both threadfin shad (Dorosonia petenense) and juvenile striped bass appeared limited because of spatial segregation and diet preference. In sum, gizzard shad will continue to be successful invaders, but with limited effects on the established predator-prey cycle. C1 Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Budy, P (reprint author), Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Ecol, 301 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM phaedra.budy@usu.edu RI Budy, Phaedra/B-2415-2012 NR 88 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1329 EP 1345 DI 10.1139/F07-100 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 232ML UT WOS:000251023700004 ER PT J AU Yada, T Azuma, T Hyodo, S Hirano, T Grau, EG Schreck, CB AF Yada, Takashi Azuma, Teruo Hyodo, Susumu Hirano, Tetsuya Grau, E. Gordon Schreck, Carl B. TI Differential expression of corticosteroid receptor genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system in response to acute stress SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTORS; COHO SALMON; IN-VITRO; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; BINDING DOMAIN; GROWTH-HORMONE; TELEOST FISH; CORTISOL; LEUKOCYTES; KISUTCH AB Expression of distinct corticosteroid receptor genes, glucocorticoid receptors I and 2 (GR-1 and GR-2, respectively) and mineralcorticoid receptor (MR), was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL), spleen, and gill of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after an acute netting stress. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly increased 2 h after stress and returned to prestress levels within 24 h. Consistent with changes in plasma cortisol, GR-2 mRNA levels in PBL increased significantly at 2 h after stress, returning to initial levels by 8 h. In contrast, GR-l and MR levels in PBL decreased significantly at 24 h after stress, and these reduced levels were maintained for 7 days. Splenic mRNA levels of GR-l and GR-2 also decreased at 8 h and 24 h after stress, returning to control levels by 7 days, whereas no significant change was observed in MR. In gill, there was no obvious change in corticosteroid receptor mRNA levels after stress, except for a transient decrease at 8 h in MR. These results suggest a variety of roles for the three corticosteroid receptors during immunosuppression in response to acute stress in trout. C1 Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Div, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yada, T (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Freshwater Fisheries Res Div, 2482-3 Chugushi, Tochigi 3211661, Japan. EM yadat@fra.affrc.go.jp NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1382 EP 1389 DI 10.1139/F07-110 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 232ML UT WOS:000251023700008 ER PT J AU Haeseker, SL Jones, ML Peterman, RM Bence, JR Dai, WJ Christie, GC AF Haeseker, Steven L. Jones, Michael L. Peterman, Randall M. Bence, James R. Dai, Wenjing Christie, Gavin C. TI Explicit consideration off uncertainty in Great Lakes fisheries management: decision analysis of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the St. Marys River SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; EVALUATE RECOVERY ACTIONS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; RISK; RECRUITMENT; STRATEGIES; RELEASE; PROGRAM; HISTORY; HURON AB We used decision analysis to assist the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) with sea larnprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the St. Marys River, which connects Lake Superior to Lake Huron and until recently has been a major source of sea lamprey infestation of Lake Huron. The process involved decision-makers, managers, and experts in an analysis of management options, objectives, and critical uncertainties affecting the expected performance of alternative choices. We developed quantitative assessments of uncertainty about sea lamprey demographics and about the implementation effectiveness of three pest control options: trapping adult lampreys, sterile male releases, and lampricide treatment. We used a stochastic simulation model to forecast future parasitic sea lamprey abundance in Lake Huron for 10 management options. Management options that included enhanced levels of trapping and sterile male releases exhibited the best performance for all measures. Our analysis substantially influenced the GLFC strategy for the St. Marys River, providing an example of how explicit consideration of uncertainty using decision analysis can influence fishery management decisions. C1 Integrated Healthcare Solut, Charlotte, NC 28277 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Managment, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Jones, ML (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fishery Program Off, 1211 SE Cardinal Court,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. EM jonesm30@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1456 EP 1468 DI 10.1139/F07-114 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 232ML UT WOS:000251023700014 ER PT J AU Karouna-Renier, NK Rao, KR Lanza, JJ Davis, DA Wilson, PA AF Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Rao, K. Ranga Lanza, John J. Davis, Deeya A. Wilson, Patricia A. TI Serum profiles of PCDDs and PCDFs, in individuals near the escambia wood treating company superfund site in pensacola, FL SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE pentachlorophenol (PCP); polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD); polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF); serum; wood treatment ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TREATMENT-PLANT; EXPOSURE; RESIDENTS AB The Escambia Wood Treating Company (ETC) Superfund site, Pensacola, FL, is contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), benzo(a)pyrene, lead and arsenic from pentachlorophenol (PCP), creosote, and other compounds used to treat utility poles and foundation pilings. Although ETC's operations ceased in 1982, soils in the areas surrounding the facility continue to exhibit elevated levels of contaminants attributable to ETC operations. In July 2000, individuals who may have been affected by contamination from the ETC site, including current and former residents and former workers and their household members were invited to participate in a study, which included a health and exposure history and routine blood analysis. We also conducted a toxicological health evaluation of a subset of these eligible workers/resi dents by analyzing serum levels of 17 PCDD/F congeners. Members of the ETC cohort exhibited elevated serum PCDD/F relative to the general population, and congener profiles in members of the cohort reflected patterns commonly observed in persons exposed to PCP. Hypertension prevalence in the cohort was found to correlate with PCDD/F levels, although no other significant relationships were identified with monitored health indices. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. Florida Dept Hlth Escambia Cty Hlth Dept, Pensacola, FL 32501 USA. RP Karouna-Renier, NK (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab BARC, East Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nkarouna@usgs.gov OI Karouna-Renier, Natalie/0000-0001-7127-033X FU PHS HHS [R04/CCR421909] NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 8 BP 1312 EP 1319 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.028 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 224DO UT WOS:000250426500017 PM 17614120 ER PT J AU Menza, C Kendall, M Rogers, C Miller, J AF Menza, C. Kendall, M. Rogers, C. Miller, J. TI A deep reef in deep trouble SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; deep water; mortality; unmanned vehicles; Caribbean ID US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEFS; WATER; PATTERNS; BAHAMAS; STRESS AB The well-documented degradation of shallower reefs which are often closer to land and more vulnerable to pollution, sewage and other human-related stressors has led to the suggestion that deeper, more remote offshore reefs could possibly serve as sources of coral and fish larvae to replenish the shallower reefs. Yet, the distribution, status, and ecological roles of deep (> 30 in) Caribbean reefs are not well known. In this report, an observation of a deep reef which has undergone a recent extensive loss of coral cover is presented. In stark contrast to the typical pattern of coral loss in shallow reefs, the deeper corals were most affected. This report is the first description of such a pattern of coral loss on a deep reef. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coatal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US Geol Survey, Caribbean Field Stn, St John, VI 00830 USA. S Florida Caribbean Network Inventory & Monitorin, Natl Pk Serv, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Menza, C (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coatal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Program, 1305 E-W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM charles.menza@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 17 BP 2224 EP 2230 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.05.017 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 224CX UT WOS:000250424500004 ER PT J AU Busing, RT Solomon, AM McKane, RB Burdick, CA AF Busing, Richard T. Solomon, Allen M. McKane, Robert B. Burdick, Connie A. TI Forest dynamics in oregon landscapes: Evaluation and application of an individual-based model SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate change; fire; forest composition; natural disturbance; Pacific Northwest; simulation; vegetation; watershed ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; GAP MODELS; STAND DEVELOPMENT; VEGETATION; GROWTH; GRADIENTS; TEMPERATURE; SUCCESSION; BIOMASS AB The FORCLIM model of forest dynamics was tested against field survey data for its ability to simulate basal area and composition of old forests across broad climatic gradients in western Oregon, USA. The model was also tested for its ability to capture successional trends in ecoregions of the west Cascade Range. It was then applied to simulate present and future (1990-2050) forest landscape dynamics of a watershed in the west Cascades. Various regimes of climate change and harvesting in the watershed were considered in the landscape application. The model was able to capture much of the variation ill forest basal area and composition in western Oregon even though temperature and precipitation were the only inputs that were varied among simulated sites. The measured decline in total basal area from tall coastal forests eastward to interior steppe was matched by simulations. Changes in simulated forest dominants also approximated those in the actual data. Simulated abundances of a few minor species did not match actual abundances, however. Subsequent projections of climate change and harvest effects in a west Cascades landscape indicated no change in forest dominance as of 2050. Yet, climate-driven shifts in the distributions of some species were projected. The simulation of both stand-replacing and partial-stand disturbances across western Oregon improved agreement between simulated and actual data. Simulations with fire as an agent of partial disturbance suggested that frequent fires of low severity can alter forest composition and structure as much or more than severe fires at historic frequencies. C1 US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Busing, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM rtbusing@aol.com NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1967 EP 1981 DI 10.1890/06-1838.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220FL UT WOS:000250142500010 PM 17974335 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL AF van Mantgem, Phillip J. Stephenson, Nathan L. TI Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate change; drought; forest demography; temperate forests; tree mortality ID SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL-CHANGE; FIRE HISTORY; CALIFORNIA; DROUGHT; POPULATIONS; TOLERANCE; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB We provide a first detailed analysis of long-term, annual-resolution demographic trends in a temperate forest. After tracking the fates of 21 338 trees in a network of old-growth forest plots in the Sierra Nevada of California, we found that mortality rate, but not the recruitment rate, increased significantly over the 22 years of measurement (1983-2004). Mortality rates increased in both of two dominant taxonomic groups (Abies and Pinus) and in different forest types (different elevational zones). The increase in overall mortality rate resulted from an increase in tree deaths attributed to stress and biotic causes, and coincided with a temperature-driven increase in an index of drought. Our findings suggest that these forests (and by implication, other water-limited forests) may be sensitive to temperature-driven drought stress, and may be poised for die-back if future climates continue to feature rising temperatures without compensating increases in precipitation. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway 4, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM pvanmantgem@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 11 U2 102 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 10 IS 10 BP 909 EP 916 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01080.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207UF UT WOS:000249275900007 PM 17845291 ER PT J AU Brantley, SL Goldhaber, MB Ragnarsdottir, KV AF Brantley, Susan L. Goldhaber, Martin B. Ragnarsdottir, K. Vala TI Crossing disciplines and scales to understand the Critical Zone SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE weathering; soils; Critical Zone; regolith ID LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; SILICATE MINERALS; WEATHERING RATES; GLOBAL PATTERNS; SOIL-EROSION; PUERTO-RICO; CARBON; HUMANS; DENUDATION; SEDIMENT AB The Critical Zone (CZ) is the system of coupled chemical, biological, physical, and geological processes operating together to support life at the Earth's surface. While our understanding of this zone has increased over the last hundred years, further advance requires scientists to cross disciplines and scales to integrate understanding of processes in the CZ, ranging in scale from the mineral-water interface to the globe. Despite the extreme heterogeneities manifest in the CZ, patterns are observed at all scales. Explanations require the use of new computational and analytical tools, inventive interdisciplinary approaches, and growing networks of sites and people. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USGS Crustal TEam, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. RP Brantley, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM brantley@essc.psu.edu; mgold@usgs.gov; Vala.Ragnarsdottir@bristol.ac.uk RI Ragnarsdottir, Kristin Vala/L-5369-2016 OI Ragnarsdottir, Kristin Vala/0000-0001-6958-0734 NR 52 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 21 U2 150 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 5 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.2113/gselements.3.5.307 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 230EU UT WOS:000250859800002 ER PT J AU Anderson, SP von Blanckenburg, F White, AF AF Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm White, Arthur F. TI Physical and chemical controls on the Critical Zone SO ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE Critical Zone; weathering; erosion; soil; regolith; denudation ID WEATHERING RATES; LONG-TERM; CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE; RIVERS; GEOCHEMISTRY; DENUDATION; CATCHMENT; MOUNTAINS; PROFILES AB Geochemists have long recognized a correlation between rates of physical denudation and chemical weathering. What underlies this correlation? the Critical Zone can be considered as a feed-through reactor. Downward advance of the weathering front brings unweathered rock into the reactor. Fluids are supplied through precipitation. The reactor is stirred at the top by biological and physical process. The balance between advance of the weathering front by mechanical and chemical processes and mass loss by denudation fixes the thickness of the Critical Zone reactor. The internal structure of this reactor is controlled by physical processes that creat surface area, determine flow paths, and set the residence time of material in the Critical Zone. All of these impact chemical weathering flux. C1 Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Anderson, SP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM suzanne.anderson@colorado.edu RI Anderson, Suzanne/F-4039-2014; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm/K-4711-2013 OI Anderson, Suzanne/0000-0002-6796-6649; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm/0000-0002-2964-717X NR 33 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 7 U2 55 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1811-5209 J9 ELEMENTS JI Elements PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 5 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.2113/gselements.3.5.315 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 230EU UT WOS:000250859800003 ER PT J AU Weigel, BM Robertson, DM AF Weigel, Brian M. Robertson, Dale M. TI Identifying biotic integrity and water chemistry relations in nonwadeable rivers of wisconsin: Toward the development of nutrient criteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrient criteria; nutrients; phosphorus; nitrogen; fish; macroinvertebrate; biotic integrity; IBI; regression tree; redundancy analysis ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; FISH COMMUNITIES; FOREST ECOREGION; NORTHERN LAKES; STREAMS; INDEX; CLASSIFICATION; ASSEMBLAGES; USA; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB We sampled 41 sites on 34 nonwadeable rivers that represent the types of rivers in Wisconsin, and the kinds and intensities of nutrient and other anthropogenic stressors upon each river type. Sites covered much of United States Environmental Protection Agency national nutrient ecoregions VII-Mostly Glaciated Dairy Region, and VIII-Nutrient Poor, Largely Glaciated upper Midwest. Fish, macroinvertebrates, and three categories of environmental variables including nutrients, other water chemistry, and watershed features were collected using standard protocols. We summarized fish assemblages by index of biotic integrity (IBI) and its 10 component measures, and macroinvertebrates by 2 organic pollution tolerance and 12 proportional richness measures. All biotic and environmental variables represented a wide range of conditions, with biotic measures ranging from poor to excellent status, despite nutrient concentrations being consistently higher than reference concentrations reported for the regions. Regression tree analyses of nutrients on a suite of biotic measures identified breakpoints in total phosphorus (-0.06 mg/l) and total nitrogen (-0.64 mg/l) concentrations at which biotic assemblages were consistently impaired. Redundancy analyses (RDA) were used to identify the most important variables within each of the three environmental variable categories, which were then used to determine the relative influence of each variable category on the biota. Nutrient measures, suspended chlorophyll a, water clarity, and watershed land cover type (forest or row-crop agriculture) were the most important variables and they explained significant amounts of variation within the macroinvertebrate (R-2 stop = 60.6%) and fish (R-2 = 43.6%) assemblages. The environmental variables selected in the macroinvertebrate model were correlated to such an extent that partial RDA analyses could not attribute variation explained to individual environmental categories, assigning 89% of the explained variation to interactions among the categories. In contrast, partial RDA attributed much of the explained variation to the nutrient (25%) and other water chemistry (38%) categories for the fish model. Our analyses suggest that it would be beneficial to develop criteria based upon a suite of biotic and nutrient variables simultaneously to deem waters as not meeting their designated uses. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources Fisheries & Aquat Sc, Madison, WI 53716 USA. US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Weigel, BM (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources Fisheries & Aquat Sc, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. EM Brian.Weigel@wi.gov OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 66 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 691 EP 708 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0452-y PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 212UQ UT WOS:000249622700013 PM 17638041 ER PT J AU Ward, BB Eveillard, D Kirshtein, JD Nelson, JD Voytek, MA Jackson, GA AF Ward, Bess B. Eveillard, Damien Kirshtein, Julie D. Nelson, Joshua D. Voytek, Mary A. Jackson, George A. TI Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community composition in estuarine and oceanic environments assessed using a functional gene microarray SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIAGNOSTIC MICROARRAY; CLASS PROTEOBACTERIA; SALINITY GRADIENT; BETA SUBDIVISION; SCHELDE ESTUARY; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCE; NITRIFICATION AB The relationship between environmental factors and functional gene diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was investigated across a transect from the freshwater portions of the Chesapeake Bay and Choptank River out into the Sargasso Sea. Oligonucleotide probes (70-bp) designed to represent the diversity of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes from Chesapeake Bay clone libraries and cultivated AOB were used to construct a glass slide microarray. Hybridization patterns among the probes in 14 samples along the transect showed clear variations in amoA community composition. Probes representing uncultivated members of the Nitrosospira-like AOB dominated the probe signal, especially in the more marine samples. Of the cultivated species, only Nitrosospira briensis was detected at appreciable levels. Discrimination analysis of hybridization signals detected two guilds. Guild 1 was dominated by the marine Nitrosospira-like probe signal, and Guild 2's largest contribution was from upper bay (freshwater) sediment probes. Principal components analysis showed that Guild 1 was positively correlated with salinity, temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, while Guild 2 was positively correlated with concentrations of oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate nitrogen and carbon, suggesting that different amoA sequences represent organisms that occupy different ecological niches within the estuarine/marine environment. The trend from most diversity of AOB in the upper estuary towards dominance of a single type in the polyhaline region of the Bay is consistent with the declining importance of AOB with increasing salinity, and with the idea that AO-Archaea are the more important ammonia oxidizers in the ocean. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USGS, Reston, VA USA. RP Ward, BB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bbw@princeton.edu OI eveillard, damien/0000-0002-8162-7360 NR 42 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2522 EP 2538 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01371.x PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 206ZY UT WOS:000249222600014 PM 17803777 ER PT J AU Chapin, TP Nimick, DA Gammons, CH Wanty, RB AF Chapin, Thomas P. Nimick, David A. Gammons, Christopher H. Wanty, Richard B. TI Diel cycling of zinc in a stream impacted by acid rock drainage: Initial results from a new in situ Zn analyzer SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE acid rock drainage; continuous in situ monitoring; diel metal cycling; zinc ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS SYSTEM; MOUNTAIN STREAM; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; NITRATE; IRON; MN; FE; MONTANA; CYCLES; OXIDES AB Recent work has demonstrated that many trace metals undergo dramatic diel (24-h) cycles in near neutral pH streams with metal concentrations reproducibly changing up to 500% during the diel period (Nimick et al., 2003). To examine diel zinc cycles in streams affected by acid rock drainage, we have developed a novel instrument, the Zn-DigiScan, to continuously monitor in situ zinc concentrations in near real-time. Initial results from a 3-day deployment at Fisher Creek, Montana have demonstrated the ability of the Zn-DigiScan to record diel Zn cycling at levels below 100 mu g/l. Longer deployments of this instrument could be used to examine the effects of episodic events such as rainstorms and snowmelt pulses on zinc loading in streams affected by acid rock drainage. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Montana, Butte, MT 59701 USA. US Geol Survey, Helena, MT 59701 USA. RP Chapin, TP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tchapin@usgs.gov OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1-3 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9569-y PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209QU UT WOS:000249403900016 PM 17180405 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Gentry, S Borges, SL AF Vyas, Nimish B. Spann, James W. Hulse, Craig S. Gentry, Sallie Borges, Shannon L. TI Dermal insecticide residues from birds inhabiting an orchard SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE azinphos-methyl; exposure; feathers; feet; insecticide; skin ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; PESTICIDES; MODEL AB The US Environmental Protection Agency conducts risk assessments of insecticide applications to wild birds using a model that is limited to the dietary route of exposure. However, free-flying birds are also exposed to insecticides via the inhalation and dermal routes. We measured azinphos-methyl residues on the skin plus feathers and the feet of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in order to quantify dermal exposure to songbirds that entered and inhabited an apple (Malus x domestica) orchard following an insecticide application. Exposure to azinphos-methyl was measured by sampling birds from an aviary that was built around an apple tree. Birds sampled at 36 h and 7-day post-application were placed in the aviary within 1 h after the application whereas birds exposed for 3 days were released into the aviary 4-day post-application. Residues on vegetation and soil were also measured. Azinphos-methyl residues were detected from the skin plus feathers and the feet from all exposure periods. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating dermal exposure into avian pesticide risk assessments. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM nimish_vyas@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1-3 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9573-2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209QU UT WOS:000249403900020 PM 17171236 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Dummer, PM Custer, CM Li, AU Warburton, D Melancon, MJ Hoffman, DJ Matson, CW Bickham, JW AF Custer, Thomas W. Dummer, Paul M. Custer, Christine M. Li, Azusa U. Warburton, David Melancon, Mark J. Hoffman, David J. Matson, Cole W. Bickham, John W. TI Water level management and contaminant exposure to tree swallows nesting on the Upper Mississippi River SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE organochlorines; elements; mercury; tree swallows; Mississippi River ID TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; USA; HYDROCARBONS; METABOLISM; SELENIUM; MERCURY; BIRDS; DIET AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted a water drawdown on Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River during the summers of 2001 and 2002 to increase aquatic vegetation production and thereby improve fish and wildlife habitat. Flooding of previously dried wetlands, however, may increase the rate of mercury methylation and make mercury more available to terrestrial vertebrates that feed in aquatic environments. Our objective was to determine if mercury, other elements, and organochlorine contaminants were more available to vertebrates following the 2001 drawdown. Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings were collected at two sites on Pool 8 and a nearby Reference site in 2000 (pre-2001 drawdown), 2001 (pre-2001 drawdown) and 2002 (post-2001 drawdown) and tissues were analyzed for mercury, other elements, and organochlorine contaminants. Bioindicator measurements of genetic damage, oxidative stress, ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity, and the ratio of liver to nestling mass were also measured in nestlings at all sites and all years. Based on a multivariate analysis, the 2001 drawdown of Pool 8 did not influence element concentrations, organochlorine concentrations, or bioindicator response. Concentrations of inorganic and organochlorine contaminants in tree swallow eggs and nestlings were not at toxic levels. Hatching success did not differ among years and was comparable to the nationwide average. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tcuster@usgs.gov RI Matson, Cole/F-7992-2010; Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Matson, Cole/0000-0002-6472-9357; Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04917] NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1-3 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9588-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209QU UT WOS:000249403900031 PM 17286172 ER PT J AU Augspurger, T Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG Kane, CM AF Augspurger, Tom Dwyer, F. James Ingersoll, Christopher G. Kane, Cynthia M. TI Advances and opportunities in assessing contaminant sensitivity of freshwater mussel (Unionidae) early life stages SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOXICITY; PROTECTION; BIVALVIA C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fisheries Contaminant Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gloucester, VA USA. RP Augspurger, T (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 8 U2 13 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2025 EP 2028 DI 10.1897/07-011.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 211MN UT WOS:000249528000001 PM 17867884 ER PT J AU Wang, N Augspurger, T Barnhart, MC Bidwell, JR Cope, WG Dwyer, FJ Geis, S Greer, IE Ingersoll, CG Kane, CM May, TW Neves, RJ Newton, TJ Roberts, AD Whites, DW AF Wang, Ning Augspurger, Tom Barnhart, M. Chris Bidwell, Joseph R. Cope, W. Gregory Dwyer, F. James Geis, Steve Greer, I. Eugene Ingersoll, Chris G. Kane, Cynthia M. May, Thomas W. Neves, Richard J. Newton, Teresa J. Roberts, Andy D. Whites, David W. TI Intra- and interlaboratory variability in acute toxicity tests with glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fresh water mussels; glochidia; juvenile mussels; toxicity test; variability AB The present study evaluated the performance and variability in acute toxicity tests with glochidia and newly transformed juvenile mussels using the standard methods outlined in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Multiple 48-h toxicity tests with glochidia and 96-h tests with juvenile mussels were conducted within a single laboratory and among five laboratories. All tests met the test acceptability requirements (e.g., >= 90% control survival). Intralaboratory tests were conducted over two consecutive mussel-spawning seasons with mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina) or fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) using copper, ammonia, or chlorine as a toxicant. For the glochidia of both species, the variability of intralaboratory median effective concentrations (EC50s) for the three toxicants, expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV), ranged from 14 to 27% in 24-h exposures and from 13 to 36% in 48-h exposures. The intralaboratory CV of copper EC50s for juvenile fatmucket was 24% in 48-h exposures and 13% in 96-h exposures. Interlaboratory tests were conducted with fatmucket glochidia and juveniles by five laboratories using copper as a toxicant. The interlaboratory CV of copper EC50s for glochidia was 13% in 24-h exposures and 24% in 48-h exposures, and the interlaboratory CV for juveniles was 22% in 48-h exposures and 42% in 96-h exposures. The high completion success and the overall low variability in test results indicate that the test methods have acceptable precision and can be performed routinely. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. Cent Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish &m Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Envronm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov OI Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2029 EP 2035 DI 10.1897/06-520R.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 211MN UT WOS:000249528000002 PM 17867871 ER PT J AU Wang, N Ingersoll, CG Hardesty, DK Ivey, CD Kunz, JL May, TW Dwyer, FJ Roberts, AD Augspurger, T Kane, CM Neves, RJ Barnhart, C AF Wang, Ning Ingersoll, Christopher G. Hardesty, Douglas K. Ivey, Christopher D. Kunz, James L. May, Thomas W. Dwyer, F. James Roberts, Andy D. Augspurger, Tom Kane, Cynthia M. Neves, Richard J. Barnhart, Chris TI Acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; glochidia; juvenile mussels; acute toxicity; water quality criteria ID SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB The objective of the present study was to determine acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, or chlorine to larval (glochidia) and juvenile mussels using the recently published American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. Toxicity tests were conducted with glochidia (24- to 48-h exposures) and juveniles (96-h exposures) of up to I I mussel species in reconstituted ASTM hard water using copper, ammonia, or chlorine as a toxicant. Copper and ammonia tests also were conducted with five commonly tested species, including cladocerans (Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia; 48-h exposures), amphipod (Hyalella azteca; 48-h exposures), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 96-h exposures), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas; 96-h exposures). Median effective concentrations (EC50s) for commonly tested species were >58 mu g Cu/L (except 15 mu g Cu/L for C. dubia) and >13 mg total ammonia NIL. whereas the EC50s for mussels in most cases were <45 mu g Cu/L or < 12 mg N/L and were often at or below the final acute values (FAVs) used to derive the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1996 acute water quality criterion (WQC) for copper and 1999 acute WQC for ammonia. However, the chlorine EC50s for mussels generally were >40 mu g/L and above the FAV in the WQC for chlorine. The results indicate that the early life stages of mussels generally were more sensitive to copper and ammonia than other organisms and that, including mussel toxicity data in a revision to the WQC, would lower the WQC for copper or ammonia. Furthermore, including additional mussel data in 2007 WQC for copper based on biotic ligand model would further lower the WQC. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Envronm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Cent Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Envronm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 31 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2036 EP 2047 DI 10.1897/06-523R.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 211MN UT WOS:000249528000003 PM 17867873 ER PT J AU Wang, N Ingersoll, CG Greer, IE Hardesty, DK Ivey, CD Kunz, JL Brumbaugh, WG Dwyer, EJ Roberts, AD Augspurger, T Kane, CM Neves, RJ Barnhart, MC AF Wang, Ning Ingersoll, Christopher G. Greer, I. Eugene Hardesty, Douglas K. Ivey, Christopher D. Kunz, James L. Brumbaugh, William G. Dwyer, E. James Roberts, Andy D. Augspurger, Tom Kane, Cynthia M. Neves, Richard J. Barnhart, M. Chris TI Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; juvenile mussels; chronic toxicity; copper; ammonia ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; BIVALVIA; SURVIVAL; SEDIMENT; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; SYSTEM; FOOD AB The objectives of the present study were to develop methods for conducting chronic toxicity tests with juvenile mussels under flow-through conditions and to determine the chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile mussels using these methods. In two feeding tests, two-month-old fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and rainbow mussel (Villosa iris) were fed various live algae or nonviable algal mixture for 28 d. The algal mixture was the best food resulting in high survival ( >= 90%) and growth. Multiple copper and ammonia toxicity tests were conducted for 28 d starting with two-month-old mussels. Six toxicity tests using the algal mixture were successfully completed with a control survival of 88 to 100%. Among copper tests with rainbow mussel, fatmucket, and oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis), chronic value ([ChV], geometric mean of the no-observed-effect concentration and the lowest-observed-effect concentration) ranged from 8.5 to 9.8 mu g Cu/L for survival and from 4.6 to 8.5 mu g Cu/L for growth. Among ammonia tests with rainbow mussel, fatmucket, and wavy-rayed lampmussel (L. fasciola), the ChV ranged from 0.37 to 1.2 mg total ammonia N/L for survival and from 0.37 to 0.67 mg N/L for growth. These ChVs were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1996 chronic water quality criterion (WQC) for copper (15 mu g/L; hardness 170 mg/L) and 1999 WQC for total ammonia (1.26 mg N/L; pH 8.2 and 20 degrees C). Results indicate that toxicity tests with two-month-old mussels can be conducted for 28 d With >80% control survival; growth was frequently a more sensitive endpoint compared to survival; and the 1996 chronic WQC for copper and the 1999 chronic WQC for total ammonia might not be adequately protective of the mussel species tested. However, a recently revised 2007 chronic WQC for copper based on the biotic ligand model may be more protective in the water tested. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM nwang@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 26 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2048 EP 2056 DI 10.1897/06-524R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 211MN UT WOS:000249528000004 PM 17867874 ER PT J AU Newton, TJ Bartsch, MR AF Newton, Teresa J. Bartsch, Michelle R. TI Lethal and sublethal effects of ammonia to juvenile Lampsilis mussels (Unionidae) in sediment and water-only exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE unionids; ammonia; toxicity; juveniles; growth ID UN-IONIZED AMMONIA; UPPER MISSISSIPPI-RIVER; ACUTE TOXICITY; PORE-WATER; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; VILLOSA-IRIS; PH; NITROGEN; TESTS; SENSITIVITY AB We compared the sensitivity of two juvenile unionid mussels (Lampsilis cardium and Lampsilis higginsii) to ammonia in 96-h water-only and sediment tests by use of mortality and growth measurements. Twenty mussels were placed in chambers buried 2.5 cm into reference sediments to approximate pore-water exposure (sediment tests) or elevated above the bottom of the experimental units (water-only tests). In the sediment tests, a pH gradient existed between the overlying water (mean 8.0), sedimentwater interface (mean 7.7), and 2.5 cut depth (mean 7.4). We assumed that mussels were exposed to ammonia in pore water and report effect concentrations in pore water, but if they were exposed to the higher pH water, more of the ammonia would be in the toxic un-ionized (NH3) form. The only differences in toxicity and growth between mussel species occurred in some of the wateronly tests. In sediment tests, median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 124 to 125 mu g NH3-N/L. In water-only tests, LC50s ranged from 157 to 372 mu g NH3-N/L. In sediment tests, median effective concentrations (EC50s based on growth) ranged.from 30 to 32 mu g NH3-N/L. Juvenile mussels in the water-only tests grew poorly and did not exhibit a dose-response relation. These data demonstrate that growth is a sensitive and valuable endpoint for studies on ammonia toxicity with juvenile freshwater mussels and that growth should be measured via sediment tests. C1 Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Newton, TJ (reprint author), Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM tnewton@usgs.gov OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 40 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 21 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2057 EP 2065 DI 10.1897/06-245R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 211MN UT WOS:000249528000005 PM 17867867 ER PT J AU March, FA Dwyer, FJ Augspurger, T Ingersoll, CG Wang, N Mebane, CA AF March, Ferrella A. Dwyer, F. James Augspurger, Tom Ingersoll, Christopher G. Wang, Ning Mebane, Christopher A. TI An evaluation of freshwater mussel toxicity data in the derivation of water quality guidance and standards for copper SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mussels; copper; water quality; toxicity ID UTTERBACKIA-IMBECILLIS; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; PROTECTION; CHEMICALS; DAPHNIA; METALS; RIVER AB The state of Oklahoma has designated several areas as freshwater mussel sanctuaries in an attempt to provide freshwater mussel species a degree of protection and to facilitate their reproduction. We evaluated the protection afforded freshwater mussels by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) hardness-based 1996 ambient copper water quality criteria, the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model and the 2005 state of Oklahoma copper water quality standards. Both the criterion maximum concentration and criterion continuous concentration were evaluated, Published acute and chronic copper toxicity data that met American Society for Testing and Materials guidance for test acceptability were obtained for exposures conducted with glochidia or juvenile freshwater mussels. We tabulated toxicity data for glochidia and juveniles to calculate 20 species mean acute values for freshwater mussels. Generally, freshwater mussel species mean acute values were similar to those of the more sensitive species included in the U.S. EPA water quality derivation database. When added to the database of genus mean acute values used in deriving 1996 copper water quality criteria, 14 freshwater mussel genus mean acute values included 10 of the lowest 15 genus mean acute values, with three mussel species having the lowest values. Chronic exposure and sublethal effects freshwater mussel data available for four species and acute to chronic ratios were used to evaluate the criterion continuous concentration. On the basis of the freshwater mussel toxicity data used in this assessment, the hardness-based 1996 U.S. EPA water quality criteria, the 2005 Oklahoma water quality standards. and the 2007 U.S. EPA water quality criteria based on the biotic ligand model might need to be revised to afford protection to freshwater mussels. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. Columbia Environm Res ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83720 USA. RP March, FA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, 111 E Chesapeake St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM ferrella.march@deq.state.ok.us RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2066 EP 2074 DI 10.1897/06-560R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 211MN UT WOS:000249528000006 PM 17867876 ER PT J AU Ward, S Augspurger, T Dwyer, FJ Kane, C Ingersoll, CG AF Ward, Sara Augspurger, Tom Dwyer, F. James Kane, Cindy Ingersoll, Christopher G. TI Risk assessment of water quality in three North Carolina, USA, streams supporting federally endangered freshwater mussels (Unionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; stream monitoring; site-specific standards; ecological risk assessment; wastewater treatment plant ID ACUTE TOXICITY; UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY; PROTECTION; BIVALVIA; AMMONIA; COPPER AB Water quality data were collected from three drainages supporting the endangered Carolina heelsplitter (Lasmigona decorata) and dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) to determine the potential for impaired water quality to limit the recovery of these freshwater mussels in North Carolina, USA. Total recoverable copper, total residual chlorine, and total ammonia nitrogen were measured every two months for approximately a year at sites bracketing wastewater sources and mussel habitat. These data and state monitoring datasets were compared with ecological screening values, including estimates of chemical concentrations likely to be protective of mussels, and federal ambient water quality criteria to assess site risks following a hazard quotient approach. In one drainage, the site-specific ammonia ecological screening value for acute exposures was exceeded in 6% of the samples, and 15% of samples exceeded the chronic ecological screening value; however, ammonia concentrations were generally below levels of concern in other drainages. In all drainages, copper concentrations were higher than ecological screening values most frequently (exceeding the ecological screening values for acute exposures in 65-94% of the samples). Chlorine concentrations exceeding the acute water quality criterion were observed in 14 and 35% of samples in two of three drainages. The ecological screening values were exceeded most frequently in Goose Creek and the Upper Tar River drainages; concentrations rarely exceeded ecological screening values in the Swift Creek drainage except for copper. The site-specific risk assessment approach provides valuable information (including site-specific risk estimates and ecological screening values for protection) that can be applied through regulatory and nonregulatory means to improve water quality for mussels where risks are indicated and pollutant threats persist. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA. Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Ward, S (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, PO Box 33726, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. EM sara_ward@fws.gov NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 25 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2075 EP 2085 DI 10.1897/06-561R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 211MN UT WOS:000249528000007 PM 17867877 ER PT J AU Turner, RE Rabalais, NN Alexander, RB McIsaac, G Howarth, RW AF Turner, R. E. Rabalais, N. N. Alexander, R. B. McIsaac, G. Howarth, R. W. TI Characterization of nutrient, organic carbon, and sediment loads and concentrations from the Mississippi River into the Northern gulf of Mexico SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; ATCHAFALAYA RIVER; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN EXPORT; WATER-QUALITY; NITRATE FLUX; WETLAND LOSS AB We synthesize and update the science supporting the Action Plan for Reducing, Mitigating, and Controlling Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force 2001) with a focus on the spatial and temporal discharge and patterns of nutrient and organic carbon delivery to the northern Gulf of Mexico, including data through 2006. The discharge of the Mississippi River watershed over 200 years varies but is not demonstrably increasing or decreasing. About 30% of the Mississippi River was shunted westward to form the Atchafalaya River, which redistributed water and nutrient loads on the shelf. Data on nitrogen concentrations from the early 1900s demonstrate that the seasonal and annual concentrations in the lower river have increased considerably since then, including a higher spring loading, following the increase in fertilizer applications after World War H. The loading of total nitrogen (TN) fell from 1990 to 2006, but the loading of total phosphorus (TP) has risen slightly, resulting in a decline in the TN:TP ratios. The present TN:TP ratios hover around an average indicative of potential nitrogen limitation on phytoplankton growth, or balanced growth limitation, but not phosphorus limitation. The dissolved nitrogen:dissolved silicate ratios are near the Redfield ratio indicative of growth limitations on diatoms. Although nutrient concentrations are relatively high compared to those in many other large rivers, the water quality in the Mississippi River is not unique in that nutrient loads can be described by a variety of land-use models. There is no net removal of nitrogen from water flowing through the Atchafalaya basin, but the concentrations of TP and suspended sediments are lower at the exit point (Morgan City, Louisiana) than in the water entering the Atchafalaya basin. The removal of nutrients entering offshore waters through diversion of river water into wetlands is presently less than 1% of the total loadings going directly offshore, and would be less than 8% if the 10,093 km(2) of coastal wetlands were successfully engineered for that purpose. Wedand loss is an insignificant contribution to the carbon loading offshore, compared to in situ marine production. The science-based conclusions in the Action Plan about nutrient loads and sources to the hypoxic zone off Louisiana are sustained by research and monitoring occurring in the subsequent 10 years. C1 [Turner, R. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rabalais, N. N.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Alexander, R. B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [McIsaac, G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Howarth, R. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Systemat, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Turner, RE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM euturne@lsu.edu NR 93 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 7 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 773 EP 790 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249BH UT WOS:000252201300003 ER PT J AU Snedden, GA Cable, JE Wiseman, WJ AF Snedden, Gregg A. Cable, Jaye E. Wiseman, William J., Jr. TI Subtidal sea level variability in a shallow Mississippi River deltaic estuary, Louisiana SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN ESTUARY; DELAWARE ESTUARY; FRESH-WATER; BAY; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; DISCHARGE; REMOTE AB The relative roles of river, atmospheric, and tidal forcings on estuarine sea level variability are examined in Breton Sound, a shallow (0.7 m) deltaic estuary situated in an interdistributary basin on the Mississippi River deltaic plain. The deltaic landscape contains vegetated marshes, tidal flats, circuitous channels, and other features that frictionally dissipate waves propagating through the system. Direct forcing by local wind stress over the surface of the estuary is minimal, owing to the lack of significant fetch due to landscape features of the estuary. Atmospheric forcing occurs almost entirely through remote forcing, where alongshore winds facilitate estuary-shelf exchange through coastal Ekman convergence. The highly frictional nature of the deltaic landscape causes the estuary to act as a low-pass filter to remote atmospheric forcing, where high-frequency, coastally-induced. fluctuations are significantly damped, and the damping increases with distance from the estuary mouth. During spring, when substantial quantities of controlled Mississippi River inputs ((q) over bar = 62 m(3) s(-1)) are discharged into the estuary, upper estuary subtidal sea levels are forced by a combination of river and remote atmospheric forcings, while river effects are less clear downestuary. During autumn ((q) over bar = 7 m(3) s(-1)) sea level variability throughout the estuary is governed entirely by coastal variations at the marine boundary. A frequency-dependent analytical model, previously used to describe sea level dynamics forced by local wind stress and coastal forcing in deeper, less frictional systems, is applied in the shallow Breton Sound estuary. In contrast to deeper systems where coastally-induced fluctuations exhibit little or no frictional attenuation inside the estuary, these fluctuations in the shallow Breton Sound estuary show strong frequency-dependent amplitude reductions that extend well into the subtidal frequency spectrum. C1 [Snedden, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal Restorat Field Stn, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Snedden, Gregg A.; Cable, Jaye E.; Wiseman, William J., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wiseman, William J., Jr.] Natl Sci Fdn, Off Polar Programs, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Snedden, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal Restorat Field Stn, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gsnedden@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 802 EP 812 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249BH UT WOS:000252201300005 ER PT J AU Webb, MAH Allert, JA Kappenman, KM Marcos, J Feist, GW Schreck, CB Shackleton, CH AF Webb, Molly A. H. Allert, J. Alan Kappenman, Kevin M. Marcos, Josep Feist, Grant W. Schreck, Carl B. Shackleton, Cedric H. TI Identification of plasma glucocorticoids in pallid sturgeon in response to stress SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; glucocorticoids; pallid sturgeon; stress; sturgeon ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RAINBOW-TROUT; CORTISOL; CORTICOSTEROIDS; FISH; TESTOSTERONE; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISMS; DYNAMICS AB Compared to teleosts. little is known about the stress response in chondrosteans, and the glucocorticoid(s) most responsive to stress have never been definitively determined in sturgeon. In terms of cortisol production, pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) have a low physiological response to stress compared to other sturgeons (Acipenser sp.). Because of this, our null hypothesis was that cortisol is not the predominant glucocorticoid secreted in response to stress in pallid sturgeon. Our objective was to identify the putative glucocorticoids present in the plasma of pallid Sturgeon during the stress response. Pallid sturgeon were subjected to a severe confinement stress ( 12 h) with an additional handling stressor for the first 6 h. Control fish were not subjected to confinement but were handled only to collect blood. Blood plasma was collected at time 0.6, and 12 h. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to screen the plasma for the spectrum of glucocorticoids and determine the putative steroid secreted during the stress response. Cortisol was the primary glucocorticoid detected in stressed pallid sturgeon. In addition, the cortisol metabolites cortisone, alloTHE (5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha,17 alpha,21-triol- -11.20-dione), allo-alpha-cortolone (3 alpha, 17 alpha.,20 alpha,21 -tetrahydro-5 alpha-pregnan-11-one), and allo-beta-cortolone (3 alpha, 17 alpha,20 beta,21-tetrahydro-5 alpha-preganan-11-one) were detected. Plasma cortisol increased from a resting concentration of 0.67 ng/ml to 10.66 ng/ml at 6 h followed by a decrease to 6.78 na/ml by 12 h. Plasma glucose increased significantly by time 6 and 12 h in both stressed and unstressed groups and remained elevated at time 12 h, while resting lactate concentrations were low to non-detectable and did not increase significantly with the stressor over time. Cortisol was the primary glucocorticoid synthesized and secreted in response to a stressor in pallid sturgeon. Though the proportional increase in plasma cortisol in stressed pallid sturgeon was lower than many other species of sturgeon, the concentration was high enough to elicit a secondary stress response as seen by changes in plasma glucose. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Pompeu Fabra Univ, Inst Municipal Invest Med, Barcelona, Spain. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlif, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Webb, MAH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, 4050 Bridger Canyon Rd, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM Molly_Webb@fws.gov RI Marcos, Josep/F-3545-2015 OI Marcos, Josep/0000-0002-3624-108X NR 26 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 154 IS 1-3 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.06.002 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 213BO UT WOS:000249641100013 PM 17632105 ER PT J AU DeLong, SB Minor, SA Arnold, LJ AF DeLong, Stephen B. Minor, Scott A. Arnold, Lee J. TI Late Quaternary alluviation and offset along the eastern Big Pine fault, southern California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neotectonics; optical dating; Big Pine fault; seismic hazard ID COAST RANGES; TECTONICS; VALLEY AB Determining late Quaternary offset rates on specific faults within active mountain belts is not only a key component of seismic hazard, analysis, but sheds light on regional tectonic development over geologic timescales. Here we report an estimate of dip-slip rate on the eastern Big Pine oblique-reverse fault in the upper Cuyama Valley within the western Transverse Ranges of southern California, and its relation to local landscape development. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sandy beds within coarse.-grained alluvial deposits indicates that deposition of alluvium shed from the Pine Mountain massif occurred near the southern margin of the Cuyama structural basin at the elevation of the Cuyama River between 25 and 14 ka. This alluvial deposit has been offset similar to 10 m vertically by the eastern Big Pine fault, providing a latest Quaternary dip-slip rate estimate of similar to 0.9 m/ky based on a 50 degrees fault dip. Incision of the adjacent Cuyama River has exposed a section of older Cuyama River sediments beneath the Pine Mountain alluvium that accumulated between 45 and 30 ka on the down-thrown footwall block of the eastern Big Pine fault. Corroborative evidence for Holocene reverse-slip on the eastern Big Pine fault is similar to 1 m of incised bedrock that is characteristically exposed beneath 2-3.5 ka fill terraces in tributaries south of the fault. The eastern Big Pine fault in the Cuyama Valley area has no confirmed record of historic rupture; however, based on our results, we suggest the likelihood of multiple reverse-slip rupture events since 14 ka. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DeLong, Stephen B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Minor, Scott A.] US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Arnold, Lee J.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford Luminescence Res Grp, Oxford OX1 3TB, England. RP DeLong, SB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sdelong@cornellcollege.edu OI Arnold, Lee/0000-0001-9603-3824; DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.01.018 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244UY UT WOS:000251892000001 ER PT J AU Panet, I Mikhailov, V Diament, M Pollitz, F King, G de Viron, O Holschneider, M Biancale, R Lemoine, JM AF Panet, Isabelle Mikhailov, Valentin Diament, Michel Pollitz, Fred King, Geoffrey de Viron, Olivier Holschneider, Matthias Biancale, Richard Lemoine, Jean-Michel TI Coseismic and post-seismic signatures of the Sumatra 2004 December and 2005 March earthquakes in GRACE satellite gravity SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; geoid; satellite geodesy; subduction zone ID ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; STATIC OFFSETS; WAVELET FRAMES; DEFORMATION; MANTLE; RHEOLOGY; FIELD; INSIGHT; BENEATH; MODEL AB The GRACE satellite mission has been measuring the Earth's gravity field and its temporal variations since 2002 April. Although these variations are mainly due to mass transfer within the geofluid envelops, they also result from mass displacements associated with phenomena including glacial isostatic adjustment and earthquakes. However, these last contributions are difficult to isolate because of the presence of noise and of geofluid signals, and because of GRACE's coarse spatial resolution (> 400 km half-wavelength). In this paper, we show that a wavelet analysis on the sphere helps to retrieve earthquake signatures from GRACE geoid products. Using a wavelet analysis of GRACE geoids products, we show that the geoid variations caused by the 2004 December (M-w = 9.2) and 2005 March (M-w = 8.7) Sumatra earthquakes can be detected. At GRACE resolution, the 2004 December earthquake produced a strong coseismic decrease of the gravity field in the Andaman Sea, followed by relaxation in the area affected by both the Andaman 2004 and the Nias 2005 earthquakes. We find two characteristic timescales for the relaxation, with a fast variation occurring in the vicinity of the Central Andaman ridge. We discuss our coseismic observations in terms of density changes of crustal and upper-mantle rocks, and of the vertical displacements in the Andaman Sea. We interpret the post-seismic signal in terms of the viscoelastic response of the Earth's mantle. The transient component of the relaxation may indicate the presence of hot, viscous material beneath the active Central Andaman Basin. C1 Inst Geog Natl, Lab Rech Geodesie, ENSG, F-77455 Marne La Vallee, France. Geog Survey Inst, Space Geodesy Res Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75252 Paris, France. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Earth Phys, RU-123810 Moscow, Russia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Potsdam, Dept Appl Math, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Grp Rech Geodesie Spatiale, F-31401 Toulouse, France. RP Panet, I (reprint author), Inst Geog Natl, Lab Rech Geodesie, ENSG, 6-8,av Blaise Pascal, F-77455 Marne La Vallee, France. EM panet@gsi.go.jp RI Diament, Michel/F-8553-2010; Mikhailov, Valentin/B-5406-2013; de Viron, Olivier/N-6647-2014; OI de Viron, Olivier/0000-0003-3112-9686; Mikhailov, Valentin/0000-0001-9520-5540; Holschneider, Matthias/0000-0003-3987-105X NR 37 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 171 IS 1 BP 177 EP 190 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03525.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 219IW UT WOS:000250079100014 ER PT J AU Bradbury, KK Barton, DC Solum, JG Draper, SD Evans, JP AF Bradbury, K. K. Barton, D. C. Solum, J. G. Draper, S. D. Evans, J. P. TI Mineralogic and textural analyses of drill cuttings from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) boreholes: Initial interpretations of fault zone composition and constraints on geologic models SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE SAFOD; cuttings; microstructural analyses; fault zones; deformation ID INTERNAL STRUCTURE; PUNCHBOWL FAULT; COAST RANGES; WEAKENING MECHANISMS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CATACLASTIC ROCKS; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; CRUSTAL LEVELS; SLIP RATE; PARKFIELD AB We examine drill cuttings from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) boreholes to determine the lithology and deformational textures in the fault zones and host rocks. Cutting samples represent the lithologies from 1.7-km map distance and 3.2-km vertical depth adjacent to the San Andreas Fault. We analyzed two hundred and sixty-six grain-mount thin-sections at an average of 30-m-cuttings sample spacing from the vertical 2.2-km-deep Pilot Hole and the 3.99-km-long Main Hole. We identify Quaternary and Tertiary(?) sedimentary rocks in the upper 700 m of the holes; granitic rocks from 760-1920 m measured depth; arkosic and lithic arenites, interbedded with siltstone sequences, from 1920 to similar to 3150 m measured depth; and interbedded siltstones, mudstones, and shales from 3150 m to 3987 m measured depth. We also infer the presence of at least five fault zones, which include regions of damage zone and fault core on the basis of percent of cataclasite abundances, presence of deformed grains, and presence of alteration phases at 1050, 1600-2000, 2200-2500, 2700-3000, 3050-3350, and 3500 m measured depth in the Main Hole. These zones are correlated with borehole geophysical signatures that are consistent with the presence of faults. If the deeper zones of cataclasite and alteration intensity connect to the surface trace of the San Andreas Fault, then this fault zone dips 80-85 southwest, and consists of multiple slip surfaces in a damage zone similar to 250-300 m thick. This interpretation is supported by borehole geophysical studies, which show this area is a region of low seismic velocities, reduced resistivity, and variable porosity. C1 [Bradbury, K. K.; Barton, D. C.; Draper, S. D.; Evans, J. P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Solum, J. G.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Evans, JP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Geol, 4505 Old Main Hall, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jpevans@cc.usu.edu NR 82 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 5 BP 299 EP 318 DI 10.1130/GES00076.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 240HA UT WOS:000251577000002 ER PT J AU du Bray, EA AF du Bray, Edward A. TI Time, space, and composition relations among northern Nevada intrusive rocks and their metallogenic implications SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE intrusions; geochemistry; age; mineral deposits; igneous petrology ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GRANITIC-ROCKS; GOLD DEPOSITS; GREAT-BASIN; CARLIN TREND; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; MAGMATISM; CLASSIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; EVOLUTION AB Northern Nevada contains similar to 360 igneous intrusions subequally distributed among three age groups: middle Tertiary, Cretaceous, and Jurassic. These intrusions are dominantly granodiorite and monzogranite, although some are more mafic. Major-oxide and trace-element compositions of intrusion age groups are remarkably similar, forming compositional arrays that are continuous, overlapping, and essentially indistinguishable. Within each age group, compositional diversity is controlled by a combination of fractional crystallization and two-component mixing. Mafic intrusions represent mixing of mantle-derived magma and assimilated continental crust, whereas intermediate to felsic intrusions evolved by fractional crystallization. Several petrologic parameters suggest that the northern Nevada intrusion age groups formed in a variety of subduction-related, magmatic arc settings: Jurassic intrusions were likely formed during backarc, slab-window magmatism related to breakoff of the Mezcalera plate; Cretaceous magmatism was related to rapid, shallow subduction of the Farallon plate and consequent inboard migration of arc magmatism; and Tertiary magmatism initially swept southward into northern Nevada in response to foundering of the Farallon plate and was followed by voluminous Miocene bimodal magmatism associated with backarc continental rifting. Nearly 3000 hydrothermal mineral deposits ( many only small uneconomic occurrences), of diverse size and type, are spatially and ( or) genetically associated with northern Nevada intrusions; significantly, the largest and most important deposits are aligned along prominent mineral-deposit trends. Because northern Nevada is a globally significant metallogenic province, determining whether age, modal composition, and geochemical features of associated intrusive rocks discriminate productive intrusions is important. Mineral-deposit types, including W vein and skarn, polymetallic vein, distal disseminated Au-Ag, porphyry Cu-Mo-W-Au, and epithermal Ag-Au deposits, all spatially and genetically associated with intrusions and known to involve magmatic inputs, are emphasized in this analysis. In addition, although evidence for a direct magmatic input, other than heat, is scarce for Carlin-type gold deposit formation, this deposit type was included because of its economic significance. Consequently, intrusions along mineral-deposit trends, in particular those associated with the largest and economically most significant mineral deposits, were a focus of the investigation. Importantly, modal composition, age, and geochemical characteristics of intrusions associated with large mineral deposits along the trends, are indistinguishable from non-mineralized intrusions in northern Nevada and thus do not identify intrusions associated with significant deposits. Moreover, intrusion age and composition show little correlation with mineral-deposit type, abundance, and size. Given the lack of diagnostic characteristics for intrusions associated with deposits, it is uncertain whether age, modal composition, and geochemical data can identify intrusions associated with mineral deposits. These findings suggest that associations between northern Nevada intrusions and mineral deposits reflect superimposition of many geologic factors, none of which was solely responsible for mineral-deposit formation. These factors might include intrusion size, efficiency of fluid and metal extraction from magma, prevailing redox and sulfidation conditions, or derivation of metals and ligands from host rocks and groundwater. The abundance and diversity of mineral deposits in northern Nevada may partly reflect geochemical inheritance, for example, along the mineral trends rather than the influence of petrologically unique magma or associated fluids. C1 [du Bray, Edward A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP du Bray, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 5 BP 381 EP 405 DI 10.1130/GES00109.1 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 240HA UT WOS:000251577000006 ER PT J AU Siemann, E Rogers, WE Grace, JB AF Siemann, Evan Rogers, William E. Grace, James B. TI Effects of nutrient loading and extreme rainfall events on coastal tallgrass prairies: invasion intensity, vegetation responses, and carbon and nitrogen distribution SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biological invasions; carbon; Chinese tallow tree; climate change; disturbance; nitrogen; rainfall; Sapium sebiferum ID CHINESE TALLOW TREE; SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; SEED-GERMINATION; GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; DEPOSITION; LIGHT; TEXAS; CONSEQUENCES; INVASIBILITY AB Soil fertility and precipitation are major factors regulating transitions from grasslands to forests. Biotic regulation may influence the effects of these abiotic drivers. In this study, we examined the effects of extreme rainfall events, anthropogenic nutrient loading and insect herbivory on the ability of Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) to invade coastal prairie to determine how these factors may influence woody invasion of a grassland. We manipulated soil fertility (NPK addition) and simulated variation in frequency of extreme rainfall events in a three growing season, full factorial field experiment. Adding water to or pumping water out of plots simulated increased and decreased rainfall frequencies. We added Sapium seeds and seedlings to each plot and manipulated insect herbivory on transplanted Sapium seedlings with insecticide. We measured soil moisture, Sapium performance, vegetation mass, and carbon and nitrogen in vegetation and soils (0-10 cm deep, 10-20 cm deep). Fertilization increased Sapium invasion intensity by increasing seedling survival, height growth and biomass. Insect damage was low and insect suppression had little effect in all conditions. Recruitment of Sapium from seed was very low and independent of treatments. Vegetation mass was increased by fertilization in both rainfall treatments but not in the ambient moisture treatment. The amount of carbon and nitrogen in plants was increased by fertilization, especially in modified moisture plots. Soil carbon and nitrogen were independent of all treatments. These results suggest that coastal tallgrass prairies are more likely to be impacted by nutrient loading, in terms of invasion severity and nutrient cycling, than by changes in the frequency of extreme rainfall events. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, USGS, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Siemann, E (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM siemann@rice.edu NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 49 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2184 EP 2192 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01425.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 218BS UT WOS:000249991600011 ER PT J AU Reneerkens, J Almeida, JB Lank, DB Jukema, J Lanctot, RB Morrison, RIG Rijpstra, WIC Schamel, D Schekkerman, H Damste, JSS Tomkovich, PS Tracy, DM Tulp, I Piersma, T AF Reneerkens, Jeroen Almeida, Juliana B. Lank, David B. Jukema, Joop Lanctot, Richard B. Morrison, R. I. Guy Rijpstra, W. Irene C. Schamel, Douglas Schekkerman, Hans Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe Tomkovich, Pavel S. Tracy, Diane M. Tulp, Ingrid Piersma, Theunis TI Parental role division predicts avian preen wax cycles SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID KNOT CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; RED KNOTS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; GLAND WAXES; SANDPIPERS; SCOLOPACIDAE; EVOLUTION; SWITCH; OIL; SEX AB Previous studies have shown that preen wax composition in some sandpipers shifts from the usual monoesters to diesters during the breeding season, possibly to reduce the ability of mammalian predators to find nests using olfactory cues. To investigate further the relationship between incubation and wax secretion, we examined seven sandpiper species with different incubation patterns (species in which both sexes incubate, in which only males incubate and in which only females incubate). During the breeding period, diester preen wax was secreted almost exclusively by the incubating sex in species with uniparental incubation, and by both sexes in species with biparental incubation. These findings suggest that diester preen waxes have a function that is directly related to incubation. Unexpectedly, in female-incubating Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea and Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis, some males also secreted diester preen waxes during the breeding period. This suggests that some males may in fact incubate, that these waxes may be a remnant from their evolutionary past when both sexes incubated, or that males need to be olfactorally cryptic because they are involved in the making of nest scrapes. The seasonal pattern of preen wax composition was also studied in captive male, female and female-mimicking male ('faeder') Ruff Philomachus pugnax. Captive female Ruff changed preen wax composition from monoesters to diesters in the spring despite the fact that no incubation took place. This suggests that circannual rhythms rather than actual incubation behaviour may trigger the shift to diester waxes. All captive male Ruff, including the faeders, continued to secrete monoesters, supporting the hypothesis that only the incubating sex secretes diesters. C1 Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. Univ Nevada, EECB Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, BC V5H 1S6, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Hull, PQ, Canada. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alterra, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Zool Museum, Moscow 125009, Russia. RP Reneerkens, J (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Anim Ecol Grp, POB 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. EM J.W.H.Reneerkens@rug.nl RI Piersma, Theunis/D-1871-2012; Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/F-6128-2011; Reneerkens, Jeroen/J-3880-2015 OI Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/0000-0002-8683-1854; Reneerkens, Jeroen/0000-0003-0674-8143 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD OCT PY 2007 VL 149 IS 4 BP 721 EP 729 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00693.x PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 218JM UT WOS:000250011800005 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD Skorupa, JP AF Lemly, A. Dennis Skorupa, Joseph P. TI Technical Issues Affecting the Implementation of US Environmental Protection Agency's Proposed Fish Tissue-Based Aquatic Criterion for Selenium SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Selenium water quality criteria; Federal regulatory guidelines; National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permits; US Environmental Protection Agency fish tissue criterion AB The US Environmental Protection Agency is developing a national water quality criterion for selenium that is based on concentrations of the element in fish tissue. Although this approach offers advantages over the current water-based regulations, it also presents new challenges with respect to implementation. A comprehensive protocol that answers the "what, where, and when" is essential with the new tissue-based approach in order to ensure proper acquisition of data that apply to the criterion. Dischargers will need to understand selenium transport, cycling, and bioaccumulation in order to effectively monitor for the criterion and, if necessary, develop site-specific standards. This paper discusses 11 key issues that affect the implementation of a tissue-based criterion, ranging from the selection of fish species to the importance of hydrological units in the sampling design. It also outlines a strategy that incorporates both water column and tissue-based approaches. A national generic safety-net water criterion could be combined with a fish tissue-based criterion for site-specific implementation. For the majority of waters nationwide, National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permitting and other activities associated with the Clean Water Act could continue without the increased expense of sampling and interpreting biological materials. Dischargers would do biotic sampling intermittently (not a routine monitoring burden) on fish tissue relative to the fish tissue criterion. Only when the fish tissue criterion is exceeded would a full site-specific analysis including development of intermedia translation factors be necessary. C1 [Lemly, A. Dennis] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Fisheries Res Unit, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Skorupa, Joseph P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Fisheries Res Unit, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM dlemly@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service, Southern Research Station; US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Environmental Quality FX Support for this work was provided by the US Forest Service, Southern Research Station, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Environmental Quality. We thank the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Selenium Work Group for their contributions in developing material for the paper; Dan Wall, Barb Osmundson, Cindy Tibbot, William Beckon, Brenda Montgomery, Bruce Waddell, Lynn Wellman, Steve Alexander, and Greg Masson. We also thank Theresa Presser, Carol Whitlock, Donald Wismer, and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the paper. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2007-024.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43XC UT WOS:000209713100011 PM 18046804 ER PT J AU Bachu, S Bonijoly, D Bradshaw, J Burruss, R Holloway, S Christensen, NP Mathiassen, OM AF Bachu, Stefan Bonijoly, Didier Bradshaw, John Burruss, Robert Holloway, Sam Christensen, Niels Peter Mathiassen, Odd Magne TI CO(2) storage capacity estimation: Methodology and gaps SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CO(2) geological storage; capacity estimation; oil and gas reservoirs; coal beds; deep saline aquifers ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; OIL-RESERVOIRS; SCREENING CRITERIA; GEOLOGICAL MEDIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; AQUIFERS; TRANSPORT; RECOVERY; DISPOSAL AB Implementation Of CO(2) capture and geological storage (CCGS) technology at the scale needed to achieve a significant and meaningful reduction in CO(2) emissions requires knowledge of the available CO(2) storage capacity. CO(2) storage capacity assessments may be conducted at various scales-in decreasing order of size and increasing order of resolution: country, basin, regional, local and site-specific. Estimation of the CO(2) storage capacity in depleted oil and gas reservoirs is straightforward and is based on recoverable reserves, reservoir properties and in situ CO(2) characteristics. In the case Of CO(2)-EOR, the CO(2) storage capacity can be roughly evaluated on the basis of worldwide field experience or more accurately through numerical simulations. Determination of the theoretical CO(2) storage capacity in coal beds is based on coal thickness and CO(2) adsorption isotherms, and recovery and completion factors. Evaluation of the CO(2) storage capacity in deep saline aquifers is very complex because four trapping mechanisms that act at different rates are involved and, at times, all mechanisms may be operating simultaneously. The level of detail and resolution required in the data make reliable and accurate estimation of CO(2) storage capacity in deep saline aquifers practical only at the local and site-specific scales. This paper follows a previous one on issues and development of standards for CO(2) storage capacity estimation, and provides a clear set of definitions and methodologies for the assessment Of CO(2) storage capacity in geological media. Notwithstanding the defined methodologies suggested for estimating CO(2) storage capacity, major challenges lie ahead because of lack of data, particularly for coal beds and deep saline aquifers, lack of knowledge about the coefficients that reduce storage capacity from theoretical to effective and to practical, and lack of knowledge about the interplay between various trapping mechanisms at work in deep saline aquifers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bachu, Stefan] Alberta Energy & Util Board, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. [Bonijoly, Didier] BRGM CDG DIR 3, F-45060 Orleans 2, France. [Bradshaw, John] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Burruss, Robert] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Holloway, Sam] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England. [Christensen, Niels Peter] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, DK-1250 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Mathiassen, Odd Magne] Norwegian Petr Directorate, N-4003 Stavanger, Norway. RP Bachu, S (reprint author), Alberta Energy & Util Board, 4999-98th Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. EM Stefan.Bachu@gov.ab.ca RI meng, xin/G-3553-2011 NR 45 TC 295 Z9 313 U1 11 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD OCT PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 430 EP 443 DI 10.1016/S1750-5836(07)00086-2 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 309DM UT WOS:000256440900004 ER PT J AU Veran, S Gimenez, O Flint, E Kendall, WL Doherty, PF Lebreton, JD AF Veran, Sophie Gimenez, Olivier Flint, Elizabeth Kendall, William L. Doherty, Paul F., Jr. Lebreton, Jean-Dominique TI Quantifying the impact of longline fisheries on adult survival in the black-footed albatross SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE albatross; bycatch; capture heterogeneity; capture-recapture; compensation; covariates; exploited population; survival ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; WANDERING ALBATROSS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DIOMEDEA-EXULANS; BREEDING-SEASON; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LINE FISHERIES; PAIR-BOND; SEABIRD; MORTALITY AB 1. Industrial longline fishing has been suspected to impact upon black-footed albatross populations Phoebastria nigripes by increasing mortality, but no precise estimates of bycatch mortality are available to ascertain this statement. We present a general framework for quantifying the relationship between albatross population and longline fishing in absence of reliable estimates of bycatch rate. 2. We analysed capture-recapture data of a population of black-footed albatross to obtain estimates of survival probability for this population using several alternative models to adequately take into account heterogeneity in the recapture process. Instead of trying to estimate the number of birds killed by using various extrapolations and unchecked assumptions, we investigate the potential relationship between annual adult survival and several measures of fishing effort. Although we considered a large number of covariates, we used principal component analysis to generate a few uncorrelated synthetic variables from the set and thus we maintained both power and robustness. 3. The average survival for 1997-2002 was 92%, a low value compared to estimates available for other albatross species. We found that one of the synthetic variables used to summarize industrial longline fishing significantly explained more than 40% of the variation in adult survival over 11 years, suggesting an impact by longline fishing on albatross' survival. 4. Our analysis provides some evidence of non-linear variation in survival with fishing effort. This could indicate that below a certain level of fishing effort, deaths due to incidental catch can be partially or totally compensated for by a decrease in natural mortality. Another possible explanation is the existence of a strong interspecific competition for accessing the baits, reducing the risk of being accidentally hooked. 5. Synthesis and applications. The suspicion of a significant impact of longline fishing on the black-footed albatross population was supported by the combination of a low estimate of adult survival for the study period, and a significant relationship between adult survival and a synthetic measure of fishing effort. This study highlights the sensitivity of the black-footed albatross to commercial longline fishing, and should exhort fishery management authorities to find adequate seabirds avoidance methods and to encourage their employment. C1 CNRS, CEFE, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier, France. Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hawaiian & Pacific Islands NWR Complex, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Veran, S (reprint author), CNRS, CEFE, UMR 5175, 1919 route Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, France. EM veran@cefe.cnrs.fr RI Gimenez, Olivier/G-4281-2010; Gimenez, Olivier/A-6373-2010 NR 66 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 942 EP 952 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01346.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209YY UT WOS:000249425100005 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, GS Gutierrez, RJ Lahaye, WS AF Zimmerman, Guthrie S. Gutierrez, R. J. Lahaye, William S. TI Finite study areas and vital rates: sampling effects on estimates of spotted owl survival and population trends SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California spotted owl; capture-recapture models; emigration; limited study area size; multistate models; population dynamics; sample size; Strix occidentalis occidentalis; survival ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; NATAL DISPERSAL; MARKED ANIMALS; ECOLOGY; SCALE; GROWTH AB 1. Evaluating the status of endangered wildlife depends upon well-designed field studies. Finances and logistics often constrain field studies to finite (limited-sized) areas where inductive inferences are needed to extrapolate results to populations. Although available quantitative techniques for analysing data are robust to many aspects of field investigations, few investigators assess the influence of their study area size on estimators of population parameters and subsequent inferences derived from those estimators. 2. We used mark-recapture to monitor an entire population of spotted owls Strix occidentalis in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California (2140 km(2)) for which we knew the approximate true rate of survival. We defined hypothetical study areas of varying size by subsampling the population in increments of five territories; we then estimated apparent survival and emigration for non-juvenile and juvenile owls within each of these sample study areas to assess the influence of study area size on estimators of survival and population trends. 3. Estimated survival rates of juvenile spotted owls increased approximately fourfold from the smallest sample area to the largest ((phi) over cap (min) = 0.08, S (E) over cap = 0.03; (phi) over cap (max) = 0.33, S (E) over cap = 0.03). In contrast, estimates of apparent survival for non-juvenile owls did not vary with study area size (range (phi) over cap (non-juvenile) = 0.80-0.82, S (E) over cap = 0.01-0.03). 4. Juvenile emigration was extremely high in the smallest study area ((psi) over cap (juvenile) = 0.77, S (E) over cap = 0.09) and remained above 10% until > 62% of our study area (approximately 900 km(2)) was encompassed by a sample study area. Non-juvenile owls had low annual emigration probabilities from all sample study area sizes (range (psi) over cap (non-juvenile) = 0.00-0.02). 5. Although estimates of lambda (finite population growth rate) increased gradually from 0.828 to 0.903 as the subsample increased from 20 to 143 territories, these estimates were similar to the 'true' value. 6. Synthesis and applications. We provide direct estimates of the bias that sampling limited study areas has on emigration and mark-recapture estimators of survival. Our results demonstrate that permanent emigration from limited study areas can lead to underestimates of survival and population growth rates. In addition, our approach illustrates a technique for using multistate models to assess study design and estimator assumptions. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Zimmerman, GS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, 11510 American Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Guthrie_Zimmerman@fws.gov NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 963 EP 971 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01343.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209YY UT WOS:000249425100007 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, AD Martin, TE AF Chalfoun, Anna D. Martin, Thomas E. TI Assessments of habitat preferences and quality depend on spatial scale and metrics of fitness SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brewer's sparrow; food; habitat selection; landscape; nest patch; nest predation; shrub steppe; Spizella breweri; territory ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; HOST-PLANT SELECTION; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; LIFE-HISTORY; HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS; SHRUBSTEPPE SPARROWS; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEASONAL FECUNDITY; FOOD AVAILABILITY AB 1. Identifying the habitat features that influence habitat selection and enhance fitness is critical for effective management. Ecological theory predicts that habitat choices should be adaptive, such that fitness is enhanced in preferred habitats. However, studies often report mismatches between habitat preferences and fitness consequences across a wide variety of taxa based on a single spatial scale and/or a single fitness component. 2. We examined whether habitat preferences of a declining shrub steppe songbird, the Brewer's sparrow Spizella breweri, were adaptive when multiple reproductive fitness components and spatial scales (landscape, territory and nest patch) were considered. 3. We found that birds settled earlier and in higher densities, together suggesting preference, in landscapes with greater shrub cover and height. Yet nest success was not higher in these landscapes; nest success was primarily determined by nest predation rates. Thus landscape preferences did not match nest predation risk. Instead, nestling mass and the number of nesting attempts per pair increased in preferred landscapes, raising the possibility that landscapes were chosen on the basis of food availability rather than safe nest sites. 4. At smaller spatial scales (territory and nest patch), birds preferred different habitat features (i.e. density of potential nest shrubs) that reduced nest predation risk and allowed greater season-long reproductive success. 5. Synthesis and applications. Habitat preferences reflect the integration of multiple environmental factors across multiple spatial scales, and individuals may have more than one option for optimizing fitness via habitat selection strategies. Assessments of habitat quality for management prescriptions should ideally include analysis of diverse fitness consequences across multiple ecologically relevant spatial scales. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Chalfoun, AD (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM chalfouna@hotmail.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 74 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 12 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 983 EP 992 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01352.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209YY UT WOS:000249425100009 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, NE Edwards, TC Moisen, GG Frescino, TS Blackard, JA AF Zimmermann, N. E. Edwards, T. C. Moisen, G. G. Frescino, T. S. Blackard, J. A. TI Remote sensing-based predictors improve distribution models of rare, early successional and broadleaf tree species in Utah SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE core-satellite species hypothesis; K-fold cross-validation; Landsat TM; partial regression; predictive habitat distribution models; species traits; variation partitioning ID LAND-COVER DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CONTINUUM CONCEPT; GLOBAL CHANGE; ECOLOGY; VEGETATION; VARIABLES; ACCURACY AB 1. Compared to bioclimatic variables, remote sensing predictors are rarely used for predictive species modelling. When used, the predictors represent typically habitat classifications or filters rather than gradual spectral, surface or biophysical properties. Consequently, the full potential of remotely sensed predictors for modelling the spatial distribution of species remains unexplored. Here we analysed the partial contributions of remotely sensed and climatic predictor sets to explain and predict the distribution of 19 tree species in Utah. We also tested how these partial contributions were related to characteristics such as successional types or species traits. 2. We developed two spatial predictor sets of remotely sensed and topo-climatic variables to explain the distribution of tree species. We used variation partitioning techniques applied to generalized linear models to explore the combined and partial predictive powers of the two predictor sets. Non-parametric tests were used to explore the relationships between the partial model contributions of both predictor sets and species characteristics. 3. More than 60% of the variation explained by the models represented contributions by one of the two partial predictor sets alone, with topo-climatic variables outperforming the remotely sensed predictors. However, the partial models derived from only remotely sensed predictors still provided high model accuracies, indicating a significant correlation between climate and remote sensing variables. The overall accuracy of the models was high, but small sample sizes had a strong effect on cross-validated accuracies for rare species. 4. Models of early successional and broadleaf species benefited significantly more from adding remotely sensed predictors than did late seral and needleleaf species. The core-satellite species types differed significantly with respect to overall model accuracies. Models of satellite and urban species, both with low prevalence, benefited more from use of remotely sensed predictors than did the more frequent core species. 5. Synthesis and applications. If carefully prepared, remotely sensed variables are useful additional predictors for the spatial distribution of trees. Major improvements resulted for deciduous, early successional, satellite and rare species. The ability to improve model accuracy for species having markedly different life history strategies is a crucial step for assessing effects of global change. C1 Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL Land Use Dynam, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Zimmermann, NE (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL Land Use Dynam, Zuercherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM niklaus.zimmermann@wsl.ch RI Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008 OI Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604 NR 64 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1057 EP 1067 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01348.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209YY UT WOS:000249425100016 ER PT J AU Burger, J Gochfeld, M Powers, CW Kosson, DS Halverson, J Siekaniec, G Morkill, A Patrick, R Duffy, LK Barnes, D AF Burger, Joanna Gochfeld, Michael Powers, Charles W. Kosson, David S. Halverson, John Siekaniec, Gregory Morkill, Anne Patrick, Robert Duffy, Lawrence K. Barnes, David TI Scientific research, stakeholders, and policy: Continuing dialogue during research on radionuclides on Amchitka Island, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stakeholder inclusion; consensus-building; environmental planning; department of energy; amchitka; Alaska; underground nuclear testing; subsistence Aleuts; human health; marine ecosystem; biota; radionuclides; aleutians ID RISK PERCEPTION; PERCEIVED RISK; SCIENCE; WASTE; COMMUNICATION; MANAGEMENT; TRUST AB It is increasingly clear that a wide range of stakeholders should be included in the problem formulation phase of research aimed at solving environmental problems; indeed the inclusion of stakeholders at this stage has been formalized as an integral part of ecological risk assessment. In this paper, we advocate the additional inclusion of stakeholders in the refinement of research methods and protocols and in the execution of the research, rather than just at the final communication and reporting phase. We use a large study of potential radionuclide levels in marine biota around Amchitka Island as a case study. Amchitka Island, in the Aleutian Island Chain of Alaska, was the site of three underground nuclear tests (1965-197 1). The overall objective of the biological component of the study was to collect a range of marine biota for radionuclide analysis that Could provide data for assessing current food safety and provide a baseline for developing a plan to monitor human and ecosystem health in perpetuity. Stakeholders, including regulators (State of Alaska), resource trustees (US Fish and Wildlife Service, State of Alaska), representatives of the Aleut and Pribilof Island communities, the Department of Energy (DOE), and others, were essential for plan development. While these stakeholders were included in the initial problem formulation and approved science plan, we also included them in the refinement of protocols, selection of bioindicators, selection of a reference site, choice of methods of collection, and in the execution of the study itself. Meetings with stakeholders resulted in adding (or deleting) bioindicator species and tissues, prioritizing target species, refining sampling methods, and recruiting collection personnel. Some species were added because they were important subsistence foods for the Aleuts, and others were added because they were ecological equivalents to replace species deleted because of low population numbers. Two major refinements that changed the research thrust were (1) the inclusion of Aleut hunters and fishers on the biological expedition itself to ensure that subsistence foods and methods were represented, and (2) the addition of a fisheries biologist on a NOAA research trawler to allow sampling of commercial fishes. Although the original research design called for the collection of biota by Aleut subsistence fishermen, and by a commercial fishing boat, the research was modified with continued stakeholder input to actually include Aleuts and a fisheries biologist on the expeditions to ensure their representation. The inclusion of stakeholders during the development of protocols and the research itself improved the overall quality of the investigation, while making it more relevant to the interested and affected parties. Final responsibility for the design and execution of the research and radionuclide analysis rested with the researchers, but the process of stakeholder inclusion made the research more valuable as a source of credible information and for public policy decisions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CRESP, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, CRESP, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, CRESP, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Alaska Dept Environm Conservat Spill Prevent & Re, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. Aleutian Pribilof Isl Assoc, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. CRESP, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Gochfeld, M (reprint author), CRESP, Div Life Sci, 604 Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM burge@biology.rutgers.edu NR 43 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 232 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.10.005 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 205UF UT WOS:000249139400025 PM 17175094 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Matsumoto, R Paull, CK Ussler, W Lorenson, T Hart, P Winters, W AF Chen, Yifeng Matsumoto, Ryo Paull, Charles K. Ussler, William, III Lorenson, Thomas Hart, Patrick Winters, William TI Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from the northern Gulf of Mexico - MD02 cruise SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE methane-derived authigenic carbonates; Gulf of Mexico; high Mg-calcite; carbon and oxygen isotope; age of authigenic carbonates; dissociation of gas hydrates ID GAS HYDRATE; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; OXYGEN; DECOMPOSITION; SEDIMENTS; WATER AB Authigenic carbonates were sampled in piston cores collected from both the Tunica Mound and the Mississippi Canyon area on the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico during a Marion Dufresne cruise in July 2002. The carbonates are present as hardgrounds, porous crusts, concretions or nodules and shell fragments with or without carbonate cements. Carbonates occurred at gas venting sites which are likely to overlie gas hydrates bearing sediments. Electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thinsection investigations show that these carbonates are high-Mg calcite (6-21 Mol% MgCO3), with significant presence of framboidal pyrite. All carbonates are depleted in C-13 (delta C-13=-61.9 to -31.5 parts per thousand PDB) indicating that the carbon is derived mainly from anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO). Age estimates based on C-14 dating of shell fragments and on regional sedimentation rates indicate that these authigenic carbonates formed within the last 1000 yr in the Mississippi Canyon and within 5500 yr at the Tunica Mound. The oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates ranges from +3.4 to +5.9 parts per thousand PDB. Oxygen isotopic compositions and Mg2+ contents of carbonates, and present in-situ temperatures of bottom seawater/sediments, show that some of these carbonates, especially from a core associated with underlying massive gas hydrates precipitated in or near equilibrium with bottom-water. On the other hand, those carbonates more enriched in O-18 are interpreted to have precipitated from O-18-rich fluids which are thought to have been derived from the dissociation of gas hydrates. The dissociation of gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico within the last 5500 yr may be caused by nearby salt movement and related brines. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway, Leiv Eirikssons Vei 39, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM Yifeng.Chen@NGU.NO NR 35 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.05.011 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 234RG UT WOS:000251180800002 ER PT J AU Neubaum, MA Douglas, MR Douglas, ME O'Shea, TJ AF Neubaum, Melissa A. Douglas, Marlis R. Douglas, Michael E. O'Shea, Thomas J. TI Molecular ecology of the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus): Genetic and natural history variation in a hybrid zone SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE big brown bats; Eptesicus fuscus; hybridization; litter size; mitochondrial DNA; natural history; nuclear intron; pelage color ID NORTH-AMERICA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COLORADO; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; DIVERGENCE; QUATERNARY; DROSOPHILA; EVOLUTION AB Several geographically distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of the big brown bat (Eptesicus juscus) have been documented in North America. Individuals from 2 of these lineages, an eastern and a western form, co-occur within maternity colonies in Colorado. The discovery of 2 divergent mtDNA lineages in sympatry prompted a set of questions regarding possible biological differences between haplotypes. We captured big brown bats at maternity roosts in Colorado and recorded data on body size, pelage color, litter size, roosting and overwintering behaviors, and local distributions. Wing biopsies were collected for genetic analysis. The ND2 region of the mtDNA molecule was used to determine lineage of the bats. In addition, nuclear DNA (nDNA) intron I of the P-globin gene was used to determine if mtDNA lineages are hybridizing. Eastern and western mtDNA lineages differed by 10.3% sequence divergence and examination of genetic data suggests recent population expansion for both lineages. Differences in distribution occur along the Colorado Front Range, with an increasing proportion of western haplotypes farther south. Results from nDNA analyses demonstrated hybridization between the 2 lineages. Additionally, no outstanding distinctiveness was found between the mtDNA lineages in natural history characters examined. We speculate that historical climate changes separated this species into isolated eastern and western populations, and that secondary contact with subsequent interbreeding was facilitated by European settlement. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Fort Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Neubaum, MA (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM melissa.neubuam@aphis.usda.gov OI Douglas, Michael/0000-0001-9670-7825 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1230 EP 1238 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-228R1.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 222QI UT WOS:000250311600010 ER PT J AU Mcwilliams, CK Wintsch, RP Kunk, MJ AF Mcwilliams, C. K. Wintsch, R. P. Kunk, M. J. TI Scales of equilibrium and disequilibrium during cleavage formation in chlorite and biotite-grade phyllites, SE Vermont SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cleavage formation; crenulation cleavage; phyllosilicate crystal-chemistry; pressure-solution; Waits River Formation ID CRENULATION CLEAVAGE; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; FLUID-FLOW; SLATY CLEAVAGE; VOLUME CHANGE; MASS-TRANSFER; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; LEHIGH GAP; ROCKS; DEFORMATION AB Detailed electron microprobe analyses of phyllosilicates in crenulated phyllites from south-eastern Vermont show that grain-scale zoning is common, and sympathetic zoning in adjacent minerals is nearly universal. We interpret this to reflect a pressure-solution mechanism for cleavage development, where precipitation from a very small fluid reservoir fractionated that fluid. Multiple analyses along single muscovite, biotite and chlorite grains (30-200 mu m in length) show zoning patterns indicating Tschermakitic substitutions in muscovite and both Tschermakitic and di/trioctahedral substitutions in biotite and chlorite. Using cross-cutting relationships and mineral chemistry it is shown that these patterns persist in cleavages produced at metamorphic conditions of chlorite-grade, chlorite-grade overprinted by biotite-grade and biotite-grade. Zoning patterns are comparable in all three settings, requiring a similar cleavage-forming mechanism independent of metamorphic grade. Moreover, the use of Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology demonstrates this is true regardless of age. Furthermore, samples with chlorite-grade cleavages overprinted by biotite porphyroblasts suggest the closure temperatures for the diffusion of Al, Si, Mg and Fe ions are greater than the temperature of the biotite isograd (>similar to 400 degrees C). Parallel and smoothly fanning tie lines produced by coexisting muscovite-chlorite, and muscovite-biotite pairs on compositional diagrams demonstrate effectively instantaneous chemical equilibrium and probably indicate simultaneous crystallization. These results do not support theories suggesting cleavages form in fluid-dominated systems. If crenulation cleavages formed in systems in which the chemical potentials of all major components are fixed by an external reservoir, then the compositions of individual grains defining these cleavages would be uniform. On the contrary, the fine-scale chemical zoning observed probably reflects a grain-scale process consistent with a pressure-solution mechanism in which the aqueous activities of major components are defined by local dissolution and precipitation. Thus the role of fluids was probably limited to one of catalysing pressure-solution and fluids apparently did not drive cleavage development. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Mcwilliams, CK (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM ckmcwill@indiana.edu NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 25 IS 8 BP 895 EP 913 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00734.x PG 19 WC Geology SC Geology GA 215RH UT WOS:000249826200004 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT ten Have, J AF Chesser, R. Terry ten Have, Jose TI On the phylogenetic position of the scrub-birds (Passeriformes : Menurae : Atrichornithidae) of Australia SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atrichornis; Menurae; Passeriformes; phylogenetics; scrub-birds ID PASSERINE BIRDS; SEQUENCE DATA; GENE; CLASSIFICATION; AFFINITIES; LIMITS; RAG-1; MOS AB Evolutionary relationships of the scrub-birds Atrichornis were investigated using complete sequences of the recombination-activating gene RAG-1 and the proto-oncogene c-mos for two individuals of the noisy scrub-bird Atrichornis clamosus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Atrichornis was sister to the genus Menura (the lyrebirds) and that these two genera (the Menurae) were sister to the rest of the oscine passerines. A sister relationship between Atrichornis and Menura supports the traditional view, based on morphology and DNA hybridization, that these taxa are closely related. Similarly, a sister relationship with the remaining oscine passerines agrees with the morphological distinctiveness of Atrichornis and Menura, although this result contradicts conclusions based on DNA hybridization studies. Although Atrichornis is very well known morphologically, previous conclusions regarding its relationships were hampered by a lack of comparative knowledge of other passerines, making concurrence of the sequence data of particular significance. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20013 USA. CSIRO, Australian Natl Wildlife Collect, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Museum Natl Hist Nat, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chessert@si.edu NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 148 IS 4 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s10336-007-0174-9 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 214IK UT WOS:000249730900011 ER PT J AU Jonsson, JE Afton, AD Alisauskas, RT AF Jonsson, Jon Einar Afton, Alan D. Alisauskas, Ray T. TI Does body size influence nest attendance? A comparison of Ross's geese (Chen rossii) and the larger, sympatric lesser snow geese (C-caerulescens caerulescens) SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; endogenous reserves; geese; incubation; nest attendance ID INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; NORTHERN SHOVELERS; NUTRIENT RESERVES; ARCTIC FOX; PREDATION; CONSEQUENCES; BIOLOGY; EGGS AB The body-size hypothesis predicts that nest attendance is positively related to body size among waterfowl and that recess duration is inversely related to body size. Several physiological and behavioral characteristics of Ross's geese (Chen rossii) suggest that females of this species should maintain high nest attendance despite their relatively small body size. Accordingly, we used 8-mm films to compare the incubation behavior of Ross's geese to that of the larger, closely-related lesser snow geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter, snow geese) nesting sympatrically at Karrak lake, Nunavut, Canada in 1993. We found that nest attendance averaged 99% for both species. Our results offer no support for the body-size hypothesis. We suggest that temperature requirements of embryos in relation to short incubation duration and a low foraging efficiency of females select for high nest attendance in both snow geese and Ross's geese. C1 Univ Iceland, Snaefellsnes Res Ctr, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renew Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK 57N 0X4, Canada. RP Jonsson, JE (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Snaefellsnes Res Ctr, Hafnargata 3, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM joneinar@hi.is RI Jonsson, Jon Einar/K-7482-2015 OI Jonsson, Jon Einar/0000-0003-1198-786X NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 148 IS 4 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s10336-007-0169-6 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 214IK UT WOS:000249730900022 ER PT J AU Yansa, CH Dean, WE Murphy, EC AF Yansa, Catherine H. Dean, Walter E. Murphy, Edward C. TI Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of an ephemeral wetland in North Dakota, USA: relative interactions of ground-water hydrology and climate change SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; ground water; pollen; plant macrofossils; geochemistry; North Dakota ID GREAT-PLAINS; PICKEREL LAKE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; PRAIRIE POTHOLE; RECORD; VEGETATION; POLLEN; CANADA; PALEOHYDROLOGY; GEOCHEMISTRY AB This study of fossils (pollen, plant macrofossils, stomata and fish) and sediments (lithostratigraphy and geochemistry) from the Wendel site in North Dakota, USA, emphasizes the importance of considering ground-water hydrology when deciphering paleoclimate signals from lakes in postglacial landscapes. The Wendel site was a paleolake from about 11,500 C-14 yr BP to 11,100 C-14 yr BP. Afterwards, the lake-level lowered until it became a prairie marsh by 9,300 C-14 yr BP and finally, at 8,500 C-14 yr BP, an ephemeral wetland as it is today. Meanwhile, the vegetation changed from a white spruce parkland (11,500 to 10,500 C-14 yr BP) to deciduous parkland, followed by grassland at 9,300 C-14 yr BP. The pattern and timing of these aquatic and terrestrial changes are similar to coeval kettle lake records from adjacent uplands, providing a regional aridity signal. However, two local sources of ground water were identified from the fossil and geochemical data, which mediated atmospheric inputs to the Wendel basin. First, the paleolake received water from the melting of stagnant ice buried under local till for about 900 years after glacier recession. Later, Holocene droughts probably caused the lower-elevation Wendel site to capture the ground water of up-gradient lakes. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, MS 980 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. N Dakota Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND 58505 USA. RP Yansa, CH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM yansa@msu.edu NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 441 EP 457 DI 10.1007/s10933-006-9079-5 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 209RT UT WOS:000249406400008 ER PT J AU Reinitz, DM Yoshino, TP Cole, RA AF Reinitz, David M. Yoshino, Timothy P. Cole, Rebecca A. TI A Ribeiroia spp. (Class : Trematoda) - Specific PCR-based diagnostic SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; LIMB DEVELOPMENT; UNITED-STATES; MALFORMATIONS; INFECTION; DIGENEA; FROGS; EXPOSURE; GONE AB Increased reporting of amphibian malformations in North America has been noted with concern in light of reports that amphibian numbers and species are declining worldwide. Ribeiroia ondatrae has been shown to cause a variety of types of malformations in amphibians. However. little is known about the prevalence of R. ondatrae in North America. To aid in conducting field studies of Ribeiroia spp., we have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic. Herein, we describe the development of an accurate, rapid, simple, and cost-effective diagnostic for detection of Ribeiroia spp. infection in snails (Planorbella tr ivolvis). Candidate oligonucleoticle primers for PCR were designed via DNA sequence analyses of multiple ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-2 regions from Ribeiroia spp. and Echinostoma spp. Comparison of consensus sequences determined from both genera identified areas of sequence potentially unique to Ribeiroia spp. The PCR reliably produced a diagnostic 290-base pair (bp) product in the presence of a wide concentration range of snail or frog DNA. Sensitivity was examined with DNA extracted from single R. ondatrae cercaria. The single-tube PCR could routinely detect less than I cercariae equivalent. because DNA isolated from a single cercaria could be diluted at least 1:50 and still yield a positive result via gel electrophoresis. An even more sensitive nested PCR also was developed that routinely detected 100 fg, of the 290-bp fragment. The assay did not detect furcocercous cercariae of certain Schistosomatidae, Echinostoma sp., or Sphaeridiotrema globulus nor adults of Clinostomum sp. or Cyathocotyle busbushiensis. Field testing of 137 P. trivolvis identified 3 positives with no overt environmental cross-reactivity, and results concurred with microscopic examinations in all cases. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Cole, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM rebecca_cole@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1234 EP 1238 DI 10.1645/GE-3584RN.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 234TV UT WOS:000251187800039 PM 18163367 ER PT J AU Carlisle, DM Meador, MR AF Carlisle, Daren M. Meador, Michael R. TI A biological assessment of streams in the eastern united states using a predictive model for macroinvertebrate assemblages SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE rivers/streams; aquatic ecology; invertebrates; monitoring; bioassessment ID ECOSYSTEMS; FAUNA; BIOASSESSMENTS; INTEGRITY; COMMUNITY; RICHNESS; GRADIENT; QUALITY; IMPACT; LAKE AB A predictive model ( RIVPACS- type) for benthic macroinvertebrates was constructed to assess the biological condition of 1,087 streams sampled throughout the eastern United States from 1993- 2003 as part of the U. S. Geological Survey's National Water- Quality Assessment Program. A subset of 338 sites was designated as reference quality, 28 of which were withheld from model calibration and used to independently evaluate model precision and accuracy. The ratio of observed ( O) to expected ( E) taxa richness was used as a continuous measure of biological condition, and sites with O/ E values < 0.8 were classified as biologically degraded. Spatio-temporal variability of O/ E values was evaluated with repeated annual and within- site samples at reference sites. Values of O/ E were regressed on a measure of urbanization in three regions and compared among streams in different land- use settings. The model accurately predicted the expected taxa at validation sites with high precision ( SD = 0.11). Within- site spatial variability in O/ E values was much larger than annual and among- site variation at reference sites and was likely caused by environmental differences among sampled reaches. Values of O/ E were significantly correlated with basin road density in the Boston, Massachusetts ( p < 0.001), Birmingham, Alabama ( p = 0.002), and Green Bay, Wisconsin ( p = 0.034) metropolitan areas, but the strength of the relations varied among regions. Urban streams were more depleted of taxa than streams in other land- use settings, but larger networks of riparian forest appeared to mediate biological degradation. Taxa that occurred less frequently than predicted by the model were those known to be generally intolerant of a variety of anthropogenic stressors. C1 Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Carlisle, DM (reprint author), Natl Water Qual Assessment Program, US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA USA. EM dcarlisle@usgs.gov NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1194 EP 1207 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00097.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 210XI UT WOS:000249488500010 ER PT J AU Leicht-Young, SA Pavlovic, NB Grundel, R Frohnapple, KJ AF Leicht-Young, Stacey A. Pavlovic, Noel B. Grundel, Ralph Frohnapple, Krystalynn J. TI Distinguishing native (Celastrus scandens L.) and invasive (C orbiculatus Thunb.) bittersweet species using morphological characteristics SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE congeners; hierarchical partitioning; invasive species; lianas; morphology; morphometric analysis; native species AB Celastrus orbiculatus is an invasive liana in the Eastern United States. Its native congener, C. scandens, is less common and declining in the Northeast. The correct identification of these two species is often difficult because of their similar vegetative characteristics. Using morphological characteristics of both species growing naturally along a sand dune/forest ecotone, we built models for use in discriminating between the species, given a suite of leaf and fruit traits. We confirmed that the two species can be discriminated effectively using fruit characters, notably fruit volume and seed number. Several leaf traits, such as length-to-width ratio and leaf apex length can also discriminate between the species, but without the same predictive reliability of fruit traits. In addition, we determined that at leaf out in the spring the leaves of the two species were folded differently in the bud allowing them to be successfully discriminated in the early spring. Land managers could use this information to differentiate between the two species in the field and thereby control for the invasive C. orbiculatus, while preserving remaining populations of C. scandens. C1 [Leicht-Young, Stacey A.; Pavlovic, Noel B.; Grundel, Ralph; Frohnapple, Krystalynn J.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Leicht-Young, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM sleichtyoung@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 134 IS 4 BP 441 EP 450 DI 10.3159/07-RA-028.1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 265UU UT WOS:000253387600002 ER PT J AU Franklin, SP Troyer, JL Terwee, JA Lyren, LM Boyce, WM Riley, SPD Roelke, ME Crooks, KR VandeWoude, S AF Franklin, S. P. Troyer, J. L. Terwee, J. A. Lyren, L. M. Boyce, W. M. Riley, S. P. D. Roelke, M. E. Crooks, K. R. VandeWoude, S. TI Frequent transmission of immunodeficiency viruses among bobcats and pumas SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIONS PANTHERA-LEO; LENTIVIRUS INFECTION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; DOMESTIC CATS; AFRICAN LIONS; FELINE; WILD; PREVALENCE; DIVERGENCE AB With the exception of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which emerged in humans after cross-species transmissions of simian immunodeficiency viruses from nonhuman primates, immunodeficiency viruses of the family Lentiviridae represent species-specific viruses that rarely cross species barriers to infect new hosts. Among the Felidae, numerous immunodeficiency-like lentiviruses have been documented, but only a few cross-species transmissions have been recorded, and these have not been perpetuated in the recipient species. Lentivirus seroprevalence was determined for 79 bobcats (Lynx rufus) and 31 pumas (Puma concolor) from well-defined populations in Southern California. Partial genomic sequences were subsequently obtained from 18 and 12 seropositive bobcats and pumas, respectively. Genotypes were analyzed for phylogenic relatedness and genotypic composition among the study set and archived feline lentivirus sequences. This investigation of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in bobcats and pumas of Southern California provides evidence that cross-species infection has occurred frequently among these animals. The data suggest that transmission has occurred in multiple locations and are most consistent with the spread of the virus from bobcats to pumas. Although the ultimate causes remain unknown, these transmission events may occur as a result of puma predation on bobcats, a situation similar to that which fostered transmission of HIV to humans, and likely represent the emergence of a lentivirus with relaxed barriers to cross-species transmission. This unusual observation provides a valuable opportunity to evaluate the ecological, behavioral, and molecular conditions that favor repeated transmissions and persistence of lentivirus between species. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fis Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Santa Monica Mountains Natl Recreat Area, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. Frederick Inc, NCI, SAIC, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP VandeWoude, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM suev@lamar.colostate.edu RI Troyer, Jennifer/B-8415-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400, N01CO12400] NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 81 IS 20 BP 10961 EP 10969 DI 10.1128/JVI.00997-07 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 218MK UT WOS:000250019400013 PM 17670835 ER PT J AU Aruch, S Atkinson, CT Savage, AF LaPointe, DA AF Aruch, Samuel Atkinson, Carter T. Savage, Amy F. LaPointe, Dennis A. TI Prevalence and distribution of pox-like lesions, avian malaria, and mosquito vectors in Kipahulu Valley, Haleakala National Park, Hawai'i, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; avian pox; Avipoxvirus; Culex quinquefasciatus; habitat management; Plasmodium relictum ID SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES; PATHOGENICITY; AMAKIHI; FOREST; BIRDS; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; DISEASES AB We determined prevalence and altitudinal distribution of introduced avian malarial infections (Plasmodium relictum) and pox-like lesions (Avipoxvirus) in forest birds front K (i) over bar pahulu Valley, Haleakal (a) over bar National Park, on the island of Maui, and we identified primary larval habitat for the mosquito vector of this disease. This intensively managed wilderness area and scientific reserve is one of the most pristine areas of native forest remaining in the state of Hawaii, and it will become increasingly important as a site for restoration and recovery of endangered forest birds. Overall prevalence of malarial infections in the valley was 8% (11/133) in native sgecies and 4% (4/101) in normative passerines; prevalence was lower than reported or comparable elevations and habitats elsewhere in the state. Infections occurred primarily in 'Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and Hawaii 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) at elevations below 1,400 m. Pox-like lesions were detected in only two Hawaii 'Amakihi (2%; 2/94) at elevations below 950 m. We did not detect malaria or pox in birds caught at 1,400 in in tipper reaches of the valley. Adult mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus) were captured at four sites at elevations of 640, 760, 915, and 975 in, respectively. Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were found only in rock holes along intermittent tributaries of the two largest streams in the valley, but not in standing surface water, pig wallows, ground pools, tree cavities, and tree fern cavities. Mosquito populations in the valley are low, any they are probably influenced by periods of high rainfall that flush stream systems. C1 Pacific Island Ecosyst Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Res Discipline, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Puu Kukui Watershed Preserv, Lahaina, HI 96761 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Atkinson, CT (reprint author), Pacific Island Ecosyst Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Res Discipline, PO Box 44,Hawaii Natl Park, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. EM carter_atkinson@usas.gov OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 567 EP 575 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 232QL UT WOS:000251034100001 PM 17984251 ER PT J AU Franklin, SP Troyer, JL TerWee, JA Lyren, LM Kays, RW Riley, SPD Boyce, WM Crooks, KR Vandewoude, S AF Franklin, Samuel P. Troyer, Jennifer L. TerWee, Julie A. Lyren, Lisa M. Kays, Roland W. Riley, Seth P. D. Boyce, Walter M. Crooks, Kevin R. Vandewoude, Sue TI Variability in assays used for detection of lentiviral infection in bobcats (Lynx rufus), pumas (Puma concolor) and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bobcat; ELISA; FIV; immunoblot; lentivirus; ocelot; PCR; puma ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LIONS PANTHERA-LEO; DOMESTIC CATS; AFRICAN LIONS; WILD; FIV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; DIVERGENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB Although lentiviruses similar to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are known to infect numerous felid species, the relative utility of assays used for detecting lentiviral infection has not been compared for many of these hosts. We tested bobcats (Lynx rufus), pumas (Felis concolor), and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) for exposure to lentivirus using five different assays: puma lentivirus (PLV), African lion lentivirus (LLV), and domestic cat FIV-based immunoblots, a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Puma lentivirus immunoblots identified more seropositive individuals than the other antibody-detection assays. The commercial ELISA provided a fair ability to recognize seropositive samples when compared with PLV immunoblot for screening bobcats and ocelots, but not pumas. Polymerase chain reaction identified fewer positive samples than PLV immunoblot for all three species. Immunoblot results were equivalent whether the sample tested was serum, plasma, or whole blood. The results from this study and previous investigations suggest that the PLV immunoblot has the greatest ability to detect reactive samples when screening wild felids of North America and is unlikely to produce false positive results. However, the commercial ELISA kit may provide an adequate alternative for screening of some species and is more easily adapted to field conditions. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Albany, NY 12230 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. SAIC Frederick Inc, NCI Frederick, Lab Genom Diversity, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Franklin, SP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 1619 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sam17franklin@hotmail.com RI Troyer, Jennifer/B-8415-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 700 EP 710 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 232QL UT WOS:000251034100016 PM 17984266 ER PT J AU Piniak, GA AF Piniak, Gregory A. TI Effects of two sediment types on the fluorescence yield of two Hawaiian scleractinian corals SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment; PAM; Porites lobata; Montipora capitata ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; HEAVY-METALS; HERBICIDES; REJECTION; MOLOKAI; STRESS; DAMAGE; TERRESTRIAL AB This study used non-invasive pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry to measure the maximum fluorescence yield (F-v/F-m) of two Hawaiian scleractinian coral species exposed to short-term sedimentation stress. Beach sand or harbor mud was applied to coral fragments in a flow-through aquarium system for 0-45 h, and changes in F,,IF,,, were measured as a function of sediment type and length of exposure. Corals were monitored for up to 90 h to document recovery after sediment removal. Sediment deposition significantly decreased F-v/F-m in both species and was a function of sediment type and time. Corals that received sediment for 30 It or more had the greatest reduction in yield and exhibited little recovery over the course of the experiment. Harbor mud caused a greater reduction in Porites lobata yield than beach sand, whereas both sediment types had equally deleterious effects on Montipora capitata. Colony morphology and sediment type were important factors in determining yield reduction-P. lobata minimized damage from coarse sand grains by passive sediment rejection or accumulation in depressions in the skeleton, and fluorescence yield decreased most in corals exposed to sticky harbor mud or in colonies with flattened morphologies. Species-specific differences could not be tested due to differences in colony morphology and surface area. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Piniak, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM greg.piniak@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 64 IS 4 BP 456 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.04.001 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 213OO UT WOS:000249677200006 PM 17568664 ER PT J AU Wade, PR Burkanov, VN Dahlheim, ME Friday, NA Fritz, LW Loughlin, TR Mizroch, SA Muto, MM Rice, DW Barrett-Lennard, LG Black, NA Burdin, AM Calambokidis, J Cerchio, S Ford, JKB Jacobsen, JK Matkin, CO Matkin, DR Mehta, AV Small, RJ Straley, JM McCluskey, SM VanBlaricom, GR Clapham, PJ AF Wade, Paul R. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Dahlheim, Marilyn E. Friday, Nancy A. Fritz, Lowell W. Loughlin, Thomas R. Mizroch, Sally A. Muto, Marcia M. Rice, Dale W. Barrett-Lennard, Lance G. Black, Nancy A. Burdin, Alexander M. Calambokidis, John Cerchio, Sal Ford, John K. B. Jacobsen, Jeff K. Matkin, Craig O. Matkin, Dena R. Mehta, Amee V. Small, Robert J. Straley, Janice M. McCluskey, Shannon M. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Killer whales and marine mammal trends in the North Pacific - A re-examination of evidence for sequential megafauna collapse and the prey-switching hypothesis SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE North Pacific; killer whale; Steller sea lion; sea otter; harbor seal; fur seal; ecosystem; predation; whaling; population dynamics ID STELLER SEA LIONS; COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ORCINUS-ORCA; HARBOR SEALS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; TUGIDAK ISLAND; PUP PRODUCTION AB Springer et al. (2003) contend that sequential declines occurred in North Pacific populations of harbor and fur seals, Steller sea lions, and sea otters. They hypothesize that these were due to increased predation by killer whales, when industrial whaling's removal of large whales as a supposed primary food source precipitated a prey switch. Using a regional approach, we reexamined whale catch data, killer whale predation observations, and the current biomass and trends of potential prey, and found little support for the prey-switching hypothesis. Large whale biomass in the Bering Sea did not decline as much as suggested by Springer et al., and much of the reduction occurred 50-100 yr ago, well before the declines of pinnipeds and sea otters began; thus, the need to switch prey starting in the 1970s is doubtful. With the sole exception that the sea otter decline followed the decline of pinnipeds, the reported declines were not in fact sequential. Given this, it is unlikely that a sequential megafaunal collapse from whales to sea otters occurred. The spatial and temporal patterns of pinniped and sea otter population trends are more complex than Springer et al. suggest, and are often inconsistent with their hypothesis. Populations remained stable or increased in many areas, despite extensive historical whaling and high killer whale abundance. Furthermore, observed killer whale predation has largely involved pinnipeds and small cetaceans; there is little evidence that large whales were ever a major prey item in high latitudes. Small cetaceans (ignored by Springer et al.) were likely abundant throughout the period. Overall, we suggest that the Springer et al. hypothesis represents a misleading and simplistic view of events and trophic relationships within this complex marine ecosystem. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada. Monterey Bay Cetacean Project, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Alaska Sealife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. N Gulf Ocean Soc, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. Boston Univ, Marine Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wade, PR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.wade@noaa.gov RI Mizroch, Sally/M-6084-2016 OI Mizroch, Sally/0000-0002-1736-5909 NR 98 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 50 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 766 EP 802 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00093.x PG 37 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 219LQ UT WOS:000250087100003 ER PT J AU Domning, DP Thomason, J Corbett, DG AF Domning, Daryl P. Thomason, James Corbett, Debra G. TI Steller's sea cow in the Aleutian Islands SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BERING-SEA C1 Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Lab Evolut Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Domning, DP (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Lab Evolut Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM ddomning@howard.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 976 EP 983 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00153.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 219LQ UT WOS:000250087100014 ER PT J AU Rauzon, MJ Rice, D Bodkin, J Estes, JA AF Rauzon, Mark J. Rice, Dale Bodkin, James Estes, James A. TI Karl Walton Kenyon 1918-2007 - Memories SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Rauzon, MJ (reprint author), 4701 Edgewood Ave, Oakland, CA USA. EM mjrauz@aol.com NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1000 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00159.x PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 219LQ UT WOS:000250087100018 ER PT J AU Symstad, AJ Bynum, M AF Symstad, Amy J. Bynum, Michael TI Conservation value of mount rushmore national memorial's forest SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hills; forest management; mount rushmore national memorial; old-growth ponderosa pine; reference conditions ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; BLACK-HILLS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; FIRE; USA; DISTURBANCES; STANDS AB Justifying the maintenance of small natural areas requires understanding their contribution to the conservation of specific natural resources. Mount Rushmore National Memorial (MORU) is a small portion of the Black Hills of western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming. Because it has been protected from logging since the late 1930s, it may serve as an important part of the Black Hills forest as a whole. To understand this role, we investigated the extent and degree of logging activities in the memorial and compared the current structure of the MORU forest to that in the rest of the Black Hills today and before Euro-American settlement. Our results suggest that approximately 29% of the park has had no tree harvesting activity, 18% of the park has had only selective cutting of trees, and 66% (344 ha) of the park's area is covered by old-growth forest. Based on current estimates of similar forest in the remainder of the Black Hills, the forest at MORU constitutes the second-largest area of old-growth ponderosa pine forest in the Black Hills. Although the current structure of the forest does not appear to be outside the range of natural variability for this ecosystem, some components of the forest are near the edge of this range. Conservation of this important natural resource will most likely require more active management than has occurred in the past, but this management will require careful consideration because of the rarity of this resource in the region. C1 Wind Cave Natl Pk, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Black Hills Stn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Symstad, AJ (reprint author), Wind Cave Natl Pk, 26611 US Highway 385, Hot Springs, SD 57747 USA. EM asymstad@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOC PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD ST, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.3375/0885-8608(2007)27[293:CVOMRN]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 222JG UT WOS:000250291700002 ER PT J AU Henne, JP Romero, MM Carmichael, GJ AF Henne, James P. Romero, Matthew M. Carmichael, Gary J. TI Polyculture of endangered bonytails and razorback suckers in recirculated water SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SEABREAM DIPLODUS-PUNTAZZO; CYPRINUS-CARPIO L.; CHANNEL CATFISH; BLUE TILAPIA; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; MONOCULTURE; PERFORMANCE; TROUT; CAGES AB Bonytaits Gila elegans and razorback suckers Xyrauchen texanus are imperiled fish species that are endemic to the Colorado River system in the southwestern United States. Captive propagation is a component of the recovery plan for each species, which are sometimes cultured together indoors in water reuse systems. A 3 X 2 factorial design was selected for examining the co-culture of two bonytail size-classes with razorback suckers at three densities (0, 2, or 5 razorback suckers/tank) for 120 d. There were four replicates of the design. Tank cleaning effort, measured,is the number of required siphoning events per replicate (432-L tank), was significantly tower in tanks containing razorback suckers and bonytails (polyculture) relative to those without razorback suckers (monoculture). Survival was high, averaging 100% for razorback suckers and 96% for bonytails, but bonytail survival was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for small bonytails cultured with 2 razorback suckers/tank relative to all other treatments. Razorback sucker density did not significantly affect the relative growth rate, specific growth rate, or final size (total length and weight) of either bonytail size-class but did result in significantly greater growth rates and final weight for razorback suckers at 2 fish/tank than at 5 fish/tank. Relative and specific growth rates were significantly greater for small bonytails (0.90% and 0.59%, respectively) than for large bonytails (0.31% and 0.26%, respectively). Bonytail size did not significantly affect razorback sucker growth rate or final size. Polyculture of these two fishes can increase culture efficiency and reduce the need for siphoning waste from culture tanks, a labor-intensive practice that is potentially stressful to the fish. Co-culture of bonytails and razorback suckers in recirculated water is a beneficial husbandry practice available to resource managers. C1 Mora Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mora, NM 87732 USA. Doe Run Farms, Doe Run, MO 63637 USA. RP Henne, JP (reprint author), Unit Warm Springs Reg Fisheries Ctr, Bears Bluff Natl Fish Hatchery, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 69, Wadmalaw Island, SC 29487 USA. EM james_henne@fws.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 69 IS 4 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.1577/A06-041.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 232SV UT WOS:000251040600015 ER PT J AU Robbins, CT Fortin, JK Rode, KD Farley, SD Shipley, LA Felicetti, LA AF Robbins, Charles T. Fortin, Jennifer K. Rode, Karyn D. Farley, Sean D. Shipley, Lisa A. Felicetti, Laura A. TI Optimizing protein intake as a foraging strategy to maximize mass gain in an omnivore SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INTRODUCED TOURISM; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; ALASKAN BROWN BEARS; NUTRITIONAL-REQUIREMENTS; DIET OPTIMIZATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; GRIZZLY BEARS; SALMON; CONSTRAINTS; SELECTION AB Energy maximization, time minimization, and linear programming models subject to various constraints have dominated foraging ecology ideas and methods for decades. However, animals must use very complex physiological processes and foraging decisions to ensure fitness that in many cases may not be adequately described by these approaches. An example of this problem occurs when brown bears, Ursus arctos, have access to both abundant salmon and fruit. Salmon are one of the most energy and nutrient dense foods available to bears. Fruits are often high in soluble carbohydrates, low to deficient in many required nutrients, and more difficult to efficiently exploit. Therefore, wild brown bears that fatten primarily on fruits without access to salmon are 50% smaller than salmon-feeding bears. Thus, we predicted based on a linear, energy-maximizing model without dietary interaction effects that wild brown bears with access to both abundant salmon and fruit would feed almost exclusively on salmon. However, wild adult females with or without accompanying offspring foraged three times longer per day on fruit than on salmon. Similarly, the relative dry matter intake of ad libitum apples and salmon by captive, adult brown bears averaged 76 +/- 5% fruit and 24 +/- 5% salmon. Captive brown bears consuming mixed diets with intermediate dietary protein levels had 60% lower maintenance energy costs, 37% to 139% higher efficiencies of mass gain, and 72% to 520% higher maximum rates of gain than when they consumed either salmon or fruit alone. These relationships were nonlinear functions of dietary protein content in which salmon and fruit provided complementary nutritional resources. Both wild and captive bears attempted to regulate total protein, energy, and carbohydrate intake within a multidimensional intake target that both maximized energy intake and mass gain. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Robbins, CT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ctrobbins@wsu.edu RI Jansen, Heiko/A-5770-2008; OI Rode, Karyn/0000-0002-3328-8202 NR 41 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 2007 VL 116 IS 10 BP 1675 EP 1682 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16140.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210ZC UT WOS:000249493100008 ER PT J AU Simcharoen, S Pattanavibool, A Karanth, KU Nichols, JD Kumar, NS AF Simcharoen, Saksit Pattanavibool, Anak Karanth, K. Ullas Nichols, James D. Kumar, N. Samba TI How many tigers Panthera tigris are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE camera traps; capture-recapture models; Panthera tigris; population estimation; Thailand; tiger ID STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; TROPICAL FOREST; POPULATION; DENSITIES; INDIA; ABUNDANCE; ANIMALS; MAMMALS; SIZE; PREY AB We used capture-recapture analyses to estimate the density of a tiger Panthera tigris population in the tropical forests of Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary; Thailand, from photographic capture histories of 15 distinct individuals. The closure test results (z = 0.39, P = 0.65) provided some evidence in support of the demographic closure assumption. Fit of eight plausible closed models to the data indicated more support for model M-h, which incorporates individual heterogeneity in capture probabilities. This model generated an average capture probability (p) over cap = 0.42 and an abundance estimate of (N) over cap((SE) over cap[(A) over cap (W)]) = 19 (9.65) tigers. The sampled area of (A) over cap (W)((SE) over cap[(A) over cap (W)]) = 477.2 (58.24) km(2) yielded a density estimate of (D) over cap((SE) over cap[(D) over cap]) = 3.98 (0.51) tigers per 100 km(2). Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary could therefore hold 113 tigers and the entire Western Forest Complex c. 720 tigers. Although based on field protocols that constrained us to use sub-optimal analyses, this estimated tiger density is comparable to tiger densities in Indian reserves that support moderate prey abundances. However, tiger densities in well-protected Indian reserves with high prey abundances are three times higher. If given adequate protection we believe that the Western Forest Complex of Thailand could potentially harbour > 2,000 wild tigers, highlighting its importance for global tiger conservation. The monitoring approaches we recommend here would be useful for managing this tiger population. C1 [Karanth, K. Ullas; Kumar, N. Samba] Ctr Wildlife Studies, Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. [Simcharoen, Saksit] Dept Natl Pk Plant & Wildlife Conservat, Wildlife Res Div, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Pattanavibool, Anak] Wildlife Conservat Soc Thailand Program, Bangkok 10210, Thailand. [Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), Ctr Wildlife Studies, Wildlife Conservat Soc India Program, 26-2,Aga Abbas Ali Rd Apt 430, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. EM ukaranth@wcs.org NR 39 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 EI 1365-3008 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1017/S0030605307414107 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250JG UT WOS:000252295300013 ER PT J AU Trail, PW AF Trail, Pepper W. TI African hornbills: keystone species threatened by habitat loss, hunting and international trade SO OSTRICH LA English DT Article ID CERATOGYMNA HORNBILLS; SEED DISPERSAL; BUSHMEAT; FOREST; CAMEROON; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; MAMMALS AB Africa is home to 23 of the world's 54 hombill species, including the largest members of the family, the ground hombills. None of Africa's hombills are currently considered to be at significant risk of extinction by IUCN, and none are listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). However, there is evidence for serious declines of African forest hombills due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and to unsustainable exploitation for bushmeat. In addition, this paper documents a previously unreported international trade involving importation of African hombills and their parts into the United States. In the absence of CITES reporting requirements, it is difficult to estimate the magnitude of this trade, but it appears to represent an additional threat to African hornbills, particularly large forest-dwelling species of the genera Bycanistes and Ceratogymna. Given this international trade, and other known threats to African forest-dwelling hombills, the status of these species is in urgent need of review. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Trail, PW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish & Wildlife Forens Lab, 1490 E Main St, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM pepper_trail@fws.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 25 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0030-6525 J9 OSTRICH JI Ostrich PD OCT PY 2007 VL 78 IS 3 BP 609 EP 613 DI 10.2989/OSTRICH.2007.78.3.7.318 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 236MK UT WOS:000251306900008 ER PT J AU Christy, MT Clark, CS Gee, DE Vice, D Vice, DS Warner, MP Tyrrell, CL Rodda, GH Savidge, FA AF Christy, Michelle T. Clark, Craig S. Gee, David E., II Vice, Diane Vice, Daniel S. Warner, Mitchell P. Tyrrell, Claudine L. Rodda, Gordon H. Savidge, Fulie A. TI Recent records of alien anurans on the Pacific Island of Guam SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RANA-LIMNOCHARIS AMPHIBIA; EAST-ASIAN POPULATIONS; BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; INTRODUCED SNAKE; RICE FROG; EXTINCTION; PREDATOR; FOREST; AUSTRALIA; EVOLUTION AB Eight anuran species were recorded for the first time in Guam in the period May 2003-December 2005, all apparently the result of arrivals to the island since 2000. Three of the eight species (Rana guentheri, Polypedates megacephalus, and Eleutherodactylus planirostris) had well-established breeding populations by 2005. A further three (Fejervarya cf. lininocharis, Fejervarya cancrivora, and Microhyla pulchra) were recorded from a number of individuals, but it is not known whether these species have established breeding populations. Two species (Kaloula pulchra and Eleurherodactylus coqui) appear to be incidental transportations to the island that have not established. Before 2003, five anuran species, all introductions, had been recorded from Guam. Three of these, Polypedates leucomystax, Pseudacris regilla, and Kaloula picta, were detected on Guam in incoming cargo but destroyed. Two species established: Bufo marinus was deliberately introduced and the Australian hylid Litoria fallax was probably an accidental introduction. Successful establishment of anurans on Guam has increased the risk of frog introductions to nearby islands. By providing additional food sources for the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis), anuran introductions have increased the chance that B. irregularis might substantially increase in numbers and in turn increase the risk of the snake being accidentally transported to other islands. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Barrigada Heights, GU 96913 USA. Guam Dept Agr, Div Aquat & Wildlife Resources, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Christy, MT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM shell@lamar.colostate.edu NR 73 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 469 EP 483 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[469:RROAAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 201NT UT WOS:000248839700003 ER PT J AU Munroe, JS Doolittle, JA Kanevskiy, MZ Hinkel, KM Nelson, FE Jones, BM Shur, Y Kimble, JM AF Munroe, Jeffrey S. Doolittle, Jim A. Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z. Hinkel, Kenneth M. Nelson, Frederick E. Jones, Benjamin M. Shur, Yuri Kimble, John M. TI Application of ground-penetrating radar imagery for three-dimensional visualisation of near-surface structures in ice-rich permafrost, Barrow, Alaska SO PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; ground-penetrating radar; ice-wedge polygons; permafrost ID THAW LAKE BASINS; 3-D FLUID PERMEABILITY; ARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES; GEORADAR; CANADA; TUNDRA; LAYER AB Three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar (3D GPR) was used to investigate the subsurface structure of ice-wedge polygons and other features of the frozen active layer and near-surface permafrost near Barrow, Alaska. Surveys were conducted at three sites located on landscapes of different geomorphic age. At each site, sediment cores were collected and characterised to aid interpretation of GPR data. At two sites, 3D GPR was able to delineate subsurface ice-wedge networks with high fidelity. Three-dimensional GPR data also revealed a fundamental difference in ice-wedge morphology between these two sites that is consistent with differences in landscape age. At a third site, the combination of two-dimensional and 3D GPR revealed the location of an active frost boil with ataxitic cryostructure. When supplemented by analysis of soil cores, 3D GPR offers considerable potential for imaging, interpreting and 3D mapping of near-surface soil and ice structures in permafrost environments. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Munroe, Jeffrey S.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Doolittle, Jim A.] USDA, NRCS, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.; Shur, Yuri] Univ Alaska, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Hinkel, Kenneth M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Nelson, Frederick E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, UD Permafrost Grp, Newark, DE USA. [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Kimble, John M.] USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Munroe, JS (reprint author), Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. EM jmunroe@middlebury.edu NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1045-6740 J9 PERMAFROST PERIGLAC JI Permafrost Periglacial Process. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 18 IS 4 BP 309 EP 321 DI 10.1002/ppp.594 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 246WX UT WOS:000252040100001 ER PT J AU Fischbach, AS Amstrup, SC Douglas, DC AF Fischbach, A. S. Amstrup, S. C. Douglas, D. C. TI Landward and eastward shift of Alaskan polar bear denning associated with recent sea ice changes SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Beaufort Sea; denning; distribution; climate change; polar bear; satellite telemetry; sea ice; Ursus maritimus ID BEAUFORT SEA; ARCTIC-OCEAN; MORTALITY; CLIMATE AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the northern Alaska region den in coastal areas and on offshore drifting ice. We evaluated changes in the distribution of polar bear maternal dens between 1985 and 2005, using satellite telemetry. We determined the distribution of maternal dens occupied by 89 satellite collared female polar bears between 137 degrees W and 167 degrees W longitude. The proportion of dens on pack ice declined from 62% in 1985-1994 to 37% in 1998-2004 (P = 0.044) and among pack ice dens fewer occurred in the western Beaufort Sea after 1998. We evaluated whether hunting, attraction to bowhead whale remains, or changes in sea ice could explain changes in den distribution. We concluded that denning distribution changed in response to reductions in stable old ice, increases in unconsolidated ice, and lengthening of the melt season. In consort, these changes have likely reduced the availability and quality of pack ice denning habitat. Further declines in sea ice availability are predicted. Therefore, we expect the proportion of polar bears denning in coastal areas will continue to increase, until such time as the autumn ice retreats far enough from shore that it precludes offshore pregnant females from reaching the Alaska coast in advance of denning. C1 USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Fischbach, AS (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, 4230 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM afischbach@usgs.gov; samstrup@usgs.gov; ddouglas@usgs.gov RI Fischbach, Anthony/E-7166-2010 OI Fischbach, Anthony/0000-0002-6555-865X NR 45 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1395 EP 1405 DI 10.1007/s00300-007-0300-4 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 208GC UT WOS:000249306800004 ER PT J AU Markon, C AF Markon, Carl TI The 9th circumpolar remote sensing symposium SO POLAR RECORD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Markon, C (reprint author), USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0032-2474 J9 POLAR REC JI POLAR REC. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 227 BP 289 EP 289 DI 10.1017/S0032247407006912 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 226PQ UT WOS:000250601400001 ER PT J AU Bourgeau-Chavez, LL Garwood, G Riordan, K Cella, B Alden, S Kwart, M Murphy, K AF Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L. Garwood, Gordon Riordan, Kevin Cella, Brad Alden, Sharon Kwart, Mary Murphy, Karen TI Improving the prediction of wildfire potential in boreal Alaska with satellite imaging radar SO POLAR RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Circumpolar Remote Sensing Symposium CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Seward, AK AB Alaska currently relies on the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System for the assessment of the potential for wildfire and although it provides invaluable information it is designed as a single system that does not account for the varied fuel types and drying conditions (day length, permafrost, decomposition rate, and soil type) that occur across the North American boreal forest. The FWI System is completely weather-based using noontime measurements of precipitation, relative humidity, temperature and wind speed. The most common problem observed with the FWI system is in the initialisation and need for calibration of one of the moisture codes that make up the FWI system, the Drought Code (DC), which is representative of the deeper organic soil layers and has a 53 day lag period. SAR data represent an innovative tool to improve the current weather-based fire danger system of interior Alaska by initialising the spring values of DC, calibrating the codes throughout the season and providing additional point-source data. Using radar backscatter values from several recently burned boreal forests, an algorithm was developed that related backscatter to DC. The authors then demonstrated the application and validation of this algorithm at independent test sites with good correlation to in situ soil moisture and rainfall variations. C1 Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Gen Dynam Adv Inforamt Syst, Michigan Res & Dev Ctr, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bourgeau-Chavez, LL (reprint author), Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Ct Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0032-2474 J9 POLAR REC JI POLAR REC. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 43 IS 227 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1017/S0032247407006535 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 226PQ UT WOS:000250601400005 ER PT J AU Rashid, H Flower, BP Poore, RZ Quinn, TM AF Rashid, H. Flower, B. P. Poore, R. Z. Quinn, T. M. TI A similar to 25 ka Indian Ocean monsoon variability record from the Andaman Sea SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; EAST-ASIAN MONSOON; ARABIAN SEA; SUMMER MONSOON; DEEP-OCEAN; SURFACE TEMPERATURES AB Recent paleoclimatic work on terrestrial and marine deposits from Asia and the Indian Ocean has indicated abrupt changes in the strength of the Asian monsoon during the last deglaciation. Comparison of marine paleoclimate records that track salinity changes from Asian rivers can help evaluate the coherence of the Indian Ocean monsoon (IOM) with the larger Asian monsoon. Here we present paired Mg/Ca and delta O-18 data on the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (white) from Andaman Sea core RC12-344 that provide records of sea-surface temperature (SST) and delta O-18 of seawater (delta(18)Osw) over the past 25,000 years (ka) before present (BP). Age control is based on nine accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates on mixed planktic foraminifera. Mg/Ca-SST data indicate that SST was similar to 3 degrees C cooler during the last glacial maximum (LGM) than the late Holocene. Andaman Sea delta O-18(sw) exhibited higher than present values during the Lateglacial interval ca 19-15 ka BP and briefly during the Younger Dryas ca 12 ka BP. Lower than present delta O-18(sw) values during the Bolling/Allerod ca 14.5-12.6 ka BP and during the early Holocene ca 10.8-5.5 ka BP are interpreted to indicate lower salinity, reflect some combination of decreased evaporation-precipitation (E-P) over the Andaman Sea and increased Irrawaddy River outflow. Our results are consistent with the suggestion that IOM intensity was stronger than present during the Bolling/Allerod and early Holocene, and weaker during the late glaciation, Younger Dryas, and the late Holocene. These findings support the hypothesis that rapid climate change during the last deglaciation and Holocene included substantial hydrologic changes in the IOM system that were coherent with the larger Asian monsoon. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rashid, H.; Flower, B. P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Poore, R. Z.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Quinn, T. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Rashid, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM hrashid@marine.usf.edu RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008 NR 93 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 19-21 BP 2586 EP 2597 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.07.002 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 245GB UT WOS:000251922000017 ER PT J AU Costanzo, SD Watkinson, AJ Murby, EJ Kolpin, DW Sandstrom, MW AF Costanzo, S. D. Watkinson, A. J. Murby, E. J. Kolpin, D. W. Sandstrom, M. W. TI Is there a risk associated with the insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) commonly found in aquatic environments? SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE DEET; diethyl toluamide; emerging pollutants; water; toxicity; environment; risk ID WASTE-WATER CONTAMINANTS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; PHARMACEUTICALS; METABOLITES; N,N-DIETHYL-META-TOLUAMIDE; PERMETHRIN; TOXICITY; CAFFEINE; STREAMS; DRUGS AB DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is the active ingredient of most commercial insect repellents. This compound has commonly been detected in aquatic water samples from around the world indicating that DEET is both mobile and persistent, despite earlier assumptions that DEET was unlikely to enter aquatic ecosystems. DEET's registration category does not require an ecological risk assessment, thus information on the ecological toxicity of DEET is sparse. This paper reviews the presence of DEET in aqueous samples from around the world (e.g. drinking water, streams, open seawater, groundwater and treated effluent) with reported DEET concentrations ranging from 40-3000 ng L-1. In addition, new DEET data collected from 36 sites in coastal waterways from eastern Australia (detections ranging from 8 to 1500 ng L-1) are examined. A summary of new and existing toxicity data are discussed with an emphasis on preparing a preliminary risk assessment for DEET in the aquatic environment. Collated information on DEET in the aquatic environment suggests risk to aquatic biota at observed environmental concentrations is minimal. However, the information available was not sufficient to conduct a full risk assessment due to data deficiencies in source characterisation, transport mechanisms, fate, and ecotoxicity studies. These risks warrant further investigation due to the high frequency that this organic contaminant is detected in aquatic environments around the world. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Queensland, Nat Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Brisbane, Qld 4108, Australia. Natl Measurement Inst, Sydney, NSW 2073, Australia. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Costanzo, SD (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Nat Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Brisbane, Qld 4108, Australia. EM s.costanzo@uq.edu.au RI Murby, John/E-2788-2013; Sandstrom, Mark/D-5969-2013; Costanzo, Simon/A-2002-2016; OI Costanzo, Simon/0000-0001-6478-0374; Sandstrom, Mark/0000-0003-0006-5675 NR 41 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 384 IS 1-3 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.036 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219DA UT WOS:000250063700018 PM 17659764 ER PT J AU Gammons, CH Grant, TM Nimick, DA Parker, SR DeGrandpre, MD AF Gammons, Chnistopher H. Grant, Tracy M. Nimick, David A. Parker, Stephen R. DeGrandpre, Mike D. TI Diel changes in water chemistry in an arsenic-rich stream and treatment-pond system SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE geochemistry; diel; diurnal; adsorption; superfund; Clark Fork River; Montana; manganese; arsenic; heavy metals ID ACID ROCK DRAINAGE; CLARK-FORK-RIVER; MOUNTAIN STREAM; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; MONTANA; PRECIPITATION; CALCITE; MANGANESE AB Arsenic concentrations are elevated in surface waters of the Warm Springs Ponds Operable Unit (WSPOU), located at the head of the upper Clark Fork River Superfund site, Montana, USA. Arsenic is derived from historical deposition of smelter emissions (Mill and Willow Creeks) and historical mining and milling wastes (Silver Bow Creek). Although long-term monitoring has characterized the general seasonal and flow-related trends in As concentrations in these streams and the pond system used to treat Silver Bow Creek water, little is known about solubility controls and sorption processes that influence diel cycles in As concentrations. Diel (24-h) sampling was conducted in July 2004 and August 2005 at the outlet of the treatment ponds, at two locations along a nearby reconstructed stream channel that diverts tributary water around the ponds, and at Silver Bow Creek 2 km below the ponds. Dissolved As concentration increased up to 51% during the day at most of the stream sites, whereas little or no diel change was displayed at the treatment-pond outlet. The strong cycle in streams is explained by pH- and temperature-dependent sorption of As onto hydrous metal oxides or biofilms on the streambed. Concentrations of dissolved Ca2+ and HCO3- at the stream sites showed a diel temporal pattern opposite to that of As, and geochemical modeling supports the hypothesis that the concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3- were controlled by precipitation of calcite during the warm afternoon hours when pH rose above 9.0. Nightly increases in dissolved Mn and Fe(II) concentrations were out of phase with concentrations of other divalent cations and are more likely explained by redox phenomena. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT 59701 USA. US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Gammons, CH (reprint author), Montana Tech Univ Montana, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM cgammons@mtech.edu OI Nimick, David/0000-0002-8532-9192 NR 53 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 384 IS 1-3 BP 433 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.029 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219DA UT WOS:000250063700037 PM 17662373 ER PT J AU Ackerman, JT Eagles-Smith, CA Takekawa, JY Demers, SA Adelsbach, TL Bluso, JD Miles, AK Warnock, N Suchanek, TH Schwarzbach, SE AF Ackerman, Joshua T. Eagles-Smith, Collin A. Takekawa, John Y. Demers, Scott A. Adelsbach, Terrence L. Bluso, Jill D. Miles, A. Keith Warnock, Nils Suchanek, Thomas H. Schwarzbach, Steven E. TI Mercury concentrations and space use of pre-breeding American avocets and black-necked stilts in San Francisco Bay SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE avocets; blood; mercury; telemetry; San Francisco Bay; stilts ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GULLS LARUS-ARGENTATUS; WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; NOCTURNAL BEHAVIOR; GAVIA-IMMER; HEAVY-METAL; CALIFORNIA; SANDPIPERS; FEATHERS; SELENIUM AB We examined factors influencing mercury concentrations in pre-breeding American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), the two most abundant breeding shorebirds in San Francisco Bay, California. We tested the effects of species, site, sex, year, and date on total mercury concentrations in blood of pre-breeding adult birds and used radio telemetry to determine space use and sites of dietary mercury exposure. We collected blood from 373 avocets and 157 stilts from February to April in 2005 and 2006, radio-marked and tracked 115 avocets and 94 stilts, and obtained 2393 avocet and 1928 stilt telemetry locations. Capture site was the most important factor influencing mercury concentrations in birds, followed by species and sex. Mercury concentrations were higher in stilts (geometric mean: 1.09 mu g g(-1) wet weight [ww]) than in avocets (0.25 mu g g(-1) ww) and males (stilts: 1.32 mu g g(-1) ww; avocets: 0.32 mu g g(-1) ww) had higher levels than females (stilts: 1.15 mu g g(-1) ww; avocets: 0.21 mu g g(-1) ww). Mercury concentrations were highest for both species at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, especially in salt pond A8 (stilts: 3.31 mu g g(-1) ww; avocets: 0.58 mu g g(-1) ww). Radio telemetry data showed that birds had strong fidelity to their capture site. Avocets primarily used salt ponds, tidal marshes, tidal flats, and managed marshes, whereas stilts mainly used salt ponds, managed marshes, and tidal marshes. Our results suggest that variation in blood mercury concentrations among sites was attributed to differences in foraging areas, and species differences in habitat use and foraging strategies may increase mercury exposure in stilts more than avocets. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Ackerman, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jackerman@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 384 IS 1-3 BP 452 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.04.027 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219DA UT WOS:000250063700038 PM 17590414 ER PT J AU Fulkerson, M Nnadi, FN Chasar, LS AF Fulkerson, Mark Nnadi, Fidelia N. Chasar, Lia S. TI Characterizing dry deposition of mercury in urban runoff SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE dry deposition; mercury; partitioning; stormwater; urban runoff ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; STORMWATER RUNOFF; METROPOLITAN-AREA; WATER; METALS; QUALITY; NETWORK; FLORIDA AB Stormwater runoff from urban surfaces often contains elevated levels of toxic metals. When discharged directly into water bodies, these pollutants degrade water quality and impact aquatic life and human health. In this study, the composition of impervious surface runoff and associated rainfall was investigated for several storm events at an urban site in Orlando, Florida. Total mercury in runoff consisted of 58% particulate and 42% filtered forms. Concentration comparisons at the start and end of runoff events indicate that about 85% of particulate total mercury and 93% of particulate methylmercury were removed from the surface before runoff ended. Filtered mercury concentrations showed less than 50% reduction of both total and methylmercury from first flush to final flush. Direct comparison between rainfall and runoff at this urban site indicates dry deposition accounted for 22% of total inorganic mercury in runoff. C1 Dept Resources Management, SW Florida Water Management Dist, Engn Sect, Brooksville, FL 34604 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32816 USA. RP Fulkerson, M (reprint author), Dept Resources Management, SW Florida Water Management Dist, Engn Sect, 2379 Broad St, Brooksville, FL 34604 USA. EM mark.fulkerson@swfwmd.state.fl.us NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 185 IS 1-4 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11270-007-9396-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 212ZN UT WOS:000249635700003 ER PT J AU Callegary, JB Leenhouts, JM Paretti, NV Jones, CA AF Callegary, James B. Leenhouts, James M. Paretti, Nicholas V. Jones, Christopher A. TI Rapid estimation of recharge potential in ephemeral-stream channels using electromagnetic methods, and measurements of channel and vegetation characteristics SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE recharge potential; ephemeral-stream channel; apparent electrical conductivity; evapotranspiration; channel geometry; electromagnetic induction ID MODELING ANALYSIS; SOIL-WATER; DESERT; FLOW; BASIN; TRANSPIRATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; PATTERNS; MESQUITE; TREES AB To classify recharge potential (RCP) in ephemeral- stream channels, a method was developed that incorporates information about channel geometry, vegetation characteristics, and bed-sediment apparent electrical conductivity (a,,). Recharge potential is not independently measurable, but is instead formulated as a site-specific, qualitative parameter. We used data from 259 transects across two ephemeral-stream channels near Sierra Vista, Arizona, a location with a semiarid climate. Seven data types were collected: a. averaged over two depth intervals (0-3 m, and 0-6 m), channel incision depth and width, diameter-at-breast- height of the largest tree, woody-plant and grass density. A two-tiered system was used to classify a transect's RCP. In the first tier, transects were categorized by estimates of near-surface-sediment hydraulic permeability as low, moderate, or high using measurements of 0-3 m-depth sigma(a). Each of these categories was subdivided into low, medium, or high RCP classes using the remaining six data types, thus yielding a total of nine RCP designations. Six sites in the study area were used to compare RCP and sigma(a) with previously measured surrogates for hydraulic permeability. Borehole-averaged percent fines showed a moderate correlation with both shallow and deep sigma(a) measurements, however, correlation of point measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity, percent fines, and cylinder infiltrometer measurements with sigma(a) and RCP was generally poor. The poor correlation was probably caused by the relatively large measurement volume and spatial averaging Of sigma(a) compared with the spatially- Limited point measurements. Because of the comparatively large spatial extent of measurement transects and variety of data types collected, RCP estimates can give a more complete picture of the major factors affecting recharge at a site than is possible through point or borehole-averaged estimates of hydraulic permeability atone. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Callegary, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jcallega@usgs.gov OI Callegary, James/0000-0003-3604-0517 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 30 PY 2007 VL 344 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.06.028 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 218PE UT WOS:000250026600002 ER PT J AU Nettle, D Grace, JB Choisy, M Cornell, HV Guegan, JF Hochberg, ME AF Nettle, Daniel Grace, James B. Choisy, Marc Cornell, Howard V. Guegan, Jean-Francois Hochberg, Michael E. TI Cultural Diversity, Economic Development and Societal Instability SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Background. Social scientists have suggested that cultural diversity in a nation leads to societal instability. However, societal instability may be affected not only by within-nation or alpha diversity, but also diversity between a nation and its neighbours or beta diversity. It is also necessary to distinguish different domains of diversity, namely linguistic, ethnic and religious, and to distinguish between the direct effects of diversity on societal instability, and effects that are mediated by economic conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings. We assembled a large cross-national dataset with information on alpha and beta cultural diversity, economic conditions, and indices of societal instability. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of cultural diversity on economics and societal stability. Results show that different types and domains of diversity have interacting effects. As previously documented, linguistic alpha diversity has a negative effect on economic performance, and we show that it is largely through this economic mechanism that it affects societal instability. For beta diversity, the higher the linguistic diversity among nations in a region, the less stable the nation. But, religious beta diversity has the opposite effect, reducing instability, particularly in the presence of high linguistic diversity. Conclusions. Within-nation linguistic diversity is associated with reduced economic performance, which, in turn, increases societal instability. Nations which differ linguistically from their neighbors are also less stable. However, religious diversity between neighboring nations has the opposite effect, decreasing societal instability. C1 [Nettle, Daniel] Newcastle Univ, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA USA. [Choisy, Marc] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Choisy, Marc; Guegan, Jean-Francois] IRD CNRS, UMR 2724, Montpellier, France. [Cornell, Howard V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hochberg, Michael E.] Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5554, Inst Sci Evolut, Montpellier, France. [Hochberg, Michael E.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Hochberg, Michael E.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Nettle, D (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Ctr Behav & Evolut, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. EM daniel.nettle@ncl.ac.uk RI Nettle, Daniel/B-2259-2008; Choisy, Marc/J-7131-2016 OI Nettle, Daniel/0000-0001-9089-2599; Choisy, Marc/0000-0002-5187-6390 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, USA FX This research was supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 26 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 9 AR e929 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000929 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10HT UT WOS:000207455800008 PM 17895970 ER PT J AU McEwen, AS Hansen, CJ Delamere, WA Eliason, EM Herkenhoff, KE Keszthelyi, L Gulick, VC Kirk, RL Mellon, MT Grant, JA Thomas, N Weitz, CM Squyres, SW Bridges, NT Murchie, SL Seelos, F Seelos, K Okubo, CH Milazzo, MP Tornabene, LL Jaeger, WL Byrne, S Russell, PS Griffes, JL Martinez-Alonso, S Davatzes, A Chuang, FC Thomson, BJ Fishbaugh, KE Dundas, CM Kolb, KJ Banks, ME Wray, JJ AF McEwen, A. S. Hansen, C. J. Delamere, W. A. Eliason, E. M. Herkenhoff, K. E. Keszthelyi, L. Gulick, V. C. Kirk, R. L. Mellon, M. T. Grant, J. A. Thomas, N. Weitz, C. M. Squyres, S. W. Bridges, N. T. Murchie, S. L. Seelos, F. Seelos, K. Okubo, C. H. Milazzo, M. P. Tornabene, L. L. Jaeger, W. L. Byrne, S. Russell, P. S. Griffes, J. L. Martinez-Alonso, S. Davatzes, A. Chuang, F. C. Thomson, B. J. Fishbaugh, K. E. Dundas, C. M. Kolb, K. J. Banks, M. E. Wray, J. J. TI A closer look at water-related geologic activity on Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRATERING RATE; DEPOSITS; MISSION; FATE AB Water has supposedly marked the surface of Mars and produced characteristic landforms. To understand the history of water on Mars, we take a close look at key locations with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, reaching fine spatial scales of 25 to 32 centimeters per pixel. Boulders ranging up to similar to 2 meters in diameter are ubiquitous in the middle to high latitudes, which include deposits previously interpreted as fine-grained ocean sediments or dusty snow. Bright gully deposits identify six locations with very recent activity, but these lie on steep (20 degrees to 35 degrees) slopes where dry mass wasting could occur. Thus, we cannot confirm the reality of ancient oceans or water in active gullies but do see evidence of fluvial modification of geologically recent mid-latitude gullies and equatorial impact craters. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Delamere Support Syst, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Smithsonian Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Int Space Sci Inst, Bern, Switzerland. RP McEwen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Davatzes, Alexandra/B-1479-2012; Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Seelos, Kimberly/F-4647-2015; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; OI Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932; Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Seelos, Kimberly/0000-0001-7236-0580; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X; Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 NR 23 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5845 BP 1706 EP 1709 DI 10.1126/science.1143987 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 212HD UT WOS:000249585900034 PM 17885125 ER PT J AU Jaeger, WL Keszthelyi, LP McEwen, AS Dundas, CM Russell, PS AF Jaeger, W. L. Keszthelyi, L. P. McEwen, A. S. Dundas, C. M. Russell, P. S. TI Athabasca Valles, Mars: A lava-draped channel system SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; EQUATOR; RADAR AB Athabasca Valles is a young outflow channel system on Mars that may have been carved by catastrophic water floods. However, images acquired by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft reveal that Athabasca Valles is now entirely draped by a thin layer of solidified lava-the remnant of a once-swollen river of molten rock. The lava erupted from a fissure, inundated the channels, and drained downstream in geologically recent times. Purported ice features in Athabasca Valles and its distal basin, Cerberus Palus, are actually composed of this lava. Similar volcanic processes may have operated in other ostensibly fluvial channels, which could explain in part why the landers sent to investigate sites of ancient flooding on Mars have predominantly found lava at the surface instead. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Jaeger, WL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM wjaeger@usgs.gov OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224 NR 22 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5845 BP 1709 EP 1711 DI 10.1126/science.1143315 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 212HD UT WOS:000249585900035 PM 17885126 ER PT J AU Herkenhoff, KE Byrne, S Russell, PS Fishbaugh, KE McEwen, AS AF Herkenhoff, K. E. Byrne, S. Russell, P. S. Fishbaugh, K. E. McEwen, A. S. TI Meter-scale morphology of the north polar region of Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAYERED DEPOSITS; GEOLOGIC HISTORY; STRATIGRAPHY AB Mars' north pole is covered by a dome of layered ice deposits. Detailed (similar to 30 centimeters per pixel) images of this region were obtained with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Planum Boreum basal unit scarps reveal cross-bedding and show evidence for recent mass wasting, flow, and debris accumulation. The north polar layers themselves are as thin as 10 centimeters but appear to be covered by a dusty veneer in places, which may obscure thinner layers. Repetition of particular layer types implies that quasi-periodic climate changes influenced the stratigraphic sequence in the polar layered deposits, informing models for recent climate variations on Mars. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Int Space Sci Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Herkenhoff, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM kherkenhoff@usgs.gov RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012 NR 21 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5845 BP 1711 EP 1715 DI 10.1126/science.1143544 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 212HD UT WOS:000249585900036 PM 17885127 ER PT J AU Teng, FZ Wadhwa, M Helz, RT AF Teng, Fang-Zhen Wadhwa, Meenakshi Helz, Rosalind T. TI Investigation of magnesium isotope fractionation during basalt differentiation: Implications for a chondritic composition of the terrestrial mantle SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnesium isotopes; Kilauea Iki; magma differentiation; isotope fractionation ID ALUMINUM-RICH INCLUSIONS; PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION; ALLENDE METEORITE; ICP-MS; HETEROGENEITY; GEOCHEMISTRY; MG AB To investigate whether magnesium isotopes are fractionated during basalt differentiation, we have performed high-precision Mg isotopic analyses by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) on a set of well-characterized samples from Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii, USA. Samples from the Kilauea Iki lava lake, produced by closed-system crystal-melt fractionation, range from olivine-rich cumulates to highly differentiated basalts with MgO content ranging from 2.37 to 26.87 wt. %. Our results demonstrate that although these basalts have diverse chemical compositions, mineralogies, crystallization temperatures and degrees of differentiation, their Mg isotopic compositions display no measurable variation within the limits of our external precision (average delta Mg-26 = -0.36 +/- 0.10 and delta Mg-25 = -0.20 +/- 0.07; uncertainties are 2SD). This indicates that Mg isotopic fractionation during crystal-melt fractionation at temperatures of >= 1055 degrees C is undetectable at the level of precision of the current investigation. Calculations based on our data suggest that at near-magmatic temperatures the maximum fractionation in the Mg-26/Mg-24 ratio between olivine and melt is 0.07%.. Two additional oceanic basalts, two continental basalts (BCR-1 and BCR-2), and two primitive carbonaceous chondrites (Allende and Murchison) analyzed in this study have Mg isotopic compositions similar to the Kilauea Iki lava lake samples. In contrast to a recent report [U. Wiechert, A.N. Halliday, Non-chondritic magnesium and the origins of the inner terrestrial planets, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 256 (2007) 360-371], the results presented here suggest that the Bulk Silicate Earth has a chondritic Mg isotopic composition. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Geol, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Teng, FZ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Origins Lab, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM teng@geosci.uchicago.edu RI Teng, Fang-Zhen/F-6420-2010 NR 35 TC 152 Z9 168 U1 7 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.004 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 218VE UT WOS:000250042500007 ER PT J AU Moran, PW Aluru, N Black, RW Vijayan, MM AF Moran, Patrick W. Aluru, Neelakanteswar Black, Robert W. Vijayan, Mathilakath M. TI Tissue contaminants and associated transcriptional response in trout liver from high elevation lakes of Washington SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; FATHEAD MINNOWS; MICROARRAY DATA; MERCURY; TOXICOLOGY; SNOW AB The consistent cold temperatures and large amount of precipitation in the Olympic and Cascade ranges of Washington State are thought to enhance atmospheric deposition of contaminants. However, little, is known about contaminant levels in organisms residing in these remote high elevation lakes. We measured total mercury and 28 organochlorine compounds in trout collected from 14 remote lakes in the Olympic, Mt. Rainer, and North Cascades National Parks. Mercury was detected in trout from all lakes sampled (15 to 262,mu g/kg ww), while two organochlorines, total polychlorinated biphenyls (tPCB) and dichlorocliphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), were also detected in these fish tissues (< 25 mu g/kg ww). In sediments, organochlorine levels were below detection, while median total and methyl mercury were 30.4 and 0.34 mu g/ kg dry weight (ww), respectively. Using fish from two lakes, representing different contaminant loading levels (Wilcox lake: high; Skymo lake: low), we examined transcriptional response in the liver using a custom-made low-density targeted rainbow trout cDNA microarray. We detected significant differences in liver transcriptional response, including significant changes in metabolic, endocrine, and immune-related genes, in fish collected from Wilcox Lake compared to Skymo Lake. Overall, our results suggest that local urban areas contribute to the observed contaminant patterns in these high elevation lakes, while the transcriptional changes point to a biological response associated with exposure to these contaminants in fish. Specifically, the gene expression pattern leads us to hypothesize a role for mercury in disrupting the metabolic and reproductive pathways in fish from high elevation lakes in western Washington. C1 US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Moran, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. EM pwmoran@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 18 BP 6591 EP 6597 DI 10.1021/es070550y PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211CA UT WOS:000249500700048 PM 17948813 ER PT J AU Rancourt, SJ Rule, MI O'Connell, MA AF Rancourt, Sandra J. Rule, Michael I. O'Connell, Margaret A. TI Maternity roost site selection of big brown bats in ponderosa pine forests of the Channeled Scablands of northeastern Washington State, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE big brown bat; eptesicus fuscus; dead top live trees; maternity roosts; ponderosa pine; quaking aspen; porcupine; snags ID EPTESICUS-FUSCUS CHIROPTERA; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; ROCK CREVICES; MYOTIS-EVOTIS; HABITAT USE; BEHAVIOR; VESPERTILIONIDAE; ECOLOGY; OREGON AB Bats play a variety of ecological roles in forest ecosystems and forest management can impact habitat conditions for forest-dwelling bats. We examined the use and characteristics of roosts selected by reproductive female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the Channeled Scablands of northeastern Washington. We radio-tracked 14 bats to locate 36 roosts. Bats were found in colonies averaging 27 and these colonies switched roosts about every 3.7 days. Habitat variables were measured for the roost itself and at a 0.1-ha microplot and 78-ha macroplot Surrounding each roost. We measured habitat variables at random 0.1-ha microplots in the vicinity of each roost and at general random 0.1-ha microplots and 78-ha macroplots. Of the 36 roosts located, 34 were in natural tree cavities; 28 were in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and eight in quaking aspen (Populus treinuloides). Dead tops of live pine trees were used significantly more as roosts than pine snags. Although there were significantly more roosts in trees > 30 cm in diameter and > 12 m high than what was available, roosts were not always the tallest tree in the stand. A significantly greater proportion of big brown bat roosts were found in open pine, aspen and mixed-aspen pine forests and less in grasslands and closed pine than expected. Forest management strategies should protect both large diameter snags and existing dead top live trees and maintain natural population levels of biological agents that create dead tops. Restoration of historic open conditions in ponderosa pine and aspen stands will provide improved habitat for big brown bats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Turnbull Natl Wildlife Refuge, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Turnbull Lab Ecol Studies, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP Rule, MI (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Turnbull Natl Wildlife Refuge, 26010 S Smith Rd, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. EM Mike_Rule@fws.gov NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 248 IS 3 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.05.005 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 214DD UT WOS:000249715300007 ER PT J AU Cushing, GE Titus, TN Wynne, JJ Christensen, PR AF Cushing, G. E. Titus, T. N. Wynne, J. J. Christensen, P. R. TI THEMIS observes possible cave skylights on Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMPLACEMENT; MORPHOLOGY; THARSIS; MISSION AB Seven possible skylight entrances into Martian caves were observed on and around the flanks of Arsia Mons by the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). Distinct from impact craters, collapse pits or any other surface feature on Mars, these candidates appear to be deep dark holes at visible wavelengths while infrared observations show their thermal behaviors to be consistent with subsurface materials. Diameters range from 100 m to 225 m, and derived minimum depths range between 68 m and 130 m. Most candidates seem directly related to pitcraters, and may have formed in a similar manner with overhanging ceilings that remain intact. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Cushing, GE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM gcushing@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 17 AR L17201 DI 10.1029/2007GL030709 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 211IU UT WOS:000249518300004 ER PT J AU Doebrich, JL Al-Jehani, AM Siddiqui, AA Hayes, TS Wooden, JL Johnson, PR AF Doebrich, Jeff L. Al-Jehani, Abdullah M. Siddiqui, Alim A. Hayes, Timothy S. Wooden, Joseph L. Johnson, Peter R. TI Geology and metallogeny of the Ar Rayn terrane, eastern Arabian shield: Evolution of a Neoproterozoic continental-margin arc during assembly of Gondwana within the East African orogen SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neoproterozoic; Arabian shield; metallogeny; East African orogen; Ar Rayn terrane; continental margin ID HOSTED MASSIVE SULFIDE; OFQUI FAULT ZONE; SAUDI-ARABIA; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; COASTAL CORDILLERA; NORTHERN CHILE; SUBDUCTED LITHOSPHERE; CENTRAL MADAGASCAR; HALABAN OPHIOLITE; SOUTHERN CHILE AB The Neoproterozoic Ar Rayn terrane is exposed along the eastern margin of the Arabian shield. The terrane is bounded on the west by the Ad Dawadimi terrane across the Al Amar fault zone (AAF), and is nonconformably overlain on the east by Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks. The terrane is composed of a magmatic arc complex and syn- to post-orogenic intrusions. The layered rocks of the are, the Al Amar group (> 689 Ma to similar to 625 Ma), consist of tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basaltic to rhyolitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks with subordinate tuffaceous sedimentary rocks and carbonates, and are divided into an eastern and western sequence. Plutonic rocks of the terrane form three distinct lithogeochemical groups: (1) low-Al trondhjemite-tonalite-granodiorite (TTG) of arc affinity (632-616 Ma) in the western part of the terrane, (2) high-Al TTG/adakite of arc affinity (689-617 Ma) in the central and eastern part of the terrane, and (3) syn- to post-orogenic alkali granite (607-583 Ma). West-dipping subduction along a trench east of the terrane is inferred from high-Al TTG/adakite emplaced east of low-Al TTG. The Ar Rayn terrane contains significant resources in epithermal Au-Ag-Zn-Cu-barite, enigmatic stratiform volcanic-hosted Khnaiguiyah-type Zn-Cu-Fe-Mn, and orogenic An vein deposits, and the potential for significant resources in Fe-oxide Cu-An (IOCG), and porphyry Cu deposits. Klmaiguiyah-type deposits formed before or during early deformation of the Al Amar group eastern sequence. Epithermal and porphyry deposits formed proximal to volcanic centers in Al Amar group western sequence. IOCG deposits are largely structurally controlled and hosted by group-1 intrusions and Al Amar group volcanic rocks in the western part of the terrane. Orogenic gold veins are largely associated with north-striking faults, particularly in and near the AAF, and are presumably related to amalgamation of the At Rayn and Ad Dawadimi terranes. Geologic, structural, and metallogenic characteristics of the Ar Rayn terrane are analogous to the Andean continental margin of Chile, with opposite subduction polarity. The Ar Rayn terrane represents a continental margin arc that lay above a west-dipping subduction zone along a continental block represented by the Afif composite terrane. The concentration of epithermal, porphyry Cu and IOCG mineral systems, of central arc affiliation, along the AAF suggests that the AAF is not an ophiolitic suture zone, but originated as a major intra-arc fault that localized magmatism and mineralization. West-directed oblique subduction and ultimate collision with a land mass from the east (East Gondwana?) resulted in major transcurrent displacement along the AAF, bringing the eastern part of the arc terrane to its present exposed position, juxtaposed across the AAF against a back-arc basin assemblage represented by the AN schist of the Ad Dawadimi terrane. Our findings indicate that arc formation and accretionary processes in the Arabian shield were still ongoing into the latest Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran), to about 620-600 Ma, and lead us to conclude that evolution of the Ar Rayn terrane (arc formation, accretion, syn- to postorogenic plutonism) defines a final stage of assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent along the northeastern margin of the East African orogen. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Saudi Geol Survey, Jeddah 21514, Saudi Arabia. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Doebrich, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 913 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM doebrich@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.003 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 210VE UT WOS:000249482900002 ER PT J AU Hinkley, T Matsumoto, A AF Hinkley, Todd Matsumoto, Akikazu TI Mid-holocene change in types of degassing volcanoes, using indium in Antarctic ice as a tracer of volcanic source type SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT PARTITION; LEAD; SUBDUCTION; CALIFORNIA; WORLDWIDE; EMISSIONS; MAGMA AB Proportions of trace metals in Antarctic ice samples indicate that the type of volcanoes that dominated atmospheric emissions changed at about the middle of the Holocene from relatively mafic, deep source volcanoes to more silicic, shallower-source volcanoes. We base this inference on the strong contrast in the abundances of the trace metal indium ( In), relative to other trace metals present in ice, deposited at different times in the past, and on contrasting In abundances in modern emissions of volcanoes of different types. Indium is more abundant in the emissions of deep-source mafic volcanoes than in more felsic, shallower-source volcanoes. Earlier workers have shown, on the basis of petrologic and some meteoritic evidence, that In may be partitioned to the interiors ( stony mantles) of differentiated planets, or enriched in the liquids of partly crystallized mafic melts. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Hinkley, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM thinkley@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 17 AR L17710 DI 10.1029/2007GL030056 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 211IR UT WOS:000249518000001 ER PT J AU Currenti, G Del Negro, C Johnston, M Sasai, Y AF Currenti, G. Del Negro, C. Johnston, M. Sasai, Y. TI Close temporal correspondence between geomagnetic anomalies and earthquakes during the 2002-2003 eruption of Etna volcano SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID FAULT; INSIGHTS; SYSTEM; ZONES AB The early stages of the 2002 - 2003 lateral eruption at Mount Etna were accompanied by slow changes ( over some hours) and some rapid step offsets in the local magnetic field. At five monitoring locations, the total magnetic field intensity has been measured using continuously operating Overhauser magnetometers at a sampling rate of 10 s. The very unique aspect of these observations is the close temporal correspondence between magnetic field offsets and earthquakes that occurred in the upper northern flank of the volcano on 27 October 2002 prior to a primary eruption. Rapid coseismic changes of the magnetic field were clearly identified for three of the most energetic earthquakes, which were concentrated along the Northeast Rift at a depth of about 1 km below sea level. Coseismic magnetic signals, with amplitudes from 0.5 to 2.5 nT, have been detected for three of the largest seismic events located roughly midway between the magnetic stations. We quantitatively examine possible geophysical mechanisms, which could cause the magnetic anomalies. The comparison between magnetic data, seismicity and surface phenomena implies that piezomagnetic effects are the primary physical mechanism responsible for the observed magnetic anomalies although the detailed cause of the rapid high stress change required is not clear. The modeling of the observed coseismic magnetic changes in terms of piezomagnetic mechanism provides further evidence of the complex interaction between volcanic and tectonic processes during dike propagation along the Northeast Rift. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis Vulcanol, Sezione Catalani, Catania, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Govern, Disaster Prevent Div, Tokyo, Japan. RP Currenti, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis Vulcanol, Sezione Catalani, Catania, Italy. RI Del Negro, Ciro/K-3451-2013; OI Del Negro, Ciro/0000-0001-5734-9025 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B9 AR B09103 DI 10.1029/2007JB005029 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 211JM UT WOS:000249520100004 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Barba, G May, K White, T AF Gonzalez-Barba, Gerardo May, Kevin White, Tim TI Turonian sharks from the Matanuska Formation south-central Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SU S BP 82A EP 82A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 211PJ UT WOS:000249535400219 ER PT J AU Weems, RE Edwards, LE AF Weems, Rdert E. Edwards, Lucy E. TI The age and provenance of "Eschrichtius" cephalus Cope (Mammalia : Cetacea) SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Weems, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, 926A, Reston, VA USA. EM rweems@usgs.gov; leedward@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 752 EP 756 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[752:TAAPOE]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 210RS UT WOS:000249473900024 ER PT J AU Brown, WS Kery, M Hines, JE AF Brown, William S. Kery, Marc Hines, James E. TI Survival of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) estimated by capture-recapture models in relation to age, sex, color morph, time, and birthplace SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; VIPERA-ASPIS; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTION; GROWTH; SNAKE; SIZE; ECOLOGY AB Juvenile survival is one of the least known elements of the life history of many species, in particular snakes. We conducted a mark-recapture study of Crotalus horridus from 1978-2002 in northeastern New York near the northern limits of the species' range. We marked 588 neonates and estimated annual age-, sex-, and morph-specific recapture and survival rates using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model. Wild-caught neonates (field-born, n = 407) and neonates produced by captive-held gravid females (lab-born, n = 181) allowed comparison of the birthplace, or lab treatment effect, in estimated survival. Recapture rates declined from about 10-20% over time while increasing from young to older age classes. Estimated survival rates (S +/- 1 SE) in the first year were significantly higher among field-born (black morph: S = 0.773 +/- 0.203; yellow morph: S = 0.531 +/- 0.104) than among lab-born snakes (black morph: S = 0.411 +/- 0.131; yellow morph: S = 0.301 +/- 0.081). Lower birth weights combined with a lack of field exposure until release apparently contributed to the lower survival rate of lab-born snakes. Subsequent survival estimates for 2-4-yr-old snakes were S = 0.845 +/- 0.084 for the black morph and S = 0.999 (SE not available) for the yellow morph, and for >= 5-yr-old snakes S = 0.958 +/- 0.039 (black morph) and S = 0.822 +/- 0.034 (yellow morph). The most parsimonious model overall contained an independent time trend for survival of each age, morph, and lab-treatment group. For snakes of the first two age groups (ages 1 yr and 2-4 yr), survival tended to decline over the years for both morphs, while for adult snakes (5 yr and older), survival was constant or even slightly increased. Our data on survival and recapture are among the first rigorous estimates of these parameters in a rattlesnake and among the few yet available for any viperid snake. These data are useful for analyses of the life-history strategy, population dynamics, and conservation of this long-lived snake. C1 Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. Skidmore Coll, Dept Biol, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Brown, WS (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Biol Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM wbrown@skidmore.edu; marc_kery@vogelwarte.ch; jim_hines@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 10 PY 2007 IS 3 BP 656 EP 671 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 210WT UT WOS:000249487000015 ER PT J AU Benson, L AF Benson, Larry TI A paper should appear with all the information it needs SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 USGS, Arid Reg Climate Project, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Benson, L (reprint author), USGS, Arid Reg Climate Project, Suite E127,3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 6 PY 2007 VL 449 IS 7158 BP 24 EP 24 DI 10.1038/449024b PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 207ED UT WOS:000249233500019 PM 17805275 ER PT J AU Anderson, TM Ritchie, ME Mayemba, E Eby, S Grace, JB McNaughton, SJ AF Anderson, T. Michael Ritchie, Mark E. Mayemba, Emilian Eby, Stephanie Grace, James B. McNaughton, Samuel J. TI Forage nutritive quality in the serengeti ecosystem: the roles of fire and herbivory SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Review DE fire; herbivory; leaf nutrients; forage element concentration; plant community composition; structural equation modeling ID THEMEDA-TRIANDRA FORSK; DRY TROPICAL SAVANNA; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; AFRICAN SAVANNA; NATIONAL-PARK; SPECIES COMPOSITION; GRAZING ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN-MINERALIZATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS AB Fire and herbivory are important determinants of nutrient availability in savanna ecosystems. Fire and herbivory effects on the nutritive quality of savanna vegetation can occur directly, independent of changes in the plant community, or indirectly, via effects on the plant community. Indirect effects can be further subdivided into those occurring because of changes in plant species composition or plant abundance (i.e., quality versus quantity). We studied relationships between fire, herbivory, rainfall, soil fertility, and leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sodium (Na) at 30 sites inside and outside of Serengeti National Park. Using structural equation modeling, we asked whether fire and herbivory influences were largely direct or indirect and how their signs and strengths differed within the context of natural savanna processes. Herbivory was associated with enhanced leaf N and P through changes in plant biomass and community composition. Fire was associated with reduced leaf nutrient concentrations through changes in plant community composition. Additionally, fire had direct positive effects on Na and nonlinear direct effects on P that partially mitigated the indirect negative effects. Key mechanisms by which fire reduced plant nutritive quality were through reductions of Na-rich grasses and increased abundance of Themeda triandra, which had below-average leaf nutrients. C1 Univ Groningen, Community & Conservat Ecol Grp, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Serengeti Wildlife Res Ctr, Arusha, Tanzania. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Anderson, TM (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Community & Conservat Ecol Grp, POB 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. EM t.m.anderson@rug.nl; meritchi@syr.edu; emilianmayemba@yahoo.com; sleby@syr.edu; jim_grace@usgs.gov; sjmcnaug@syr.edu NR 105 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 52 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 170 IS 3 BP 343 EP 357 DI 10.1086/520120 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 203GV UT WOS:000248964000005 PM 17879186 ER PT J AU Slowey, AJ Johnson, SB Newville, M Brown, GE AF Slowey, Aaron J. Johnson, Stephen B. Newville, Matthew Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Speciation and colloid transport of arsenic from mine tailings SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL EXTRACTIONS; MERCURY SPECIATION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; SYNTHETIC JAROSITE; FINE-STRUCTURE; IRON-OXIDE; SEDIMENTS AB In addition to affecting biogeochemical transformations, the speciation of As also influences its transport from tailings at inoperative mines. The speciation of As in tailings from the Sulfur Bank Mercury Mine site in Clear Lake, California (USA) (a hot-spring Hg deposit) and particles mobilized from these tailings have. been examined during laboratory-column experiments. Solutions containing two common, plant-derived organic acids (oxalic and citric acid) were pumped at 13 pore volumes d(-1) through 25 by 500 mm columns of calcined Hg ore, analogous to the pedogenesis of tailings. Chemical analysis of column effluent indicated that all of the As mobilized was particulate (1.5 mg, or 6% of the total As in the column through 255 pore volumes of leaching). Arsenic speciation was evaluated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), indicating the dominance of arsenate [As(V)] sorbed to poorly crystalline Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides and coprecipitated with jarosite [KFe3(SO4, ASO(4))(2)(OH)(6)] with no detectable primary or secondary minerals in the tailings and mobilized particles. Sequential chemical extractions (SCE) of <45 mu m mine tailings fractions also suggest that As occurs adsorbed to Fe (hydr)oxides (35%) and coprecipitated within poorly crystalline phases (45%). In addition, SCEs suggest that As is associated with 1 N acid-soluble phases such as carbonate minerals (20%) and within crystalline Fe-(hydr)oxides (10%). The finding that As is transported from these mine tailings dominantly as As(V) adsorbed to Fe (hydr)oxides or coprecipitated within hydroxysulfates such as jarosite suggests that As release from soils and sediments contaminated with tailings will be controlled by either organic acid-promoted dissolution or reductive dissolution of host phases. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Slowey, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aaron.slowey@gmail.com NR 70 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1884 EP 1898 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.053 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 216VH UT WOS:000249906600004 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL Kimball, BA Walton-Day, K Verplanck, PL AF Runkel, Robert L. Kimball, Briant A. Walton-Day, Katherine Verplanck, Philip L. TI A simulation-based approach for estimating premining water quality: Red mountain Creek, Colorado SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; NATURAL BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS; MINERALIZED AREAS; STREAMS; IRON; METALS; MODEL; PH AB Regulatory agencies are often charged with the task of setting site-specific numeric water quality standards for impaired streams. This task is particularly difficult for streams draining highly mineralized watersheds with past mining activity. Baseline water quality data obtained prior to mining are often non-existent and application of generic water quality standards developed for unmineralized watersheds is suspect given the geology of most watersheds affected by mining. Various approaches have been used to estimate premining conditions, but none of the existing approaches rigorously consider the physical and geochemical processes that ultimately determine instream water quality. An approach based on simulation modeling is therefore proposed herein. The approach utilizes synoptic data that provide spatially-detailed profiles of concentration, streamflow, and constituent load along the study reach. This field data set is used to calibrate a reactive stream transport model that considers the suite of physical and geochemical processes that affect constituent concentrations during instream transport. A key input to the model is the quality and quantity of waters entering the study reach. This input is based on chemical analyses available from synoptic sampling and observed increases in streamflow along the study reach. Given the calibrated model, additional simulations are conducted to estimate premining conditions. In these simulations, the chemistry of mining-affected sources is replaced with the chemistry of waters that are thought to be unaffected by mining (proximal, premining analogues). The resultant simulations provide estimates of premining water quality that reflect both the reduced loads that were present prior to mining and the processes that affect these loads as they are transported downstream. This simulation-based approach is demonstrated using data from Red Mountain Creek, Colorado, a small stream draining a heavily-mined watershed. Model application to the premining problem for Red Mountain Creek is based on limited field reconnaissance and chemical analyses; additional field work and analyses may be needed to develop definitive, quantitative estimates of premining water quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. RP Runkel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, PO Box 25046,Mail Stop 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM runkel@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1899 EP 1918 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.054 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 216VH UT WOS:000249906600005 ER PT J AU Catan, SP Guevara, SR Marvin-DiPasquale, M Magnavacca, C Cohen, IM Arribere, M AF Perez Catan, Soledad Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark Magnavacca, Cecilia Marcos Cohen, Isaac Arribere, Maria TI Methodological considerations regarding the use of inorganic Hg-197(II) radiotracer to assess mercury methylation potential rates in lake sediment SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE mercury; mercury methylation; Hg-197 tracer; lake sediment ID WATER; METHYLMERCURY; RADIATION; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Methodological considerations on the determination of benthic methyl-mercury (CH3Hg) production potentials were investigated on lake sediment, using Hg-197 radiotracer. Three methods to arrest bacterial activity were compared: flash freezing, thermal sterilization, and gamma-irradiation. Flash freezing showed similar CH3Hg recoveries as thermal sterilization, which was both 50% higher than the recoveries obtained with gamma-ray irradiation. No additional radiolabel was recovered in kill-control samples after an additional 24 or 65 h of incubation, suggesting that all treatments were effective at arresting Hg(II)-methylating bacterial activity, and that the initial recoveries are likely due to non-methylated Hg-197(II) carry-over in the organic extraction and/or [Hg-197]CH3Hg produced via abiotic reactions. Two CH3Hg extraction methods from sediment were compared: (a) direct extraction into toluene after sediment leaching with CuSO4 and HCl and (b) the same extraction with an additional back-extraction step to thiosulphate. Similar information was obtained with both methods, but the low efficiency observed and the extra work associated with the back-extraction procedure represent significant disadvantages, even tough the direct extraction involves higher Hg(II) carry over. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, Lab Anal Activac Neutron, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Ctr Atom Ezeiza Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Technol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Dept Ingn Quim, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Guevara, SR (reprint author), Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, Lab Anal Activac Neutron, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM ribeiro@cab.cnea.gov.ar OI Cohen, Isaac Marcos/0000-0001-6265-4235; Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio/0000-0001-7203-7687 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 65 IS 9 BP 987 EP 994 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.04.010 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 211SB UT WOS:000249542500002 ER PT J AU Davidson, J Frankel, AS Ellison, WT Surnmerfelt, S Popper, AN Mazik, P Bebak, J AF Davidson, John Frankel, Adam S. Ellison, William T. Surnmerfelt, Steven Popper, Arthur N. Mazik, Patricia Bebak, Julie TI Minimizing noise in fiberglass aquaculture tanks: Noise reduction potential of various retrofits SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE noise reduction; noise; sound; aquaculture; fish hearing ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; HEARING-LOSS; FISHES AB Equipment used in intensive aquaculture systems, such as pumps and blowers can produce underwater sound levels and frequencies within the range of fish hearing. The impacts of underwater noise on fish are not well known, but limited research suggests that subjecting fish to noise could result in impairment of the auditory system, reduced growth rates, and increased stress. Consequently, reducing sound in fish tanks could result in advantages for cultured species and increased productivity for the aquaculture industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the noise reduction potential of various retrofits to fiberglass fish culture tanks. The following structural changes were applied to tanks to reduce underwater noise: (1) inlet piping was suspended to avoid contact with the tank, (2) effluent piping was disconnected from a common drain line, (3) effluent piping was insulated beneath tanks, and (4) tanks were elevated on cement blocks and seated on insulated padding. Four combinations of the aforementioned structural changes were evaluated in duplicate and two tanks were left unchanged as controls. Control tanks had sound levels of 120.6 dB re 1 mu Pa. Each retrofit contributed to a reduction of underwater sound. As structural changes were combined, a cumulative reduction in sound level was observed. Tanks designed with a combination of retrofits had sound levels of 108.6 dB re 1 mu Pa, a four-fold reduction in sound pressure level. Sound frequency spectra indicated that the greatest sound reductions occurred between 2 and 100 Hz and demonstrated that nearby pumps and blowers created tonal frequencies that were transmitted into the tanks. The tank modifications used during this study were simple and inexpensive and could be applied to existing systems or considered when designing aquaculture facilities. (c) 2007 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Conservart Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. Marine Acoust Inc, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Comparat & Evolut Biol Hearing, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Woldlife Res Unit, USGS, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA ARS, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Davidson, J (reprint author), Conservart Funds Freshwater Inst, 1098 Turner Rd, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM j.davidson@freshwaterinstitute.org NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2007.03.003 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 199HL UT WOS:000248686700006 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Lanctot, RB Andres, BA Bart, JR Brown, SC Kendall, SJ Payer, DC AF Johnson, James A. Lanctot, Richard B. Andres, Brad A. Bart, Jonathan R. Brown, Stephen C. Kendall, Steven J. Payer, David C. TI Distribution of breeding shorebirds on the arctic coastal plain of Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Review DE Alaska; Arctic; birds; breeding shorebirds; coastal plain; distribution; North Slope ID ABUNDANCE; DENSITY; TUNDRA AB Available information on the distribution of breeding shorebirds across the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska is dated, fragmented, and limited in scope. Herein, we describe the distribution of 19 shorebird species from data gathered at 407 study plots between 1998 and 2004. This information was collected using a single-visit rapid area search technique during territory establishment and early incubation periods, a time when social displays and vocalizations make the birds highly detectable. We describe the presence or absence of each species, as well as overall numbers of species, providing a regional perspective on shorebird distribution. We compare and contrast our shorebird distribution maps to those of prior studies and describe prominent patterns of shorebird distribution. Our examination of how shorebird distribution and numbers of species varied both latitudinally and longitudinally across the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska indicated that most shorebird species occur more frequently in the Beaufort Coastal Plain ecoregion (i.e., closer to the coast) than in the Brooks Foothills ecoregion (i.e., farther inland). Furthermore, the occurrence of several species indicated substantial longitudinal directionality. Species richness at surveyed sites was highest in the western portion of the Beaufort Coastal Plain ecoregion. The broad-scale distribution information we present here is valuable for evaluating potential effects of human development and climate change on Arctic-breeding shorebird populations. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey Forest, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arct Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1101 E Tudor Rd,MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jim_a_johnson@fws.gov NR 105 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 277 EP 293 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 222SE UT WOS:000250316500007 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, L. David TI Annual arctic wolf pack size related to arctic hare numbers SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE arctic hare; Lepus arcticus; wolf; Canis lupus arctos; Ellesmere Island; muskoxen; Ovibos moschatus; population dynamics; predator-prey relations; predation ID WOLVES AB During the summers of 2000 through 2006, I counted arctic wolf (Canis Lupus arctos) pups and adults in a pack, arctic hares (Lepus arcticus) along a 9 km index route in the area, and muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in a 250 km(2) part of the area near Eureka (80 degrees N, 86 degrees W), Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Adult wolf numbers did not correlate with muskox numbers, but they were positively related (r(2)=0.89;p < 0.01) to an arctic hare index. This is the first report relating wolf numbers to non-ungulate prey. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 309 EP 311 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 222SE UT WOS:000250316500009 ER PT J AU Hickey, C Warnock, N Takekawa, JY Athearn, ND AF Hickey, Catherine Warnock, Nils Takekawa, John Y. Athearn, Nicole D. TI Space use by Black-necked Stilts Himantopus mexicanus in the San Francisco Bay estuary SO ARDEA LA English DT Article DE Himantopus mexicanus; home range; space use; movements; San Francisco Bay; shorebirds; waders; wetlands ID WESTERN GREAT-BASIN; HOME-RANGE ANALYSIS; AMERICAN AVOCETS; HABITAT USE; KESTERSON RESERVOIR; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA; SHOREBIRDS; SANDPIPERS; AUTOCORRELATION AB We examined space use by Black-necked Stilts Himantopus mexicanus in the San Francisco Bay estuary, USA, to better understand how shorebirds use their Pacific Flyway landscape. These efforts are particularly important in the San Francisco Bay estuary where ongoing large-scale restoration projects are rapidly changing the mosaic of wetland habitats. We radio-marked 59 stilts and tracked individuals for up to four months and found no difference in home range size by sex or between North and South Bay subregions. We did find differences in home range size by capture site. Mean home range was 283.5 ha and movement from capture sites was 4.5 km. We used cluster analysis to calculate number of focal areas for individuals and found that overall space requirements were larger for stilts with multiple centres of activity. Birds with multiple use areas were often those that bred in vegetated marshes and moved into salt ponds when their nests failed or after chicks hatched. In the South Bay subregion, salt pond use was greater than availability in core use home range areas despite comprising the largest proportion of available habitat. Tidal salt marsh restoration from former salt ponds may reduce available habitat of invertebrate prey species that depend on hypersaline habitats; retention of some shallow, mid-salinity managed ponds may mitigate this loss. A better understanding of the space use and habitat requirements of stilts will provide for more specific habitat and management recommendations in areas targeted for wetland restoration, contributing to better conservation of shorebird populations along the Pacific Flyway. C1 [Hickey, Catherine; Warnock, Nils] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Takekawa, John Y.; Athearn, Nicole D.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Takekawa, JY (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr 11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM john_takekawa@usgs.gov NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU NEDERLANDSE ORNITHOLOGISCHE UNIE PI ZEIST PA C/O PAUL STARMANS, OUDE ARNHEMSEWEG 261, 3705 BD ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0373-2266 J9 ARDEA JI Ardea PD FAL PY 2007 VL 95 IS 2 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.5253/078.095.0210 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 234LR UT WOS:000251166100011 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Brown, AC AF Cryan, Paul M. Brown, Adam C. TI Migration of bats past a remote island offers clues toward the problem of bat fatalities at wind turbines SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE behavior; hoary bats; Lasiurus cinereus; mating; navigation; offshore ID SOUTHEAST FARALLON ISLAND; LASIURUS-CINEREUS; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; HOARY BAT; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; LUNAR PHOBIA; RED BAT; VESPERTILIONIDAE; CHIROPTERA AB Wind energy is rapidly becoming a viable source of alternative energy, but wind turbines are killing bats in many areas of North America. Most of the bats killed by turbines thus far have been migratory species that roost in trees throughout the year, and the highest fatality events appear to coincide with autumn migration. Hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) are highly migratory and one of the most frequently killed species at wind turbines. We analyzed a long-term data set to investigate how weather and moonlight influenced the occurrence of hoary bats at an island stopover point along their migration route. We then related our results to the problem of bat fatalities at wind turbines. We found that relatively low wind speeds, low moon illumination, and relatively high degrees of cloud cover were important predictors of bat arrivals and departures, and that low barometric pressure was an additional variable that helped predict arrivals. Slight differences in the conditions under which bats arrived and departed from the island suggest that hoary bats may be more likely to arrive on the island with passing storm fronts in autumn. These results also indicate that fatalities of hoary bats at wind turbines may be predictable events, that the species may be drawn to prominent landmarks that they see during migration, and that they regularly migrate over the ocean. Additional observations from this and other studies suggest that the problem of bat fatalities at wind turbines may be associated with flocking and autumn mating behaviors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. PRBO Conservat Sci, Marine Ecol Div, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM paul_cryan@usgs.gov; abrown@prbo.org OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 97 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.05.019 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217GC UT WOS:000249935400001 ER PT J AU Harris, AJL Dehn, J Calvari, S AF Harris, Andrew J. L. Dehn, Jonathan Calvari, Sonia TI Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: a review SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Review DE lava; instantaneous effusion rate; time-averaged discharge rate; eruption rate; monitoring ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; UNZEN VOLCANO JAPAN; FLOW-LOBE TUMULI; MOUNT-ETNA; KILAUEA VOLCANO; BASALTIC LAVA; MT.-ETNA; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; 1991-1993 ERUPTION AB Measurement of effusion rate is a primary objective for studies that model lava flow and magma system dynamics, as well as for monitoring efforts during on-going eruptions. However, its exact definition remains a source of confusion, and problems occur when comparing volume flux values that are averaged over different time periods or spatial scales, or measured using different approaches. Thus our aims are to: (1) define effusion rate terminology; and (2) assess the various measurement methods and their results. We first distinguish between instantaneous effusion rate, and time-averaged discharge rate. Eruption rate is next defined as the total volume of lava emplaced since the beginning of the eruption divided by the time since the eruption began. The ultimate extension of this is mean output rate, this being the final volume of erupted lava divided by total eruption duration. Whether these values are total values, i.e. the flux feeding all flow units across the entire flow field, or local, i.e. the flux feeding a single active unit within a flow field across which many units are active, also needs to be specified. No approach is without its problems, and all can have large error (up to similar to 50%). However, good agreement between diverse approaches shows that reliable estimates can be made if each approach is applied carefully and takes into account the caveats we detail here. There are three important factors to consider and state when measuring, giving or using an effusion rate. First, the time-period over which the value was averaged; second, whether the measurement applies to the entire active flow field, or a single lava flow within that field; and third, the measurement technique and its accompanying assumptions. C1 Univ Hawaii, HIGP SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Inst Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. RP Harris, AJL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, HIGP SOEST, 1680 E W Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM harris@higp.hawaii.edu RI Calvari, Sonia/A-3465-2013 OI Calvari, Sonia/0000-0001-8189-5499 NR 194 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s00445-007-0120-y PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 204BF UT WOS:000249017100001 ER PT J AU Martin, BA Saiki, MK Fong, D AF Martin, Barbara A. Saiki, Michael K. Fong, Darren TI Relation between mortality of prickly sculpin and diurnal extremes in water quality at Rodeo Lagoon, Marin County, California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article C1 [Martin, Barbara A.; Saiki, Michael K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Dixon Duty Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Fong, Darren] Natl Pk Serv, Golden Gate Natl Recreat Area, Saulito, CA 94965 USA. RP Martin, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Dixon Duty Stn, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 2007 VL 93 IS 4 BP 214 EP 223 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 243DO UT WOS:000251775300003 ER PT J AU Pavey, SA Hamon, TR Nielsen, JL AF Pavey, Scott A. Hamon, Troy R. Nielsen, Jennifer L. TI Revisiting evolutionary dead ends in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) life history SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; NORTH-AMERICA; ALASKA; RIVER; LAKE; SUBPOPULATIONS; ALLELES AB This study challenges recent hypotheses about sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) colonization based on life history and broadens the pathways that investigators should consider when studying sockeye colonization of novel habitats. Most sockeye populations exhibit lake-type life histories. Riverine populations are thought to be more likely to stray from their natal stream to spawn and therefore colonize new habitat. We examined genetic relationships among five geographically proximate sockeye populations from the Aniakchak region of the Alaska Peninsula, Alaska. Specifically, we sought to determine if the genetic population structure was consistent with the hypothesis that a riverine population colonized a recently available upriver volcanic caldera lake, and whether recent volcanism led to genetic bottlenecks in these sockeye populations. Heterozygosity and allelic richness were not higher in the riverine population. Patterns of genetic divergence suggested that the geographically proximate riverine sockeye population did not colonize the lake; the caldera populations were more genetically divergent from the downstream riverine population (F-ST = 0.047) than a lake-type population in a different drainage (F-ST = 0.018). Our results did not suggest the presence of genetic bottlenecks in the caldera populations. C1 Katmai Natl Pk & Preserve, King Salmon, AK 99613 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Pavey, SA (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5B 1K3, Canada. EM spavey@sfu.ca NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1199 EP 1208 DI 10.1139/F07-091 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 217UV UT WOS:000249973700004 ER PT J AU Moyer, GR Blouin, MS Banks, MA AF Moyer, G. R. Blouin, M. S. Banks, M. A. TI The influence of family-correlated survival on N-b/N for progeny from integrated multi- and single-generation hatchery stocks of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; BREEDING SUCCESS; PACIFIC SALMON; WILD; INDIVIDUALS; TSHAWYTSCHA AB There exist surprisingly few data on the final variance and mean of family sizes for hatchery-born fish at the adult stage. Thus, it is difficult to predict, for a conservation hatchery operation that minimizes the variance in progeny number, how much lower the true effective population size (N-e) of a cohort of hatchery-born adults will be than N-e predicted simply by the number of parents that produced them. We used parentage analysis to estimate the survival and N-e for two integrated stocks of hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). One hatchery is a multigeneration stock obtained by spawning 70% hatchery with 30% naturally reproducing fish, whereas the second is a single-generation stock derived from naturally reproducing coho. There was no significant difference in average overall survival between stocks, but observed N-e was significantly less than expected for each stock. Family-correlated survival contributed to roughly a 20% reduction in N-e over the freshwater and marine life stages. This reduction is similar to previous estimates and suggests a value that can be used when estimating the effective number of hatchery parents in applications of the Ryman-Laikre formula (at least for programs such as ours that attempt to equalize sex ratios and family sizes). C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Moyer, GR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. EM Greg_Moyer@fws.gov NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1258 EP 1265 DI 10.1139/F07-099 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 217UV UT WOS:000249973700009 ER PT J AU Batterman, S Chernyak, S Gwynn, E Cantonwine, D Jia, C Begnoche, L Hickey, JP AF Batterman, Stuart Chernyak, Sergel Gwynn, Erica Cantonwine, David Jia, Chunrong Begnoche, Linda Hickey, James P. TI Trends of brominated diphenyl ethers in fresh and archived Great Lakes fish (1979-2005) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE brominated flame retardants (BFRs); change-point analysis; great lakes; fish; trend analysis; PBDE ID FLAME RETARDANTS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; MICHIGAN; SEDIMENTS; PBDES; DEBROMINATION; SUPERIOR AB While few environmental measurements of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) were completed prior to the mid-1990s, analysis of appropriately archived samples might enable the determination of contaminant trends back to the introduction of these chemicals. In this paper, we first investigate the stability of BDEs in archived frozen and extracted fish samples, and then characterize trends of these chemicals in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in each of the Great Lakes between 1979 and 2005. We focus on the four most common congeners (BDE-47, 100, 99 and 153) and use a change-point analysis to detect shifts in trends. Analyses of archived fish samples yielded precise BDE concentration measurements with only small losses (0.8% per year in frozen fish tissues, 2.2% per year in refrigerated extracts). Trends in fish from all Great Lakes showed large increases in BDE concentrations that started in the early to mid-1980s with fairly consistent doubling times (generally 2-4 years except in Lake Erie smelt where levels increased very slowly), though concentrations and trends show differences by congener, fish species and lake. The most recent data show that accumulation rates are slowing, and concentrations of penta- and hexa-congeners in trout from Lakes Ontario and Michigan and smelt from Lake Ontario started to decrease in the mid-1990s. Trends in smelt and trout are evolving somewhat differently, and trout concentrations in the five lakes are now ranked as Michigan > Superior = Ontario > Huron = Erie, and smelt concentrations as Michigan > Ontario > Huron > Superior > Erie. The analysis of properly archived samples permits the reconstruction of historical trends, congener distributions, biomagnification and other information that can aid the understanding and management of these contaminants. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Serv, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Batterman, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM stuartb@umich.edu RI JIA, Chunrong/A-1236-2007; OI Batterman, Stuart/0000-0001-9894-5325 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES017885] NR 32 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 444 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.066 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211SZ UT WOS:000249544900011 PM 17561231 ER PT J AU Smith, LW Barshis, D Birkeland, C AF Smith, L. W. Barshis, D. Birkeland, C. TI Phenotypic plasticity for skeletal growth, density and calcification of Porites lobata in response to habitat type SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE phenotypic plasticity; skeletal growth; density; calcification; Porites lobata ID REEF-BUILDING CORALS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENE FLOW; TEMPERATURES; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; ORGANISMS AB A reciprocal transplant experiment (RTE) of the reef-building coral Porites lobata between shallow (1.5 m at low tide) back reef and forereef habitats on Ofu and Olosega Islands, American Samoa, resulted in phenotypic plasticity for skeletal characteristics. Transplants from each source population (back reef and forereef) had higher skeletal growth rates, lower bulk densities, and higher calcification rates on the back reef than on the forereef. Mean annual skeletal extension rates, mean bulk densities, and mean annual calcification rates of RTE groups were 2.6-9.8 mm year(-1), 1.41-1.44 g cm(-3), and 0.37-1.39 g cm(-2) year(-1) on the back reef, and 1.2-4.2 mm year(-1), 1.49-1.53 g cm(-3), and 0.19-0.63 g cm(-2) year(-1) on the forereef, respectively. Bulk densities were especially responsive to habitat type, with densities of transplants increasing on the high energy forereef, and decreasing on the low energy back reef. Skeletal growth and calcification rates were also influenced by source population, even though zooxanthella genotype of source colonies did not vary between sites, and there was a transplant site x source population interaction for upward linear extension. Genetic differentiation may explain the source population effects, or the experiment may have been too brief for phenotypic plasticity of all skeletal characteristics to be fully expressed. Phenotypic plasticity for skeletal characteristics likely enables P. lobata colonies to assume the most suitable shape and density for a wide range of coral reef habitats. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, USGS, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Smith, LW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, USGS, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM lancesmi@hawaii.edu RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 NR 52 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 559 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s00338-007-0216-z PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 201LH UT WOS:000248832400016 ER PT J AU Christy, MT Savidge, JA Rodda, GH AF Christy, Michelle T. Savidge, Julie A. Rodda, Gordon H. TI Multiple pathways for invasion of anurans on a Pacific island SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Anuran; aquaculture; biological invasions; horticulture; Guam; pathways ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RANA-LIMNOCHARIS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; UNITED-STATES; RICE FROG; CALIFORNIA; POPULATIONS; AMPHIBIA; ORIGIN; INTRODUCTIONS AB Since 1937, thirteen species of non-indigenous anurans have made their way to Guam. Of these, at least six have established breeding populations. Various pathways led to the introduction of these species to the island. The only anuran intentionally introduced was Chaunus marinus (formerly Bufo marinus), which was brought to Guam as a biocontrol agent. Kaloula picta, K. pulchra, Polypedates leucomystax, and probably Litoria fallax arrived as stowaways via maritime or air-transport vessels. Eleutherodactylus coqui and Euhyas (formerly Eleutherodactylus) planirostris appear to have entered Guam through the horticultural trade. Specimens of Pseudacris regilla were found among agricultural products and Christmas trees. Five species have been transported to Guam via the aquacultural trade. The importation of tilapia, milkfish, and white shrimp from China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Philippines was associated with the introduction to Guam of Fejervarya cancrivora, F. limnocharis sensu lato, Microhyla pulchra, Polypedates megacephalus, and Sylvirana guentheri (formerly Rana guentheri). Presently, no quarantine or containment guidelines have been established for Guam's aquacultural industry. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Fort Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Christy, MT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM shell@lamar.colostate.edu NR 82 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 598 EP 607 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00378.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 203ID UT WOS:000248967400013 ER PT J AU Herron, PM Martine, CT Latimer, AM Leicht-Young, SA AF Herron, Patrick M. Martine, Christopher T. Latimer, Andrew M. Leicht-Young, Stacey A. TI Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; biological invasions; dispersal; invasive species; latitudinal range; life history; plant ecology; shade tolerance ID MAPLE ACER-PLATANOIDES; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ALIEN PLANTS; HISTORY; FOREST; WEEDS; INTRODUCTIONS; INVASIBILITY; ATTRIBUTES AB Effective management of introduced species requires the early identification of species that pose a significant threat of becoming invasive. To better understand the invasive ecology of species in New England, USA, we compiled a character data set with which to compare non-native species that are known invaders to non-native species that are not currently known to be invasive. In contrast to previous biological trait-based models, we employed a Bayesian hierarchical analysis to identify sets of plant traits associated with invasiveness for each of three growth forms (vines, shrubs, and trees). The resulting models identify a suite of 'invasive traits' highlighting the ecology associated with invasiveness for each of three growth forms. The most effective predictors of invasiveness that emerged from our model were 'invasive elsewhere', 'fast growth rate', 'native latitudinal range', and 'growth form'. The contrast among growth forms was pronounced. For example, 'wind dispersal' was positively correlated with invasiveness in trees, but negatively correlated in shrubs and vines. The predictive model was able to correctly classify invasive plants 67% of the time (22/33), and non-invasive plants 95% of the time (204/215). A number of potential future invasive species in New England that deserve management consideration were identified. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Sci Biol, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Herron, PM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 75 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM patrickherron12@gmail.com OI Martine, Chris/0000-0001-5143-1773 NR 84 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 12 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 13 IS 5 BP 633 EP 644 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00381.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 203ID UT WOS:000248967400016 ER PT J AU Bowen, L Riva, F Mohr, C Aldridge, B Schwartz, J Miles, AK Stott, JL AF Bowen, Lizabeth Riva, Federica Mohr, Chuck Aldridge, Brian Schwartz, Julie Miles, A. Keith Stott, Jeffrey L. TI Differential gene expression induced by exposure of captive mink to fuel oil: A model for the sea otter SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE differential gene expression; petroleum; sea otter; mink ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MUSTELA-VISON; SPILL; PETROLEUM; CELLS; RAT AB Free-ranging sea otters are subject to hydrocarbon exposure from a variety of sources, both natural and anthropogenic. Effects of direct exposure to unrefined crude oil, such as that associated with the Exxon Valdez oil spill, are readily apparent. However, the impact of subtle but pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of crude oil on sea otters is difficult to assess. The present study was directed at developing a model for assessing the impact of low concentrations of fuel oil on sea otters. Quantitative PCR was used to identify differential gene expression in American mink that were exposed to low concentrations of bunker C fuel oil. A total of 23 genes, representing 10 different physiological systems, were analyzed for perturbation. Six genes with immunological relevance were differentially expressed in oil-fed mink. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and complement cytolysis inhibitor (CLI) were down-regulated while IL-2 was up-regulated. Expression of two additional genes was affected; heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was up-regulated and thyroid hormone receptor (THR) was down-regulated. While the significance of each perturbation is not immediately evident, we identified differential expression of genes that would be consistent with the presence of immune system-modifying and endocrine-disrupting compounds in fuel oil. Application of this approach to identify effects of petroleum contamination on sea otters should be possible following expansion of this mink model to identify a greater number of affected genes in peripheral blood leukocytes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Lab Marine Mammal Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ London, Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Dept Vet Clin Sci, London AL97TA, Herts, England. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Bowen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Lab Marine Mammal Immunol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lbowen@ucdavis.edu RI Riva, Federica/B-9287-2013 OI Riva, Federica/0000-0002-1270-1627 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 298 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10393-007-0113-5 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 220QY UT WOS:000250173600007 ER PT J AU Freeman, JP Stohlgren, TJ Hunter, ME Omi, PN Martinson, EJ Chong, GW Browns, CS AF Freeman, Jonathan P. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Hunter, Molly E. Omi, Philip N. Martinson, Erik. J. Chong, Geneva W. Browns, Cynthia S. TI Rapid assessment of postfire plant invasions in coniferous forests of the western united states SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE canonical correspondence analysis; CCA; disturbance; fire ecology; fire effects; fuel; treatments; fuels reduction; invasion; nonnative species; species diversity; species-environment relationships; species richness ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SPECIES INVASIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; DIVERSITY; FIRE; COMMUNITIES AB Fire is a natural part of most forest ecosystems in the western United States, but its effects on nonnative plant invasion have only recently been studied. Also, forest managers are engaging in fuel reduction projects to lessen fire severity, often without considering potential negative ecological consequences such as nonnative plant species introductions. Increased availability of light, nutrients, and bare ground have all been associated with high-severity fires and fuel treatments and are known to aid in the establishment of nonnative plant species. We use vegetation and environmental data collected after wildfires at seven sites in coniferous forests in the western United States to study responses of nonnative plants to wildfire. We compared burned vs. unburned plots and plots treated with mechanical thinning and/or prescribed burning vs. untreated plots for nonnative plant species richness and cover and used correlation analyses to infer the effect of abiotic site conditions on invasibility. Wildfire was responsible for significant increases in nonnative species richness and cover, and a significant decrease in native cover. Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire fuel treatments were associated with significant changes in plant species composition at some sites. Treatment effects across sites were minimal and inconclusive due to significant site and site X treatment interaction effects caused by variation between sites including differences in treatment and fire severities and initial conditions (e.g., nonnative species sources). We used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to determine what combinations of environmental variables best explained patterns of nonnative plant species richness and cover. Variables related to fire severity, soil nutrients, and elevation explained most of the variation in species composition. Nonnative species were generally associated with sites with higher fire severity, elevation, percentage of bare ground, and lower soil nutrient levels and lower canopy cover. Early assessments of postfire stand conditions can guide rapid responses to nonnative plant invasions. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Fort Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & waterhed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Freeman, JP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jpfreeman@fs.fed.us RI Brown, Cynthia/K-5814-2012 NR 53 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1656 EP 1665 DI 10.1890/06-1859.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GS UT WOS:000249240200009 PM 17913130 ER PT J AU McKee, KL Rooth, JE Feller, IC AF McKee, Karen L. Rooth, Jill E. Feller, Ilka C. TI Mangrove recruitment after forest disturbance is facilitated by herbaceous species in the caribbean SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE coastal wetland; disturbance; facilitation; forest regeneration; mangrove associate; nurse plant; patch dynamics; restoration; Rhizophora; seed dispersal; seedling recruitment; stress ID NEGATIVE PLANT INTERACTIONS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; MOJAVE DESERT; NURSE PLANTS; SALT-MARSH; RESTORATION; GROWTH AB Plant communities along tropical coastlines are often affected by natural and human disturbances, but little is known about factors influencing recovery. We focused on mangrove forests, which are among the most threatened ecosystems globally, to examine how facilitation by herbaceous vegetation might improve forest restoration after disturbance. We specifically investigated whether recovery of mangrove forests in harsh environments is accelerated by nurse plants and whether the beneficial effects are species-specific. Quantification of standardized effects allowed comparisons across performance parameters and over time for: (I) net effect of each herbaceous species on mangrove survival and growth, (2) effects of pre- and post-establishment factors associated with each herbaceous species, and (3) need for artificial planting to enhance growth or survival of mangrove seedlings. Mangrove recruitment in a clear-cut forest in Belize was accelerated by the presence of Sesuvium portulacastrum (succulent forb) and Distichlis spicata (grass), two coastal species common throughout the Caribbean region. The net effect of herbaceous vegetation was positive, but the magnitude of effects on mangrove survival and growth differed by species. Because of differences in their vegetative structure and other features, species effects on mangroves also varied by mechanism: (1) trapping of dispersing propagules (both species), (2) structural support of the seedling (Distichlis), and/or (3) promotion of survival (Sesuvium) or growth (Distichlis) through amelioration of soil conditions (temperature, aeration). Artificial planting had a stronger positive effect on mangrove survival than did edaphic conditions, but planting enhanced mangrove growth more in Sesuvium than in Distichlis patches. Our study indicates that beneficial species might be selected based on features that provide multiple positive effects and that species comparisons may be improved using standardized effects. Our findings are not only relevant to the coastal environments found in the Caribbean region, but our assessment methods may be useful for developing site-specific information to restore disturbed mangrove forests worldwide, especially given the large pool of mangrove associates (> 45 genera) available for screening. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Westlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Elkhorn Slough Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP McKee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Westlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM karen_mckee@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 57 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1678 EP 1693 DI 10.1890/06-1614.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GS UT WOS:000249240200011 PM 17913132 ER PT J AU Whitney, KL Hechinger, RF Kuris, AM Lafferty, KD AF Whitney, Kathleen L. Hechinger, Ryan F. Kuris, Armand M. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Endangered light-footed clapper rail affects parasite community structure in coastal wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE california horn snail; Cerithidea californica; Clapper Rail; digenean trematodes; extinction; indirect effects; parasite; Rallus longirostris levipes; tidal wetland; trematode community ID LARVAL TREMATODE PARASITES; SNAIL INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; BIRD FINAL HOSTS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PREDATION; ANTAGONISM; SHOREBIRDS; BEHAVIOR; COMPETITION AB An extinction necessarily affects community members that have obligate relationships with the extinct species. Indirect or cascading effects can lead to even broader changes at the community or ecosystem level. However, it is not clear whether generalist parasites should be affected by the extinction of one of their hosts. We tested the prediction that loss of a host species could affect the structure of a generalist parasite community by investigating the role of endangered Light-footed Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris levipes) in structuring trematode communities in four tidal wetlands in southern California, USA (Carpinteria Salt Marsh, Mugu Lagoon) and Mexico (Estero de Punta Banda, Bahia Falsa-San Quintin). We used larval trematode parasites in first intermediate host snails (Cerithidea californica) as windows into the adult trematodes that parasitize Clapper Rails. Within and among wetlands, we found positive associations between Clapper Rails and four trematode species, particularly in the vegetated marsh habitat where Clapper Rails typically occur. This suggests that further loss of Clapper Rails is likely to affect the abundance of several competitively dominant trematode species in wetlands with California horn snails, with possible indirect effects on the trematode community and changes in the impacts of these parasites on fishes and invertebrates. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Whitney, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM whitney@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1694 EP 1702 DI 10.1890/06-1325.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GS UT WOS:000249240200012 PM 17913133 ER PT J AU Kristan, WB Boarman, WI AF Kristan, William B., III Boarman, William I. TI Effects of anthropogenic developments on common raven nesting biology in the west Mojave desert SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic resources; Common Raven; Corvus corax; land cover types; Mojave Desert, California; nest site choice; nesting success; subsidized predator ID PREDATION; LANDSCAPE; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Subsidized predators may affect prey abundance, distribution, and demography. Common Ravens (Corvus corax) are anthropogenically subsidized throughout their range and, in the Mojave Desert, have increased in number dramatically over the last 3-4 decades. Human-provided food resources are thought to be important drivers of raven population growth, but human developments add other features as well, such as nesting platforms. From 1996 to 2000, we examined the nesting ecology of ravens in the Mojave Desert, relative to anthropogenic development. Ravens nested disproportionately near point sources of food and water subsidies (such as towns, landfills, and ponds) but not near roads (sources of road-killed carrion), even though both sources of subsidy enhanced fledging success. Initiation of breeding activity was more likely when a nest from the previous year was present at the start of a breeding season but was not affected by access to food. The relative effect of environmental modifications on fledging success varied from year to year, but the effect of access to human-provided resources was comparatively consistent, suggesting that humans provide consistently high-quality breeding habitat for ravens. Anthropogenic land cover types in the desert are expected to promote raven population growth and to allow ravens to occupy parts of the desert that otherwise would not support them. Predatory impacts of ravens in the Mojave Desert can therefore be considered indirect effects of anthropogenic development. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USGS BRD, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Kristan, WB (reprint author), Claif State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. EM wkristan@csusm.edu NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1703 EP 1713 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GS UT WOS:000249240200013 PM 17913134 ER PT J AU Zarnetske, PL Edwards, TC Moisen, GG AF Zarnetske, Phoebe L. Edwards, Thomas C., Jr. Moisen, Gretchen G. TI Habitat classification modeling with incomplete data: Pushing the habitat envelope SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE accipiter gentilis atricapillus; Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA); habitat classification model; habitat envelope; Landfire; management indicator species; Northern Goshawk; pseudo-absence ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; NORTHERN GOSHAWKS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; NESTING HABITAT; PREY ABUNDANCE; ABSENCE DATA; ECOLOGY; WOODPECKERS; PREDICTION AB Habitat classification models (HCMs) are invaluable tools for species conservation, land-use planning, reserve design, and metapopulation assessments, particularly at broad spatial scales. However, species occurrence data are often lacking and typically limited to presence points at broad scales. This lack of absence data precludes the use of many statistical techniques for HCMs. One option is to generate pseudo-absence points so that the many available statistical modeling tools can be used. Traditional techniques generate pseudo-absence points at random across broadly defined species ranges, often failing to include biological knowledge concerning the species-habitat relationship. We incorporated biological knowledge of the species-habitat relationship into pseudo-absence points by creating habitat envelopes that constrain the region from which points were randomly selected. We define a habitat envelope as an ecological representation of a species, or species feature's (e.g., nest) observed distribution (i.e., realized niche) based on a single attribute, or the spatial intersection of multiple attributes. We created HCMs for Northern Goshawk (Accipiter geatilis atricapillus) nest habitat during the breeding season across Utah forests with extant nest presence points and ecologically based pseudo-absence points using logistic regression. Predictor variables were derived from 30-m USDA Landfire and 250-m Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) map products. These habitat-envelope-based models were then compared to null envelope models which use traditional practices for generating pseudo-absences. Models were assessed for fit and predictive capability using metrics such as kappa, threshold-independent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots, adjusted deviance (Dad), and cross-validation, and were also assessed for ecological relevance. For all cases, habitat envelope-based models outperformed null envelope models and were more ecologically relevant, suggesting that incorporating biological knowledge into pseudo-absence point generation is a powerful tool for species habitat assessments. Furthermore, given some a priori knowledge of the species-habitat relationship, ecologically based pseudo-absence points can be applied to any species, ecosystem, data resolution, and spatial extent. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, USGS Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Zarnetske, PL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM zarnetsp@science.oregonstate.edu RI Zarnetske, Phoebe/C-5484-2012 OI Zarnetske, Phoebe/0000-0001-6257-6951 NR 60 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1714 EP 1726 DI 10.1890/06-1312.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GS UT WOS:000249240200014 PM 17913135 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Burlew, MM AF Gray, Brian R. Burlew, Michele M. TI Estimating trend precision and power to detect trends across grouped count data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE count data; fingernail clams; hierarchical models; negative binomial distribution; power analysis; precision; trend detection ID STANDARD ERRORS AB Ecologists commonly use grouped or clustered count data to estimate temporal trends in counts, abundance indices, or abundance. For example, the U.S. Breeding Bird Survey data represent multiple counts of birds from within each of multiple, spatially defined routes. Despite a reliance on grouped counts, analytical methods for prospectively estimating precision of trend estimates or statistical power to detect trends that explicitly acknowledge the characteristics of grouped count data are undescribed. These characteristics include the fact that the sampling variance is an increasing function of the mean, and that sampling and group-level variance estimates are generally estimated on different scales (the sampling and log scales, respectively). We address these issues for repeated sampling of a single population using an analytical approach that has the flavor of a generalized linear mixed model, specifically that of a negative binomial-distributed count variable with random group effects. The count mean, including grand intercept, trend, and random group effects, is modeled linearly on the log scale, while sampling variance of the mean is estimated on the log scale via the delta method. Results compared favorably with those derived using Monte Carlo simulations. For example, at trend = 5% per temporal unit, differences in standard errors and in power were modest relative to those estimated by simulation ( 0.50. Similar findings were obtained using data from nine surveys of fingernail clams in the Mississippi River. The proposed method is suggested (1) where simulations are not practical and relative precision or power is desired, or (2) when multiple precision or power calculations are required and where the accuracy of a fraction of those calculations will be confirmed using simulations. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Episystems, St Paul, MN 55127 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM brgray@usgs.gov OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 IS 9 BP 2364 EP 2372 DI 10.1890/06-1714.1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211CC UT WOS:000249500900021 PM 17918413 ER PT J AU Dekar, MP Magoulick, DD AF Dekar, M. P. Magoulick, D. D. TI Factors affecting fish assemblage structure during seasonal stream drying SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE fish assemblages; drought; disturbance; streams ID POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; ANIMALS; MINNOWS; DROUGHT; BASS AB We evaluated fish assemblage structure during stream drying in north west Arkansas in 2002 and 2003. We sampled fish with a seine and backpack electrofisher and measured habitat variables along transects. Linear regression models were selected a priori and ranked according to Akaike's Information Criterion. In 2002, total fish density was negatively related to pool area and maximum depth, and positively related to canopy openness and substrate diversity. Similarly, central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum, Rafinesque) and creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus, Mitchill) densities were negatively related to maximum pool depth. In 2003, fish species richness was positively related to pool area whereas total fish, central stoneroller, and creek chub densities were negatively related to maximum pool depth. In addition, total fish density was negatively related to substrate diversity. Results indicated that physical factors are important predictors of fish assemblage structure during stream drying. However, differences among response variables between years indicated that the magnitude of stream drying might be critical in intermittent streams. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, USGS Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00226.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 205EJ UT WOS:000249096500006 ER PT J AU Makrakis, MC Mirandaz, LE Makrakis, S Fernandez, DR Garcia, JO Iass, JHP AF Makrakis, M. C. Mirandaz, L. E. Makrakis, S. Fernandez, D. R. Garcia, J. O. Iass, J. H. P. TI Movement patterns of armado, Pterodoras granulosus, in the parana river basinver Basin SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE fish migration; movement; behaviour; mark-recapture; spawning; Parana River; Pterodoras granulosus ID PISCES AB We studied the migratory behaviour of armado, Pterodoras granulosus, in the Parana River Basin of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, during 1997-2005. This species invaded the Upper Parana River after upstream dispersal was facilitated when Itaipu Reservoir inundated a natural barrier. Fish were tagged (N = 8051) in the mainstems of the Yacyreta and Itaipu reservoirs, bays of major tributaries, the Parana River floodplain above Itaipu Reservoir, and below dams. In all, 420 fish were recaptured of which 61% moved away from the release area. Fish moved a maximum of 215 km (mean 42), and at a maximum rate of 9.4 km-day(-1) (mean 0.6). Of the 256 armados that moved away from the release site, 145 moved upstream towards unimpounded stretches of the Parana River and 111 moved downstream into the reservoir and bays of its tributaries (maximum 150 km). Based on the observed migratory movements, we suspect that most of the reproductive output originates in tributaries to the reservoirs. The ability of this species to expand its range presents a conundrum by pitting fishery management interests against conservation needs. Maintenance of the important armado fisheries depends on the ability of the species to migrate freely to use spawning and nursery areas in reservoir tributaries and floodplains. However, its ability to migrate long distances can allow this non-native species the opportunity to invade most of the Upper Parana River. C1 Gerpel Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Bolsista CNPq Brasil, Toledo, Parana, Brazil. US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Companhia Energet Sao Paulo, Rosana, SP, Brazil. RP Makrakis, MC (reprint author), Gerpel Univ Estadual Oeste Parana, Bolsista CNPq Brasil, Toledo, Parana, Brazil. EM makrakis@terra.com.br NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00238.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 205EJ UT WOS:000249096500014 ER PT J AU Walker, RJ Bohlke, JK Mcdonough, WF Li, J AF Walker, Richard J. Bohlke, John Karl Mcdonough, William F. Li, Ji TI Effects of mother lode-type gold mineralization on Os-187/Os-188 and platinum group element concentrations in peridotite: Alleghany district, California SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OSMIUM ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; KOLAR SCHIST BELT; RE-OS SYSTEMATICS; UPPER-MANTLE; ABYSSAL PERIDOTITES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STABLE ISOTOPE; QUARTZ VEINS; RB-SR AB Osmium isotope compositions and concentrations of Re, platinum group elements (PGE), and Au were determined for host peridotites (serpentinites and harzburgites) and hydrothermally altered ultramafic wall rocks associated with Mother Lode-type hydrothermal gold-quartz vein mineralization in the Alleghany district, California. The host peridotites have Os isotope compositions and Re, PGE, and An abundances typical of the upper mantle at their presumed formation age during the late Proterozoic or early Paleozoic. The hydrothermally altered rocks have highly variable initial Os isotope compositions with gamma(Os), values (% deviation of Os-187/Os-188 from the chondritic average calculated for the approx. 120 Ma time of mineralization) ranging from -1.4 to -8.3. The lowest Os isotope compositions are consistent with Re depletion of a chondritic source (e.g., the upper mantle) at ca. 1.6 Ga. Most of the altered samples are enriched in Au and have depleted and fractionated abundances of Be and PGE relative to their precursor peridotites. Geochemical characteristics of the altered samples suggest that Re and some PGE were variably removed from the ultramafic rocks during the mineralization event. In addition to Re, the Pt and Pd abundances of the most intensely altered rocks appear to have been most affected by mineralization. The Os-187-depleted isotopic compositions of some altered rocks are interpreted to be a result of preferential Os-187 loss via destruction of Re-rich phases during the event. For these rocks, Os evidently is not a useful tracer of the mineralizing fluids. The results do, however, provide evidence for differential mobility of these elements, and mobility of Os-187 relative to the initial bulk os isotope composition during hydrothermal metasomatic alteration of ultramafic rocks. C1 [Walker, Richard J.; Mcdonough, William F.; Li, Ji] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bohlke, John Karl] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Walker, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Jwalker@geol.tnnd.edn RI McDonough, William/C-4791-2009; Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016; McDonough, William/I-7720-2012 OI McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407; McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673 NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1089 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.6.1079 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 252RX UT WOS:000252465400004 ER PT J AU Nutt, CJ Hofstra, AH AF Nutt, C. J. Hofstra, A. H. TI Bald Mountain gold mining district, Nevada: A jurassic reduced intrusion-related gold system SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN NEVADA; GREAT-BASIN; EPITHERMAL DEPOSITS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FLUID INCLUSIONS; RUBY MOUNTAINS; CARLIN TREND; PORPHYRY; MAGMATISM; MINERALS AB The Bald Mountain mining district has produced about 2 million ounces (Moz) of An. Geologic mapping, field relationships, geochemical data, petrographic observations, fluid inclusion characteristics, and Ph, S, O, and H isotope data indicate that An mineralization was associated with a reduced Jurassic intrusion. Gold deposits are localized within and surrounding a Jurassic (159 Ma) quartz monzonite porphyry pluton and dike complex that intrudes Cambrian to Mississippian carbonate and elastic rocks. The pluton, associated dikes, and An mineralization were controlled by a crustal-scale northwest-trending structure named the Bida trend. Gold deposits are localized by fracture networks in the pluton and the contact metamorphic aureole, dike margins, high-angle faults, and certain strata or shale-limestone contacts in sedimentary rocks. Gold mineralization was accompanied by silicification and phyllic alteration, +/- argillic alteration at shallow levels. Although An is typically present throughout, the system exhibits a classic concentric geochemical zonation pattern with Mo, W, Bi, and Cu near the center, Ag, Pb, and Zn at intermediate distances, and As and Sb peripheral to the intrusion. Near the center of the system, micron-sized native An occurs with base metal sulfides and sulfosalts. In peripheral deposits and in later stages of mineralization, An is typically submicron in size and resides in pyrite or arsenopyrite. Electron microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS analyses show that arsenopyrite, pyrite, and Bi sulfide minerals contain 10s to 1,000s of ppm An. Ore-forming fluids were aqueous and carbonic at deep levels and episodically hypersaline at shallow levels due to boiling. The isotopic compositions of H and 0 in quartz and sericite and S and Ph in sulfides are indicative of magmatic ore fluids with sedimentary sulfur. Together, the evidence suggests that An was introduced by reduced S-bearing magmatic fluids derived from a reduced intrusion. The reduced character of the intrusion was caused by assimilation of carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. Tertiary faults dismember the area and drop down the upper part of the mineralizing system to the west. The abundant and widespread kaolinite in oxide ores is relatively disordered (1A polytype) and has delta D and delta O-18 values suggestive of a supergene origin. The deep weathering and oxidation of the ores associated with exhumation made them amenable to open-pit mining and processing using cyanide heap leach methods. C1 [Nutt, C. J.; Hofstra, A. H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80209 USA. RP Nutt, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80209 USA. EM enutt@usgs.gov NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1155 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.6.1129 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 252RX UT WOS:000252465400007 ER PT J AU Sibrell, PL Chambers, MA Deaguero, AL Wildeman, TR Reisman, DJ AF Sibrell, Philip L. Chambers, Marissa A. Deaguero, Andria L. Wildeman, Thomas R. Reisman, David J. TI An innovative carbonate coprecipitation process for the removal of zinc and manganese from mining impacted waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acid mine drainage; limestone coprecipitation; carbon dioxide; alkalinity; metal removal; manganese; zinc ID CALCITE PRECIPITATION; MINE DRAINAGE; LIMESTONE; SEAWATER; SURFACE AB Although mine drainage is usually thought of as acidic, there are many cases where the water is of neutral pH, but still contains metal species that can be harmful to human or aquatic animal health, such as manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Typical treatment of mine drainage waters involves pH adjustment, but this often results in excessive sludge formation and removal of nontoxic species such as magnesium and calcium. Theoretical consideration of the stability of metal carbonate species suggests that the target metals could be removed from solution by coprecipitation with calcium carbonate. The U. S. Geological Survey has developed a limestone-based process for remediation of acid mine drainage that increases calcium carbonate saturation. This treatment could then be coupled with carbonate coprecipitation as an innovative method for removal of toxic metals from circumneutral mine drainage waters. The new process was termed the carbonate coprecipitation (CCP) process. The CCP process was tested at the laboratory scale using a synthetic mine water containing 50 mg/L each of Mn and Zn. Best results showed over 95% removal of both Mn and Zn in less than 2 h of contact in a limestone channel. The process was then tested on a sample of water from the Palmerton zinc superfund site, near Palmerton, Pennsylvania, containing over 300 mg/L Zn and 60 mg/L Mn. Treatment of this water resulted in removal of over 95% of the Zn and 40% of the Mn in the limestone channel configuration. Because of the potential economic advantages of the CCP process, further research is recommended for refinement of the process for the Palmerton water and for application to other mining impacted waters as well. C1 USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US EPA, ORD Engn Tech Support Ctr MLK489, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sibrell, PL (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM psibrell@usgs.gov OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7 BP 881 EP 895 DI 10.1089/ees.2006.0126 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 214ZR UT WOS:000249777400003 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC Cooper, DJ Northcott, K AF Andersen, Douglas C. Cooper, David J. Northcott, Krista TI Dams, floodplain land use, and riparian forest conservation in the semiarid upper Colorado river basin, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Colorado River Basin; cumulative effects; desert river flow regime; floodplain land use; Poplus; riparian forests; river regulation ID FREMONT COTTONWOOD; SURFACE-WATER; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; GREEN RIVER; RIO-GRANDE; VEGETATION; REGIMES; ESTABLISHMENT AB Land and water resource development can independently eliminate riparian plant communities, including Fremont cottonwood forest (CF), a major contributor to ecosystem structure and functioning in semiarid portions of the American Southwest. We tested whether floodplain development was linked to river regulation in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) by relating the extent of five developed land-cover categories as well as CF and other natural vegetation to catchnient reservoir capacity, changes in total annual and annual peak discharge, and overall level of mainstem hydrologic alteration (sinall, moderate, or large) in 26 fourth-order subbasins. We also asked whether CF appeared to be in jeopardy at a regional level. We classified 5 1 % of the 57,000 ha of alluvial floodplain examined along > 2600 kin of mainstem rivers as CF and 366/r', as developed. The proportion developed was unrelated to the level of mainstem hydrologic alteration. The proportion classified as CF was also independent of the level of hvdrologic alteration, a result we attribute to confounding effects from development, the presence of time lags, and contrasting effects from flow alteration in different subbasins. Most CF (68% by area) had a sparse canopy (<= 5% cover), and stands with > 50% canopy cover occupied < 1% of the floodplain in 15 subbasins. We suggest that CF extent in the UCRB will decline markedly in the future, when the old trees on floodplains now disconnected from the river die and large areas change from CF to non-CF categories. Attention at a basinwide scale to the multiple factors affecting cottonwood patch dynamics is needed to assure conservation of these riparian forests. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, C-O USBR 86-68220,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM doug_andersen@usgs.gov RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 453 EP 475 DI 10.1007/s00267-006-0294-7 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 206SI UT WOS:000249202800009 PM 17705038 ER PT J AU Barnett, DT Stohlgren, TJ Jarnevich, CS Chong, GW Ericson, JA Davern, TR Simonson, SE AF Barnett, David T. Stohlgren, Thomas J. Jarnevich, Catherine S. Chong, Geneva W. Ericson, Jenny A. Davern, Tracy R. Simonson, Sara E. TI The art and science of weed mapping SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive species; non-native species; mapping; inventory; monitoring ID PLANT DIVERSITY; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; POPULATION BIOLOGY; RIPARIAN ZONES; ECONOMIC COSTS; EXOTIC PLANTS; INVASIBILITY; LANDSCAPE; COMMUNITIES AB Land managers need cost-effective and informative tools for non-native plant species management. Many local, state, and federal agencies adopted mapping systems designed to collect comparable data for the early detection and monitoring of non-native species. We compared mapping information to statistically rigorous, plot-based methods to better understand the benefits and compatibility of the two techniques. Mapping non-native species locations provided a species list, associated species distributions, and infested area for subjectively selected survey sites. The value of this information may be compromised by crude estimates of cover and incomplete or biased estimations of species distributions. Incorporating plot-based assessments guided by a stratified-random sample design provided a less biased description of non-native species distributions and increased the comparability of data over time and across regions for the inventory, monitoring, and management of non-native and native plant species. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Natl Inst Invas Species Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, No Rockey Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Refuge Syst, Natl Invas Species Program, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Barnett, DT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM barnett@nrel.colostate.edu NR 76 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 132 IS 1-3 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9530-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198JP UT WOS:000248624700018 PM 17279456 ER PT J AU Flegal, AR Brown, CL Squire, S Ross, JRM Scelfo, GM Hibdon, S AF Flegal, A. R. Brown, C. L. Squire, S. Ross, J. R. M. Scelfo, G. M. Hibdon, S. TI Spatial and temporal variations in silver contamination and toxicity in San Francisco Bay SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE silver; San Francisco Bay; pollution; toxicity; monitoring ID TRACE-METAL CONTAMINATION; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ESTUARINE WATERS; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; ANTHROPOGENIC METALS; ONLINE DETERMINATION; MACOMA-BALTHICA; MARINE WATERS; HEAVY-METALS AB Although San Francisco Bay has a "Golden Gate", it may be argued that it is the "Silver Estuary". For at one time the Bay was reported to have the highest levels of silver in its sediments and biota, along with the only accurately measured values of silver in solution, of any estuarine system. Since then others have argued that silver contamination is higher elsewhere (e.g., New York Bight, Florida Bay, Galveston Bay) in a peculiar form of pollution machismo, while silver contamination has measurably declined in sediments, biota, and surface waters of the Bay over the past two to three decades. Documentation of those systemic temporal declines has been possible because of long-term, ongoing monitoring programs, using rigorous trace metal clean sampling and analytical techniques, of the United States Geological Survey and San Francisco Bay Regional Monitoring Program that are summarized in this report. However, recent toxicity studies with macro-invertebrates in the Bay have indicated that silver may still be adversely affecting the health of the estuarine system, and other studies have indicated that silver concentrations in the Bay may be increasing due to new industrial inputs and/or the diagenetic remobilization of silver from historically contaminated sediments being re-exposed to overlying surface waters and benthos. Consequently, the Bay may not be ready to relinquish its title as the "Silver Estuary". (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, WIGS, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. RP Flegal, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, WIGS, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM flegal@etox.ucsc.edu NR 84 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 34 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.05.006 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 213NH UT WOS:000249673900004 PM 17706634 ER PT J AU Schoellhamer, DH Mumley, TE Leatherbarrow, JE AF Schoellhamer, David H. Mumley, Thomas E. Leatherbarrow, Jon E. TI Suspended sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in San Francisco Bay SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment; suspended sediment; contaminants; San Francisco Bay; estuaries ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TIME SCALES; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; MIXING PROCESSES; WATER COLUMN; ESTUARY; CALIFORNIA; MERCURY; VARIABILITY AB Water-quality managers desire information on the temporal and spatial variability of contaminant concentrations and the magnitudes of watershed and bed-sediment loads in San Francisco Bay. To help provide this information, the Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances in the San Francisco Estuary (RMP) takes advantage of the association of many contaminants with sediment particles by continuously measuring suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), which is an accurate, less costly, and more easily measured surrogate for several trace metals and organic contaminants. Continuous time series of SSC are collected at several sites in the Bay. Although semidiurnal and diurnal tidal fluctuations are present, most of the variability of SSC occurs at fortnightly, monthly, and semiannual tidal time scales. A seasonal cycle of sediment inflow, wind-wave resuspension, and winnowing of fine sediment also is observed. SSC and, thus, sediment-associated contaminants tend to be greater in shallower water, at the landward ends of the Bay, and in several localized estuarine turbidity maxima. Although understanding of sediment transport has improved in the first 10 years of the RMP, determining a simple mass budget of sediment or associated contaminants is confounded by uncertainties regarding sediment flux at boundaries, change in bed-sediment storage, and appropriate modeling techniques. Nevertheless, management of sediment-associated contaminants has improved greatly. Better understanding of sediment and sediment-associated contaminants in the Bay is of great interest to evaluate the value of control actions taken and the need for additional controls. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. California Reg Water Qual Control Board, Oakland, CA USA. San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA USA. RP Schoellhamer, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM dschoell@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2007.02.002 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 213NH UT WOS:000249673900009 PM 17408611 ER PT J AU Anderson, B Hunt, J Phillips, B Thompson, B Lowe, S Taberski, K Carr, RS AF Anderson, Brian Hunt, John Phillips, Bryn Thompson, Bruce Lowe, Sarah Taberski, Karen Carr, R. Scott TI Patterns and trends in sediment toxicity in the San Francisco Estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment; toxicity; TIEs ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; QUALITY TRIAD; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; BAY; CONTAMINATION; USA; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; BIVALVES; AMPHIPOD AB Widespread sediment toxicity has been documented throughout the San Francisco Estuary since the mid-1980s. Studies conducted in the early 1990s as part of the Bay Protection and Toxic Cleanup Program (BPTCP), and more recently as part of the Regional Monitoring Program (RMP) have continued to find sediment toxicity in the Estuary. Results of these studies have shown a number of sediment toxic hotspots located at selected sites in the margins of the Estuary. Recent RMP monitoring has indicated that the magnitude and frequency of sediment toxicity is greater in the winter wet season than in the summer dry season, which suggests stormwater inputs are associated with sediment toxicity. Additionally, spatial trends in sediment toxicity data indicate that toxic sediments are associated with inputs from urban creeks surrounding the Estuary, and from Central Valley rivers entering the northern Estuary via the Delta. Sediment toxicity has been correlated with a number of contaminants, including selected metals, PAHs and organochlorine pesticides. While toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) suggest that metals are the primary cause of sediment toxicity to bivalve embryos;,TIEs conducted with amphipods have been inconclusive. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. San Francisco Estuary Inst, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. San Francisco Bay Reg Water Qual Control Board, Oakland, CA 94621 USA. Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), Marine Pollut Studies Lab, C-O 34500 Highway 1, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM anderson@ucdavis.edu NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.07.005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 213NH UT WOS:000249673900011 PM 16962091 ER PT J AU Thompson, B Adelsbach, T Brown, C Hunt, J Kuwabara, J Neale, J Ohlendorf, H Schwarzbach, S Spies, R Taberski, K AF Thompson, Bruce Adelsbach, Terry Brown, Cynthia Hunt, Jennifer Kuwabara, James Neale, Jennifer Ohlendorf, Harry Schwarzbach, Steve Spies, Robert Taberski, Karen TI Biological effects of anthropogenic contaminants in the San Francisco Estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE biological effects; contamination; San Francisco Estuary ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEAL PHOCA-VITULINA; BIVALVE POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-STELLATUS; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; HARBOR SEALS; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; STRIPED BASS AB Concentrations of many anthropogenic contaminants in the San Francisco Estuary exist at levels that have been associated with biological effects elsewhere, so there is a potential for them to cause biological effects in the Estuary. The purpose of this paper is to summarize information about biological effects on the Estuary's plankton, benthos, fish, birds, and mammals, gathered since the early 1990s, focusing on key accomplishments. These studies have been conducted at all levels of biological organization (sub-cellular through communities), but have included only a small fraction of the organisms and contaminants of concern in the region. The studies summarized provide a body of evidence that some contaminants are causing biological impacts in some biological resources in the Estuary. However, no general patterns of effects were apparent in space and time, and no single contaminant was consistently related to effects among the biota considered. These conclusions reflect the difficulty in demonstrating biological effects due specifically to contamination because there is a wide range of sensitivity to contaminants among the Estuary's many organisms. Additionally, the spatial and temporal distribution of contamination in the Estuary is highly variable, and levels of contamination covary with other environmental factors, such as freshwater inflow or sediment-type. Federal and State regulatory agencies desire to develop biological criteria to protect the Estuary's biological resources. Future studies of biological effects in San Francisco Estuary should focus on the development of meaningful indicators of biological effects, and on key organism and contaminants of concern in long-term, multifaceted studies that include laboratory and field experiments to determine cause and effect to adequately inform management and regulatory decisions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. San Francisco Bay Reg Water Qual Control Board, Oakland, CA USA. RP Thompson, B (reprint author), San Francisco Estuary Inst, 7770 Pardee Lane,2nd Floor, Oakland, CA USA. EM bruce@sfei.org OI Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 NR 215 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 156 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2006.10.005 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 213NH UT WOS:000249673900012 PM 17166494 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Przybyla-Kelly, K Shively, DA Byappanahalli, MN AF Whitman, Richard L. Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna Shively, Dawn A. Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. TI Incidence of the enterococcal surface protein (esp) gene in human and animal fecal sources SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING; VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; FAECALIS STRAINS; ENTERIC VIRUSES; TOXIN GENE; FAECIUM; POLLUTION AB The occurrence of the enterococcal surface protein (esp) gene in the opportunistic pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and E faecium is well-documented in clinical research. Recently, the esp gene has been proposed as a marker of human pollution in environmental waters; however, information on its relative incidence in various human and animal fecal sources is limited. We have determined the occurrence of the esp gene in enterococci from human (n = 64) and animal (n = 233) fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction using two primer sets: one presumably specific for E faecium (esp(fm)) and the other for both E. faecalis and E faecium(esp(fs/fm)). We believe that this research is the first to explore the use of esp(fs/fm) for the detection of human waste in natural environmental settings. The incidence in human sources was 93.1% esp(fm) and 100% esp(fs/fm) in raw sewage influent; 30% for both esp(fm) and esp(fs/fm) in septic waste; and 0% espfm and 80% esp(fs/fm), in active pit toilets. The overall occurrence of the gene in animal feces was 7.7% (esp(fs/fm)) and 4.7% (espf,); animal types with positive results included dogs (9/43, all esp(fm)), gulls (10/34, esp(fs/fm),; 2/34, esp(fm), mice (3/22, all esp(fs/fm)), and songbirds (5/55, all esp(fs/fm)). The esp gene was not detected in cat (0/34), deer (0/4), goose (0/18), or raccoon (0/23) feces. The inconsistent occurrence, especially in septic and pit toilet sewage, suggests a low statistical power of discrimination between animal and human sources, which means a large number of replicates should be collected. Both espfm and esp(fs/fm), were common in raw sewage, but neither one efficiently differentiated between animal and other human sources. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 Mineral Spring Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. OI Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 35 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 17 BP 6090 EP 6095 DI 10.1021/es070817t PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GR UT WOS:000249240100033 PM 17937286 ER PT J AU Anthony, RG Miles, AK Ricca, MA Estes, JA AF Anthony, Robert G. Miles, A. Keith Ricca, Mark A. Estes, James A. TI Environmental contaminants in bald eagle eggs from the Aleutian archipelago SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; bald eagles; environmental contaminants; productivity; stable isotopes ID ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MARINE MAMMALS; GREAT-LAKES; FOOD-WEB; REPRODUCTION; PRODUCTIVITY; RESIDUES AB We collected 136 fresh and unhatched eggs from bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nests and assessed productivity on eight islands in the Aleutian archipelago, 2000 to 2002. Egg contents were analyzed for a broad spectrum of organochlorine (OC) contaminants. mercury (Hg), and stable isotopes of carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15). Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (Sigma PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyidichloroethylene (DDE), and Hg in bald eagle eggs were elevated throughout the archipelago. but the patterns of distribution differed among the various contaminants. Total PCBs were highest in areas of past military activities on Adak and Amchitka Islands, indicating local point sources of these compounds. Concentrations of DDE and Hg were higher on Amchitka Island, which was subjected to much military activity during World War II and the middle of the 20th century. Concentrations of Sigma PCBs also were elevated on islands with little history of military activity (e.g., Amlia, Tanaga, Buldir), suggesting non-point sources of PCBs in addition to point sources. Concentrations of DDE and Hg were highest in eagle eggs from the most western Aleutian Islands (e.g., Buldir, Kiska) and decreased eastward along the Aleutian chain. This east-to-west increase suggested a Eurasian source of contamination, possibly through global transport and atmospheric distillation and/or from migratory seabirds. Eggshell thickness and productivity of bald eagles were normal and indicative of healthy populations because concentrations of most contaminants were below threshold levels for effects on reproduction. Contrary to our predictions, contaminant concentrations were not correlated with stable isotopes of carbon (delta C-13) or nitrogen (delta N-15) in eggs. These latter findings indicate that contaminant concentrations were influenced more by point sources and geographic location than trophic status of eagles among the different islands. C1 Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, W Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Anthony, RG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM robert.anthony@oregonstate.edu NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1843 EP 1855 DI 10.1897/06-334R.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202EX UT WOS:000248885900008 PM 17702538 ER PT J AU Albers, PH Koterba, MT Rossmann, R Link, WA French, JB Bennett, RS Bauer, WC AF Albers, Peter H. Koterba, Michael T. Rossmann, Ronald Link, William A. French, John B. Bennett, Richard S. Bauer, Wayne C. TI Effects of methylmercury on reproduction in American kestrels SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE methylmercury; American kestrel; reproduction; toxic effects; egg ID SMALL MAMMALS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; PEREGRINE FALCON; NORTH-AMERICA; MERCURY; EGGS; BIRDS; INSECTICIDE; RESIDUES; CADMIUM AB Sixty breeding pairs of captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were exposed to a range of sublethal dietary concentrations of mercury (Hg), in the form of methylmercuric chloride, and their subsequent reproduction was measured. Egg production, incubation performance, and the number and percent of eggs hatched decreased markedly between 3.3 and 4.6 mg/kg dry weight of Hg (1.2 and 1.7 mg/kg wet wt), in the diet. The number of fledglings and the percent of nestlings fledged were reduced markedly at 0.7 mg/kg dry weight (0.3 mg/kg wet wt) and declined further between 2 and 3.3 mg/kg dry weight (0.7 and 1.2 mg/kg wet wt). Dietary concentrations of >= 4.6 rng/kg dry weight (1.7 mg/kg wet wt) were associated with total fledging failure. The estimated decline in fledged young per pair (24%, Bayesian regression) for kestrels consuming 0.7 mg/kg dry weight (0.3 mg/kg wet wt) raises concerns about population maintenance in areas subject to high inputs of anthropogenic Hg. Mercury concentrations in 20 second-laid eggs collected from all groups were related to dietary concentrations of Hg, and the Hg concentrations in 19 of these eggs were related to eggs laid and young fledged. Concentrations of Hg in eggs from the highest diet group (5.9 mg/kg dry wt; 2.2 mg/kg wet wt) were higher than egg concentrations reported for either wild birds or for captive birds (nonraptors) fed dry commercial food containing 5 mg/kg methylmercury. Accumulation ratios of Hg from diets to eggs were higher than those reported for feeding studies with other species. C1 Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville Lab, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Geol Survey, Maryland Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab,Large Lakes, Mid Continent Ecol Div,Large Lakes & Rivers Forec, Grosse Ile, MI 48128 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Gabrielson Lab, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Albers, PH (reprint author), Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville Lab, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Bldg 308,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM palbers@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1856 EP 1866 DI 10.1897/06-592R.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202EX UT WOS:000248885900009 PM 17702546 ER PT J AU Link, WA Albers, PH AF Link, William A. Albers, Peter H. TI Bayestan multimodel inference for dose-response studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; dose response; methylmercury; model selection; multimodel inference ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; MODEL UNCERTAINTY; SELECTION AB Statistical inference in dose-response studies is model-based: The analyst posits a mathematical model of the relation between exposure and response, estimates parameters of the model. and reports conclusions conditional on the model. Such analyses rarely include any accounting for the uncertainties associated with model selection. The Bayesian inferential system provides a convenient framework for model selection and multimodel inference. In this paper we briefly describe the Bayesian paradigm and Bayesian multimodel inference. We then present a family of models for multinomial dose-response data and apply Bayesian multimodel inferential methods to the analysis of data on the reproductive success of American kestrels (Falco sparveriuss) exposed to various sublethal dietary concentration, of methylmercury. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Gabrielson Lab, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Link, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Gabrielson Lab, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM wlink@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1867 EP 1872 DI 10.1897/06-597R.1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202EX UT WOS:000248885900010 PM 17705649 ER PT J AU Gutreuter, S Boogaard, MA AF Gutreuter, Steve Boogaard, Michael A. TI Prediction of lethal/effective concentration/dose in the presence of multiple auxiliary covariates and components of variance SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE quantal-response bioassay; generalized nonlinear mixed model; marginal prediction; 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol; sea lamprey ID TOXICITY; MODEL; LAKES; TFM AB Predictors of the percentile lethal/effective concentration/dose are commonly used measures of efficacy and toxicity. Typically such quantal-response predictors (e.g., the exposure required to kill 50% of some population) are estimated from simple bioassays wherein organisms are exposed to a gradient of several concentrations of a single agent. The toxicity of an agent may be influenced by auxiliary covariates, however, and more complicated experimental designs may introduce multiple variance components. Prediction methods lag examples of those cases. A conventional two-stage approach consists of multiple bivariate predictions of, say, medial lethal concentration followed by regression of those predictions on the auxiliary covariates. We propose a more effective and parsimonious class of generalized nonlinear mixed-effects models for prediction of lethal/effective dose/concentration from auxiliary covariates. We demonstrate examples using data from a study regarding the effects of pH and additions of variable quantities 2',5'-dicbloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) on the toxicity of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol to larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). The new models yielded unbiased predictions and root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) of prediction for the exposure required to kill 50 and 99.9% of some population that were 29 to 82% smaller, respectively, than those from the conventional two-stage procedure. The model class is flexible and easily implemented using commonly available software. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Gutreuter, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM sgutreuter@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1978 EP 1986 DI 10.1897/06-630R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202EX UT WOS:000248885900025 PM 17705653 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Kosoy, MY Cully, JF Bala, T Ray, C Collinge, SK AF Bai, Ying Kosoy, Michael Y. Cully, Jack F. Bala, Thiagarajan Ray, Chris Collinge, Sharon K. TI Acquisition of nonspecific Bartonella strains by the northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster) SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bartonella; disease ecology; grasshopper mouse; Onychomys leucogaster; jump ID RODENT-ASSOCIATED BARTONELLA; SP-NOV; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SOUTHERN CHINA; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; PATHOGENS; GRAHAMII; PATIENT; INFECTIONS AB Rodent-associated Bartonella species are generally host-specific parasites in North America. Here evidence that Bartonella species can 'jump' between host species is presented. Northern grasshopper mice and other rodents were trapped in the western USA. A study of Bartonella infection in grasshopper mice demonstrated a high prevalence that varied from 25% to 90% by location. Bartonella infection was detected in other rodent species with a high prevalence as well. Sequence analyses of gltA identified 29 Bartonella variants in rodents, 10 of which were obtained from grasshopper mice. Among these 10, only six variants were specific to grasshopper mice, whereas four were identical to variants specific to deer mice or 13-lined ground squirrels. Fourteen of 90 sequenced isolates obtained from grasshopper mice were strains found more commonly in other rodent species and were apparently acquired from these animals. The ecological behavior of grasshopper mice may explain the occurrence of Bartonella strains in occasional hosts. The observed rate at which Bartonella jumps from a donor host species to the grasshopper mouse was directly proportional to a metric of donor host density and to the prevalence of Bartonella in the donor host, and inversely proportional to the same parameters for the grasshopper mouse. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, Kansas City, KS USA. Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM bby5@cdc.gov OI RAY, CHRIS/0000-0002-7963-9637 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 438 EP 448 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00364.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 203GA UT WOS:000248961900005 PM 17672850 ER PT J AU Coggins, LG Catalano, MJ Allen, MS Pine, WE Walters, CJ AF Coggins, Lewis G., Jr. Catalano, Matthew J. Allen, Micheal S. Pine, William E., III Walters, Carl J. TI Effects of cryptic mortality and the hidden costs of using length limits in fishery management SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE catch and release; discard mortality; length limits; recruitment overfishing; spawning potential ratio; yield ID RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; MARINE; COLLAPSE; ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS; SHARKS AB Fishery collapses cause substantial economic and ecological harm, but common management actions often fail to prevent overfishing. Minimum length limits are perhaps the most common fishing regulation used in both commercial and recreational fisheries, but their conservation benefits can be influenced by discard mortality of fish caught and released below the legal length. We constructed a computer model to evaluate how discard mortality could influence the conservation utility of minimum length regulations. We evaluated policy performance across two disparate fish life-history types: short-lived high-productivity (SLHP) and long-lived low-productivity (LLLP) species. For the life-history types, fishing mortality rates and minimum length limits that we examined, length limits alone generally failed to achieve sustainability when discard mortality rate exceeded about 0.2 for SLHP species and 0.05 for LLLP species. At these levels of discard mortality, reductions in overall fishing mortality (e.g. lower fishing effort) were required to prevent recruitment overfishing if fishing mortality was high. Similarly, relatively low discard mortality rates (> 0.05) rendered maximum yield unobtainable and caused a substantial shift in the shape of the yield response surfaces. An analysis of fishery efficiency showed that length limits caused the simulated fisheries to be much less efficient, potentially exposing the target species and ecosystem to increased negative effects of the fishing process. Our findings suggest that for overexploited fisheries with moderate-to-high discard mortality rates, reductions in fishing mortality will be required to meet management goals. Resource managers should carefully consider impacts of cryptic mortality sources (e.g. discard mortality) on fishery sustainability, especially in recreational fisheries where release rates are high and effort is increasing in many areas of the world. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Coggins, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM lcoggins@usgs.gov RI Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012 NR 38 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 8 IS 3 BP 196 EP 210 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2679.2007.00247.x PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 203FO UT WOS:000248960700003 ER PT J AU Johnson, KJ Ams, DA Wedel, AN Szymanowski, JES Weber, DL Schneegurt, MA Fein, JB AF Johnson, K. J. Ams, D. A. Wedel, A. N. Szymanowski, J. E. S. Weber, D. L. Schneegurt, M. A. Fein, J. B. TI The impact of metabolic state on Cd adsorption onto bacterial cells SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE SOIL BACTERIUM; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; METAL ADSORPTION; WALLS; SURFACES; BEHAVIOR; SORPTION; BINDING; PROTON; PH AB This study examines the effect of bacterial metabolism on the adsorption of Cd onto Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells. Metabolically active Gram-positive cells adsorbed significantly less Cd than non-metabolizing cells. Gram-negative cells, however, showed no systematic difference in Cd adsorption between metabolizing and non-metabolizing cells. The effect of metabolism on Cd adsorption to Gram-positive cells was likely due to an influx of protons in and around the cell wall from the metabolic proton motive force, promoting competition between Cd and protons for adsorption sites on the cell wall. The relative lack of a metabolic effect on Cd adsorption onto Gram-negative compared to Gram-positive cells suggests that Cd binding in Gram-negative cells is focused in a region of the cell wall that is not reached, or is unaffected by this proton flux. Thermodynamic modeling was used to estimate that proton pumping causes the pH in the cell wall of metabolizing Gram-positive bacteria to decrease from the bulk solution value of 7.0 to approximately 5.7. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Wichita, KS 67208 USA. RP Johnson, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kjjohnso@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1472-4677 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2007.00111.x PG 8 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 203FD UT WOS:000248959600002 ER PT J AU Granina, LZ Callender, E AF Granina, L. Z. Callender, E. TI Elements of the iron and manganese cycles in Lake Baikal SO GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SIBERIA; SEDIMENTS; RUSSIA AB Using data obtained in recent years, we considered the external mass balance and characteristics of internal iron and manganese cycles in Lake Baikal (biological uptake, remineralization, sedimentary and diffusive fluxes, accumulation in sediments, time of renewal, etc.). Some previous results and common concepts were critically reevaluated. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Limnol Inst, Siberian Div, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Granina, LZ (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Limnol Inst, Siberian Div, Postbox 4199, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. EM liba@lin.irk.ru; eccallender@cox.net NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0016-7029 J9 GEOCHEM INT+ JI Geochem. Int. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP 918 EP 925 DI 10.1134/S0016702907090054 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 215KL UT WOS:000249807100005 ER PT J AU Covault, JA Normark, WR Romans, BW Graham, SA AF Covault, Jacob A. Normark, William R. Romans, Brian W. Graham, Stephan A. TI Highstand fans in the California borderland: The overlooked deep-water depositional systems SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE submarine fans; sequence stratigraphy; sedimentation rates; shelf width; California borderland ID SAN-DIEGO; SUBMARINE; TURBIDITY; VALLEY AB Contrary to widely used sequence-stratigraphic models, lowstand fans are only part of the turbidite depositional record; our analysis reveals that a comparable volume of coarse-grained sediment has been deposited in California borderland deep-water basins regardless of sea level. Sedimentation rates and periods of active sediment transport have been determined for deep-water canyon-channel systems contributing to the southeastern Gulf of Santa Catalina and San Diego Trough since 40 ka using an extensive grid of high-resolution and deep-penetration seismic-reflection data. A regional seismic-reflection horizon (40 ka) has been correlated across the study area using radiocarbon age dates from the Mohole borehole and U.S. Geological Survey piston cores. This study focused on the submarine fans fed by the Oceanside, Carlsbad, and La Jolla Canyons, all of which head within the length of the Oceanside littoral cell. The Oceanside Canyon-channel system was active from 45 to 13 ka, and the Carlsbad system was active from 50 (or earlier) to 10 ka. The La Jolla system was active over two periods, from 50 (or earlier) to 40 ka, and from 13 ka to the present. One or more of these canyon-channel systems have been active regardless of sea level. During sea-level fluctuation, shelf width between the canyon head and the littoral zone is the primary control on canyon-channel system activity. Highstand fan deposition occurs when a majority of the sediment within the Oceanside littoral cell is intercepted by one of the canyon heads, currently La Jolla Canyon. Since 40 ka, the sedimentation rate on the La Jolla highstand fan has been >2 times the combined rates on the Oceanside and Carlsbad lowstand fans. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Covault, JA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Romans, Brian/G-2035-2010 NR 31 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 25 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 35 IS 9 BP 783 EP 786 DI 10.1130/G23800A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 209BD UT WOS:000249362200004 ER PT J AU Jackson, NL Smith, DR Tiyarattanachai, R Nordstrom, KF AF Jackson, Nancy L. Smith, David R. Tiyarattanachai, Ronnachai Nordstrom, Karl F. TI Evaluation of a small beach nourishment project to enhance habitat suitability for horseshoe crabs SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium on Geomorphology and Ecosystems CY 2005 CL Buffalo, NY DE Delaware Bay; egg survival; estuarine beach; horseshoe crabs; interstitial moisture; sediment texture ID LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; DELAWARE BAY; WATER-TABLE; SITE SELECTION; SEDIMENT AB This field study evaluates the effect of nourishing an estuarine beach with gravel to enhance spawning rates by horseshoe crabs. A total of 564 in 3 of coarse sand and gravel were emplaced in two 90 m-long treatment segments at Bowers Beach, Delaware, USA from 9 to 11 April 2002. Field data were gathered between 6 April and 24 May 2002 to characterize the two fill segments and the un-nourished segments between them as well as two control segments at the adjacent Ted Harvey Beach. Sediment samples were taken from the foreshore surface and at depth before and after the nourishment. Bay water levels, wave heights, and beach ground water characteristics were monitored over a 12-hour tidal cycle at one of the nourished (15 May 2002) and the unnourished segment (16 May 2002) at Bowers Beach and at one of the control segments at Ted Harvey Beach (21 May 2002) using piezometers and pressure transducers inserted in wells. The beaches were cored to estimate the density of horseshoe crab eggs deposited during the spawning season. Horseshoe crab eggs were buried in pouches at 0.15 to 0.20 m depth for 30 to 40 days to evaluate their survival in developing into embryo or larval stage. Bulk sediment samples were taken to evaluate moisture characteristics near locations where egg pouches were buried. Density of spawning females at Bowers Beach was 1.04 m(-2) in 2001 and 1.20 m(-2) in 2002. These rates are lower than at Ted Harvey Beach but reveal an increase in spawning while Ted Harvey Beach underwent a considerable decrease (2.63 m(-2) to 1.35 m(-2)). Sediments low on the foreshore remained nearly saturated throughout the tidal cycle at both beaches. The average hydraulic conductivity on the upper foreshore at the non-treatment section at Bowers Beach (0.19 cm s(-1)) was less than at Ted Harvey Beach (0.27 cm s(-1)), and the finer, better sorted sediments at depth at Bowers Beach resulted in a higher porosity, creating greater moisture retention potential. Egg development was greatest at mid foreshore at all sites. Eggs at the lower foreshore elevation remained viable, but did not develop to the embryo stage. Between-beach differences were limited to high elevations where higher mortality occurred at Ted Harvey Beach due to desiccation. Adding small amounts of gravel to a sand beach may change the appearance of the surface but may not appreciably increase mean grain size and sorting at depth or the hydraulic conductivity over the spawning season. The pebble fraction may be important for site selection, but finer sizes may be more important for egg survival because of moisture retention. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, Nancy L.; Tiyarattanachai, Ronnachai] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Smith, David R.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Nordstrom, Karl F.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08904 USA. RP Jackson, NL (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM jacksonn@njit.edu; david_r_smith@usgs.gov; rt33@njit.edu; nordstro@imcs.rutgers.edu NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 172 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.017 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244WB UT WOS:000251894900013 ER PT J AU McKnight, DM Tate, CM Andrews, ED Niyogi, DK Cozzetto, K Welch, K Lyons, WB Capone, DG AF McKnight, D. M. Tate, C. M. Andrews, E. D. Niyogi, D. K. Cozzetto, K. Welch, K. Lyons, W. B. Capone, D. G. TI Reactivation of a cryptobiotic stream ecosystem in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: A long-term geomorphological experiment SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium on Geomorphology and Ecosystems CY 2005 CL Buffalo, NY DE glacial meltwater streams; abandoned channel; stream ecosystems; cyanobacterial mat; McMurdo dry valleys; Antarctica ID BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS; TAYLOR VALLEY; TRANSIENT STORAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKE; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; ZONE; MATS AB The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica contain many glacial meltwater streams that flow for 6 to 12 weeks during the austral summer and link the glaciers to the lakes on the valley floors. Dry valley streams gain solutes longitudinally through weathering reactions and microbial processes occurring in the hyporheic zone. Some streams have thriving cyanobacterial mats. In streams with regular summer flow, the mats are freeze-dried through the winter and begin photosynthesizing with the onset of flow. To evaluate the longer term persistence of cyanobacterial mats, we diverted flow to an abandoned channel, which had not received substantial flow for approximately two decades. Monitoring of specific conductance showed that for the first 3 years after the diversion, the solute concentrations were greater in the reactivated channel than in most other dry valley streams. We observed that cyanobacterial mats became abundant in the reactivated channel within a week, indicating that the mats had been preserved in a cryptobiotic state in the channel. Over the next several years, these mats had high rates of productivity and nitrogen fixation compared to mats from other streams. Experiments in which mats from the reactivated channel and another stream were incubated in water from both of the streams indicated that the greater solute concentrations in the reactivated channel stimulated net primary productivity of mats from both streams. These stream-scale experimental results indicate that the cryptobiotic preservation of cyanobacterial mats in abandoned channels in the dry valleys allows for rapid response of these stream ecosystems to climatic and geomorphological change, similar to other and zone stream ecosystems. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McKnight, D. M.; Cozzetto, K.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tate, C. M.; Andrews, E. D.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Niyogi, D. K.] Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Welch, K.; Lyons, W. B.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Capone, D. G.] Univ So Calif, Wrigley Inst Environm Studies, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP McKnight, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM diane.mcknight@colorado.edu OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 44 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 89 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 186 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.025 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244WB UT WOS:000251894900014 ER PT J AU Biggs, J Wright, T Lu, Z Parsons, B AF Biggs, Juliet Wright, Tim Lu, Zhong Parsons, Barry TI Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali fault, Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE continental deformation; fault slip; satellite geodesy ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SOUTHERN SAN-ANDREAS; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; SLIP RATES; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; NENANA RIVER; SYSTEM; INSAR AB Studies of interseismic strain accumulation are crucial to our understanding of continental deformation, the earthquake cycle and seismic hazard. By mapping small amounts of ground deformation over large spatial areas, InSAR has the potential to produce continental-scale maps of strain accumulation on active faults. However, most InSAR studies to date have focused on areas where the coherence is relatively good (e.g. California, Tibet and Turkey) and most analysis techniques (stacking, small baseline subset algorithm, permanent scatterers, etc.) only include information from pixels which are coherent throughout the time-span of the study. In some areas, such as Alaska, where the deformation rate is small and coherence very variable, it is necessary to include information from pixels which are coherent in some but not all interferograms. We use a three-stage iterative algorithm based on distributed scatterer interferometry. We validate our method using synthetic data created using realistic parameters from a test site on the Denali Fault, Alaska, and present a preliminary result of 10.5 +/- 5.0 mm yr(-1) for the slip rate on the Denali Fault based on a single track of radar data from ERS1/2. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. US Geol Survey, Earth Resources & Observ & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Biggs, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, COMET, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. RI Biggs, Juliet/D-4599-2011; Wright, Tim/A-5892-2011; Parsons, Barry/K-4716-2012; NCEO, COMET+`/A-3443-2013; OI Wright, Tim/0000-0001-8338-5935; Biggs, Juliet/0000-0002-4855-039X NR 57 TC 116 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 170 IS 3 BP 1165 EP 1179 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03415.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 203DW UT WOS:000248956300017 ER PT J AU Haney, MM AF Haney, Matthew M. TI Generalization of von Neumann analysis for a model of two discrete half-spaces: The acoustic case SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; SEISMIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; STABILITY; SEISMOGRAMS; EQUATIONS AB Evaluating the performance of finite-difference algorithms typically uses a technique known as von Neumann analysis. For a given algorithm, application of the technique yields both a dispersion relation valid for the discrete timespace grid and a mathematical condition for stability. In practice, a major shortcoming of conventional von Neumann analysis is that it can be applied only to an idealized numerical model - that of an infinite, homogeneous whole space. Experience has shown that numerical instabilities often arise in finite-difference simulations of wave propagation at interfaces with strong material contrasts. These interface instabilities occur even though the conventional von Neumann stability criterion may be satisfied at each point of the numerical model. To address this issue, I generalize von Neumann analysis for a model of two half-spaces. I perform the analysis for the case of acoustic wave propagation using a standard staggered-grid finite-difference numerical scheme. By deriving expressions for the discrete reflection and transmission coefficients, I study under what conditions the discrete reflection and transmission coefficients become unbounded. I find that instabilities encountered in numerical modeling near interfaces with strong material contrasts are linked to these cases and develop a modified stability criterion that takes into account the resulting instabilities. I test and verify the stability criterion by executing a finite-difference algorithm under conditions predicted to be stable and unstable. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haney, MM (reprint author), USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK USA. EM mhaney@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 72 IS 5 SU S BP SM35 EP SM46 DI 10.1190/1.2750639 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 217MV UT WOS:000249952900004 ER PT J AU Mckee, KL Cahoon, DR Feller, IC AF Mckee, Karen L. Cahoon, Donald R. Feller, Ilka C. TI Caribbean mangroves adjust to rising sea level through biotic controls on change in soil elevation SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE accretion; decomposition; elevation change; habitat stability; Holocene; nutrients; radiocarbon; Rhizophora; subsidence ID VS. PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; SURFACE ELEVATION; C-14 DATES; FORESTS; BELIZE; PEAT; VEGETATION; GRADIENT; COLLAPSE; TSUNAMI AB Aim The long-term stability of coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and salt marshes depends upon the maintenance of soil elevations within the intertidal habitat as sea level changes. We examined the rates and processes of peat formation by mangroves of the Caribbean Region to better understand biological controls on habitat stability. Location Mangrove-dominated islands on the Caribbean coasts of Belize, Honduras and Panama were selected as study sites. Methods Biological processes controlling mangrove peat formation were manipulated (in Belize) by the addition of nutrients (nitrogen or phosphorus) to Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), and the effects on the dynamics of soil elevation were determined over a 3-year period using rod surface elevation tables (RSET) and marker horizons. Peat composition and geological accretion rates were determined at all sites using radiocarbon-dated cores. Results The addition of nutrients to mangroves caused significant changes in rates of mangrove root accumulation, which influenced both the rate and direction of change in elevation. Areas with low root input lost elevation and those with high rates gained elevation. These findings were consistent with peat analyses at multiple Caribbean sites showing that deposits (up to 10 m in depth) were composed primarily of mangrove root matter. Comparison of radiocarbon-dated cores at the study sites with a sea-level curve for the western Atlantic indicated a tight coupling between peat building in Caribbean mangroves and sea-level rise over the Holocene. Main conclusions Mangroves common to the Caribbean region have adjusted to changing sea level mainly through subsurface accumulation of refractory mangrove roots. Without root and other organic inputs, submergence of these tidal forests is inevitable due to peat decomposition, physical compaction and eustatic sea-level rise. These findings have relevance for predicting the effects of sea-level rise and biophysical processes on tropical mangrove ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Mckee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM karen_mckee@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 49 TC 167 Z9 174 U1 10 U2 116 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 545 EP 556 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00317.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 203FA UT WOS:000248959300001 ER PT J AU Foglia, L Mehl, SW Hill, MC Perona, P Burlando, P AF Foglia, L. Mehl, S. W. Hill, M. C. Perona, P. Burlando, P. TI Testing alternative ground water models using cross-validation and other methods SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-REGRESSION; TIME-SERIES; PREDICTIONS; FLOW; INFERENCE; SELECTION AB Many methods can be used to test alternative ground water models. Of concern in this work are methods able to (1) rank alternative models (also called model discrimination) and (2) identify observations important to parameter estimates and predictions (equivalent to the purpose served by some types of sensitivity analysis). Some of the measures investigated are computationally efficient; others are computationally demanding. The latter are generally needed to account for model nonlinearity. The efficient model discrimination methods investigated include the information criteria: the corrected Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and generalized cross-validation. The efficient sensitivity analysis measures used are dimensionless scaled sensitivity (DSS), composite scaled sensitivity, and parameter correlation coefficient (PCC); the other statistics are DFBETAS, Cook's D, and observation-prediction statistic. Acronyms are explained in the introduction. Cross-validation (CV) is a computationally intensive nonlinear method that is used for both model discrimination and sensitivity analysis. The methods are tested using up to five alternative parsimoniously constructed models of the ground water system of the Maggia Valley in southern Switzerland. The alternative models differ in their representation of hydraulic conductivity. A new method for graphically representing CV and sensitivity analysis results for complex models is presented and used to evaluate the utility of the efficient statistics. The results indicate that for model selection, the information criteria produce similar results at much smaller computational cost than CV. For identifying important observations, the only obviously inferior linear measure is DSS; the poor performance was expected because DSS does not include the effects of parameter correlation and PCC reveals large parameter correlations. C1 ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Foglia, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lfogila@ucdavis.edu RI Foglia, Laura/D-9526-2014; OI Perona, Paolo/0000-0002-5445-1451 NR 41 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 627 EP 641 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00341.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 203DZ UT WOS:000248956600013 PM 17760588 ER PT J AU Rectanus, HV Widdowson, MA Chapelle, FH Kelly, CA Novak, JT AF Rectanus, Heather V. Widdowson, Mark A. Chapelle, Francis H. Kelly, Catherine A. Novak, John T. TI Investigation of reductive dechlorination supported by natural organic carbon SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID ENRICHMENT CULTURE; ELECTRON-DONORS; TETRACHLOROETHENE; HYDROGEN; MATTER; WATER; SOIL; BIOAVAILABILITY; DEHALOGENATION; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Because remediation timeframes using monitored natural attenuation may span decades or even centuries at chlorinated solvent sites, new approaches are needed to assess the long-term sustainability of reductive dechlorination in ground water systems. In this study, extraction procedures were used to investigate the mass of indigenous organic carbon in aquifer sediment, and experiments were conducted to determine if the extracted carbon could support reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes. Aquifer sediment cores were collected from a site without an anthropogenic source of organic carbon where organic carbon varied from 0.02% to 0.12%. Single extraction results showed that 1% to 28% of sediment-associated organic carbon and 2% to 36% of the soft carbon were removed depending on nature and concentration of the extracting solution (Nanopure water; 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% sodium pyrophosphate; and 0.5 N sodium hydroxide). Soft carbon is defined as organic carbon oxidized with potassium persulfate and is assumed to serve as a source of biodegradable carbon within the aquifer. Biodegradability studies demonstrated that 20% to 40% of extracted organic carbon was biodegraded aerobically and anaerobically by soil microorganisms in relatively brief tests (45 d). A five-step extraction procedure consisting of 0.1% pyrophosphate and base solutions was investigated to quantify bioavailable organic carbon. Using the extracted carbon as the sole electron donor source, tetrachloroethene was transformed to cis-1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in anaerobic enrichment culture experiments. Hydrogen gas was produced at levels necessary to sustain reductive dechlorination (> 1 nM). C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. Malcolm Pirnie Inc, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), 3990 Old Town Ave,Suite 205C, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM mwiddows@vt.edu; chapelle@usgs.gov RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2007.00173.x PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 233TA UT WOS:000251112000005 ER PT J AU Kapfer, JM Sandheinrich, MB Knutson, MG AF Kapfer, Joshua M. Sandheinrich, Mark B. Knutson, Melinda G. TI USE OF FETAX TO EXAMINE ACUTE SURVIVAL OF XENOPUS LAEVIS LARVAE IN WATER FROM NATURAL AND CONSTRUCTED PONDS IN THE UPPER MIDWEST SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; anurans; effects; FETAX; pond; type; Xenopus laevis ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; MALFORMATIONS; EXTINCTIONS; DEFORMITIES; COMPLEXITY; INFECTION; DECLINES; ATRAZINE AB Agricultural ponds are exposed to many contaminants that can negatively affect breeding amphibians. Despite the risks, such ponds are important amphibian breeding habitat if natural wetlands are scarce. We compared the survival of Xenopus laevis larvae reared in water from natural and constructed ponds. Grazed ponds had higher nutrient levels (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) than natural ponds in 2000, but we observed no difference in nutrients between agricultural and natural ponds in 2001. All treatments had high survival rates (74-91%) in both years and we detected no significant differences in survival among treatments. These results support previous research on the same test ponds; thus we conclude that certain constructed agricultural ponds in the Driftless Area ecoregion of the Upper Midwest may be suitable for anuran larval survival. However, it is difficult to determine the biological significance of our findings, as indirect factors that could not be controlled for during this research, may influence the water chemistry of ponds in this region. C1 [Kapfer, Joshua M.; Sandheinrich, Mark B.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Knutson, Melinda G.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Kapfer, Joshua M.; Sandheinrich, Mark B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Kapfer, JM (reprint author), Nat Resources Consulting Inc, 119 S Main St,POB 128, Cottage Grove, WI 53527 USA. EM jnjkapfer@hotmail.com FU Minnesota Environmental and Natural Resources Trust; U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center (UMESC), La Crosse, Wisconsin; River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse FX Funding for this project was provided by the Minnesota Environmental and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources; the U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center (UMESC), La Crosse, Wisconsin and the River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. We thank Sam Bourassa, Ben Campbell, Joel Jahimiak, Shane Jones, Kevin Miller, Jeff Parmelee, David Reineke, Bill Richardson, Paul Stoelting, and Shawn Weick for assistance. Daniel Sutherland, Robin Tyser, Tom Custer, Patricia Heglund, Kirk Lohman, Walter Sadinski, Erik Wild and numerous anonymous reviewers graciously commented on earlier drafts. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MT UT WOS:000207806800007 ER PT J AU Rodda, GH Farley, JL Bischof, R Reed, RN AF Rodda, Gordon H. Farley, Jennifer L. Bischof, Richard Reed, Robert N. TI NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SNAKE BARRIER TECHNOLOGY: FLY-ASH COVERED WALL OFFERS A FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVE FOR PERMANENT BARRIERS TO BROWN TREESNAKES (BOIGA IRREGULARIS) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; Brown Treesnake; conservation; Guam; invasive species; Mariana Islands; snake barrier ID ISLAND; GUAM AB Barriers to Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) movement are a useful tool for reducing the risk of this invasive species' dispersal from Guam to unoccupied areas and to prevent re-colonization of areas subjected to snake control. We investigated the feasibility of a fly-ash covered wall design as a Brown Treesnake barrier. We tested a mock-up of the wall design with two surface types (rough and smooth) by providing Brown Treesnakes access to the wall as the only potential escape route from a test chamber. All of the 100 snakes tested on the smooth finish were contained by the wall, and one out of 153 snakes tested on the rough finish was able to breach the wall. Extremely large snake size appeared to be the only factor contributing to the successful scaling attempt. We conclude that this new wall design may provide a feasible and cost-effective alternative to existing wall designs, provided it meets criteria for structural integrity and longevity under environmental conditions present on Guam and other Pacific islands. C1 [Rodda, Gordon H.; Reed, Robert N.] USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Brown Treesnake Project, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Reed, RN (reprint author), USGS Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Brown Treesnake Project, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM robert_reed@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey; US Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs FX The US Geological Survey and the US Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs provided funding for this work. We thank USDA Wildlife Services for providing the bulk of our test sample, and Isaac Chellman, Karen Garrod, Arron Tuggle, Tom Hinkle, Jim Stanford, and Pete Reynolds for their assistance with acquiring snakes from the field and pre- and post-trial data collection in the laboratory. Shane Siers provided Figure 1. Richard Perry and Wondertec International provided the barrier mock-up and supporting information. We are grateful to the US Fish and Wildlife Service for use of their facilities on the Guam National Wildlife Refuge. The mention of any commercial products in this paper does not equate to endorsement of these products by the authors, US Geological Survey or the United States Government. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MT UT WOS:000207806800012 ER PT J AU Wahl, D Byrne, R Schreiner, T Hansen, R AF Wahl, David Byrne, Roger Schreiner, Thomas Hansen, Richard TI Palaeolimnological evidence of late-Holocene settlement and abandonment in the Mirador Basin, Peten, Guatemala SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE pollen; LOI; maize; early agriculture; human impacts; forest clearance; climate; Maya; Guatemala; late Holocene ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; EVOLUTION AB Pollen, loss on ignition and magnetic susceptibility analyses provide a high-resolution palaeoenvironmental record from Lago Puerto Arturo, Peten, Guatemala. The presence of Zea pollen similar to 2650 BC provides a latest date for the arrival of maize agriculture to the region. The following 3600 years are marked by significant opening of the forest and episodic pulses of erosion. During the early Preclassic, around 1450 BC, all proxies indicate an abrupt increase in human activity, coincident with archaeological evidence of early settlement. Three discrete periods of decreased human activity are indicated by cessations of landscape disturbance. Such decreased human activity likely reflects periodic local population decline. These events coincide with times of cultural transition in the Maya lowlands and correspond to the terminal phases of the middle Preclassic, late Preclassic and late Classic periods. There is no evidence for human activity in the area following the late Classic abandonment. C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Amer Indian Studies Program, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Wahl, D (reprint author), USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 975, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dwahl@usgs.gov OI Wahl, David/0000-0002-0451-3554 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 813 EP 820 DI 10.1177/0959683607080522 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 226XZ UT WOS:000250623100010 ER PT J AU Dohm, JM Barlow, NG Anderson, RC Williams, JP Miyamoto, H Ferris, JC Strom, RG Taylor, J Fairen, AG Baker, VR Boynton, WV Keller, JM Kerry, K Janes, D Rodriguez, JAP Hare, TM AF Dohm, James M. Barlow, Nadine G. Anderson, Robert C. Williams, Jean-Pierre Miyamoto, Hirdy Ferris, Justin C. Strom, Robert G. Taylor, Jeffrey Fairen, Alberto G. Baker, Victor R. Boynton, William V. Keller, John M. Kerry, Kris Janes, Daniel Rodriguez, J. A. P. Hare, Trent M. TI Possible ancient giant basin and related water enrichment in the Arabia Terra province, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Mars; geological processes; geophysics; impact processes; tectonics ID PLANETARY WRINKLE RIDGES; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; CRATER EJECTA; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; ORIGIN; THARSIS; TOPOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; ICE AB A circular albedo feature in the Arabia Terra province was first hypothesized as an ancient impact basin using Viking-era information. To test this unpublished hypothesis, we have analyzed the Viking era-information together with layers of new data derived from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Odyssey (MO) missions. Our analysis indicates that Arabia Terra is an ancient geologic province of Mars with many distinct characteristics, including predominantly Noachian materials, a unique part of the highland-lowland boundary, a prominent paleotectonic history, the largest region of fretted terrain on the planet, outflow channels with no obvious origins, extensive exposures of eroded layered sedimentary deposits, and notable structural, albedo, thermal inertia, gravity, magnetic, and elemental signatures. The province also is marked by special impact crater morphologies, which suggest a persistent volatile-rich substrate. No one characteristic provides definitive answers to the dominant event(s) that shaped this unique province. Collectively the characteristics reported here support the following hypothesized sequence of events in Arabia Terra: (1) an enormous basin, possibly of impact origin, formed early in martian history when the magnetic dynamo was active and the lithosphere was relatively thin, (2) sediments and other materials were deposited in the basin during high erosion rates while maintaining isostatic equilibrium, (3) sediments became water enriched during the Noachian Period, and (4) basin materials were uplifted in response to the growth of the Tharsis Bulge, resulting in differential erosion exposing ancient stratigraphic sequences. Parts of the ancient basin remain water-enriched to the present day. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol, Madrid 28049, Spain. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Inst Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; OI Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 115 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 2007 VL 190 IS 1 BP 74 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.006 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204EB UT WOS:000249025300006 ER PT J AU Osterkamp, WR Gray, JR Laronne, JB Martin, JR AF Osterkamp, W. R. Gray, J. R. Laronne, J. B. Martin, J. R. TI Structure and composition of a Watershed-Scale Sediment Information Network SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment information; monitoring system; International Sediment Initiative; WaSSIN AB A "Watershed-Scale Sediment Information Network" (WaSSIN), designed to complement UNESCO's International Sedimentation Initiative, was endorsed as an initial project by the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. WaSSIN is to address global fluvial-sediment information needs through a network approach based on consistent protocols for the collection, analysis, and storage of fluvial-sediment and ancillary information at smaller spatial scales than those of the International Sedimentation Initiative. As a second step of implementation, it is proposed herein that the WaSSIN have a general structure of two components, (1) monitoring and data acquisition and (2) research. Monitoring is to be conducted in small watersheds, each of which has an established database for discharge of water and suspended sediment and possibly for bed load, bed material, and bed topography. Ideally, documented protocols have been used for collecting, analyzing, storing, and sharing the derivative data. The research component is to continue the collection and interpretation of data, to compare those data among candidate watersheds, and to detennine gradients of fluxes and processes among the selected watersheds. To define gradients and evaluate processes, the initial watersheds will have several common attributes. Watersheds of the first group will be: (1) six to ten in number, (2) less than 1000 kin 2 in area, (3) generally in mid-latitudes of continents, and (4) of semiarid climate. Potential candidate watersheds presently include the Weany Creek Basin, northeastern Australia, the Zhi Fanggou catchment, northern China, the Eshtemoa Watershed, southern Israel, the Metsemotlhaba River Basin, Botswana, the Aiuaba Experimental Basin, Brazil, and the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, southwestern United States. C1 [Osterkamp, W. R.; Martin, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Gray, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Laronne, J. B.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geog & Environm Dev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Osterkamp, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM wroster@usgs.gov; jrgray@usgs.gov; john@bgu.ac.il; jrm5@email.arizona.edu RI LARONNE, JONATHAN/F-1119-2012 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IRTCES PI BEIJING PA PO BOX 366, BEIJING, 100044, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6279 J9 INT J SEDIMENT RES JI Int. J. Sediment Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 238 EP 246 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 320BX UT WOS:000257209800008 ER PT J AU Slone, DH Sullivan, BT AF Slone, D. H. Sullivan, B. T. TI An automated approach to detecting signals in electroantennogram data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE olfaction; antennogram; statistical model; semiochemical; signal-to-noise ratio ID SEX-PHEROMONE; VOLATILES; RESPONSES; IDENTIFICATION; MOTH AB Coupled gas chromatography/electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) is a widely used method for identifying insect olfactory stimulants present in mixtures of volatiles, and it can greatly accelerate the identification of insect semiochemicals. In GC-EAD, voltage changes across an insect's antenna are measured while the antenna is exposed to compounds eluting from a gas chromatograph. The antenna thus serves as a selective GC detector whose output can be compared to that of a "general" GC detector, commonly a flame ionization detector. Appropriate interpretation of GC-EAD results requires that olfaction-related voltage changes in the antenna be distinguishable from background noise that arises inevitably from antennal preparations and the GC-EAD-associated hardware. In this paper, we describe and compare mathematical algorithms for discriminating olfaction-generated signals in an EAD trace from background noise. The algorithms amplify signals by recognizing their characteristic shape and wavelength while suppressing unstructured noise. We have found these algorithms to be both powerful and highly discriminatory even when applied to noisy traces where the signals would be difficult to discriminate by eye. This new methodology removes operator bias as a factor in signal identification, can improve realized sensitivity of the EAD system, and reduces the number of runs required to confirm the identity of an olfactory stimulant. C1 USGS, Florida Intgrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Insect Res, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Slone, DH (reprint author), USGS, Florida Intgrated Sci Ctr, 2201 NW 40th Ter, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. EM dslone@usgs.gov OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1748 EP 1762 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9338-6 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210HF UT WOS:000249446600008 PM 17668268 ER PT J AU Manolopoulos, H Schauer, JJ Purcell, MD Rudolph, TM Olson, ML Rodger, B Krabbenhoft, DP AF Manolopoulos, Helen Schauer, James J. Purcell, Mark D. Rudolph, Todd M. Olson, Mark L. Rodger, Bruce Krabbenhoft, Dave P. TI Local and regional factors affecting atmospheric mercury speciation at a remote location SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric mercury species; Devil's Lake; semi-continuous measurements; fog; receptor-based modeling ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; EULERIAN MODELING FRAMEWORK; GOLD AMALGAMATION; DEPOSITION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY; EUROPE; AIR AB Atmospheric concentrations of elemental (Hg(0)), reactive gaseous (RGM), and particulate (PHg) mercury were measured at two remote sites in the midwestern United States. Concurrent measurements of Hg(0), PHg, and RGM obtained at Devil's Lake and Mt. Horeb, located approximately 65 kin apart, showed that Hg(0) and PHg concentrations were affected by regional, as well as local sources, while RGM was mainly impacted by local sources. Plumes reaching the Devil's Lake site from a nearby coal-fired power plant significantly impacted SO(2) and RGM concentrations at Devil's Lake, but had little impact on Hg(0). Our findings suggest that traditional modeling approaches to assess sources of mercury deposited that utilize source emissions and large-scale grids may not be sufficient to predict mercury deposition at sensitive locations due to the importance of small-scale sources and processes. We suggest the use of a receptor-based monitoring to better understand mercury source-receptor relationships. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53562 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Schauer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, 660 N Pk st, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jschauer@engr.wisc.edu NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1496-2551 J9 J ENVIRON ENG SCI JI J. Environ. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 6 IS 5 BP 491 EP 501 DI 10.1139/S07-005 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216UO UT WOS:000249904700004 ER PT J AU Hermans, C Erickson, J Noordewier, T Sheldon, A Kline, M AF Hermans, Caroline Erickson, Jon Noordewier, Tom Sheldon, Amy Kline, Mike TI Collaborative environmental planning in river management: An application of multicriteria decision analysis in the White River Watershed in Vermont SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE outranking PROMETHEE; participatory process; MCDA ID PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION PROCESS; RESOURCES; DAM AB Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) provides a well-established family of decision tools to aid stakeholder groups in arriving at collective decisions. MCDA can also function as a framework for the social learning process, serving as an educational aid in decision problems characterized by a high level of public participation. In this paper, the framework and results of a structured decision process using the outranking MCDA methodology preference ranking organization method of enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) are presented. PROMETHEE is used to frame multi-stakeholder discussions of river management alternatives for the Upper White River of Central Vermont, in the northeastern United States. Stakeholders met over 10 months to create a shared vision of an ideal river and its services to communities, develop a list of criteria by which to evaluate river management alternatives, and elicit preferences to rank and compare individual and group preferences. The MCDA procedure helped to frame a group process that made stakeholder preferences explicit and substantive discussions about long-term river management possible. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr 344, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Business Adm, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. White River Partnership, Rochester, VT 05767 USA. Dept Environm Conservat, Water Qual Div, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. RP Hermans, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM chermans@usgs.gov RI Erickson, Jon/C-4020-2009 NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 84 IS 4 BP 534 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.07.013 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 196UW UT WOS:000248508700015 PM 17029759 ER PT J AU Nevers, MB Whitman, RL Frick, WE Ge, ZF AF Nevers, Meredith B. Whitman, Richard L. Frick, Walter E. Ge, Zhongfu TI Interaction and influence of two creeks on Escherichia coli concentrations of nearby beaches: Exploration of predictability and mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; COASTAL WATER-QUALITY; HUNTINGTON-BEACH; SURF ZONE; ENTEROCOCCI; INACTIVATION; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; SEAWATER AB The impact of river outfalls on beach water quality depends on numerous interacting factors. The delivery of contaminants by multiple creeks greatly complicates understanding of the source contributions, especially when pollution might originate up- or down-coast of beaches. We studied two beaches along Lake Michigan that are located between two creek outfalls to determine the hydrometeorologic factors influencing near-shore microbiologic water quality and the relative impact of the creeks. The creeks continuously delivered water with high concentrations of Escherichia colt to Lake Michigan, and the direction of transport of these bacteria I was affected by current direction. Current direction reversals were associated with elevated E coli concentrations at Central Avenue beach. Rainfall, barometric pressure, wave height, wave period, and creek specific conductance were significantly related to E coli concentration at the beaches and were the parameters used in predictive models that best described E coli variation at the two beaches. Multiple inputs to numerous beaches complicates the analysis and understanding of the relative relationship of sources but affords opportunities for showing how these complex creek inputs might interact to yield collective or individual effects on beach water quality. C1 USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Nevers, MB (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. EM mnevers@usgs.gov OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1338 EP 1345 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0025 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217CY UT WOS:000249927200014 PM 17636296 ER PT J AU Stumm, F Chu, A Joesten, PK Lane, JW AF Stumm, F. Chu, A. Joesten, P. K. Lane, J. W., Jr. TI Geohydrologic assessment of fractured crystalline bedrock on the southern part of Manhattan, New York, through the use of advanced borehole geophysical methods SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fractured rock; borehole-geophysics; ground-water; Manhattan; geohydrologic ID FLOW AB Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to assess the geohydrology of fractured crystalline bedrock in 31 of 64 boreholes on the southern part of Manhattan Island, NY in preparation of the construction of a new water tunnel. The study area is located in a highly urbanized part of New York City. The boreholes penetrated gneiss, schist, and other crystalline bedrock that has an overall southwest-to northwest-dipping foliation. Most of the fractures intersected are nearly horizontal or have moderate- to high-angle northwest or eastward dip azimuths. Heat-pulse flowmeter logs obtained under nonpumping ( ambient) and pumping conditions, together with other geophysical logs, delineated transmissive fracture zones in each borehole. Water-level and flowmeter data suggest the fractured-rock ground-water-flow system is interconnected. The 60 MHz directional borehole-radar logs delineated the location and orientation of several radar reflectors that did not intersect the projection of the borehole. A total of 53 faults intersected by the boreholes have mean orientation populations of N12 degrees W, 66 degrees W and N11 degrees W, 70 degrees E. A total of 77 transmissive fractures delineated using the heat-pulse flowmeter have mean orientations of N11 degrees E, 14 degrees SE ( majority) and N23 degrees E, 57 degrees NW ( minority). The transmissivity of the bedrock boreholes ranged from 0.7 to 870 feet squared (ft(2)) per day (0.07 to 81 metres squared (m(2)) per day). C1 US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Coram, NY 11727 USA. US Geol Survey, Branch Gepphys, Storrs, CT USA. RP Stumm, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Coram, NY 11727 USA. EM fstumm@usgs.gov; achu@usgs.gov; pjoesten@usgs.gov; jwlane@usgs.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-2132 J9 J GEOPHYS ENG JI J. Geophys. Eng. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1088/1742-2132/4/3/S02 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 206ZV UT WOS:000249222300002 ER PT J AU French, JRP Adams, JV Craig, J Stickel, RG Nichols, SJ Fleischer, GW AF French, John R. P., III Adams, Jean V. Craig, Jaquelyn Stickel, Richard G. Nichols, S. Jerrine Fleischer, Guy W. TI Shell-free biomass and population dynamics of dreissenids in offshore Lake Michigan, 2001-2003 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dreissenids; lake Michigan; distribution; body mass; recruitment ID LOWER GREAT-LAKES; ZEBRA MUSSEL; POLYMORPHA; BUGENSIS; ERIE; DEPTH; COMMUNITY; FLOW AB The USGS-Great Lakes Science Center has collected dreissenid mussels annually from Lake Michigan since zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) became a significant portion of the bottom-trawl catch in 1999. For this study, we investigated dreissenid distribution, body mass, and recruitment at different depths in Lake Michigan during 2001-2003. The highest densities of dreissenid biomass were observed from depths of 27 to 46 m. The biomass of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) increased exponentially during 2001-2003, while that of zebra mussels did not change significantly. Body mass (standardized for a given shell length) of both species was lowest from depths of 27 to 37m, highest from 55 to 64 m, and declined linearly at deeper depths during 2001-2003. Recruitment in 2003, as characterized by the proportion of mussels < 11 mm in the catch, varied with depth and lake region. For quagga mussels, recruitment declined linearly with depth, and was highest in northern Lake Michigan. For zebra mussels, recruitment generally declined non-linearly with depth, although the pattern was different for north, mid, and southern Lake Michigan. Our analyses suggest that quagga mussels could overtake zebra mussels and become the most abundant mollusk in terms of biomass in Lake Michigan. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP French, JRP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM frenchjrp@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 536 EP 545 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[536:SBAPDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223JE UT WOS:000250365400002 ER PT J AU Lantry, BF O'Gorman, R AF Lantry, Brian F. O'Gorman, Robert TI Drying temperature effects on fish dry mass measurements SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE drying time; energy density; lake trout; rainbow smelt; slimy sculpin; alewife ID BODY ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ENERGY DENSITY; LAKE-MICHIGAN; YELLOW PERCH; SEASONAL-CHANGES; NONDESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT; OVERWINTER MORTALITY; CALORIC DENSITIES; GROWTH; SIZE AB Analysis of tissue composition in fish often requires dry samples. Time needed to dry fish decreases as temperature is increased, but additional volatile material may be lost. Effects of 10 degrees C temperature increases on percentage dry mass (%DM) were tested against 60 degrees C controls for groups of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus, and alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. Lake trout %DMs were lower at greater temperatures, but not significantly different from 60 degrees C controls. Rainbow smelt and slimy sculpin %DMs were lower at greater temperatures and differences were significant when test temperatures reached 90 degrees C. Significant differences were not found in tests using alewives because variability in %DM was high between fish. To avoid inter-fish variability, 30 alewives were each dried successively at 60, 70, 80, and then 90 degrees C and for all fish %DM declined at each higher temperature. In general, %DMs were lower at greater temperatures and after reaching a stable dry weight, fish did not lose additional mass if temperature remained constant. Results indicate that caution should be used when comparing dry mass related indices from fish dried at different temperatures because %DM was negatively related to temperature. The differences in %DM observed with rising temperature could account for substantial portions of the variability in reported energy values for the species tested. Differences in %DM means for the 60 vs. 80 degrees C and 60 vs. 90 degrees C tests for rainbow smelt and alewife could represent of from 8 to 38% of observed annual energy cycles for Lakes Ontario and Michigan. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Lantry, BF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM bflantry@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 606 EP 616 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[606:DTEOFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223JE UT WOS:000250365400008 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Fellers, GM Lind, AJ AF Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Fellers, Gary M. Lind, Amy J. TI Amphibian populations in the terrestrial environment: Is there evidence of declines of terrestrial forest amphibians in northwestern California? SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; NATURAL FLUCTUATIONS; HABITAT DESTRUCTION; HUMAN IMPACTS; HYPOTHESES; EXTINCTION; SITE AB Amphibian declines have been documented worldwide; however the vast majority are species associated with aquatic habitats. Information on the status and trends of terrestrial amphibians is almost entirely lacking. Here we use data collected across a 12-yr period (sampling from 1984-86 and from 1993-95) to address the question of whether evidence exists for declines among terrestrial amphibians in northwestern California forests. The majority of amphibians, both species and relative numbers, in these forests are direct-developing salamanders of the family Plethodontidae. We examined amphibian richness and evenness, and the relative abundances of the four most common species of plethodontid salamanders. We examined evidence of differences between years in two ecological provinces (coastal and interior) and across young, mature, and late seral forests and with reference to a moisture gradient from xeric to hydric within late seral forests. We found evidence of declines in species richness across years on late seral mesic stands and in the coastal ecological province, but these differences appeared to be caused by differences in the detection of rarer species, rather than evidence of an overall pattern. We also found differences among specific years in numbers of individuals of the most abundant species, Ensatina eschscholtzii, but these differences also failed to reflect a consistent pattern of declines between the two decadal sample periods. Results showing differences in richness, evenness, and relative abundances along both the seral and moisture continua were consistent with previous research. Overall, we found no compelling evidence of a downward trend in terrestrial plethodontid salamanders. We believe that continued monitoring of terrestrial salamander populations is important to understanding mechanisms of population declines in amphibian species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us; gary_fellers@usgs.gov; alind@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[469:APITTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 212SN UT WOS:000249617200015 ER PT J AU Wang, YP Guo, ZW Pearl, CA Li, YM AF Wang, Yanping Guo, Zhongwei Pearl, Christopher A. Li, Yiming TI Body size affects the predatory interactions between introduced American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and native anurans in China: An experimental study SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIET COMPOSITION; SPOTTED FROGS; PREY; SELECTION; OREGON; ARCHIPELAGO; COMPETITION; CALIFORNIA; INVASION; SUNFISH AB Introduced American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) have established breeding populations in several provinces in China since their introduction in 1959. Although Bullfrogs are viewed as a potentially important predator of Chinese native anurans, their impacts in the field are difficult to quantify. We used two experiments to examine factors likely to mediate Bullfrog predation on native anurans. First, we examined effects of Bullfrog size and sex on daily consumption of a common Chinese native (Rana lininocliaris). Second, we examined whether Bullfrogs consumed similar proportions of four Chinese natives: Black-Spotted Pond Frog (Rana nigromaculata), Green Pond Frog (Rana plancyi plancyi), Rice Frog (R. lininocharis), and Zhoushan Toad (Bufo bufo gargarizans). We found that larger Rana catesbeiana consumed more R. limnocharis per day than did smaller R. catesbeiana, and that daily consumption of R. limnocharis was positively related to R. catesbeiana body size. When provided with adults of four anurans that differed significantly in body size, R. catesbeiana consumed more individuals of the smallest species (R. limnocharis). However, when provided with similarly sized juveniles of the same four species, R. catesbeiana did not consume any species more than expected by chance. Our results suggest that body size plays an important role in the predatory interactions between R. catesbeiana and Chinese native anurans and that, other things being equal, smaller species and individuals are at greater risk of predation by R. catesbeiana. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Li, YM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, 25 Beisihuanxi Rd, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM liym@ioz.ac.cn NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[514:BSATPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 212SN UT WOS:000249617200020 ER PT J AU Reiter, ME Lapointe, DA AF Reiter, Matthew E. Lapointe, Dennis A. TI Landscape factors influencing the spatial distribution and abundance of mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera : Culicidae) in a mixed residential-agricultural community in Hawai'i SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; Culex quinquefaciatus; Hawai'i; land use; Plasinodiunt relictuin. ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COUNT DATA; MALARIA; BIRDS; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; INVASIONS; DISEASES; ECOLOGY AB Mosquito-borne avian diseases, principally avian malaria (Plasinodium relictum Grassi and Feletti) and avian pox (Avipoxvirus sp.) have been implicated as the key limiting factor associated with recent declines of endemic avifauna in the Hawaiian Island archipelago. We present data on the relative abundance, infection status, and spatial distribution of the primary mosquito vector Culex quinqucfasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) across a mixed, residential-agricultural community adjacent to Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park on Hawai'i Island. We modeled the effect of agriculture and forest fragmentation in determining relative abundance of adult Cx. quinquefasciatus in Volcano Village, and we implement our statistical model in a geographic information system to generate a probability of mosquito capture prediction surface for the study area. Our model was based on biweekly captures of adult mosquitoes from 20 locations within Volcano Village from October 2001 to April 2003. We used mixed effects logistic regression to model the probability of capturing a mosquito, and we developed a set of 17 competing models a priori to specifically evaluate the effect of agriculture and fragmentation (i.e., residential landscapes) at two spatial scales. In total, 2,126 mosquitoes were captured in CO2-baited traps with an average probability of 0.27 (SE = 0.10) of capturing one or more mosquitoes per trap night. Twelve percent of mosquitoes captured were infected with P. relictum. Our data indicate that agricultural lands and forest fragmentation significantly increase the probability of mosquito capture. The prediction surface identified areas along the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park boundary that may have high relative abundance of the vector. Our data document the potential of avian malaria transmission in residential-agricultural landscapes and support the need for vector management that extends beyond reserve boundaries and considers a reserve's spatial position in a highly heterogeneous landscape. C1 Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Reiter, ME (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, 2530 Dole St,Sakamaki Hall D-100, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM reit0l27@umn.edu OI LaPointe, Dennis/0000-0002-6323-263X NR 42 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 861 EP 868 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[861:LFITSD]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 206JF UT WOS:000249179000020 PM 17915520 ER PT J AU Livezey, KB AF Livezey, Kent B. TI Barred owl habitat and prey: A review and synthesis of the literature SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Barred owl; Strix varia; habitat; prey ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; STRIX-VARIA; SITE CHARACTERISTICS; CASCADE MOUNTAINS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; BOREAL FOREST; INDIAN FIRES; RANGE; WASHINGTON; ASSOCIATIONS AB Barred Owls (Strix varia) historically inhabited the forests of eastern North America. During the last century, they expanded their range to include forests throughout the southern provinces of Canada, southeastern Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California. To date, there has been no synthesis of the varied habitats or prey used by Barred Owls in their expanded range. Here I review and synthesize studies concerning habitat (N= 114) and prey (N= 43) of Barred Owls throughout North America north of Mexico. Barred Owls nested in wilderness areas and national parks as well as small suburban woodlots. They typically preferred old or mature, mixed deciduous/ coniferous forests with fairly high canopy closure. Barred Owl nests in natural locations (N= 341) were in cavities (74.8%), hawk nests (12.9%), tops of hollow trees (8.2%), squirrel nests (2.1%) and other locations (2.1%). Trees used by Barred Owls for nesting (N= 169) included 22 genera, although one-fourth of all reported nest trees were Populus. Barred Owls used significantly more coniferous nest trees than deciduous nest trees in their expanded range vs. their historic range. They also nested in nest-boxes (N = 103), in buildings (N = 6), on nesting platforms (N= 2), on the ground (N= 2), in a creek bank (N= 1), and under a bridge (N= 1). Prey individuals (N = 7077) obtained from pellets (N = 5504) were mammals (74.7%), birds (8.3%), amphibians (6.4%), insects and spiders (5.6%), crayfish (3.0%), fish (1.5%), reptiles, snails and slugs, and earthworms (< 1.0% each). The distribution of prey types documented by other means (e.g., observations, prey remains; N= 1573) was significantly different, due especially to more earthworms in non-pellet samples: mammals (62.0%), birds (13.5%), insects and spiders (9.5%), amphibians (4.8%), earthworms (4.5%), fish (3.3%), reptiles (1.1 %), snails, and crayfish (< 1.0% each). The distributions of prey types in all samples that could be placed into winter or non-winter months (N= 4631) differed seasonally, with more mammals in the winter diet (98.4%, vs. 58.9% in non-winter months) and more birds (11.9%), insects or spiders (11.4%), amphibians (10.7%), earthworms (2.3%), fish (2.0%), and crayfish (2.0%) in non-winter months. C1 Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Livezey, KB (reprint author), Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 510 Desmond Dr, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM kent_livezey@fws.gov NR 174 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 12 U2 65 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 EI 2162-4569 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 177 EP 201 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[177:BOHAPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 220IS UT WOS:000250151000001 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Yee, JL Yarris, GS Miller, MR Casazza, ML AF Fleskes, Joseph P. Yee, Julie L. Yarris, Gregory S. Miller, Michael R. Casazza, Michael L. TI Pintail and mallard survival in California relative to habitat, abundance, and hunting SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; Anas platryhynchos; California; Central Valley; mallard; northern pintail; radiotelemetry; winter survival ID FEMALE NORTHERN PINTAILS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; PLAYA LAKES REGION; SUMMER SURVIVAL; WINTER SURVIVAL; AMERICA; POPULATIONS; WATERFOWL; RATES AB The influence of habitat, waterfowl abundance, and hunting on winter survival of waterfowl is not well understood. We studied late August-March survival of 163 after-hatch-year (AHY) and 128 hatch-year (HY) female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) radiotagged in Sacramento Valley (SACV) and 885 AHY female northern pintails (A. acuta) radiotagged throughout the Central Valley of California, USA, relative to flooded habitat (HAB), January abundance of each species (JMAL or JPIN), hunter-days (HDY), and a hunting pressure index (HPI) that combined these variables. From EARLY (1987-1994) to LATE (1998-2000), HAB increased 39%, JPIN increased 45%, JMAL increased 53%, HDY increased 21%, duck-hunting season increased from 59 days to 100 days, and the female daily bag limit doubled to 2 for mallards but remained 1 for pintails. Survival (+/- SE) was greater during LATE versus EARLY for pintails radiotagged in each region (SACV: 93.2 +/- 2.1% vs. 87.6 +/- 3.0%; Suisun Marsh: 86.6 +/- 3.2% vs. 77.0 +/- 3.7%; San Joaquin Valley: 86.6 +/- 3.1% vs. 76.9 1 +/- 4.1%) but not for SACV mallards (AHY: 70.6 +/- 7.2% to 74.4 +/- 7.7% vs. 80.1 +/- 7.2% to 82.8 +/- 5.6%; HY: 48.7 +/- 9.1% [1999-2000 only] vs. 63.5 +/- 8.8% to 67.6 +/- 8.0%). Most pintail (72%) and mallard (91%) deaths were from hunting, and lower HPI and higher JPIN or JMAL were associated with reduced mortality. Increased HAB was associated with reduced winter mortality for pintails but not for SACV mallards. Pintail survival rates that we measured were within the range reported for other North American wintering areas, and during LATE were higher than most, even though our study duration was 68-110 days longer. Winter survival rates of SACV mallards were also within the reported range. However, with higher bag limits and longer seasons, mallard survival during LATE was lower than in most other wintering areas, especially during 1999-2000, when high winds on opening weekend resulted in high hunting mortality. Habitat conservation and favorable agriculture practices helped create a Central Valley wintering environment where natural mortality of mallards and pintails was low and survival varied with hunting mortality. We recommend regulations and habitat management that continue to minimize natural mortality while allowing sustainable harvest at a level that helps maintain strong incentive for management of Central Valley waterfowl habitats, including the large portion that is privately owned. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. California Waterfowl Assoc, Sacramento, CA 95834 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. EM joe_fleskes@usgs.gov OI casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X NR 74 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2238 EP 2248 DI 10.2193/2005-634 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100017 ER PT J AU Niemuth, ND Dahl, AL Estey, ME Loesch, CR AF Niemuth, Neal D. Dahl, Ann L. Estey, Michael E. Loesch, Charles R. TI Representation of landcover along breeding bird survey routes in the northern plains SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; fragmentation; grassland; landscape; resolution; road; wetland ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; DAKOTA; WETLANDS AB The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is used extensively to make inferences about populations of many North American bird species and is increasingly being used for avian conservation planning. How well BBS routes represent the landscape is poorly known, even though accuracy of representation could significantly affect inferences made from BBS data. We used digital landcover data to examine how well landcover within 400-m buffers around BBS routes represented the surrounding landscape (the route neighborhood) for 52 routes in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and South Dakota. Differences in composition between landcover along BBS routes and the route neighborhood were not statistically significant for upland cover classes. The area of temporary and seasonal wetland basins was accurately represented by BBS routes in our study area, but the area of semipermanent and permanent wetland basins was significantly underrepresented along BBS routes. Number of wetland basins and upland patches was higher along routes. Area of urban, forest, and hay landcover classes was higher along routes, although differences were not statistically significant. Amount of bias in landcover representation was negatively correlated with the proportion of each landcover type in the study area, but bias was not correlated with area of the route neighborhoods. Differences between landcover along BBS routes and the route neighborhood were primarily attributable to increased anthropogenic activity along roads and siting of roads away from relatively large, deep water bodies. Our results suggest that inferences made from BBS data in our study region are likely biased for species that are associated with deeper-water habitats or are strongly influenced by landscape fragmentation. Inferences made from BBS data for species associated with uplands or shallow wetlands are less likely to be biased because of differences in landcover composition. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Niemuth, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM Neal_Niemuth@fws.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2258 EP 2265 DI 10.2193/2006-281 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100019 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, I Rice, KG Woodward, AR Percival, HF AF Fujisaki, Ikuko Rice, Kenneth G. Woodward, Allan R. Percival, H. Franklin TI Possible generational effects of habitat degradation on alligator reproduction SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alligator mississippiensis; American alligator; Bayesian; change point analysis; lake apopka; Markov chain Monte Carlo; nest; reproduction ID NEST SUCCESS; FLORIDA; LAKE; SURVIVAL AB Population decline of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) was observed in Lake Apopka in central Florida, USA, in the early 1980s. This decline was thought to result from adult mortality and nest failure caused by anthropogenic increases in sediment loads, nutrients, and contaminants. Reproductive impairment also was reported. Extensive restoration of marshes associated with Lake Apopka has been conducted, as well as some limited restoration measures on the lake. Monitoring by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FFWCC) has indicated that the adult alligator population began increasing in the early 1990s. We expected that the previously reported high proportion of complete nest failure (theta(0)) during the 1980s may have decreased. We collected clutches from alligator nests in Lake Apopka from 1983 to 2003 and from 5 reference areas from 1988 to 1991, and we artificially incubated them. We used a Bayesian framework with Gibbs sampler of Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation to analyze theta(0). Estimated theta(0) was consistently higher in Lake Apopka compared with reference areas, and the difference in theta(0) ranged from 0.19 to 0.56. We conducted change point analysis to identify and test the significance of the change point in theta(0) in Lake Apopka between 1983 and 2003, indicating the point of reproductive recovery. The estimated Bayes factor strongly supported the single change point hypothesis against the no change point hypothesis. The major downward shift in theta(0) probably occurred in the mid-1990s, approximately a generation after the major population decline in the 1980s. Furthermore, estimated theta(0) values after the change point (0.21) were comparable with those of reference areas (0.07-0.31). These results combined with the monitoring by FFWCC seem to suggest that anthropogenic habitat degradation caused reproductive impairment of adult females and decreases in theta(0) occurred with the sexual maturity of a new generation of breeding females. Long-term monitoring is essential to understand population changes due to habitat restoration. Such information can be used as an input in planning and evaluating restoration activities. C1 Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fujisaki, I (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, 2138 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ikuko@cnrit.tamu.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2284 EP 2289 DI 10.2193/2006-278 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100022 ER PT J AU Gragg, JE Rodda, GH Savidge, JA White, GC Dean-Bradley, K Ellingson, AR AF Gragg, James E. Rodda, Gordon H. Savidge, Julie A. White, Gary C. Dean-Bradley, Kathy Ellingson, Aaron R. TI Response of brown treesnakes to reduction of their rodent prey SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; brown treesnake; capture probability; control; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; diphacinone; Guam; invasive species; Program MARK; site fidelity ID MARKED ANIMALS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; FOOD-HABITS; SURVIVAL; SNAKE; MODEL; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB Trapping brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis; BTS) with live-mouse (Mus domesticus) lures is the principal control technique for this invasive species on Guam. Lure-based trapping is also used on other islands as a precaution against undetected arrivals and in response to verified BTS sightings. However, the effectiveness of lure-based trapping on other islands is questionable, as it has yielded no BTS despite other evidence of their presence. Some evidence suggests that high rodent numbers may interfere with BTS control. To test the relationship between rodent abundance and snake trappability, we conducted a controlled, replicated field experiment incorporating a rodenticide treatment during a BTS mark-recapture study. Using open population modeling in Program MARK, we estimated BTS apparent survival and recapture probabilities. Rodent reduction increased BTS recapture probabilities by 52-65% in 2002 and 22-36% in 2003, and it decreased apparent survival by <1% both years. This appears to be the first published instance of manipulating wild prey to influence snake behavior. Rodent reduction may enhance detection and control of BTS with traps on Guam and other islands. It may also amplify the effectiveness of oral toxicants against BTS. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gragg, JE (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 1239 SE 10th St, Ocala, FL 34471 USA. EM james.gragg@myfwc.com NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2311 EP 2317 DI 10.2193/2006-444 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100026 ER PT J AU Keller, BJ Bender, LC AF Keller, Barbara J. Bender, Louis C. TI Bighorn sheep response to road-related disturbances in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; Colorado; mineral lick; Ovis canadensis canadensis; Rocky Mountain National Park; traffic disturbance ID WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT; ELK AB Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) use of Sheep Lakes mineral site, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA, has decreased since 1996. Officials were concerned that human disturbance may have been contributing to this decline in use. We evaluated effects of vehicular traffic and other road-related disturbance on bighorn use of Sheep Lakes in the summers of 2002 and 2003. We found that the time and number of attempts required by bighorn to reach Sheep Lakes was positively related to the number of vehicles and people present at Sheep Lakes. Further, the number of bighorn individuals and groups attempting to visit Sheep Lakes were negatively affected by disturbance associated with the site. The number of vehicles recorded the hour before bighorn tried to access Sheep Lakes best predicted an animal's failure to cross Fall River Road and reach Sheep Lakes. We conclude that human and road-related disturbance at Sheep Lakes negatively affected bighorn use of the mineral site. Because Sheep Lakes may be important for bighorn sheep, especially for lamb production and survival, the negative influence of disturbance may compromise health and productivity of the Mummy Range bighorn sheep. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Keller, BJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bjkdg3@mizzou.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2329 EP 2337 DI 10.2193/2006-486 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100029 ER PT J AU Fuller, JA Garrott, RA White, PJ Aune, KE Roffe, TJ Rhyan, JC AF Fuller, Julie A. Garrott, Robert A. White, P. J. Aune, Keith E. Roffe, Thomas J. Rhyan, Jack C. TI Re-production and survival of Yellowstone bison SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bison; brucellosis; climate; matrix model; reproduction; survival; Yellowstone ID LARGE-HERBIVORE POPULATION; NATIONAL-PARK; WOOD BISON; NORTHERN CANADA; AMERICAN BISON; DYNAMICS; BRUCELLOSIS; LACTATION; PATTERNS; SEROLOGY AB The conservation of bison (Bison hison) from near extinction to > 4,000 animals in Yellowstone National Park has led to conflict regarding overabundance and potential transmission of brucellosis (Brucella abortus) to cattle. We estimated survival and birth rates from 53 radiocollared adult female bison during 1995-2001, and we used calfa:adult (C:A) ratios to estimate reproduction with the combined effects of pregnancy, fetal loss, and neonatal mortality during 1970-1997. Annual survival of adult females was high (0.92; 95% CI = 0.87-0.95) and constant. Birth rates differed by brucellosis status and age. Birth rates were 0.40 calves per female (95% CI 0.15-0.65) for brucellosis-positive 3 year olds, 0.63 (95% Cl = 0.39-0.87) for individuals testing negative, and 0.10 (95% CI = 0.00-0.24) for individuals contracting brucellosis that birth year (sero-converters). Birth rates were 0.64 (95% CI = 0.52-0.76) for brucellosis-positive individuals >= 4 years old, 0.81 (95% CI = 0.73-0.89) for bruceflosis-negative individuals, and 0.22 (95% CI = 0.00-0.46) for sero-converters. Spring C:A ratios were negatively correlated with snow pack (beta =-0.01 to -0.03, R-2 = 0.26-0.60, P < 0.05). Growth rate was highly elastic to adult survival (0.51), and juvenile survival (0.36) was 3 times more elastic than fecundity (0.12). Simulations suggested brucellosis eradication via vaccination would result in increased birth rates and a 29% increase in population growth (lambda=1.09), possibly leading to more bison movements outside the park. Our results will help park managers evaluate bison population dynamics and explore consequences of management actions and disease control programs. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Yellowstone Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. Montana Dept Fish Wildlife & Parks, Res & Tech Serv, Helena, MT 59620 USA. US dept Interior, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Fuller, JA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jfuller@mt.gov NR 51 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 34 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2365 EP 2372 DI 10.2193/2006-201 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100033 ER PT J AU Meckstroth, AM Miles, AK Chandra, S AF Meckstroth, Anne M. Miles, A. Keith Chandra, Sudeep TI Diets of introduced predators using stable isotopes and stomach contents SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diet; feral cat; red fox; San Francisco Bay; stable isotopes; stomach contents; Vulpes vulpes regalis ID FELIS-CATUS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; CARBON ISOTOPES; FERAL CATS; RED FOX; FOOD; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; NITROGEN; SUCCESS AB In a study of predation on ground-nesting birds at South San Francisco Bay (South Bay), California, USA, we analyzed stomach contents and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to identify commonly consumed prey. We obtained the stomach contents from 206 normative red foxes (Vulpes vulpes regalis) collected in the South Bay area and Monterey County during 1995-2001 and from 68 feral cats (Felis silvestris) from the South Bay area during 2001-2002. We determined prey identity, biomass, and frequency, described seasonal diet trends, and derived an Index of Relative Importance. Avian species were the most frequent prey we found in the stomachs of red foxes from South Bay (61%), whereas small rodents were most frequent for red foxes from Monterey County (62%). Small rodents were the most frequent prey we found in feral cats (63%). Carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures for foxes supported stomach content findings. However, isotope results indicated that cats received a majority of their energy from a source other than rodents and outside the natural system, which differed from the stomach content analysis. We demonstrated the utility of both stable isotope and stomach content analyses to establish a more complete understanding of predators' diets. This information aids natural resource managers in planning and evaluating future predator-removal programs and increases our understanding of the impacts of normative foxes and cats on native species. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Meckstroth, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Davis Field Stn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM keith_miles@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2387 EP 2392 DI 10.2193/2005-527 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100036 ER PT J AU Smith, JB Jenks, JA Klaver, RW AF Smith, Joshua B. Jenks, Jonathan A. Klaver, Robert W. TI Evaluating detection probabilities for American marten in the Black Hills, South Dakota SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American marten; Black Hills; density; detection probabilities; Martes americana; presence-absence; program MARK; saturation trapping; South Dakota; track-plate ID LOCAL EXTINCTION; OCCUPANCY RATES; POPULATIONS; FORESTS AB Assessing the effectiveness of monitoring techniques designed to determine presence of forest carnivores, such as American marten (Martes americana), is crucial for validation of survey results. Although comparisons between techniques have been made, little attention has been paid to the issue of detection probabilities (p). Thus, the underlying assumption has been that detection probabilities equal 1.0. We used presence-absence data obtained from a track-plate survey in conjunction with results from a saturation-trapping study to derive detection probabilities when marten occurred at high (> 2 marten/10.2 km(2)) and low (<= 1 marten/10.2 km(2)) densities within 8 10.2-km(2) quadrats. Estimated probability of detecting marten in high-density quadrats was p = 0.952 (SE = 0.047), whereas the detection probability for low-density quadrats was considerably lower (p= 0.333, SE = 0.136). Our results indicated that failure to account for imperfect detection could lead to an underestimation of marten presence in 15-52% of low-density quadrats in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA. We recommend that repeated site-survey data be analyzed to assess detection probabilities when documenting carnivore survey results. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Smith, JB (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Box 2140 B, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM joshua.smith@sdstate.edu RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2412 EP 2416 DI 10.2193/2007-091 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100039 ER PT J AU Hartman, KJ Margraf, FJ AF Hartman, Kyle J. Margraf, F. Joseph TI Assessing fish lakes populations in remote subarctic using hydroacoustics SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hydroacoustic survey; lake assessment; fisheries assessment; remote lakes; target strength ID TARGET STRENGTH; ABUNDANCE AB High latitudes of North America and Asia have many unstudied small lakes. The remoteness of these lakes presents a challenge to biologists who manage these systems. At Togiak National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska we evaluated the use of mobile hydroacoustic surveys as a tool for assessing unstudied lakes and setting priorities for further study. We sampled 50-ha Hole Lake in July 2002 with a 120-kHz split-beam hydroacoustic system, completing four surveys at different times throughout daylight and darkness. Despite day-night changes in distribution of fishes in the lake we found no significant differences in relative biomass, density, or in the detection of larger fish targets that may be of importance from a fisheries management perspective. However, between-transect variability in acoustic measures was high and may have masked the ability to detect these changes. Nonetheless, a simple design bisecting the study lake that was completed in 25 min was capable of detecting fish populations of potential interest to fisheries managers. We suggest a simple design (bisecting the lake) for scanning such lakes for the presence of fish populations of interest in these remote areas. C1 [Hartman, Kyle J.] W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Wildlife & Fisheries Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Margraf, F. Joseph] Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hartman, KJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Wildlife & Fisheries Program, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM hartman@wvu.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333OP UT WOS:000258162100001 ER PT J AU Robertson, DM Garn, HS Rose, WJ AF Robertson, Dale M. Garn, Herbert S. Rose, William J. TI Response of calcareous Nagawicka Lake, Wisconsin, to changes in phosphorus loading SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE calcareous; eutrophication; modeling; phosphorus ID TROPHIC STATE; PHOSPHATE; WATER; COPRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; CALCITE AB Nagawicka Lake is a 400-ha, phosphorus (P)-limited, calcareous lake (hardness of 300 mg/L CaCO3) in Wisconsin. Because of concern over potential degradation in water quality associated with urban development in the watershed, a study was conducted to determine the effects of past and future changes in P loading on the lake's water quality through the use of empirical eutrophication models. Six existing empirical P models consistently overestimated total P (TP) concentrations in the lake by a factor of about 2 over a range in external P loading because the models do not account for the unique properties of calcareous lakes: co-precipitation of P with calcite and negligible release of P from the deep sediments. Confirmation of the calcite mechanism was proven by analysis of sediment cores. Once the results were adjusted for the consistent biases, other conventional empirical models fairly accurately predicted the measured chlorophyll a concentrations (CHL) and Secchi depths in the lake. The models, adjusted for the consistent overestimation of TP, were then used to predict the effects of increases and decreases in P loading. Total P and CHL were predicted to decrease or increase by a % similar to the % change in P loading to the lake; however, these relations may become very nonlinear with increases in P loading > 100%. Because the natural buffering capacity resists eutrophication caused by P loading, roughly twice the P loading can be permitted in oligotrophic calcareous lakes than in noncalcareous lakes before eutrophication thresholds are exceeded. C1 [Robertson, Dale M.; Garn, Herbert S.; Rose, William J.] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM dzrobert@usgs.gov NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 298 EP 312 PG 15 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333OP UT WOS:000258162100009 ER PT J AU Langrehr, HA Gray, BR Janvrin, JA AF Langrehr, Heidi A. Gray, Brian R. Janvrin, Jeffrey A. TI Evaluation of aquatic macrophyte community response to island construction in the Upper Mississippi River SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic macrophyte; detection probability; habitat restoration; island construction; LTRMP; Mississippi River; zero-inflated binomial (ZIB) model ID LAKE; HABITAT; REGRESSION; VEGETATION; WATERFOWL; SELECTION; VIRGINIA; QUALITY; POINT AB Impounding large rivers has often led to reductions in aquatic habitat diversity over time. One approach used to restore habitat on the Upper Mississippi River is island construction. A specific purpose of island construction is to increase the growth and diversity of aquatic macrophytes. We addressed whether this purpose was met for islands constructed in a reach of the Upper Mississippi River. Aquatic macrophyte levels and richness around 2 constructed island complexes were compared with those in open water reference areas in 1998 and 2000. These data suggest that macrophyte levels increased in the construction area relative to the reference area for the second but not the first island complex. Findings were similar for both percent frequency of occurrence and richness index models. These differences in response are attributed to the differing maturities of the 2 island complexes. The first complex was completed 6 years prior to the initiation of aquatic macrophyte sampling, whereas sampling began midway through the construction phase of the second complex. The response of aquatic macrophytes in the first island complex may have stabilized prior to sampling, whereas aquatic macrophyte responses to construction of the second island complex were partially captured during the sampling period. These findings suggest that island construction positively influences aquatic macrophyte levels in impounded reaches of large rivers. C1 [Langrehr, Heidi A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Gray, Brian R.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Janvrin, Jeffrey A.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Langrehr, HA (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333OP UT WOS:000258162100010 ER PT J AU Wieczorek, GF Geist, EL Motyka, RJ Jakob, M AF Wieczorek, Gerald F. Geist, Eric L. Motyka, Roman J. Jakob, Matthias TI Hazard assessment of the tidal inlet landslide and potential subsequent tsunami, Glacier Bay national park, Alaska SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE tidal Inlet; Glacier Bay National Park; rock slump; glaciation; rotational landslide; tsunami; seismicity; GPS data ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; IMPACT TSUNAMI; LONG; TAKU; USA AB An unstable rock slump, estimated at 5 to 10 x 10(6) m(3), lies perched above the northern shore of Tidal Inlet in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. This landslide mass has the potential to rapidly move into Tidal Inlet and generate large, long-period-impulse tsunami waves. Field and photographic examination revealed that the landslide moved between 1892 and 1919 after the retreat of the Little Ice Age glaciers from Tidal Inlet in 1890. Global positioning system measurements over a 2-year period show that the perched mass is presently moving at 3-4 cm annually indicating the landslide remains unstable. Numerical simulations of landslide-generated waves suggest that in the western arm of Glacier Bay, wave amplitudes would be greatest near the mouth of Tidal Inlet and slightly decrease with water depth according to Green's law. As a function of time, wave amplitude would be greatest within approximately 40 min of the landslide entering water, with significant wave activity continuing for potentially several hours. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. BGC Engn, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada. RP Wieczorek, GF (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 835 Dixon St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM gwieczor@usgs.gov; egeist@usgs.gov; roman.motyka@uas.alaska.edu; mjakob@bgcengineering.ca NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s10346-007-0084-1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 208IA UT WOS:000249311800001 ER PT J AU Arp, CD Baker, MA AF Arp, Christopher D. Baker, Michelle A. TI Discontinuities in stream nutrient uptake below lakes in mountain drainage networks SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN EXPORT; RIVER CONTINUUM; SYSTEMS; SIZE; PERSPECTIVE; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; STABILITY; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS AB In many watersheds, lakes and streams are hydrologically linked in spatial patterns that influence material transport and retention. We hypothesized that lakes affect stream nutrient cycling via modifications to stream hydrogeomorphology, source-waters, and biological communities. We tested this hypothesis in a lake district of the Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Uptake of NO(3)-and PO(4)(-3) was compared among 25 reaches representing the following landscape positions: lake inlets and outlets, reaches >1-km downstream from lakes, and reference reaches with no nearby lakes. We quantified landscape-scale hydrographic and reach-scale hydrogeomorphic, source-water, and biological variables to characterize these landscape positions and analyze relationships to nutrient uptake. Nitrate uptake was undetectable at most lake outlets, whereas PO(4)(-3) uptake was higher at outlets as compared to reference and lake inlet reaches. Patterns in nutrient demand farther downstream were similar to lake outlets with a gradual shift toward reference-reach functionality. Nitrate uptake was most correlated to sediment mobility and channel morphology, whereas PO(4)(-3) uptake was most correlated to source-water characteristics. The best integrated predictor of these patterns in nutrient demand was % contributing area ( the proportion of watershed area not routing through a lake). We estimate that NO(3)-and PO(4)(-3) demand returned to 50% of pre-lake conditions within 1-4-km downstream of a small headwater lake and resetting of nutrient demand was slower downstream of a larger lake set lower in a watershed. Full resetting of these nutrient cycling processes was not reached within 20-km downstream, indicating that lakes can alter stream ecosystem functioning at large spatial scales throughout mountain watersheds. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Arp, CD (reprint author), Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM carp@usgs.gov RI Baker, Michelle/F-3434-2010; OI Baker, Michelle/0000-0002-7188-8639; Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225 NR 49 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1978 EP 1990 DI 10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.1978 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 209VN UT WOS:000249416200020 ER PT J AU Zinser, ER Johnson, ZI Coe, A Karaca, E Veneziano, D Chisholm, SW AF Zinser, Erik R. Johnson, Zackary I. Coe, Allison Karaca, Erdem Veneziano, Daniele Chisholm, Sallie W. TI Influence of light and temperature on Prochlorococcus ecotype distributions in the Atlantic Ocean SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; CYANOBACTERIUM PROCHLOROCOCCUS; SARGASSO SEA; TIME-SERIES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROKARYOTE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FLOW CYTOMETER; GROWTH; SYNECHOCOCCUS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB In a focused analysis of Prochlorococcus population structure in the western North Atlantic, we found that the relative abundances of ecotypes varied significantly with depth and, at seasonally stratified locations, with degree of vertical mixing. More limited regional variation was observed ( e. g., Sargasso Sea, Gulf Stream, continental slope, and equatorial current), and local patchiness was minimal. Modeling of a combined North and South Atlantic data set revealed significant, independent effects of light and temperature on ecotype abundances, suggesting that they are key ecological determinants that establish the different habitat ranges of the physiologically and genetically distinct ecotypes. This was in sharp contrast with the genus Synechococcus, whose total abundance was related to light but did not vary in a predictable way with temperature. Comparisons of field abundances with growth characteristics of cultured isolates of Prochlorococcus suggested the presence of ecotype-specific thermal and light adaptations that could be responsible for the distinct distribution patterns of the four dominant ecotypes. Significantly, we discovered that one "low-light-adapted" ecotype, eNATL2A, can thrive in deeply mixed surface layers, whereas another, eMIT9313, cannot, even though they have the same growth optimum for ( low) light. C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Chisholm, SW (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM chisholm@mit.edu RI Johnson, Zackary/E-4601-2011 OI Johnson, Zackary/0000-0003-0793-8512 NR 42 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2205 EP 2220 DI 10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.2205 PG 16 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 209VN UT WOS:000249416200040 ER PT J AU Worum, FP Carricart-Ganivet, JP Benson, L Golicher, D AF Worum, Ferenc P. Carricart-Ganivet, Juan P. Benson, Larry Golicher, Duncan TI Simulation and observations of annual density banding in skeletons of Montastraea (Cnidaria : Scleractinia) growing under thermal stress associated with ocean warming SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CORAL-REEFS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; CALCIFICATION RATE; ANNULARIS; GROWTH; EXTENSION; RECORD; RATES; ICE AB We present a model of annual density banding in skeletons of Montastraea coral species growing under thermal stress associated with an ocean-warming scenario. The model predicts that at sea-surface temperatures ( SSTs) <29 degrees C, high-density bands ( HDBs) are formed during the warmest months of the year. As temperature rises and oscillates around the optimal calcification temperature, an annual doublet in the HDB ( dHDB) occurs that consists of two narrow HDBs. The presence of such dHDBs in skeletons of Montastraea species is a clear indication of thermal stress. When all monthly SSTs exceed the optimal calcification temperature, HDBs form during the coldest, not the warmest, months of the year. In addition, a decline in mean-annual calcification rate also occurs during this period of elevated SST. A comparison of our model results with annual density patterns observed in skeletons of M. faveolata and M. franksi, collected from several localities in the Mexican Caribbean, indicates that elevated SSTs are already resulting in the presence of dHDBs as a first sign of thermal stress, which occurs even without coral bleaching. C1 El Colegio Frontera Sur, Unit Chetumal, Mexico City 77000, DF, Mexico. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. El Colegio Frontera Sur, Unit San Cristobal, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Carricart-Ganivet, JP (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera Sur, Unit Chetumal, Apdo Postal 242 Chetumal Q Roo, Mexico City 77000, DF, Mexico. EM carricart@ecosur.mx RI Golicher, Duncan/B-4240-2009; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2317 EP 2323 DI 10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.2317 PG 7 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 209VN UT WOS:000249416200049 ER PT J AU Chesnick, IE Todorov, TI Centeno, JA Newbury, DE Small, JA Potter, K AF Chesnick, Ingrid E. Todorov, Todor I. Centeno, Jose A. Newbury, Dale E. Small, John A. Potter, Kimberlee TI Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy of mineralization SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article DE manganese; magnetic resonance microscopy; ostcoblasts; mineralization; calvaria; electron probe microanalysis ID CONTAINING SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITES; NEONATAL MURINE CALVARIA; IN-VIVO; CALCIUM DEFICIENCY; PROTON RELAXATION; CONTRAST AGENTS; BONE-FORMATION; CARTILAGE; MRI; EXPRESSION AB Paramagnetic manganese (II) can be employed as a calcium surrogate to sensitize magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) to the processing of calcium during bone formation. At high doses, osteoblasts can take up sufficient quantities of manganese, resulting in marked changes in water proton T-1, T-2 and magnetization transfer ratio values compared to those for untreated cells. Accordingly, inductively Coupled plasma. mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results confirm that the manganese content of treated cell pellets was 10-fold higher than that for untreated cell pellets. To establish that manganese is processed like calcium and deposited as bone, calvaria. from the skull of embryonic chicks were grown in culture medium supplemented with 1 mM MnCl2 and 3 mM CaCl2. A banding pattern of high and low T-2 values, consistent with mineral deposits with high and low levels of manganese, was observed radiating from the calvarial ridge. The results of ICP-MS studies confirm that manganese-treated calvaria take up increasing amounts of manganese with time in culture. Finally, elemental mapping studies with electron probe microanalysis confirmed local variations in the manganese content of bone newly deposited on the calvarial surface. This is the first reported use of manganese-enhanced MRM to study the process whereby calcium is taken up by osteoblasts cells and deposited as bone. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Biophys, Magnet Resonance Microscopy Facil, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Micranal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Potter, K (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Biophys, Magnet Resonance Microscopy Facil, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM potterk@afip.osd.mil FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR51446] NR 47 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0730-725X J9 MAGN RESON IMAGING JI Magn. Reson. Imaging PD SEP PY 2007 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1095 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/j.mri.2006.11.002 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 204PJ UT WOS:000249056200010 PM 17707172 ER PT J AU van der Voet, GB Todorov, TI Centeno, JA Jonas, W Ives, J Mullick, FG AF van der Voet, Gijsbert B. Todorov, Todor I. Centeno, Jose A. Jonas, Wayne Ives, John Mullick, Florabel G. TI Metals and health: A clinical toxicological perspective on tungsten and review of the literature SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COBALT; ALLOY; CELLS; COILS; DEGRADATION; COMPOUNDS/; MOLYBDENUM; SYSTEMS; DISEASE AB Tungsten and tungsten compounds are considered toxicologically relatively safe. Concern regarding the potential health and environmental effects of depleted uranium and lead in military applications has lead many countries to explore the possibility of applying toxicologically safer metals. Heavy metal tungsten alloy-based munitions have been therefore introduced as a replacement in munitions and as kinetic energy penetrators. Although the toxicological profiles of all these metals are well known, their internalization as embedded shrapnel may be considered a new route for long-term exposure. Studies in experimental animals and cell culture indicate that pellets based on heavy metal tungsten alloy possess carcinogenic potential previously unseen for depleted uranium and/or lead. Other metals in the tungsten alloy such as nickel or cobalt may contribute to such a risk. Accordingly, the long-term tungsten-related health risk is reason for concern. This article reviews toxicological and clinical literature and provides new perspectives on tungsten and tungsten-based alloys. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Centeno, JA (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Div Biophys Toxicol, 6825 16th NW, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM Jose.Centeno@afip.osd.mil NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 11 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 9 BP 1002 EP 1005 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 210HT UT WOS:000249448000018 PM 17937367 ER PT J AU John, JS Kysela, RF Oyler-Mccance, SJ AF John, J. St. Kysela, R. F. Oyler-Mccance, S. J. TI Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Charadrius montanus; microsatellite primers; Mountain Plover AB Primers for 15 microsatellite loci were developed for Mountain Plover, a species whose distribution and abundance have been reduced drastically in the past 30 years. In a screen of 126 individuals collected from four breeding locales across the species' range, levels of polymorphism ranged from two to 13 alleles per locus. No two loci were found to be linked, although one locus revealed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellite loci can be used in population genetic studies, ultimately aiding in management efforts for Mountain Plover. Additionally, these markers can potentially be used in studies investigating the mating system of Mountain Plover. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Consevat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Oyler-Mccance, SJ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Rocky Mt Ctr Consevat Genet & Systemat, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 5 BP 802 EP 804 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01709.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 206OO UT WOS:000249193000017 ER PT J AU Julian, SE Bartron, ML AF Julian, Shannon E. Bartron, Meredith L. TI Microsatellite DNA markers for American shad (Alosa sapidissima) and cross-species amplification within the family Clupeidae SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Alosa sapidissima; American shad; Clupeidae; cross species amplification; microsatellites; population genetics AB Sixteen microsatellite loci were identified and characterized for American shad (Alosa sapidissima). The number of alleles per locus observed ranged from eight to 32 and averaged 15.4 alleles. Average observed heterozygosity was 81.1%. The markers were screened using four other species from the family Clupeidae. Amplification success among Alosa species was 79.2% with 81.6% polymorphism among those markers that amplified successfully. Amplification success was poor in Dorosoma (31.3%). Due to allelic diversity and estimates of heterozygosity, these markers can be useful in A. sapidissima for population level analyses, parentage assignment and broodstock management. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. RP Julian, SE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75,227 Washington Ave, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM shannon_julian@fws.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 5 BP 805 EP 807 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01710.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 206OO UT WOS:000249193000018 ER PT J AU Ardren, WR Amata, L Whelan, J Dehaan, PW AF Ardren, William R. Amata, Lara Whelan, Jennifer Dehaan, Patrick W. TI Characterization of 16 highly variable tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for Oregon chub (Oregonichthys crameri) and cross amplification in Umpqua chub (O-kalawatseti) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; Oregonichthys crameri; Oregon chub; Umpqua chub; DNA ID RIVER AB We describe the isolation and development of 16 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for the endangered Oregon chub (Oregonichthys crameri). Two loci appear to be duplicated. For the remaining 14 loci, we observed between three and 19 alleles per locus in a sample of 42 fish. Thirteen of these loci were also polymorphic in the closely related Umpqua chub (O. kalawatseti). These loci will aid in our understanding of the molecular ecology and conservation of these two species. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Program, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Ardren, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Program, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM William_Ardren@fws.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 5 BP 808 EP 810 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01711.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 206OO UT WOS:000249193000019 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Barker, FK Brumfield, RT AF Chesser, R. Terry Barker, F. Keith Brumfield, Robb T. TI Fourfold polyphyly of the genus formerly known as Upucerthia, with notes on the systematics and evolution of the avian subfamily Furnariinae SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Upucerthia; furnariidae; Ochetorhynchus; Chilia; Eremobius; systematics; polyphyly; ovenbirds; andes ID LENGTH DIFFERENCE TEST; PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; SEQUENCE DATA; INCONGRUENCE; INFERENCE; DNA; CONGRUENCE; CONFIDENCE; LIMITS AB The traditional avian subfamily Furnariinae, a group of terrestrial ovenbirds typical of the Andean and Patagonian arid zones, consists of the genera Furnarius, Cinclodes, Geositta, Upucerthia, Chilia, and Eremobius. We investigated phylogenetic relationships within the Furnariinae, with particular attention to the nine species of the genus Upucerthia, using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from all genera in the subfamily. Upucerthia was found to be highly polyphyletic, its constituent species forming four non-sister clades: (1) a basal lineage consisting of two Upucerthia species, U ruficaudus and U. andaecola, as well as the monotypic genera Eremobius and Chilia: (2) a lineage consisting of U harterti and U certhioides, two species behaviorally divergent from other Upucerthia species; (3) a lineaae consisting of U serrana, which is not closely related to any other Upucerthia species; and (4) a lineage, sister to Cinclodes, consisting of the four Upucerthia species U dumetaria, U albigula. U ualidirostris, and U jelskii. The larger Furnariinae was also found to be highly polyphyletic; the terrestrial open country ecotype characteristic of this subfamily occurs in four unrelated clades in the family Furnariidae. including a basal lineage as well as derived lineages. Although the large degree of divergence among Upucerthia clades was not previously recognized, owing to ecological, behavioral, and morphological similarities, the groupings correspond closely to relationships suggested by plumage. This is in contrast to studies of other avian genera in which plumage patterns have been shown to be extensively convergent. The generic names Upucerthia and Ochetorhynchus are available for two of the former Upucerthia clades; new generic names may be warranted for the other two. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, New York, NY 10024 USA. Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Terry_Chesser@usgs.gov RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 NR 49 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1320 EP 1332 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.014 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 215YR UT WOS:000249845400028 PM 17632018 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, Y Yoshizaki, G Takeuchi, T Soyano, K Itoh, F Patino, R AF Yamamoto, Yoji Yoshizaki, Goro Takeuchi, Toshio Soyano, Kiyoshi Itoh, Fuminari Patino, Reynaldo TI Differential expression and localization of four connexins in the ovary of the ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE gap junction; luteinizing hormone; maturation-inducing hormone; oocyte maturational competence; oogenesis ID OOCYTE MATURATIONAL COMPETENCE; ATLANTIC CROAKER; GAP-JUNCTIONS; MEIOTIC ARREST; FOLLICLE CELLS; RAINBOW-TROUT; RED SEABREAM; GONADOTROPIN; TELEOST; PROTEIN AB The post-vitellogenic oocytes of teleost fish are generally unresponsive to maturation-inducing hormone (MIH) until a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge stimulates sensitivity via the acquisition of oocyte-maturational competence (OMC). Heterologous gap junctions (GJs) between granulosa cells and the oocyte have been previously implicated in the regulation of oocyte maturation in various vertebrate species. Although heterologous GJ are present in ovarian follicles of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), their role in maturation remains unclear. In the present study, we cloned and characterized complementary DNAs for GJ protein connexin (Cx), and examined the expression pattern of Cx messenger RNAs in the ayu ovary. Four Cx cDNAs with predicted molecular masses of 32.1 (Cx32.1), 34.9 (Cx34.9), 44.1 (Cx44.1), and 44.2 (Cx44.2) kDa, respectively, were cloned. Northern blot analysis revealed that the levels of Cx44.1 and Cx44.2 transcripts were similar during the vitellogenic and ovulatory stages. Cx32.1 transcripts were more abundant during the vitellogenic stage, but their levels declined thereafter. Cx34.9 transcript levels increased during the vitellogenic stage and remained high during the acquisition of OMC. In situ hybridization revealed that Cx44.1 and Cx44.2 signals were restricted to the oocyte, whereas the Cx32.1 and Cx34.9 signals were detected in both cellular fractions. Furthermore, a dye-transfer assay revealed the presence of functional GJs between the oocytes and follicle cells. These results suggest that Cx34.9 contributes to the formation of heterologous GJs between oocytes and granulosa cells. Moreover, GJs formed by Cx34.9 may function during the LH-dependent acquisition of OMC and the MIH-dependent resumption of meiosis in ayu. C1 Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Marine Biosci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 108, Japan. Nagasaki Univ, Inst E China Sea Res, Nagasaki 852, Japan. Fukui Prefectural Fisheries Expt Stn, Fukui, Japan. Texas Tech Univ, USGS Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Yoshizaki, G (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Marine Biosci, Minato Ku, 4-5-7 Konan, Tokyo 108, Japan. EM goro@kaiyodai.ac.jp RI TAKEUCHI, Toshio/O-1936-2014; YOSHIZAKI, Goro/O-1937-2014; Yamamoto, Yoji/O-1958-2014 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1113 EP 1123 DI 10.1002/mrd.20562 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 198XU UT WOS:000248661600007 PM 17290411 ER PT J AU Smith, BL AF Smith, Bruce L. TI Migratory Behavior of hunted elk SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE HERBIVORES; HERD; BENEFITS AB During 1990-2000, I investigated patterns of fall migration and harvests of the Jackson elk herd. Specifically, I compared the timing of fall migration of the 2,500-4,500 elk (Cervus elaphus) that summered in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) and wintered on the National Elk Refuge (NER) with elk that used other summer ranges by monitoring 512 migrations of radiocollared elk and by direct counts of elk arriving at the NER. Annual timing of migrations of GTNP elk was related positively to herbaceous standing crop (r(2) = 0.89) and residual standing crop (forage remaining at the end of the summer-fall grazing season, r(2) = 0.82) in GTNP. The number of elk on the NER the previous winter accounted for 39% of the residual variation in migration timing. Migrations of elk from higher elevation summer ranges were inversely related to cumulative snowfall through 10 November each fall, whereas elk from GTNP initiated migrations when snow depths averaged <2 cm. Vegetation offtake averaged 62% in GTNP when elk migrated to access superior foraging areas in the NER. Counter-intuitively, early migration of GTNP elk from their national park sanctuary, through a migratory corridor where they were heavily hunted, may be adaptive. Early migrants from GTNP to the NER experienced 4.8% harvest compared to 11.3% harvest (P = 0.037) of elk migrating after the median migration date each fall. Combined harvest and winter mortality rates were lower among early migrants (P < 0.01). I describe how early migration behavior may be selected over time. Such behavioral adaptation on elk ranges encompassing sanctuaries from hunter harvest challenge wildlife managers' skillfulness to manage elk numbers across heterogeneous topographic and jurisdictional landscapes. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. RP Smith, BL (reprint author), 44 Duncan Dist Rd, Sheridan, MT 59749 USA. EM elkmail@3rivers.net NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 251 EP 264 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229AS UT WOS:000250774300002 ER PT J AU Demopoulos, AWJ Fry, B Smith, CR AF Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Fry, Brian Smith, Craig R. TI Food web structure in exotic and native mangroves: a Hawaii-Puerto Rico comparison SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE mangrove; infauna; food webs; plant invasion; mixing model; detritus; stable isotopes ID CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; CARBON ISOTOPES AB Plant invasions can fundamentally alter detrital inputs and the structure of detritus-based food webs. We examined the detrital pathways in mangrove food webs in native ( Puerto Rican) and introduced ( Hawaiian) Rhizophora mangle forests using a dual isotope approach and a mixing model. Based on trophic-level fractionation of 0-1% for delta C-13 and 2 - 3% for delta N-15, among the invertebrates, only nematodes, oligochaetes, and nereid polychaetes from native mangroves exhibited stable isotopes consistent with a mangrove-derived diet. Certain fauna, in particular tubificid oligochaetes, had delta C-13 values consistent with the consumption of mangrove leaves, but they were depleted in N-15, suggesting their primary nitrogen source was low in 15N, and was possibly N-2-fixing bacteria. In introduced mangroves, all feeding groups appeared to rely heavily on non-mangrove sources, especially phytoplankton inputs. Mixing model results and discriminant analysis showed clear separation of introduced and native mangrove sites based on differential food source utilization within feeding groups, with stronger and more diverse use of benthic foods observed in native forests. Observed differences between native and invasive mangrove food webs may be due to Hawaiian detritivores being poorly adapted to utilizing the tannin-rich, nitrogen-poor mangrove detritus. In addition, differential utilization of mangrove detritus between native and introduced mangroves may be a consequence of forest age. We postulate that increasing mangrove forest age may promote diversification of bacterial food webs important in N and S cycling. Our results also suggest a potentially important role for sulfur bacteria in supporting the most abundant infaunal consumers, nematodes, in the most mature systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm Inst, Coastal Ecol Inst, Dept Coastal & Oceanog Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Demopoulos, AWJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL USA. EM amandad@usgs.gov NR 88 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2007 VL 153 IS 3 BP 675 EP 686 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0751-x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201DP UT WOS:000248812000019 PM 17587064 ER PT J AU Kreuzer, OP Blenkinsop, TG Morrison, RJ Peters, SG AF Kreuzer, O. P. Blenkinsop, T. G. Morrison, R. J. Peters, S. G. TI Ore controls in the Charters Towers goldfield, NE Australia: Constraints from geological, geophysical and numerical analyses SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OROGENIC-GOLD DEPOSITS; NORTH QUEENSLAND; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; HOSTED MINERALIZATION; REGIONAL DEFORMATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WINDSOR SUBPROVINCE; FLUID INCLUSION; VEIN DEPOSITS; PATAZ REGION AB The approach taken in this paper, namely synthesising a wealth of previous information with new data and a genetic model, in combination with integrated numerical analyses, led to new insights into the geological controls on the localisation of auriferous veins and residual prospectivity of the Charters Towers goldfield, NE Australia. The method also has implications for the assessment of other "mature" goldfields worldwide. Despite a number of different ore controls having operated within the Charters Towers goldfield, the controlling factors can be linked to a single genetic model for orogenic, granitoid-hosted lode-gold mineralisation in a brittle deformation regime (D(4)) of NE-SW to NNE-SSW shortening, under conditions of supralithostatic fluid pressure and low stress difference. Spatial autocorrelation results suggest district-scale alignment of the auriferous veins parallel to and overlapping with the ESE-WNW- to E-W-striking Charters Towers-Ravenswood lineament, a major crustal boundary in the basement to the Ravenswood batholith. At the camp-scale, auriferous veins have abundance and proximity relationships with NW-SE-, NNW-SSE-, NE-SW- and ENE-WSW-oriented lineaments, suggesting that structures that controlled gold deposition in one camp did not necessarily control mineralisation in other camps. Fractal dimensions obtained with the box-counting method range from 1.02 to 1.10, whereas veins in the Charters Towers City camp are characterised by a significantly higher fractal dimension of 1.28. This discrepancy may be taken to imply that most or all outcropping and near-surface deposits within the Charters Towers City camp have been found and that new discoveries are more likely to occur at greater levels of depth, or outside the boundaries of this camp. The new understanding has implications for the assessment of the residual prospectivity of the Charters Towers goldfield, where large areas of prospective rock types and structures (e.g., approximately 40% of the Charters Towers-Ravenswood lineament) are hidden under cover. This parameter space was inaccessible to the historic prospectors and has received relatively little attention from recent explorers. The following steps are suggested for the development of a targeting strategy for lode-gold exploration in areas of the goldfield under cover: (1) identify from geological and geophysical data the ENE-WSW ( +/- 15 degrees) and NNW-SSE ( +/- 15 degrees) striking structures and geological boundaries within a 20-km-wide corridor parallel to and centred upon the Charters Towers-Ravenswood lineament, the potential control on gold deposit distribution at the regional- to district-scale, (2) interpret from geological and geophysical data the distribution of pre-Middle Devonian granitoids within these areas that are the preferred host rocks of the payable gold deposits, (3) deduce from geophysical data the ENE-WSW ( +/- 15 degrees) and NNW-SSE (+/- 15 degrees) striking structures that cut or bound the intrusions identified in step 2, (4) locate segments along the structures identified in step 3 thatdeviate most from the geometry of a straight line (e.g., potential bends or splays) and/or intersect other structures or geological contacts, or both, and (5) define and rank potential targets within the prospective areas identified in step 4 and systernatically test the best ones. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Geog & Earth Resources, Ctr Explorat Targeting M006, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Econ Geol Res Unit, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Kreuzer, OP (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Geog & Earth Resources, Ctr Explorat Targeting M006, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM okreuzer@cyllene.uwa.edu.au RI Blenkinsop, Thomas/B-4619-2011 OI Blenkinsop, Thomas/0000-0001-9684-0749 NR 122 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.12.001 PG 44 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 216DU UT WOS:000249859200003 ER PT J AU Butler, DR Malanson, GP Walsh, SJ Fagre, DB AF Butler, David R. Malanson, George P. Walsh, Stephen J. Fagre, Daniel B. TI Influences of geomorphology and geology on alpine treeline in the American west-more important than climatic influences? SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE alpine treeline; geomorphic facilitation; geologic control; biogeomorphology; ecotone; Rocky Mountains; American West ID GLACIER-NATIONAL-PARK; GOPHER THOMOMYS-TALPOIDES; SNOW AVALANCHES; WHITEBARK-PINE; GRIZZLY BEAR; MONTANA; USA; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS AB The spatial distribution and pattern of alpine treeline in the American West reflect the overarching influences of geological history, lithology and structure, and geomorphic processes and landforms, and geologic and geomorphic factors-both forms and processes-can control the spatiotemporal response of the ecotone to climate change. These influences occur at spatial scales ranging from the continental scale to fine scale processes and landforms at the slope scale. Past geomorphic influences, particularly Pleistocene glaciation, have also left their impact on treeline, and treelines across the west are still adjusting to post-Pleistocene conditions within Pleistocene-created landforms. Current fine scale processes include solifluction and changes on relict solifluction and digging by animals. These processes should be examined in detail in future studies to facilitate a better understanding of where individual tree seedlings become established as a primary response of the ecotone to climate change. C1 [Butler, David R.] SW Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Malanson, George P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Walsh, Stephen J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Fagre, Daniel B.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Butler, DR (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. NR 49 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 39 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 434 EP 450 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.28.5.434 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 277PR UT WOS:000254227700005 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Suski, CD Ostrand, KG Wahl, DH Philipp, DP AF Cooke, Steven J. Suski, Cory D. Ostrand, Kenneth G. Wahl, David H. Philipp, David P. TI Physiological and behavioral consequences of long-term artificial selection for vulnerability to recreational angling in a teleost fish SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; FLORIDA LARGEMOUTH BASS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; METABOLIC-RATE; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; PARENTAL CARE; FISHERIES; GROWTH; CONSERVATION; STRATEGIES AB Few studies have examined the physiological and behavioral consequences of fisheries-induced selection. We evaluated how four generations of artificial truncation selection for vulnerability to recreational angling (i.e., stocks selected for high and low vulnerability [HVF and LVF, respectively]) affected cardiovascular physiology and parental care behavior in the teleost fish largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Where possible, we compared artificially selected fish to control fish (CF) collected from the wild. Although, compared to control fish, resting cardiac activity was similar to 18% lower for LVF and similar to 20% higher for HVF, maximal values did not vary among treatments. As a result, the HVF had less cardiac scope than either LVF or CF. Recovery rates after exercise were similar for HVF and CF but slower for LVF. When engaged in parental care activities, nesting male HVF were captured more easily than male LVF. During parental care, HVF also had higher turning rates and pectoral and caudal fin beat rates, increased vigilance against predators, and higher in situ swimming speeds. Energetics simulations indicated that to achieve the same level of growth, the disparity in metabolic rates would require HVF to consume approximately 40% more food than LVF. Selection for angling vulnerability resulted in clear differences in physiological and energetic attributes. Not only is vulnerability to angling a heritable trait, but high vulnerability covaries with factors including higher metabolic rates, reduced metabolic scope, and increased parental care activity. Despite these energetically costly differences, HVF and LVF of the same age were of similar size, suggesting that heightened food consumption in HVF compensated for added costs in experimental ponds. Ultimately, angling vulnerability appears to be a complex interaction of numerous factors leading to selection for very different phenotypes. If HVF are selectively harvested from a population, the remaining fish in that population may be less effective in providing parental care, potentially reducing reproductive output. The strong angling pressure in many freshwater systems, and therefore the potential for this to occur in the wild, necessitate management approaches that recognize the potential evolutionary consequences of angling. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Biol Stn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98623 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Kaskaskia Biol Stn, Sullivan, IL USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM steven_cooke@carleton.ca RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 NR 72 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 7 U2 34 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 EI 1537-5293 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 80 IS 5 BP 480 EP 490 DI 10.1086/520618 PG 11 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 194NQ UT WOS:000248351500003 PM 17717811 ER PT J AU Johnson, TR Stewart, SL Dutra, D Kane, ME Richardson, L AF Johnson, Timothy R. Stewart, Scott L. Dutra, Daniela Kane, Michael E. Richardson, Larry TI Asymbiotic and symbiotic seed germination of Eulophia alta (Orchidaceae) - preliminary evidence for the symbiotic culture advantage SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Orchid; seed germination; native; conservation; terrestrial; mycorrhizae; wild coco ID HABENARIA-MACROCERATITIS ORCHIDACEAE; FLORIDA TERRESTRIAL ORCHID; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CONSERVATION; PLATANTHERA; PROPAGATION; RHIZOCTONIA; SEEDLINGS; REPENS; NOV AB Eulophia alta (Linnaeus) Fawcett & Rendle seeds collected from the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge (Collier County, FL; FPNWR) were used in a screen of five asymbiotic orchid seed germination media to determine their effectiveness in promoting germination and protocorm development. In addition, 10 fungal isolates collected from the roots of E. alta at sites in the FPNWR, Highlands County (FL), and Goethe State Forest (Levy County, FL; GSF), and a fungal isolate from the roots of Spiranthes brevilabris collected from GSF were screened for their effectiveness at promoting in vitro symbiotic germination of E. alta seeds. After 18 weeks asymbiotic culture, seeds sown on PhytoTechnology Orchid Seed Sowing Medium germinated to a higher percentage (87.9%) and had a higher percentage of protocorms with developing protomeristems (32.7%) than seeds cultured on Knudson C, Malmgren Modified Terrestrial Orchid Medium, 1/2-strength Murashige & Skoog, or Vacin & Went Modified Orchid Medium. Significantly more leaf-bearing protocorms were observed on PhytoTechnology Orchid Seed Sowing Medium (0.8%) and Vacin & Went Modified Orchid Medium (1.3%) than other media tested. Of the fungi tested, one fungal isolate (Ealt-396) promoted germination to 69.0%, two isolates promoted germination to less than 0.75% and did not support further protocorm development, and eight isolates did not support germination. Seeds co-cultured in darkness with Ealt-396 grew more rapidly than asymbiotic seedlings following germination. In addition, co-cultured (=symbiotic) seedlings continued to develop more rapidly than asymbiotic seedlings upon transfer to 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod. Symbiotic seed culture of E. alta may be a more desirable method of propagation since protocorms develop more rapidly than seeds sown on asymbiotic media. Symbiotic seedlings may be more appropriate for reintroduction to natural areas than asymbiotic seedlings since symbiotic seedlings could serve to inoculate soils with a germination promoting mycobiont. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Florida Panther Natl Wildlife Refuge, Naples, FL 34114 USA. RP Johnson, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, POB 110675, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM timjohn@ufl.edu NR 49 TC 38 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 90 IS 3 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s11240-007-9270-z PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 201BO UT WOS:000248806700009 ER PT J AU Christakos, G Olea, RA Yu, HL AF Christakos, G. Olea, R. A. Yu, H.-L. TI Recent results on the spatiotemporal modelling and comparative analysis of Black Death and bubonic plague epidemics SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE public health; epidemics; Black Death; bubonic plague; spatiotemporal; Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; INFLUENZA-LIKE ILLNESS; SPACE-TIME DATA; COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; DYNAMICS AB Background: This work demonstrates the importance of spatiotemporal stochastic modelling in constructing maps of major epidemics from fragmentary information, assessing population impacts, searching for possible etiologies, and performing comparative analysis of epidemics. Methods: Based on the theory previously published by the authors and incorporating new knowledge bases, informative maps of the composite space-time distributions were generated for important characteristics of two major epidemics: Black Death (14th century Western Europe) and bubonic plague (19th-20th century Indian subcontinent). Results: The comparative spatiotemporal analysis of the epidemics led to a number of interesting findings: (1) the two epidemics exhibited certain differences in their spatiotemporal characteristics (correlation structures, trends, occurrence patterns and propagation speeds) that need to be explained by means of an interdisciplinary effort; (2) geographical epidemic indicators confirmed in a rigorous quantitative manner the partial findings of isolated reports and time series that Black Death mortality was two orders of magnitude higher than that of bubonic plague; (3) modern bubonic plague is a rural disease hitting harder the small villages in the countryside whereas Black Death was a devastating epidemic that indiscriminately attacked large urban centres and the countryside, and while the epidemic in India lasted uninterruptedly for five decades, in Western Europe it lasted three and a half years; (4) the epidemics had reverse areal extension features in response to annual seasonal variations. Temperature increase at the end of winter led to an expansion of infected geographical area for Black Death and a reduction for bubonic plague, reaching a climax at the end of spring when the infected area in Western Europe was always larger than in India. Conversely, without exception, the infected area during winter was larger for the Indian bubonic plague; (5) during the Indian epidemic, the disease disappeared and reappeared several times at most locations; in Western Europe, once the disease entered a place, it lasted a time proportional to the population and then disappeared for several years (this on-and-off situation Lasted more than three centuries); and (6) on average, Black Death moved much faster than bubonic plague to reach virgin territories, despite the fact that India is only slightly larger in area than Western Europe and had a railroad network almost instantly moving infected rats, fleas, and people from one end of the subcontinent to the other. Conclusions: These findings throw new light on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the epidemics and need to be taken into consideration in the scientific discussion concerning the two devastating diseases and the lessons learned from them. (c) 2007 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. USGS, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Christakos, G (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM gchrista@mait.sdsu.edu OI Yu, Hwa Lung/0000-0001-9558-2100; Christakos, George/0000-0002-1865-5764 NR 65 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 31 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD SEP PY 2007 VL 121 IS 9 BP 700 EP 720 DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.12.011 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 207RR UT WOS:000249269300009 PM 17544041 ER PT J AU Sun, JM Li, SH Muhs, DR Li, B AF Sun, Jimin Li, Sheng-Hua Muhs, Daniel R. Li, Bo TI Loess sedimentation in Tibet: provenance, processes, and link with Quaternary glaciations SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID BASIN WESTERN TIBET; SOUTHERN TIBET; ICE CORE; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; PALEOSOL SEQUENCE; SUMMER MONSOON; CENTRAL ALASKA; EASTERN TIBET; CENTRAL CHINA AB Well-preserved loess deposits are found on the foothills of mountains along the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in southern Tibet. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is used to determine loess ages by applying the single-aliquot regeneration technique. Geochemical, mineralogical, and granulometric measurements were carried out to allow a comparison between loess from Tibet and the Chinese Loess Plateau. Our results demonstrate that (i) the loess deposits have a basal age of 13-11 ka, suggesting they accumulated after the last deglaciation, (ii) loess in southern Tibet has a "glacial" origin, resulting from eolian sorting of glaciofluvial outwash deposits from braided river channels or alluvial fans by local near-surface winds, and (iii) the present loess in the interior of Tibet has accumulated since the last deglaciation when increased monsoonal circulation provided an increased vegetation cover that was sufficient for trapping eolian silt. The lack of full-glacial loess is either due to minimal vegetation cover or possibly due to the erosion of loess as glaciofluvial outwash during the beginning of each interglacial. Such processes would have been repeated during each glacial-interglacial cycle of the Quaternary. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Sun, JM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher Evolut, POB 9825, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM jmsun@mail.igcas.ac.cn RI Li, Sheng Hua/D-3102-2009; OI Li, Bo/0000-0003-4186-4828 NR 78 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 17-18 BP 2265 EP 2280 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.05.003 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 237MP UT WOS:000251378800015 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ Cully, JF Johnson, TL AF Augustine, David J. Cully, Jack F., Jr. Johnson, Tammi L. TI Influence of fire on black-tailed prairie dog colony expansion in shortgrass steppe SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cynomys ludovicianus; grassland disturbance; prescribed burning; semiarid rangeland; wildfire ID CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BISON; HETEROGENEITY; DORMANT AB Factors influencing the distribution and abundance of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies are of interest to rangeland managers because of the significant influence prairie dogs can exert on both livestock and biodiversity. We examined the influence of 4 prescribed burns and one wildfire on the rate and direction of prairie dog colony expansion in shortgrass steppe of southeastern Colorado. Our study was conducted during 2 years with below-average precipitation, when prairie dog colonies were expanding throughout the study area. Under these dry conditions, the rate of black-tailed prairie dog colony expansion into burned grassland ((X) over bar = 2.6 ha . 100-m perimeter(-1) . y(-1); range = 0.8-5.9 ha . 100-m perimeter(-1). y(-1); N = 5 colonies) was marginally greater than the expansion rate into unburned grassland ((X) over bar = 1.3 ha . 100-m perimeter(-1) y(-1); range = 0.2-4.9 ha . 100-m perimeter(-1) . y(-1); N = 23 colonies; P = 0.066). For 3 colonies that were burned on only a portion of their perimeter, we documented consistently high rates of expansion into the adjacent burned grassland (38%-42% of available burned habitat colonized) but variable expansion rates into the adjacent unburned grassland (2%-39% of available unburned habitat colonized). While our results provide evidence that burning can increase colony expansion rate even under conditions of low vegetative structure, this effect was minor at the scale of the overall colony complex because some unburned colonies were also able to expand at high rates. This result highlights the need to evaluate effects of fire on colony expansion during above-average rainfall years, when expansion into unburned grassland may be considerably lower. C1 USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Kansas State Univ, USGS BRD Kansas Cooperat Fish, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Montana, Montana Ecol Infect Dis, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM David.Augustine@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 60 IS 5 BP 538 EP 542 DI 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[538:IOFOBP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217QE UT WOS:000249961600012 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, TK Galat, DL AF O'Donnell, T. Kevin Galat, David L. TI River enhancement in the upper Mississippi River basin: Approaches based on river uses, alterations, and management agencies SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BMPs; large rivers; navigated rivers; nonnavigated rivers; river restoration; watersheds ID RESTORATION; SYSTEM AB The Upper Mississippi River is characterized by a series of locks and dams, shallow impoundments, and thousands of river channelization structures that facilitate commercial navigation between Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Cairo, Illinois. Agriculture and urban development over the past 200 years have degraded water quality and increased the rate of sediment and nutrient delivery to surface waters. River enhancement has become an important management tool employed to address causes and effects of surface water degradation and river modification in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. We report information on individual river enhancement projects and contrast project densities, goals, activities, monitoring, and cost between commercially non-navigated and navigated rivers (Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers, respectively). The total number of river enhancement projects collected during this effort was 62,108. Cost of all projects reporting spending between 1972 and 2006 was about US$1.6 billion. Water quality management was the most cited project goal within the basin. Other important goals in Navigated Rivers included in-stream habitat improvement and flow modification. Most projects collected for Non-navigated Rivers and their watersheds originated from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the USDA were important sources for projects in Navigated Rivers. Collaborative efforts between agencies that implement projects in Non-navigated and Navigated Rivers may be needed to more effectively address river impairment. However, the current state of data sources tracking river enhancement projects deters efficient and broad-scale integration. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP O'Donnell, TK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM tkot24@mizzou.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 538 EP 549 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00249.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IA UT WOS:000248619000020 ER PT J AU Shah, JJF Dahm, CN Gloss, SP Bernhardt, ES AF Shah, Jennifer J. Follstad Dahm, Clifford N. Gloss, Steven P. Bernhardt, Emily S. TI River and riparian restorationin the southwest: Results of the national river restoration science synthesis project SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; database; monitoring; restoration; riparian; river; US Southwest ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO RIVER; VEGETATION; TAMARIX; FORESTS; STREAM; FLOOD; DAMS; USA AB Restoration activity has exponentially increased across the Southwest since 1990. Over 37,000 records were compiled into the National River Restoration Science Synthesis (NRRSS) database to summarize restoration trends and assess project effectiveness. We analyzed data from 576 restoration projects in the Southwest (NRRSS-SW). More than 50% of projects were less than or equal to 3 km in length. The most common restoration project intent categories were riparian management, water quality management, in-stream habitat improvement, and flow modification. Common project activities were well matched to goals. Conservative estimates of total restoration costs exceeded $500 million. Most restoration dollars have been allocated to flow modification and water quality management. Monitoring was linked to 28% of projects across the Southwest, as opposed to just 10% nationwide. Mean costs were statistically similar whether or not projects were monitored. Results from 48 telephone interviews provided validation of NRRSS-SW database analyses but showed that project costs are often underreported within existing datasets. The majority of interviewees considered their projects to be successful, most often based upon observed improvements to biota or positive public reaction rather than evaluation of field data. The efficacy of restoration is difficult to ascertain given the dearth of information contained within most datasets. There is a great need for regional entities that not only track information on project implementation but also maintain and analyze monitoring data associated with restoration. Agencies that fund or regulate restoration should reward projects that emphasize monitoring and evaluation as much as project implementation. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Stn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Shah, JJF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM follstad.shah@duke.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 550 EP 562 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IA UT WOS:000248619000021 ER PT J AU Applegate, JM Baumann, PC Emery, EB Wooten, MS AF Applegate, Jeromy M. Baumann, Paul C. Emery, Erich B. Wooten, Matthew S. TI First steps in developing a multimetric macroinvertebrate index for the Ohio River SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benthic macroinvertebrates; biological monitoring; biotic integrity; large river; multimetric index; Ohio River ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; WATER; MANAGEMENT; VALIDATION; PERIPHYTON; QUALITY; STREAMS; IBI AB The causes of degradation of aquatic systems are often complex and stem from a variety of human influences. Comprehensive, multimetric biological indices have been developed to quantify this degradation and its effect on aquatic communities, and measure subsequent recovery from anthropogenic stressors. Traditionally, such indices have concentrated on small-to medium-sized streams. Recently, however, the Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn) was created to assess biotic integrity in the Ohio River. The goal of the present project was to begin developing a companion Ohio River multimetric index using benthic macroinvertebrates. Hester-Dendy multiplate samplers were used to evaluate benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in relation to a gradient of Water quality disturbance, represented by varying distances downstream of industrial and municipal wastewater outfalls in the Ohio River. In August 1999 and 2000, samplers were set every 100 In downstream of outfalls (12 outfalls in 1999, 22 in 2000) for 300-1000 m, as well as at upstream reference sites. Candidate metrics (n = 55) were examined to determine which have potential to detect changes in water quality downstream of outfalls. These individual measures of community structure were plotted against distance downstream of each outfall to determine their response to water quality disturbance. Values at reference and outfall sites were also compared. Metrics that are ecologically relevant and showed a response to outfall disturbance were identified as potentially valuable in a multimetric index. Multiple box plots of index scores indicated greater response to outfall disturbance during periods of low-flow, and longitudinal river-wide trends. Evaluation of other types of anthropogenic disturbance, as well as continued analysis of the effects of chemical water quality on macroinvertebrate communities in future years will facilitate further development of a multimetric benthic macroinvertebrate index to evaluate biotic integrity in the Ohio River. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat Commiss, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. No Kentucky Sanitat, Ft Wright, KY 41017 USA. RP Applegate, JM (reprint author), 6950 Amer Pkwy,Suite H, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. EM jeromy_applegate@fws.gov NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 7 BP 683 EP 697 DI 10.1002/rra.1011 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 219BG UT WOS:000250059100001 ER PT J AU Stanley, EH Catalano, MJ Mercado-Silva, N Orra, CH AF Stanley, Emily H. Catalano, Matt J. Mercado-Silva, Norman Orra, Cailin H. TI Effects of dam removal on brook trout in a Wisconsin stream SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE barrier; brook trout; brown trout fish; coldwater; colonization dam removal; invasion; Wisconsin ID UNITED-STATES; BARRIERS; HOMOGENIZATION; LAKES AB Dams create barriers to fish migration and dispersal in drainage basins, and the removal of dams is often viewed as a means of increasing habitat availability and restoring migratory routes of several fish species. However, these barriers can also isolate and protect native taxa from aggressive downstream invaders. We examined fish community composition two years prior to and two years after the removal of a pair of low-head dams from Boulder Creek, Wisconsin, U.S.A. in 2003 to determine if removal of these potential barriers affected the resident population of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Despite the presence of other taxa in the downstream reaches, and in other similar streams adjacent to the Boulder Creek (including the brown trout, Salmo trutta), no new species had colonized the Boulder Creek in the two years following dam removal. The adults catch per unit effort (CPUE) was lower and the young-of-the-year catch per unit effort (YOY CPUE) was higher in 2005 than in 2001 in all reaches, but the magnitude of these changes was substantially larger in the two dam-affected sample reaches relative to an upstream reference reach, indicating a localized effect of the removal. Total length of the adults and the YOY and the adult body condition did not vary between years or among reaches. Thus, despite changes in numbers of adults and the YOYs in some sections of the stream, the lack of new fish species invading Boulder Creek and the limited extent of population change in brook trout indicate that dam removal had a minor effect on these native salmonids in the first two years of the post-removal. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperate Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Stanley, EH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, 680 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ehstanley@wisc.edu OI Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 38 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 7 BP 792 EP 798 DI 10.1002/rra.1021 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 219BG UT WOS:000250059100009 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Rubin, DM Harney, J Mustain, N AF Barnard, Patfick L. Rubin, David M. Harney, Jodi Mustain, Neomi TI Field test comparison of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size using a digital 'beachball' camera versus traditional methods SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grain size; digital image; beach; bed sediment ID RESOLUTION AB This extensive field test of an autocorrelation technique for determining grain size from digital images was conducted using a digital bed-sediment camera, or 'beachball' camera. Using 205 sediment samples and >1200 images from a variety of beaches on the west coast of the US, grain size ranging from sand to granules was measured from field samples using both the autocorrelation technique developed by Rubin [Rubin, D.M., 2004. A simple autocorrelation algorithm for determining grain size from digital images of sediment. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 74(l): 160-165.] and traditional methods (i.e. settling tube analysis, sieving, and point counts). To test the accuracy of the digital-image grain size algorithm, we compared results with manual point counts of an extensive image data set in the Santa Barbara littoral cell. Grain sizes calculated using the autocorrelation algorithm were highly correlated with the point counts of the same images (r(2) = 0.93; n = 79) and had an error of only 1%. Comparisons of calculated grain sizes and grain sizes measured from grab samples demonstrated that the autocorrelation technique works well on high-energy dissipative beaches with well-sorted sediment such as in the Pacific Northwest (r(2) >= 0.92; n = 115). On less dissipative, more poorly sorted beaches such as Ocean Beach in San Francisco, results were not as good (r(2) >= 0.70; n = 67; within 3% accuracy). Because the algorithm works well compared with point counts of the same image, the poorer correlation with grab samples must be a result of actual spatial and vertical variability of sediment in the field; closer agreement between grain size in the images and grain size of grab samples can be achieved by increasing the sampling volume of the images (taking more images, distributed over a volume comparable to that of a grab sample). In all field tests the autocorrelation method was able to predict the mean and median grain size with similar to 96% accuracy, which is more than adequate for the majority of sedimentological applications, especially considering that the autocorrelation technique is estimated to be at least 100 times faster than traditional methods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Coastal & Marine Geol Team, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbamard@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 1-2 BP 180 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.05.016 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA 223CK UT WOS:000250347000011 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ Mionczynski, J Hnilicka, PA AF Mincher, Bruce J. Mionczynski, Jokn Hnilicka, Patrick A. TI Soil redox chemistry limitation of selenium concentration in Carex species sedges SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; bioavailability; redox selenium ID ABSORPTION; SPECIATION; REDUCTION; FORAGES; PLANTS AB Soil samples from normally wet and normally dry locations on an alpine study site were analyzed for total selenium, available selenium, pH, and oxidation-reduction potential (OR-P). The selenium concentration of Carex species sedges from the same sample locations were also analyzed. Total selenium concentrations in soil were variable, and not correlated with Carex selenium concentration. However, soil available selenium and Carex selenium concentrations were found to be related to soil OR-P. Similarly, soil samples maintained in a saturated condition in the laboratory showed rapid decreases in OR-P and in available selenium. The conditions that favor the thermodynamic transition between available and nonavailable Se occur within the range of pH and OR-P found naturally in soil at this location. Water-saturated soil conditions and the resulting low OR-P appear to limit the Se concentration in Carex, a forage plant used by wildlife at the study area. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Wildlife Consultant, Atlantic City, WY 82520 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Bruce.Mincher@inl.gov RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 9 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1097/ss.0b013e3180d0a3da PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 210NU UT WOS:000249463700006 ER PT J AU Bowers, JE AF Bowers, Janice E. TI Has climatic warming altered spring flowering date of sonoran desert shrubs? SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PHENOLOGY; PLANTS; TEMPERATURE; POLLINATION; CACTACEAE; ECOLOGY; GROWTH; CACTI; TIME AB With global warming, flowering at many locations has shifted toward earlier dates of bloom. A steady increase in average annual temperature since the late 1890s makes it likely that flowering also has advanced in the northern Sonoran Desert of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. In this study, phenological models were used to predict annual date of spring bloom in the northern Sonoran Desert from 1894 to 2004; then, herbarium specimens were assessed for objective evidence of the predicted shift in flowering time. The phenological models were derived from known flowering requirements (triggers and heat sums) of Sonoran Desert shrubs. According to the models, flowering might have advanced by 20-41 d from 1894 to 2004. Analysis of herbarium specimens collected during the 20(th) century supported the model predictions. Over time, there was a significant increase in the proportion of shrub specimens collected in flower in March and a significant decrease in the proportion collected in May. Thus, the flowering curve - the proportion of individuals in flower in each spring month - shifted toward the start of the calendar year between 1900 and 1999. This shift could not be explained by collection activity: collectors showed no tendency to be active earlier in the year as time went on, nor did activity toward the end of spring decline in recent decades. Earlier bloom eventually could have substantial impacts on plant and animal communities in the Sonoran Desert, especially on migratory hummingbirds and population dynamics of shrubs. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Bowers, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1675 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. EM spmcl@ag.arizona.edu NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 19 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[347:HCWASF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210OM UT WOS:000249465500002 ER PT J AU Horton, GE Dubreuil, TL Letcher, BH AF Horton, Gregg E. Dubreuil, Todd L. Letcher, Benjamin H. TI A model for estimating passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag antenna efficiencies for interval-specific emigration rates SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DWELLING ATLANTIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; BROWN TROUT; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; UNIFIED APPROACH; RECOVERY DATA; HABITAT USE; RECAPTURE; SURVIVAL; STREAM AB Our goal was to understand movement and its interaction with survival for populations of stream salmonids at long-term study sites in the northeastern United States by employing passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and associated technology. Although our PIT tag antenna arrays spanned the stream channel (at most flows) and were continuously operated, we are aware that aspects of fish behavior, environmental characteristics, and electronic limitations influenced our ability to detect 100% of the emigration from our stream site. Therefore, we required antenna efficiency estimates to adjust observed emigration rates. We obtained such estimates by testing a full-scale physical model of our PIT tag antenna array in a laboratory setting. From the physical model, we developed a statistical model that we used to predict efficiency in the field. The factors most important for predicting efficiency were external radio frequency signal and tag type. For most sampling intervals, there was concordance between the predicted and observed efficiencies, which allowed us to estimate the true emigration rate for our field populations of tagged salmonids. One caveat is that the model's utility may depend on its ability to characterize external radio frequency signals accurately. Another important consideration is the trade-off between the volume of data necessary to model efficiency accurately and the difficulty of storing and manipulating large amounts of data. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Horton, GE (reprint author), 6489 Dry Creek Rd, Healdsburg, CA 95448 USA. EM gregg.horton@sbcglobal.net NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1176 DI 10.1577/T06-053.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600001 ER PT J AU McMahon, TE Zale, AV Barrows, FT Selong, JH Danehy, RJ AF McMahon, Thomas E. Zale, Alexander V. Barrows, Frederic T. Selong, Jason H. Danehy, Robert J. TI Temperature and competition between bull trout and brook trout: A test of the elevation refuge hypothesis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; WATER TEMPERATURE; BROWN TROUT; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LABORATORY STREAMS; BODY-COMPOSITION; MONTANA STREAMS AB We tested the elevation refuge hypothesis that colder temperatures impart a competitive advantage to bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and thus account for increased biotic resistance to invasion and displacement by brook trout S. fontinalis in headwater streams. Growth, survival, and behavior were compared in allopatry and sympatry at temperatures of 8-20 degrees C in the laboratory. In allopatry, age-0 bull trout and brook trout grew at similar rates at temperatures of 8.0-14.3 degrees C, but brook trout grew significantly faster at higher temperatures. In sympatry, bull trout grew significantly less than brook trout at all test temperatures, with growth differences increasing linearly with increased temperature. Age-1 brook trout had significantly higher feeding and aggression rates than did similar-sized bull trout at 8 degrees C and 16 degrees C. The modeled growth of age-0 bull trout and brook trout based on tributary temperature data from a high-elevation site (mean summer temperature, 10 degrees C) and a low-elevation site (14 degrees C) was similar for both species in allopatry. However, brook trout achieved much greater size than bull trout in sympatry, particularly at the warm site, where the predicted size of brook trout was 21.7 min (23%) greater in length and 4.9 g (60%) greater in weight. Brook trout therefore had a marked size and growth advantage over bull trout at warm temperatures, but bull trout do not appear to gain a similar advantage over brook trout at low temperatures. Thus, factors in addition to water temperature are relevant to protecting remaining bull trout populations from displacement by brook trout in headwater streams. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59714 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Springfield, OR 97478 USA. RP McMahon, TE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol Fish & Wildlife Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM tmcmahon@montana.edu OI Danehy, Robert/0000-0002-0012-9010 NR 73 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1326 DI 10.1577/T06-217.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600014 ER PT J AU Bestgen, KR Hawkins, JA White, GC Christopherson, KD Hudson, JM Fuller, MH Krrcheyan, DC Brunson, R Badame, P Haines, GB Jackson, JA Walford, CD Sorensen, TA AF Bestgen, Kevin R. Hawkins, John A. White, Gary C. Christopherson, Kevin D. Hudson, J. Michael Fuller, Mark H. Krrcheyan, D. Chris Brunson, Ronald Badame, Paul Haines, G. Bruce Jackson, Julie A. Walford, Cameron D. Sorensen, Tasha A. TI Population status of Colorado pikeminnow in the Green River basin, Utah and Colorado SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; PTYCHOCHEILUS-LUCIUS; MARKED ANIMALS; ROBUST DESIGN; LIFE-HISTORY; WHITE RIVER; SQUAWFISH; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; FISH AB Capture-recapture sampling of 819 km of streams in the Green River subbasin, Utah and Colorado, of the Colorado River basin was conducted in 2000-2003 to estimate population demographic parameters and recovery status for endangered Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius. Parameter estimates from a Huggins robust-design, multistratum model suggested a basinwide decline in the abundance of adult (total length, >= 450 mm) Colorado pikeminnow. Reductions were most severe in the middle Green River (59%) and White River (63%), the two largest population segments. Reductions were less severe in the Yampa River (29%), Desolation-Gray Canyon (11%), and lower Green River reaches (36%). In 2001, the first year the entire subbasin was sampled, adult Colorado pikeminnow abundance was estimated at 3,304 fish (95% confidence interval, 2,900-3,707) but declined to 2,142 fish (1,686-2,598) by 2003, a 35% reduction. However, accounting for a reach not sampled in 2000 makes it likely that the reduction was 48% over the 2000-2003 period. The abundance of recruits (400-449 mm) in the study area averaged 8.9% of adult abundance. The annual survival rate for 2000-2003 was 0.65 (0.59-0.71), lower than the 0.82 rate estimated for 1991-1999; mortality exceeded recruitment. The few captures and lack of recaptures of fish of at least 800 Tom suggest that apparent survival was low for large Colorado pikeminnow. The reduced abundance of adult Colorado pikeminnow was due, in pan, to the weak year-classes of age-0 fish produced in the 1990s and the reduced survival of recruits and adults in 2000-2003. Based on these results, downlisting of this species is not warranted at this time. Better understanding of the factors that influence adult survival rates, abundance dynamics, and the recruitment of early life stages as well as the effects of flow recommendations and normative predaceous fishes would assist the conservation of Colorado pikeminnow. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Larval Fish Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NE Reg Off, Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. Moab Field Stn, Utah Div Wildlife Resources, Moab, UT 84532 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. RP Bestgen, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Larval Fish Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kbestgen@warnercnr.colostate.edu NR 86 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1356 EP 1380 DI 10.1577/T05-303.1 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600018 ER PT J AU DuBey, RJ Caldwell, CA Gould, WR AF DuBey, Robert J. Caldwell, Colleen A. Gould, William R. TI Relative susceptibility and effects on performance of Rio Grande cutthroat trout and rainbow trout challenged with Myxobolus cerebralis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED INFECTIONS; WHIRLING DISEASE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; SALMONIDS; FIELD; COLORADO; EXPOSURE; RIVER; AGE AB We evaluated the susceptibility of Rio Grande cutthroat trout (RGCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to infection by Myxobolus cerebralis in a laboratory experiment. In the same experiment, rainbow trout (RBT) O. mykiss were similarly exposed to M. cerebralis as a reference of known sensitivity to the parasite. Treatments consisting of six parasite concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 triactinomyxons [TAMS] per fish) were randomized within a complete block design using RGCT and RBT fry beginning at 60 d posthatch (600 degree-days at 10 degrees C). The laboratory experiment was terminated at 130 d postexposure (1,900 degree-days at 10 degrees C). Diagnostic metrics included clinical signs (behavioral and black tail), survival, myxospore counts, histology, and a swimming performance challenge. Clinical signs of whirling disease were observed within both species at 500 and 1,000 TAMs/fish by 66 d postexposure to the disease. Rio Grande cutthroat trout exhibited significantly lower survival (50% cumulative mortality at 1,000 TAMs/fish) and a significant concentration response compared with RBT (8% cumulative mortality at 1,000 TAMs/fish). Histological scoring of cranial sections using a 0-5 scale of increasing pathogenic effect revealed greater disease severity in RGCT (3.20) than in RBT (2.43) at 100 TAMs/fish but no difference at 1,000 TAMs/fish (4.15 and 4.12, respectively). Swimming performance revealed detectably lower critical swimming speed in both RGCT and RBT in relation to increased parasite concentrations, the RGCT exhibiting detectably lower critical swimming speeds than the RBT at increased parasite concentration. If M. cerebralis were to spread to areas supporting RGCT, population-level effects may occur. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP DuBey, RJ (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM rdubey@nmsu.edu NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1406 EP 1414 DI 10.1577/T06-251.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600021 ER PT J AU Ciancio, JE Pascual, MA Beauchamp, DA AF Ciancio, Javier E. Pascual, Miguel A. Beauchamp, David A. TI Energy density of patagonian aquatic organisms and empirical predictions based on water content SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; FALKLAND-ISLANDS; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; BEAGLE CHANNEL; FISH; DIET; ENERGETICS; ARGENTINA; FOOD; LAKE AB We measured the energy density for key species in the freshwater and marine ecosystems of Patagonia, providing the first database of such information for poorly known fauna, including fish, cephalopods, crustaceans, gastropods, annelids, and insects. We then considered an empirical model linking energy density (which is costly to estimate) to water content (which is easy to estimate) and compared the fit of the model with data from different taxonomic groups. Finally, we evaluated the predictive power of models with different levels of taxonomic aggregation to estimate energy density from water content. Fish (7,148-3,443 J/g of wet weight) had the highest energy density, followed by crustaceans (5,906-2,507 J/g), insects (5,794-1,334 J/g), mollusks (5,014-1,661 J/g), and annelids (4,542-1,954 J/g). The use of water content as a predictor of energy density provided greatly improved predictions as compared with use of the mean energy density value. As expected, the predictive power improved when more specific levels of taxonomic aggregation were employed. Nevertheless, we were able to identify levels of aggregation that provided high levels of predictive power. We regard the data generated as primary products for future research on energy fluxes in Patagonian aquatic ecosystems. C1 Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. Univ Nacl Patagonia, Austral, Santa Cruz, Argentina. Univ Nacl Patagonia, Chubut, Argentina. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ciancio, JE (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagon, Blvd Brown S-N, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. EM uncianci@cenpat.edu.ar NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1422 DI 10.1577/T06-173.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600022 ER PT J AU Figueroa-Johnson, MA Tindall, JA Friedel, M AF Figueroa-Johnson, Maria A. Tindall, James A. Friedel, Michael TI A comparison of O-18 delta composition of water extracted from suction lysimeters, centrifugation, and azeotropic distillation SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE soil-water sampling; DelO18; azeotropic distillation; macropores; unsaturated zone; soil-water classes; capillary water; gravitational water; hygroscopic water; preferential flowpaths ID UNDISTURBED SOIL COLUMNS; POROUS CERAMIC CUPS; CHLORIDE MOVEMENT; UNSATURATED ZONE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MACROPORES; TRANSPORT; PROFILES; BROMIDE; SYSTEM AB The representativeness of soil pore water extracted by suction lysimeters in ground-water monitoring studies is a problem that often confounds interpretation of measured data. Current soil water sampling techniques cannot delineate from which soil volume a pore water sample is extracted, neither macroscopic, microscopic, or preferential flowpath. This research was undertaken to compare delta O-18 and Br- values of extracted suction lysimeters samples from intact soil cores with samples obtained by the direct extraction methods of centrifugation and azeotropic distillation. Also, the study was concerned with determining what portion of soil pore water is sampled by each method and explaining differences in concentrations of the extracted water from each method to allow a determination of the accuracy and viability of the three methods of extraction. Intact soil cores (30 cm diameter by 40 cm height) were extracted from two different sites. Site 1 was rapid infiltration basin number 50, near Altamonte Springs in Seminole County, Florida. Site 2 was the Missouri Management System Evaluation Area (MSEA) near Centralia in Boone County, Missouri. Isotopically (O-18 delta) labeled water and bromide concentrations within water samples taken by suction lysimeters was compared with samples obtained by methods of centrifugation and azeotropic distillation. The O-18 delta water was analyzed by mass spectrometry while bromide concentration, applied in the form of KBr was measured using standard IC procedures. Water collected by centrifugation and azeotropic distillation data were about 0.25 parts per thousand more negative than that collected by suction lysimeter values from a sandy soil and about 2-7 parts per thousand more negative from a well structured soil. Results indicate that the majority of soil water in well-structured soil is strongly bound to soil grain surfaces and is not easily sampled by suction lysimeters. In cases where a sufficient volume of water has passed through the soil profile and displaced previous pore water, suction lysimeters will collect a representative sample of soil pore water from the sampled depth interval. It is suggested that for stable isotope studies monitoring precipitation and soil water, suction lysimeter be installed at shallow depths (10 cm). Samples should also be coordinated with precipitation events. The data also suggest that each extraction method samples a separate component of soil-pore water. Centrifugation can be used with success, particularly for efficient sampling of large areas. Azeotropic distillation is more appropriate when strict qualitative and quantitative data on sorption desorption, and various types of kinetic studies may be needed. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Res Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Geol Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Tindall, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Res Program, Box 25046,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jtindall@usgs.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 184 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s11270-007-9399-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 203YR UT WOS:000249010500006 ER PT J AU Risch, MR Prestbo, EM Hawkins, L AF Risch, Martin R. Prestbo, Eric M. Hawkins, Lucas TI Measurement of atmospheric mercury species with manual sampling and analysis methods in a case study in Indiana SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE air sampling; atmospheric mercury; dry deposition; Indiana; mercury species ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; AMBIENT AIR; DEPOSITION; WET AB Ground-level concentrations of three atmospheric mercury species were measured using manual sampling and analysis to provide data for estimates of mercury dry deposition. Three monitoring stations were operated simultaneously during winter, spring, and summer 2004, adjacent to three mercury wet-deposition monitoring stations in northern, central, and southern Indiana. The monitoring locations differed in land-use setting and annual mercury-emissions level from nearby sources. A timer-controlled air-sampling system that contained a three-part sampling train was used to isolate reactive gaseous mercury, particulate-bound mercury, and elemental mercury. The sampling trains were exchanged every 6 days, and the mercury species were quantified in a laboratory. A quality-assurance study indicated the sampling trains could be held at least 120 h without a significant change in reactive gaseous or particulate-bound mercury concentrations. The manual sampling method was able to provide valid mercury concentrations in 90 to 95% of samples. Statistical differences in mercury concentrations were observed during the project. Concentrations of reactive gaseous and elemental mercury were higher in the daytime samples than in the nighttime samples. Concentrations of reactive gaseous mercury were higher in winter than in summer and were highest at the urban monitoring location. The results of this case study indicated manual sampling and analysis could be a reliable method for measurement of atmospheric mercury species and has the capability for supplying representative concentrations in an effective manner from a long-term deposition-monitoring network. C1 US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. Frotier Geosci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Risch, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5957 Lakeside Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. EM mrrisch@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 184 IS 1-4 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s11270-007-9416-y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 203YR UT WOS:000249010500021 ER PT J AU Elliotr, ML Hurt, R Sydeman, WJ AF Elliotr, Meredith L. Hurt, Rachel Sydeman, William J. TI Breeding biology and status of the California least tern Stema antillarum browni at Alameda Point, San Francisco Bay, California SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE least tern; breeding success; population status; dropped prey; alameda point; San Francisco bay; estuary; environmental stochasticity ID CHICKS AB The largest breeding colony of the endangered California Least Tern (Sterna antillarum browni) north of San Luis Obispo County occurs at Alameda Point, San Francisco Bay, California. Data on population size, reproductive success, and food habits were collected since the colony's inception in 1976, while more specific data on breeding chronology (dates of active nesting and nest initiation dates), clutch size, hatching success, and size of prey dropped at the breeding site were collected from 2000-2004. The number of breeding pairs increased by 10.4% per year, making this colony the largest colony in San Francisco Bay and representing 6% of the state population. Breeding success varied but is generally superior to the state's combined productivity numbers. Of the 32 Least Tern sites monitored in 2004, only five other colonies had higher breeding success than Alameda Point in that year. Despite the colony's success, both hatching and breeding success have declined since the mid-1990s. Terns at this urban location forage in central and south San Francisco Bay, characterized by both marine and estuarine water. Dropped prey collected since 1981 indicate that silversides (family Atherinopsidae) were the most abundant prey in all years. Breeding success was positively correlated with the proportion of Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax, family Engraulididae), the second most common prey collected, suggesting that this high-energy fish may be beneficial to thes e terns. Potential factors limiting growth of this crucial northern Least Tern colony include predation and human disturbance, an inadequate protected nesting area, and environmental variability and its effects on prey abundance. C1 PRBO Conservat Sci, Marine Ecol Div, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newark, CA 94560 USA. RP Elliotr, ML (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, Marine Ecol Div, 3820 Cypress Dr 11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. EM melliott@prbo.org NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0317:BBASOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 225WW UT WOS:000250549900001 ER PT J AU Andrei, AE Smith, LM Haukos, DA Johnson, WP AF Andrei, Adrian E. Smith, Loren M. Haukos, David A. Johnson, William P. TI Behavior of migrant shorebirds in saline lakes of the Southern Great Plains SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American avocet; least sandpiper; lesser yellowlegs; new Mexico; saline lakes; shorebirds; Southern Great Plains; texas; Wilson's phalarope ID NONBREEDING SHOREBIRDS; NOCTURNAL BEHAVIOR; AMERICAN AVOCETS; NEW-MEXICO; RED KNOTS; BODY-MASS; TEXAS; HABITAT; BASINS; NORTH AB We recorded and compared diurnal and nocturnal time-activity budgets of American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana), Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes), Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla), and Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) on 21 saline lakes in the Southern Great Plains, USA, during spring and summer/fall 2002 and 2003 to examine importance of saline lakes as migratory stopover sites. All four species spent most of their time feeding (47-70%) and resting (7-37%) by day and at night during spring and fall migrations. Little time was spent in other behaviors. Time budgets differed among species and between seasons, likely due to different energy needs. Time spent foraging varied seasonally between saline lakes and freshwater playas for American Avocets and Least Sandpipers, likely due to differences in vegetation cover and availability of prey between these wetland types. For most species, time spent foraging and resting differed between day and night. Therefore, extrapolating diurnal activity budgets to the entire 24-hour period and from one type of habitat to another within the same region is not recommended. Saline lakes are used by migrant shorebirds as stopover sites where they replenish lipid stores. Conservation efforts should focus on preserving these unique wetlands and the freshwater springs that discharge in them. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. RP Andrei, AE (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM andreia@lincolnu.edu NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0326:BOMSIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 225WW UT WOS:000250549900002 ER PT J AU Pollentier, CD Kenow, KP Meyer, MW AF Pollentier, Christopher D. Kenow, Kevin P. Meyer, Michael W. TI Common loon (Gavia immer) eggshell thickness and egg volume vary with acidity of nest lake in northern Wisconsin SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE common Loon; Gavia immer; lake pH; eggshell; eggshell thickness; egg volume ID CRAYFISH ORCONECTES-VIRILIS; LOW PH LAKES; MERCURY EXPOSURE; METHYL MERCURY; CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBONS; ACIDIFIED LAKES; SHELL THICKNESS; DOMESTIC-FOWL; GLAND MUCOSA; METHYLMERCURY AB Environmental acidification has been associated with factors that may negatively affect reproduction in many waterbirds. Declines in lake pH can lead to reductions in food availability and quality, or result in the altered availability of toxic metals, such as mercury. A recent laboratory study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources indicated that Common Loon (Gavia immer) chicks hatched from eggs collected on acidic lakes in northern Wisconsin may be less responsive to stimuli and exhibit reduced growth compared to chicks from neutral-pH lakes. Here we report on the relation between Common Loon egg characteristics (eggshell thickness and egg volume) and lake pH, as well as eggshell methylmercury content. Eggs (N = 84) and lake pH measurements were obtained from a four county region of northern Wisconsin. Eggshells were 34% thinner on lakes with pH! <= 6.3 than on neutral-pH lakes and this relation was linear across the pH range investigated (P < 0.05). Egg volume also tended to be larger in eggs from neutral-pH lakes. Eggshell methylmercury content however was not significantly related to shell thickness (P > 0.05, n.s.) or lake pH. Results suggest that low lake pH may be associated with thinner eggshells and reduced egg volume in Common Loons. We speculate on the mechanisms that may lead to this phenomenon. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Pollentier, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM cpollentier@usgs.gov RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0367:CLGIET]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 225WW UT WOS:000250549900005 ER PT J AU Stolen, ED Collazo, JA Percival, HF AF Stolen, Eric D. Collazo, Jaime A. Percival, H. Franklin TI Scale-dependent habitat selection of nesting Great Egrets and Snowy Egrets SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE foraging habitat; habitat selection; flight distance; scale; Great Egret; Ardea alba; Snowy Egret; Egretta thula; impounded habitat; coastal wetlands ID INDIAN-RIVER LAGOON; WADING BIRDS CICONIIFORMES; BLUE HERON; RESOURCE SELECTION; LAKE-OKEECHOBEE; FOOD-INTAKE; GARZETTA; SUCCESS; FLORIDA; AVAILABILITY AB Foraging habitat selection of nesting Great Egrets (Ardea alba) and Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula) was investigated within an estuary with extensive impounded salt marsh habitat. Using a geographic information system, available habitat was partitioned into concentric bands at five, ten, and 15 km radius from nesting colonies to assess the relative effects of habitat composition and distance on habitat selection. Snowy Egrets were more likely than Great Egrets to depart colonies and travel to foraging sites in groups, but both species usually arrived at sites that were occupied by other wading birds. Mean flight distances were 6.2 km (SE = 0.4, N = 28, range 1.8-10.7 km) for Great Egrets and 4.7 km (SE = 0.48, N = 31, range 0.7-12.5 km) for Snowy Egrets. At the broadest spatial scale both species used impounded (mostly salt marsh) and estuarine edge habitat more than expected based on availability while avoiding unimpounded (mostly fresh water wetland) habitat. At more local scales habitat use matched availability. Interpretation of habitat preference differed with the types of habitat that were included and the maximum distance that habitat was considered available. These results illustrate that caution is needed when interpreting the results of habitat preference studies when individuals are constrained in their choice of habitats, such as for central place foragers. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stolen, ED (reprint author), Dynamac Corp, Mail Code DYN-2, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM eric.d.stolen@nasa.gov NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 384 EP 393 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0384:SHSONG]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 225WW UT WOS:000250549900007 ER PT J AU Austin, JE Keough, JR Pyle, WH AF Austin, Jane E. Keough, Janet R. Pyle, William H. TI Effects of habitat management treatments on plant community composition and biomass in a montane wetland SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE environmental gradient; grazing; hydrology; Idaho; idle; prescribed burning C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. US EPA, Mid Continental Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grays Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Wayan, ID 83285 USA. RP Austin, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM jape_austitz@usgs.gov OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 570 EP 587 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[570:EOHMTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600013 ER PT J AU Pierce, AR King, SL AF Pierce, Aaron R. King, Sammy L. TI The influence of valley plugs in channelized streams on floodplain sedimentation dynamics over the last century SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE channelization; dendrogeomorphic techniques; forested wetlands C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, USGS Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources 124, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pierce, AR (reprint author), Nicholls State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, POB 2021, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. EM aaron.pierce@nicholls.edu NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 631 EP 643 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[631:TIOVPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600018 ER PT J AU Kirsch, EM Gray, BR Fox, TJ Thogmartin, WE AF Kirsch, Eileen M. Gray, Brian R. Fox, Timothy J. Thogmartin, Wayne E. TI Breeding bird territory placement in riparian wet meadows in relation to invasive reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE breeding birds; common yellowthroat; riparian; Sedge Wren; song sparrow; Swamp Sparrow C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Kirsch, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM ekirsch@usgs.gov RI Thogmartin, Wayne/A-4461-2008; OI Thogmartin, Wayne/0000-0002-2384-4279; Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 644 EP 655 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[644:BBTPIR]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600019 ER PT J AU Sumner, DM AF Sumner, David M. TI Effects of capillarity and microtopography on wetland specific yield SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Everglades; hydrologic model; hydrologic simulation; peat ID SHALLOW-WATER TABLE; SOIL-WATER; RECHARGE; FLORIDA; LAND; FLOW C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Sumner, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 12703 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM dmsumner@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[693:EOCAMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600023 ER PT J AU Ratnayeke, S van Manen, FT Padmalal, UKGK AF Ratnayeke, Shyamala van Manen, Frank T. Padmalal, U. K. G. K. TI Home ranges and habitat use of sloth bears Melursus ursinus inornatus in Wasgomuwa National Park, Sri Lanka SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; habitat; home range; Melursus ursinus inornatus; sloth bear; Sri Lanka ID VEGETATION SURVEY; ORYCTEROPUS-AFER; MADHYA-PRADESH; SAMPLE-SIZE; BLACK BEARS; ECOLOGY; PREFERENCE; BEHAVIOR; INDIA; NEPAL AB We studied home ranges and habitat selection of 10 adult sloth bears Melursus ursinus inornatus at Wasgomuwa National Park, Sri Lanka during 2002-2003. Very little is known about the ecology and behaviour of M. u. inornatus, which is a subspecies found in Sri Lanka. Our study was undertaken to assess space and habitat requirements typical of a viable population of M. u. inornatus to facilitate future conservation efforts. We captured and radio-collared 10 adult sloth bears and used the telemetry data to assess home-range size and habitat use. Mean 95% fixed kernel home ranges were 2.2 km(2) (SE = 0.61) and 3.8 km(2) (SE = 1.01) for adult females and males, respectively. Although areas outside the national park were accessible to bears, home ranges were almost exclusively situated within the national park boundaries. Within the home ranges, high forests were used more and abandoned agricultural fields (chenas) were used less than expected based on availability. Our estimates of home-range size are among the smallest reported for any species of bear. Thus, despite its relatively small size, Wasgomuwa National Park may support a sizeable population of sloth bears. The restriction of human activity within protected areas may be necessary for long-term viability of sloth bear populations in Sri Lanka as is maintenance of forest or scrub cover in areas with existing sloth bear populations and along potential travel corridors. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, So Appalachian Res Branch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ratnayeke, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sratnaye@utk.edu; vanmanen@utk.edu; kalingap@yahoo.com NR 65 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2007)13[272:HRAHUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 215ZY UT WOS:000249848700007 ER PT J AU Bell, LA Pitman, JC Patten, MA Wolfe, DH Sherrod, SK Fuhlendorf, SD AF Bell, Luke A. Pitman, James C. Patten, Michael A. Wolfe, Donald H. Sherrod, Steve K. Fuhlendorf, Samuel D. TI Juvenile lesser prairie-chicken growth and development in Southeastern New Mexico SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS; BIRDS AB We examined growth rates and physical development of four body characteristics (mass, wing chord, bill length, and head width) of Lesser Prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) 3 to 111 days post-hatch in southeastern New Mexico. Growth rates, inflection points, and selected growth curves (logistic and Gompertz) associated with body mass and wing chord were similar between Lesser Prairie-chickens in New Mexico and Kansas. The asymptotic body mass (713 +/- 7 g) was less for female and male yearling Lesser Prairie-chickens in New Mexico than for either yearling females or males in Kansas (male: 789 +/- 4, female: 719 +/- 6). Juvenile Lesser Prairie-chickens in New Mexico achieved 90% of their asymptotic body mass 7 days faster than Lesser Prairie-chickens in Kansas. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Kansas Dept Wildlife & Parks, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sutton Avian Res Ctr, Bartlesville, OK 74005 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, TX 76011 USA. RP Bell, LA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 367 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM Luke_Bell@fws.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3 BP 386 EP 391 DI 10.1676/05-125.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 210OV UT WOS:000249466400008 ER PT J AU Sykes, PW Atherton, LS Payne, RL AF Sykes, Paul W., Jr. Atherton, Lyn S. Payne, Rebecca L. TI Yellow-throated and red-eyed vireos foraging on green anoles during migration SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRDS AB Yellow-throated (Vireo flavifrons) and Red-eyed vireos (V. olivaceus) were observed feeding on green anoles (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis) at two localities in Florida and one in South Carolina. Vireos are long-distance migrants that require foods high in fatty acid content, especially when engaging in migration. It is not unlikely that vireos have an opportunistic foraging strategy to obtain the necessary food requirements, including attacking and consuming prey items such as small lizards. This note provides the first published reports of lizards taken as prey by these two species. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sykes, PW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM paul_sykes@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 119 IS 3 BP 508 EP 510 DI 10.1676/06-163.1 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 210OV UT WOS:000249466400030 ER PT J AU Cisneros-Heredia, DF Mcdiarmid, RW AF Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. Mcdiarmid, Roy W. TI Revision of the characters of Centrolenidae (Amphibia : Anura : Athesphatanura), with comments on its taxonomy and the description of new taxa of glassfrogs SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE centrolenidae; diagnostic characters; variation; peritoneal coloration; nuptial excrescences; taxonomy; synonyms; Centrolene; Cochranella; Hyalinobatrachium; Nymphargus; new genus; Nymphargus laurae; new species ID HYPEROLIUS-VIRIDIFLAVUS AMPHIBIA; HYALINOBATRACHIUM-PULVERATUM ANURA; COCHRANELLA-GRANULOSA GROUP; GENUS TELMATOBIUS ANURA; AMAZON RAIN-FOREST; ARID ENVIRONMENT; REED FROG; COSTA-RICA; TREE-FROG; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR AB Anurans of the family Centrolenidae are a diverse clade of arboreal frogs distributed across tropical America. Knowledge of their taxonomy, systematics, ecology, behavior, morphology, and other evolutionary aspects of their biology is deficient. Relationships among centrolenid species remain largely unresolved, with no satisfactory phylogenetic hypothesis, and none of the current genera has compelling evidence of monophyly. Further, understanding the phylogeny of glassfrogs is constrained by species-level taxonomic problems, including incorrect description of characters, incomplete analyses of intraspecific variation, and lack of appreciation of species diversity. Herein, we define and analyze the 23 characters that are useful, in combination, in diagnosing centrolenid species, and thereby provide a reference for the use of future workers. We propose revised classifications for the parietal and visceral peritoneal pigmentation, liver form and coloration of its associated hepatic peritoneum, nuptial excrescences, and hand ornamentation. We comment on the generic and species-level taxonomy of Centrolenidae, proposing the recognition of a new genus and describing a new species from Ecuador. We treat Hyla ocellifera Boulenger as a synonym of Centrolene prosoblepon (Boettger), Hyalinobatrachium cardiacalyptum McCranie & Wilson as a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi ( Taylor), and Hyalinobatrachium crybetes McCranie and Wilson as a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum ( Taylor). We also present an annotated list of the species of glassfrogs from the Republic of Ecuador with some distributional remarks. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ San Francisco, Colegio Ciencias Biol & Ambientales, San Francisco, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cisneros-Heredia, DF (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM diegofrancisco_cisneros@yahoo.com; mcdiarmr@si.edu RI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/D-1744-2011 OI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/0000-0002-6132-2738 NR 216 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 31 PY 2007 IS 1572 BP 3 EP 82 PG 80 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 206XV UT WOS:000249217100001 ER PT J AU da Luz, BR Crowley, JK AF da Luz, Beatriz Ribeiro Crowley, James K. TI Spectral reflectance and emissivity features of broad leaf plants: Prospects for remote sensing in the thermal infrared (8.0-14.0 mu m) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE plant spectra; leaf chemistry; thermal infrared; FTIR spectroscopy; remote sensing; field spectrometer ID ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; FIELD SPECTROMETER; PLANETARY SURFACES; LEAVES; POLYSACCHARIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; HEMICELLULOSES; CELLULOSE; BANDS; TOOL AB Field emissivity measurements were made of leaves collected from nine deciduous tree and agricultural plant species. The data show, for the first time, that it is possible to discriminate subtle spectral emissivity features of leaves from the natural background emission. Under conditions of controlled measurement geometry (leaves arranged to cover a flat surface), the field emissivity spectra agreed fairly well with emissivity values calculated from laboratory directional hemispherical reflectance measurements. Spectral features associated with a variety of leaf chemical constituents, including cellulose, cutin, xylan, silica, and oleanolic acid could be identified in the field emissivity data. Structural aspects of leaf surfaces also influenced spectral behavior, notably the abundance of trichomes, as well as wax thickness and texture. Field spectral measurements made at increasing distances from natural plant canopies showed progressive attenuation of the spectral emissivity features. This attenuation is ascribed to increased multiple scattering that superimposes an opposite-in-sign reflected component on the emittance, and to the increasing number of canopy voids within the instrument field of view. Errors associated with the removal of atmospheric features and with the non-isotropic thermal characteristics of canopies also contribute to the loss of spectral information at greater measurement distances. In contrast to visible and short-wave infrared data, thermal infrared spectra of broad leaf plants show considerable spectral diversity, suggesting that such data eventually could be utilized to map vegetation composition. However, remotely measuring the subtle emissivity features of leaves still presents major challenges. To be successful, sensors operating in the 8-14 mu m atmospheric window must have high signal-to-noise and a small enough instantaneous field of view to allow measurements of only a few leaf surfaces. Methods for atmospheric compensation, temperature-emissivity separation, and spectral feature analysis also will need to be refined to allow the recognition, and perhaps, exploitation of leaf thermal infrared spectral properties. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP da Luz, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 954,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM bribeirodaluz@usgs.gov RI 黄, 建荣/B-8070-2011 NR 58 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 30 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.01.008 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 193RZ UT WOS:000248293300001 ER PT J AU Lebron, I Madsen, MD Chandler, DG Robinson, DA Wendroth, O Belnap, J AF Lebron, I. Madsen, M. D. Chandler, D. G. Robinson, D. A. Wendroth, O. Belnap, J. TI Ecohydrological controls on soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity within a pinyon-juniper woodland SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER REPELLENCY; SEMIARID WOODLAND; VEGETATION; SAVANNA; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; EROSION; HETEROGENEITY AB The impact of pinyon-juniper woodland encroachment on rangeland ecosystems is often associated with a reduction of streamflow and recharge and an increase in soil erosion. The objective of this study is to investigate vegetational control on seasonal soil hydrologic properties along a 15-m transect in pinyon-juniper woodland with biocrust. We demonstrate that the juniper tree controls soil water content (SWC) patterns directly under the canopy via interception, and beyond the canopy via shading in a preferred orientation, opposite to the prevailing wind direction. The juniper also controls the SWC and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measured close to water saturation (K(h)) under the canopy by the creation of soil water repellency due to needle drop. We use this information to refine the hydrologic functional unit (HFU) concept into three interacting hydrologic units: canopy patches, intercanopy patches, and a transitional unit formed by intercanopy patches in the rain shadow of the juniper tree. Spatial autoregressive state-space models show the close relationship between K(h) close to soil water saturation and SWC at medium and low levels, integrating a number of influences on hydraulic conductivity. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Provo, UT USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY USA. US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, Moab, UT USA. RP Lebron, I (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT USA. EM lebron@stanford.edu RI Robinson, David/A-6287-2010; lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013; Chandler, David/E-4543-2013 OI Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867; lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717; Chandler, David/0000-0002-8662-2892 NR 67 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 8 AR W08422 DI 10.1029/2006WR005398 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 204IN UT WOS:000249037300002 ER PT J AU Su, GW Jasperse, J Seymour, D Constantz, J Zhou, Q AF Su, Grace W. Jasperse, James Seymour, Donald Constantz, James Zhou, Quanlin TI Analysis of pumping-induced unsaturated regions beneath a perennial river SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER TRACERS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; STREAM DEPLETION; FIELD; ZONE; FILTRATION; RECHARGE; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB The presence of an unsaturated region beneath a streambed during groundwater pumping near streams can reduce the pumping capacity, change flow paths, and alter the types of biological transformations in the streambed sediments. A three-dimensional, multiphase flow model of two horizontal collector wells along the Russian River near Forestville, California, was developed to investigate the impact of varying the ratio of the aquifer to streambed permeability on (1) the formation of an unsaturated region beneath the stream, (2) the pumping capacity, (3) stream water fluxes through the streambed, and (4) stream water traveltimes to the collector wells. The aquifer to streambed permeability ratio at which the unsaturated region was initially observed ranged from 10 to 100. The size of the unsaturated region beneath the streambed increased as the aquifer to streambed permeability ratio increased. The simulations also indicated that for a particular aquifer permeability, decreasing the streambed permeability by only a factor of 2-3 from the permeability where desaturation initially occurred resulted in reducing the pumping capacity. In some cases, the stream water fluxes increased as the streambed permeability decreased. However, the stream water residence times increased and the fraction of stream water that reached that the wells decreased as the streambed permeability decreased, indicating that a higher streambed flux does not necessarily correlate to greater recharge of stream water around the wells. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CalStar Cement, Newark, CA USA. Sonoma Cty Water Agcy, Santa Rosa, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Su, GW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM graces@calstarcement.com RI Zhou, Quanlin/B-2455-2009 OI Zhou, Quanlin/0000-0001-6780-7536 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 8 AR W08421 DI 10.1029/2006WR005389 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 204IN UT WOS:000249037300001 ER PT J AU Capel, PD Webb, RM AF Capel, Paul D. Webb, Richard M. TI ENVR 71-Multicompartment analysis of the behavior and fate of metolachlor in the environment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Capel, Paul D.; Webb, Richard M.] Univ Minnesota, US Geol Survey, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM cape1001@umn.edu; rmwebb@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 71-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902686 ER PT J AU Eganhouse, RP Pontolillo, J AF Eganhouse, Robert P. Pontolillo, James TI ENVR 40-Old pollutants never die-they just fade away: The fate of DDT on the Palos Verdes Shelf SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eganhouse, Robert P.; Pontolillo, James] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM eganhous@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 40-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902609 ER PT J AU Yang, LJ Li, XQ Crusius, J Jans, U Melcer, ME Zhang, PF AF Yang, Lijia Li, Xiqing Crusius, John Jans, Urs Melcer, Michael E. Zhang, Pengfei TI ENVR 14-Persistent chlordane concentrations in Long Island Sound sediment: Implications from chlordane, 210Pb and 137Cs depth profiles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, Lijia] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Li, Xiqing] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Crusius, John] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jans, Urs] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Melcer, Michael E.] US Merchant Marine Acad, Dept Math & Sci, Kings Point, NY 11024 USA. [Zhang, Pengfei] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM lyang001@sci.ccny.cuny.edu; ujans@ccny.cuny.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 14-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902721 ER PT J AU d'Alessio, MA Williams, CF AF d'Alessio, M. A. Williams, C. F. TI Putting it all together: Exhumation histories from a formal combination of heat flow and a suite of thermochronometers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID APATITE FISSION-TRACK; SOUTHERN VICTORIA LAND; HE-4/HE-3 THERMOCHRONOMETRY; (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; HELIUM DIFFUSION; EVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS; CALIBRATION; CALIFORNIA AB A suite of new techniques in thermochronometry allow analysis of the thermal history of a sample over a broad range of temperature sensitivities. New analysis tools must be developed that fully and formally integrate these techniques, allowing a single geologic interpretation of the rate and timing of exhumation and burial events consistent with all data. We integrate a thermal model of burial and exhumation, ( U-Th)/ He age modeling, and fission track age and length modeling. We then use a genetic algorithm to efficiently explore possible time- exhumation histories of a vertical sample profile ( such as a borehole), simultaneously solving for exhumation and burial rates as well as changes in background heat flow. We formally combine all data in a rigorous statistical fashion. By parameterizing the model in terms of exhumation rather than time- temperature paths ( as traditionally done in fission track modeling), we can ensure that exhumation histories result in a sedimentary basin whose thickness is consistent with the observed basin, a physically based constraint that eliminates otherwise acceptable thermal histories. We apply the technique to heat flow and thermochronometry data from the 2.1-km-deep San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth pilot hole near the San Andreas fault, California. We find that the site experienced < 1 km of exhumation or burial since the onset of San Andreas fault activity similar to 30 Ma. C1 Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 113, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP d'Alessio, MA (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan. EM dalessio@stanfordalumni.org NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 16 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B8 AR B08412 DI 10.1029/2006JB004725 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 202KK UT WOS:000248900300003 ER PT J AU Moore, DE Rymer, MJ AF Moore, Diane E. Rymer, Michael J. TI Talc-bearing serpentinite and the creeping section of the San Andreas fault SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID 2004 PARKFIELD; HEAT-FLOW; CALIFORNIA; STRESS; SYSTEM; SLIP; EARTHQUAKE; BEHAVIOR; STATE; ZONE AB The section of the San Andreas fault located between Cholame Valley and San Juan Bautista in central California creeps at a rate as high as 28 mm yr(-1) ( ref. 1), and it is also the segment that yields the best evidence for being a weak fault embedded in a strong crust(2-5). Serpentinized ultramafic rocks have been associated with creeping faults in central and northern California(6-8), and serpentinite is commonly invoked as the cause of the creep and the low strength of this section of the San Andreas fault. However, the frictional strengths of serpentine minerals are too high to satisfy the limitations on fault strength, and these minerals also have the potential for unstable slip under some conditions(9,10). Here we report the discovery of talc in cuttings of serpentinite collected from the probable active trace of the San Andreas fault that was intersected during drilling of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth ( SAFOD) main hole in 2005. We infer that the talc is forming as a result of the reaction of serpentine minerals with silica- saturated hydrothermal fluids that migrate up the fault zone, and the talc commonly occurs in sheared serpentinite. This discovery is significant, as the frictional strength of talc at elevated temperatures is sufficiently low to meet the constraints on the shear strength of the fault, and its inherently stable sliding behaviour is consistent with fault creep(11). Talc may therefore provide the connection between serpentinite and creep in the San Andreas fault, if shear at depth can become localized along a talc- rich principal- slip surface within serpentinite entrained in the fault zone. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Moore, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mail Stop 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dmoore@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 172 Z9 177 U1 5 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 16 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 7155 BP 795 EP 797 DI 10.1038/nature06064 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200HJ UT WOS:000248754200037 PM 17700697 ER PT J AU Nieves-Puigdoller, K Bjornsson, BT McCormick, SD AF Nieves-Puigdoller, Katherine Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur McCormick, Stephen D. TI Effects of hexazinone and atrazine on the physiology and endocrinology of smolt development in Atlantic salmon SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; hexazinone; atrazine; osmoregulation; smolt; hormone ID FRESH-WATER FISH; ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE TOXICITY; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT; SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATIONS; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TELEOST FISH AB Exposure to hexazinone (HEX) and atrazine (ATZ), highly mobile and widely used herbicides along rivers in the United States, is potentially harmful to Atlantic salmon, which have been listed as an endangered species. To determine the effects of these contaminants on smolt development, juvenile Atlantic salmon were exposed under flow-through conditions to 100 mu g l(-1) HEX, 10 and 100 mu g l(-1) ATZ in fresh water (FW) for 21 days at 10 degrees C beginning in mid-April. Twelve fish per treatment were sampled in FW, following a 24 h seawater (SW) challenge and after growth for 3 months in SW. Exposure to 100 mu g l(-1) HEX or 10 mu g l(-1) ATZ caused no mortalities of smolts in FW or after SW challenge, while 9% of the fish exposed to 100 mu g l(-1) ATZ died during exposure. Fish exposed to 100 mu g l(-1) ATZ reduced feeding after 10 days of exposure and had an impaired growth rate in FW and during the first month in SW; compensatory growth occurred in the second and third month in SW. HEX and ATZ at 10 mu g l(-1) exposure had no effect on plasma levels of cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor I (IGF-I), thyroxine (T-4) and plasma 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T-3) Cl-, Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+ in FW or after SW challenge. FW smolts exposed to 100 mu g l(-1) ATZ had decreased plasma Cl-, Mg2+, Na+ and Ca2+ ions and increased cortisol. No effect on plasma levels of GH, IGF-I, T-4 or T-3 was found in FW smolts exposed to 100 mu g l(-1) ATZ. Following SW challenge, fish previously exposed to 100 mu g l(-1) ATZ had significant increases in hematocrit, plasma cortisol, Cl-, Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+ and a decrease in T-4 and T-3. It is concluded that under the conditions imposed in this study, HEX does not affect salinity tolerance of Atlantic salmon smolts, while ATZ causes ionoregulatory, growth and endocrine disturbance. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr,Leetown Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Conservat & Organism & Evoluti, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Nieves-Puigdoller, K (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Box 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM knievesp@forwild.umass.edu RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 72 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 84 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.05.011 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 206ED UT WOS:000249165800004 PM 17610964 ER PT J AU Lipfert, G Sidle, WC Reeve, AS Ayuso, RA Boyce, AJ AF Lipfert, Gail Sidle, William C. Reeve, Andrew S. Ayuso, Robert A. Boyce, Adrian J. TI High arsenic concentrations and enriched sulfur and oxygen isotopes in a fractured-bedrock ground-water system SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenic; oxygen isotopes; sulfur isotopes; fractured bedrock; ground water; anaerobic oxidation ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; GOOSE RIVER-BASIN; BACTERIAL DISPROPORTIONATION; CRYSTALLINE BEDROCK; SULFIDE OXIDATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; MAINE; WATER AB Ground water with high arsenic concentrations (up to 26.6 mu mol L-1) has sulfate enriched in 34 S and O-18 in the fractured-bedrock, ground-water system of the Kelly's Cove watershed, Northport, Maine, USA. The ranges of sulfur and oxygen isotope values in aqueous sulfate, delta S-34([SO4]) and delta O-18([SO4],) at the Kelly's Cove watershed are +3.4 to +4.9 parts per thousand and -2.0 to +6.7 parts per thousand, respectively. These isotope values are strikingly similar to those of the Goose River, Maine watershed which has delta S-34([SO4]) and delta O-18([SO4]) ranges of +3.7 to +4.6 parts per thousand and -2.6 to +7.5 parts per thousand, respectively. In both systems, high arsenic concentrations occur with high delta S-34([SO4]) and delta O-18([SO4]) values, yet redox conditions and underlying rock types are quite different. The isotope values of sulfide minerals, delta S-34([min]), from four bedrock cores vary over short distances and range from -5.1 to +7.5 parts per thousand.. The delta O-18([SO4]) values are controlled by the delta S-34([min]) values with minor input of atmospheric SO4. The much narrower range in delta S-34([SO4]) values than delta S-34([min]) values is probably due to sufficient ground-water mixing at a scale greater than the delta S-34([min]) variability. The delta S-34([SO4]) values are about 2 parts per thousand higher than the average delta S-34([min]) value and fall within the range of delta O-18([SO4]) values, indicating only minor fractionation due to bacterial reduction of SO4. The highest delta O-18([SO4]), values were measured in the downgradient, confined, arsenic-rich ground water. High delta O-18([SO4]) values there cannot be due to aeration by atmospheric oxygen, but may arise from reoxidation of reduced SO4 products. The enrichment factors of delta O-18 in SO4 compared to H2O, +7.2 to + 15.5 parts per thousand, in the Kelly's Cove ground water and the negligible S-34 enrichment is very similar to those derived from experimental data of anaerobic sulfide oxidation in the presence of Mn and Fe oxides. Sea level at the Kelly's Cove watershed was approximately 80 in above present sea level about 13 000 years before present, imposing reducing conditions on that area of the watershed. Sea level dropped approximately 60 in below present sea level about I 1000 years before present, allowing for possible oxidation of sulfide minerals and precipitation of arsenic in ferric oxyhydroxides during aeration of the ground-water system. Under present redox conditions, there is evidence that bacteria reduction of ferric oxyhydroxides releases arsenic. The fractionation of O-18 in the SO4 during anaerobic oxidation of sulfide in the presence of Mn and Fe oxides and subsequent release of arsenic during Mn and Fe oxide reduction may explain the relationship between high arsenic concentrations and elevated O-18([SO4]) at Kelly's Cove. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, E Kilbride, Lanark, Scotland. RP Lipfert, G (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM gail.lipfert@umit.maine.edu RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010; Boyce, Adrian/D-2263-2010 OI Boyce, Adrian/0000-0002-9680-0787 NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 3-4 BP 385 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.003 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 203EN UT WOS:000248958000007 ER PT J AU Borrok, DM Wanty, RB Ridley, WI Wolf, R Lamothe, PJ Adams, M AF Borrok, D. M. Wanty, R. B. Ridley, W. I. Wolf, R. Lamothe, P. J. Adams, M. TI Separation of copper, iron, and zinc from complex aqueous solutions for isotopic measurement SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cu; Fe; Zn; anion-exchange; isotopes; acid mine drainage ID SOURCE-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FERRIC-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; HIGH-PRECISION CU; FE ISOTOPE; NONBIOLOGICAL FRACTIONATION; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; ZN; DISCRIMINATION; SYSTEM; RAMAN AB The measurement of Cu, Fe, and Zn isotopes in natural samples may provide valuable information about biogeochemical processes in the environment. However, the widespread application of stable Cu, Fe, and Zn isotope chemistry to natural water systems remains limited by our ability to efficiently separate these trace elements from the greater concentrations of matrix elements. In this study, we present a new method for the isolation of Cu, Fe, and Zn from complex aqueous solutions using a single anion-exchange column with hydrochloric acid media. Using this method we are able to quantitatively separate Cu, Fe, and Zn from each other and from matrix elements in a single column elution. Elution of the elements of interest, as well as all other elements, through the anion-exchange column is a function of the speciation of each element in the various concentrations of HCl. We highlight the column chemistry by comparing our observations with published studies that have investigated the speciation of Cu, Fe, and Zn in chloride solutions. The functionality of the column procedure was tested by measuring Cu, Fe, and Zn isotopes in a variety of stream water samples impacted by acid mine drainage. The accuracy and precision of Zn isotopic measurements was tested by doping Zn-free stream water with the Zn isotopic standard. The reproducibility of the entire column separation process and the overall precision of the isotopic measurements were also evaluated. The isotopic results demonstrate that the Cu, Fe, and Zn column separates from the tested stream waters are of sufficient purity to be analyzed directly using a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS), and that the measurements are fully-reproducible, accurate, and precise. Although limited in scope, these isotopic measurements reveal significant variations in 665CU (- 1.41 to +0.30%.), delta Fe-56 (-0.56 to +0.34 parts per thousand), and delta Zn-66 (0.31 to 0.49 parts per thousand) among samples collected from different abandoned mines within a single watershed. Hence, Cu, Fe, and Zn isotopic measurements may be a powerful tool for fingerprinting specific metal sources and/or examining biogeochernical reactions within fresh water systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Borrok, DM (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM dborrok@utep.edu NR 56 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 7 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 242 IS 3-4 BP 400 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.04.004 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 203EN UT WOS:000248958000008 ER PT J AU Manolopoulos, H Snyder, DC Schauer, JJ Hill, JS Turner, JR Olson, ML Krabbenhoft, DP AF Manolopoulos, Helen Snyder, David C. Schauer, James J. Hill, Jason S. Turner, Jay R. Olson, Mark L. Krabbenhoft, David P. TI Sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at a residential neighborhood impacted by industrial sources SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE GASEOUS MERCURY; AMBIENT AIR; PARTICULATE MERCURY; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; TRANSFORMATION; PRECIPITATION; COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; CHINA AB Speciated measurements of atmospheric mercury plumes were obtained at an industrially impacted residential area of East St. Louis, IL, These plumes were found to result in extremely high mercury concentrations at ground level that were composed of a wide distribution of mercury species. Ground level concentrations as high as 235 ng M-3 for elemental mercury (Hg-0) and 38 300 pg M-3 for reactive mercury species (reactive gaseous (RGM) plus particulate (PHg) mercury) were measured. The highest mercury concentrations observed during the study were associated with plumes that contained high concentrations of all mercury species (Hg-0, RGM, and PHg) and originated from a source located southwest of the sampling site. Variations in proportions of Hg-0/RGM/PHg among plumes, with Hg-0 dominating some plumes and RGM and/or PHg dominating others, were attributed to differences in emissions from different sources. Correlations between mercury plumes and elevated NO, were not observed; however, a correlation between elevated SO2 and mercury plumes was observed during some but not all plume events. Despite the presence of six coal-fired power plants within 60 km of the study site, wind direction data along with Hg/SO2 and Hg/NOx, ratios suggest that high-concentration mercury plumes impacting the St. Louis-Midwest Particle Matter Supersite are attributable to local point sources within 5 km of the site. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Schauer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jschauer@engr.wisc.edu RI Snyder, David/F-1766-2011 OI Snyder, David/0000-0002-9492-9800 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5626 EP 5633 DI 10.1021/es0700348 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202EY UT WOS:000248886000013 PM 17874765 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB AF Coplen, Tyler B. TI Calibration of the calcite-water oxygen-isotope geothermometer at Devils Hole, Nevada, a natural laboratory SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; LOW-TEMPERATURES; FRACTIONATION; ARAGONITE; RECORD; PRECIPITATION; EQUILIBRIUM; SPELEOTHEMS AB The delta O-18 of ground water (-13.54 +/- 0.05 parts per thousand) and inorganically precipitated Holocene vein calcite (+ 14.56 +/- 0.03 %) from Devils Hole cave #2 in southcentral Nevada yield an oxygen isotopic fractionation factor between calcite and water at 33.7 degrees C of 1.02849 +/- 0.00013 (10001n alpha(calcite-water) value at 28.09 +/- 0.13). Using the commonly accepted value of partial derivative(alpha(calcite-water))/partial derivative T of -0.00020 K-1, this corresponds to a 10001n alpha(calcit-water) value at 25 degrees C of 29.80, which differs substantially from the current accepted value of 28.3. Use of previously published oxygen isotopic fractionation factors would yield a calcite precipitation temperature in Devils Hole that is 8 degrees C lower than the measured ground water temperature. Alternatively, previously published fractionation factors would yield a delta O-18 of water, from which the calcite precipitated, that is too negative by 1.5 % using a temperature of 33.7 degrees C. Several lines of evidence indicate that the geochemical environment of Devils Hole has been remarkably constant for at least 10 ka. Accordingly, a re-evaluation of calcite-water oxygen isotopic fractionation factor may be in order. Assuming the Devils Hole oxygen isotopic value of calcite-water represents thermodynamic equilibrium, many marine carbonates are precipitated with a delta O-18 value that is too low, apparently due to a kinetic isotopic fractionation that preferentially enriches O-16 in the solid carbonate over O-18, feigning oxygen isotopic equilibrium. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 16 BP 3948 EP 3957 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.05.028 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 201VO UT WOS:000248860900002 ER PT J AU Lu, WJ Chou, IM Burruss, RC Song, YC AF Lu, Wanjun Chou, I-Ming Burruss, R. C. Song, Yucai TI A unified equation for calculating methane vapor pressures in the CH4-H2O system with measured Raman shifts SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FLUID INCLUSIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION; GAS-MIXTURES; STATE; PHASE; BAR AB A unified equation has been derived by using all available data for calculating methane vapor pressures with measured Raman shifts of C-H symmetric stretching band (upsilon(1)) in the vapor phase of sample fluids near room temperature. This equation eliminates discrepancies among the existing data sets and can be applied at any Raman laboratory. Raman shifts of C-H symmetric stretching band of methane in the vapor phase of CH4 H2O mixtures prepared in a high-pressure optical cell were also measured at temperatures between room temperature and 200 degrees C, and pressures up to 37 MPa. The results show that the CH4 upsilon(1) band position shifts to higher wavenumber as temperature increases. We also demonstrated that this Raman band shift is a simple function of methane vapor density, and, therefore, when combined with equation of state of methane, methane vapor pressures in the sample fluids at elevated temperatures can be calculated from measured Raman peak positions. This method can be applied to determine the pressure of CH4-bearing systems, such as methane-rich fluid inclusions from sedimentary basins or experimental fluids in hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell or other types of optical cell. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Guangzhou Inst Geochem, CAS Key Lab Marginal Sea Geol, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. RP Lu, WJ (reprint author), China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM luwanjuncug@126.com RI Lu, Wanjun/H-4962-2014 OI Lu, Wanjun/0000-0003-4334-5722 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 16 BP 3969 EP 3978 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.004 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 201VO UT WOS:000248860900004 ER PT J AU Nilsen, TO Ebbesson, LOE Madsen, SS McCormick, SD Andersson, E Bjornsson, BT Prunet, P Stefansson, SO AF Nilsen, Tom O. Ebbesson, Lars O. E. Madsen, Steffen S. McCormick, Stephen D. Andersson, Eva Bjornsson, Bjorn Th. Prunet, Patrick Stefansson, Sigurd O. TI Differential expression of gill Na+,K+-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunits, Na+,K+,2Cl(-) cotransporter and CFTR anion channel in juvenile anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE smoltification; osmoregulation; ion regulation; cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; Salmonid; development ID NA+-K+-ATPASE; TELEOST OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; EEL ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; SALINITY TOLERANCE AB This study examines changes in gill Na+, K+-ATPase ( NKA) alpha- and beta-subunit isoforms, Na+, K+, 2Cl(-) cotransporter ( NKCC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR I and II) in anadromous and landlocked strains of Atlantic salmon during parr-smolt transformation, and after seawater ( SW) transfer in May/June. Gill NKA activity increased from February through April, May and June among both strains in freshwater ( FW), with peak enzyme activity in the landlocked salmon being 50% below that of the anadromous fish in May and June. Gill NKA-alpha 1b, -alpha 3, -beta 1 and NKCC mRNA levels in anadromous salmon increased transiently, reaching peak levels in smolts in April/May, whereas no similar smolt-related upregulation of these transcripts occurred in juvenile landlocked salmon. Gill NKA-alpha 1a mRNA decreased significantly in anadromous salmon from February through June, whereas alpha 1a levels in landlocked salmon, after an initial decrease in April, remained significantly higher than those of the anadromous smolts in May and June. Following SW transfer, gill NKA-alpha 1b and NKCC mRNA increased in both strains, whereas NKA-alpha 1a decreased. Both strains exhibited a transient increase in gill NKA alpha-protein abundance, with peak levels in May. Gill alpha-protein abundance was lower in SW than corresponding FW values in June. Gill NKCC protein abundance increased transiently in anadromous fish, with peak levels in May, whereas a slight increase was observed in landlocked salmon in May, increasing to peak levels in June. Gill CFTR I mRNA levels increased significantly from February to April in both strains, followed by a slight, though not significant increase in May and June. CFTR I mRNA levels were significantly lower in landlocked than anadromous salmon in April/June. Gill CFTR II mRNA levels did not change significantly in either strain. Our findings demonstrates that differential expression of gill NKA-alpha 1a, -alpha 1b and -alpha 3 isoforms may be important for potential functional differences in NKA, both during preparatory development and during salinity adjustments in salmon. Furthermore, landlocked salmon have lost some of the unique preparatory upregulation of gill NKA, NKCC and, to some extent, CFTR anion channel associated with the development of hypo-osmoregulatory ability in anadromous salmon. C1 Univ Bergen, Ctr High Technol, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Nordnes, Norway. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Zool, Dept Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. INRA, SCRIBE, Fish Adaptat & Stress Grp, Dev & Ecophysiol, Rennes, France. RP Nilsen, TO (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Ctr High Technol, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. EM Tom.Nilsen@bio.uib.no RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008; Scribe, Lab/B-3676-2009; Ebbesson, Lars/F-9385-2011; Andersson, Eva/C-1824-2012; OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756; Andersson, Eva/0000-0002-7864-1014; Madsen, Steffen Sondergaard/0000-0002-5785-7094 NR 63 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 48 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 16 BP 2885 EP 2896 DI 10.1242/jeb.002873 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 211IJ UT WOS:000249517200019 PM 17690237 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Gelfenbaum, G Jaffe, BE AF Morton, Robert A. Gelfenbaum, Guy Jaffe, Bruce E. TI Physical criteria for distinguishing sandy tsunami and storm deposits using modem examples SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal inundation; overwash; storm deposit; tsunami deposit; sediment transport; hydrodynamics ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; 1993 SOUTHWEST HOKKAIDO; NANSEI-OKI TSUNAMI; SEDIMENTARY DIFFERENCES; NORTHERN JAPAN; BARRIER-ISLAND; NEW-ZEALAND; WASHOVER; RECORD; COAST AB Modern subaerial sand beds deposited by major tsunamis and hurricanes were compared at trench, transect, and sub-regional spatial scales to evaluate which attributes are most useful for distinguishing the two types of deposits. Physical criteria that may be diagnostic include: sediment composition, textures and grading, types and organization of stratification, thickness, geometry, and landscape conformity. Published reports of Pacific Ocean tsunami impacts and our field observations suggest that sandy tsunami deposits are generally < 25 cm thick, extend hundreds of meters inland from the beach, and fill microtopography but generally conform to the antecedent landscape. They commonly are a single homogeneous bed that is normally graded overall, or that consists of only a few thin layers. Mud intraclasts and mud laminae within the deposit are strong evidence of tsunami deposition. Twig orientation or other indicators of return flow during bed aggradation are also diagnostic of tsunami deposits. Sandy storm deposits tend to be > 30 cm thick, generally extend < 300 in from the beach, and will not advance beyond the antecedent macrotopography they are able to fill. They typically are composed of numerous subhorizontal planar laminae organized into multiple laminasets that are normally or inversely graded, they do not contain internal mud laminae and rarely contain mud intraclasts. Application of these distinguishing characteristics depends on their preservation potential and any deposit modifications that accompany burial. The distinctions between tsunami and storm deposits are related to differences in the hydrodynamics and sediment-sorting processes during transport. Tsunami deposition results from a few high-velocity, long-period waves that entrain sediment from the shoreface, beach, and landward erosion zone. Tsunamis can have flow depths greater than 10 in, transport sediment primarily in suspension, and distribute the load over a broad region where sediment falls out of suspension when flow decelerates. In contrast, storm inundation generally is gradual and prolonged, consisting of many waves that erode beaches and dunes with no significant overland return flow until after the main flooding. Storm flow depths are commonly < 3 in, sediment is transported primarily as bed load by traction, and the load is deposited within a zone relatively close to the beach. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rmorton@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 66 TC 270 Z9 277 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 200 IS 3-4 BP 184 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.003 PG 24 WC Geology SC Geology GA 206LJ UT WOS:000249184600004 ER PT J AU Jaffe, BE Gelfenbuam, G AF Jaffe, Bruce E. Gelfenbuam, Guy TI A simple model for calculating tsunami flow speed from tsunami deposits SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tsunami; tsunami deposit; sediment transport; model; hydrodynamics; Papua New Guinea ID 1993 SOUTHWEST HOKKAIDO; SEDIMENTARY DIFFERENCES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; NORTHERN JAPAN; NEW-ZEALAND; EARTHQUAKES; INDONESIA; BOUNDARY; RECORD AB This paper presents a simple model for tsunami sedimentation that can be applied to calculate tsunami flow speed from the thickness and grain size of a tsunami deposit (the inverse problem). For sandy tsunami deposits where grain size and thickness vary gradually in the direction of transport, tsunami sediment transport is modeled as a steady, spatially uniform process. The amount of sediment in suspension is assumed to be in equilibrium with the steady portion of the long period, slowing varying uprush portion of the tsunami. Spatial flow deceleration is assumed to be small and not to contribute significantly to the tsunami deposit. Tsunami deposits are formed from sediment settling from the water column when flow speeds on land go to zero everywhere at the time of maximum tsunami inundation. There is little erosion of the deposit by return flow because it is a slow flow and is concentrated in topographic lows. Variations in grain size of the deposit are found to have more effect on calculated tsunami flow speed than deposit thickness. The model is tested using field data collected at Arop, Papua New Guinea soon after the 1998 tsunami. Speed estimates of 14 m/s at 200 m inland from the shoreline compare favorably with those from a I-D inundation model and from application of Bernoulli's principle to water levels on buildings left standing after the tsunami. As evidence that the model is applicable to some sandy tsunami deposits, the model reproduces the observed normal grading and vertical variation in sorting and skewness of a deposit formed by the 1998 tsunami. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jaffe, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM bjaffe@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 47 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 200 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.013 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA 206LJ UT WOS:000249184600015 ER PT J AU Peters, R Jaffe, B Gelfenbaum, G AF Peters, Robert Jaffe, Bruce Gelfenbaum, Guy TI Distribution and sedimentary characteristics of tsunami deposits along the Cascadia margin of western North America SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tsunami deposits; cascadia tsunami; cascadia earthquake; sedimentary structures; grain size ID LATE-HOLOCENE TSUNAMIS; EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SUBSIDENCE; SOUTHERN COASTAL WASHINGTON; TIDAL MARSH STRATIGRAPHY; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; PAST 2000 YEARS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SUBDUCTION-ZONE; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; GREAT EARTHQUAKES AB Tsunami deposits have been found at more than 60 sites along the Cascadia margin of Western North America, and here we review and synthesize their distribution and sedimentary characteristics based on the published record. Cascadia tsunami deposits are best preserved, and most easily identified, in low-energy coastal environments such as tidal marshes, back-barrier marshes and coastal lakes where they occur as anomalous layers of sand within peat and mud. They extend up to a kilometer inland in open coastal settings and several kilometers up river valleys. They are distinguished from other sediments by a combination of sedimentary character and stratigraphic context. Recurrence intervals range from 300-1000 years with an average of 500-600 years. The tsunami deposits have been used to help evaluate and mitigate tsunami hazards in Cascadia. They show that the Cascadia subduction zone is prone to great earthquakes that generate large tsunamis. The inclusion of tsunami deposits on inundation maps, used in conjunction with results from inundation models, allows a more accurate assessment of areas subject to tsunami inundation. The application of sediment transport models can help estimate tsunami flow velocity and wave height, parameters which are necessary to help establish evacuation routes and plan development in tsunami prone areas. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Peters, R (reprint author), USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM rpeters_geol@skyhighway.com RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 94 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 200 IS 3-4 BP 372 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.015 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA 206LJ UT WOS:000249184600017 ER PT J AU Williams, JD Neely, DA Walsh, SJ Burkhead, NM AF Williams, James D. Neely, David A. Walsh, Stephen J. Burkhead, Noel M. TI Three new percid fishes (Percidae : Percina) from the Mobile Basin drainage of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Percidae; Percina; Percina kusha; Percina sipsi; Percina smithvanizi; darter; new species; taxonomy; conservation; Alabama; Georgia; Tennessee; Mobile Basin ID BARCHEEK DARTERS PERCIDAE; CYTOCHROME-B; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; DNA-SEQUENCE; ETHEOSTOMATINAE; CONSERVATION; CATONOTUS; EVOLUTION AB Three new species of Percina are described from upland drainages of the Mobile Basin. Two of the three species are narrowly distributed: P. kusha, the Bridled Darter, is currently known only from the Conasauga River drainage in Georgia and Tennessee and Etowah River drainage in Georgia, both tributaries of the Coosa River, and P. sipsi, the Bankhead Darter, which is restricted to tributaries of Sipsey Fork of the Black Warrior River in northwestern Alabama. The third species, P. smithvanizi, the Muscadine Darter, occurs above the Fall Line in the Tallapoosa River drainage in eastern Alabama and western Georgia. In a molecular analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, P. kusha and P. smithvanizi were recovered as sister species, while Percina sipsi was recovered in a clade consisting of P. aurolineata ( P. sciera + P. sipsi). Two of the three species, P. kusha and P. sipsi, are considered to be imperiled species and are in need of conservation actions to prevent their extinction. Description of these three darters increases the number of described species of Percina to 44. Sixteen are known to occur in the Mobile Basin, including nine that are endemic. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Williams, JD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM fishwilliams@gmail.com; dave.neely@gmail.com; swalsh@usgs.gov; nburkhead@usgs.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 15 PY 2007 IS 1549 BP 1 EP 28 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 200CN UT WOS:000248741600001 ER PT J AU Coco, G Murray, AB Green, MO Thieler, ER Hume, TM AF Coco, Giovanni Murray, A. Brad Green, Malcolm O. Thieler, E. Robert Hume, T. M. TI Sorted bed forms as self-organized patterns: 2. Complex forcing scenarios SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID RIPPLED SCOUR DEPRESSIONS; INNER-CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WRIGHTSVILLE BEACH; NORTH-CAROLINA; MONTEREY-BAY; SHOREFACE; SEA; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; BEDFORMS AB employ a numerical model to study the development of sorted bed forms under a variety of hydrodynamic and sedimentary conditions. Results indicate that increased variability in wave height decreases the growth rate of the features and can potentially give rise to complicated, a priori unpredictable, behavior. This happens because the system responds to a change in wave characteristics by attempting to self-organize into a patterned seabed of different geometry and spacing. The new wavelength might not have enough time to emerge before a new change in wave characteristics occurs, leading to less regular seabed configurations. The new seabed configuration is also highly dependent on the preexisting morphology, which further limits the possibility of predicting future behavior. For the same reasons, variability in the mean current magnitude and direction slows down the growth of features and causes patterns to develop that differ from classical sorted bed forms. Spatial variability in grain size distribution and different types of net sediment aggradation/degradation can also result in the development of sorted bed forms characterized by a less regular shape. Numerical simulations qualitatively agree with observed geometry ( spacing and height) of sorted bed forms. Also in agreement with observations is that at shallower depths, sorted bed forms are more likely to be affected by changes in the forcing conditions, which might also explain why, in shallow waters, sorted bed forms are described as ephemeral features. Finally, simulations indicate that the different sorted bed form shapes and patterns observed in the field might not necessarily be related to diverse physical mechanisms. Instead, variations in sorted bed form characteristics may result from variations in local hydrodynamic and/ or sedimentary conditions. C1 Natl Inst Water & Atmosphere Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Coco, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmosphere Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM g.coco@niwa.co.nz; abmurray@duke.edu; m.green@niwa.co.nz; rthieler@usgs.gov; t.hume@niwa.co.nz OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717; Coco, Giovanni/0000-0001-7435-1602 NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD AUG 14 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F3 AR F03016 DI 10.1029/2006JF000666 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 202JV UT WOS:000248898700002 ER PT J AU Fitzenz, DD Jalobeanu, A Hickman, SH AF Fitzenz, Delphine D. Jalobeanu, Andre Hickman, Stephen H. TI Integrating laboratory creep compaction data with numerical fault models: A Bayesian framework SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS-FAULT; QUARTZ SAND; PRESSURE SOLUTION; SLIP INSTABILITY; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; EARTHQUAKES; FRICTION; FLOW AB [1] We developed a robust Bayesian inversion scheme to plan and analyze laboratory creep compaction experiments. We chose a simple creep law that features the main parameters of interest when trying to identify rate-controlling mechanisms from experimental data. By integrating the chosen creep law or an approximation thereof, one can use all the data, either simultaneously or in overlapping subsets, thus making more complete use of the experiment data and propagating statistical variations in the data through to the final rate constants. Despite the nonlinearity of the problem, with this technique one can retrieve accurate estimates of both the stress exponent and the activation energy, even when the porosity time series data are noisy. Whereas adding observation points and/or experiments reduces the uncertainty on all parameters, enlarging the range of temperature or effective stress significantly reduces the covariance between stress exponent and activation energy. We apply this methodology to hydrothermal creep compaction data on quartz to obtain a quantitative, semiempirical law for fault zone compaction in the interseismic period. Incorporating this law into a simple direct rupture model, we find marginal distributions of the time to failure that are robust with respect to errors in the initial fault zone porosity. C1 Ecole Observat Sci Terre, Inst Phys Globe, Strasbourg, France. Lab Sci Images, Informat Teledetect, Strasbourg, France. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fitzenz, DD (reprint author), Ecole Observat Sci Terre, Inst Phys Globe, Strasbourg, France. EM delphine.fitzenz@eost.u-strasbg.fr; jalobeanu@lsiit.u-strasbg.fr; hickman@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 14 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B8 AR B08410 DI 10.1029/2006JB004792 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 202KH UT WOS:000248900000002 ER PT J AU Kirshtein, JD Anderson, CW Wood, JS Longcore, JE Voytek, MA AF Kirshtein, Julie D. Anderson, Chauncey W. Wood, John S. Longcore, Joyce E. Voytek, Mary A. TI Quantitative PCR detection of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis DNA from sediments and water SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE amphibian; chytridiomycosis; detection; disease; filter; PCR; primers; water ID POPULATION DECLINES; ASSAY; AMPHIBIANS AB The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) causes chytridiomycosis, a disease implicated in amphibian declines on 5 continents. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets exist with which amphibians can be tested for this disease, and advances in sampling techniques allow non-invasive testing of animals. We developed filtering and PCR based quantitative methods by modifying existing PCR assays to detect Bd DNA in water and sediments, without the need for testing amphibians; we tested the methods at 4 field sites. The SYBR based assay using Boyle primers (SYBR/Boyle assay) and the Taqman based assay using Wood primers performed similarly with samples generated in the laboratory (Bd spiked filters), but the SYBR/Boyle assay detected Bd DNA in more field samples. We detected Bd DNA in water from 3 of 4 sites tested, including one pond historically negative for chytridiomycosis. Zoospore equivalents in sampled water ranged from 19 to 454 1(-1) (nominal detection limit is 10 DNA copies, or about 0.06 zoospore). We did not detect DNA of Bd from sediments collected at any sites. Our filtering and amplification methods provide a new tool to investigate critical aspects of Bd in the environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Oregon Water Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Pisces Mol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Anderson, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 430, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM chauncey@usgs.gov NR 10 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 13 PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.3354/dao01831 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 210UY UT WOS:000249482300002 PM 17933393 ER PT J AU Kelley, GO Bendorf, CM Yun, SC Kurath, G Hedrick, RP AF Kelley, Garry O. Bendorf, Christin M. Yun, Susan C. Kurath, Gael Hedrick, Ronald P. TI Genotypes and phylogeographical relationships of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in California, USA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; IHNV; rhabdovirus; Chinook salmon ID RAINBOW-TROUT; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; SOCKEYE SALMON; GLYCOPROTEIN; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SUBSTITUTIONS AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) contains 3 major genogroups in North America with discreet geographic ranges designated as upper (U), middle (M), and lower (L). A comprehensive genotyping of 237 IHNV isolates from hatchery and wild salmonids in California revealed 25 different sequence types (a to y) all in the L genogroup; specifically, the genogroup contained 14 sequence types that were unique to individual isolates as well as 11 sequence types representing 2 or more identical isolates. The most evident trend was the phylogenetic and geographical division of the L genogroup into 2 distinct subgroups designated as LI and LII. Isolates within Subgroup LI were primarily found within waterways linked to southern Oregon and northern California coastal rivers. Isolates in Subgroup LII were concentrated within inland valley watersheds that included the Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, and their tributaries. The temporal and spatial patterns of virus occurrence suggested that infections among adult Chinook salmon in the hatchery or that spawn in the river are a major source of virus potentially infecting other migrating or resident salmonids in California. Serum neutralization results of the California isolates of IHNV corroborated a temporal trend of sequence divergence; specifically, 2 progressive shifts in which more recent virus isolates represent new serotypes. A comparison of the estimates of divergence rates for Subgroup LI (1 x 10(-5) mutations per nucleotide site per year) indicated stasis similar to that observed in the U genogroup, while the Subgroup LII rate (1 x 10(-3) mutations per nucleotide site per year) suggested a more active evolution similar to that of the M genogroup. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hedrick, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rphedrick@ucdavis.edu NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 13 PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.3354/dao01811 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 210UY UT WOS:000249482300004 PM 17933395 ER PT J AU Ewing, SA Michalski, G Thiemens, M Quinn, RC Macalady, JL Kohl, S Wankel, SD Kendall, C Mckay, CP Amundson, R AF Ewing, Stephanie A. Michalski, Greg Thiemens, Mark Quinn, Richard C. Macalady, Jennifer L. Kohl, Steven Wankel, Scott D. Kendall, Carol Mckay, Christopher P. Amundson, Ronald TI Rainfall limit of the N cycle on Earth SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; ATACAMA DESERT; GLOBAL PATTERNS; MICROBIAL LIFE; ALKYL NITRATES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FRESH-WATER; SOIL; CHILE AB In most climates on Earth, biological processes control soil N. In the Atacama Desert of Chile, aridity severely limits biology, and soils accumulate atmospheric NO3-. We examined this apparent transformation of the soil N cycle using a series of ancient Atacama Desert soils (> 2 My) that vary in rainfall (21 to < 2 mm yr(-1)). With decreasing rainfall, soil organic C decreases to 0.3 kg C m(-2) and biological activity becomes minimal, while soil NO3- and organic N increase to 4 kg N m(-2) and 1.4 kg N m(-2), respectively. Atmospheric NO3- (Delta O-17 = 23.0 parts per thousand) increases from 39% to 80% of total soil NO3- as rainfall decreases. These soils capture the transition from a steady state, biologically mediated soil N cycle to a dominantly abiotic, transient state of slowly accumulating atmospheric N. This transition suggests that oxidized soil N may be present in an even more arid and abiotic environment: Mars. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, Penn State Astrobiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Ewing, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 4767, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saewing@nature.berkeley.edu; gmichals@purdue.edu; mthiemens@ucsd.edu; rquinn@mail.arc.nasa.gov; jmacalad@geosc.psu.edu; steve.kohl@dri.edu; swankel@oeb.harvard.edu; ckendall@usgs.gov; cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov; earthy@nature.berkeley.edu RI Amundson, Ronald /E-2654-2015 NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 AR GB3009 DI 10.1029/2006GB002838 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201ZX UT WOS:000248872300002 ER PT J AU Willard, DA Bernhardt, CE Brooks, GR Cronin, TM Edgar, T Larson, R AF Willard, Debra A. Bernhardt, Christopher E. Brooks, Gregg R. Cronin, Thomas M. Edgar, Terence Larson, Rebekka TI Deglacial climate variability in central florida, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tampa bay; paleoecology; pollen; ostracodes; younger dryas; last glacial maximum ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; HEINRICH EVENTS; POLLEN DATA; RECORD; ICE; VEGETATION; GREENLAND AB Pollen and ostracode evidence from lacustrine sediments underlying modem Tampa Bay, Florida, document frequent and abrupt climatic and hydrological events superimposed on deglacial warming in the subtropics. Radiocarbon chronology on well-preserved mollusk shells and pollen residue from core NM02-2579 documents continuous sedimentation in a variety of non-marine habitats in a karst-controlled basin from 20 ka to 11.5 ka. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), much drier and cooler-than-modem conditions are indicated by pollen assemblages enriched in Chenopodiaceae and Carya, with rare Pinus (< 10%). Pinus pollen increased to 20-40% during the warming of the initial deglaciation (similar to 17.2 ka), reaching near modem abundance (60-80%) during warmer, moister climates of the Bolling/Allerod interval (14.7-12.9 ka). Within the Bolling/Allerod, centennial-scale dry events corresponding to the Older Dryas and Intra-Allerod Cold Period indicate rapid vegetation response (< 50 years) to climate variability. The Younger Dryas (12.9-11.6 ka) was characterized by two distinct phases: slightly drier than the peak Bolling/Allerod between 12.9 and 12.3 ka and much drier from 12.3 to 11.5 ka. The Tampa Bay record of deglacial atmospheric temperature and moisture can be correlated with other paleoclimate records in the North Atlantic region and has implications for climate-forcing by ice-sheet fluctuation, thermohaline circulation, and atmospheric circulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Willard, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. EM dwillard@usgs.gov; ebemhardt@usgs.gov; brooksgr@eckerd.edu; tcronin@usgs.gov; tedgar@usgs.gov; larsonra@eckerd.edu NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 251 IS 3-4 BP 366 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.016 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 201VG UT WOS:000248860100003 ER PT J AU Alt, JC Shanks, WC Bach, W Paulick, H Garrido, CJ Beaudoin, G AF Alt, Jeffrey C. Shanks, Wayne C., III Bach, Wolfgang Paulick, Holger Garrido, Carlos J. Beaudoin, Georges TI Hydrothermal alteration and microbial sulfate reduction in peridotite and gabbro exposed by detachment faulting at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 15 degrees 20 ' N (ODP Leg 209): A sulfur and oxygen isotope study SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; biosphere; mid-ocean ridges; hydrothermal systems; geochemistry; 1041 Geochemistry : Stable isotope geochemistry (0454; 4870); 1034 Geochemistry : Hydrothermal systems(0450,3017,3616,4832,8135,8424); 1032 Geochemistry : Mid-oceanic ridge processes (3614,8416) ID ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; ABYSSAL PERIDOTITES; LOST CITY; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; HIGH-PRECISION; OCEANIC-CRUST; FRACTURE-ZONE; VENT FLUIDS; SERPENTINIZATION; SYSTEMS AB [1] Whole rock sulfur and oxygen isotope compositions of altered peridotites and gabbros from near the 15 degrees 200'N Fracture Zone on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were analyzed to investigate hydrothermal alteration processes and test for a subsurface biosphere in oceanic basement. Three processes are identified. (1) High-temperature hydrothermal alteration (similar to 250-350 degrees C) at Sites 1268 and 1271 is characterized by (18)O depletion (2.6-4.4 parts per thousand), elevated sulfide-S, and high delta(34)S (up to similar to 2 wt% and 4.4-10.8 parts per thousand). Fluids were derived from high-temperature (> 350 degrees C) reaction of seawater with gabbro at depth. These cores contain gabbroic rocks, suggesting that associated heat may influence serpentinization. (2) Low-temperature (< 150 degrees C) serpentinization at Sites 1272 and 1274 is characterized by elevated delta(18)O (up to 8.1 parts per thousand), high sulfide-S (up to similar to 3000 ppm), and negative delta(34)S (to -32.1 parts per thousand) that reflect microbial reduction of seawater sulfate. These holes penetrate faults at depth, suggesting links between faulting and temperatures of serpentinization. (3) Late low-temperature oxidation of sulfide minerals caused loss of sulfur from rocks close to the seafloor. Sulfate at all sites contains a component of oxidized sulfide minerals. Low delta(34)S of sulfate may result from kinetic isotope fractionation during oxidation or may indicate readily oxidized low-delta(34)S sulfide derived from microbial sulfate reduction. Results show that peridotite alteration may be commonly affected by fluids +/- heat derived from mafic intrusions and that microbial sulfate reduction is widespread in mantle exposed at the seafloor. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Bremen, Fachbereich Geowissensch 5, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Mineral Petrol Inst, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Mineral & Petrol, E-18002 Granada, Spain. Univ Laval, Dept Geol & Genie Geol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Alt, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 2534 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jalt@umich.edu; pshanks@usgs.gov; wbach@uni-bremen.de; beaudoin@ggl.ulaval.ca RI Beaudoin, Georges/B-7108-2009; Garrido, Carlos J./A-6249-2008; Bach, Wolfgang/D-3713-2017 OI Garrido, Carlos J./0000-0003-4357-3637; Bach, Wolfgang/0000-0002-3099-7142 NR 59 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 4 PY 2007 VL 8 AR Q08002 DI 10.1029/2007GC001617 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 198AD UT WOS:000248598500001 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, JL Vidale, JE Gomberg, J Bodin, P Creager, KC Malone, SD AF Rubinstein, Justin L. Vidale, John E. Gomberg, Joan Bodin, Paul Creager, Kenneth C. Malone, Stephen D. TI Non-volcanic tremor driven by large transient shear stresses SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; LOW-FREQUENCY TREMORS; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; NORTHERN CASCADIA; EPISODIC TREMOR; EARTHQUAKES; SLIP; DENALI AB Non-impulsive seismic radiation or 'tremor' has long been observed at volcanoes(1) and more recently around subduction zones(2). Although the number of observations of non-volcanic tremor is steadily increasing, the causative mechanism remains unclear. Some have attributed non-volcanic tremor to the movement of fluids(2-6), while its coincidence with geodetically observed slow-slip events at regular intervals(7,8) has led others to consider slip on the plate interface as its cause(7-14). Low-frequency earthquakes in Japan, which are believed to make up at least part of non-volcanic tremor(9), have focal mechanisms(10) and locations(11) that are consistent with tremor being generated by shear slip on the subduction interface. In Cascadia, however, tremor locations appear to be more distributed in depth than in Japan(3,4), making them harder to reconcile with a plate interface shear-slip model. Here we identify bursts of tremor that radiated from the Cascadia subduction zone near Vancouver Island, Canada, during the strongest shaking from the moment magnitude M-w=7.8, 2002 Denali, Alaska, earthquake. Tremor occurs when the Love wave displacements are to the southwest (the direction of plate convergence of the overriding plate), implying that the Love waves trigger the tremor. We show that these displacements correspond to shear stresses of approximately 40 kPa on the plate interface, which suggests that the effective stress on the plate interface is very low. These observations indicate that tremor and possibly slow slip can be instantaneously induced by shear stress increases on the subduction interface-effectively a frictional failure response to the driving stress. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rubinstein, JL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM justin@ess.washington.edu RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011; OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X; Rubinstein, Justin/0000-0003-1274-6785 NR 26 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 2 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 7153 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.1038/nature06017 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 195XV UT WOS:000248446700040 PM 17671500 ER PT J AU Dickinson, JE James, SC Mehl, S Hill, MC Leake, SA Zyvoloski, GA Faunt, CC Eddebbarh, AA AF Dickinson, Jesse E. James, Scott C. Mehl, Steffen Hill, Mary C. Leake, S. A. Zyvoloski, George A. Faunt, Claudia C. Eddebbarh, Al-Aziz TI A new ghost-node method for linking different models and initial investigations of heterogeneity and nonmatching grids SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE local grid refinement; groundwater models; finite-difference; finite-element; interpolation; MODFLOW; FEHM ID WATER FLOW MODELS; SHARED NODES; REFINEMENT; ERRORS AB A flexible, robust method for linking parent (regional-scale) and child (local-scale) grids of locally refined models that use different numerical methods is developed based on a new, iterative ghost-node method. Tests are presented for two-dimensional and three-dimensional pumped systems that are homogeneous or that have simple heterogeneity. The parent and child grids are simulated using the block-centered finite-difference MODFLOW and control-volume finite-element FEHM models, respectively. The models are solved iteratively through head-dependent (child model) and specified-flow (parent model) boundary conditions. Boundary conditions for models with nonmatching grids or zones of different hydraulic conductivity are derived and tested against heads and flows from analytical or globally-refined models. Results indicate that for homogeneous two- and three-dimensional models with matched grids (integer number of child cells per parent cell), the new method is nearly as accurate as the coupling of two MODFLOW models using the shared-node method and, surprisingly, errors are slightly lower for nonmatching grids (noninteger number of child cells per parent cell). For heterogeneous three-dimensional systems, this paper compares two methods for each of the two sets of boundary conditions: external heads at head-dependent boundary conditions for the child model are calculated using bilinear interpolation or a Darcy-weighted interpolation; specified-flow boundary conditions for the parent model are calculated using model-grid or hydrogeologic-unit hydraulic conductivities. Results suggest that significantly more accurate heads and flows are produced when both Darcy-weighted interpolation and hydrogeologic-unit hydraulic conductivities are used, while the other methods produce larger errors at the boundary between the regional and local models. The tests suggest that, if posed correctly, the ghost-node method performs well. Additional testing is needed for highly heterogeneous systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dickinson, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Suite 221, Tucson, AZ USA. EM jdickins@usgs.gov RI Dickinson, Jesse/I-7177-2016; OI Dickinson, Jesse/0000-0002-0048-0839; James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1722 EP 1736 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.01.004 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 185LY UT WOS:000247713700002 ER PT J AU Zhang, GX Dong, HL Kim, JW Eberl, DD AF Zhang, Gengxin Dong, Hailiang Kim, Jinwook Eberl, D. D. TI Microbial reduction of structural Fe3+ in nontronite by a thermophilic bacterium and its role in promoting the smectite to illite reaction SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE dissolution; illite; microbial Fe3+ reduction; nontronite; precipitation; sedimentary basin; smectite; Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SP-NOV; FE(III) REDUCTION; IRON REDUCTION; CLAY-MINERALS; GEN-NOV; HIGH-PH; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; PHOTOCHEMICAL METHOD; REDUCING BACTERIUM AB The illitization process of Fe-rich smectite (nontronite NAu-2) promoted by microbial reduction Of structural Fe3+ was investigated by using a thermophilic metal-reducing bacterium, Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, isolated from the deep subsurface. T ethanolicus was incubated with lactate as the sole electron donor and structural Fe3+ in nontronite as the sole electron acceptor, and anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonate (AQDS) as an electron shuttle in a growth medium (pH 6.2 and 9.2, 65 degrees C) with or without an external supply of Al and K sources. With an external supply of At and K, the extent of reduction of Fe3+ in NAu-2 was 43.7 and 40.4% at pH 6.2 and 9.2, respectively. X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed formation of discrete illite at pH 9.2 with external Al and K sources, while mixed layers of illite/smectite or highly charged smectite were detected under other conditions. The morphology of biogenic illite evolved from lath and flake to pseudo-hexagonal shape. An external supply of Al and K under alkaline conditions enhances the smectite-illite reaction during microbial Fe3+ reduction of smectite. Biogenic SiO2 was observed as a result of bioreduction under all conditions. The microbially promoted smectite-illite reaction proceeds via dissolution of smectite and precipitation of illite. Thermophilic iron reducing bacteria have a significant role in promoting the smectite to illite reaction under conditions common in sedimentary basins. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Zhang, GX (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM dongh@muohio.edu NR 77 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 18 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 92 IS 8-9 BP 1411 EP 1419 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2498 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 200XB UT WOS:000248795000017 ER PT J AU Schwabl, H Palacios, MG Martin, TE AF Schwabl, Hubert Palacios, Maria G. Martin, Thomas E. TI Selection for rapid embryo development correlates with embryo exposure to maternal androgens among passerine birds SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE yolk steroids; allometry; development; nest predation; maternal effect; epigenetic ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; YOLK TESTOSTERONE; NEST PREDATION; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; IMMUNE FUNCTION; IN-VITRO; EGGS; HORMONES; CORTICOSTERONE; SURVIVAL AB Greater offspring predation favors evolution of faster development among species. We hypothesized that greater offspring predation exerts selection on mothers to increase levels of anabolic androgens in egg yolks to achieve faster development. Here, we tested whether (1) concentrations of yolk androgens in passerine species were associated with offspring predation and (2) embryo and nestling development rates were associated with yolk androgen concentrations. We examined three androgens that increase in potency along the synthesis pathway: androstenedione (A(4)) to testosterone (T) to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT). Concentrations of none of these steroids were related to clutch size; only A, was allometrically related to egg volume. Species that experience greater predation showed higher yolk concentrations of T and 5 alpha-DHT. Higher concentrations of T and particularly 5 alpha-DHT were strongly correlated with faster development during the embryo period and less so during the nestling period. Development rates were most strongly correlated with 5 alpha-DHT, suggesting that potency increases along the androgen synthesis pathway and that effects are mediated by the androgen receptor pathway. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that selection for faster development by time-dependent offspring mortality may be achieved epigenetically by varying embryo exposure to maternal anabolic steroids. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Schwabl, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM huschwabl@wsu.edu; mgp@iastate.edu; tom.martin@umontana.edu RI Palacios, Maria/I-6140-2012; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 4987] NR 62 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 170 IS 2 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1086/519397 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 197FT UT WOS:000248540700004 PM 17874371 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Grace, JB AF Harrison, Susan Grace, James B. TI Biogeographic affinity helps explain productivity-richness relationships at regional and local scales SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE species diversity; species richness; productivity; niche conservatism; regional and local richness; serpentine; plants ID CALIFORNIAN SERPENTINE FLORA; SPECIES RICHNESS; NICHE CONSERVATISM; DIVERSITY GRADIENT; FLOWERING PLANTS; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; BIODIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; INVASION AB The unresolved question of what causes the observed positive relationship between large- scale productivity and species richness has long interested ecologists and evolutionists. Here we examine a potential explanation that we call the biogeographic affinity hypothesis, which proposes that the productivity- richness relationship is a function of species' climatic tolerances that in turn are shaped by the earth's climatic history combined with evolutionary niche conservatism. Using botanical data from regions and sites across California, we find support for a key prediction of this hypothesis, namely, that the productivity - species richness relationship differs strongly and predictably among groups of higher taxa on the basis of their biogeographic affinities ( i. e., between families or genera primarily associated with north- temperate, semiarid, or desert zones). We also show that a consideration of biogeographic affinity can yield new insights on how productivity- richness patterns at large geographic scales filter down to affect patterns of species richness and composition within local communities. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Harrison, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spharrison@ucdavis.edu NR 43 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 38 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 170 SU 2 BP S5 EP S15 DI 10.1086/519010 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 199ZO UT WOS:000248733900002 PM 17874384 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK Smith, RL Hannon, JE AF Boehlke, John Karl Smith, Richard L. Hannon, Janet E. TI Isotopic analysis of N and O in nitrite and nitrate by sequential selective bacterial reduction to N2O SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPES; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; EQUILIBRATION; SEAWATER AB Nitrite is an important intermediate species in the bio-geochemical cycling of nitrogen, but its role in natural aquatic systems is poorly understood. Isotopic data can be used to study the sources and transformations of NO2- in the environment, but methods for independent isotopic analyses of NO2- in the presence of other N species are still new and evolving. This study demonstrates that isotopic analyses of N and O in NO2- can be done by treating whole freshwater or saltwater samples with the denitrifying bacterium Stenotrophomonas nitritire-ducens, which selectively reduces NO2 - to N2O for isotope ratio mass spectrometry. When calibrated with solutions containing NO2- with known isotopic compositions determined independently, reproducible delta N-15 and delta O-18 values were obtained at both natural-abundance levels (+/- 0.2-0.5 parts per thousand for delta N-15 and +/- 0.4-1.0 parts per thousand for delta O-18) and moderately enriched N-15 tracer levels ( +/- 20-50 parts per thousand for delta N-15 near 5000 parts per thousand) for 5-20 nmol of NO2- (1-20 mu mol/L in 1-5 mL aliquots). This method is highly selective for NO2- and was used for mixed samples containing both NO2- and NO3- With little or no measurable cross-contamination. In addition, mixed samples that were analyzed with S. nitritireducens were treated subsequently with Pseudomonas aureofaciens to reduce the NO3- in the absence of NO2- providing isotopic analyses of NO2- and NO3- separately in the same aliquot Sequential bacterial reduction methods like this one should be useful for a variety of isotopic studies aimed at understanding nitrogen cycling in aquatic environments. A test of these methods in an agricultural watershed in Indiana provides isotopic evidence for both nitrification and denitrification as sources of NO2- in a small stream. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 21 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 15 BP 5888 EP 5895 DI 10.1021/ac070176k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 195UO UT WOS:000248437700064 PM 17580983 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MS Powell, RA AF Mitchell, Michael S. Powell, Roger A. TI Optimal use of resources structures home ranges and spatial distribution of black bears SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE area minimizing; black bear; landscape; optimal home range; resources; resource depression; resource maximizing; southern Appalachians; spatially explicit; individual-based model; Ursus americanus ID TERRITORY SIZE; HABITAT USE; CLETHRIONOMYS-RUFOCANUS; DENSITY; HUMMINGBIRDS; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; TIME; AVAILABILITY; ECONOMICS AB Research has shown that territories of animals are economical. Home ranges should be similarly efficient with respect to spatially distributed resources and this should structure their distribution on a landscape, although neither has been demonstrated empirically. To test these hypotheses, we used home range models that optimize resource use according to resource-maximizing and area-minimizing strategies to evaluate the home ranges of female black bears, Ursus americanus, living in the southern Appalachian Mountains. We tested general predictions of our models using 104 home ranges of adult female bears studied in the Pisgah Bear Sanctuary, North Carolina, U.S.A., from 1981 to 2001. We also used our models to estimate home ranges for each real home range under a variety of strategies and constraints and compared similarity of simulated to real home ranges. We found that home ranges of female bears were efficient with respect to the spatial distribution of resources and were best explained by an area-minimizing strategy with moderate resource thresholds and low levels of resource depression. Although resource depression probably influenced the spatial distribution of home ranges on the landscape, levels of resource depression were too low to quantify accurately. Home ranges of lactating females had higher resource thresholds and were more susceptible to resource depression than those of breeding females. We conclude that home ranges of animals, like territories, are economical with respect to resources, and that resource depression may be the mechanism behind ideal free or ideal preemptive distributions on complex, heterogeneous landscapes. (c) 2007 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mitchell, MS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 205 Nat Sci Bldg, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM mike.mitchell@umontana.edu RI Mitchell, Michael/H-1117-2011 NR 60 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 74 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.11.017 PN 2 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 209DU UT WOS:000249370000008 ER PT J AU Kirchner, S McDaniel, NK Sugiura, SH Soteropoulos, P Tian, B Fletcher, JW Ferraris, RP AF Kirchner, S. McDaniel, N. K. Sugiura, S. H. Soteropoulos, P. Tian, B. Fletcher, J. W. Ferraris, R. P. TI Salmonid microarrays identify intestinal genes that reliably monitor P deficiency in rainbow trout aquaculture SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2006 Annual Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut DE dietary deficiency; immune response; intestine; phosphorus-responsive genes; trout ID DIETARY PHOSPHORUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RESPONSIVE GENES; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; CHANNEL CATFISH; CDNA MICROARRAY; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHATE; FISH; TRANSPORT AB Nutrient-responsive genes can identify important metabolic pathways and evaluate optimal dietary levels. Using a 16K Salmo salar microarray, we identified in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 21 potential phosphorus (P)-responsive genes, mainly involved in immune response, proteolysis or transport, whose expression levels changed in the intestine after 5 days of feeding a low-P (LP) diet. Diet-induced changes in the expression levels of several genes in each fish were tightly correlated with changes in serum P, and the changes persisted for an additional 15 days after dietary P deficiency. We then evaluated these and previously identified P-responsive genes under simulated farm conditions, and monitored the intestinal gene expression from 6 h to 7 days after the trout were switched from a sufficient-P (SP) diet to a LP diet (SP -> LP), and from a LP diet to a SP diet (LP -> SP). After 7 days, mean serum P decreased 0.14 mM/day for SP -> LP and increased 0.10 mmday for LP -> SP. The mRNA abundance of the metalloendopeptidase meprin 1 alpha (MEP1 alpha), the Na+-dependent phosphate co-transporter (NaPi2b,SLC34A2), the sulfotransferase SULT2 beta 1 and carbonic anhydrase XIII genes all increased after SP -> LP and decreased after LP -> SP, suggesting that adaptive expression is reversible and correlated with dietary P. The duration of change in gene expression in response to SP -> LP was generally shorter than that of LP -> SP, suggesting potentially different mechanisms of adaptation to deficiency as opposed to excess. Diet-induced changes in mRNA abundance of other genes were either transient or modest. We identified, by heterologous microarray hybridization, new genes sensitive to perturbations in dietary P, and then showed that these genes can reliably monitor P deficiency under field conditions. Simultaneous changes in the expression of these P biomarkers could predict either P deficiency (to prevent economic losses to the farmers) or P excess (to prevent inadvertent pollution of nearby waters). C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol & Physiol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. CUNY, Bronx Community Coll, Dept Biol & Med Lab Technol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA USA. RP Ferraris, RP (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol & Physiol, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM ferraris@umdnj.edu OI Tian, Bin/0000-0001-8903-8256 NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 319 EP 331 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01615.x PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 194HS UT WOS:000248335900001 PM 17596124 ER PT J AU Kulp, TR Han, S Saltikov, CW Lanoil, BD Zargar, K Oremland, RS AF Kulp, T. R. Han, S. Saltikov, C. W. Lanoil, B. D. Zargar, K. Oremland, R. S. TI Effects of imposed salinity gradients on dissimilatory arsenate reduction, sulfate reduction, and other microbial processes in sediments from two California soda lakes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONO LAKE; HYPERSALINE; COMMUNITY; DENITRIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT; INHIBITION; OXIDATION; SULFIDE; LIFE AB Salinity effects on microbial community structure and on potential rates of arsenate reduction, arsenite oxidation, sulfate reduction, denitrification, and methanogenesis were examined in sediment slurries from two California soda lakes. We conducted experiments with Mono Lake and Searles Lake sediments over a wide range of salt concentrations (25 to 346 g liter(-1)). With the exception of sulfate reduction, rates of all processes demonstrated an inverse relationship to total salinity. However, each of these processes persisted at low but detectable rates at salt saturation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of partial 16S rRNA genes amplified from As(V) reduction slurries revealed that distinct microbial populations grew at low (25 to 50 g liter(-1)), intermediate (100 to 200 g liter(-1)), and high (>300 g liter(-1)) salinity. At intermediate and high salinities, a close relative of a cultivated As-respiring halophile was present. These results suggest that organisms adapted to more dilute conditions can remain viable at high salinity and rapidly repopulate the lake during periods of rising take level. In contrast to As reduction, sulfate reduction in Mono Lake slurries was undetectable at salt saturation. Furthermore, sulfate reduction was excluded from Searles Lake sediments at any salinity despite the presence of abundant sulfate. Sulfate reduction occurred in Searles Lake sediment slurries only following inoculation with Mono Lake sediment, indicating the absence of sulfate-reducing flora. Experiments with borate-amended Mono Lake slurries suggest that the notably high (0.46 molal) concentration of borate in the Searles Lake brine was responsible for the exclusion of sulfate reducers from that ecosystem. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Kulp, TR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd,Mailstop 480, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM trkulp@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 73 IS 16 BP 5130 EP 5137 DI 10.1128/AEM.00771-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 201IY UT WOS:000248825900009 PM 17601810 ER PT J AU Gasper, JD Aiken, GR Ryan, JN AF Gasper, Jarrod D. Aiken, George R. Ryan, Joseph N. TI A critical review of three methods used for the measurement of mercury (Hg2+)-dissolved organic matter stability constants SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; NATURAL-WATERS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; REDUCED SULFUR; FULVIC-ACID; COMPLEXATION CAPACITY; STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; BINDING STRENGTHS; COPPER SPECIATION AB Three experimental techniques-ion exchange, liquid-liquid extraction with competitive ligand exchange, and solid-phase extraction with competitive ligand exchange (CLE-SPE) - were evaluated as methods for determining conditional stability constants (K) for the binding of mercury (Hg2+) to dissolved organic matter (DOM). To determine the utility of a given method to measure stability constants at environmentally relevant experimental conditions, experimental results should meet three criteria: (1) the data must be experimentally valid, in that they were acquired under conditions that meet all the requirements of the experimental method, (2) the Hg:DOM ratio should be determined and it should fall within levels that are consistent with environmental conditions, and (3) the stability constants must fall within the detection window of the method. The ion exchange method was found to be limited by its detection window, which constrains the method to stability constants with logK values less than about 14. The liquid-liquid extraction method was found to be complicated by the ability of Hg-DOM complexes to partition into the organic phase. The CLE-SPE method was found to be the most suitable of these methods for the measurement of Hg-DOM stability constants. Stability constants for DOM isolates measured using the CLE-SPE method at environmentally relevant Hg:DOM ratios were logK= 25-30 (M-1). These values are consistent with the strong Hg2+ binding expected for reduced S-containing binding sites. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Aiken, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO USA. EM graiken@usgs.gov RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 NR 54 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1583 EP 1597 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.03.018 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 214AY UT WOS:000249709600003 ER PT J AU Rostad, CE Daniel, SR AF Rostad, C. E. Daniel, S. R. TI Distribution of selected halogenated organic compounds among suspended particulate, colloid, and aqueous phases in the mississippi river and major tributaries SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEDIMENT; TRANSPORT; CARBON; BIOTA AB Suspended particulate, colloid, and aqueous phases were separated and analyzed to determine spatial variation of specific organic compound transport associated with each phase in a dynamic river system. Sixteen sites along the Mississippi River and its major tributaries were sampled at low-flow conditions to maximize the possibility of equilibrium. Across the solubility range studied, the proportion transported by each phase depended on the compound solubility, with more water-soluble compounds (dacthal, trifluralin) transported predominantly in the aqueous phase and less-water soluble compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls, chlordane-related compounds) transported predominantly in the particulate and colloid phases. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rostad, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95,Mail Stop 408,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM cerostad@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s00244-005-0056-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 181HA UT WOS:000247426600002 PM 17587141 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Hill, EF Grove, RA Kaiser, JL AF Henny, C. J. Hill, E. F. Grove, R. A. Kaiser, J. L. TI Mercury and drought along the lower Carson River, Nevada: I. Snowy egret and black-crowned night-heron annual exposure to mercury, 1997-2006 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE total mercury; methyl mercury; mining; snowy egret; black-crowned night-heron; Lahontan Reservoir; Carson River; Nevada; water discharge ID PANDION HALIAETUS; EGGS; BIRDS; METHYLMERCURY; ACCUMULATION AB The dynamic nature of the annual volume of water discharged down the Carson River over a 10-year period, which included a century flood and drought, was examined in order to gain a better understanding of mercury movement, biological availability, and exposure to waterbirds nesting at Lahontan Reservoir. Total annual water discharge directly influenced total mercury (THg) in unfiltered water above the reservoir and downstream of a mining area, whereas methyl mercury (MeHg) at the same site was negatively related to annual discharge. Annual water storage at Lahontan Reservoir in the spring and early summer, as expected, was directly related to annual Carson River discharge. In contrast to the findings from above the reservoir, annual MeHg concentrations in water sampled below the reservoir were positively correlated with the total discharge and the amount of water stored in the reservoir on 1 July; that is, the reservoir is an important location for mercury methylation, which agrees with earlier findings. However, unfiltered water MeHg concentrations were about 10-fold higher above than below the reservoir, which indicated that much MeHg that entered as well as that produced in the reservoir settled out in the reservoir. Avian exposure to mercury at Lahontan Reservoir was evaluated in both eggs and blood of young snowy egrets (Egretta thula) and black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax). Annual MeHg concentrations in unfiltered water below the reservoir, during the time period (Julian Days 90-190) when birds were present, correlated significantly with mercury concentrations in night-heron blood (r(2) = 0.461, p = 0.027), snowy egret blood (r(2) = 0.474, p = 0.024), and night-heron eggs (r(2) = 0.447, p = 0.029), but not snowy egret eggs. A possible reason for lack of an MeHg water correlation with snowy egret eggs is discussed and relates to potential exposure differences associated with the food habits of both species. THg concentrations in water collected below the reservoir were not related to egg or blood mercury concentrations for either species. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM charles_j_henny@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0163-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 181HA UT WOS:000247426600017 PM 17587144 ER PT J AU Kannan, K Perrotta, E Thomas, NJ Aldous, KM AF Kannan, Kurunthachalam Perrotta, Emily Thomas, Nancy J. Aldous, Kenneth M. TI A comparative analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in southern sea otters that died of infectious diseases and noninfectious causes SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; CALIFORNIA COASTAL WATERS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; SMALL CETACEANS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HARBOR SEALS; POLAR BEARS AB Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) from the California coast continue to exhibit a slower population regrowth rate than the population in Alaska. Infectious diseases have been identified as a frequent cause of death. Infectious diseases caused by varied pathogens including bacteria, fungi, and parasites were suggestive of compromised immunological health of mature animals in this population. To test the hypothesis that elevated exposure to immunotoxic contaminants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contribute to disease susceptibility via immunosuppression, we determined concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs in livers of 80 adult female sea otters that died of infectious diseases, noninfectious causes, or emaciation. Concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs in sea otter livers varied widely (10-26,800 ng/g and 81-210,000 ng/g, lipid weight, respectively). Concentrations of PBDEs in sea otters were some of the highest values reported for marine mammals so far. Although PCB concentrations in sea otters have declined during 1992-2002, the mean concentration was at the threshold at which adverse health effects are elicited. Concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs were significantly correlated, suggesting co-exposure of these contaminants in sea otters. No significant association was found between the concentrations of PBDEs and the health status of sea otters. Concentrations of PCBs were significantly higher in otters in the infectious disease category than in the noninfectious category, suggesting an association between elevated PCB concentrations and infectious diseases in Southern sea otters. C1 SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Kannan, K (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Empire State Pl,POB 509, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM kkannan@wadsworth.org NR 47 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0251-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 181HA UT WOS:000247426600020 PM 17587145 ER PT J AU Field, EH AF Field, Edward H. TI A summary of previous Working Groups on California Earthquake Probabilities SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FUTURE EARTHQUAKES; MODEL; STRESS; MAGNITUDE; FORECASTS; HAZARD; UNCERTAINTY; SEISMICITY AB This article summarizes the 1988, 1990, 1995, and 2002 Working Groups on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEPs). Each of these studies used the best available science to make a time-dependent earthquake forecast. All involved applying elastic-rebound-theory-motivated recurrence models to estimate the probability of rupture on discrete fault segments. The focus was necessarily limited to those faults that had sufficient information to make a time-dependent analysis, although the later studies included probabilities for other events as well. This manuscript does not give a point-by-point critique or review of the previous WGCEPs, both because it would take considerably more text and because such discussions will necessarily be documented by future working groups as they justify changes. One opinion that is emphasized, however, is that future WGCEPs should resist overcomplexity in certain aspects of the model given basic assumptions that have been made and/or limitations in our understanding of the earthquake system. For example, one might argue that the level of sophistication applied by previous WGCEPs with respect to recurrence-interval variability and uncertainty was overkill given their basic assumptions that large earthquakes obey segment boundaries, ruptures never jump from one fault to another, and earthquake-clustering effects can be ignored. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Field, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM field@caltech.edu NR 43 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1053 DI 10.1785/0120060048 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 196SI UT WOS:000248501900001 ER PT J AU Scharer, KM Weldon, RJ Fumal, TE Biasi, GP AF Scharer, Katherine M. Weldon, Ray J., II Fumal, Tom E. Biasi, Glenn P. TI Paleoearthquakes on the Southern San Andreas Fault, Wrightwood, California, 3000 to 1500 BC: A new method for evaluating paleoseismic evidence and earthquake horizons SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; C-14 AGE; PEAT; MACROFOSSILS; EVENTS; OREGON; REGION; SITE; AMS AB We present evidence of 11-14 earthquakes that occurred between 3000 and 1500 B.C. on the San Andreas fault at the Wrightwood paleoseismic site. Earthquake evidence is presented in a novel form in which we rank (high, moderate, poor, or low) the quality of all evidence of ground deformation, which are called "event indicators." Event indicator quality reflects our confidence that the morphologic and sedimentologic evidence can be attributable to a ground-deforming earthquake and that the earthquake horizon is accurately identified by the morphology of the feature. In four vertical meters of section exposed in ten trenches, we document 316 event indicators attributable to 32 separate stratigraphic horizons. Each stratigraphic horizon is evaluated based on the sum of rank (Rs), maximum rank (Rm), average rank (Ra), number of observations (Obs), and sum of higher-quality event indicators (Rs(> 1)). Of the 32 stratigraphic horizons, 14 contain 83% of the event indicators and are qualified based on the number and quality of event indicators; the remaining 18 do not have satisfactory evidence for further consideration. Eleven of the 14 stratigraphic horizons have sufficient number and quality of event indicators to be qualified as "probable" to "very likely" earthquakes; the remaining three stratigraphic horizons are associated with somewhat ambiguous features and are qualified as "possible" earthquakes. Although no single measurement defines an obvious threshold for designation as an earthquake horizon, Rs, Rm, and Rs(> 1) correlate best with the interpreted earthquake quality. Earthquake age distributions are determined from radiocarbon ages of peat samples using a Bayesian approach to layer dating. The average recurrence interval for the 10 consecutive and highest-quality earthquakes is I 11 (93-13 1) years and individual intervals are +/- 50% of the average. With comparison with the previously published 14-15 earthquake record between A.D. 500 and present, we find no evidence to suggest significant variations in the average recurrence rate at Wrightwood during the past 5000 years. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Scharer, KM (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1054 EP 1093 DI 10.1785/0120060137 PG 40 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 196SI UT WOS:000248501900002 ER PT J AU Allen, TI Cummins, PR Dhu, T Schneider, JF AF Allen, Trevor I. Cummins, Phil R. Dhu, Trevor Schneider, John F. TI Attenuation of ground-motion spectral amplitudes in southeastern Australia SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; EMPIRICAL ATTENUATION; LITHOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; CANADA AB A dataset comprising some 1200 weak- and strong-motion records from 84 earthquakes is compiled to develop a regional ground-motion model for southeastern Australia (SEA). Events were recorded from 1993 to 2004 and range in size from moment magnitude 2.0 <= M <= 4.7. The decay of vertical-component Fourier spectral amplitudes is modeled by trilinear geometrical spreading. The decay of low-frequency spectral amplitudes can be approximated by the coefficient of R-1.3 (where R is hypocentral distance) within 90 km of the seismic source. From approximately 90 to 160 kin, we observe a transition zone in which the seismic coda are affected by postcritical reflections from midcrustal and Moho discontinuities. In this hypocentral distance range, geometrical spreading is approximately R+0.1. Beyond 160 km. low-frequency seismic energy attenuates rapidly with source-receiver distance, having a geometrical spreading coefficient of R (-1.6). The associated regional seismic-quality factor can be expressed by the polynomial: log Q(f) = 3.66 - 1.44 logf + 0.768 (log f)(2) + 0.058 (log f)(3) for frequencies 0.78 <= f <= 19.9 Hz. Fourier spectral amplitudes, corrected for geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation, are regressed with M to obtain quadratic source scaling coefficients. Modeled vertical-component displacement spectra fit the observed data well. Amplitude residuals are, on average, relatively small and do not vary with hypocentral distance. Predicted source spectra (i.e., at R = 1 km) are consistent with eastern North American (ENA) models at low frequencies (f less than approximately 2 Hz) indicating that moment magnitudes calculated for SEA earthquakes are consistent with moment magnitude scales used in ENA over the observed magnitude range. The models presented represent the first spectral ground-motion prediction equations developed for the southeastern Australian region. This work provides a useful framework for the development of regional C1 Geosci Australia, Risk Res Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Allen, TI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM tallen@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1279 EP 1292 DI 10.1785/0120060172 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 196SI UT WOS:000248501900018 ER PT J AU Friedenberg, NA Whited, BM Slone, DH Martinson, SJ Ayres, MP AF Friedenberg, Nicholas A. Whited, Brenda M. Slone, Daniel H. Martinson, Sharon J. Ayres, Matthew P. TI Differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, on Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BARK BEETLES; PRIMARY ATTRACTION; ZIMMERMANN COLEOPTERA; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; HABITAT BOUNDARIES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; EAST TEXAS; SCOLYTIDAE; TREE; DYNAMICS AB Patterns of host use by herbivore pests can have serious consequences for natural and managed ecosystems but are often poorly understood. Here, we provide the first quantification of large differential impacts of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, on loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., and longleaf pine, Pinus palustris P. Mill., and evaluate putative mechanisms for the disparity. Spatially extensive survey data from recent epidemics indicate that, per square kilometre, stands of loblolly versus longleaf pine in four forests (380-1273 km(2)) sustained 3-18 times more local infestations and 3-116 times more tree mortality. Differences were not attributable to size or age structure of pine stands. Using pheromone-baited traps, we found no differences in the abundance of dispersing D.frontalis or its predator Thanasimus dubius Fabricius between loblolly and longleaf stands. Trapping triggered numerous attacks on trees, but the pine species did not differ in the probability of attack initiation or in the surface area of bark attacked by growing aggregations. We found no evidence for postaggregation mechanisms of discrimination or differential success on the two hosts, suggesting that early colonizers discriminate between host species before a pheromone plume is present. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolut Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. US Geol Survey Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Friedenberg, NA (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM naf@archidictus.org OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1427 EP 1437 DI 10.1139/XO7-008 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 230HQ UT WOS:000250867600012 ER PT J AU Fierro-Calderon, K Martin, TE AF Fierro-Calderon, Karolina Martin, Thomas E. TI Reproductive biology of the violet-chested hummingbird in Venezuela and comparisons with other tropical and temperate hummingbirds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE reproductive biology; Sternoclyta cyanopectus; tropical hummingbirds ID LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; ATTENTIVENESS; SUCCESS; RATES; CARE AB We provide details on the breeding biology of the Violet-chested Hummingbird (Sternoclyta cyanopectus) based on 67 nests studied in Yacambu National Park, Venezuela, from 2002 through 2006. Clutch size was two white eggs, usually laid every other day. Fresh egg mass (0.95 +/- 0.14 g) was 15% of female mass. Incubation and nestling periods were 20.4 +/- 0.3 and 26.0 +/- 0.4 days, respectively. Nest attentiveness increased from 60% in early incubation to 68% in late incubation. The female spent 50% of her time brooding young nestlings, but ceased brooding by 13 days of age. Only the female fed the young, with a low rate of nest visitation (3.3 trips per hour) that did not increase with age of the young. Growth rate based on nestling mass (K = 0.28) was slow. Daily predation rates decreased across stages and were 0.064 +/- 0.044, 0.033 +/- 0.008, and 0.020 +/- 0.006 during the egg-laying, incubation, and nestling periods, respectively. Most, but not all, life history traits of the Violet-chested Hummingbird were similar to those reported for other tropical and temperate hummingbirds, providing further evidence that this family shows a relatively narrow range of life history variation. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Fierro-Calderon, K (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM kavafiana@yahoo.com RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 680 EP 685 DI 10.1650/8305.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 199DR UT WOS:000248676900019 ER PT J AU Bozkurt, SB Stein, RS Toda, S AF Bozkurt, Serkan B. Stein, Ross S. Toda, Shinji TI Forecasting probabilistic seismic shaking for greater Tokyo from 400 years of intensity observations SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID HAZARD ASSESSMENT AB The long recorded history of earthquakes in Japan affords an opportunity to forecast seismic shaking exclusively from past shaking. We calculate the time-averaged (Poisson) probability of severe shaking by using more than 10,000 intensity observations recorded since AD 1600 in a 350 km-wide box centered on Tokyo. Unlike other hazard-assessment methods, source and site effects are included without modeling, and we do not need to know the size or location of any earthquake nor the location and slip rate of any fault. The two key assumptions are that the slope of the observed frequency-intensity relation at every site is the same, and that the 400-year record is long enough to encompass the full range of seismic behavior. Tests we conduct here suggest that both assumptions are sound. The resulting 30-year probability of I-JMA >= 6 shaking (similar to PGA >= 0.4 g or MMI >= IX) is 30%-40% in Tokyo, Kawasaki, and Yokohama, and 10%-15% in Chiba and Tsukuba. This result means that there is a 30% chance that 4 million people will be subjected to I-JMA >= 6 shaking during an average 30-year period. We also produce exceedance maps of PGA for building-code regulations, and calculate short-term hazard associated with a hypothetical catastrophe bond. Our results resemble an independent assessment developed from conventional seismic hazard analysis for greater Tokyo. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. AIST, Active Fault Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 2058567, Japan. RP Bozkurt, SB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 EI 1944-8201 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 525 EP 546 DI 10.1193/1.2753504 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 239KM UT WOS:000251517200002 ER PT J AU Williams, RA Odum, JK Stephenson, WJ Herrmann, RB AF Williams, Robert A. Odum, Jack K. Stephenson, William J. Herrmann, Robert B. TI Shallow P- and S-wave velocities and site resonances in the St. Louis region, Missouri-Illinois SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SEISMIC REFRACTION/REFLECTION; EARTHQUAKE AB As part of the seismic hazard-mapping efforts in the St. Louis metropolitan area we determined the compressional and shear-wave velocities (Vp and Vs) to about a 40-m depth at 17 locations in this area. The Vs measurements were made using high-resolution seismic refraction and reflection methods. We find a clear difference in the Vs profiles between sites located on the river floodplains and those located in the upland urban areas of St. Louis. Vs30 (average Vs to 30-m depth) values in floodplain areas range from 200 to 290 m/s (NEHRP category D) and contrast with sites on the upland areas of St. Louis, which have Vs30 values ranging from 410 to 785 m/s (NEHRP categories C and B). The lower Vs30 values and earthquake recordings in the floodplains suggest a greater potential for stronger and more prolonged ground shaking in an earthquake. Spectral analysis of a M3.6 earthquake recorded on the St. Louis-area ANSS seismograph network indicates stronger shaking and potentially damaging S-wave resonant frequencies at NEHRP category D sites compared to ground motions at a rock site located on the Saint Louis University campus. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Williams, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 711 EP 726 DI 10.1193/1.2753548 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 239KM UT WOS:000251517200010 ER PT J AU Royle, JA Kery, M Gautier, R Schmid, H AF Royle, J. Andrew Kery, Marc Gautier, Roland Schmid, Hans TI Hierarchical spatial models of abundance and occurrence from imperfect survey data SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE animal abundance; Bayesian analysis; detection probability; hierarchical models; monitoring data; occurrence probability; spatial corerage bias; spatial modeling ID GAUSSIAN COX PROCESSES; DETECTION PROBABILITIES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; REPLICATED COUNTS; AVIAN ABUNDANCE; POPULATION-SIZE; MIXTURE-MODELS; POINT COUNTS; COMMUNITIES; PREDICTION AB Many estimation and inference problems arising from large-scale animal surveys are focused on developing an understanding of patterns in abundance or occurrence of a species based on spatially referenced count data. One fundamental challenge, then, is that it is generally not feasible to completely enumerate ("census") all individuals present in each sample unit. This observation bias may consist of several components, including spatial coverage bias (not all individuals in the Population are exposed to sampling) and detection bias (exposed individuals may go undetected). Thus, observations are biased for the state variable (abundance, occupancy) that is the object of inference. Moreover, data are often sparse for most observation locations, requiring consideration of methods for spatially aggregating or otherwise combining sparse data among sample units. The development of methods that unify spatial statistical models with models accommodating non-detection is necessary to resolve important spatial inference problems based on animal survey data. In this paper, we develop a novel hierarchical spatial model for estimation of abundance and occurrence from survey data wherein detection is imperfect. Our application is focused on spatial inference problems in the Swiss Survey of Common Breeding Birds. The observation model for the survey data is specified conditional on the unknown quadrat population size, N(s). We augment the observation model with a spatial process model for N(s), describing the spatial variation in abundance of the species. The model includes explicit sources of variation in habitat structure (forest, elevation) and latent variation in the form of a correlated spatial process. This provides a model-based framework for combining the spatially referenced samples while at the same time yielding a unified treatment of estimation problems involving both abundance and occurrence. We provide a Bayesian framework for analysis and prediction based on the integrated likelihood, and we use the model to obtain estimates of abundance and occurrence maps for the European Jay (Garrulus glandarius), a widespread, elusive, forest bird. The naive national abundance estimate ignoring imperfect detection and incomplete quadrat coverage was 77 766 territories. Accounting for imperfect detection added approximately 18000 territories, and adjusting for coverage bias added another 131 000 territories to yield a fully corrected estimate of the national total of about 227 000 territories. This is approximately three times as high as previous estimates that assume every territory is detected in each quadrat. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. RP Royle, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM aroyle@usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 60 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 68 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 BP 465 EP 481 DI 10.1890/06-0912.1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194YO UT WOS:000248379900008 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Diefenbach, DR AF Conn, Paul B. Diefenbach, Duane R. TI Adjusting age and stage distributions for misclassification errors SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-at-harvest; age structure; aging error; matrix population model; misclassification error; stage structure; Ursus americanus ID NEW-WORLD POPULATIONS; BLACK BEARS; COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHY; STATISTICAL-MODELS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; THRUSHES TURDUS; CEMENTUM; HARVEST AB Ecologists often use samples from the age or stage structure of a population to make inferences about population-level processes and to parameterize matrix models. Typically, researchers make a simplifying assumption that age and stage classes are determined without error, when in fact some level of misclassification often can be expected. If unaccounted for, misclassification will lead to overly optimistic levels of precision and can cause biased estimates of age or stage structure. Although several studies have used information from known-age individuals to quantify errors in age or stage distribution, the problem of estimating the age or stage structure in face of such errors has received comparably little attention. In this paper, we describe a general statistical framework for estimating the true stage distribution of a sample when misclassification rates can be estimated. The estimation process requires auxiliary information on misclassification rates, such as data from individuals of known age. We analyze age-structured harvest records from black bears in Pennsylvania to illustrate how incorporating misclassification errors leads to changes in point estimates and provides a measure of precision. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM pconn@cnr.colostate.edu NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1977 EP 1983 DI 10.1890/07-0369.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IO UT WOS:000248620500016 PM 17824429 ER PT J AU Harding, AMA Piatt, JF Schmutz, JA Shultz, MT Van Pelt, TI Kettle, AB Speckman, SG AF Harding, Ann M. A. Piatt, John F. Schmutz, Joel A. Shultz, Michael T. Van Pelt, Thomas I. Kettle, Arthur B. Speckman, Suzann G. TI Prey density and the behavioral flexibility of a marine predator: The common murre (Uria aalge) SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioral flexibility; chick-feeding rates; colony attendance; Common Murre; hydro-acoustic; surreys; marine predators; prey density; seabird; time budget; time buffer; Uria aalge ID LOWER COOK INLET; TIME-BUDGETS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GUILLEMOTS; ABUNDANCE; ALASKA; FOOD; BIRD; DETERMINANTS; AGGREGATION AB Flexible time budgets allow individual animals to buffer the effects of variable food availability by allocating more time to foraging when food density decreases. This trait should be especially important for marine predators that forage on patchy and ephemeral food resources. We examined flexible time allocation by a long-lived marine predator, the Common Murre (Uria aalge), using data collected in a five-year study at three colonies in Alaska (USA) with contrasting environmental conditions. Annual hydroacoustic surveys revealed an order-of-magnitude variation in food density among the 15 colony-ye'ars of study. We used data on parental time budgets and local prey density to test predictions from two hypotheses: Hypothesis A, the colony attendance of seabirds varies nonlinearly with food density; and Hypothesis B, flexible time allocation of parent murres buffers chicks against variable food availability. Hypothesis A was supported; colony attendance by murres was positively correlated with food over a limited range of poor-to-moderate food densities, but independent of food over a broader range of higher densities. This is the first empirical evidence for a nonlinear response of a marine predator's time budget to changes in prey density. Predictions from Hypothesis B were largely supported: (1) chick-feeding rates were fairly constant over a wide range of densities and only dropped below 3.5 meals per day at the low end of prey density, and (2) there was a nonlinear relationship between chick-feeding rates and time spent at the colony, with chick-feeding rates only declining after time at the colony by the nonbrooding parent was reduced to a minimum. The ability of parents to adjust their foraging time by more than 2 h/d explains why they were able to maintain chick-feeding rates of more than 3.5 meals/d across a 10-fold range in local food density. C1 Transboundary Ecol LLC, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Sci, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Harding, AMA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ann_harding@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 8 BP 2024 EP 2033 DI 10.1890/06-1695.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IO UT WOS:000248620500021 PM 17824434 ER PT J AU Grace, JB Anderson, TM Smith, MD Seabloom, E Andelman, SJ Meche, G Weiher, E Allain, LK Jutila, H Sankaran, M Knops, J Ritchie, M Willig, MR AF Grace, James B. Anderson, T. Michael Smith, Melinda D. Seabloom, Eric Andelman, Sandy J. Meche, Gayna Weiher, Evan Allain, Larry K. Jutila, Heli Sankaran, Mahesh Knops, Johannes Ritchie, Mark Willig, Michael R. TI Does species diversity limit productivity in natural grassland communities? SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE abiotic filtering; biomass production; disturbance; diversity; grasslands; meta-analysis; nonlinear modelling; productivity; richness; structural equation modeling ID ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; EUROPEAN GRASSLANDS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; SPATIAL SCALE; BIODIVERSITY; RICHNESS; DENSITY; MODEL; CONSEQUENCES AB Theoretical analyses and experimental studies of synthesized assemblages indicate that under particular circumstances species diversity can enhance community productivity through niche complementarity. It remains unclear whether this process has important effects in mature natural ecosystems where competitive feedbacks and complex environmental influences affect diversity-productivity relationships. In this study, we evaluated diversity-productivity relationships while statistically controlling for environmental influences in 12 natural grassland ecosystems. Because diversity-productivity relationships are conspicuously nonlinear, we developed a nonlinear structural equation modeling ( SEM) methodology to separate the effects of diversity on productivity from the effects of productivity on diversity. Meta-analysis was used to summarize the SEM findings across studies. While competitive effects were readily detected, enhancement of production by diversity was not. These results suggest that the influence of small-scale diversity on productivity in mature natural systems is a weak force, both in absolute terms and relative to the effects of other controls on productivity. C1 US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Univ Groningen, Community & Conservat Ecol Grp, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Conservat Int, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. Hameenlinna Reg Environm Author, Hemeenlinna 13101, Finland. Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Grace, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM jim_grace@usgs.gov RI Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; OI Seabloom, Eric/0000-0001-6780-9259 NR 50 TC 162 Z9 178 U1 12 U2 148 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 8 BP 680 EP 689 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01058.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 183GQ UT WOS:000247561100006 PM 17594423 ER PT J AU Kauffman, MJ Varley, N Smith, DW Stahler, DR MacNulty, DR Boyce, MS AF Kauffman, Matthew J. Varley, Nathan Smith, Douglas W. Stahler, Daniel R. MacNulty, Daniel R. Boyce, Mark S. TI Landscape heterogeneity shapes predation in a newly restored predator-prey system SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antipredator response; catchability; kill occurrence; native predator; predation risk; predator restoration; prey refugia; risk map; territoriality; trophic cascades; vulnerability ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; HABITAT SELECTION; TROPHIC CASCADES; WOLF PREDATION; BUFFER ZONES; GRAY WOLVES; ELK; RISK; MANAGEMENT AB Because some native ungulates have lived without top predators for generations, it has been uncertain whether runaway predation would occur when predators are newly restored to these systems. We show that landscape features and vegetation, which influence predator detection and capture of prey, shape large-scale patterns of predation in a newly restored predator-prey system. We analysed the spatial distribution of wolf ( Canis lupus) predation on elk ( Cervus elaphus) on the Northern Range of Yellowstone National Park over 10 consecutive winters. The influence of wolf distribution on kill sites diminished over the course of this study, a result that was likely caused by territorial constraints on wolf distribution. In contrast, landscape factors strongly influenced kill sites, creating distinct hunting grounds and prey refugia. Elk in this newly restored predator-prey system should be able to mediate their risk of predation by movement and habitat selection across a heterogeneous risk landscape. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Wolf Project, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kauffman, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mkauffm1@uwyo.edu RI Boyce, Mark/A-2620-2014; MacNulty, Dan/L-3965-2016 OI Boyce, Mark/0000-0001-5811-325X; NR 60 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 13 U2 114 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 8 BP 690 EP 700 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01059.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 183GQ UT WOS:000247561100007 PM 17594424 ER PT J AU Allen, CD AF Allen, Craig D. TI Interactions across spatial scales among forest dieback, fire, and erosion in northern New Mexico landscapes SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE disturbance interactions; forest dieback; fire; erosion; fire history; cross-scale relationships; thresholds; New Mexico; southwestern USA ID CLIMATE VARIATION; TREE MORTALITY; GLOBAL-CHANGE; DROUGHT; PATTERNS; PERSPECTIVE; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; WILDFIRE; AMERICA AB Ecosystem patterns and disturbance processes at one spatial scale often interact with processes at another scale, and the result of such cross-scale interactions can be nonlinear dynamics with thresholds. Examples of cross-scale pattern-process relationships and interactions among forest dieback, fire, and erosion are illustrated from northern New Mexico (USA) landscapes, where long-term studies have recently documented all of these disturbance processes. For example, environmental stress, operating on individual trees, can cause tree death that is amplified by insect mortality agents to propagate to patch and then landscape or even regional-scale forest dieback. Severe drought and unusual warmth in the southwestern USA since the late 1990s apparently exceeded species-specific physiological thresholds for multiple tree species, resulting in substantial vegetation mortality across millions of hectares of woodlands and forests in recent years. Predictions of forest dieback across spatial scales are constrained by uncertainties associated with: limited knowledge of species-specific physiological thresholds; individual and site-specific variation in these mortality thresholds; and positive feedback loops between rapidly-responding insect herbivore populations and their stressed plant hosts, sometimes resulting in nonlinear "pest" outbreak dynamics. Fire behavior also exhibits nonlinearities across spatial scales, illustrated by changes in historic fire regimes where patch-scale grazing disturbance led to regional-scale collapse of surface fire activity and subsequent recent increases in the scale of extreme fire events in New Mexico. Vegetation dieback interacts with fire activity by modifying fuel amounts and configurations at multiple spatial scales. Runoff and erosion processes are also subject to scale-dependent threshold behaviors, exemplified by ecohydrological work in semiarid New Mexico watersheds showing how declines in ground surface cover lead to non-linear increases in bare patch connectivity and thereby accelerated runoff and erosion at hillslope and watershed scales. Vegetation dieback, grazing, and fire can change land surface properties and cross-scale hydrologic connectivities, directly altering ecohydrological patterns of runoff and erosion. The interactions among disturbance processes across spatial scales can be key drivers in ecosystem dynamics, as illustrated by these studies of recent landscape changes in northern New Mexico. To better anticipate and mitigate accelerating human impacts to the planetary ecosystem at all spatial scales, improvements are needed in our conceptual and quantitative understanding of cross-scale interactions among disturbance processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Allen, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM craig_allen@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 5 BP 797 EP 808 DI 10.1007/s10021-007-9057-4 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217TC UT WOS:000249969200010 ER PT J AU Rau, GH Knauss, KG Langer, WH Caldeira, K AF Rau, Greg H. Knauss, Kevin G. Langer, William H. Caldeira, Ken TI Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE CO2; power plant; mitigation; capture; sequestration; storage; limestone; ocean ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OCEAN; CALCIFICATION; DISSOLUTION; BICARBONATE; TECHNOLOGY; DISPOSAL; STATE; PH AB The use and impacts of accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL; reaction: CO2 + H2O + CaCO3 -> Ca2+ + 2(HCO3-) is explored as a CO2 capture and sequestration method. It is shown that significant limestone resources are relatively close to a majority of CO2-emitting power plants along the coastal US, a favored siting location for AWL. Waste fines, representing more than 20% of current US crushed limestone production (> 10(9) tonnes/yr), could provide an inexpensive or free source of AWL carbonate. With limestone transportation then as the dominant cost variable, CO2 mitigation costs of $3-$4/tonne appear to be possible in certain locations. Perhaps 10-20% of US point-source CO2 emissions could be mitigated in this fashion. It is experimentally shown that CO2 sequestration rates of 10(-6) to 10(-5) moles/sec per m(2) of limestone surface area are achievable, with reaction densities on the order of 10(-2) tonnes CO2 m(-3) day(-1), highly dependent on limestone particle size, solution turbulence and flow, and CO2 concentration. Modeling shows that AWL would allow carbon storage in the ocean with significantly reduced impacts to seawater pH relative to direct CO2 disposal into the atmosphere or sea. The addition of AWL-derived alkalinity to the ocean may itself be beneficial for marine biota. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Rau, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM rau4@llnl.gov RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD AUG PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1471 EP 1477 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.011 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 184SL UT WOS:000247662200018 ER PT J AU Wetherbee, GA Gay, DA Brunette, RC Sweet, CW AF Wetherbee, Gregory A. Gay, David A. Brunette, Robert C. Sweet, Clyde W. TI Estimated variability of national atmospheric deposition program/mercury deposition network measurements using collocated samplers SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE mercury; wet deposition; NADP; MDN; precipitation; quality assurance; variability ID PROGRAM; PRECIPITATION AB The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) provides long-term, quality-assured records of mercury in wet deposition in the USA and Canada. Interpretation of spatial and temporal trends in the MDN data requires quantification of the variability of the MDN measurements. Variability is quantified for MDN data from collocated samplers at MDN sites in two states, one in Illinois and one in Washington. Median absolute differences in the collocated sampler data for total mercury concentration are approximately 11% of the median mercury concentration for all valid 1999-2004 MDN data. Median absolute differences are between 3.0% and 14% of the median MDN value for collector catch (sample volume) and between 6.0% and 15% of the median MDN value for mercury wet deposition. The overall measurement errors are sufficiently low to resolve between NADP/MDN measurements by +/- 2 ng center dot l(-1) and +/- 2 mu g center dot m(-2) center dot year(-1), which are the contour intervals used to display the data on NADP isopleths maps for concentration and deposition, respectively. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Water Qual, Branch Qual Syst, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program Off, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Frontier Geosci Inc, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Wetherbee, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Water Qual, Branch Qual Syst, Box 25046,MS 401, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM wetherbe@usgs.gov; dgay@uiuc.edu; bobb@frontiergeosciences.com; csweet@sws.uiuc.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 131 IS 1-3 BP 49 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9456-6 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 181WV UT WOS:000247467900005 PM 17242972 ER PT J AU Derse, E Knee, KL Wankel, SD Kendall, C Berg, CJ Paytan, A AF Derse, Elizabeth Knee, Karen L. Wankel, Scott D. Kendall, Carol Berg, Carl J., Jr. Paytan, Adina TI Identifying sources of nitrogen to Hanalei Bay, Kauai, utilizing the nitrogen isotope signature of macroalgae SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL-REEFS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; DELTA-N-15; NITRATE; HAWAII; PHOSPHORUS; DELTA-C-13; ESTUARIES; HERBIVORY AB Sewage effluent, storm runoff, discharge from polluted rivers, and inputs of groundwater have all been suggested as potential sources of land derived nutrients into Hanalei Bay, Kauai. We determined the nitrogen isotopic signatures (delta(15)N) of different nitrate sources to Hanalei Bay along with the isotopic signature recorded by 11 species of macroalgal collected in the Bay. The macroalgae integrate the isotopic signatures of the nitrate sources over time, thus these data along with the nitrate to dissolved inorganic phosphate molar ratios (N:P) of the macroalgae were used to determine the major nitrate source to the bay ecosystem and which of the macro-nutrients is limiting algae growth, respectively. Relatively low delta(15)N values (average -0.5%) were observed in all algae collected throughout the Bay; implicating fertilizer, rather than domestic sewage, as an important external source of nitrogen to the coastal water around Hanalei. The N:P ratio in the algae compared to the ratio in the Bay waters imply that the Hanalei Bay coastal ecosystem is nitrogen limited and thus, increased nitrogen input may potentially impact this coastal ecosystem and specifically the coral reefs in the Bay. Identifying the major source of nutrient loading to the Bay is important for risk assessment and potential remediation plans. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Paytan, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM apaytan@pangea.stanford.edu NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5217 EP 5223 DI 10.1021/es0700449 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194KP UT WOS:000248343600006 PM 17822082 ER PT J AU Planer-Friedrich, B London, J McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Wallschlager, D AF Planer-Friedrich, Britta London, Jacqueline McCleskey, R. Blaine Nordstrom, D. Kirk Wallschlaeger, Dirk TI Thioarsenates in geothermal waters of yellowstone national park: Determination, preservation, and geochemical importance SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFIDIC WATERS; ARSENIC SPECIATION; RAPID OXIDATION; AS(III); 25-DEGREES-C; 90-DEGREES-C; SOLUBILITY; STABILITY; COMPLEXES; SAMPLES AB Mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrathioarsenate, as well as methylated arsenic oxy- and thioanions, were determined besides arsenite and arsenate in geothermal waters of Yellowstone National Park using anion-exchange chroma tography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Retention time match with synthetic standards, measured S:As ratios, and molecular electrospray mass spectra support the identification. Acidification was unsuitable for arsenic species preservation in sulfidic waters, with HCl addition causing loss of total dissolved arsenic, presumably by precipitation of arsenic-sulfides. Flash-freezing is preferred for the preservation of arsenic species for several weeks. After thawing, samples must be analyzed immediately. Thioarsenates occurred over a pH range of 2.1 to 9.3 in the geothermal waters. They clearly predominated under alkaline conditions (up to 83% of total arsenic), but monothioarsenate also was detected in acidic waters (up to 34%). Kinetic studies along a drainage channel showed the importance of thioarsenates for the fate of arsenic discharged from the sulfidic hot spring. The observed arsenic speciation changes suggest three separate reactions: the transformation of trithioarsenate to arsenite (major initial reaction), the stepwise ligand exchange from tri- via di- and monothioarsenate to arsenate (minor reaction), and the oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, which only becomes quantitatively important after thioarsenates have disappeared. C1 Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Sci Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Planer-Friedrich, B (reprint author), Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Sci Program, 1600 W Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM brittaplaner@trentu.ca RI Planer-Friedrich, Britta/J-1548-2012; OI Planer-Friedrich, Britta/0000-0002-0656-4283; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 33 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5245 EP 5251 DI 10.1021/es070273v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194KP UT WOS:000248343600010 PM 17822086 ER PT J AU Maxwell, RM Welty, C Harvey, RW AF Maxwell, Reed M. Welty, Claire Harvey, Ronald W. TI Revisiting the cape cod bacteria injection experiment using a stochastic modeling approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; GRADIENT TRACER TEST; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; VIRUS TRANSPORT; LARGE-SCALE; BED FILTRATION; GROUNDWATER; SAND; SIMULATION; AQUIFERS AB Bromide and resting-cell bacteria tracer tests conducted in a sandy aquifer at the U.S. Geological Survey Cape Cod site in 1987 were reinterpreted using a three-dimensional stochastic approach. Bacteria transport was coupled to colloid filtration theory through functional dependence of local-scale colloid transport parameters upon hydraulic conductivity and seepage velocity in a stochastic advection-dispersion/attachment-detachment model. Geostatistical information on the hydraulic conductivity (K) field that was unavailable at the time of the original test was utilized as input. Using geostatistical parameters, a groundwater flow and particle-tracking model of conservative solute transport was calibrated to the bromide-tracer breakthrough data. An optimization routine was employed over 100 realizations to adjust the mean and variance of the natural-logarithm of hydraulic conductivity (lnK) field to achieve best fit of a simulated, average bromide breakthrough curve. A stochastic particle-tracking model for the bacteria was run without adjustments to the local-scale colloid transport parameters. Good predictions of mean bacteria breakthrough were achieved using several approaches for modeling components of the system. Simulations incorporating the recent Tufenkji and Elimelech (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 529-536) correlation equation for estimating single collector efficiency were compared to those using the older Rajagopalan and Tien (AIChE J. 1976, 22, 523-533) model. Both appeared to work equally well at predicting mean bacteria breakthrough using a constant mean bacteria diameter for this set of field conditions. Simulations using a distribution of bacterial cell diameters available from original field notes yielded a slight improvement in the model and data agreement compared to simulations using an average bacterial diameter. The stochastic approach based on estimates of local-scale parameters for the bacteria-transport process reasonably captured the mean bacteria transport behavior and calculated an envelope of uncertainty that bracketed the observations in most simulation cases. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Maxwell, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, L-208,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM maxwell5@llnl.gov RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013; Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503; Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441 NR 55 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5548 EP 5558 DI 10.1021/es062693a PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194KP UT WOS:000248343600055 PM 17822131 ER PT J AU Rauschenberger, RH Wiebe, JJ Sepulveda, MS Scarborough, JE Gross, TS AF Rauschenberger, R. Heath Wiebe, Jon J. Sepulveda, Maria S. Scarborough, Janet E. Gross, Timothy S. TI Parental exposure to pesticides and poor clutch viability in American alligators SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; FATTY-ACIDS; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; EGGS; MORTALITY; FLORIDA; LIPIDS; FISH AB In central Florida, alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) inhabiting lakes contaminated with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) produce eggs that have high OCP concentrations and low clutch viability (proportion of eggs in a clutch that yield a live hatchling) compared to those from less contaminated lakes (reference lakes). However, a clear dose-response relationship has not been established between OCPs and poor clutch viability. In order to better elucidate a cause and effect relationship between OCP exposure and clutch viability, we conducted concurrent field and laboratory studies. Our field study reaffirmed that eggs of wild alligators from OCP-contaminated lakes and wetlands continue to have lower clutch viability and higher OCP burdens than eggs from reference lakes. Our field study also demonstrated that OCP egg burdens were strongly correlated with clutch viability for some of the OCP-contaminated sites, but not all. To better test causal relationships, a parental exposure study was conducted using captive adult alligators. Our laboratory study demonstrated that dietary exposure of captive alligators to an ecologically relevant OCP mixture caused alligators to produce eggs with higher OCP burdens and reduced clutch viability, as compared to the captive-control population. The experimentally induced egg burdens and clutch viability reductions were similar to those of wild alligators from OCP-contaminated sites. Our field and laboratory results suggest parental OCP exposure may be contributing to low clutch viability in wild alligators inhabiting OCP-contaminated habitats, raising some concern for endangered crocodilians living in OCP-contaminated habitats. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32216 USA. Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, New Iberia, LA 70560 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Rauschenberger, RH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 6620 Southpoint Dr S,Suite 310, Jacksonville, FL 32216 USA. EM heath_rauschenberger@fws.gov RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42-ES07375] NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5559 EP 5563 DI 10.1021/es0628194 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194KP UT WOS:000248343600056 PM 17822132 ER PT J AU Asher, WE Luo, W Campo, KW Bender, DA Robinson, KW Zogorski, JS Pankow, TE AF Asher, William E. Luo, Wentai Campo, Kimberly W. Bender, David A. Robinson, Keith W. Zogorski, John S. Pankow, Tames E. TI Application of a source apportionment model in consideration of volatile organic compounds in an urban stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE source apportionment; streams; volatile organic compounds; trichloroethylene; methyl-tert-butyl ether AB Position-dependent concentrations of trichloroethylene and methyl-tert-butyl ether are considered for a 2.81-km section of the Aberjona River in Massachusetts, USA. This river flows through Woburn and Winchester (Massachusetts, USA), an area that is highly urbanized, has a long history of industrial activities dating to the early 1800s, and has gained national attention because of contamination from chlorinated solvent compounds in Woburn wells G and H. The river study section is in Winchester and begins approximately five stream kilometers downstream from the Woburn wells superfund site. Approximately 300 toxic release sites are documented in the watershed upstream from the terminus of the study section. The inflow to the river study section is considered one source of contamination. Other sources are the atmosphere, a tributary flow, and groundwater flows entering the river; the latter are categorized according to stream zone (1, 2, 3, etc.). Loss processes considered include outflows to groundwater and water-to-atmosphere transfer of volatile compounds. For both trichloroethylene and methyl-tent-butyl ether, degradation is neglected over the timescale of interest. Source apportionment fractions with assigned values alpha(inflow), alpha(2), alpha(3), etc. are tracked by a source apportionment model. The strengths of the groundwater and tributary sources serve as fitting parameters when minimizing a reduced least squares statistic between water concentrations measured during a synoptic study in July 2001 versus predictions from the model. The model fits provide strong evidence of substantial unknown groundwater sources of trichloroethylene and methyl-tert-butyl ether amounting to tens of grams per day of trichloroethylene and methyl-tert-butyl ether in the river along the study section. Modeling in a source apportionment manner can be useful to water quality managers allocating limited resources for remediation and source control. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Oregon Grad Inst, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Univ Washington, Air Sea Interact & Remote Sensing Dept, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. RP Pankow, TE (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Oregon Grad Inst, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM pankow@ebs.ogi.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1606 EP 1613 DI 10.1897/06-557R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 190UJ UT WOS:000248085800007 PM 17702332 ER PT J AU Besser, JM Mebane, CA Mount, DR Ivey, CD Kunz, JL Greer, IE May, TW Ingersoll, CG AF Besser, John M. Mebane, Christopher A. Mount, David R. Ivey, Chris D. Kunz, James L. Greer, I. Eugene May, Thomas W. Ingersoll, Christopher G. TI Sensitivity of mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdi) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) to acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metal toxicity; stream fishes; cotticlae; salmonidae; water quality criteria ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BROOK TROUT; PULP-MILL; STREAM; METALS; RIVER; COMMUNITIES; DOWNSTREAM; MOVEMENTS; RESPONSES AB Studies of fish communities of streams draining mining areas suggest that sculpins (Cottus spp.) may be more sensitive than salmonids to adverse effects of metals. We compared the toxicity of zinc, copper, and cadmium to mottled sculpin (C. bairdi) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) in laboratory toxicity tests. Acute (96-h) and early life-stage chronic (21- or 28-d) toxicity tests were conducted with rainbow trout and with mottled sculpins from populations in Minnesota and Missouri, USA, in diluted well water (hardness = 100 mg/L as CaCO3). Acute and chronic toxicity of metals to newly hatched and swim-up stages of mottled sculpins differed between the two source populations. Differences between populations were greatest for copper, with chronic toxicity values (ChV = geometric mean of lowest-observed-effect concentration and no-observed-effect concentration) of 4.4 mu g/L for Missouri sculpins and 37 mu g/L for Minnesota sculpins. Cadmium toxicity followed a similar trend, but differences between sculpin populations were less marked, with ChVs of 1.1 mu g/L (Missouri) and 1.9 mu g/L (Minnesota). Conversely, zinc was more toxic to Minnesota sculpins (ChV = 75 mu g/L) than Missouri sculpins (chronic ChV = 219 mu Lg/L). Species-average acute and chronic toxicity values for mottled sculpins were similar to or lower than those for rainbow trout and indicated that mottled sculpins were among the most sensitive aquatic species to toxicity of all three metals. Our results indicate that current acute and chronic water quality criteria for cadmium, copper, and zinc adequately protect rainbow trout but may not adequately protect some populations of mottled sculpins. Proposed water quality criteria for copper based on the biotic ligand model would be protective of both sculpin populations tested. C1 US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Water Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Besser, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jbesser@usgs.gov RI Mebane, Christopher/C-7188-2009 OI Mebane, Christopher/0000-0002-9089-0267 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 29 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1657 EP 1665 DI 10.1897/06-571R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 190UJ UT WOS:000248085800014 PM 17702339 ER PT J AU Bettoli, PW Scholten, GD Reeves, WC AF Bettoli, Phillip W. Scholten, George D. Reeves, Willliam C. TI Fisheries management - Protecting paddlefish from overfishing: a case history of the research and regulatory process SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID LOWER TENNESSEE; MORTALITY; BYCATCH AB A commercial fishery for paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) in the Tennessee River was largely unregulated through the 1990s. Beginning in 2002, attention devoted to the plight of caviar-yielding species around the world resulted in much more scrutiny of the Tennessee paddlefish industry. This article describes the stock assessment of a paddlefish stock and the approach taken to present research findings to state and federal regulators and a skeptical fishing community. The end result for the fishery, and lessons learned from a series of public, facilitated, and state commission meetings are discussed. The need to compromise with the fishing industry rneant that not all of the measures proposed to protect the fishery from overfishing were enacted; however, the fishery entered the 2006-2007 season with more regulations in place than ever before and with a promise by the regulatory commission that more restrictive regulations will be imposed in the future if warranted. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Bettoli, PW (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM pbettoti@tntech.edu NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[390:PPFOCH]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 207ZP UT WOS:000249289900003 ER PT J AU Eitzmann, JL Makinster, AS Paukert, CP AF Eitzmann, J. L. Makinster, A. S. Paukert, C. P. TI Distribution and growth of blue sucker in a Great Plains river, USA SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blue sucker; Cycleptus elongatus; Kansas river ID CYCLEPTUS-ELONGATUS; MISSOURI RIVER; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WHITE SUCKER; FISH LARVAE; HISTORY AB Blue sucker, Cycleptus elongatus (Le Sueur), was sampled in the Kansas River, Kansas, USA to determine how relative abundance varies spatially and growth compares to other populations. Electric fishing was conducted at 36 fixed sites during five time periods from March 2005 to January 2006 to determine seasonal distribution. An additional 302 sites were sampled in summer 2005 to determine distribution throughout the river. A total of 10 1 blue sucker was collected ranging from 242 to 782 mm total length and 1-16 years old. Higher catch rates were observed in upper river segments and below a low-head dam in lower river segments, and catch rates were higher during November in the upriver sites. Kansas River blue sucker exhibited slower growth rates than other populations in the Great Plains including populations as far north as South Dakota. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Makinster, AS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jle4477@ksu.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 14 IS 4 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2007.00550.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 201RA UT WOS:000248849100003 ER PT J AU Kunz, TH Arnett, EB Erickson, WP Hoar, AR Johnson, GD Larkin, RP Strickland, MD Thresher, RW Tuttle, MD AF Kunz, Thomas H. Arnett, Edward B. Erickson, Wallace P. Hoar, Alexander R. Johnson, Gregory D. Larkin, Ronald P. Strickland, M. Dale Thresher, Robert W. Tuttle, Merlin D. TI Ecological impacts of wind energy development on bats: questions, research needs, and hypotheses SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID MORTALITY; POPULATIONS; ORIENTATION; MINNESOTA; HABITAT AB At a time of growing concern over the rising costs and long-term environmental impacts of the use of fossil fuels and nuclear energy, wind energy has become an increasingly important sector of the electrical power industry, largely because it has been promoted as being emission-free and is supported by government subsidies and tax credits. However, large numbers of bats are killed at utility-scale wind energy facilities, especially along forested ridgetops in the eastern United States. These fatalities raise important concerns about cumulative impacts of proposed wind energy development on bat populations. This paper summarizes evidence of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in the US, makes projections of cumulative fatalities of bats in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, identifies research needs, and proposes hypotheses to better inform researchers, developers, decision makers, and other stakeholders, and to help minimize adverse effects of wind energy development. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Bat Conservat Int, Austin, TX USA. Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Kunz, TH (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM kunz@bu.edu NR 65 TC 188 Z9 202 U1 9 U2 120 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 5 IS 6 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[315:EIOWED]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 196GA UT WOS:000248468500017 ER PT J AU Eppinger, RG Briggs, PH Dusel-Bacon, C Giles, SA Gough, LP Hammarstrom, JM Hubbard, BE AF Eppinger, Robert G. Briggs, Paul H. Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia Giles, Stuart A. Gough, Larry P. Hammarstrom, Jane M. Hubbard, Bernard E. TI Environmental geochemistry at Red Mountain, an unmined volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit in the Bonnifield district, Alaska Range, east-central Alaska SO GEOCHEMISTRY-EXPLORATION ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE acid rock drainage; volcanogenic massive sulphide; hydrogeochemistry; unmined; rare earth element ID BATHURST MINING CAMP; WATER; OXIDATION; SHALE; ALUMINUM; DRAINAGE; IRON; USA AB The unmined, pyrite-rich Red Mountain (Dry Creek) deposit displays a remarkable environmental footprint of natural acid generation, high metal and exceedingly high rare earth element (REE) concentrations in surface waters. The volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit exhibits well-constrained examples of acid-generating, metal-leaching, metal-precipitation and self-mitigation (via co-precipitation, dilution and neutralization) processes that occur in an undisturbed natural setting, a rare occurrence in North America. Oxidative dissolution of pyrite and associated secondary reactions under near-surface oxidizing conditions are the primary causes for the acid generation and metal leaching. The deposit is hosted in Devonian to Mississippian felsic metavolcanic rocks of the Mystic Creek Member of the Totatlanika Schist. uWater samples with the lowest pH (many below 3.5), highest specific conductance (commonly > 2500 mu S/cm) and highest major- and trace-element concentrations are from springs and streams within the quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration zone. Aluminum, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Y, Zn and, particularly, the REEs are found in high concentrations, ranging across four orders of magnitude. Waters collected upstream from the alteration zone have near-neutral pH, lower specific conductance (370 to 830 mu S/cm), lower metal concentrations and measurable alkalinities. Water samples collected downstream of the alteration zone have pH and metal concentrations intermediate between these two extremes. Stream sediments are anomalous in Zn, Pb, S, Fe, Cu, As, Co, Sb and Cd relative to local and regional background abundances. Red Mountain Creek and its tributaries do not, and probably never have, supported significant aquatic life. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Eppinger, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 24046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM eppinger@usgs.gov; cdusel@usgs.gov; sgiles@usgs.gov; lgough@usgs.gov; jhammars@usgs.gov; bhubbard@usgs.gov NR 64 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7873 J9 GEOCHEM-EXPLOR ENV A JI Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 7 BP 207 EP 223 DI 10.1144/1467-7873/07-136 PN 3 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 196VB UT WOS:000248509200002 ER PT J AU Quade, J Rech, JA Latorre, C Betancourt, JL Gleeson, E Kalin, MTK AF Quade, Jay Rech, Jason A. Latorre, Claudio Betancourt, Julio L. Gleeson, Erin Kalin, Mary T. K. TI Soils at the hyperarid margin: The isotopic composition of soil carbonate from the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; STABLE CARBON; PEDOGENIC CARBONATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COASTAL FOG; VEGETATION; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS; ORIGIN AB We evaluate the impact of exceptionally sparse plant cover (0-20%) and rainfall (2-114 mm/yr) on the stable carbon and oxygen composition of soil carbonate along elevation transects in what is among the driest places on the planet, the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. delta C-13 and delta O-18 values of carbonates from the Atacama are the highest of any desert in the world. delta C-13 (VPDB) values from soil carbonate range from -8.2%o at the wettest sites to +7.9% at the driest. We measured plant composition and modeled respiration rates required to form these carbonate isotopic values using a modified version of the soil diffusion model of [Cerling (1984) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 71, 229-240], in which we assumed an exponential form of the Soil CO2 production function, and relatively shallow (20-30 cm) average production depths. Overall, we find that respiration rates are the main predictor of the delta C-13 value of soil carbonate in the Atacama, whereas the fraction C-3 to C-4 biomass at individual sites has a subordinate influence. The high average delta C-13 value (+4.1 parts per thousand) of carbonate from the driest study sites indicates it formed-perhaps abiotically-in the presence of pure atmospheric CO2. delta O-18 (VPDB) values from soil carbonate range from -5.9 parts per thousand at the wettest sites to +7.3 parts per thousand at the driest and show much less regular variation with elevation change than delta C-13 values. delta O-18 values for soil carbonate predicted from local temperature and 8180 values of rainfall values suggest that extreme (> 80% in some cases) soil dewatering by evaporation occurs at most sites prior to carbonate formation. The effects of evaporation compromise the use of 6180 values from ancient soil carbonate to reconstruct paleoelevation in such and settings. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, CASEB Dept Ecol, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, IEB, Santiago, Chile. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Santiago, Chile. RP Quade, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM quadej@email.arizona.edu RI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599 NR 69 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 BP 3772 EP 3795 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.016 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 195SG UT WOS:000248431400007 ER PT J AU Balci, N Shanks, WC Mayer, B Mandernack, KW AF Balci, Nurgul Shanks, Wayne C., III Mayer, Bernhard Mandernack, Kevin W. TI Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced by bacterial and abiotic oxidation of pyrite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RATE-DETERMINING STEP; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; FERRIC IRON; MICROBIOLOGICAL FRACTIONATION; SULFIDE OXIDATION; SULPHUR ISOTOPES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB To better understand reaction pathways of pyrite oxidation and biogeochemical controls on delta O-18 and delta S-34 values of the generated sulfate in acid mine drainage (AMD) and other natural environments, we conducted a series of pyrite oxidation experiments in the laboratory. Our biological and abiotic experiments were conducted under aerobic conditions by using O-2 as an oxidizing agent and under anaerobic conditions by using dissolved Fe(III)(aq) as an oxidant with varying delta 18OH,O values in the presence and absence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. In addition, aerobic biological experiments were designed as short- and long-term experiments where the final pH was controlled at similar to 2.7 and 2.2, respectively. Due to the slower kinetics of abiotic sulfide oxidation, the aerobic abiotic experiments were only conducted as long term with a final pH of similar to 2.7. The delta S-34(SO4) values from both the biological and abiotic anaerobic experiments indicated a small but significant sulfur isotope fractionation (similar to-0.7 parts per thousand) in contrast to no significant fractionation observed from any of the aerobic experiments. Relative percentages of the incorporation of water-derived oxygen and dissolved oxygen (O-2) to sulfate were estimated, in addition to the oxygen isotope fractionation between sulfate and water, and dissolved oxygen. As expected, during the biological and abiotic anaerobic experiments all of the sulfate oxygen was derived from water. The percentage incorporation of water-derived oxygen into sulfate during the oxidation experiments by O-2 varied with longer incubation and lower pH, but not due to the presence or absence of bacteria. These percentages were estimated as 85%, 92% and 87% from the short-term biological, long-term biological and abiotic control experiments, respectively. An oxygen isotope fractionation effect between sulfate and water (epsilon O-18(SO4)-H2O) of similar to 3.5 parts per thousand was determined for the anaerobic (biological and abiotic) experiments. This measured epsilon(18)O(SO4)2--H2O value was then used to estimate the oxygen isotope fractionation effects (epsilon(18)O(SO4)2-O-2) between sulfate and dissolved oxygen in the aerobic experiments which were -10.0 parts per thousand, -10.8%, and -9.8 parts per thousand, for the short-term biological, long-term biological and abiotic control experiments, respectively. Based on the similarity between delta O-18(SO4), values in the biological and abiotic experiments, it is suggested that delta O-18(SO4) values cannot be used to distinguish biological and abiotic mechanisms of pyrite oxidation. The results presented here suggest that Fe(III),,q is the primary oxidant for pyrite at pH < 3, even in the presence of dissolved oxygen, and that the main oxygen source of sulfate is water-oxygen under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Geol, Istanbul, Turkey. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Appl Geochem Grp, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Mandernack, KW (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kmandern@mines.edu RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012 NR 86 TC 133 Z9 137 U1 7 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 BP 3796 EP 3811 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.04.017 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 195SG UT WOS:000248431400008 ER PT J AU Amundson, R Ewing, SA Michalski, G Thiemens, M Kendall, C Nishiizumi, K McKay, C Chong, G AF Amundson, R. Ewing, S. A. Michalski, G. Thiemens, M. Kendall, C. Nishiizumi, K. McKay, C. Chong, G. TI The climatic and biotic thresholds on soil elemental cycling along an and to hyperarid rainfall gradient SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Catholica Norte, Antofagasta, Chile. EM earthy@nature.berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A22 EP A22 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789900058 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Slowey, A Jew, A Kim, CS Lowry, GV Shaw, S Gustin, MS Rytuba, JJ AF Brown, G. E., Jr. Slowey, A. Jew, A. Kim, C. S. Lowry, G. V. Shaw, S. Gustin, M. S. Rytuba, J. J. TI Speciation of mercury in mining environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Chapman Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM gordon@pangea.stanford.edu; aslowey@usgs.gov; adamjew@stanford.edu; cskim@chapman.edu; glowry@andrew.cmu.edu; s.shaw@see.leeds.ac.uk; mgustin@cabnr.unr.edu; jrytuba@mojave.wr.usgs.gov RI Shaw, Sam/D-6869-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A126 EP A126 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789900266 ER PT J AU Buss, HL Webb, SM Sak, PB Brantley, SL AF Buss, Heather L. Webb, Samuel M. Sak, Peter B. Brantley, Susan L. TI Mineral weathering rates coupled to bedrock fracturing and saprolite formation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Dickinson Coll, Dept Geol, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hlbuss@usgs.gov; samwebb@slac.stanford.edu; sakp@dickinson.edu; brantley@eesi.psu.edu RI Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013; Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A138 EP A138 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789900290 ER PT J AU Dosseto, A Turner, SP Buss, HL Chabaux, F AF Dosseto, Anthony Turner, Simon P. Buss, Heather L. Chabaux, Francois TI The timescale of sediment transport in a small tropical watershed SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, GEMOC, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Strasbourg, CGS EOST, Strasbourg, France. EM adosseto@els.mq.edu.au; sturner@els.mq.edu.au; hlbuss@usgs.gov; fchabaux@illite.u-strasbg.fr RI Dosseto, Anthony/A-2543-2008; Buss, Heather/M-1693-2013 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A232 EP A232 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789900477 ER PT J AU Gammons, CH Parker, SR Nimick, DA AF Gammons, C. H. Parker, S. R. Nimick, D. A. TI Diel iron cycling in acidic rivers of southwestern Spain SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY ID TINTO C1 Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Geol Engn, Butte, MT USA. Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Chem & Geochem, Butte, MT USA. US Geol Survey, Helena, MT USA. EM cgammons@mtech.edu; sparker@mtech.edu; dnimick@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A305 EP A305 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789900622 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, MB Smith, DB Morrision, JM Wanty, RB Holloway, JM AF Goldhaber, M. B. Smith, D. B. Morrision, J. M. Wanty, R. B. Holloway, J. M. TI A coordinated continental and regional soil geochemical survey of North America SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM mgold@usgs.gov; dsmith@usgs.gov; jmorrison@usgs.gov; rwanty@usgs.gov; jholloway@usgs.gov RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012 OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A337 EP A337 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789900687 ER PT J AU Henry, DJ Sun, HT Dutrow, BL Slack, JF AF Henry, Darrell J. Sun, Haiting Dutrow, Barbara L. Slack, John F. TI Tourmaline in evaporites and meta-evaporites: Perspectives from Namibian metasediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM dhenry@geol.lsu.edu RI Henry, Darrell/B-3699-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A396 EP A396 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901007 ER PT J AU Heuer, V Pohlman, J Elvert, M Hinrichs, KU AF Heuer, Verena Pohlman, John Elvert, Marcus Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe TI Carbon isotopic compositions of acetate as proxies for biogeochemical processes in gas hydrate bearing sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM vheuer@uni-bremen.de; jpohlman@usgs.gov; melvert@uni-bremen.de; khinrichs@uni-bremen.de NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A402 EP A402 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901019 ER PT J AU Horton, JW Gohn, GS Powars, DS AF Horton, J. W., Jr. Gohn, G. S. Powars, D. S. TI The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure - Status of research, insights, and implications SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM whorton@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A417 EP A417 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901049 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Hovorka, SD Cole, DR Phelps, TJ Bullen, TD AF Kharaka, Y. K. Thordsen, J. J. Hovorka, S. D. Cole, D. R. Phelps, T. J. Bullen, T. D. TI Potential environmental issues of CO2 storage in saline aquifers: Geochemical results from the Frio Brine pilot tests, Texas, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Texas, BEG, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov; susan.hovorka@beg.utexas.edu; coledr@ornl.gov RI Chisholm, Stephanie/A-3540-2012 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A481 EP A481 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901177 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ AF Kim, C. S. Rytuba, J. J. TI Particle size effects on heavy metal distribution, speciation, and correlations in mine wastes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Chapman Univ, Dept Chem, Orange, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cskim@chapman.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A483 EP A483 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901182 ER PT J AU Kolker, A Engle, MA Orem, WH Bunnell, JE Lerch, HE Krabbenhoft, DP Olson, ML McCord, JD AF Kolker, Allan Engle, M. A. Orem, W. H. Bunnell, J. E. Lerch, H. E. Krabbenhoft, D. P. Olson, M. L. McCord, J. D. TI Mercury, trace elements, and organic constituents: A combined approach to sampling atmospheric particulate matter (PM) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Water Resources Discipline, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Cent Energy Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM akolker@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A508 EP A508 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901232 ER PT J AU Maclennan, J Perfit, MR Fornari, D Ridley, WI Soule, SA AF Maclennan, J. Perfit, M. R. Fornari, D. Ridley, W. I. Soule, S. A. TI Magmatic architecture and geochemical variability at the 9 degrees N segment of the East Pacific Rise SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jmac05@esc.cam.ac.uk; perfit@geology.ufl.edu; dfornari@whoi.edu; iridley@usgs.gov; ssoule@whoi.edu RI Maclennan, John/E-6549-2010 OI Maclennan, John/0000-0001-6857-9600 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A610 EP A610 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901436 ER PT J AU Maher, K Steefel, CI Stonestrom, DA White, AF AF Maher, Kate Steefel, Carl I. Stonestrom, David A. White, Art F. TI Control of chemical weathering rates by secondary mineral precipitation: a reactive transport approach for understanding soil genesis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kmaher@usgs.gov RI Stonestrom, David/E-9125-2011; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 OI Stonestrom, David/0000-0001-7883-3385; NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A613 EP A613 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901441 ER PT J AU Marshall, BD Peterman, ZE AF Marshall, Brian D. Peterman, Zell E. TI Dust chemistry and accumulation rate in a long-term full-scale heater test at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM bdmarsha@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A626 EP A626 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901467 ER PT J AU Mayanovic, RA Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Mayanovic, Robert A. Anderson, Alan J. Bassett, William A. Chou, I-Ming TI The structure of REE aqua and chloroaqua complexes in hydrothermal fluids SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Missouri State Univ, Springfield, MO USA. St Francis Xavier Univ, Antigonish, NS B2G 1C0, Canada. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM robertmayanovic@missouristate.edu; aanderso@stfx.ca; WAB7@cornell.edu; imchou@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A642 EP A642 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901499 ER PT J AU McGoldrick, P Lyons, T Emsbo, P AF McGoldrick, Peter Lyons, Timothy Emsbo, Pon TI Microbes, sedex deposits and siderophile seawater at similar to 1.65 Ga in northern Australia SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Univ Tasmania, CODES Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM p.mcgoldrick@utas.edu.au; timothy.lyons@ucr.edu; pemsbo@usgs.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A646 EP A646 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901507 ER PT J AU Moore, J Lichtner, PC White, AF Brantley, SL AF Moore, J. Lichtner, P. C. White, A. F. Brantley, S. L. TI Using reactive transport models and chronosequence data to elucidate differences between laboratory and field mineral dissolution rates SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Environm Kinet Anal, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM joelmoore@psu.edu; lichtner@lanl.gov; afwhite@usgs.gov; brantley@essc.psu.edu RI Moore, Joel/G-7626-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A683 EP A683 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901582 ER PT J AU Mulch, A Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Perkins, ME Chamberlain, CP AF Mulch, A. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M. Perkins, M. E. Chamberlain, C. P. TI Hydrogen isotope variations in hydrated volcanic glass as tracers of late Cenozoic precipitation patterns in the western United States SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Geol, Stanford, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM mulch@geowi.uni-hannover.de; asarna@usgs.gov; perkins@earth.utah.edu; chamb@pangea.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A693 EP A693 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901602 ER PT J AU Neymark, LA AF Neymark, Leonid A. TI Isotopic evidence for uranium retardation in zeolitic rocks at Yucca mountain, Nevada SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM lneymark@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A714 EP A714 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901643 ER PT J AU Nielsen, SG Klemm, V LaRowe, D Halliday, AN Hein, JR AF Nielsen, Sune G. Klemm, Veronika LaRowe, Doug Halliday, Alex N. Hein, James R. TI Systematic thallium isotope variation in Fe-Mn crusts: A proxy for changes in ocean chemistry? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. ETH, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A718 EP A718 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901651 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, D. Kirk TI Geochemical meddling, microbing, Marsing, and mitigating mine drainage SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A723 EP A723 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901662 ER PT J AU Planer-Friedrich, B London, J McCleskey, RB Nordstrom, DK Wallschlager, D AF Planer-Friedrich, B. London, J. McCleskey, R. B. Nordstrom, D. K. Wallschlaeger, D. TI Importance of thioarsenates for arsenic redox processes along geothermal drainages, Yellowstone National Park SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Trent Univ, Peterborough, England. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. EM brittaplaner@trentu.ca; Jacquelinelondon@trentu.ca; rbmccles@usgs.gov; dwallsch@trentu.ca; dwallsch@trentu.ca RI Planer-Friedrich, Britta/J-1548-2012 OI Planer-Friedrich, Britta/0000-0002-0656-4283 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A795 EP A795 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901806 ER PT J AU Pohlman, JW Bauer, JE Osburn, CL Coffin, RB AF Pohlman, J. W. Bauer, J. E. Osburn, C. L. Coffin, R. B. TI Carbon isotope evidence (C-13 and C-14) for fossil methane-derived dissolved organic carbon from gas hydrate bearing cold seeps SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM jpohlman@usgs.gov; bauer@vims.edu; osburn@nrl.navy.mil; coffin@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A798 EP A798 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901812 ER PT J AU Polgari, M Hein, JR Toth, M Vigh, T Biro, L AF Polgari, M. Hein, J. R. Toth, M. Vigh, T. Biro, L. TI Did hydrothermal fluids contribute to the huge Urkut Manganese ore body? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 HAS, Inst Geochem Res, Budapest, Hungary. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Mangan Ltd, Urkut, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, Hungary. EM polgari@geochem.hu; jhein@usgs.gov; manganvigh@vnet.hu; birolori@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 BP A801 EP A801 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901817 ER PT J AU Rehkamper, A Baker, RGA Nielsen, SG Hinkley, TK Toutain, JP AF Rehkamper, A. Baker, R. G. A. Nielsen, S. G. Hinkley, T. K. Toutain, J. P. TI Volcanic outgassing and the Tl isotope composition of the oceans SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY ID MASS-BALANCE; THALLIUM; SEAWATER C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 4BH, England. USGS, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Toulouse, LMTG, CNRS, IRD,OMP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A827 EP A827 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902026 ER PT J AU Tang, YC Ellis, GS Ma, QS AF Tang, Yongchun Ellis, Geoffrey S. Ma, Qisheng TI Use of carbon and hydrogen stable isotopic composition to quantitatively assess natural gas generation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 CALTECH, Power Environm & Energy Res Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Us Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. EM tang@peer.caltech.edu; gsellis@usgs.gov; qim2@peer.caltech.edu RI Tang, Yongchun/G-7473-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A1001 EP A1001 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902373 ER PT J AU Teng, FZ Wadhwa, M Helz, RT Richter, FM AF Teng, Fang-Zhen Wadhwa, Meenakshi Helz, Rosalind T. Richter, Frank M. TI The absence of magnesium isotope fractionation during basalt differentiation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM teng@geosci.uchicago.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A1014 EP A1014 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902399 ER PT J AU White, AF Schultz, M Blum, A Vivit, D AF White, Art F. Schultz, Marjorie Blum, Alex Vivit, Davision TI What the evolution of soil profiles tell us about weathering rates SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A1105 EP A1105 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902582 ER PT J AU Wildman, RA Hering, JG Domagalski, JL AF Wildman, R. A., Jr. Hering, J. G. Domagalski, J. L. TI Advection and redox processes as controls on minor elements in groundwater influenced by irrigation and surface-water exchange SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM wildman@caltech.edu; janet.hering@eawag.ch; joed@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A1114 EP A1114 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902599 ER PT J AU Bekins, BA Spivack, AJ Davis, EE Mayer, LA AF Bekins, Barbara A. Spivack, Arthur J. Davis, Earl E. Mayer, Larry A. TI Dissolution of biogenic ooze over basement edifices in the equatorial Pacific with implications for hydrothermal ventilation of the oceanic crust SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal; vents; pelagic; sediments; carbonate; solubility ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; HEAT-FLOW; EASTERN FLANK; SEDIMENTS; PERMEABILITY; CIRCULATION; SEAWATER; FLUID; BASIN AB Recent observations indicate that curious closed depressions in carbonate sediments overlying basement edifices are widespread in the equatorial Pacific. A possible mechanism for their creation is dissolution by fluids exiting basement vents from off-axis hydrothermal flow. Quantitative analysis based on the retrograde solubility of calcium carbonate and cooling of basement fluids during ascent provides an estimate for the dissolution capacity of the venting fluids. Comparison of the dissolution capacity and fluid flux with typical equatorial Pacific carbonate mass accumulation rates shows that this mechanism is feasible. By maintaining sediment-free basement outcrops, the process may promote widespread circulation of relatively unaltered seawater in the basement in an area where average sediment thicknesses are 300-500 m. The enhanced ventilation can explain several previously puzzling observations in this region, including anomalously low heat flux, relatively unaltered seawater in the basement, and aerobic and nitrate-reducing microbial activity at the base of the sediments. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Bekins, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 8 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1130/G23797A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 195RY UT WOS:000248430500002 ER PT J AU Edmonds, M Gerlach, TM AF Edmonds, Marie Gerlach, Terrence M. TI Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hawai'i; Kilauea; magma degassing; vapor segregation; basalt; open path Fourier transform; infrared spectroscopy ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; LAVA; HAWAII; ERUPTION; GAS AB Measurements of volcanic gases at Pu'u'O'o, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, reveal distinct degassing regimes with respect to vapor segregation and loss during effusive activity in 2004-2005. Three styles of vapor loss are distinguished by the chemical character of the emitted volcanic gases, measured by open path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: (1) persistent continuous gas emission, (2) gas piston events, and (3) lava spattering. Persistent continuous gas emission is associated with magma ascent and degassing beneath the crater vents, then eruption of the degassed magma from flank vents. Gas piston events are the result of static gas accumulation at depths of 400-900 m beneath Pu'u'O'o'. A CO2-rich gas slug travels up the conduit at a few meters per second, displacing magma as it expands. Lava spattering occurs due to dynamic bubble coalescence in a column of relatively stagnant magma. The large gas bubbles are H 20 rich and are generated by open-system degassing at depths of < 150 m. Static gas accumulation and dynamic bubble coalescence are both manifestations of vapor segregation in basaltic melts, but their implications differ. Accumulation and segregation of CO2-rich vapor at depth does not deplete the melt of H 20 (required to drive lava fountains near to the surface) and therefore gas piston events can occur interspersed with lava fountaining activity. Lava spattering, however, efficiently strips H2O-rich vapor from magma beneath the crater vents; the magma must then erupt effusively from vents on the flank of the cone. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Edmonds, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 35 IS 8 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1130/G23464A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 195RY UT WOS:000248430500020 ER PT J AU Dash, RK Spence, GD Riedel, M Hyndman, RD Brocher, TM AF Dash, R. K. Spence, G. D. Riedel, M. Hyndman, R. D. Brocher, T. M. TI Upper-crustal structure beneath the strait of georgia, southwest British Columbia SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE crustal structure; earthquakes; traveltime tomography; inversion ID FORE-ARC; PUGET LOWLAND; BASIN; WASHINGTON; CASCADIA; ARCHITECTURE; TOMOGRAPHY; SOUND AB We present a new three-dimensional (3-D) P-wave velocity model for the upper-crustal structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, southwestern British Columbia based on non-linear tomographic inversion of wide-angle seismic refraction data. Our study, part of the Georgia Basin Geohazards Initiative (GBGI) is primarily aimed at mapping the depth of the Cenozoic sedimentary basin and delineating the near-surface crustal faults associated with recent seismic activities (e.g. M = 4.6 in 1997 and M = 5.0 in 1975) in the region. Joint inversion of firstarrival traveltimes from the 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) and the 2002 Georgia Basin experiment provides a high-resolution velocity model of the subsurface to a depth of -7 km. In the southeentral Georgia Basin, sedimentary rocks of the Cretaceous Nanaimo Group and early Tertiary rocks have seismic velocities between 3.0 and 5.5 km s(-1). The basin thickness increases from north to south with a maximum thickness of 7 ( 1) kni (depth to velocities of 5.5 k-m s-1) at the southeast end of the strait. The underlying basement rocks, probably representing the Wrangellia terrane, have velocities of 5.5-6.5 km s-1 with considerable lateral variation. Our tomographic model reveals that the Strait of Georgia is underlain by a fault-bounded block within the central Georgia Basin. It also shows a correlation between microearthquakes and areas of rapid change in basin thickness. The 1997/1975 earthquakes are located near a northeast-trending hinge line where the thicknesses of sedimentary rocks increase rapidly to the southeast. Given its association with instrumentally recorded, moderate sized earthquakes, we infer that the hinge region is cored by an active fault that we informally name the Gabriola Island fault. A Dorthwest-trending, southwest dipping velocity discontinuity along the eastern side of Vancouver Island correlates spatially with the surface expression of the Outer Island fault. The Outer Island fault as mapped in our seismic tomography model is a thrust fault that projects directly into the Lummi Island fault, suggesting that they are related structures forming a fault system that is continuous for nearly 90 km. Together, these inferred thrust faults may account for at least a portion of the basement uplift at the San Juan Islands. C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dash, RK (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM rdash@uvic.ca RI Dash, Ranjan/F-7542-2012; OI Dash, Ranjan/0000-0002-7457-4897; Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 170 IS 2 BP 800 EP 812 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03455.x PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 201QB UT WOS:000248846600026 ER PT J AU Haney, M Snieder, R Ampuero, JP Hofmann, R AF Haney, Matthew Snieder, Roel Ampuero, Jean-Paul Hofmann, Ronny TI Spectral element modelling of fault-plane reflections arising from fluid pressure distributions SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE fault zones; fluid pressures; spectral element method ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SEISMIC RESPONSE; GROWTH FAULT; TRANSMISSION; FRACTURES; OVERPRESSURE; INTERFACES; MIGRATION; BASIN AB The presence of fault-plane reflections in seismic images, besides indicating the locations of faults, offers a possible source of information on the properties of these poorly understood zones. To better understand the physical mechanism giving rise to fault-plane reflections in compacting sedimentary basins, we numerically model the full elastic wavefield via the spectral element method (SEM) for several different fault models. Using well log data from the South Eugene Island field, offshore Louisiana, we derive empirical relationships between the elastic parameters (e.g. P-wave velocity and density) and the effective-stress along both normal compaction and unloading paths. These empirical relationships guide the numerical modelling and allow the investigation of how differences in fluid pressure modify the elastic wavefield. We choose to simulate the elastic wave equation via SEM since irregular model geometries can be accommodated and slip boundary conditions at an interface, such as a fault or fracture, are implemented naturally. The method we employ for including a slip interface retains the desirable qualities of SEM in that it is explicit in time and, therefore, does not require the inversion of a large matrix. We perform a complete numerical study by forward modelling seismic shot gathers over a faulted earth model using SEM followed by seismic processing of the simulated data. With this procedure, we construct post-stack time-migrated images of the kind that are routinely interpreted in the seismic exploration industry. We dip filter the seismic images to highlight the fault-plane reflections prior to making amplitude maps along the fault plane. With these amplitude maps, we compare the reflectivity from the different fault models to diagnose which physical mechanism contributes most to observed fault reflectivity. To lend physical meaning to the properties of a locally weak fault zone characterized as a slip interface, we propose an equivalent-layer model under the assumption of weak scattering. This allows us to use the empirical relationships between density, velocity and effective stress from the South Eugene Island field to relate a slip interface to an amount of excess pore-pressure in a fault zone. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Ctr Rock Abuse, Golden, CO 80401 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Inst Geophys Seismol & Geodynam, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Haney, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mhaney@usgs.gov RI Ampuero, Jean Paul/N-3348-2013 OI Ampuero, Jean Paul/0000-0002-4827-7987 NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 170 IS 2 BP 933 EP 951 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03437.x PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 201QB UT WOS:000248846600037 ER PT J AU Heppner, CS Nimmo, JR Folmar, GJ Gburek, WJ Risser, DW AF Heppner, Christopher S. Nimmo, John R. Folmar, Gordon J. Gburek, William J. Risser, Dennis W. TI Multiple-methods investigation of recharge at a humid-region fractured rock site, Pennsylvania, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; fractured rocks; unsaturated zone; lysimeters; water-table fluctuations ID WATER-TABLE; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; WICK LYSIMETERS; FLOW; INFILTRATION; VELOCITIES; TRANSPORT; AQUIFERS; TENSION; YIELD AB Lysimeter-percolate and well-hydrograph analyses were combined to evaluate recharge for the Masser Recharge Site (central Pennsylvania, USA). In humid regions, aquifer recharge through an unconfined low-porosity fractured-rock aquifer can cause large magnitude water-table fluctuations over short time scales. The unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of the subsurface porous media control the magnitude and timing of these fluctuations. Data from multiple sets of lysimeters at the site show a highly seasonal pattern of percolate and exhibit variability due to both installation factors and hydraulic property heterogeneity. Individual event analysis of well hydrograph data reveals the primary influences on water-table response, namely rainfall depth, rainfall intensity, and initial water-table depth. Spatial and seasonal variability in well response is also evident. A new approach for calculating recharge from continuous water-table elevation records using a master recession curve (MRC) is demonstrated. The recharge estimated by the MRC approach when assuming a constant specific yield is seasonal to a lesser degree than the recharge estimate resulting from the lysimeter analysis. Partial reconciliation of the two recharge estimates is achieved by considering a conceptual model of flow processes in the highly-heterogeneous underlying fractured porous medium. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Heppner, CS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hepp@pangea.stanford.edu NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5 BP 915 EP 927 DI 10.1007/s10040-006-0149-6 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 190KC UT WOS:000248056700007 ER PT J AU Burow, KR Dubrovsky, NM Shelton, JL AF Burow, K. R. Dubrovsky, N. M. Shelton, J. L. TI Temporal trends in concentrations of DBCP and nitrate in groundwater in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California, USA SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Contamination; San Joaquin Valley; Groundwater monitoring; Groundwater age ID CASE-STUDY SIMULATION; 1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE DBCP; FRESNO COUNTY; ALLUVIAL-FAN; QUALITY; WATER; CONTAMINATION; SUBSURFACE; TRANSFORMATION; IRRIGATION AB Temporal monitoring of the pesticide 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and nitrate and indicators of mean groundwater age were used to evaluate the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in groundwater and to predict the long-term effects in the regional aquifer system in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California. Twenty monitoring wells were installed on a transect along an approximate groundwater flow path. Concentrations of DBCP and nitrate in the wells were compared to concentrations in regional areal monitoring networks. DBCP persists at concentrations above the US Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant level (MCL) at depths of nearly 40 m below the water table, more than 25 years after it was banned. Nitrate concentrations above the MCL reached depths of more than 20 m below the water table. Because of the intensive pumping and irrigation recharge, vertical flow paths are dominant. High concentrations (above MCLs) in the shallow part of the regional aquifer system will likely move deeper in the system, affecting both domestic and public-supply wells. The large fraction of old water (unaffected by agricultural chemicals) in deep monitoring wells suggests that it could take decades for concentrations to reach MCLs in deep, long-screened public-supply wells, however. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Burow, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM krburow@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 15 IS 5 BP 991 EP 1007 DI 10.1007/s10040-006-0148-7 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 190KC UT WOS:000248056700012 ER EF